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1 | # vim: syntax=pod |
2 | ||
d420ca49 AD |
3 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you |
4 | see. It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is | |
5 | specifically designed to be readable as is. | |
6 | ||
7 | =head1 NAME | |
8 | ||
de2902a6 | 9 | perlsolaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems |
d420ca49 AD |
10 | |
11 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
12 | ||
13 | This document describes various features of Sun's Solaris operating system | |
14 | that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just perl) is | |
15 | compiled and/or runs. Some issues relating to the older SunOS 4.x are | |
16 | also discussed, though they may be out of date. | |
17 | ||
18 | For the most part, everything should just work. | |
19 | ||
20 | Starting with Solaris 8, perl5.00503 (or higher) is supplied with the | |
21 | operating system, so you might not even need to build a newer version | |
22 | of perl at all. The Sun-supplied version is installed in /usr/perl5 | |
635d4d9b | 23 | with F</usr/bin/perl> pointing to F</usr/perl5/bin/perl>. Do not disturb |
2a5ccb22 | 24 | that installation unless you really know what you are doing. If you |
43857681 AB |
25 | remove the perl supplied with the OS, you will render some bits of |
26 | your system inoperable. If you wish to install a newer version of perl, | |
27 | install it under a different prefix from /usr/perl5. Common prefixes | |
28 | to use are /usr/local and /opt/perl. | |
2a5ccb22 LC |
29 | |
30 | You may wish to put your version of perl in the PATH of all users by | |
635d4d9b | 31 | changing the link F</usr/bin/perl>. This is probably OK, as most perl |
b9b9bf5a | 32 | scripts shipped with Solaris use an explicit path. (There are a few |
635d4d9b | 33 | exceptions, such as F</usr/bin/rpm2cpio> and F</etc/rcm/scripts/README>, but |
b9b9bf5a AD |
34 | these are also sufficiently generic that the actual version of perl |
35 | probably doesn't matter too much.) | |
36 | ||
37 | Solaris ships with a range of Solaris-specific modules. If you choose | |
38 | to install your own version of perl you will find the source of many of | |
39 | these modules is available on CPAN under the Sun::Solaris:: namespace. | |
43857681 AB |
40 | |
41 | Solaris may include two versions of perl, e.g. Solaris 9 includes | |
42 | both 5.005_03 and 5.6.1. This is to provide stability across Solaris | |
43 | releases, in cases where a later perl version has incompatibilities | |
f858446f | 44 | with the version included in the preceding Solaris release. The |
43857681 AB |
45 | default perl version will always be the most recent, and in general |
46 | the old version will only be retained for one Solaris release. Note | |
47 | also that the default perl will NOT be configured to search for modules | |
48 | in the older version, again due to compatibility/stability concerns. | |
49 | As a consequence if you upgrade Solaris, you will have to | |
50 | rebuild/reinstall any additional CPAN modules that you installed for | |
51 | the previous Solaris version. See the CPAN manpage under 'autobundle' | |
52 | for a quick way of doing this. | |
53 | ||
54 | As an interim measure, you may either change the #! line of your | |
55 | scripts to specifically refer to the old perl version, e.g. on | |
56 | Solaris 9 use #!/usr/perl5/5.00503/bin/perl to use the perl version | |
57 | that was the default for Solaris 8, or if you have a large number of | |
58 | scripts it may be more convenient to make the old version of perl the | |
59 | default on your system. You can do this by changing the appropriate | |
60 | symlinks under /usr/perl5 as follows (example for Solaris 9): | |
61 | ||
62 | # cd /usr/perl5 | |
63 | # rm bin man pod | |
64 | # ln -s ./5.00503/bin | |
65 | # ln -s ./5.00503/man | |
66 | # ln -s ./5.00503/lib/pod | |
67 | # rm /usr/bin/perl | |
68 | # ln -s ../perl5/5.00503/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl | |
69 | ||
70 | In both cases this should only be considered to be a temporary | |
71 | measure - you should upgrade to the later version of perl as soon as | |
72 | is practicable. | |
73 | ||
74 | Note also that the perl command-line utilities (e.g. perldoc) and any | |
75 | that are added by modules that you install will be under | |
76 | /usr/perl5/bin, so that directory should be added to your PATH. | |
d420ca49 AD |
77 | |
78 | =head2 Solaris Version Numbers. | |
79 | ||
80 | For consistency with common usage, perl's Configure script performs | |
81 | some minor manipulations on the operating system name and version | |
82 | number as reported by uname. Here's a partial translation table: | |
83 | ||
43857681 AB |
