Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
2e1d04bc JH |
1 | #!../miniperl |
2 | ||
5b504182 NC |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; | |
5 | ||
1fa7ca25 JH |
6 | $ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C'; |
7 | ||
f556af6c NC |
8 | my $Quiet; |
9 | @ARGV = grep { not($_ eq '-q' and $Quiet = 1) } @ARGV; | |
291c64f4 | 10 | |
f556af6c NC |
11 | if (@ARGV) { |
12 | my $workdir = shift; | |
13 | chdir $workdir | |
14 | or die "Couldn't chdir to '$workdir': $!"; | |
15 | } | |
16 | require 'regen/regen_lib.pl'; | |
4d671226 | 17 | |
291c64f4 NC |
18 | # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style |
19 | # filenames will work. | |
20 | ||
f556af6c NC |
21 | open MANIFEST, '<', 'MANIFEST' |
22 | or die "Can't open MANIFEST: $!"; | |
0f6ab019 TI |
23 | my @files = |
24 | grep !m#/perl.*\.pod#, | |
25 | grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, | |
26 | map {s/\s.*//s; $_} | |
27 | grep { m#^(lib|ext|dist|cpan)/# && !m#/(?:t|demo)/# } | |
28 | <MANIFEST>; | |
f556af6c NC |
29 | close MANIFEST |
30 | or die "$0: failed to close MANIFEST: $!"; | |
31 | ||
32 | my $out = open_new('pod/perlmodlib.pod', undef, | |
33 | {by => "$0 extracting documentation", | |
34 | from => 'the Perl source files'}, 1); | |
cf9cbb1f NC |
35 | |
36 | my %exceptions = ( | |
37 | 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev', | |
38 | 'carp' => 'Carp', | |
39 | 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std', | |
cf9cbb1f NC |
40 | 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name', |
41 | 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ', | |
4e42dfb1 JB |
42 | ); |
43 | ||
f556af6c NC |
44 | my (@pragma, @mod); |
45 | ||
cf9cbb1f | 46 | for my $filename (@files) { |
f556af6c NC |
47 | unless (open MOD, '<', $filename) { |
48 | warn "Couldn't open $filename: $!"; | |
e8041d9b | 49 | next; |
4e42dfb1 | 50 | } |
4e860d0a | 51 | |
5b504182 NC |
52 | my ($name, $thing); |
53 | my $foundit = 0; | |
54 | { | |
55 | local $/ = ""; | |
56 | while (<MOD>) { | |
57 | next unless /^=head1 NAME/; | |
58 | $foundit++; | |
59 | last; | |
60 | } | |
61 | } | |
62 | unless ($foundit) { | |
63 | warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n" | |
64 | unless $Quiet; | |
65 | next; | |
66 | } | |
67 | my $title = <MOD>; | |
68 | chomp $title; | |
f556af6c NC |
69 | close MOD |
70 | or die "Error closing $filename: $!"; | |
1fa7ca25 | 71 | |
5b504182 | 72 | ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2; |
4e42dfb1 | 73 | |
5b504182 NC |
74 | unless ($name and $thing) { |
75 | warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name; | |
76 | warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet; | |
77 | next; | |
78 | } | |
79 | ||
80 | $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//; | |
81 | $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name; | |
82 | $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i; | |
83 | $thing = ucfirst $thing; | |
84 | $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n"; | |
85 | ||
86 | if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) { | |
87 | push @mod, $title; | |
88 | } else { | |
89 | push @pragma, $title; | |
90 | } | |
2e1d04bc JH |
91 | } |
92 | ||
cf9cbb1f NC |
93 | # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on |
94 | # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its | |
95 | # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above) | |
d72ea276 | 96 | push @mod, "=item Config\n\nAccess Perl configuration information\n\n"; |
cf9cbb1f | 97 | |
cf9cbb1f | 98 | |
d72ea276 NC |
99 | # The intent of using =cut as the heredoc terminator is to make the whole file |
100 | # parse as (reasonably) sane Pod as-is to anything that attempts to | |
101 | # brute-force treat it as such. The content is already useful - this just | |
102 | # makes it tidier, by stopping anything doing this mistaking the rest of the | |
103 | # Perl code for Pod. eg http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl/pod/perlmodlib.PL | |
cf9cbb1f | 104 | |
f556af6c | 105 | print $out <<'=cut'; |
2e1d04bc JH |
106 | =head1 NAME |
107 | ||
108 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones | |
109 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
110 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY |
111 | ||
7ef5744c | 112 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described |
2e1d04bc | 113 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library |
7ef5744c | 114 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be |
2e1d04bc JH |
115 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated |
116 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the | |
117 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are | |
118 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still | |
119 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard | |
120 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up | |
121 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may | |
122 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) | |
123 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion, | |
124 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. | |
125 | ||
126 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules | |
127 | ||
128 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they | |
129 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually | |
130 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these | |
131 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them | |
132 | by saying: | |
133 | ||
134 | no integer; | |
135 | no strict 'refs'; | |
136 | no warnings; | |
137 | ||
138 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. | |
139 | ||
140 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the | |
141 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, | |
142 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a | |
143 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than | |
144 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file | |
145 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no | |
146 | vars> or C<no subs>. | |
147 | ||
148 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). | |
149 | ||
150 | =over 12 | |
151 | ||
d72ea276 | 152 | =cut |
2e1d04bc | 153 | |
f556af6c | 154 | print $out $_ for sort @pragma; |
2e1d04bc | 155 | |
f556af6c | 156 | print $out <<'=cut'; |
d72ea276 | 157 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
158 | =back |
159 | ||
160 | =head2 Standard Modules | |
161 | ||
162 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined | |
163 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the | |
164 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. | |
165 | ||
7ef5744c RGS |
166 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your |
167 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you | |
168 | don't have the gdbm library. | |
169 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
170 | =over 12 |
171 | ||
d72ea276 | 172 | =cut |
2e1d04bc | 173 | |
f556af6c | 174 | print $out $_ for sort @mod; |
2e1d04bc | 175 | |
f556af6c | 176 | print $out <<'=cut', "=cut\n"; |
d72ea276 | 177 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
178 | =back |
179 | ||
180 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including | |
181 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, | |
a4373870 CW |
182 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, |
183 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). | |
2e1d04bc | 184 | |
a4373870 CW |
185 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \ |
186 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, | |
187 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' | |
2e1d04bc | 188 | |
8518420c | 189 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) |
2e1d04bc JH |
190 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible |
191 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find> | |
192 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which | |
193 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you | |
194 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have | |
195 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no | |
196 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program. | |
197 | ||
8518420c RGS |
198 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly |
