This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
Study SUSPEND (and recursion) properly
authorYves Orton <demerphq@gmail.com>
Thu, 16 Nov 2006 20:32:11 +0000 (21:32 +0100)
committerRafael Garcia-Suarez <rgarciasuarez@gmail.com>
Fri, 17 Nov 2006 11:06:48 +0000 (11:06 +0000)
Message-ID: <9b18b3110611161132j695ee86ata939a149b08efb11@mail.gmail.com>

p4raw-id: //depot/perl@29301

regcomp.c
t/op/pat.t

index 6d916f1..a69d0b3 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
 #define DEBUG_STUDYDATA(data,depth)                                  \
 DEBUG_OPTIMISE_MORE_r(if(data){                                           \
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                                    \
-        "%*s"/* Len:%"IVdf"/%"IVdf" */" Pos:%"IVdf"/%"IVdf           \
+        "%*s"/* Len:%"IVdf"/%"IVdf" */"Pos:%"IVdf"/%"IVdf           \
         " Flags: %"IVdf" Whilem_c: %"IVdf" Lcp: %"IVdf" ",           \
         (int)(depth)*2, "",                                          \
         (IV)((data)->pos_min),                                       \
@@ -2119,14 +2119,14 @@ S_make_trie_failtable(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *source,  regnode
 #endif
 
 #define DEBUG_PEEP(str,scan,depth) \
-    DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({ \
+    DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({if (scan){ \
        SV * const mysv=sv_newmortal(); \
        regnode *Next = regnext(scan); \
        regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, scan); \
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%*s" str ">%3d: %s (%d)\n", \
        (int)depth*2, "", REG_NODE_NUM(scan), SvPV_nolen_const(mysv),\
        Next ? (REG_NODE_NUM(Next)) : 0 ); \
-   });
+   }});
 
 
 
@@ -2289,6 +2289,17 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan, I32 *min, U32 flags
     Newx(and_withp,1,struct regnode_charclass_class); \
     SAVEFREEPV(and_withp)
 
+/* this is a chain of data about sub patterns we are processing that
+   need to be handled seperately/specially in study_chunk. Its so
+   we can simulate recursion without losing state.  */
+struct scan_frame;
+typedef struct scan_frame {
+    regnode *last;  /* last node to process in this frame */
+    regnode *next;  /* next node to process when last is reached */
+    struct scan_frame *prev; /*previous frame*/
+    I32 stop; /* what stopparen do we use */
+} scan_frame;
+
 STATIC I32
 S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         I32 *minlenp, I32 *deltap,
@@ -2317,7 +2328,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
     SV *re_trie_maxbuff = NULL;
     regnode *first_non_open = scan;
     I32 stopmin = I32_MAX;
+    scan_frame last_frame= { last, NULL, NULL, stopparen };
+    scan_frame *frame=&last_frame;
+    
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+    
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data_fake, scan_data_t);
 #endif
@@ -2327,1291 +2342,1288 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
             first_non_open=regnext(first_non_open);
     }
 
+    while (frame) {
+
+       DEBUG_PEEP("FBEG",scan,depth);
+       while ( scan && OP(scan) != END && scan < frame->last ) {
+           /* Peephole optimizer: */
+           DEBUG_STUDYDATA(data,depth);
+           DEBUG_PEEP("Peep",scan,depth);
+           JOIN_EXACT(scan,&min,0);
+
+           /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
+              away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
+           if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
+               const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
+                       ? I32_MAX
+                       /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
+                       : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
+               int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
+               int noff;
+               regnode *n = scan;
+
+               /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
+               while ((n = regnext(n))
+                       && ((PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
+                           || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
+                       && off + noff < max)
+                   off += noff;
+               if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
+                   ARG(scan) = off;
+               else
+                   NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
+           }
 
-    while (scan && OP(scan) != END && scan < last) {
-       /* Peephole optimizer: */
-       DEBUG_STUDYDATA(data,depth);
-       DEBUG_PEEP("Peep",scan,depth);
-        JOIN_EXACT(scan,&min,0);
-
-       /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
-          away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
-       if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
-           const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
-                      ? I32_MAX
-                      /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
-                      : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
-           int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
-           int noff;
-           regnode *n = scan;
-       
-           /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
-           while ((n = regnext(n))
-                  && ((PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
-                      || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
-                  && off + noff < max)
-               off += noff;
-           if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
-               ARG(scan) = off;
-           else
-               NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
-       }
-
-
-
-       /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
-          look into several different things.  */
-       if (OP(scan) == BRANCH || OP(scan) == BRANCHJ
-                  || OP(scan) == IFTHEN || OP(scan) == SUSPEND) {
-           next = regnext(scan);
-           code = OP(scan);
-           /* demq: the op(next)==code check is to see if we have "branch-branch" AFAICT */
-       
-           if (OP(next) == code || code == IFTHEN || code == SUSPEND) {
-               /* NOTE - There is similar code to this block below for handling
-                  TRIE nodes on a re-study.  If you change stuff here check there
-                  too. */
-               I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX, num = 0;
-               struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
-               regnode * const startbranch=scan;
-               
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) /* XXXX Add !SUSPEND? */
-                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp); /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
-                   cl_init_zero(pRExC_state, &accum);
+           /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
+              look into several different things.  */
+           if (OP(scan) == BRANCH || OP(scan) == BRANCHJ
+                   || OP(scan) == IFTHEN) {
+               next = regnext(scan);
+               code = OP(scan);
+               /* demq: the op(next)==code check is to see if we have "branch-branch" AFAICT */
+
+               if (OP(next) == code || code == IFTHEN) {
+                   /* NOTE - There is similar code to this block below for handling
+                      TRIE nodes on a re-study.  If you change stuff here check there
+                      too. */
+                   I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX, num = 0;
+                   struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
+                   regnode * const startbranch=scan;
+
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
+                       scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp); /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                       cl_init_zero(pRExC_state, &accum);
 
-               while (OP(scan) == code) {
-                   I32 deltanext, minnext, f = 0, fake;
-                   struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+                   while (OP(scan) == code) {
+                       I32 deltanext, minnext, f = 0, fake;
+                       struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
 
-                   num++;
-                   data_fake.flags = 0;
-                   if (data) {
-                       data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
-                       data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
-                   }
-                   else
-                       data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
-                   next = regnext(scan);
-                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   if (code != BRANCH)
+                       num++;
+                       data_fake.flags = 0;
+                       if (data) {
+                           data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+                           data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
+                       }
+                       else
+                           data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
+                       next = regnext(scan);
                        scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                       cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
-                       data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
-                       f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                   }           
-                   if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
-                       f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
-
-                   /* we suppose the run is continuous, last=next...*/
-                   minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, &deltanext,
-                                         next, &data_fake,
-                                         stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
-                   if (min1 > minnext)
-                       min1 = minnext;
-                   if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
-                       max1 = minnext + deltanext;
-                   if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
-                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-                   scan = next;
-                   if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                       pars++;
-                   if (data_fake.flags & SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT) {
-                       if ( stopmin > minnext) 
-                           stopmin = min + min1;
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
-                       if (data)
-                           data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
-                   }
-                   if (data) {
-                       if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                           data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-                       data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                       if (code != BRANCH)
+                           scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                           cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
+                           data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
+                           f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                           f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+
+                       /* we suppose the run is continuous, last=next...*/
+                       minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, &deltanext,
+                               next, &data_fake,
+                               stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
+                       if (min1 > minnext)
+                           min1 = minnext;
+                       if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
+                           max1 = minnext + deltanext;
+                       if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
+                           is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                       scan = next;
+                       if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                           pars++;
+                       if (data_fake.flags & SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT) {
+                           if ( stopmin > minnext)
+                               stopmin = min + min1;
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
+                           if (data)
+                               data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
+                       }
+                       if (data) {
+                           if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                               data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+                           data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                           cl_or(pRExC_state, &accum, &this_class);
                    }
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
-                       cl_or(pRExC_state, &accum, &this_class);
-                   if (code == SUSPEND)
-                       break;
-               }
-               if (code == IFTHEN && num < 2) /* Empty ELSE branch */
-                   min1 = 0;
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   data->pos_min += min1;
-                   data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
-                   if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
-                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
-               }
-               min += min1;
-               delta += max1 - min1;
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-                   cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
-                   if (min1) {
-                       cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   if (code == IFTHEN && num < 2) /* Empty ELSE branch */
+                       min1 = 0;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                       data->pos_min += min1;
+                       data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
+                       if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
+                           data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                    }
-               }
-               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                   if (min1) {
-                       cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   min += min1;
+                   delta += max1 - min1;
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
+                       if (min1) {
+                           cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                       }
                    }
-                   else {
-                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
-                        * data->start_class */
-                       INIT_AND_WITHP;
-                       StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
-                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                       StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
-                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       if (min1) {
+                           cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                           /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
+                            * data->start_class */
+                           INIT_AND_WITHP;
+                           StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
+                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                           StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
+                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                           flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                       }
                    }
-               }
 
-                if (PERL_ENABLE_TRIE_OPTIMISATION && OP( startbranch ) == BRANCH ) {
-               /* demq.
+                   if (PERL_ENABLE_TRIE_OPTIMISATION && OP( startbranch ) == BRANCH ) {
+                       /* demq.
 