84 | Sun: perl's Configure: |
85 | uname uname -r Name osname osvers | |
86 | SunOS 4.1.3 Solaris 1.1 sunos 4.1.3 | |
87 | SunOS 5.6 Solaris 2.6 solaris 2.6 | |
88 | SunOS 5.8 Solaris 8 solaris 2.8 | |
89 | SunOS 5.9 Solaris 9 solaris 2.9 | |
90 | SunOS 5.10 Solaris 10 solaris 2.10 | |
d420ca49 | 91 | |
2a5ccb22 | 92 | The complete table can be found in the Sun Managers' FAQ |
37a78d01 | 93 | L<ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/sunmanagers/faq> under |
2a5ccb22 LC |
94 | "9.1) Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS?". |
95 | ||
d420ca49 AD |
96 | =head1 RESOURCES |
97 | ||
5511f325 | 98 | There are many, many sources for Solaris information. A few of the |
d420ca49 AD |
99 | important ones for perl: |
100 | ||
101 | =over 4 | |
102 | ||
103 | =item Solaris FAQ | |
104 | ||
105 | The Solaris FAQ is available at | |
106 | L<http://www.science.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2.html>. | |
107 | ||
2a5ccb22 | 108 | The Sun Managers' FAQ is available at |
37a78d01 | 109 | L<ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/sunmanagers/faq> |
2a5ccb22 | 110 | |
d420ca49 AD |
111 | =item Precompiled Binaries |
112 | ||
43857681 AB |
113 | Precompiled binaries, links to many sites, and much, much more are |
114 | available at L<http://www.sunfreeware.com/> and | |
115 | L<http://www.blastwave.org/>. | |
d420ca49 AD |
116 | |
117 | =item Solaris Documentation | |
118 | ||
5511f325 | 119 | All Solaris documentation is available on-line at L<http://docs.sun.com/>. |
d420ca49 AD |
120 | |
121 | =back | |
122 | ||
123 | =head1 SETTING UP | |
124 | ||
a83b6f46 | 125 | =head2 File Extraction Problems on Solaris. |
d420ca49 AD |
126 | |
127 | Be sure to use a tar program compiled under Solaris (not SunOS 4.x) | |
128 | to extract the perl-5.x.x.tar.gz file. Do not use GNU tar compiled | |
129 | for SunOS4 on Solaris. (GNU tar compiled for Solaris should be fine.) | |
130 | When you run SunOS4 binaries on Solaris, the run-time system magically | |
131 | alters pathnames matching m#lib/locale# so that when tar tries to create | |
132 | lib/locale.pm, a file named lib/oldlocale.pm gets created instead. | |
5511f325 | 133 | If you found this advice too late and used a SunOS4-compiled tar |
2a5ccb22 LC |
134 | anyway, you must find the incorrectly renamed file and move it back |
135 | to lib/locale.pm. | |
d420ca49 | 136 | |
a83b6f46 | 137 | =head2 Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. |
d420ca49 AD |
138 | |
139 | You must use an ANSI C compiler to build perl. Perl can be compiled | |
140 | with either Sun's add-on C compiler or with gcc. The C compiler that | |
141 | shipped with SunOS4 will not do. | |
142 | ||
143 | =head3 Include /usr/ccs/bin/ in your PATH. | |
144 | ||
145 | Several tools needed to build perl are located in /usr/ccs/bin/: ar, | |
146 | as, ld, and make. Make sure that /usr/ccs/bin/ is in your PATH. | |
147 | ||
81fa5f19 CR |
148 | |
149 | On all the released versions of Solaris (8, 9 and 10) you need to make sure the following packages are installed (this info is extracted from the Solaris FAQ): | |
d420ca49 AD |
150 | |
151 | for tools (sccs, lex, yacc, make, nm, truss, ld, as): SUNWbtool, | |
152 | SUNWsprot, SUNWtoo | |
153 | ||
154 | for libraries & headers: SUNWhea, SUNWarc, SUNWlibm, SUNWlibms, SUNWdfbh, | |
81fa5f19 CR |
155 | SUNWcg6h, SUNWxwinc |
156 | ||
ab473f03 | 157 | Additionally, on Solaris 8 and 9 you also need: |
d420ca49 AD |
158 | |
159 | for 64 bit development: SUNWarcx, SUNWbtoox, SUNWdplx, SUNWscpux, | |
160 | SUNWsprox, SUNWtoox, SUNWlmsx, SUNWlmx, SUNWlibCx | |
161 | ||
81fa5f19 CR |
162 | And only on Solaris 8 you also need: |
163 | ||
164 | for libraries & headers: SUNWolinc | |
165 | ||
166 | ||
2a5ccb22 LC |
167 | If you are in doubt which package contains a file you are missing, |
168 | try to find an installation that has that file. Then do a | |
169 | ||
43857681 | 170 | $ grep /my/missing/file /var/sadm/install/contents |
2a5ccb22 LC |
171 | |
172 | This will display a line like this: | |
173 | ||
174 | /usr/include/sys/errno.h f none 0644 root bin 7471 37605 956241356 SUNWhea | |
175 | ||
b29a8fb9 | 176 | The last item listed (SUNWhea in this example) is the package you need. |
2a5ccb22 | 177 | |
d420ca49 AD |
178 | =head3 Avoid /usr/ucb/cc. |
179 | ||
180 | You don't need to have /usr/ucb/ in your PATH to build perl. If you | |
2a5ccb22 LC |
181 | want /usr/ucb/ in your PATH anyway, make sure that /usr/ucb/ is NOT |
182 | in your PATH before the directory containing the right C compiler. | |
d420ca49 AD |
183 | |
184 | =head3 Sun's C Compiler | |
185 | ||
186 | If you use Sun's C compiler, make sure the correct directory | |
2a5ccb22 | 187 | (usually /opt/SUNWspro/bin/) is in your PATH (before /usr/ucb/). |