199 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on | |
200 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker | |
201 | install process.) | |
202 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
203 | =head2 Extension Modules |
204 | ||
205 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They | |
206 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, | |
da75cd15 | 207 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules |
2e1d04bc JH |
208 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. |
209 | ||
210 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not | |
211 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time | |
212 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of | |
213 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to | |
214 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines | |
7ef5744c | 215 | like Alta Vista or Google. |
2e1d04bc JH |
216 | |
217 | =head1 CPAN | |
218 | ||
219 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally | |
220 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style | |
221 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and | |
222 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for | |
1577cd80 | 223 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
224 | |
225 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, | |
226 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of | |
227 | modules are: | |
228 | ||
229 | =over | |
230 | ||
231 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 232 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
233 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools |
234 | ||
235 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 236 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
237 | Development Support |
238 | ||
239 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 240 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
241 | Operating System Interfaces |
242 | ||
243 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 244 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
245 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication |
246 | ||
247 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 248 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
249 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities |
250 | ||
251 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 252 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
253 | Database Interfaces |
254 | ||
255 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 256 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
257 | User Interfaces |
258 | ||
259 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 260 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
261 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages |
262 | ||
263 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 264 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
265 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) |
266 | ||
267 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 268 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
269 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching |
270 | ||
271 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 272 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
273 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing |
274 | ||
275 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 276 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
277 | Internationalization and Locale |
278 | ||
279 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 280 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
281 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption |
282 | ||
283 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 284 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
285 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME |
286 | ||
287 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 288 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
289 | Server and Daemon Utilities |
290 | ||
291 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 292 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
293 | Archiving and Compression |
294 | ||
295 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 296 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
297 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing |
298 | ||
299 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 300 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
301 | Mail and Usenet News |
302 | ||
303 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 304 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
305 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) |
306 | ||
307 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 308 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
309 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities |
310 | ||
311 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 312 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
313 | Miscellaneous Modules |
314 | ||
315 | =back | |
316 | ||
9d169eb4 | 317 | The list of the registered CPAN sites follows. |
5df44211 JH |
318 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: |
319 | ||
320 | Continent | |
321 | | | |
322 | |-->Country | |
323 | | | |
324 | |-->[state/province] | |
325 | | | |
326 | |-->ftp | |
327 | | | |
328 | |-->[http] | |
329 | ||
330 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the | |
331 | European and the South American sites. | |
332 | ||
9d169eb4 | 333 | Registered CPAN sites |
2e1d04bc | 334 | |
04b029fe LB |
335 | =for maintainers |
336 | Generated by Porting/make_modlib_cpan.pl | |
337 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
338 | =head2 Africa |
339 | ||
340 | =over 4 | |
341 | ||
5df44211 | 342 | =item South Africa |
4e860d0a | 343 | |
04b029fe LB |
344 | http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ |
345 | ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/ | |
346 | http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ | |
347 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/ | |
348 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
349 | |
350 | =back | |
351 | ||
352 | =head2 Asia | |
353 | ||
354 | =over 4 | |
355 | ||
04b029fe LB |
356 | =item China |
357 | ||
358 | http://cpan.wenzk.com/ | |
359 | ||
9d169eb4 | 360 | =item Hong Kong |
4e860d0a | 361 | |
04b029fe LB |
362 | http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
363 | ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
364 | http://mirrors.geoexpat.com/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 365 | |
9d169eb4 | 366 | =item India |
c165c82a | 367 | |
04b029fe | 368 | http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/ |
c165c82a | 369 | |
9d169eb4 | 370 | =item Indonesia |
c165c82a | 371 | |
04b029fe LB |
372 | http://cpan.biz.net.id/ |
373 | http://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/ | |
374 | ftp://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/ | |
375 | http://cpan.cermin.lipi.go.id/ | |
376 | ftp://cermin.lipi.go.id/pub/CPAN/ | |
377 | http://cpan.pesat.net.id/ | |
c165c82a | 378 | |
5df44211 | 379 | =item Japan |
c165c82a | 380 | |
04b029fe LB |
381 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN |
382 | ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/ | |
383 | http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
384 | ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
385 | http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
386 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
387 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ | |
388 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
389 | http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ | |
390 | ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/ | |
391 | http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
392 | ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 393 | |
9d169eb4 | 394 | =item Republic of Korea |
4e860d0a | 395 | |
04b029fe LB |
396 | http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN |
397 | ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN | |
398 | http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/ | |
399 | ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/ | |
400 | http://cpan.sarang.net/ | |