-                  Assuming this was/is a branch we are dealing with: 'scan' now
-                  points at the item that follows the branch sequence, whatever
-                  it is. We now start at the beginning of the sequence and look
-                  for subsequences of
+                          Assuming this was/is a branch we are dealing with: 'scan' now
+                          points at the item that follows the branch sequence, whatever
+                          it is. We now start at the beginning of the sequence and look
+                          for subsequences of
 
-                  BRANCH->EXACT=>x1
-                  BRANCH->EXACT=>x2
-                  tail
+                          BRANCH->EXACT=>x1
+                          BRANCH->EXACT=>x2
+                          tail
 
-                  which would be constructed from a pattern like /A|LIST|OF|WORDS/
+                          which would be constructed from a pattern like /A|LIST|OF|WORDS/
 
-                  If we can find such a subseqence we need to turn the first
-                  element into a trie and then add the subsequent branch exact
-                  strings to the trie.
+                          If we can find such a subseqence we need to turn the first
+                          element into a trie and then add the subsequent branch exact
+                          strings to the trie.
 
-                  We have two cases
+                          We have two cases
 
-                    1. patterns where the whole set of branch can be converted. 
+                          1. patterns where the whole set of branch can be converted. 
 
-                    2. patterns where only a subset can be converted.
+                          2. patterns where only a subset can be converted.
 
-                  In case 1 we can replace the whole set with a single regop
-                  for the trie. In case 2 we need to keep the start and end
-                  branchs so
+                          In case 1 we can replace the whole set with a single regop
+                          for the trie. In case 2 we need to keep the start and end
+                          branchs so
 
-                    'BRANCH EXACT; BRANCH EXACT; BRANCH X'
-                    becomes BRANCH TRIE; BRANCH X;
+                          'BRANCH EXACT; BRANCH EXACT; BRANCH X'
+                          becomes BRANCH TRIE; BRANCH X;
 
-                 There is an additional case, that being where there is a 
-                 common prefix, which gets split out into an EXACT like node
-                 preceding the TRIE node.
+                          There is an additional case, that being where there is a 
+                          common prefix, which gets split out into an EXACT like node
+                          preceding the TRIE node.
 
-                 If x(1..n)==tail then we can do a simple trie, if not we make
-                 a "jump" trie, such that when we match the appropriate word
-                 we "jump" to the appopriate tail node. Essentailly we turn
-                 a nested if into a case structure of sorts.
+                          If x(1..n)==tail then we can do a simple trie, if not we make
+                          a "jump" trie, such that when we match the appropriate word
+                          we "jump" to the appopriate tail node. Essentailly we turn
+                          a nested if into a case structure of sorts.
 
-               */
-               
-                   int made=0;
-                   if (!re_trie_maxbuff) {
-                       re_trie_maxbuff = get_sv(RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_NAME, 1);
-                       if (!SvIOK(re_trie_maxbuff))
-                           sv_setiv(re_trie_maxbuff, RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_INIT);
-                   }
-                    if ( SvIV(re_trie_maxbuff)>=0  ) {
-                        regnode *cur;
-                        regnode *first = (regnode *)NULL;
-                        regnode *last = (regnode *)NULL;
-                        regnode *tail = scan;
-                        U8 optype = 0;
-                        U32 count=0;
+                       */
+
+                       int made=0;
+                       if (!re_trie_maxbuff) {
+                           re_trie_maxbuff = get_sv(RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_NAME, 1);
+                           if (!SvIOK(re_trie_maxbuff))
+                               sv_setiv(re_trie_maxbuff, RE_TRIE_MAXBUF_INIT);
+                       }
+                       if ( SvIV(re_trie_maxbuff)>=0  ) {
+                           regnode *cur;
+                           regnode *first = (regnode *)NULL;
+                           regnode *last = (regnode *)NULL;
+                           regnode *tail = scan;
+                           U8 optype = 0;
+                           U32 count=0;
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                        SV * const mysv = sv_newmortal();       /* for dumping */
+                           SV * const mysv = sv_newmortal();       /* for dumping */
 #endif
-                        /* var tail is used because there may be a TAIL
-                           regop in the way. Ie, the exacts will point to the
-                           thing following the TAIL, but the last branch will
-                           point at the TAIL. So we advance tail. If we
-                           have nested (?:) we may have to move through several
-                           tails.
-                         */
-
-                        while ( OP( tail ) == TAIL ) {
-                            /* this is the TAIL generated by (?:) */
-                            tail = regnext( tail );
-                        }
+                           /* var tail is used because there may be a TAIL
+                              regop in the way. Ie, the exacts will point to the
+                              thing following the TAIL, but the last branch will
+                              point at the TAIL. So we advance tail. If we
+                              have nested (?:) we may have to move through several
+                              tails.
+                              */
+
+                           while ( OP( tail ) == TAIL ) {
+                               /* this is the TAIL generated by (?:) */
+                               tail = regnext( tail );
+                           }
 
-                        
-                        DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
-                            regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, tail );
-                            PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*s%s%s\n",
-                                (int)depth * 2 + 2, "", 
-                                "Looking for TRIE'able sequences. Tail node is: ", 
-                                SvPV_nolen_const( mysv )
-                            );
-                        });
-                        
-                        /*
-
-                           step through the branches, cur represents each
-                           branch, noper is the first thing to be matched
-                           as part of that branch and noper_next is the
-                           regnext() of that node. if noper is an EXACT
-                           and noper_next is the same as scan (our current
-                           position in the regex) then the EXACT branch is
-                           a possible optimization target. Once we have
-                           two or more consequetive such branches we can
-                           create a trie of the EXACT's contents and stich
-                           it in place. If the sequence represents all of
-                           the branches we eliminate the whole thing and
-                           replace it with a single TRIE. If it is a
-                           subsequence then we need to stitch it in. This
-                           means the first branch has to remain, and needs
-                           to be repointed at the item on the branch chain
-                           following the last branch optimized. This could
-                           be either a BRANCH, in which case the
-                           subsequence is internal, or it could be the
-                           item following the branch sequence in which
-                           case the subsequence is at the end.
-
-                        */
-
-                        /* dont use tail as the end marker for this traverse */
-                        for ( cur = startbranch ; cur != scan ; cur = regnext( cur ) ) {
-                            regnode * const noper = NEXTOPER( cur );
-#if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(NOJUMPTRIE)
-                            regnode * const noper_next = regnext( noper );
-#endif
 
-                            DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
-                                regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, cur);
-                                PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*s- %s (%d)",
-                                   (int)depth * 2 + 2,"", SvPV_nolen_const( mysv ), REG_NODE_NUM(cur) );
+                           DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
+                                   regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, tail );
+                                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*s%s%s\n",
+                                       (int)depth * 2 + 2, "", 
+                                       "Looking for TRIE'able sequences. Tail node is: ", 
+                                       SvPV_nolen_const( mysv )
+                                       );
+                                   });
+
+                           /*
+
+                              step through the branches, cur represents each
+                              branch, noper is the first thing to be matched
+                              as part of that branch and noper_next is the
+                              regnext() of that node. if noper is an EXACT
+                              and noper_next is the same as scan (our current
+                              position in the regex) then the EXACT branch is
+                              a possible optimization target. Once we have
+                              two or more consequetive such branches we can
+                              create a trie of the EXACT's contents and stich
+                              it in place. If the sequence represents all of
+                              the branches we eliminate the whole thing and
+                              replace it with a single TRIE. If it is a
+                              subsequence then we need to stitch it in. This
+                              means the first branch has to remain, and needs
+                              to be repointed at the item on the branch chain
+                              following the last branch optimized. This could
+                              be either a BRANCH, in which case the
+                              subsequence is internal, or it could be the
+                              item following the branch sequence in which
+                              case the subsequence is at the end.
 
-                                regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, noper);
-                                PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, " -> %s",
-                                    SvPV_nolen_const(mysv));
+*/
 