d420ca49 AD |
188 | |
189 | =head3 GCC | |
190 | ||
9a04b58a | 191 | If you use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and complete. |
43857681 | 192 | perl versions since 5.6.0 build fine with gcc > 2.8.1 on Solaris >= |
9a04b58a RS |
193 | 2.6. |
194 | ||
195 | You must Configure perl with | |
d420ca49 | 196 | |
43857681 | 197 | $ sh Configure -Dcc=gcc |
d420ca49 | 198 | |
9a04b58a RS |
199 | If you don't, you may experience strange build errors. |
200 | ||
d420ca49 | 201 | If you have updated your Solaris version, you may also have to update |
9a04b58a | 202 | your gcc. For example, if you are running Solaris 2.6 and your gcc is |
d420ca49 | 203 | installed under /usr/local, check in /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib and make |
2a5ccb22 LC |
204 | sure you have the appropriate directory, sparc-sun-solaris2.6/ or |
205 | i386-pc-solaris2.6/. If gcc's directory is for a different version of | |
206 | Solaris than you are running, then you will need to rebuild gcc for | |
207 | your new version of Solaris. | |
d420ca49 AD |
208 | |
209 | You can get a precompiled version of gcc from | |
43857681 AB |
210 | L<http://www.sunfreeware.com/> or L<http://www.blastwave.org/>. Make |
211 | sure you pick up the package for your Solaris release. | |
212 | ||
213 | If you wish to use gcc to build add-on modules for use with the perl | |
214 | shipped with Solaris, you should use the Solaris::PerlGcc module | |
215 | which is available from CPAN. The perl shipped with Solaris | |
216 | is configured and built with the Sun compilers, and the compiler | |
217 | configuration information stored in Config.pm is therefore only | |
218 | relevant to the Sun compilers. The Solaris:PerlGcc module contains a | |
219 | replacement Config.pm that is correct for gcc - see the module for | |
220 | details. | |
d420ca49 AD |
221 | |
222 | =head3 GNU as and GNU ld | |
223 | ||
74144837 | 224 | The following information applies to gcc version 2. Volunteers to |
f858446f | 225 | update it as appropriately for gcc version 3 would be appreciated. |
74144837 | 226 | |
d420ca49 | 227 | The versions of as and ld supplied with Solaris work fine for building |
74144837 AD |
228 | perl. There is normally no need to install the GNU versions to |
229 | compile perl. | |
d420ca49 AD |
230 | |
231 | If you decide to ignore this advice and use the GNU versions anyway, | |
232 | then be sure that they are relatively recent. Versions newer than 2.7 | |
233 | are apparently new enough. Older versions may have trouble with | |
234 | dynamic loading. | |
235 | ||
74144837 | 236 | If you wish to use GNU ld, then you need to pass it the -Wl,-E flag. |
43857681 AB |
237 | The hints/solaris_2.sh file tries to do this automatically by setting |
238 | the following Configure variables: | |
74144837 | 239 | |
43857681 AB |
240 | ccdlflags="$ccdlflags -Wl,-E" |
241 | lddlflags="$lddlflags -Wl,-E -G" | |
74144837 AD |
242 | |
243 | However, over the years, changes in gcc, GNU ld, and Solaris ld have made | |
244 | it difficult to automatically detect which ld ultimately gets called. | |
245 | You may have to manually edit config.sh and add the -Wl,-E flags | |
246 | yourself, or else run Configure interactively and add the flags at the | |
247 | appropriate prompts. | |
248 | ||
d420ca49 AD |
249 | If your gcc is configured to use GNU as and ld but you want to use the |
250 | Solaris ones instead to build perl, then you'll need to add | |
251 | -B/usr/ccs/bin/ to the gcc command line. One convenient way to do | |
252 | that is with | |
253 | ||
43857681 | 254 | $ sh Configure -Dcc='gcc -B/usr/ccs/bin/' |
d420ca49 AD |
255 | |
256 | Note that the trailing slash is required. This will result in some | |
2a5ccb22 | 257 | harmless warnings as Configure is run: |
d420ca49 | 258 | |
43857681 | 259 | gcc: file path prefix `/usr/ccs/bin/' never used |
d420ca49 AD |
260 | |
261 | These messages may safely be ignored. | |
262 | (Note that for a SunOS4 system, you must use -B/bin/ instead.) | |
263 | ||
264 | Alternatively, you can use the GCC_EXEC_PREFIX environment variable to | |
265 | ensure that Sun's as and ld are used. Consult your gcc documentation | |
266 | for further information on the -B option and the GCC_EXEC_PREFIX variable. | |
267 | ||
43857681 | 268 | =head3 Sun and GNU make |
d420ca49 | 269 | |
43857681 AB |
270 | The make under /usr/ccs/bin works fine for building perl. If you |
271 | have the Sun C compilers, you will also have a parallel version of | |
272 | make (dmake). This works fine to build perl, but can sometimes cause | |
273 | problems when running 'make test' due to underspecified dependencies | |
274 | between the different test harness files. The same problem can also | |
