X-Git-Url: https://perl5.git.perl.org/perl5.git/blobdiff_plain/d66be8f9dd1950d2f1f2cf54b4a12386009c7aa5..32da1f0cbb3039b18da95a780824c723ee95d127:/README.hpux diff --git a/README.hpux b/README.hpux index 4cdcf58..e782fd4 100644 --- a/README.hpux +++ b/README.hpux @@ -1,49 +1,161 @@ -If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you -see. It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is -specially designed to be readable as is. +If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see. +It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially +designed to be readable as is. =head1 NAME -README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems +perlhpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems =head1 DESCRIPTION -This document describes various features of HP's Unix operating system (HP-UX) -that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is compiled and/or -runs. +This document describes various features of HP's Unix operating system +(HP-UX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is +compiled and/or runs. + +=head2 Using perl as shipped with HP-UX + +Application release September 2001, HP-UX 11.00 is the first to ship +with Perl. By the time it was perl-5.6.1 in /opt/perl. The first +occurrence is on CD 5012-7954 and can be installed using + + swinstall -s /cdrom perl + +assuming you have mounted that CD on /cdrom. + +That build was a portable hppa-1.1 multithread build that supports large +files compiled with gcc-2.9-hppa-991112. + +If you perform a new installation, then (a newer) Perl will be installed +automatically. Pre-installed HP-UX systems now have more recent versions +of Perl and the updated modules. + +The official (threaded) builds from HP, as they are shipped on the +Application DVD/CD's are available on +L +for both PA-RISC and IPF (Itanium Processor Family). They are built +with the HP ANSI-C compiler. Up till 5.8.8 that was done by ActiveState. + +To see what version is included on the DVD (assumed here to be mounted +on /cdrom), issue this command: + + # swlist -s /cdrom perl + # perl D.5.8.8.B 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language + perl.Perl5-32 D.5.8.8.B 32-bit 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language + with Extensions + perl.Perl5-64 D.5.8.8.B 64-bit 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language + with Extensions + +To see what is installed on your system: + + # swlist -R perl + # perl E.5.8.8.J Perl Programming Language + # perl.Perl5-32 E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Programming Language + with Extensions + perl.Perl5-32.PERL-MAN E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Man Pages for IA + perl.Perl5-32.PERL-RUN E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Binaries for IA + # perl.Perl5-64 E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Programming Language + with Extensions + perl.Perl5-64.PERL-MAN E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Man Pages for IA + perl.Perl5-64.PERL-RUN E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Binaries for IA + +=head2 Using perl from HP's porting centre + +HP porting centre tries to keep up with customer demand and release +updates from the Open Source community. Having precompiled Perl binaries +available is obvious, though "up-to-date" is something relative. At the +moment of writing perl-5.10.1 and 5.28.0 were available. + +The HP porting centres are limited in what systems they are allowed +to port to and they usually choose the two most recent OS versions +available. + +HP has asked the porting centre to move Open Source binaries +from /opt to /usr/local, so binaries produced since the start +of July 2002 are located in /usr/local. + +One of HP porting centres URL's is L +The port currently available is built with GNU gcc. As porting modern +GNU gcc is extremely hard on HP-UX, they are stuck at version gcc-4.2.3. + +=head2 Other prebuilt perl binaries + +To get more perl depots for the whole range of HP-UX, visit +H.Merijn Brand's site at L. +Carefully read the notes to see if the available versions suit your needs. =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -When compiling Perl, the use of an ANSI C compiler is highly recommended. -The C compiler that ships with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that -should only be used to build new kernels. +When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. The C compiler +that ships with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that should only be +used to build new kernels. Perl can be compiled with either HP's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. The -former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no difficulty, -but also can take advantage of features listed later that require the use -of HP compiler-specific command-line flags. +former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no +difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that +require the use of HP compiler-specific command-line flags. -If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and complete, -and