-                                if ( noper_next ) {
-                                  regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, noper_next );
-                                  PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,"\t=> %s\t",
-                                    SvPV_nolen_const(mysv));
-                                }
-                                PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "(First==%d,Last==%d,Cur==%d)\n",
-                                   REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(last), REG_NODE_NUM(cur) );
-                            });
-                            if ( (((first && optype!=NOTHING) ? OP( noper ) == optype
-                                         : PL_regkind[ OP( noper ) ] == EXACT )
-                                  || OP(noper) == NOTHING )
+                           /* dont use tail as the end marker for this traverse */
+                           for ( cur = startbranch ; cur != scan ; cur = regnext( cur ) ) {
+                               regnode * const noper = NEXTOPER( cur );
+#if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(NOJUMPTRIE)
+                               regnode * const noper_next = regnext( noper );
+#endif
+
+                               DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
+                                   regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, cur);
+                                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*s- %s (%d)",
+                                       (int)depth * 2 + 2,"", SvPV_nolen_const( mysv ), REG_NODE_NUM(cur) );
+
+                                   regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, noper);
+                                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, " -> %s",
+                                       SvPV_nolen_const(mysv));
+
+                                   if ( noper_next ) {
+                                       regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, noper_next );
+                                       PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,"\t=> %s\t",
+                                           SvPV_nolen_const(mysv));
+                                   }
+                                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "(First==%d,Last==%d,Cur==%d)\n",
+                                       REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(last), REG_NODE_NUM(cur) );
+                               });
+                               if ( (((first && optype!=NOTHING) ? OP( noper ) == optype
+                                               : PL_regkind[ OP( noper ) ] == EXACT )
+                                           || OP(noper) == NOTHING )
 #ifdef NOJUMPTRIE
-                                  && noper_next == tail
+                                       && noper_next == tail
 #endif
-                                  && count < U16_MAX)
-                            {
-                                count++;
-                                if ( !first || optype == NOTHING ) {
-                                    if (!first) first = cur;
-                                    optype = OP( noper );
-                                } else {
-                                    last = cur;
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                if ( last ) {
-                                    make_trie( pRExC_state, 
-                                            startbranch, first, cur, tail, count, 
-                                            optype, depth+1 );
-                                }
-                                if ( PL_regkind[ OP( noper ) ] == EXACT
+                                       && count < U16_MAX)
+                               {
+                                   count++;
+                                   if ( !first || optype == NOTHING ) {
+                                       if (!first) first = cur;
+                                       optype = OP( noper );
+                                   } else {
+                                       last = cur;
+                                   }
+                               } else {
+                                   if ( last ) {
+                                       make_trie( pRExC_state,
+                                               startbranch, first, cur, tail, count,
+                                               optype, depth+1 );
+                                   }
+                                   if ( PL_regkind[ OP( noper ) ] == EXACT
 #ifdef NOJUMPTRIE
-                                     && noper_next == tail
+                                           && noper_next == tail
 #endif
-                                ){
-                                    count = 1;
-                                    first = cur;
-                                    optype = OP( noper );
-                                } else {
-                                    count = 0;
-                                    first = NULL;
-                                    optype = 0;
-                                }
-                                last = NULL;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
-                            regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, cur);
-                            PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                              "%*s- %s (%d) <SCAN FINISHED>\n", (int)depth * 2 + 2,
-                              "", SvPV_nolen_const( mysv ),REG_NODE_NUM(cur));
-
-                        });
-                        if ( last ) {
-                            made= make_trie( pRExC_state, startbranch, first, scan, tail, count, optype, depth+1 );
+                                       ) {
+                                       count = 1;
+                                       first = cur;
+                                       optype = OP( noper );
+                                   } else {
+                                       count = 0;
+                                       first = NULL;
+                                       optype = 0;
+                                   }
+                                   last = NULL;
+                               }
+                           }
+                           DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r({
+                                   regprop(RExC_rx, mysv, cur);
+                                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
+                                       "%*s- %s (%d) <SCAN FINISHED>\n", (int)depth * 2 + 2,
+                                       "", SvPV_nolen_const( mysv ),REG_NODE_NUM(cur));
+
+                                   });
+                           if ( last ) {
+                               made= make_trie( pRExC_state, startbranch, first, scan, tail, count, optype, depth+1 );
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT  
-                            if ( ((made == MADE_EXACT_TRIE && 
-                                 startbranch == first) 
-                                 || ( first_non_open == first )) && 
-                                 depth==0 ) {
-                                flags |= SCF_TRIE_RESTUDY;
-                                if ( startbranch == first 
-                                     && scan == tail ) 
-                                {
-                                    RExC_seen &=~REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES;
-                                }
-                            }
+                               if ( ((made == MADE_EXACT_TRIE &&
+                                               startbranch == first)
+                                           || ( first_non_open == first )) &&
+                                       depth==0 ) {
+                                   flags |= SCF_TRIE_RESTUDY;
+                                   if ( startbranch == first
+                                           && scan == tail )
+                                   {
+                                       RExC_seen &=~REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES;
+                                   }
+                               }
 #endif
-                        }
-                    }
-                    
-                } /* do trie */
-                
-           }
-           else if ( code == BRANCHJ ) {  /* single branch is optimized. */
-               scan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
-           } else                      /* single branch is optimized. */
-               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-           continue;
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == EXACT) {
-           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
-           UV uc;
-           if (UTF) {
-               const U8 * const s = (U8*)STRING(scan);
-               l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
-               uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
-           } else {
-               uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
-           }
-           min += l;
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) { /* Update longest substr. */
-               /* The code below prefers earlier match for fixed
-                  offset, later match for variable offset.  */
-               if (data->last_end == -1) { /* Update the start info. */
-                   data->last_start_min = data->pos_min;
-                   data->last_start_max = is_inf
-                       ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta;
+                           }
+                       }
+
+                   } /* do trie */
+
                }
-               sv_catpvn(data->last_found, STRING(scan), STR_LEN(scan));
-               if (UTF)
-                   SvUTF8_on(data->last_found);
-               {
-                   SV * const sv = data->last_found;
-                   MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
-                       mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
-                   if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
-                       mg->mg_len += utf8_length((U8*)STRING(scan),
-                                                 (U8*)STRING(scan)+STR_LEN(scan));
+               else if ( code == BRANCHJ ) {  /* single branch is optimized. */
+                   scan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
+               } else                  /* single branch is optimized. */
+                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+               continue;
+           } else if (OP(scan) == SUSPEND || OP(scan) == GOSUB || OP(scan) == GOSTART) {
+               scan_frame *newframe = NULL;
+               I32 paren;
+               regnode *start;
+               regnode *end;
+
+               if (OP(scan) != SUSPEND) {
+                   /* set the pointer */
+                   if (OP(scan) == GOSUB) {
+                       paren = ARG(scan);
+                       RExC_recurse[ARG2L(scan)] = scan;
+                       start = RExC_open_parens[paren-1];
+                       end   = RExC_close_parens[paren-1];
+                   } else {
+                       paren = 0;
+                       start = RExC_rx->program + 1;
+                       end   = RExC_opend;
+                   }
+                   if (!recursed) {
+                       Newxz(recursed, (((RExC_npar)>>3) +1), U8);
+                       SAVEFREEPV(recursed);
+                   }
+                   if (!PAREN_TEST(recursed,paren+1)) {
+                       PAREN_SET(recursed,paren+1);
+                       Newx(newframe,1,scan_frame);
+                   } else {
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                           scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
+                           data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                       }
+                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                           cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   }
+               } else {             
+                   Newx(newframe,1,scan_frame);
+                   paren = stopparen;
+                   start = scan+2;
+                   end = regnext(scan);
                }
-               data->last_end = data->pos_min + l;
-               data->pos_min += l; /* As in the first entry. */
-               data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
-           }
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
-               int compat = 1;
-
-               if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
-                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
-                   && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
-                       || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
-                    )
-                   compat = 0;
-               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
-               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
-               if (compat)
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
-               if (uc < 0x100)
-                 data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
-           }
-           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-               /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded */
-               if (uc < 0x100)
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
-               else
-                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
-               cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
-           }
-           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-       }
-       else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT) { /* But OP != EXACT! */
-           I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
-           UV uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
-
-           /* Search for fixed substrings supports EXACT only. */
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-               assert(data);
-               scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp);
-           }
-           if (UTF) {
-               const U8 * const s = (U8 *)STRING(scan);
-               l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
-               uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
+               if (newframe) {
+                   assert(start);
+                   assert(end);
+                   SAVEFREEPV(newframe);
+                   newframe->next = regnext(scan);
+                   newframe->last = end;
+                   newframe->stop = stopparen;
+                   newframe->prev = frame;
+                   frame = newframe;
+                   scan =  start;
+                   stopparen = paren;
+                   continue;
+               } 
            }
-           min += l;
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
-               data->pos_min += l;
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-               /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
-               int compat = 1;
-
-               if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
-                   && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
-                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
-                   compat = 0;
-               ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
-               ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
-               if (compat) {
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+           else if (OP(scan) == EXACT) {
+               I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
+               UV uc;
+               if (UTF) {
+                   const U8 * const s = (U8*)STRING(scan);
+                   l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
+                   uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
+               } else {
+                   uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
+               }
+               min += l;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) { /* Update longest substr. */
+                   /* The code below prefers earlier match for fixed
+                      offset, later match for variable offset.  */
+                   if (data->last_end == -1) { /* Update the start info. */
+                       data->last_start_min = data->pos_min;
+                       data->last_start_max = is_inf
+                           ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta;
+                   }
+                   sv_catpvn(data->last_found, STRING(scan), STR_LEN(scan));
+                   if (UTF)
+                       SvUTF8_on(data->last_found);
+                   {
+                       SV * const sv = data->last_found;
+                       MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
+                           mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
+                       if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
+                           mg->mg_len += utf8_length((U8*)STRING(scan),
+                                   (U8*)STRING(scan)+STR_LEN(scan));
+                   }
+                   data->last_end = data->pos_min + l;
+                   data->pos_min += l; /* As in the first entry. */
+                   data->flags &= ~SF_BEFORE_EOL;
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                   /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+                   int compat = 1;
+
+                   if (uc >= 0x100 ||
+                           (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                            && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
+                            && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD)
+                                || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
+                      )
+                       compat = 0;
+                   ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+                   if (compat)
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
                    data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
-                   data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_FOLD;
-                   if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL)
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                   if (uc < 0x100)
+                       data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
                }
-           }
-           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) {
-                   /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded.
-                      Assume that the locale settings are the same... */
+               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                   /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded */
                    if (uc < 0x100)
                        ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+                   else
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
                    data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                   cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
                }
-               cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
            }
-           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-       }
-       else if (strchr((const char*)PL_varies,OP(scan))) {
-           I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, fl = 0;
-           I32 f = flags, pos_before = 0;
-           regnode * const oscan = scan;
-           struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
-           struct regnode_charclass_class *oclass = NULL;
-           I32 next_is_eval = 0;
-
-           switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
-           case WHILEM:                /* End of (?:...)* . */
-               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-               goto finish;
-           case PLUS:
-               if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
-                   next = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   if (OP(next) == EXACT || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
-                       mincount = 1;
-                       maxcount = REG_INFTY;
-                       next = regnext(scan);
-                       scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                       goto do_curly;
-                   }
-               }
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
-                   data->pos_min++;
-               min++;
-               /* Fall through. */
-           case STAR:
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                   mincount = 0;
-                   maxcount = REG_INFTY;
-                   next = regnext(scan);
-                   scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
-                   goto do_curly;
-               }
-               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-               scan = regnext(scan);
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
-                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
-               }
-               goto optimize_curly_tail;
-           case CURLY:
-               if (stopparen>0 && (OP(scan)==CURLYN || OP(scan)==CURLYM)
-                   && (scan->flags == stopparen))
-               {
-                   mincount = 1;
-                   maxcount = 1;
-               } else {
-                   mincount = ARG1(scan);
-                   maxcount = ARG2(scan);
-               }
-               next = regnext(scan);
-               if (OP(scan) == CURLYX) {
-                   I32 lp = (data ? *(data->last_closep) : 0);
-                   scan->flags = ((lp <= (I32)U8_MAX) ? (U8)lp : U8_MAX);
-               }
-               scan = NEXTOPER(scan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
-               next_is_eval = (OP(scan) == EVAL);
-             do_curly:
+           else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT) { /* But OP != EXACT! */
+               I32 l = STR_LEN(scan);
+               UV uc = *((U8*)STRING(scan));
+
+               /* Search for fixed substrings supports EXACT only. */
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
-                   pos_before = data->pos_min;
-               }
-               if (data) {
-                   fl = data->flags;
-                   data->flags &= ~(SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR|SF_HAS_EVAL);
-                   if (is_inf)
-                       data->flags |= SF_IS_INF;
+                   assert(data);
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp);
                }
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                   cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
-                   oclass = data->start_class;
-                   data->start_class = &this_class;
-                   f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                   f &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+               if (UTF) {
+                   const U8 * const s = (U8 *)STRING(scan);
+                   l = utf8_length(s, s + l);
+                   uc = utf8_to_uvchr(s, NULL);
                }
-               /* These are the cases when once a subexpression
-                  fails at a particular position, it cannot succeed
-                  even after backtracking at the enclosing scope.
-               
-                  XXXX what if minimal match and we are at the
-                       initial run of {n,m}? */
-               if ((mincount != maxcount - 1) && (maxcount != REG_INFTY))
-                   f &= ~SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
-
-               /* This will finish on WHILEM, setting scan, or on NULL: */
-               minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, &deltanext, 
-                                     last, data, stopparen, recursed, NULL,
-                                     (mincount == 0
-                                       ? (f & ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR) : f),depth+1);
-
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
-                   data->start_class = oclass;
-               if (mincount == 0 || minnext == 0) {
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
-                   }
-                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
-                        * data->start_class */
-                       INIT_AND_WITHP;
-                       StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
-                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                       StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
-                                  struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
-                   }
-               } else {                /* Non-zero len */
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
-                       cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+               min += l;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
+                   data->pos_min += l;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                   /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
+                   int compat = 1;
+
+                   if (uc >= 0x100 ||
+                           (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                            && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
+                            && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold[uc])))
+                       compat = 0;
+                   ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(data->start_class);
+                   ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
+                   if (compat) {
+                       ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+                       data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_FOLD;
+                       if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL)
+                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
                    }
-                   else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
-                       cl_and(data->start_class, &this_class);
-                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                }
-               if (!scan)              /* It was not CURLYX, but CURLY. */
-                   scan = next;
-               if ( /* ? quantifier ok, except for (?{ ... }) */
-                   (next_is_eval || !(mincount == 0 && maxcount == 1))
-                   && (minnext == 0) && (deltanext == 0)
-                   && data && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                   && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3 /* Complement check for big count */
-                   && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
-               {
-                   vWARN(RExC_parse,
-                         "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression");
+               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                   if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_FOLD) {
+                       /* false positive possible if the class is case-folded.
+                          Assume that the locale settings are the same... */
+                       if (uc < 0x100)
+                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
+                       data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                   }
+                   cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
                }
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+           }
+           else if (strchr((const char*)PL_varies,OP(scan))) {
+               I32 mincount, maxcount, minnext, deltanext, fl = 0;
+               I32 f = flags, pos_before = 0;
+               regnode * const oscan = scan;
+               struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+               struct regnode_charclass_class *oclass = NULL;
+               I32 next_is_eval = 0;
 