275 | affect the building of some add-on modules, so in those cases either | |
276 | specify '-m serial' on the dmake command line, or use | |
277 | /usr/ccs/bin/make instead. If you wish to use GNU make, be sure that | |
278 | the set-group-id bit is not set. If it is, then arrange your PATH so | |
279 | that /usr/ccs/bin/make is before GNU make or else have the system | |
280 | administrator disable the set-group-id bit on GNU make. | |
d420ca49 AD |
281 | |
282 | =head3 Avoid libucb. | |
283 | ||
284 | Solaris provides some BSD-compatibility functions in /usr/ucblib/libucb.a. | |
285 | Perl will not build and run correctly if linked against -lucb since it | |
286 | contains routines that are incompatible with the standard Solaris libc. | |
287 | Normally this is not a problem since the solaris hints file prevents | |
288 | Configure from even looking in /usr/ucblib for libraries, and also | |
289 | explicitly omits -lucb. | |
290 | ||
43857681 | 291 | =head2 Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris |
d420ca49 AD |
292 | |
293 | =head3 PATH | |
294 | ||
295 | Make sure your PATH includes the compiler (/opt/SUNWspro/bin/ if you're | |
296 | using Sun's compiler) as well as /usr/ccs/bin/ to pick up the other | |
297 | development tools (such as make, ar, as, and ld). Make sure your path | |
298 | either doesn't include /usr/ucb or that it includes it after the | |
299 | compiler and compiler tools and other standard Solaris directories. | |
300 | You definitely don't want /usr/ucb/cc. | |
301 | ||
302 | =head3 LD_LIBRARY_PATH | |
303 | ||
304 | If you have the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable set, be sure that | |
305 | it does NOT include /lib or /usr/lib. If you will be building | |
306 | extensions that call third-party shared libraries (e.g. Berkeley DB) | |
307 | then make sure that your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable includes | |
308 | the directory with that library (e.g. /usr/local/lib). | |
309 | ||
310 | If you get an error message | |
311 | ||
43857681 | 312 | dlopen: stub interception failed |
d420ca49 AD |
313 | |
314 | it is probably because your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable | |
315 | includes a directory which is a symlink to /usr/lib (such as /lib). | |
316 | The reason this causes a problem is quite subtle. The file | |
317 | libdl.so.1.0 actually *only* contains functions which generate 'stub | |
318 | interception failed' errors! The runtime linker intercepts links to | |
319 | "/usr/lib/libdl.so.1.0" and links in internal implementations of those | |
320 | functions instead. [Thanks to Tim Bunce for this explanation.] | |
321 | ||
322 | =head1 RUN CONFIGURE. | |
323 | ||
324 | See the INSTALL file for general information regarding Configure. | |
325 | Only Solaris-specific issues are discussed here. Usually, the | |
326 | defaults should be fine. | |
327 | ||
43857681 | 328 | =head2 64-bit perl on Solaris. |
d420ca49 AD |
329 | |
330 | See the INSTALL file for general information regarding 64-bit compiles. | |
331 | In general, the defaults should be fine for most people. | |
332 | ||
333 | By default, perl-5.6.0 (or later) is compiled as a 32-bit application | |
334 | with largefile and long-long support. | |
335 | ||
336 | =head3 General 32-bit vs. 64-bit issues. | |
337 | ||
2a5ccb22 LC |
338 | Solaris 7 and above will run in either 32 bit or 64 bit mode on SPARC |
339 | CPUs, via a reboot. You can build 64 bit apps whilst running 32 bit | |
340 | mode and vice-versa. 32 bit apps will run under Solaris running in | |
341 | either 32 or 64 bit mode. 64 bit apps require Solaris to be running | |
b29a8fb9 | 342 | 64 bit mode. |
d420ca49 AD |
343 | |
344 | Existing 32 bit apps are properly known as LP32, i.e. Longs and | |
345 | Pointers are 32 bit. 64-bit apps are more properly known as LP64. | |
346 | The discriminating feature of a LP64 bit app is its ability to utilise a | |
347 | 64-bit address space. It is perfectly possible to have a LP32 bit app | |
2a5ccb22 | 348 | that supports both 64-bit integers (long long) and largefiles (> 2GB), |
d420ca49 AD |
349 | and this is the default for perl-5.6.0. |
350 | ||
43857681 AB |
351 | For a more complete explanation of 64-bit issues, see the |
352 | "Solaris 64-bit Developer's Guide" at L<http://docs.sun.com/> | |
d420ca49 AD |
353 | |
354 | You can detect the OS mode using "isainfo -v", e.g. | |
355 | ||
43857681 AB |
356 | $ isainfo -v # Ultra 30 in 64 bit mode |
357 | 64-bit sparcv9 applications | |
358 | 32-bit sparc applications | |
d420ca49 | 359 | |
43857681 AB |
360 | By default, perl will be compiled as a 32-bit application. Unless |
361 | you want to allocate more than ~ 4GB of memory inside perl, or unless | |
