Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
8990e307 | 1 | package AutoLoader; |
21c92a1d | 2 | |
04c1a02b | 3 | use strict; |
3b825e41 | 4 | use 5.006_001; |
04c1a02b | 5 | |
6 | our($VERSION, $AUTOLOAD); | |
f06db76b | 7 | |
adaafad2 | 8 | my $is_dosish; |
ed79a026 | 9 | my $is_epoc; |
adaafad2 | 10 | my $is_vms; |
084592ab | 11 | my $is_macos; |
adaafad2 | 12 | |
1be0b951 | 13 | BEGIN { |
2986a63f | 14 | $is_dosish = $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'NetWare'; |
ed79a026 | 15 | $is_epoc = $^O eq 'epoc'; |
adaafad2 | 16 | $is_vms = $^O eq 'VMS'; |
084592ab | 17 | $is_macos = $^O eq 'MacOS'; |
6ada912c | 18 | $VERSION = '5.67'; |
1be0b951 | 19 | } |
f06db76b | 20 | |
8990e307 | 21 | AUTOLOAD { |
7d4fbd98 | 22 | my $sub = $AUTOLOAD; |
00bb01c7 | 23 | my $filename = AutoLoader::find_filename( $sub ); |
24 | ||
25 | my $save = $@; | |
26 | local $!; # Do not munge the value. | |
27 | eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename }; | |
28 | if ($@) { | |
29 | if (substr($sub,-9) eq '::DESTROY') { | |
30 | no strict 'refs'; | |
31 | *$sub = sub {}; | |
32 | $@ = undef; | |
33 | } elsif ($@ =~ /^Can't locate/) { | |
34 | # The load might just have failed because the filename was too | |
35 | # long for some old SVR3 systems which treat long names as errors. | |
36 | # If we can successfully truncate a long name then it's worth a go. | |
37 | # There is a slight risk that we could pick up the wrong file here | |
38 | # but autosplit should have warned about that when splitting. | |
39 | if ($filename =~ s/(\w{12,})\.al$/substr($1,0,11).".al"/e){ | |
40 | eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require $filename }; | |
41 | } | |
42 | } | |
43 | if ($@){ | |
44 | $@ =~ s/ at .*\n//; | |
45 | my $error = $@; | |
46 | require Carp; | |
47 | Carp::croak($error); | |
48 | } | |
49 | } | |
50 | $@ = $save; | |
51 | goto &$sub; | |
52 | } | |
53 | ||
00bb01c7 | 54 | sub find_filename { |
55 | my $sub = shift; | |
7d4fbd98 | 56 | my $filename; |
5a556d17 NIS |
57 | # Braces used to preserve $1 et al. |
58 | { | |
adaafad2 GS |
59 | # Try to find the autoloaded file from the package-qualified |
60 | # name of the sub. e.g., if the sub needed is | |
61 | # Getopt::Long::GetOptions(), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is | |
62 | # something like '/usr/lib/perl5/Getopt/Long.pm', and the | |
63 | # autoload file is '/usr/lib/perl5/auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al'. | |
64 | # | |
65 | # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If, | |
66 | # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then $INC{Getopt/Long.pm} is | |
67 | # 'lib/Getopt/Long.pm', and we want to require | |
68 | # 'auto/Getopt/Long/GetOptions.al' (without the leading 'lib'). | |
69 | # In this case, we simple prepend the 'auto/' and let the | |
70 | # C<require> take care of the searching for us. | |
71 | ||
7d4fbd98 | 72 | my ($pkg,$func) = ($sub =~ /(.*)::([^:]+)$/); |
adaafad2 | 73 | $pkg =~ s#::#/#g; |
7d4fbd98 | 74 | if (defined($filename = $INC{"$pkg.pm"})) { |
084592ab CN |
75 | if ($is_macos) { |
76 | $pkg =~ tr#/#:#; | |
017a05de S |
77 | $filename = undef |
78 | unless $filename =~ s#^(.*)$pkg\.pm\z#$1auto:$pkg:$func.al#s; | |
084592ab | 79 | } else { |
017a05de S |
80 | $filename = undef |
81 | unless $filename =~ s#^(.*)$pkg\.pm\z#$1auto/$pkg/$func.al#s; | |
084592ab | 82 | } |
adaafad2 GS |
83 | |
84 | # if the file exists, then make sure that it is a | |
85 | # a fully anchored path (i.e either '/usr/lib/auto/foo/bar.al', | |
86 | # or './lib/auto/foo/bar.al'. This avoids C<require> searching | |
87 | # (and failing) to find the 'lib/auto/foo/bar.al' because it | |
88 | # looked for 'lib/lib/auto/foo/bar.al', given @INC = ('lib'). | |
89 | ||
3256a4f8 | 90 | if (defined $filename and -r $filename) { |
14a089c5 | 91 | unless ($filename =~ m|^/|s) { |
adaafad2 | 92 | if ($is_dosish) { |
14a089c5 | 93 | unless ($filename =~ m{^([a-z]:)?[\\/]}is) { |