-               min += minnext * mincount;
-               is_inf_internal |= ((maxcount == REG_INFTY
-                                    && (minnext + deltanext) > 0)
-                                   || deltanext == I32_MAX);
-               is_inf |= is_inf_internal;
-               delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
-
-               /* Try powerful optimization CURLYX => CURLYN. */
-               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
-                     && data->flags & SF_IN_PAR
-                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                     && !deltanext && minnext == 1 ) {
-                   /* Try to optimize to CURLYN.  */
-                   regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
-                   regnode * const nxt1 = nxt;
+               switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
+                   case WHILEM:                /* End of (?:...)* . */
+                       scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                       goto finish;
+                   case PLUS:
+                       if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
+                           next = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                           if (OP(next) == EXACT || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
+                               mincount = 1;
+                               maxcount = REG_INFTY;
+                               next = regnext(scan);
+                               scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                               goto do_curly;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR)
+                           data->pos_min++;
+                       min++;
+                       /* Fall through. */
+                   case STAR:
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                           mincount = 0;
+                           maxcount = REG_INFTY;
+                           next = regnext(scan);
+                           scan = NEXTOPER(scan);
+                           goto do_curly;
+                       }
+                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                       scan = regnext(scan);
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                           scan_commit(pRExC_state, data, minlenp); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
+                           data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                       }
+                       goto optimize_curly_tail;
+                   case CURLY:
+                       if (stopparen>0 && (OP(scan)==CURLYN || OP(scan)==CURLYM)
+                               && (scan->flags == stopparen))
+                       {
+                           mincount = 1;
+                           maxcount = 1;
+                       } else {
+                           mincount = ARG1(scan);
+                           maxcount = ARG2(scan);
+                       }
+                       next = regnext(scan);
+                       if (OP(scan) == CURLYX) {
+                           I32 lp = (data ? *(data->last_closep) : 0);
+                           scan->flags = ((lp <= (I32)U8_MAX) ? (U8)lp : U8_MAX);
+                       }
+                       scan = NEXTOPER(scan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
+                       next_is_eval = (OP(scan) == EVAL);
+do_curly:
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                           if (mincount == 0) scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp); /* Cannot extend fixed substrings */
+                           pos_before = data->pos_min;
+                       }
+                       if (data) {
+                           fl = data->flags;
+                           data->flags &= ~(SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR|SF_HAS_EVAL);
+                           if (is_inf)
+                               data->flags |= SF_IS_INF;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                           cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
+                           oclass = data->start_class;
+                           data->start_class = &this_class;
+                           f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                           f &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       }
+                       /* These are the cases when once a subexpression
+                          fails at a particular position, it cannot succeed
+                          even after backtracking at the enclosing scope.
+
+                          XXXX what if minimal match and we are at the
+                          initial run of {n,m}? */
+                       if ((mincount != maxcount - 1) && (maxcount != REG_INFTY))
+                           f &= ~SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+
+                       /* This will finish on WHILEM, setting scan, or on NULL: */
+                       minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, &deltanext, 
+                               last, data, stopparen, recursed, NULL,
+                               (mincount == 0
+                                ? (f & ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR) : f),depth+1);
+
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                           data->start_class = oclass;
+                       if (mincount == 0 || minnext == 0) {
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                               cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
+                           }
+                           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
+                                * data->start_class */
+                               INIT_AND_WITHP;
+                               StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
+                                       struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                               StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
+                                       struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                               flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                               data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                           }
+                       } else {                /* Non-zero len */
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                               cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &this_class);
+                               cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+                           }
+                           else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                               cl_and(data->start_class, &this_class);
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                       }
+                       if (!scan)              /* It was not CURLYX, but CURLY. */
+                           scan = next;
+                       if ( /* ? quantifier ok, except for (?{ ... }) */
+                               (next_is_eval || !(mincount == 0 && maxcount == 1))
+                               && (minnext == 0) && (deltanext == 0)
+                               && data && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                               && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3 /* Complement check for big count */
+                               && ckWARN(WARN_REGEXP))
+                       {
+                           vWARN(RExC_parse,
+                                   "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression");
+                       }
+
+                       min += minnext * mincount;
+                       is_inf_internal |= ((maxcount == REG_INFTY
+                                   && (minnext + deltanext) > 0)
+                               || deltanext == I32_MAX);
+                       is_inf |= is_inf_internal;
+                       delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
+
+                       /* Try powerful optimization CURLYX => CURLYN. */
+                       if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
+                               && data->flags & SF_IN_PAR
+                               && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                               && !deltanext && minnext == 1 ) {
+                           /* Try to optimize to CURLYN.  */
+                           regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
+                           regnode * const nxt1 = nxt;
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                   regnode *nxt2;
+                           regnode *nxt2;
 #endif
 