be sure to read the Perl README file for more gcc-specific details. +If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and +complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific +details. =head2 PA-RISC -HP's current Unix systems run on its own Precision Architecture (PA-RISC) chip. -HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of chips, but any machine with -this chip in it is quite obsolete and this document will not attempt to address -issues for compiling Perl on the Motorola chipset. +The last and final version of PA-RISC is 2.0, HP no longer sells any +system with these CPU's. + +HP's HP9000 Unix systems run on HP's own Precision Architecture +(PA-RISC) chip. HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of +chips, but any machine with this chip in it is quite obsolete and this +document will not attempt to address issues for compiling Perl on the +Motorola chipset. Even though PA-RISC hardware is not sold anymore, a +lot of machines still running on these CPU's can be found in the wild. + +The last order date for HP 9000 systems was December 31, 2008. + +HP PA-RISC systems are usually referred to with model description "HP 9000". +The last CPU in this series is the PA-8900. Support for PA-RISC +architectured machines officially ended as shown in the following table: + + PA-RISC End-of-Life Roadmap + +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ + | HP9000 | Superdome | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | + | 4-128 | | PA-8800/sx1000 | Summer 2012 | + | cores | | PA-8900/sx1000 | 2014 | + | | | PA-8900/sx2000 | 2015 | + +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ + | HP9000 | rp7410, rp8400 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | + | 2-32 | rp7420, rp8420 | PA-8800/sx1000 | 2012 | + | cores | rp7440, rp8440 | PA-8900/sx1000 | Autumn 2013 | + | | | PA-8900/sx2000 | 2015 | + +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ + | HP9000 | rp44x0 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | + | 1-8 | | PA-8800/rp44x0 | 2012 | + | cores | | PA-8900/rp44x0 | 2014 | + +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ + | HP9000 | rp34x0 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | + | 1-4 | | PA-8800/rp34x0 | 2012 | + | cores | | PA-8900/rp34x0 | 2014 | + +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ -The most recent version of PA-RISC at the time of this document's last update -is 2.0. +A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file +/usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models. The first column corresponds to the last +part of the output of the "model" command. The second column is the +PA-RISC version and the third column is the exact chip type used. +(Start browsing at the bottom to prevent confusion ;-) + + # model + 9000/800/L1000-44 + # grep L1000-44 /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models + L1000-44 2.0 PA8500 =head2 PA-RISC 1.0 The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any system with this chip. -The following systems contain PA-RISC 1.0 chips: +The following systems contained PA-RISC 1.0 chips: - 600, 635, 645, 800, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, - 842, 845, 850, 852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890 + 600, 635, 645, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, 842, 845, 850, + 852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890 =head2 PA-RISC 1.1 @@ -52,62 +164,155 @@ system. The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips: - 705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 743, 745, 747, 750, - 755, 770, 807S, 817S, 827S, 837S, 847S, 857S, 867S, 877S, 887S, 897S, - D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350, D360, D400, - E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30, G40, G50, G60, G70, H30, H40, - H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60, I70, K100, K200, K210, K220, K400, - K410, K420, T500, T520 - + 705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 742, 743, 744, 745, + 747, 750, 755, 770, 777, 778, 779, 800, 801, 803, 806, 807, 809, 811, + 813, 816, 817, 819, 821, 826, 827, 829, 831, 837, 839, 841, 847, 849, + 851, 856, 857, 859, 867, 869, 877, 887, 891, 892, 897, A180, A180C, + B115, B120, B132L, B132L+, B160L, B180L, C100, C110, C115, C120, + C160L, D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350, + D360, D410, DX0, DX5, DXO, E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30, + G40, G50, G60, G70, H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60, + I70, J200, J210, J210XC, K100, K200, K210, K220, K230, K400, K410, + K420, S700i, S715, S744, S760, T500, T520 =head2 PA-RISC 2.0 -The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for 64-bit -integer data. +The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for +64-bit integer data. + +As of the date of this document's last update, the following systems +contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips: + + 700, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 802, 804, 810, 820, 861, 871, 879, 889, + 893, 895, 896, 