401 | ftp://cpan.sarang.net/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 402 | |
9d169eb4 | 403 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a | 404 | |
04b029fe LB |
405 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru/ |
406 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/ | |
4e860d0a | 407 | |
5df44211 | 408 | =item Singapore |
4e860d0a | 409 | |
04b029fe LB |
410 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN |
411 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN | |
412 | http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/ | |
413 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org | |
414 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan | |
4e860d0a | 415 | |
5df44211 | 416 | =item Taiwan |
4e860d0a | 417 | |
04b029fe LB |
418 | http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ |
419 | ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
420 | http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ | |
421 | ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/ | |
422 | ftp://ftp.ncu.edu.tw/CPAN/ | |
423 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ | |
424 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/ | |
425 | http://cpan.stu.edu.tw | |
426 | ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN | |
427 | http://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN | |
428 | ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
429 | http://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/ | |
430 | ftp://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
7a142657 | 431 | |
5df44211 | 432 | =item Thailand |
4e860d0a | 433 | |
04b029fe LB |
434 | http://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/ |
435 | ftp://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/ | |
436 | http://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/ | |
437 | ftp://mirror.yourconnect.com/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
438 | |
439 | =item Turkey | |
440 | ||
04b029fe | 441 | http://cpan.gazi.edu.tr/ |
4e860d0a JH |
442 | |
443 | =back | |
444 | ||
445 | =head2 Central America | |
446 | ||
447 | =over 4 | |
448 | ||
5df44211 | 449 | =item Costa Rica |
4e860d0a | 450 | |
04b029fe LB |
451 | http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/ |
452 | ftp://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
453 | |
454 | =back | |
455 | ||
456 | =head2 Europe | |
457 | ||
458 | =over 4 | |
459 | ||
5df44211 | 460 | =item Austria |
4e860d0a | 461 | |
04b029fe LB |
462 | http://cpan.inode.at/ |
463 | ftp://cpan.inode.at | |
464 | http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
465 | ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 466 | |
5df44211 | 467 | =item Belgium |
4e860d0a | 468 | |
04b029fe LB |
469 | http://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ |
470 | ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
471 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ | |
472 | http://cpan.weepee.org/ | |
4e860d0a | 473 | |
7a142657 JH |
474 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina |
475 | ||
04b029fe | 476 | http://cpan.blic.net/ |
7a142657 | 477 | |
5df44211 | 478 | =item Bulgaria |
4e860d0a | 479 | |
04b029fe LB |
480 | http://cpan.cbox.biz/ |
481 | ftp://cpan.cbox.biz/cpan/ | |
482 | http://cpan.digsys.bg/ | |
483 | ftp://ftp.digsys.bg/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 484 | |
5df44211 | 485 | =item Croatia |
4e860d0a | 486 | |
04b029fe LB |
487 | http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
488 | ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 489 | |
5df44211 | 490 | =item Czech Republic |
4e860d0a | 491 | |
04b029fe LB |
492 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ |
493 | http://archive.cpan.cz/ | |
4e860d0a | 494 | |
5df44211 | 495 | =item Denmark |
4e860d0a | 496 | |
04b029fe LB |
497 | http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan |
498 | ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/ | |
499 | http://www.cpan.dk/ | |
500 | http://mirror.uni-c.dk/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 501 | |
5df44211 | 502 | =item Finland |
4e860d0a | 503 | |
04b029fe LB |
504 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
505 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 506 | |
5df44211 | 507 | =item France |
c165c82a | 508 | |
04b029fe LB |
509 | http://cpan.enstimac.fr/ |
510 | ftp://ftp.inria.fr/pub/CPAN/ | |
511 | http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
512 | ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ | |
513 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
514 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
515 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
516 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
517 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
518 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
519 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
520 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
521 | http://cpan.cict.fr/ | |
522 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 523 | |
5df44211 | 524 | =item Germany |
c165c82a | 525 | |
04b029fe LB |
526 | ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/ |
527 | http://mirrors.softliste.de/cpan/ | |
528 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
529 | http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/ | |
530 | http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
531 | ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
532 | http://www.mirrorspace.org/cpan/ | |
533 | http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
534 | ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
535 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
536 | http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/ | |
537 | ftp://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/ | |
538 | http://mirrors.zerg.biz/cpan/ | |
539 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
540 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
541 | http://dl.ambiweb.de/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
542 | http://cpan.mirror.clusters.kg/ | |
543 | http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/ | |
544 | ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
545 | http://cpan.mirroring.de/ | |
546 | http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
547 | ftp://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
548 | http://www.chemmedia.de/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
549 | http://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
550 | ftp://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
551 | http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ | |
552 | ftp://cpan.cpantesters.org/CPAN/ | |
553 | http://cpan.mirrored.de/ | |
554 | ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/ | |
555 | http://cpan.noris.de/ | |
556 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
557 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
558 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 559 | |
5df44211 | 560 | =item Greece |
4e860d0a | 561 | |
04b029fe LB |
562 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
563 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ | |
564 | http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/ | |
565 | ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 566 | |
5df44211 | 567 | =item Hungary |
4e860d0a | 568 | |
04b029fe LB |
569 | http://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/ |
570 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/mirrors/cpan/ | |
571 | http://cpan.hu/ | |
4e860d0a | 572 | |
5df44211 | 573 | =item Iceland |
4e860d0a | 574 | |
04b029fe LB |
575 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ |
576 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 577 | |
5df44211 | 578 | =item Ireland |
4e860d0a | 579 | |
04b029fe LB |
580 | http://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
581 | ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
582 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
583 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 584 | |
5df44211 | 585 | =item Italy |
4e860d0a | 586 | |
04b029fe LB |
587 | http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/ |
588 | http://cpan.panu.it/ | |
589 | ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 590 | |