-                   /* Skip open. */
-                   nxt = regnext(nxt);
-                   if (!strchr((const char*)PL_simple,OP(nxt))
-                       && !(PL_regkind[OP(nxt)] == EXACT
-                            && STR_LEN(nxt) == 1))
-                       goto nogo;
+                           /* Skip open. */
+                           nxt = regnext(nxt);
+                           if (!strchr((const char*)PL_simple,OP(nxt))
+                                   && !(PL_regkind[OP(nxt)] == EXACT
+                                       && STR_LEN(nxt) == 1))
+                               goto nogo;
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                   nxt2 = nxt;
+                           nxt2 = nxt;
 #endif
-                   nxt = regnext(nxt);
-                   if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
-                       goto nogo;
-                   if (RExC_open_parens) {
-                       RExC_open_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=oscan; /*open->CURLYM*/
-                       RExC_close_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=nxt+2; /*close->while*/
-                   }
-                   /* Now we know that nxt2 is the only contents: */
-                   oscan->flags = (U8)ARG(nxt);
-                   OP(oscan) = CURLYN;
-                   OP(nxt1) = NOTHING; /* was OPEN. */
+                           nxt = regnext(nxt);
+                           if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
+                               goto nogo;
+                           if (RExC_open_parens) {
+                               RExC_open_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=oscan; /*open->CURLYM*/
+                               RExC_close_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=nxt+2; /*close->while*/
+                           }
+                           /* Now we know that nxt2 is the only contents: */
+                           oscan->flags = (U8)ARG(nxt);
+                           OP(oscan) = CURLYN;
+                           OP(nxt1) = NOTHING; /* was OPEN. */
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                   OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
-                   NEXT_OFF(nxt1+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
-                   NEXT_OFF(nxt2) = 0; /* just for consistancy with CURLY. */
-                   OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;        /* was CLOSE. */
-                   OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
-                   NEXT_OFF(nxt+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                           OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                           NEXT_OFF(nxt1+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                           NEXT_OFF(nxt2) = 0; /* just for consistancy with CURLY. */
+                           OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;        /* was CLOSE. */
+                           OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                           NEXT_OFF(nxt+ 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
 #endif
-               }
-             nogo:
-
-               /* Try optimization CURLYX => CURLYM. */
-               if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
-                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_PAR)
-                     && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                     && !deltanext     /* atom is fixed width */
-                     && minnext != 0   /* CURLYM can't handle zero width */
-               ) {
-                   /* XXXX How to optimize if data == 0? */
-                   /* Optimize to a simpler form.  */
-                   regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN */
-                   regnode *nxt2;
-
-                   OP(oscan) = CURLYM;
-                   while ( (nxt2 = regnext(nxt)) /* skip over embedded stuff*/
-                           && (OP(nxt2) != WHILEM))
-                       nxt = nxt2;
-                   OP(nxt2)  = SUCCEED; /* Whas WHILEM */
-                   /* Need to optimize away parenths. */
-                   if (data->flags & SF_IN_PAR) {
-                       /* Set the parenth number.  */
-                       regnode *nxt1 = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN*/
-
-                       if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
-                           FAIL("Panic opt close");
-                       oscan->flags = (U8)ARG(nxt);
-                       if (RExC_open_parens) {
-                           RExC_open_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=oscan; /*open->CURLYM*/
-                           RExC_close_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=nxt2+1; /*close->NOTHING*/
                        }
-                       OP(nxt1) = OPTIMIZED;   /* was OPEN. */
-                       OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;    /* was CLOSE. */
+nogo:
+
+                       /* Try optimization CURLYX => CURLYM. */
+                       if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
+                               && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_PAR)
+                               && !(data->flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                               && !deltanext   /* atom is fixed width */
+                               && minnext != 0 /* CURLYM can't handle zero width */
+                          ) {
+                           /* XXXX How to optimize if data == 0? */
+                           /* Optimize to a simpler form.  */
+                           regnode *nxt = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN */
+                           regnode *nxt2;
+
+                           OP(oscan) = CURLYM;
+                           while ( (nxt2 = regnext(nxt)) /* skip over embedded stuff*/
+                                   && (OP(nxt2) != WHILEM))
+                               nxt = nxt2;
+                           OP(nxt2)  = SUCCEED; /* Whas WHILEM */
+                           /* Need to optimize away parenths. */
+                           if (data->flags & SF_IN_PAR) {
+                               /* Set the parenth number.  */
+                               regnode *nxt1 = NEXTOPER(oscan) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS; /* OPEN*/
+
+                               if (OP(nxt) != CLOSE)
+                                   FAIL("Panic opt close");
+                               oscan->flags = (U8)ARG(nxt);
+                               if (RExC_open_parens) {
+                                   RExC_open_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=oscan; /*open->CURLYM*/
+                                   RExC_close_parens[ARG(nxt1)-1]=nxt2+1; /*close->NOTHING*/
+                               }
+                               OP(nxt1) = OPTIMIZED;   /* was OPEN. */
+                               OP(nxt) = OPTIMIZED;    /* was CLOSE. */
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-                       OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
-                       OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
-                       NEXT_OFF(nxt1 + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
-                       NEXT_OFF(nxt + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                               OP(nxt1 + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                               OP(nxt + 1) = OPTIMIZED; /* was count. */
+                               NEXT_OFF(nxt1 + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
+                               NEXT_OFF(nxt + 1) = 0; /* just for consistancy. */
 #endif
 #if 0
-                       while ( nxt1 && (OP(nxt1) != WHILEM)) {
-                           regnode *nnxt = regnext(nxt1);
-                       
-                           if (nnxt == nxt) {
-                               if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(nxt1)])
-                                   ARG_SET(nxt1, nxt2 - nxt1);
-                               else if (nxt2 - nxt1 < U16_MAX)
-                                   NEXT_OFF(nxt1) = nxt2 - nxt1;
-                               else
-                                   OP(nxt) = NOTHING;  /* Cannot beautify */
+                               while ( nxt1 && (OP(nxt1) != WHILEM)) {
+                                   regnode *nnxt = regnext(nxt1);
+
+                                   if (nnxt == nxt) {
+                                       if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(nxt1)])
+                                           ARG_SET(nxt1, nxt2 - nxt1);
+                                       else if (nxt2 - nxt1 < U16_MAX)
+                                           NEXT_OFF(nxt1) = nxt2 - nxt1;
+                                       else
+                                           OP(nxt) = NOTHING;  /* Cannot beautify */
+                                   }
+                                   nxt1 = nnxt;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               /* Optimize again: */
+                               study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nxt1, minlenp, &deltanext, nxt,
+                                       NULL, stopparen, recursed, NULL, 0,depth+1);
                            }
-                           nxt1 = nnxt;
+                           else
+                               oscan->flags = 0;
                        }
-#endif
-                       /* Optimize again: */
-                       study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nxt1, minlenp, &deltanext, nxt,
-                                   NULL, stopparen, recursed, NULL, 0,depth+1);
-                   }
-                   else
-                       oscan->flags = 0;
-               }
-               else if ((OP(oscan) == CURLYX)
-                        && (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
-                        /* See the comment on a similar expression above.
-                           However, this time it not a subexpression
-                           we care about, but the expression itself. */
-                        && (maxcount == REG_INFTY)
-                        && data && ++data->whilem_c < 16) {
-                   /* This stays as CURLYX, we can put the count/of pair. */
-                   /* Find WHILEM (as in regexec.c) */
-                   regnode *nxt = oscan + NEXT_OFF(oscan);
-
-                   if (OP(PREVOPER(nxt)) == NOTHING) /* LONGJMP */
-                       nxt += ARG(nxt);
-                   PREVOPER(nxt)->flags = (U8)(data->whilem_c
-                       | (RExC_whilem_seen << 4)); /* On WHILEM */
-               }
-               if (data && fl & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                   pars++;
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   SV *last_str = NULL;
-                   int counted = mincount != 0;
+                       else if ((OP(oscan) == CURLYX)
+                               && (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                               /* See the comment on a similar expression above.
+                                  However, this time it not a subexpression
+                                  we care about, but the expression itself. */
+                               && (maxcount == REG_INFTY)
+                               && data && ++data->whilem_c < 16) {
+                           /* This stays as CURLYX, we can put the count/of pair. */
+                           /* Find WHILEM (as in regexec.c) */
+                           regnode *nxt = oscan + NEXT_OFF(oscan);
+
+                           if (OP(PREVOPER(nxt)) == NOTHING) /* LONGJMP */
+                               nxt += ARG(nxt);
+                           PREVOPER(nxt)->flags = (U8)(data->whilem_c
+                                   | (RExC_whilem_seen << 4)); /* On WHILEM */
+                       }
+                       if (data && fl & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                           pars++;
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                           SV *last_str = NULL;
+                           int counted = mincount != 0;
 
-                   if (data->last_end > 0 && mincount != 0) { /* Ends with a string. */
+                           if (data->last_end > 0 && mincount != 0) { /* Ends with a string. */
 #if defined(SPARC64_GCC_WORKAROUND)
-                       I32 b = 0;
-                       STRLEN l = 0;
-                       const char *s = NULL;
-                       I32 old = 0;
+                               I32 b = 0;
+                               STRLEN l = 0;
+                               const char *s = NULL;
+                               I32 old = 0;
 
-                       if (pos_before >= data->last_start_min)
-                           b = pos_before;
-                       else
-                           b = data->last_start_min;
+                               if (pos_before >= data->last_start_min)
+                                   b = pos_before;
+                               else
+                                   b = data->last_start_min;
 
-                       l = 0;
-                       s = SvPV_const(data->last_found, l);
-                       old = b - data->last_start_min;
+                               l = 0;
+                               s = SvPV_const(data->last_found, l);
+                               old = b - data->last_start_min;
 
 #else
-                       I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min
-                           ? pos_before : data->last_start_min;
-                       STRLEN l;
-                       const char * const s = SvPV_const(data->last_found, l);
-                       I32 old = b - data->last_start_min;
+                               I32 b = pos_before >= data->last_start_min
+                                   ? pos_before : data->last_start_min;
+                               STRLEN l;
+                               const char * const s = SvPV_const(data->last_found, l);
+                               I32 old = b - data->last_start_min;
 #endif
 