00bb01c7 | 94 | if ($^O ne 'NetWare') { |
95 | $filename = "./$filename"; | |
96 | } else { | |
97 | $filename = "$filename"; | |
98 | } | |
adaafad2 GS |
99 | } |
100 | } | |
ed79a026 OF |
101 | elsif ($is_epoc) { |
102 | unless ($filename =~ m{^([a-z?]:)?[\\/]}is) { | |
103 | $filename = "./$filename"; | |
104 | } | |
4d6b4052 JH |
105 | } |
106 | elsif ($is_vms) { | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
107 | # XXX todo by VMSmiths |
108 | $filename = "./$filename"; | |
adaafad2 | 109 | } |
084592ab | 110 | elsif (!$is_macos) { |
7d4fbd98 | 111 | $filename = "./$filename"; |
adaafad2 GS |
112 | } |
113 | } | |
114 | } | |
115 | else { | |
7d4fbd98 | 116 | $filename = undef; |
adaafad2 GS |
117 | } |
118 | } | |
7d4fbd98 | 119 | unless (defined $filename) { |
adaafad2 | 120 | # let C<require> do the searching |
7d4fbd98 GS |
121 | $filename = "auto/$sub.al"; |
122 | $filename =~ s#::#/#g; | |
adaafad2 | 123 | } |
5a556d17 | 124 | } |
00bb01c7 | 125 | return $filename; |
8990e307 | 126 | } |
1be0b951 | 127 | |
c2960299 | 128 | sub import { |
1be0b951 CS |
129 | my $pkg = shift; |
130 | my $callpkg = caller; | |
131 | ||
132 | # | |
133 | # Export symbols, but not by accident of inheritance. | |
134 | # | |
135 | ||
e3d0cac0 | 136 | if ($pkg eq 'AutoLoader') { |
00bb01c7 | 137 | if ( @_ and $_[0] =~ /^&?AUTOLOAD$/ ) { |
138 | no strict 'refs'; | |
139 | *{ $callpkg . '::AUTOLOAD' } = \&AUTOLOAD; | |
00bb01c7 | 140 | } |
e3d0cac0 | 141 | } |
1be0b951 CS |
142 | |
143 | # | |
c2960299 AD |
144 | # Try to find the autosplit index file. Eg., if the call package |
145 | # is POSIX, then $INC{POSIX.pm} is something like | |
146 | # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm', and the autosplit index file is in | |
147 | # '/usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix', so we require that. | |
148 | # | |
149 | # However, if @INC is a relative path, this might not work. If, | |
150 | # for example, @INC = ('lib'), then | |
151 | # $INC{POSIX.pm} is 'lib/POSIX.pm', and we want to require | |
152 | # 'auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix' (without the leading 'lib'). | |
153 | # | |
1be0b951 | 154 | |
1c1c7f20 | 155 | (my $calldir = $callpkg) =~ s#::#/#g; |
1be0b951 CS |
156 | my $path = $INC{$calldir . '.pm'}; |
157 | if (defined($path)) { | |
6ada912c S |
158 | # Try absolute path name, but only eval it if the |
159 | # transformation from module path to autosplit.ix path | |
160 | # succeeded! | |
161 | my $replaced_okay; | |
4d6b4052 JH |
162 | if ($is_macos) { |
163 | (my $malldir = $calldir) =~ tr#/#:#; | |
6ada912c | 164 | $replaced_okay = ($path =~ s#^(.*)$malldir\.pm\z#$1auto:$malldir:autosplit.ix#s); |
4d6b4052 | 165 | } else { |
6ada912c | 166 | $replaced_okay = ($path =~ s#^(.*)$calldir\.pm\z#$1auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix#); |
4d6b4052 JH |
167 | } |
168 | ||
6ada912c | 169 | eval { require $path; } if $replaced_okay; |
c2960299 | 170 | # If that failed, try relative path with normal @INC searching. |
6ada912c | 171 | if (!$replaced_okay or $@) { |
1be0b951 | 172 | $path ="auto/$calldir/autosplit.ix"; |
c2960299 AD |
173 | eval { require $path; }; |
174 | } | |
fb73857a | 175 | if ($@) { |
176 | my $error = $@; | |
177 | require Carp; | |
178 | Carp::carp($error); | |
179 | } | |
f06db76b | 180 | } |
f06db76b | 181 | } |
8990e307 | 182 | |
cb0cff20 | 183 | sub unimport { |
7412bda7 | 184 | my $callpkg = caller; |
185 | ||
186 | no strict 'refs'; | |
00bb01c7 | 187 | |
536daee0 | 188 | for my $exported (qw( AUTOLOAD )) { |
00bb01c7 | 189 | my $symname = $callpkg . '::' . $exported; |
190 | undef *{ $symname } if \&{ $symname } == \&{ $exported }; | |
191 | *{ $symname } = \&{ $symname }; | |
192 | } | |
cb0cff20 JH |
193 | } |
194 | ||
8990e307 | 195 | 1; |
1be0b951 CS |
196 | |
197 | __END__ | |
198 | ||
199 | =head1 NAME | |
200 | ||
201 | AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand | |
202 | ||