5df44211 | 591 | =item Latvia |
4e860d0a | 592 | |
04b029fe | 593 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 594 | |
5df44211 | 595 | =item Lithuania |
4e860d0a | 596 | |
04b029fe LB |
597 | http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ |
598 | ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
599 | |
600 | =item Malta | |
601 | ||
04b029fe | 602 | http://cpan.waldonet.net.mt/ |
4e860d0a | 603 | |
5df44211 | 604 | =item Netherlands |
4e860d0a | 605 | |
04b029fe LB |
606 | ftp://ftp.quicknet.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
607 | http://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/ | |
608 | ftp://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/ | |
609 | http://mirrors3.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
610 | ftp://mirrors3.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
611 | http://cpan.mirror.versatel.nl/ | |
612 | ftp://ftp.mirror.versatel.nl/cpan/ | |
613 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
614 | http://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/ | |
615 | ftp://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/ | |
616 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ | |
617 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
618 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
619 | http://luxitude.net/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 620 | |
5df44211 JH |
621 | =item Norway |
622 | ||
04b029fe LB |
623 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
624 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ | |
5df44211 JH |
625 | |
626 | =item Poland | |
627 | ||
04b029fe LB |
628 | http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
629 | ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
630 | http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN | |
631 | ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN | |
632 | ftp://ftp.ps.pl/pub/CPAN/ | |
633 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ | |
634 | ftp://ftp.tpnet.pl/d4/CPAN/ | |
5df44211 JH |
635 | |
636 | =item Portugal | |
637 | ||
04b029fe LB |
638 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ |
639 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN | |
640 | ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
641 | http://cpan.perl.pt/ | |
642 | http://cpan.ip.pt/ | |
643 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
644 | http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/CPAN/ | |
645 | ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
646 | http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/ | |
4e860d0a | 647 | |
5df44211 | 648 | =item Romania |
4e860d0a | 649 | |
04b029fe LB |
650 | http://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/ |
651 | ftp://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/ | |
652 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN | |
653 | http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/ | |
654 | http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
655 | ftp://ftp.hostingromania.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
656 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
4e860d0a | 657 | |
5df44211 | 658 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a | 659 | |
04b029fe LB |
660 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/ |
661 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/ | |
662 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
663 | ftp://ftp.SpringDaemons.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
664 | http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/ | |
665 | http://ftp.silvernet.ru/CPAN/ | |
666 | http://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/ | |
667 | ftp://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 668 | |
5df44211 | 669 | =item Slovakia |
4e860d0a | 670 | |
04b029fe | 671 | http://cpan.fyxm.net/ |
4e860d0a | 672 | |
5df44211 | 673 | =item Slovenia |
4e860d0a | 674 | |
04b029fe | 675 | http://www.klevze.si/cpan |
4e860d0a | 676 | |
5df44211 | 677 | =item Spain |
4e860d0a | 678 | |
04b029fe LB |
679 | http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/ |
680 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ | |
681 | http://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/ | |
682 | ftp://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/ | |
4e860d0a | 683 | |
5df44211 | 684 | =item Sweden |
4e860d0a | 685 | |
04b029fe LB |
686 | http://mirrors4.kernel.org/cpan/ |
687 | ftp://mirrors4.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 688 | |
5df44211 | 689 | =item Switzerland |
4e860d0a | 690 | |
04b029fe LB |
691 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/ |
692 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
693 | ftp://ftp.adwired.ch/CPAN/ | |
694 | http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/ | |
695 | ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 696 | |
5df44211 | 697 | =item Ukraine |
c165c82a | 698 | |
04b029fe LB |
699 | http://cpan.makeperl.org/ |
700 | ftp://cpan.makeperl.org/pub/CPAN | |
701 | http://cpan.org.ua/ | |
702 | http://cpan.gafol.net/ | |
703 | ftp://ftp.gafol.net/pub/cpan/ | |
c165c82a | 704 | |
5df44211 | 705 | =item United Kingdom |
d4858812 | 706 | |
04b029fe LB |
707 | http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
708 | ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
709 | http://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
710 | ftp://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
711 | http://www.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/ | |
712 | ftp://ftp.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/ | |
713 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ | |
714 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
715 | http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
716 | ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/ | |
717 | http://cpan.etla.org/ | |
718 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN | |
719 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ | |
720 | http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/ | |
721 | ftp://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
722 | http://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
723 | ftp://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
724 | http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
725 | ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
726 | http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/ | |
727 | ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
728 | http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
729 | ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/ | |
d4858812 | 730 | |
4e860d0a JH |
731 | =back |
732 | ||
733 | =head2 North America | |
734 | ||
735 | =over 4 | |
736 | ||
9d169eb4 | 737 | =item Bahamas |
5c5c2539 | 738 | |
04b029fe | 739 | http://www.securehost.com/mirror/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 | 740 | |
9d169eb4 | 741 | =item Canada |
4e860d0a | 742 | |
04b029fe LB |
743 | http://cpan.arcticnetwork.ca |
744 | ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN | |
745 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/ | |
746 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
747 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
748 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
749 | http://arwen.cs.dal.ca/mirror/CPAN/ | |
750 | ftp://arwen.cs.dal.ca/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
751 | http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/ | |
752 | ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
753 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
754 | http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
755 | ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 756 | |
5df44211 | 757 | =item Mexico |
c165c82a | 758 | |
04b029fe LB |
759 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ |
760 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 761 | |
5c5c2539 | 762 | =item United States |
d4858812 | 763 | |
7a142657 | 764 | =over 8 |
4e860d0a | 765 | |
5df44211 | 766 | =item Alabama |
4e860d0a | 767 | |
04b029fe LB |
768 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ |
769 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ | |
770 | ||
771 | =item Arizona | |
772 | ||