-                       if (UTF)
-                           old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
-                       
-                       l -= old;
-                       /* Get the added string: */
-                       last_str = newSVpvn(s  + old, l);
-                       if (UTF)
-                           SvUTF8_on(last_str);
-                       if (deltanext == 0 && pos_before == b) {
-                           /* What was added is a constant string */
-                           if (mincount > 1) {
-                               SvGROW(last_str, (mincount * l) + 1);
-                               repeatcpy(SvPVX(last_str) + l,
-                                         SvPVX_const(last_str), l, mincount - 1);
-                               SvCUR_set(last_str, SvCUR(last_str) * mincount);
-                               /* Add additional parts. */
-                               SvCUR_set(data->last_found,
-                                         SvCUR(data->last_found) - l);
-                               sv_catsv(data->last_found, last_str);
-                               {
-                                   SV * sv = data->last_found;
-                                   MAGIC *mg =
-                                       SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
+                               if (UTF)
+                                   old = utf8_hop((U8*)s, old) - (U8*)s;
+
+                               l -= old;
+                               /* Get the added string: */
+                               last_str = newSVpvn(s  + old, l);
+                               if (UTF)
+                                   SvUTF8_on(last_str);
+                               if (deltanext == 0 && pos_before == b) {
+                                   /* What was added is a constant string */
+                                   if (mincount > 1) {
+                                       SvGROW(last_str, (mincount * l) + 1);
+                                       repeatcpy(SvPVX(last_str) + l,
+                                               SvPVX_const(last_str), l, mincount - 1);
+                                       SvCUR_set(last_str, SvCUR(last_str) * mincount);
+                                       /* Add additional parts. */
+                                       SvCUR_set(data->last_found,
+                                               SvCUR(data->last_found) - l);
+                                       sv_catsv(data->last_found, last_str);
+                                       {
+                                           SV * sv = data->last_found;
+                                           MAGIC *mg =
+                                               SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
+                                               mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
+                                           if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
+                                               mg->mg_len += CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                                       }
+                                       data->last_end += l * (mincount - 1);
+                                   }
+                               } else {
+                                   /* start offset must point into the last copy */
+                                   data->last_start_min += minnext * (mincount - 1);
+                                   data->last_start_max += is_inf ? I32_MAX
+                                       : (maxcount - 1) * (minnext + data->pos_delta);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           /* It is counted once already... */
+                           data->pos_min += minnext * (mincount - counted);
+                           data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
+                               (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
+                           if (mincount != maxcount) {
+                               /* Cannot extend fixed substrings found inside
+                                  the group.  */
+                               scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
+                               if (mincount && last_str) {
+                                   SV * const sv = data->last_found;
+                                   MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
                                        mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
-                                   if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
-                                       mg->mg_len += CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+
+                                   if (mg)
+                                       mg->mg_len = -1;
+                                   sv_setsv(sv, last_str);
+                                   data->last_end = data->pos_min;
+                                   data->last_start_min =
+                                       data->pos_min - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                                   data->last_start_max = is_inf
+                                       ? I32_MAX
+                                       : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta
+                                       - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
                                }
-                               data->last_end += l * (mincount - 1);
+                               data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                            }
-                       } else {
-                           /* start offset must point into the last copy */
-                           data->last_start_min += minnext * (mincount - 1);
-                           data->last_start_max += is_inf ? I32_MAX
-                               : (maxcount - 1) * (minnext + data->pos_delta);
+                           SvREFCNT_dec(last_str);
                        }
-                   }
-                   /* It is counted once already... */
-                   data->pos_min += minnext * (mincount - counted);
-                   data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
-                       (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
-                   if (mincount != maxcount) {
-                        /* Cannot extend fixed substrings found inside
-                           the group.  */
-                       scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
-                       if (mincount && last_str) {
-                           SV * const sv = data->last_found;
-                           MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ?
-                               mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
-
-                           if (mg)
-                               mg->mg_len = -1;
-                           sv_setsv(sv, last_str);
-                           data->last_end = data->pos_min;
-                           data->last_start_min =
-                               data->pos_min - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
-                           data->last_start_max = is_inf
-                               ? I32_MAX
-                               : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta
-                               - CHR_SVLEN(last_str);
+                       if (data && (fl & SF_HAS_EVAL))
+                           data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+optimize_curly_tail:
+                       if (OP(oscan) != CURLYX) {
+                           while (PL_regkind[OP(next = regnext(oscan))] == NOTHING
+                                   && NEXT_OFF(next))
+                               NEXT_OFF(oscan) += NEXT_OFF(next);
                        }
-                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                       continue;
+                   default:                    /* REF and CLUMP only? */
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                           scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);      /* Cannot expect anything... */
+                           data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                       }
+                       is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                           cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                       break;
+               }
+           }
+           else if (strchr((const char*)PL_simple,OP(scan))) {
+               int value = 0;
+
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
+                   data->pos_min++;
+               }
+               min++;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;     /* No match on empty */
+
+                   /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
+                      locale on will only add false positives. */
+                   switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
+                       case SANY:
+                       default:
+do_default:
+                           /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan)); */
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
+                               cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                           break;
+                       case REG_ANY:
+                           if (OP(scan) == SANY)
+                               goto do_default;
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
+                               value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
+                                       || (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_CLASS));
+                               cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                           }
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
+                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class,'\n');
+                           break;
+                       case ANYOF:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
+                               cl_and(data->start_class,
+                                       (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                           else
+                               cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
+                                       (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
+                           break;
+                       case ALNUM:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (isALNUM(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case ALNUML:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                               data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case NALNUM:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (isALNUM(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isALNUM(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case NALNUML:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case SPACE:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (isSPACE(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case SPACEL:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case NSPACE:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (isSPACE(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case NSPACEL:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isSPACE(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                               }
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case DIGIT:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                               for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                   if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                                       ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (isDIGIT(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
+                       case NDIGIT:
+                           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                               ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
+                               for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                   if (isDIGIT(value))
+                                       ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                           }
+                           else {
+                               if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
+                                   ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
+                               else {
+                                   for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
+                                       if (!isDIGIT(value))
+                                           ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                               }
+                           }
+                           break;
                    }
-                   SvREFCNT_dec(last_str);
-               }
-               if (data && (fl & SF_HAS_EVAL))
-                   data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-             optimize_curly_tail:
-               if (OP(oscan) != CURLYX) {
-                   while (PL_regkind[OP(next = regnext(oscan))] == NOTHING
-                          && NEXT_OFF(next))
-                       NEXT_OFF(oscan) += NEXT_OFF(next);
-               }
-               continue;
-           default:                    /* REF and CLUMP only? */
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);      /* Cannot expect anything... */
-                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
                }
-               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
-                   cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
-               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-               break;
            }
-       }
-       else if (strchr((const char*)PL_simple,OP(scan))) {
-           int value = 0;
-
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-               scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
-               data->pos_min++;
+           else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EOL && flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+               data->flags |= (OP(scan) == MEOL
+                       ? SF_BEFORE_MEOL
+                       : SF_BEFORE_SEOL);
            }
-           min++;
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+           else if (  PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == BRANCHJ
+                   /* Lookbehind, or need to calculate parens/evals/stclass: */
+                   && (scan->flags || data || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
+                   && (OP(scan) == IFMATCH || OP(scan) == UNLESSM)) {
+               if ( !PERL_ENABLE_POSITIVE_ASSERTION_STUDY 
+                       || OP(scan) == UNLESSM )
+               {
+                   /* Negative Lookahead/lookbehind
+                      In this case we can't do fixed string optimisation.
+                      */
 
-               /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
-                  locale on will only add false positives. */
-               switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
-               case SANY:
-               default:
-                 do_default:
-                   /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan)); */
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
-                       cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
-                   break;
-               case REG_ANY:
-                   if (OP(scan) == SANY)
-                       goto do_default;
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
-                       value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
-                                || (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_CLASS));
-                       cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
+                   I32 deltanext, minnext, fake = 0;
+                   regnode *nscan;
+                   struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
+                   int f = 0;
+
+                   data_fake.flags = 0;
+                   if (data) {
+                       data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+                       data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
                    }
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
-                       ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class,'\n');
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
-                       cl_and(data->start_class,
-                              (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
                    else
-                       cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
-                             (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
-                   break;
-               case ALNUM:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isALNUM(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (isALNUM(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case ALNUML:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NALNUM:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (isALNUM(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isALNUM(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NALNUML:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_ALNUM);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NALNUM);
+                       data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
+                   if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
+                           && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
+                       cl_init(pRExC_state, &intrnl);
+                       data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
+                       f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
                    }
-                   break;
-               case SPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isSPACE(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                       f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+                   nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
+                   minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nscan, minlenp, &deltanext, 
+                           last, &data_fake, stopparen, recursed, NULL, f, depth+1);
+                   if (scan->flags) {
+                       if (deltanext) {
+                           vFAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
                        }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (isSPACE(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       else if (minnext > (I32)U8_MAX) {
+                           vFAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
                        }
+                       scan->flags = (U8)minnext;
                    }
-                   break;
-               case SPACEL:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
+                   if (data) {
+                       if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                           pars++;
+                       if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                           data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+                       data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
                    }
-                   else {
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
+                   if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
+                       if (was)
+                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
                    }
-                   break;
-               case NSPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (isSPACE(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+               }
+#if PERL_ENABLE_POSITIVE_ASSERTION_STUDY
+               else {
+                   /* Positive Lookahead/lookbehind
+                      In this case we can do fixed string optimisation,
+                      but we must be careful about it. Note in the case of
+                      lookbehind the positions will be offset by the minimum
+                      length of the pattern, something we won't know about
+                      until after the recurse.
+                      */
+                   I32 deltanext, fake = 0;
+                   regnode *nscan;
+                   struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
+                   int f = 0;
+                   /* We use SAVEFREEPV so that when the full compile 
+                      is finished perl will clean up the allocated 
+                      minlens when its all done. This was we don't
+                      have to worry about freeing them when we know
+                      they wont be used, which would be a pain.
+                      */
+                   I32 *minnextp;
+                   Newx( minnextp, 1, I32 );
+                   SAVEFREEPV(minnextp);
+
+                   if (data) {
+                       StructCopy(data, &data_fake, scan_data_t);
+                       if ((flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && data->last_found) {
+                           f |= SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
+                           if (scan->flags) 
+                               scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data_fake,minlenp);
+                           data_fake.last_found=newSVsv(data->last_found);
                        }
                    }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isSPACE(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
-                       }
+                   else
+                       data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
+                   data_fake.flags = 0;
+                   if (is_inf)
+                       data_fake.flags |= SF_IS_INF;
+                   if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
+                           && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
+                       cl_init(pRExC_state, &intrnl);
+                       data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
+                       f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
                    }
-                   break;
-               case NSPACEL:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isSPACE(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+                   if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                       f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+                   nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
+
+                   *minnextp = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nscan, minnextp, &deltanext, 
+                           last, &data_fake, stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
+                   if (scan->flags) {
+                       if (deltanext) {
+                           vFAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
                        }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case DIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (isDIGIT(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                       else if (*minnextp > (I32)U8_MAX) {
+                           vFAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
                        }
+                       scan->flags = (U8)*minnextp;
                    }
-                   break;
-               case NDIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
+
+                   *minnextp += min;
+
+                   if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                       const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
+                       if (was)
+                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
                    }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                       else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);                 
+                   if (data) {
+                       if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                           pars++;
+                       if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                           data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+                       data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                       if ((flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && data_fake.last_found) {
+                           if (RExC_rx->minlen<*minnextp)
+                               RExC_rx->minlen=*minnextp;
+                           scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data_fake, minnextp);
+                           SvREFCNT_dec(data_fake.last_found);
+
+                           if ( data_fake.minlen_fixed != minlenp ) 
+                           {
+                               data->offset_fixed= data_fake.offset_fixed;
+                               data->minlen_fixed= data_fake.minlen_fixed;
+                               data->lookbehind_fixed+= scan->flags;
+                           }
+                           if ( data_fake.minlen_float != minlenp )
+                           {
+                               data->minlen_float= data_fake.minlen_float;
+                               data->offset_float_min=data_fake.offset_float_min;
+                               data->offset_float_max=data_fake.offset_float_max;
+                               data->lookbehind_float+= scan->flags;
+                           }
                        }
                    }
-                   break;
-               }
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
-                   cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
-               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-           }
-       }
-       else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EOL && flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-           data->flags |= (OP(scan) == MEOL
-                           ? SF_BEFORE_MEOL
-                           : SF_BEFORE_SEOL);
-       }
-       else if (  PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == BRANCHJ
-                /* Lookbehind, or need to calculate parens/evals/stclass: */
-                  && (scan->flags || data || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
-                  && (OP(scan) == IFMATCH || OP(scan) == UNLESSM)) {
-            if ( !PERL_ENABLE_POSITIVE_ASSERTION_STUDY 
-                || OP(scan) == UNLESSM )
-            {
-                /* Negative Lookahead/lookbehind
-                   In this case we can't do fixed string optimisation.
-                */
 