203 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
204 | ||
205 | package Foo; | |
206 | use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD'; # import the default AUTOLOAD subroutine | |
207 | ||
208 | package Bar; | |
209 | use AutoLoader; # don't import AUTOLOAD, define our own | |
210 | sub AUTOLOAD { | |
211 | ... | |
212 | $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = "..."; | |
213 | goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD; | |
214 | } | |
215 | ||
216 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
217 | ||
218 | The B<AutoLoader> module works with the B<AutoSplit> module and the | |
219 | C<__END__> token to defer the loading of some subroutines until they are | |
220 | used rather than loading them all at once. | |
221 | ||
222 | To use B<AutoLoader>, the author of a module has to place the | |
223 | definitions of subroutines to be autoloaded after an C<__END__> token. | |
224 | (See L<perldata>.) The B<AutoSplit> module can then be run manually to | |
225 | extract the definitions into individual files F<auto/funcname.al>. | |
226 | ||
227 | B<AutoLoader> implements an AUTOLOAD subroutine. When an undefined | |
228 | subroutine in is called in a client module of B<AutoLoader>, | |
229 | B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine attempts to locate the subroutine in a | |
230 | file with a name related to the location of the file from which the | |
231 | client module was read. As an example, if F<POSIX.pm> is located in | |
232 | F</usr/local/lib/perl5/POSIX.pm>, B<AutoLoader> will look for perl | |
233 | subroutines B<POSIX> in F</usr/local/lib/perl5/auto/POSIX/*.al>, where | |
234 | the C<.al> file has the same name as the subroutine, sans package. If | |
235 | such a file exists, AUTOLOAD will read and evaluate it, | |
236 | thus (presumably) defining the needed subroutine. AUTOLOAD will then | |
237 | C<goto> the newly defined subroutine. | |
238 | ||
f610777f | 239 | Once this process completes for a given function, it is defined, so |
1be0b951 CS |
240 | future calls to the subroutine will bypass the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
241 | ||
242 | =head2 Subroutine Stubs | |
243 | ||
244 | In order for object method lookup and/or prototype checking to operate | |
245 | correctly even when methods have not yet been defined it is necessary to | |
246 | "forward declare" each subroutine (as in C<sub NAME;>). See | |
247 | L<perlsub/"SYNOPSIS">. Such forward declaration creates "subroutine | |
248 | stubs", which are place holders with no code. | |
249 | ||
250 | The AutoSplit and B<AutoLoader> modules automate the creation of forward | |
251 | declarations. The AutoSplit module creates an 'index' file containing | |
252 | forward declarations of all the AutoSplit subroutines. When the | |
253 | AutoLoader module is 'use'd it loads these declarations into its callers | |
254 | package. | |
255 | ||
256 | Because of this mechanism it is important that B<AutoLoader> is always | |
257 | C<use>d and not C<require>d. | |
258 | ||
259 | =head2 Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine | |
260 | ||
261 | In order to use B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine you I<must> | |
262 | explicitly import it: | |
263 | ||
264 | use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD'; | |
265 | ||
266 | =head2 Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine | |
267 | ||
268 | Some modules, mainly extensions, provide their own AUTOLOAD subroutines. | |
269 | They typically need to check for some special cases (such as constants) | |
270 | and then fallback to B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD for the rest. | |
271 | ||
272 | Such modules should I<not> import B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD subroutine. | |
273 | Instead, they should define their own AUTOLOAD subroutines along these | |
274 | lines: | |
275 | ||
276 | use AutoLoader; | |
fb73857a | 277 | use Carp; |