362 | you need more than 255 open file descriptors, you probably don't need | |
363 | perl to be a 64-bit app. | |
d420ca49 | 364 | |
5511f325 | 365 | =head3 Large File Support |
d420ca49 AD |
366 | |
367 | For Solaris 2.6 and onwards, there are two different ways for 32-bit | |
2a5ccb22 | 368 | applications to manipulate large files (files whose size is > 2GByte). |
d420ca49 AD |
369 | (A 64-bit application automatically has largefile support built in |
370 | by default.) | |
371 | ||
372 | First is the "transitional compilation environment", described in | |
373 | lfcompile64(5). According to the man page, | |
374 | ||
43857681 AB |
375 | The transitional compilation environment exports all the |
376 | explicit 64-bit functions (xxx64()) and types in addition to | |
377 | all the regular functions (xxx()) and types. Both xxx() and | |
378 | xxx64() functions are available to the program source. A | |
379 | 32-bit application must use the xxx64() functions in order | |
380 | to access large files. See the lf64(5) manual page for a | |
381 | complete listing of the 64-bit transitional interfaces. | |
d420ca49 AD |
382 | |
383 | The transitional compilation environment is obtained with the | |
384 | following compiler and linker flags: | |
385 | ||
43857681 AB |
386 | getconf LFS64_CFLAGS -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE |
387 | getconf LFS64_LDFLAG # nothing special needed | |
388 | getconf LFS64_LIBS # nothing special needed | |
d420ca49 AD |
389 | |
390 | Second is the "large file compilation environment", described in | |
391 | lfcompile(5). According to the man page, | |
392 | ||
43857681 AB |
393 | Each interface named xxx() that needs to access 64-bit entities |
394 | to access large files maps to a xxx64() call in the | |
395 | resulting binary. All relevant data types are defined to be | |
396 | of correct size (for example, off_t has a typedef definition | |
397 | for a 64-bit entity). | |
d420ca49 | 398 | |
43857681 AB |
399 | An application compiled in this environment is able to use |
400 | the xxx() source interfaces to access both large and small | |
401 | files, rather than having to explicitly utilize the transitional | |
402 | xxx64() interface calls to access large files. | |
d420ca49 AD |
403 | |
404 | Two exceptions are fseek() and ftell(). 32-bit applications should | |
405 | use fseeko(3C) and ftello(3C). These will get automatically mapped | |
406 | to fseeko64() and ftello64(). | |
407 | ||
408 | The large file compilation environment is obtained with | |
409 | ||
43857681 AB |
410 | getconf LFS_CFLAGS -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 |
411 | getconf LFS_LDFLAGS # nothing special needed | |
412 | getconf LFS_LIBS # nothing special needed | |
d420ca49 AD |
413 | |
414 | By default, perl uses the large file compilation environment and | |
415 | relies on Solaris to do the underlying mapping of interfaces. | |
416 | ||
43857681 | 417 | =head3 Building an LP64 perl |
d420ca49 | 418 | |
b29a8fb9 JH |
419 | To compile a 64-bit application on an UltraSparc with a recent Sun Compiler, |
420 | you need to use the flag "-xarch=v9". getconf(1) will tell you this, e.g. | |
d420ca49 | 421 | |
43857681 AB |
422 | $ getconf -a | grep v9 |
423 | XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
424 | XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
425 | XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
426 | XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
427 | XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
428 | XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
429 | _XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
430 | _XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
431 | _XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LINTFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
432 | _XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
433 | _XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
434 | _XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LINTFLAGS: -xarch=v9 | |
d420ca49 | 435 | |
b29a8fb9 JH |
436 | This flag is supported in Sun WorkShop Compilers 5.0 and onwards |
437 | (now marketed under the name Forte) when used on Solaris 7 or later on | |
438 | UltraSparc systems. | |
2a5ccb22 LC |
439 | |
440 | If you are using gcc, you would need to use -mcpu=v9 -m64 instead. This | |
441 | option is not yet supported as of gcc 2.95.2; from install/SPECIFIC | |
442 | in that release: | |
d420ca49 | 443 | |
43857681 AB |
444 | GCC version 2.95 is not able to compile code correctly for sparc64 |
445 | targets. Users of the Linux kernel, at least, can use the sparc32 | |
446 | program to start up a new shell invocation with an environment that | |