-                I32 deltanext, minnext, fake = 0;
-                regnode *nscan;
-                struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
-                int f = 0;
 
-                data_fake.flags = 0;
-                if (data) {
-                    data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
-                    data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
                }
-                else
-                    data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
-                if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
-                     && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
-                    cl_init(pRExC_state, &intrnl);
-                    data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
-                    f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-               }
-                if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
-                    f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
-                next = regnext(scan);
-                nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
-                minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nscan, minlenp, &deltanext, 
-                    last, &data_fake, stopparen, recursed, NULL, f, depth+1);
-                if (scan->flags) {
-                    if (deltanext) {
-                        vFAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
-                    }
-                    else if (minnext > (I32)U8_MAX) {
-                        vFAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
-                    }
-                    scan->flags = (U8)minnext;
-                }
-                if (data) {
-                    if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                        pars++;
-                    if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                        data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-                    data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
-                }
-                if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                    const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
-
-                    cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
-                    if (was)
-                        data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
-                }
-           }
-#if PERL_ENABLE_POSITIVE_ASSERTION_STUDY
-            else {
-                /* Positive Lookahead/lookbehind
-                   In this case we can do fixed string optimisation,
-                   but we must be careful about it. Note in the case of
-                   lookbehind the positions will be offset by the minimum
-                   length of the pattern, something we won't know about
-                   until after the recurse.
-                */
-                I32 deltanext, fake = 0;
-                regnode *nscan;
-                struct regnode_charclass_class intrnl;
-                int f = 0;
-                /* We use SAVEFREEPV so that when the full compile 
-                    is finished perl will clean up the allocated 
-                    minlens when its all done. This was we don't
-                    have to worry about freeing them when we know
-                    they wont be used, which would be a pain.
-                 */
-                I32 *minnextp;
-                Newx( minnextp, 1, I32 );
-                SAVEFREEPV(minnextp);
-
-                if (data) {
-                    StructCopy(data, &data_fake, scan_data_t);
-                    if ((flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && data->last_found) {
-                        f |= SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
-                        if (scan->flags) 
-                            scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data_fake,minlenp);
-                        data_fake.last_found=newSVsv(data->last_found);
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                    data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
-                data_fake.flags = 0;
-                if (is_inf)
-                   data_fake.flags |= SF_IS_INF;
-                if ( flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS && !scan->flags
-                     && OP(scan) == IFMATCH ) { /* Lookahead */
-                    cl_init(pRExC_state, &intrnl);
-                    data_fake.start_class = &intrnl;
-                    f |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                }
-                if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
-                    f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
-                next = regnext(scan);
-                nscan = NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan));
-
-                *minnextp = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &nscan, minnextp, &deltanext, 
-                    last, &data_fake, stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
-                if (scan->flags) {
-                    if (deltanext) {
-                        vFAIL("Variable length lookbehind not implemented");
-                    }
-                    else if (*minnextp > (I32)U8_MAX) {
-                        vFAIL2("Lookbehind longer than %"UVuf" not implemented", (UV)U8_MAX);
-                    }
-                    scan->flags = (U8)*minnextp;
-                }
-
-                *minnextp += min;
-
-                if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                    const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
-
-                    cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
-                    if (was)
-                        data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
-                }
-                if (data) {
-                    if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                        pars++;
-                    if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                        data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-                    data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
-                    if ((flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) && data_fake.last_found) {
-                        if (RExC_rx->minlen<*minnextp)
-                            RExC_rx->minlen=*minnextp;
-                        scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data_fake, minnextp);
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(data_fake.last_found);
-                        
-                        if ( data_fake.minlen_fixed != minlenp ) 
-                        {
-                            data->offset_fixed= data_fake.offset_fixed;
-                            data->minlen_fixed= data_fake.minlen_fixed;
-                            data->lookbehind_fixed+= scan->flags;
-                        }
-                        if ( data_fake.minlen_float != minlenp )
-                        {
-                            data->minlen_float= data_fake.minlen_float;
-                            data->offset_float_min=data_fake.offset_float_min;
-                            data->offset_float_max=data_fake.offset_float_max;
-                            data->lookbehind_float+= scan->flags;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-
-           }
 #endif
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
-           if (stopparen != (I32)ARG(scan))
-               pars++;
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == CLOSE) {
-           if (stopparen == (I32)ARG(scan)) {
-               break;
            }
-           if ((I32)ARG(scan) == is_par) {
-               next = regnext(scan);
-
-               if ( next && (OP(next) != WHILEM) && next < last)
-                   is_par = 0;         /* Disable optimization */
-           }
-           if (data)
-               *(data->last_closep) = ARG(scan);
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == GOSUB || OP(scan) == GOSTART) {
-           /* set the pointer */
-           I32 paren;
-           regnode *start;
-           regnode *end;
-           if (OP(scan) == GOSUB) {
-               paren = ARG(scan);
-               RExC_recurse[ARG2L(scan)] = scan;
-                start = RExC_open_parens[paren-1];
-                end   = RExC_close_parens[paren-1];
-            } else {
-                paren = 0;
-                start = RExC_rx->program + 1;
-                end   = RExC_opend;
-            }
-            assert(start);
-            assert(end);
-           if (!recursed) {
-               Newxz(recursed, (((RExC_npar)>>3) +1), U8);
-               SAVEFREEPV(recursed);
+           else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
+               if (stopparen != (I32)ARG(scan))
+                   pars++;
            }
-           if (!PAREN_TEST(recursed,paren+1)) {
-               I32 deltanext = 0;
-               PAREN_SET(recursed,paren+1);
-
-               DEBUG_PEEP("goto",start,depth);
-               min += study_chunk(
-                       pRExC_state,
-                       &start,
-                       minlenp,
-                       &deltanext,
-                       end+1,
-                       data,
-                       paren,
-                       recursed,
-                       and_withp,
-                       flags,depth+1);
-               delta+=deltanext;
-               if (deltanext == I32_MAX) {
-                   is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-                   delta=deltanext;
+           else if (OP(scan) == CLOSE) {
+               if (stopparen == (I32)ARG(scan)) {
+                   break;
                }
-               DEBUG_PEEP("rtrn",end,depth);
-               PAREN_UNSET(recursed,paren+1);
-           } else {
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
-                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               if ((I32)ARG(scan) == is_par) {
+                   next = regnext(scan);
+
+                   if ( next && (OP(next) != WHILEM) && next < last)
+                       is_par = 0;             /* Disable optimization */
                }
-               is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
-                   cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
-               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+               if (data)
+                   *(data->last_closep) = ARG(scan);
            }
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == EVAL) {
+           else if (OP(scan) == EVAL) {
                if (data)
                    data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-       }
-       else if ( PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == ENDLIKE ) {
-           if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-               scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
-               flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
            }
-           if (data && OP(scan)==ACCEPT) {
-               data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
-               if (stopmin > min)
-                   stopmin = min;
+           else if ( PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == ENDLIKE ) {
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
+                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
+               }
+               if (data && OP(scan)==ACCEPT) {
+                   data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
+                   if (stopmin > min)
+                       stopmin = min;
+               }
            }
-       }
-       else if (OP(scan) == LOGICAL && scan->flags == 2) /* Embedded follows */
-       {
+           else if (OP(scan) == LOGICAL && scan->flags == 2) /* Embedded follows */
+           {
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                    scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);
                    data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
@@ -3620,150 +3632,156 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
                    cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-       }
+           }
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT
 #ifdef FULL_TRIE_STUDY
-        else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == TRIE) {
-            /* NOTE - There is similar code to this block above for handling
-               BRANCH nodes on the initial study.  If you change stuff here
-               check there too. */
-            regnode *trie_node= scan;
-            regnode *tail= regnext(scan);
-            reg_trie_data *trie = (reg_trie_data*)RExC_rx->data->data[ ARG(scan) ];
-            I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX;
-            struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
-
-            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) /* XXXX Add !SUSPEND? */
-                scan_commit(pRExC_state, data,minlenp); /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
-            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
-                cl_init_zero(pRExC_state, &accum);
-                
-            if (!trie->jump) {
-                min1= trie->minlen;
-                max1= trie->maxlen;
-            } else {
-                const regnode *nextbranch= NULL;
-                U32 word;
-                
-                for ( word=1 ; word <= trie->wordcount ; word++) 
-                {
-                    I32 deltanext=0, minnext=0, f = 0, fake;
-                    struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
-                    
-                    data_fake.flags = 0;
-                    if (data) {
-                        data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
-                        data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
-                    }