773 | http://cpan.ezarticleinformation.com/ | |
4e860d0a | 774 | |
5df44211 | 775 | =item California |
4e860d0a | 776 | |
04b029fe LB |
777 | http://cpan.knowledgematters.net/ |
778 | http://cpan.binkerton.com/ | |
779 | http://cpan.develooper.com/ | |
780 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN | |
781 | http://cpan.schatt.com/ | |
782 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
783 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN | |
784 | http://mirrors2.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
785 | ftp://mirrors2.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
786 | http://cpan.mirror.facebook.net/ | |
787 | http://mirrors1.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
788 | ftp://mirrors1.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
789 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/ | |
790 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
791 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 792 | |
9d169eb4 | 793 | =item Florida |
4e860d0a | 794 | |
04b029fe LB |
795 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
796 | http://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
797 | ftp://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 798 | |
9d169eb4 | 799 | =item Idaho |
4e860d0a | 800 | |
04b029fe LB |
801 | http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/cpan/ |
802 | ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 803 | |
9d169eb4 | 804 | =item Illinois |
c165c82a | 805 | |
04b029fe LB |
806 | http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/ |
807 | http://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
808 | ftp://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
809 | http://mirrors.servercentral.net/CPAN/ | |
810 | http://www.stathy.com/CPAN/ | |
811 | ftp://www.stathy.com/CPAN/ | |
c165c82a | 812 | |
5df44211 | 813 | =item Indiana |
4e860d0a | 814 | |
04b029fe LB |
815 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
816 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/ | |
817 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
818 | http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/ | |
819 | ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/ | |
4e860d0a | 820 | |
5df44211 | 821 | =item Massachusetts |
4e860d0a | 822 | |
04b029fe | 823 | http://mirrors.ccs.neu.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 824 | |
5df44211 | 825 | =item Michigan |
4e860d0a | 826 | |
04b029fe LB |
827 | http://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/ |
828 | ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 829 | |
9d169eb4 | 830 | =item Minnesota |
5c5c2539 | 831 | |
04b029fe | 832 | http://cpan.msi.umn.edu/ |
5c5c2539 | 833 | |
5df44211 | 834 | =item New Jersey |
4e860d0a | 835 | |
04b029fe LB |
836 | http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/ |
837 | ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 838 | |
5df44211 | 839 | =item New York |
4e860d0a | 840 | |
04b029fe LB |
841 | http://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/ |
842 | ftp://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
843 | http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ | |
844 | ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/ | |
845 | http://cpan.belfry.net/ | |
846 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ | |
847 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/ | |
848 | http://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
849 | ftp://cpan.hexten.net/ | |
850 | ftp://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/ | |
851 | http://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
852 | ftp://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 853 | |
5df44211 | 854 | =item North Carolina |
4e860d0a | 855 | |
04b029fe LB |
856 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN |
857 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 858 | |
5df44211 | 859 | =item Oregon |
4e860d0a | 860 | |
04b029fe LB |
861 | http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
862 | ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 863 | |
5df44211 | 864 | =item Pennsylvania |
4e860d0a | 865 | |
04b029fe LB |
866 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ |
867 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ | |
868 | http://cpan.pair.com/ | |
869 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
870 | |
871 | =item South Carolina | |
872 | ||
04b029fe | 873 | http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/ |
4e860d0a | 874 | |
5df44211 | 875 | =item Tennessee |
4e860d0a | 876 | |
04b029fe | 877 | http://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 878 | |
5df44211 | 879 | =item Texas |
4e860d0a | 880 | |
04b029fe | 881 | http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN |
4e860d0a | 882 | |
5df44211 | 883 | =item Utah |
4e860d0a | 884 | |
04b029fe | 885 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a | 886 | |
5df44211 | 887 | =item Virginia |
4e860d0a | 888 | |
04b029fe LB |
889 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/ |
890 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
891 | http://perl.secsup.org/ | |
892 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ | |
893 | ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a | 894 | |
5c5c2539 | 895 | =item Washington |
4e860d0a | 896 | |
04b029fe LB |
897 | http://cpan.llarian.net/ |
898 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
899 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
d4858812 | 900 | |
5df44211 | 901 | =item Wisconsin |
d4858812 | 902 | |
04b029fe LB |
903 | http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net |
904 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN | |
905 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
906 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
907 | |
908 | =back | |
909 | ||
5c5c2539 JH |
910 | =back |
911 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
912 | =head2 Oceania |
913 | ||
914 | =over 4 | |
915 | ||
5df44211 | 916 | =item Australia |
4e860d0a | 917 | |
04b029fe LB |
918 | http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/ |
919 | ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/ | |
920 | http://cpan.mirror.aussiehq.net.au/ | |
921 | http://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/ | |
922 | ftp://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/ | |
4e860d0a | 923 | |
5df44211 | 924 | =item New Zealand |
d4858812 | 925 | |
04b029fe LB |
926 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
927 | http://cpan.inspire.net.nz | |
928 | ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan | |
929 | http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/ | |
930 | ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/ | |
4e860d0a JH |
931 | |
932 | =back | |
933 | ||
934 | =head2 South America | |
935 | ||
936 | =over 4 | |
937 | ||
5df44211 | 938 | =item Argentina |
4e860d0a | 939 | |
04b029fe LB |
940 | http://cpan.patan.com.ar/ |
941 | http://cpan.localhost.net.ar | |
942 | ftp://mirrors.localhost.net.ar/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
4e860d0a | 943 | |
5df44211 | 944 | =item Brazil |
4e860d0a | 945 | |
04b029fe LB |
946 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ |
947 | http://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN | |
948 | ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN | |
949 | http://cpan.kinghost.net/ | |
4e860d0a | 950 | |
5df44211 | 951 | =item Chile |
4e860d0a | 952 | |
04b029fe LB |
953 | http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/ |
954 | ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/ | |
9d169eb4 LB |
955 | |
956 | =item Colombia | |
957 | ||
04b029fe | 958 | http://www.laqee.unal.edu.co/CPAN/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
959 | |
960 | =back | |
961 | ||
5df44211 JH |
962 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors |
963 | ||
9d169eb4 LB |
964 | mirror.as24220.net::cpan |
965 | cpan.inode.at::CPAN | |
966 | gd.tuwien.ac.at::CPAN | |
967 | ftp.belnet.be::packages/cpan | |
968 | rsync.linorg.usp.br::CPAN | |
969 | rsync.arcticnetwork.ca::CPAN | |
970 | CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca::CPAN | |
971 | mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 972 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
973 | www.laqee.unal.edu.co::CPAN |