447 | causes configure to recognize (via uname -a) the system as sparc-*-* | |
448 | instead. | |
d420ca49 AD |
449 | |
450 | All this should be handled automatically by the hints file, if | |
451 | requested. | |
452 | ||
d420ca49 AD |
453 | =head3 Long Doubles. |
454 | ||
43857681 AB |
455 | As of 5.8.1, long doubles are working if you use the Sun compilers |
456 | (needed for additional math routines not included in libm). | |
d420ca49 | 457 | |
43857681 | 458 | =head2 Threads in perl on Solaris. |
d420ca49 AD |
459 | |
460 | It is possible to build a threaded version of perl on Solaris. The entire | |
461 | perl thread implementation is still experimental, however, so beware. | |
d420ca49 | 462 | |
43857681 | 463 | =head2 Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris. |
d420ca49 | 464 | |
43857681 | 465 | Starting from perl 5.7.1 perl uses the Solaris malloc, since the perl |
83bd2f30 LC |
466 | malloc breaks when dealing with more than 2GB of memory, and the Solaris |
467 | malloc also seems to be faster. | |
468 | ||
469 | If you for some reason (such as binary backward compatibility) really | |
43857681 | 470 | need to use perl's malloc, you can rebuild perl from the sources |
83bd2f30 LC |
471 | and Configure the build with |
472 | ||
43857681 | 473 | $ sh Configure -Dusemymalloc |
210b36aa | 474 | |
d420ca49 AD |
475 | You should not use perl's malloc if you are building with gcc. There |
476 | are reports of core dumps, especially in the PDL module. The problem | |
477 | appears to go away under -DDEBUGGING, so it has been difficult to | |
5511f325 | 478 | track down. Sun's compiler appears to be okay with or without perl's |
d420ca49 AD |
479 | malloc. [XXX further investigation is needed here.] |
480 | ||
d420ca49 AD |
481 | =head1 MAKE PROBLEMS. |
482 | ||
483 | =over 4 | |
484 | ||
485 | =item Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld | |
486 | ||
487 | If you have problems with dynamic loading using gcc on SunOS or | |
488 | Solaris, and you are using GNU as and GNU ld, see the section | |
016af039 | 489 | L</"GNU as and GNU ld"> above. |
d420ca49 AD |
490 | |
491 | =item ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error: | |
492 | ||
493 | If you get this message on SunOS or Solaris, and you're using gcc, | |
494 | it's probably the GNU as or GNU ld problem in the previous item | |
016af039 | 495 | L</"GNU as and GNU ld">. |
d420ca49 AD |
496 | |
497 | =item dlopen: stub interception failed | |
498 | ||
499 | The primary cause of the 'dlopen: stub interception failed' message is | |
500 | that the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable includes a directory | |
501 | which is a symlink to /usr/lib (such as /lib). See | |
016af039 | 502 | L</"LD_LIBRARY_PATH"> above. |
d420ca49 AD |
503 | |
504 | =item #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified" | |
505 | ||
506 | This is a common error when trying to build perl on Solaris 2.6 with a | |
507 | gcc installation from Solaris 2.5 or 2.5.1. The Solaris header files | |
508 | changed, so you need to update your gcc installation. You can either | |
509 | rerun the fixincludes script from gcc or take the opportunity to | |
510 | update your gcc installation. | |
511 | ||
512 | =item sh: ar: not found | |
513 | ||
514 | This is a message from your shell telling you that the command 'ar' | |
515 | was not found. You need to check your PATH environment variable to | |
516 | make sure that it includes the directory with the 'ar' command. This | |
517 | is a common problem on Solaris, where 'ar' is in the /usr/ccs/bin/ | |
518 | directory. | |
519 | ||
520 | =back | |
521 | ||
522 | =head1 MAKE TEST | |
523 | ||
a83b6f46 | 524 | =head2 op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris |
d420ca49 | 525 | |
635d4d9b | 526 | F<op/stat.t> test 4 may fail if you are on a tmpfs of some sort. |
d420ca49 AD |
527 | Building in /tmp sometimes shows this behavior. The |
528 | test suite detects if you are building in /tmp, but it may not be able | |
529 | to catch all tmpfs situations. | |
530 | ||
1081c3b9 JH |
531 | =head2 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent |
532 | ||
533 | See L<perlhpux/"nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent">. | |
534 | ||
03224839 BF |
535 | =head1 CROSS-COMPILATION |
536 | ||
537 | Nothing too unusual here. You can easily do this if you have a | |
538 | cross-compiler available; A usual Configure invocation when targetting a | |
539 | Solaris x86 looks something like this: | |
540 | ||
541 | sh ./Configure -des -Dusecrosscompile \ | |
542 | -Dcc=i386-pc-solaris2.11-gcc \ | |
543 | -Dsysroot=$SYSROOT \ | |
544 | -Alddlflags=" -Wl,-z,notext" \ | |