-                    else
-                        data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
-                        
-                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                        cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
-                        data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
-                        f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                    }
-                    if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
-                        f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
-    
-                    if (trie->jump[word]) {
-                        if (!nextbranch)
-                            nextbranch = trie_node + trie->jump[0];
-                        scan= trie_node + trie->jump[word];
-                        /* We go from the jump point to the branch that follows
-                           it. Note this means we need the vestigal unused branches
-                           even though they arent otherwise used.
-                         */
-                        minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, 
-                            &deltanext, (regnode *)nextbranch, &data_fake, 
-                            stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
-                    }
-                    if (nextbranch && PL_regkind[OP(nextbranch)]==BRANCH)
-                        nextbranch= regnext((regnode*)nextbranch);
-                    
-                    if (min1 > (I32)(minnext + trie->minlen))
-                        min1 = minnext + trie->minlen;
-                    if (max1 < (I32)(minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen))
-                        max1 = minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen;
-                    if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
-                        is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
-                    
-                    if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
-                        pars++;
-                    if (data_fake.flags & SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT) {
-                        if ( stopmin > min + min1) 
-                           stopmin = min + min1;
-                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
-                       if (data)
-                           data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
-                   }
-                    if (data) {
-                        if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
-                            data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
-                        data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
-                    }
-                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
-                        cl_or(pRExC_state, &accum, &this_class);
-                }
-            }
-            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-                data->pos_min += min1;
-                data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
-                if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
-                    data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
-            }
-            min += min1;
-            delta += max1 - min1;
-            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
-                cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
-                if (min1) {
-                    cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
-                    flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                if (min1) {
-                    cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
-                    flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
-                }
-                else {
-                    /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
-                     * data->start_class */
-                   INIT_AND_WITHP;
-                    StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
-                               struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                    flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
-                    StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
-                               struct regnode_charclass_class);
-                    flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                    data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
-                }
-            }
-            scan= tail;
-            continue;
-        }
+           else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == TRIE) {
+               /* NOTE - There is similar code to this block above for handling
+                  BRANCH nodes on the initial study.  If you change stuff here
+                  check there too. */
+               regnode *trie_node= scan;
+               regnode *tail= regnext(scan);
+               reg_trie_data *trie = (reg_trie_data*)RExC_rx->data->data[ ARG(scan) ];
+               I32 max1 = 0, min1 = I32_MAX;
+               struct regnode_charclass_class accum;
+
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) /* XXXX Add !SUSPEND? */
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state, data,minlenp); /* Cannot merge strings after this. */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                   cl_init_zero(pRExC_state, &accum);
+
+               if (!trie->jump) {
+                   min1= trie->minlen;
+                   max1= trie->maxlen;
+               } else {
+                   const regnode *nextbranch= NULL;
+                   U32 word;
+
+                   for ( word=1 ; word <= trie->wordcount ; word++) 
+                   {
+                       I32 deltanext=0, minnext=0, f = 0, fake;
+                       struct regnode_charclass_class this_class;
+
+                       data_fake.flags = 0;
+                       if (data) {
+                           data_fake.whilem_c = data->whilem_c;
+                           data_fake.last_closep = data->last_closep;
+                       }
+                       else
+                           data_fake.last_closep = &fake;
+
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
+                           cl_init(pRExC_state, &this_class);
+                           data_fake.start_class = &this_class;
+                           f = SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS)
+                           f |= SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS;
+
+                       if (trie->jump[word]) {
+                           if (!nextbranch)
+                               nextbranch = trie_node + trie->jump[0];
+                           scan= trie_node + trie->jump[word];
+                           /* We go from the jump point to the branch that follows
+                              it. Note this means we need the vestigal unused branches
+                              even though they arent otherwise used.
+                              */
+                           minnext = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, minlenp, 
+                                   &deltanext, (regnode *)nextbranch, &data_fake, 
+                                   stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
+                       }
+                       if (nextbranch && PL_regkind[OP(nextbranch)]==BRANCH)
+                           nextbranch= regnext((regnode*)nextbranch);
+
+                       if (min1 > (I32)(minnext + trie->minlen))
+                           min1 = minnext + trie->minlen;
+                       if (max1 < (I32)(minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen))
+                           max1 = minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen;
+                       if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
+                           is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+
+                       if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
+                           pars++;
+                       if (data_fake.flags & SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT) {
+                           if ( stopmin > min + min1) 
+                               stopmin = min + min1;
+                           flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
+                           if (data)
+                               data->flags |= SCF_SEEN_ACCEPT;
+                       }
+                       if (data) {
+                           if (data_fake.flags & SF_HAS_EVAL)
+                               data->flags |= SF_HAS_EVAL;
+                           data->whilem_c = data_fake.whilem_c;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS)
+                           cl_or(pRExC_state, &accum, &this_class);
+                   }
+               }
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   data->pos_min += min1;
+                   data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
+                   if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
+                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               min += min1;
+               delta += max1 - min1;
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                   cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   }
+               }
+               else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                   if (min1) {
+                       cl_and(data->start_class, &accum);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
+                   }
+                   else {
+                       /* Switch to OR mode: cache the old value of
+                        * data->start_class */
+                       INIT_AND_WITHP;
+                       StructCopy(data->start_class, and_withp,
+                               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND;
+                       StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
+                               struct regnode_charclass_class);
+                       flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
+                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                   }
+               }
+               scan= tail;
+               continue;
+           }
 #else
-       else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == TRIE) {
-           reg_trie_data *trie = (reg_trie_data*)RExC_rx->data->data[ ARG(scan) ];
-           U8*bang=NULL;
-           
-           min += trie->minlen;
-           delta += (trie->maxlen - trie->minlen);
-           flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS; /* xxx */
-            if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
-               scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);  /* Cannot expect anything... */
-               data->pos_min += trie->minlen;
-               data->pos_delta += (trie->maxlen - trie->minlen);
-               if (trie->maxlen != trie->minlen)
-                   data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
-           }
-           if (trie->jump) /* no more substrings -- for now /grr*/
-               flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR; 
-       }
+           else if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == TRIE) {
+               reg_trie_data *trie = (reg_trie_data*)RExC_rx->data->data[ ARG(scan) ];
+               U8*bang=NULL;
+
+               min += trie->minlen;
+               delta += (trie->maxlen - trie->minlen);
+               flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS; /* xxx */
+               if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
+                   scan_commit(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);      /* Cannot expect anything... */
+                   data->pos_min += trie->minlen;
+                   data->pos_delta += (trie->maxlen - trie->minlen);
+                   if (trie->maxlen != trie->minlen)
+                       data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
+               }
+               if (trie->jump) /* no more substrings -- for now /grr*/
+                   flags &= ~SCF_DO_SUBSTR;
+           }
 #endif /* old or new */
-#endif /* TRIE_STUDY_OPT */    
-       /* Else: zero-length, ignore. */
-       scan = regnext(scan);
+#endif /* TRIE_STUDY_OPT */
+           /* Else: zero-length, ignore. */
+           scan = regnext(scan);
+       }
+       DEBUG_PEEP("FEND",scan,depth);
+       scan = frame->next;
+       stopparen = frame->stop;
+       frame = frame->prev;
+
     }
 
   finish:
@@ -8118,6 +8136,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
     sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
+    
     if (OP(o) > REGNODE_MAX)           /* regnode.type is unsigned */
        /* It would be nice to FAIL() here, but this may be called from
           regexec.c, and it would be hard to supply pRExC_state. */
index 358fbb0..5ab10d0 100755 (executable)
@@ -4007,9 +4007,17 @@ for my $c ("z", "\0", "!", chr(254), chr(256)) {
     iseq($all, 'foo((2*3)+4-3) + bar(2*(3+4)-1*(2-3))');
     iseq($all, $_);
 }
+{
+    my $spaces="      ";
+    local $_=join 'bar',$spaces,$spaces;
+    our $count=0;
+    s/(?>\s+bar)(?{$count++})//g;
+    iseq($_,$spaces,"SUSPEND final string");
+    iseq($count,1,"Optimiser should have prevented more than one match");
+}
 
+# Test counter is at bottom of file. Put new tests above here.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 # Keep the following tests last -- they may crash perl
 {   
     # RT#19049 / RT#38869
@@ -4049,7 +4057,7 @@ ok((q(a)x 100) =~ /^(??{'(.)'x 100})/,
     iseq($_,"!Bang!1!Bang!2!Bang!3!Bang!");
 }
 
-# Put new tests above the line, not here.
+# Put new tests above the dotted line about a page above this comment
 
 # Don't forget to update this!
-BEGIN { print "1..1347\n" };
+BEGIN { print "1..1349\n" };