898, 899, A400, A500, B1000, B2000, C130, C140, C160, + C180, C180+, C180-XP, C200+, C400+, C3000, C360, C3600, CB260, D270, + D280, D370, D380, D390, D650, J220, J2240, J280, J282, J400, J410, + J5000, J5500XM, J5600, J7000, J7600, K250, K260, K260-EG, K270, K360, + K370, K380, K450, K460, K460-EG, K460-XP, K470, K570, K580, L1000, + L2000, L3000, N4000, R380, R390, SD16000, SD32000, SD64000, T540, + T600, V2000, V2200, V2250, V2500, V2600 + +Just before HP took over Compaq, some systems were renamed. the link +that contained the explanation is dead, so here's a short summary: + + HP 9000 A-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp2400 series. + HP 9000 L-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp5400 series. + HP 9000 N-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp7400. + + rp2400, rp2405, rp2430, rp2450, rp2470, rp3410, rp3440, rp4410, + rp4440, rp5400, rp5405, rp5430, rp5450, rp5470, rp7400, rp7405, + rp7410, rp7420, rp7440, rp8400, rp8420, rp8440, Superdome + +The current naming convention is: + + aadddd + ||||`+- 00 - 99 relative capacity & newness (upgrades, etc.) + |||`--- unique number for each architecture to ensure different + ||| systems do not have the same numbering across + ||| architectures + ||`---- 1 - 9 identifies family and/or relative positioning + || + |`----- c = ia32 (cisc) + | p = pa-risc + | x = ia-64 (Itanium & Itanium 2) + | h = housing + `------ t = tower + r = rack optimized + s = super scalable + b = blade + sa = appliance + +=head2 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -The following systems contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips (this is very likely to be -out of date): +An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a +PA-RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running the same version of +HP-UX. If you are building Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that +Perl to also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and ++DS32 should be used. - D270, D280, D370, D380, K250, K260, K370, K380, K450, K460, K570, K580, - T600, V2200 +It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either +the PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms. The command-line flags are accepted, +but the resulting executable will not run when transferred to a PA-RISC +1.0 system. -A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file -/opt/langtools/lib/sched.models. -The first column corresponds to the output of the "uname -m" command -(without the leading "9000/"). -The second column is the PA-RISC version -and the third column is the exact chip type used. +=head2 Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX -=head2 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions +HP-UX also runs on the newer Itanium processor. This requires the use +of HP-UX version 11.23 (11i v2) or 11.31 (11i v3), and with the exception +of a few differences detailed below and in later sections, Perl should +compile with no problems. -An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a -PA-RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running the same version of HP-UX. -If you are building Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that Perl to -to also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and +DS32 -should be used. +Although PA-RISC binaries can run on Itanium systems, you should not +attempt to use a PA-RISC version of Perl on an Itanium system. This is +because shared libraries created on an Itanium system cannot be loaded +while running a PA-RISC executable. + +HP Itanium 2 systems are usually referred to with model description +"HP Integrity". + +=head2 Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6 -It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either the -PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms. +HP also ships servers with the 128-bit Itanium processor(s). The cx26x0 +is told to have Madison 6. As of the date of this document's last update, +the following systems contain Itanium or Itanium 2 chips (this is likely +to be out of date): + + BL60p, BL860c, BL870c, BL890c, cx2600, cx2620, rx1600, rx1620, rx2600, + rx2600hptc, rx2620, rx2660, rx2800, rx3600, rx4610, rx4640, rx5670, + rx6600, rx7420, rx7620, rx7640, rx8420, rx8620, rx8640, rx9610, + sx1000, sx2000 + +To see all about your machine, type + + # model + ia64 hp server rx2600 + # /usr/contrib/bin/machinfo + +=head2 HP-UX versions + +Not all architectures (PA = PA-RISC, IPF = Itanium Processor Family) +support all versions of HP-UX, here is a short list + + HP-UX version Kernel Architecture End-of-factory support + ------------- ------ ------------ ---------------------------------- + 10.20 32 bit PA 30-Jun-2003 + 11.00 32/64 PA 31-Dec-2006 + 11.11 11i v1 32/64 PA 31-Dec-2015 + 11.22 11i v2 64 IPF 30-Apr-2004 + 11.23 11i v2 64 PA & IPF 31-Dec-2015 + 11.31 11i v3 64 PA & IPF 31-Dec-2020 (PA) 31-Dec-2025 (IPF) + +See for the full list of hardware/OS support and expected end-of-life +L =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared libraries). -Shared libraries end with the