545 | -Dtargethost=... # The usual cross-compilation options | |
546 | ||
547 | The lddlflags addition is the only abnormal bit. | |
548 | ||
a83b6f46 | 549 | =head1 PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. |
d420ca49 AD |
550 | |
551 | You can pick up prebuilt binaries for Solaris from | |
43857681 AB |
552 | L<http://www.sunfreeware.com/>, L<http://www.blastwave.org>, |
553 | ActiveState L<http://www.activestate.com/>, and | |
554 | L<http://www.perl.com/> under the Binaries list at the top of the | |
555 | page. There are probably other sources as well. Please note that | |
556 | these sites are under the control of their respective owners, not the | |
557 | perl developers. | |
d420ca49 | 558 | |
a83b6f46 | 559 | =head1 RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS. |
d420ca49 | 560 | |
a83b6f46 | 561 | =head2 Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. |
d420ca49 | 562 | |
43857681 AB |
563 | The stdio(3C) manpage notes that for LP32 applications, only 255 |
564 | files may be opened using fopen(), and only file descriptors 0 | |
565 | through 255 can be used in a stream. Since perl calls open() and | |
566 | then fdopen(3C) with the resulting file descriptor, perl is limited | |
567 | to 255 simultaneous open files, even if sysopen() is used. If this | |
568 | proves to be an insurmountable problem, you can compile perl as a | |
016af039 | 569 | LP64 application, see L</Building an LP64 perl> for details. Note |
43857681 AB |
570 | also that the default resource limit for open file descriptors on |
571 | Solaris is 255, so you will have to modify your ulimit or rctl | |
572 | (Solaris 9 onwards) appropriately. | |
d420ca49 AD |
573 | |
574 | =head1 SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. | |
575 | ||
43857681 AB |
576 | See the modules under the Solaris:: and Sun::Solaris namespaces on CPAN, |
577 | see L<http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Solaris/> and | |
578 | L<http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Sun/>. | |
d420ca49 AD |
579 | |
580 | =head1 SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. | |
581 | ||
a83b6f46 | 582 | =head2 Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris |
d420ca49 AD |
583 | |
584 | Proc::ProcessTable does not compile on Solaris with perl5.6.0 and higher | |
585 | if you have LARGEFILES defined. Since largefile support is the | |
586 | default in 5.6.0 and later, you have to take special steps to use this | |
587 | module. | |
588 | ||
589 | The problem is that various structures visible via procfs use off_t, | |
590 | and if you compile with largefile support these change from 32 bits to | |
591 | 64 bits. Thus what you get back from procfs doesn't match up with | |
592 | the structures in perl, resulting in garbage. See proc(4) for further | |
593 | discussion. | |
594 | ||
595 | A fix for Proc::ProcessTable is to edit Makefile to | |
596 | explicitly remove the largefile flags from the ones MakeMaker picks up | |
597 | from Config.pm. This will result in Proc::ProcessTable being built | |
2a5ccb22 | 598 | under the correct environment. Everything should then be OK as long as |
d420ca49 AD |
599 | Proc::ProcessTable doesn't try to share off_t's with the rest of perl, |
600 | or if it does they should be explicitly specified as off64_t. | |
601 | ||
5511f325 | 602 | =head2 BSD::Resource on Solaris |
d420ca49 AD |
603 | |
604 | BSD::Resource versions earlier than 1.09 do not compile on Solaris | |
605 | with perl 5.6.0 and higher, for the same reasons as Proc::ProcessTable. | |
606 | BSD::Resource versions starting from 1.09 have a workaround for the problem. | |
607 | ||
5511f325 | 608 | =head2 Net::SSLeay on Solaris |
2a5ccb22 | 609 | |
43857681 AB |
610 | Net::SSLeay requires a /dev/urandom to be present. This device is |
611 | available from Solaris 9 onwards. For earlier Solaris versions you | |
612 | can either get the package SUNWski (packaged with several Sun | |
613 | software products, for example the Sun WebServer, which is part of | |
614 | the Solaris Server Intranet Extension, or the Sun Directory Services, | |
615 | part of Solaris for ISPs) or download the ANDIrand package from | |
616 | L<http://www.cosy.sbg.ac.at/~andi/>. If you use SUNWski, make a | |
60193da3 AD |
617 | symbolic link /dev/urandom pointing to /dev/random. For more details, |
618 | see Document ID27606 entitled "Differing /dev/random support requirements | |
619 | within Solaris[TM] Operating Environments", available at | |
635d4d9b | 620 | L<http://sunsolve.sun.com> . |
2a5ccb22 LC |
621 | |
622 | It may be possible to use the Entropy Gathering Daemon (written in | |
623 | Perl!), available from L<http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/>. | |
624 | ||
42600de6 JH |
