conflicts.
Another convenient behavior is that an indirect filehandle automatically
-closes when it goes out of scope or when you undefine it:
+closes when there are no more references to it:
sub firstline {
open( my $in, shift ) && return scalar <$in>;
# no close() required
}
+Indirect filehandles also make it easy to pass filehandles to and return
+filehandles from subroutines:
+
+ for my $file ( qw(this.conf that.conf) ) {
+ my $fin = open_or_throw('<', $file);
+ process_conf( $fin );
+ # no close() needed
+ }
+
+ use Carp;
+ sub open_or_throw {
+ my ($mode, $filename) = @_;
+ open my $h, $mode, $filename
+ or croak "Could not open '$filename': $!";
+ return $h;
+ }
+
=head2 Pipe Opens
In C, when you want to open a file using the standard I/O library,