suffix .sl. +Shared libraries end with the suffix .sl. On Itanium systems, +they end with the suffix .so. -Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC version -are not usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by default. -However, this backwards compatibility may be enabled using the same -+DAportable compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat mentioned above). +Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC +version are not usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by +default. However, this backwards compatibility may be enabled using the +same +DAportable compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat +mentioned above). + +Shared libraries created on an Itanium platform cannot be loaded on +a PA-RISC platform. Shared libraries created on a PA-RISC platform +can only be loaded on an Itanium platform if it is a PA-RISC executable +that is attempting to load the PA-RISC library. A PA-RISC shared +library cannot be loaded into an Itanium executable nor vice-versa. To create a shared library, the following steps must be performed: - 1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module - which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will - tell you in the next step if +Z was needed. + 1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module + which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will + tell you in the next step if +Z was needed. + (For gcc, the appropriate flag is -fpic or -fPIC.) - 2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls - any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must - be included on this line. + 2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls + any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must + be included on this line. (Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by the extension's Makefile). @@ -116,111 +321,389 @@ If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared library creation time, you will get fatal "Unresolved symbol" errors at run time when the library is loaded. -You may create a shared library that referers to another library, which -may be either an archive library or a shared library. If it is a -shared library, this is called a "dependent library". -The dependent library's name is recorded in the main shared library, -but it is not linked into the shared library. -Instead, it is loaded when the main shared library is loaded. +You may create a shared library that refers to another library, which +may be either an archive library or a shared library. If this second +library is a shared library, this is called a "dependent library". The +dependent library's name is recorded in the main shared library, but it +is not linked into the shared library. Instead, it is loaded when the +main shared library is loaded. This can cause problems if you build an +extension on one system and move it to another system where the +libraries may not be located in the same place as on the first system. If the referred library is an archive library, then it is treated as a simple collection of .o modules (all of which must contain PIC). These modules are then linked into the shared library. -Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent library -that is already linked into perl. - -It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries. +Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent +library that is already linked into perl. + +Some extensions, like DB_File and Compress::Zlib use/require prebuilt +libraries for the perl extensions/modules to work. If these libraries +are built using the default configuration, it might happen that you +run into an error like "invalid loader fixup" during load phase. +HP is aware of this problem. Search the HP-UX cxx-dev forums for +discussions about the subject. The short answer is that B +(all libraries, everything) must be compiled with C<+z> or C<+Z> to be +PIC (position independent code). (For gcc, that would be +C<-fpic> or C<-fPIC>). In HP-UX 11.00 or newer the linker +error message should tell the name of the offending object file. + +A more general approach is to intervene manually, as with an example for +the DB_File module, which requires SleepyCat's libdb.sl: + + # cd .../db-3.2.9/build_unix + # vi Makefile + ... add +Z to all cflags to create shared objects + CFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \ + -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6 + CXXFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \ + -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6 + + # make clean + # make + # mkdir tmp + # cd tmp + # ar x ../libdb.a + # ld -b -o libdb-3.2.sl *.o + # mv libdb-3.2.sl /usr/local/lib + # rm *.o + # cd /usr/local/lib + # rm -f libdb.sl + # ln -s libdb-3.2.sl libdb.sl + + # cd .../DB_File-1.76 + # make distclean + # perl Makefile.PL + # make + # make test + # make install + +As of db-4.2.x it is no longer needed to do this by hand. Sleepycat +has changed the configuration process to add +z on HP-UX automatically. + + # cd .../db-4.2.25/build_unix + # env CFLAGS=+DD64 