974 | mirror.uni-c.dk::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 975 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN |
9d169eb4 | 976 | rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/ |
7a142657 | 977 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
978 | miroir-francais.fr::cpan |
979 | ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN | |
980 | rsync://mirror.cict.fr/cpan/ | |
981 | rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/ | |
982 | ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de::CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 983 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
9d169eb4 LB |
984 | cpan.mirror.iphh.net::CPAN |
985 | cpan.cpantesters.org::cpan | |
986 | cpan.hu::CPAN | |
987 | komo.vlsm.org::CPAN | |
988 | mirror.unej.ac.id::cpan | |
989 | ftp.esat.net::/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
990 | ftp.heanet.ie::mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
991 | rsync.panu.it::CPAN | |
992 | cpan.fastbull.org::CPAN | |
993 | ftp.kddilabs.jp::cpan | |
994 | ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp::cpan/ | |
995 | rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/ | |
996 | rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/ | |
997 | mirror.linuxiso.kz::CPAN | |
998 | rsync://mirrors3.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
999 | rsync://rsync.osmirror.nl/cpan/ | |
1000 | mirror.leaseweb.com::CPAN | |
1001 | cpan.nautile.nc::CPAN | |
1002 | mirror.icis.pcz.pl::CPAN | |
1003 | piotrkosoft.net::mirrors/CPAN | |
1004 | rsync://cpan.perl.pt/ | |
1005 | ftp.kaist.ac.kr::cpan | |
1006 | cpan.sarang.net::CPAN | |
7a142657 JH |
1007 | mirror.averse.net::cpan |
1008 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org | |
9d169eb4 LB |
1009 | mirror.ac.za::cpan |
1010 | ftp.is.co.za::IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1011 | rsync://ftp.gui.uva.es/cpan/ | |
1012 | rsync://mirrors4.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1013 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1014 | ftp.ulak.net.tr::CPAN |
1015 | gafol.net::cpan | |
1016 | rsync.mirrorservice.org::ftp.funet.fi/pub/ | |
1017 | rsync://rsync.mirror.8086.net/CPAN/ | |
1018 | rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN | |
1019 | mirror.bytemark.co.uk::CPAN | |
1020 | ftp.plig.net::CPAN | |
1021 | rsync://ftp.ticklers.org:CPAN/ | |
1022 | mirrors.ibiblio.org::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 1023 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1024 | mirror.hiwaay.net::CPAN |
1025 | rsync://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/ | |
1026 | cpan.mirrors.tds.net::CPAN | |
1027 | mirror.its.uidaho.edu::cpan | |
1028 | rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu::cpan/ | |
1029 | ftp.fxcorporate.com::CPAN | |
1030 | rsync.atlantic.net::CPAN | |
7a142657 | 1031 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN |
9d169eb4 | 1032 | rsync://mirrors2.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ |
7a142657 | 1033 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN |
9d169eb4 LB |
1034 | rsync://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/ |
1035 | rsync://mirror.facebook.net/cpan/ | |
1036 | rsync://mirrors1.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
7a142657 | 1037 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN |
5df44211 | 1038 | |
2e1d04bc | 1039 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, |
4e860d0a | 1040 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . |
2e1d04bc JH |
1041 | |
1042 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse | |
1043 | ||
1044 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules | |
1045 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) | |
1046 | ||
1047 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a | |
1048 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a | |
1049 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be | |
1050 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its | |
1051 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), | |
1052 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). | |
1053 | ||
1054 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same | |
1055 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be | |
1056 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of | |
1057 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be | |
1058 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module | |
1059 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on | |
1060 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to | |
82e1c0d9 | 1061 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perlobj>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about |
2e1d04bc JH |
1062 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
1063 | ||
1064 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation | |
1065 | ||
1066 | =over 4 | |
1067 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1068 | =item * |
1069 | ||
1070 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1071 | |
1072 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or | |
1073 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not | |
1074 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on | |
1075 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. | |
1076 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing | |
1077 | with command line options. | |
1078 | ||
1079 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of | |
1080 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It | |
1081 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction | |
1082 | scheme as the original author. | |
1083 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1084 | =item * |
1085 | ||
1086 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1087 | |
1088 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>). | |
1089 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1090 | of code that need less warnings. | |
1091 | ||
1092 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless | |
1093 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, | |
1094 | e.g.,: | |
1095 | ||
1096 | sub new { | |
1097 | my $class = shift; | |
1098 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1099 | } | |
1100 | ||
1101 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static | |
1102 | or a virtual method. | |
1103 | ||
1104 | sub new { | |
1105 | my $self = shift; | |
1106 | my $class = ref($self) || $self; | |
1107 | return bless {}, $class; | |
1108 | } | |
1109 | ||
1110 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later | |
1111 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where | |
1112 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. | |
1113 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. | |
1114 | ||
1115 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>. | |
1116 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all. | |
1117 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired | |
1118 | class names as far as possible. | |
1119 | ||
1120 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and | |
82e1c0d9 | 1121 | C<< $r->func() >> would work. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1122 | |
1123 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a | |
1124 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to | |
1125 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying: | |
1126 | ||
1127 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); | |
1128 | ||
1129 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say | |
1130 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able | |
1131 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example, | |
63acfd00 | 1132 | does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >> |
1133 | into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1134 | |
1135 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it | |
1136 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state | |
1137 | information in objects. | |
1138 | ||
1139 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1140 | ||
1141 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>). | |
1142 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks | |
1143 | of code that need less strictness. | |
1144 | ||
1145 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1146 | ||