1be0b951 CS |
278 | |
279 | sub AUTOLOAD { | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
280 | my $sub = $AUTOLOAD; |
281 | (my $constname = $sub) =~ s/.*:://; | |
1be0b951 CS |
282 | my $val = constant($constname, @_ ? $_[0] : 0); |
283 | if ($! != 0) { | |
265f5c4a | 284 | if ($! =~ /Invalid/ || $!{EINVAL}) { |
7d4fbd98 | 285 | $AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD = $sub; |
1be0b951 CS |
286 | goto &AutoLoader::AUTOLOAD; |
287 | } | |
288 | else { | |
289 | croak "Your vendor has not defined constant $constname"; | |
290 | } | |
291 | } | |
7d4fbd98 GS |
292 | *$sub = sub { $val }; # same as: eval "sub $sub { $val }"; |
293 | goto &$sub; | |
1be0b951 CS |
294 | } |
295 | ||
296 | If any module's own AUTOLOAD subroutine has no need to fallback to the | |
297 | AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD subroutine (because it doesn't have any AutoSplit | |
298 | subroutines), then that module should not use B<AutoLoader> at all. | |
299 | ||
300 | =head2 Package Lexicals | |
301 | ||
302 | Package lexicals declared with C<my> in the main block of a package | |
303 | using B<AutoLoader> will not be visible to auto-loaded subroutines, due to | |
304 | the fact that the given scope ends at the C<__END__> marker. A module | |
305 | using such variables as package globals will not work properly under the | |
306 | B<AutoLoader>. | |
307 | ||
308 | The C<vars> pragma (see L<perlmod/"vars">) may be used in such | |
309 | situations as an alternative to explicitly qualifying all globals with | |
310 | the package namespace. Variables pre-declared with this pragma will be | |
311 | visible to any autoloaded routines (but will not be invisible outside | |
312 | the package, unfortunately). | |
313 | ||
cb0cff20 JH |
314 | =head2 Not Using AutoLoader |
315 | ||
316 | You can stop using AutoLoader by simply | |
317 | ||
318 | no AutoLoader; | |
319 | ||
1be0b951 CS |
320 | =head2 B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> |
321 | ||
322 | The B<AutoLoader> is similar in purpose to B<SelfLoader>: both delay the | |
323 | loading of subroutines. | |
324 | ||
325 | B<SelfLoader> uses the C<__DATA__> marker rather than C<__END__>. | |
326 | While this avoids the use of a hierarchy of disk files and the | |
327 | associated open/close for each routine loaded, B<SelfLoader> suffers a | |
328 | startup speed disadvantage in the one-time parsing of the lines after | |
329 | C<__DATA__>, after which routines are cached. B<SelfLoader> can also | |
330 | handle multiple packages in a file. | |
331 | ||
332 | B<AutoLoader> only reads code as it is requested, and in many cases | |
f610777f | 333 | should be faster, but requires a mechanism like B<AutoSplit> be used to |
1be0b951 CS |
334 | create the individual files. L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> will invoke |
335 | B<AutoSplit> automatically if B<AutoLoader> is used in a module source | |
336 | file. | |
337 | ||
338 | =head1 CAVEATS | |
339 | ||
340 | AutoLoaders prior to Perl 5.002 had a slightly different interface. Any | |
341 | old modules which use B<AutoLoader> should be changed to the new calling | |
342 | style. Typically this just means changing a require to a use, adding | |
343 | the explicit C<'AUTOLOAD'> import if needed, and removing B<AutoLoader> | |
344 | from C<@ISA>. | |
345 | ||
346 | On systems with restrictions on file name length, the file corresponding | |
347 | to a subroutine may have a shorter name that the routine itself. This | |
348 | can lead to conflicting file names. The I<AutoSplit> package warns of | |
349 | these potential conflicts when used to split a module. | |
350 | ||
adaafad2 GS |
351 | AutoLoader may fail to find the autosplit files (or even find the wrong |
352 | ones) in cases where C<@INC> contains relative paths, B<and> the program | |
353 | does C<chdir>. | |
354 | ||
1be0b951 CS |
355 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
356 | ||
