support delete() and exists() on array, tied array, and pseudo-hash

[perl5.git] / lib / Tie / Handle.pm

package Tie::Handle;

=head1 NAME

Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle  - base class definitions for tied handles

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    package NewHandle;
    require Tie::Handle;
     
    @ISA = (Tie::Handle);
     
    sub READ { ... }		# Provide a needed method
    sub TIEHANDLE { ... }	# Overrides inherited method
         
     
    package main;
    
    tie *FH, 'NewHandle';

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module provides some skeletal methods for handle-tying classes. See
L<perltie> for a list of the functions required in tying a handle to a package.
The basic B<Tie::Handle> package provides a C<new> method, as well as methods
C<TIEHANDLE>, C<PRINT>, C<PRINTF> and C<GETC>. 

For developers wishing to write their own tied-handle classes, the methods
are summarized below. The L<perltie> section not only documents these, but
has sample code as well:

=over

=item TIEHANDLE classname, LIST

The method invoked by the command C<tie *glob, classname>. Associates a new
glob instance with the specified class. C<LIST> would represent additional
arguments (along the lines of L<AnyDBM_File> and compatriots) needed to
complete the association.

=item WRITE this, scalar, length, offset

Write I<length> bytes of data from I<scalar> starting at I<offset>.

=item PRINT this, LIST

Print the values in I<LIST>

=item PRINTF this, format, LIST

Print the values in I<LIST> using I<format>

=item READ this, scalar, length, offset

Read I<length> bytes of data into I<scalar> starting at I<offset>.

=item READLINE this

Read a single line

=item GETC this

Get a single character

=item CLOSE this

Close the handle

=item OPEN this, filename

(Re-)open the handle

=item BINMODE this

Specify content is binary

=item EOF this

Test for end of file.

=item TELL this

Return position in the file.

=item SEEK this, offset, whence

Position the file.

Test for end of file.

=item DESTROY this

Free the storage associated with the tied handle referenced by I<this>.
This is rarely needed, as Perl manages its memory quite well. But the
option exists, should a class wish to perform specific actions upon the
destruction of an instance.

=back

=head1 MORE INFORMATION

The L<perltie> section contains an example of tying handles.

=cut

use Carp;

sub new {
    my $pkg = shift;
    $pkg->TIEHANDLE(@_);
}

# "Grandfather" the new, a la Tie::Hash

sub TIEHANDLE {
    my $pkg = shift;
    if (defined &{"{$pkg}::new"}) {
	carp "WARNING: calling ${pkg}->new since ${pkg}->TIEHANDLE is missing"
	    if $^W;
	$pkg->new(@_);
    }
    else {
	croak "$pkg doesn't define a TIEHANDLE method";
    }
}

sub PRINT {
    my $self = shift;
    if($self->can('WRITE') != \&WRITE) {
	my $buf = join(defined $, ? $, : "",@_);
	$buf .= $\ if defined $\;
	$self->WRITE($buf,length($buf),0);
    }
    else {
	croak ref($self)," doesn't define a PRINT method";
    }
}

sub PRINTF {
    my $self = shift;
    
    if($self->can('WRITE') != \&WRITE) {
	my $buf = sprintf(shift,@_);
	$self->WRITE($buf,length($buf),0);
    }
    else {
	croak ref($self)," doesn't define a PRINTF method";
    }
}

sub READLINE {
    my $pkg = ref $_[0];
    croak "$pkg doesn't define a READLINE method";
}

sub GETC {
    my $self = shift;
    
    if($self->can('READ') != \&READ) {
	my $buf;
	$self->READ($buf,1);
	return $buf;
    }
    else {
	croak ref($self)," doesn't define a GETC method";
    }
}

sub READ {
    my $pkg = ref $_[0];
    croak "$pkg doesn't define a READ method";
}

sub WRITE {
    my $pkg = ref $_[0];
    croak "$pkg doesn't define a WRITE method";
}

sub CLOSE {
    my $pkg = ref $_[0];
    croak "$pkg doesn't define a CLOSE method";
} 

package Tie::StdHandle; 
use vars qw(@ISA);
@ISA = 'Tie::Handle';       
use Carp;

sub TIEHANDLE 
{
 my $class = shift;
 my $fh    = do { \local *HANDLE};
 bless $fh,$class;
 $fh->OPEN(@_) if (@_);
 return $fh;
}         

sub EOF     { eof($_[0]) }
sub TELL    { tell($_[0]) }
sub FILENO  { fileno($_[0]) }
sub SEEK    { seek($_[0],$_[1],$_[2]) }
sub CLOSE   { close($_[0]) }
sub BINMODE { binmode($_[0]) }

sub OPEN
{         
 $_[0]->CLOSE if defined($_[0]->FILENO);
 open($_[0],$_[1]);
}

sub READ     { read($_[0],$_[1],$_[2]) }
sub READLINE { my $fh = $_[0]; <$fh> }
sub GETC     { getc($_[0]) }

sub WRITE
{        
 my $fh = $_[0];
 print $fh substr($_[1],0,$_[2])
}


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