ba555bf5 | 1147 | Follow the guidelines in L<perlstyle>. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1148 | |
1149 | Always use B<-w>. | |
1150 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1151 | =item * |
1152 | ||
1153 | Some simple style guidelines | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1154 | |
1155 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. | |
1156 | ||
1157 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their | |
1158 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and | |
1159 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that | |
1160 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: | |
1161 | ||
1162 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read | |
1163 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for | |
1164 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works | |
1165 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS. | |
1166 | ||
1167 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally | |
1168 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer | |
1169 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and | |
1170 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). | |
1171 | ||
1172 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope | |
1173 | or nature of a variable. For example: | |
1174 | ||
1175 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) | |
1176 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static | |
1177 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables | |
1178 | ||
1179 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. | |
1180 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. | |
1181 | ||
1182 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or | |
1183 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. | |
1184 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1185 | =item * |
1186 | ||
1187 | Select what to export. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1188 | |
1189 | Do NOT export method names! | |
1190 | ||
1191 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason! | |
1192 | ||
1193 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must | |
1194 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid | |
1195 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the | |
1198 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) | |
1199 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to | |
1200 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. | |
1201 | ||
1202 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: | |
1203 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that | |
1204 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol | |
1205 | table.) | |
1206 | ||
1207 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented | |
1208 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then | |
1209 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. | |
1210 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1211 | =item * |
1212 | ||
1213 | Select a name for the module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1214 | |
1215 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as | |
1216 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or | |
1217 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special | |
1218 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use | |
1219 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. | |
1220 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. | |
1221 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. | |
1222 | ||
1223 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone | |
1224 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). | |
1225 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. | |
1226 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc. | |
1227 | ||
1228 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good | |
1229 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will | |
1230 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, | |
1231 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. | |
1232 | ||
1233 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's | |
1234 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in | |
1235 | those modules. | |
1236 | ||
4844a3be SP |
1237 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, |
1238 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure | |
1239 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You | |
1240 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by | |
1241 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. | |
1242 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1243 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to |
1244 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is | |
1245 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. | |
1246 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1247 | =item * |
1248 | ||
1249 | Have you got it right? | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1250 | |
1251 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you | |
1252 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have | |
1253 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? | |
1254 | ||
1255 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, | |
1256 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about | |
1257 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask. | |
1258 | ||
1259 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its | |
1260 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is | |
1261 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored | |
1262 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!) | |
1263 | ||
1264 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be | |
1265 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting | |
1266 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! | |
1267 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1268 | =item * |
1269 | ||
1270 | README and other Additional Files. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1271 | |
1272 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the | |
1273 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of | |
1274 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full | |
1275 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing: | |
1276 | ||
1277 | =over 10 | |
1278 | ||
1279 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1280 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1281 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. |
1282 | ||
1283 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1284 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1285 | A copyright notice - see below. |
1286 | ||
1287 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1288 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1289 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. |
1290 | ||
1291 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1292 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1293 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. |
1294 | ||
1295 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1296 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1297 | How to install it. |
1298 | ||
1299 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1300 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1301 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities |
1302 | ||
1303 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1304 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1305 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. |
1306 | ||
1307 | =back | |
1308 | ||
1309 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to | |
1310 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL, | |
1311 | Copying, ToDo etc. | |
1312 | ||
1313 | =over 4 | |
1314 | ||
c165c82a | 1315 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1316 | |
c165c82a | 1317 | Adding a Copyright Notice. |
ac634a9a | 1318 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1319 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. |
1320 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make | |
1321 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. | |
1322 | ||
2a551100 JH |
1323 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL |
1324 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, | |
1325 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT | |
1326 | just using the GNU GPL. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1327 | |
1328 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the | |
1329 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: | |
1330 | ||
1331 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. | |
1332 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
1333 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
1334 | ||
1335 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may | |
1336 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. | |
1337 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. | |
1338 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1339 | =item * |
1340 | ||
1341 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1342 | |
1343 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you | |
1344 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package | |
f39335f9 | 1345 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a positive floating point |
2e1d04bc JH |
1346 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, |
1347 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version. | |
1348 | See L<Exporter> for details. | |
1349 | ||
1350 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. | |
1351 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when | |
1352 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). | |
1353 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. | |
1354 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1355 | =item * |
1356 | ||
1357 | How to release and distribute a module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1358 | |
1359 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your | |
1360 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce | |
1361 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off | |
1362 | distribution. | |
1363 | ||
1364 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should | |
1365 | include details of its location in your announcement. | |
1366 | ||
1367 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file | |
1368 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories | |
1369 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your | |
1370 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification | |
1371 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get | |
1372 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed | |
1373 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its | |
1374 | location. | |
1375 | ||
1376 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules: | |
1377 | ||
1378 | Follow the instructions and links on: | |
1379 | ||
4e860d0a JH |
1380 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html |
1381 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1382 | |
1383 | or upload to one of these sites: | |
1384 | ||
1385 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ | |
e59066d8 | 1386 | http://pause.perl.org/ |
2e1d04bc JH |
1387 | |
1388 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. | |
1389 | ||
1390 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror | |
1391 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on | |
1392 | CPAN! | |
1393 | ||
1394 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! | |
1395 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1396 | =item * |
1397 | ||
1398 | Take care when changing a released module. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1399 | |
1400 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. | |
1401 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the | |
1402 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. | |
1403 | ||
1404 | =back | |
1405 | ||
abf06cc1 MS |
1406 | =back |
1407 | ||
2e1d04bc JH |
1408 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules |
1409 | ||
1410 | =over 4 | |
1411 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1412 | =item * |
1413 | ||
1414 | There is no requirement to convert anything. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1415 | |
1416 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should | |
1417 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor | |
1418 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but | |
1419 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. | |
1420 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1421 | =item * |
1422 | ||
1423 | Consider the implications. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1424 | |
1425 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to | |
1426 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is | |
1427 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? | |
1428 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1429 | =item * |
1430 | ||
1431 | Make the most of the opportunity. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1432 | |
1433 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the | |
1434 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module | |
1435 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. | |
1436 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1437 | =item * |
1438 | ||
1439 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1440 | |
1441 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write | |
1442 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: | |
1443 | ||
1444 | =over 10 | |
1445 | ||
1446 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1447 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1448 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines |
1449 | ||
1450 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1451 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1452 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: |
1453 | ||
1454 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1455 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1456 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) |
1457 | ||
1458 | =item * | |
ac634a9a | 1459 | |
2e1d04bc JH |
1460 | Several other minor changes |
1461 | ||
1462 | =back | |
1463 | ||
1464 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted | |
1465 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. | |
1466 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! | |
1467 | ||
1468 | =back | |
1469 | ||
1470 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code | |
1471 | ||
1472 | =over 4 | |
1473 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1474 | =item * |
1475 | ||
1476 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. | |
1477 | ||
1478 | =item * | |
2e1d04bc | 1479 | |
ac634a9a | 1480 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. |
2e1d04bc JH |
1481 | |
1482 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy | |
1483 | to reuse. | |
1484 | ||
ac634a9a JH |
1485 | =item * |
1486 | ||
1487 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. | |
1488 | ||
1489 | =item * | |
1490 | ||
1491 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. | |
2e1d04bc | 1492 | |
ac634a9a | 1493 | =item * |
2e1d04bc | 1494 | |
ac634a9a | 1495 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small |
2e1d04bc JH |
1496 | |
1497 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases | |
1498 | the application could invoked as: | |
1499 | ||
1500 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... | |
1501 | or | |
1502 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) | |
1503 | ||
1504 | =back | |
1505 | ||
1506 | =head1 NOTE | |
1507 | ||
1508 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may | |
1509 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl | |
1510 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer | |
1511 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not | |
1512 | because it has a shotgun. | |
1513 | ||
1514 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, | |
1515 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is | |
1516 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The | |
1517 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other | |
1518 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that | |
1519 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. | |
d72ea276 NC |
1520 | |
1521 | =cut | |
2e1d04bc | 1522 | |
f556af6c | 1523 | read_only_bottom_close_and_rename($out); |