357 | L<SelfLoader> - an autoloader that doesn't use external files. | |
358 | ||
7a752413 SP |
359 | =head1 AUTHOR |
360 | ||
361 | C<AutoLoader> is maintained by the perl5-porters. Please direct | |
362 | any questions to the canonical mailing list. Anything that | |
363 | is applicable to the CPAN release can be sent to its maintainer, | |
364 | though. | |
365 | ||
366 | Author and Maintainer: The Perl5-Porters <perl5-porters@perl.org> | |
367 | ||
368 | Maintainer of the CPAN release: Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org> | |
369 | ||
370 | =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE | |
371 | ||
372 | This package has been part of the perl core since the first release | |
373 | of perl5. It has been released separately to CPAN so older installations | |
374 | can benefit from bug fixes. | |
375 | ||
376 | This package has the same copyright and license as the perl core: | |
377 | ||
378 | Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, | |
79706302 SP |
379 | 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 |
380 | by Larry Wall and others | |
7a752413 SP |
381 | |
382 | All rights reserved. | |
383 | ||
384 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
385 | it under the terms of either: | |
386 | ||
387 | a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free | |
388 | Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any | |
389 | later version, or | |
390 | ||
391 | b) the "Artistic License" which comes with this Kit. | |
392 | ||
393 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
394 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
395 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See either | |
396 | the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License for more details. | |
397 | ||
398 | You should have received a copy of the Artistic License with this | |
399 | Kit, in the file named "Artistic". If not, I'll be glad to provide one. | |
400 | ||
401 | You should also have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
402 | along with this program in the file named "Copying". If not, write to the | |
403 | Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA | |
404 | 02111-1307, USA or visit their web page on the internet at | |
405 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. | |
406 | ||
407 | For those of you that choose to use the GNU General Public License, | |
408 | my interpretation of the GNU General Public License is that no Perl | |
409 | script falls under the terms of the GPL unless you explicitly put | |
410 | said script under the terms of the GPL yourself. Furthermore, any | |
411 | object code linked with perl does not automatically fall under the | |
412 | terms of the GPL, provided such object code only adds definitions | |
413 | of subroutines and variables, and does not otherwise impair the | |
414 | resulting interpreter from executing any standard Perl script. I | |
415 | consider linking in C subroutines in this manner to be the moral | |
416 | equivalent of defining subroutines in the Perl language itself. You | |
417 | may sell such an object file as proprietary provided that you provide | |
418 | or offer to provide the Perl source, as specified by the GNU General | |
419 | Public License. (This is merely an alternate way of specifying input | |
420 | to the program.) You may also sell a binary produced by the dumping of | |
421 | a running Perl script that belongs to you, provided that you provide or | |
422 | offer to provide the Perl source as specified by the GPL. (The | |
423 | fact that a Perl interpreter and your code are in the same binary file | |
424 | is, in this case, a form of mere aggregation.) This is my interpretation | |
425 | of the GPL. If you still have concerns or difficulties understanding | |
426 | my intent, feel free to contact me. Of course, the Artistic License | |
427 | spells all this out for your protection, so you may prefer to use that. | |
428 | ||
1be0b951 | 429 | =cut |