625 | =head1 SunOS 4.x |
626 | ||
627 | In SunOS 4.x you most probably want to use the SunOS ld, /usr/bin/ld, | |
628 | since the more recent versions of GNU ld (like 2.13) do not seem to | |
629 | work for building Perl anymore. When linking the extensions, the | |
630 | GNU ld gets very unhappy and spews a lot of errors like this | |
631 | ||
632 | ... relocation truncated to fit: BASE13 ... | |
633 | ||
634 | and dies. Therefore the SunOS 4.1 hints file explicitly sets the | |
635d4d9b | 635 | ld to be F</usr/bin/ld>. |
42600de6 JH |
636 | |
637 | As of Perl 5.8.1 the dynamic loading of libraries (DynaLoader, XSLoader) | |
638 | also seems to have become broken in in SunOS 4.x. Therefore the default | |
639 | is to build Perl statically. | |
640 | ||
8f212d40 | 641 | Running the test suite in SunOS 4.1 is a bit tricky since the |
cb0ee57a | 642 | F<dist/Tie-File/t/09_gen_rs.t> test hangs (subtest #51, FWIW) for some |
8f212d40 JH |
643 | unknown reason. Just stop the test and kill that particular Perl |
644 | process. | |
645 | ||
646 | There are various other failures, that as of SunOS 4.1.4 and gcc 3.2.2 | |
647 | look a lot like gcc bugs. Many of the failures happen in the Encode | |
648 | tests, where for example when the test expects "0" you get "0" | |
649 | which should after a little squinting look very odd indeed. | |
650 | Another example is earlier in F<t/run/fresh_perl> where chr(0xff) is | |
651 | expected but the test fails because the result is chr(0xff). Exactly. | |
2597a6d1 | 652 | |
8f212d40 JH |
653 | This is the "make test" result from the said combination: |
654 | ||
655 | Failed 27 test scripts out of 745, 96.38% okay. | |
656 | ||
2597a6d1 JH |
657 | Running the C<harness> is painful because of the many failing |
658 | Unicode-related tests will output megabytes of failure messages, | |
659 | but if one patiently waits, one gets these results: | |
660 | ||
661 | Failed Test Stat Wstat Total Fail Failed List of Failed | |
662 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
663 | ... | |
664 | ../ext/Encode/t/at-cn.t 4 1024 29 4 13.79% 14-17 | |
665 | ../ext/Encode/t/at-tw.t 10 2560 17 10 58.82% 2 4 6 8 10 12 | |
666 | 14-17 | |
667 | ../ext/Encode/t/enc_data.t 29 7424 ?? ?? % ?? | |
668 | ../ext/Encode/t/enc_eucjp.t 29 7424 ?? ?? % ?? | |
669 | ../ext/Encode/t/enc_module.t 29 7424 ?? ?? % ?? | |
670 | ../ext/Encode/t/encoding.t 29 7424 ?? ?? % ?? | |
671 | ../ext/Encode/t/grow.t 12 3072 24 12 50.00% 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 | |
672 | 16 18 20 22 24 | |
673 | Failed Test Stat Wstat Total Fail Failed List of Failed | |
674 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
675 | ../ext/Encode/t/guess.t 255 65280 29 40 137.93% 10-29 | |
676 | ../ext/Encode/t/jperl.t 29 7424 15 30 200.00% 1-15 | |
677 | ../ext/Encode/t/mime-header.t 2 512 10 2 20.00% 2-3 | |
678 | ../ext/Encode/t/perlio.t 22 5632 38 22 57.89% 1-4 9-16 19-20 | |
679 | 23-24 27-32 | |
680 | ../ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t 0 139 ?? ?? % ?? | |
681 | ../ext/PerlIO/t/encoding.t 14 1 7.14% 11 | |
682 | ../ext/PerlIO/t/fallback.t 9 2 22.22% 3 5 | |
683 | ../ext/Socket/t/socketpair.t 0 2 45 70 155.56% 11-45 | |
684 | ../lib/CPAN/t/vcmp.t 30 1 3.33% 25 | |
685 | ../lib/Tie/File/t/09_gen_rs.t 0 15 ?? ?? % ?? | |
686 | ../lib/Unicode/Collate/t/test.t 199 30 15.08% 7 26-27 71-75 | |
687 | 81-88 95 101 | |
688 | 103-104 106 108- | |
689 | 109 122 124 161 | |
690 | 169-172 | |
691 | ../lib/sort.t 0 139 119 26 21.85% 107-119 | |
692 | op/alarm.t 4 1 25.00% 4 | |
693 | op/utfhash.t 97 1 1.03% 31 | |
694 | run/fresh_perl.t 91 1 1.10% 32 | |
695 | uni/tr_7jis.t ?? ?? % ?? | |
696 | uni/tr_eucjp.t 29 7424 6 12 200.00% 1-6 | |
697 | uni/tr_sjis.t 29 7424 6 12 200.00% 1-6 | |
698 | 56 tests and 467 subtests skipped. | |
e46aa1dd KW |
699 | Failed 27/811 test scripts, 96.67% okay. 1383/75399 subtests failed, |
700 | 98.17% okay. | |
2597a6d1 JH |
701 | |
702 | The alarm() test failure is caused by system() apparently blocking | |
703 | alarm(). That is probably a libc bug, and given that SunOS 4.x | |
704 | has been end-of-lifed years ago, don't hold your breath for a fix. | |
e214c99d JH |
705 | In addition to that, don't try anything too Unicode-y, especially |
706 | with Encode, and you should be fine in SunOS 4.x. | |
2597a6d1 | 707 | |
d420ca49 AD |
708 | =head1 AUTHOR |
709 | ||
710 | The original was written by Andy Dougherty F<doughera@lafayette.edu> | |
711 | drawing heavily on advice from Alan Burlison, Nick Ing-Simmons, Tim Bunce, | |
712 | and many other Solaris users over the years. | |
713 | ||
8166b4e0 DB |
714 | Please report any errors, updates, or suggestions to |
715 | L<https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues>. |