LDFLAGS=+DD64 ../dist/configure + +should work to generate 64bit shared libraries for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i. + +It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries (even +though the command-line flags are still present). + +PA-RISC and Itanium object files are not interchangeable. Although +you may be able to use ar to create an archive library of PA-RISC +object files on an Itanium system, you cannot link against it using +an Itanium link editor. =head2 The HP ANSI C Compiler -When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that -the flag -Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the -config.sh file. - -=head2 Using Large Files with Perl - -Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31) may be -created and manipulated. -Three separate methods of doing this are available. -Of these methods, -the best method for Perl is to compile using the -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -compiler flag. -This causes Perl to be compiled using structures and functions in which -these are 64 bits wide, rather than 32 bits wide. - -There are only two drawbacks to this approach: -the first is that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version -and the POSIX module's version) will not correctly -function for these large files -(the offset arguments in seek and tell are implemented as type long). -The second is that any extension which calls any file-manipulating C function -will need to be recompiled using the above-mentioned -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -flag. +When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that the +flag -Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the config.sh +file (though see the section on 64-bit perl below). If you are using a +recent version of the Perl distribution, these flags are set automatically. + +Even though HP-UX 10.20 and 11.00 are not actively maintained by HP +anymore, updates for the HP ANSI C compiler are still available from +time to time, and it might be advisable to see if updates are applicable. +At the moment of writing, the latests available patches for 11.00 that +should be applied are PHSS_35098, PHSS_35175, PHSS_35100, PHSS_33036, +and PHSS_33902). If you have a SUM account, you can use it to search +for updates/patches. Enter "ANSI" as keyword. + +=head2 The GNU C Compiler + +When you are going to use the GNU C compiler (gcc), and you don't have +gcc yet, you can either build it yourself (if you feel masochistic enough) +from the sources (available from e.g. L) +or fetch a prebuilt binary from the HP porting center at +L +or from the DSPP (you need to be a member) at +L +(Browse through the list, because there are often multiple versions of +the same package available). + +Most mentioned distributions are depots. H.Merijn Brand has made prebuilt +gcc binaries available on L and/or +L for HP-UX 10.20 (only 32bit), HP-UX 11.00, +HP-UX 11.11 (HP-UX 11i v1), and HP-UX 11.23 (HP-UX 11i v2 PA-RISC) in both +32- and 64-bit versions. For HP-UX 11.23 IPF and HP-UX 11.31 IPF depots are +available too. The IPF versions do not need two versions of GNU gcc. + +On PA-RISC you need a different compiler for 32-bit applications and for +64-bit applications. On PA-RISC, 32-bit objects and 64-bit objects do +not mix. Period. There is no different behaviour for HP C-ANSI-C or GNU +gcc. So if you require your perl binary to use 64-bit libraries, like +Oracle-64bit, you MUST build a 64-bit perl. + +Building a 64-bit capable gcc on PA-RISC from source is possible only when +you have the HP C-ANSI C compiler or an already working 64-bit binary of +gcc available. Best performance for perl is achieved with HP's native +compiler. + +=head2 Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX + +Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31 bytes) +may be created and manipulated. Three separate methods of doing this +are available. Of these methods, the best method for Perl is to compile +using the -Duselargefiles flag to Configure. This causes Perl to be +compiled using structures and functions in which these are 64 bits wide, +rather than 32 bits wide. (Note that this will only work with HP's ANSI +C compiler. If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get +a version of the compiler that supports 64-bit operations. See above for +where to find it.) + +There are some drawbacks to this approach. One is that any extension +which calls any file-manipulating C function will need to be recompiled +(just follow the usual "perl Makefile.PL; make; make test; make install" +procedure). + The list of functions that will need to recompiled is: -creat, fgetpos, fopen, -freopen, fsetpos, fstat, -fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate, -ftw, lockf, lseek, -lstat, mmap, nftw, -open, prealloc, stat, -statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile, -truncate, getrlimit, setrlimit - -=head2 Threaded Perl - -It is impossible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of -HP-UX before 10.30, and it is strongly suggested that you be running on + creat, fgetpos, fopen, + freopen, fsetpos, fstat, + fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate, + ftw, lockf, lseek, + lstat, mmap, nftw, + open, prealloc, stat, + statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile, + truncate, getrlimit, setrlimit + +Another drawback is only valid for Perl versions before 5.6.0. This +drawback is that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version +and POSIX module version) will not perform correctly. + +It is strongly recommended that you use this flag when you run +Configure. If you do not do this, but later answer the question about +large files when Configure asks you, you may get a configuration that +cannot be compiled, or that does not function as expected. + +=head2 Threaded Perl on HP-UX + +It is possible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of +HP-UX before 10.30, but it is strongly suggested that you be running on HP-UX 11.00 at least. -To compile Perl with thread, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of Configure. -Ensure that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is automatically -added to the list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread is listed before --lc in the list of libraries to link Perl with. +To compile Perl with threads, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of +Configure. Verify that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is +automatically added to the list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread +is listed before -lc in the list of libraries to link Perl with. The +hints provided for HP-UX during Configure will try very hard to get +this right for you. + +HP-UX versions before 10.30 require a separate installation of a POSIX +threads library package. Two examples are the HP DCE package, available +on "HP-UX Hardware Extensions 3.0, Install and Core OS, Release 10.20, +April 1999 (B3920-13941)" or the Freely available PTH package, available +on H.Merijn's site (L). The use of PTH +will be unsupported in perl-5.12 and up and is rather buggy in 5.11.x. + +If you are going to use the HP DCE package, the library used for threading +is /usr/lib/libcma.sl, but there have been multiple updates of that +library over time. Perl will build with the first version, but it +will not pass the test suite. Older Oracle versions might be a compelling +reason not to update that library, otherwise please find a newer version +in one of the following patches: PHSS_19739, PHSS_20608, or PHSS_23672 + +reformatted output: + + d3:/usr/lib 106 > what libcma-*.1 + libcma-00000.1: + HP DCE/9000 1.5 Module: libcma.sl (Export) + Date: Apr 29 1996 22:11:24 + libcma-19739.1: + HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_19739-40 Module: libcma.sl (Export) + Date: Sep 4 1999 01:59:07 + libcma-20608.1: + HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_20608 Module: libcma.1 (Export) + Date: Dec 8 1999 18:41:23 + libcma-23672.1: + HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_23672 Module: libcma.1 (Export) + Date: Apr 9 2001 10:01:06 + d3:/usr/lib 107 > + +If you choose for the PTH package, use swinstall to install pth in +the default location (/opt/pth), and then make symbolic links to the +libraries from /usr/lib + + # cd /usr/lib + # ln -s /opt/pth/lib/libpth* . + +For building perl to support Oracle, it needs to be linked with libcl +and libpthread. So even if your perl is an unthreaded build, these +libraries might be required. See "Oracle on HP-UX" below. + +=head2 64-bit Perl on HP-UX + +Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take +advantage of the LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and +Pointers are 64 bits wide), in which scalar variables will be able +to hold numbers larger than 2^32 with complete precision. Perl has +proven to be consistent and reliable in 64bit mode since 5.8.1 on +all HP-UX 11.xx. + +As of the date of this document, Perl is fully 64-bit compliant on +HP-UX 11.00 and up for both cc- and gcc builds. If you are about to +build a 64-bit perl with GNU gcc, please read the gcc section carefully. + +Should a user have the need for compiling Perl in the LP64 environment, +use the -Duse64bitall flag to Configure. This will force Perl to be +compiled in a pure LP64 environment (with the +DD64 flag for HP C-ANSI-C, +with no additional options for GNU gcc 64-bit on PA-RISC, and with +-mlp64 for GNU gcc on Itanium). +If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a version of +the compiler that supports 64-bit operations.) + +You can also use the -Duse64bitint flag to Configure. Although there +are some minor differences between compiling Perl with this flag versus +the -Duse64bitall flag, they should not be noticeable from a Perl user's +perspective. When configuring -Duse64bitint using a 64bit gcc on a +pa-risc architecture, -Duse64bitint is silently promoted to -Duse64bitall. + +In both cases, it is strongly recommended that you use these flags when +you run Configure. If you do not use do this, but later answer the +questions about 64-bit numbers when Configure asks you, you may get a +configuration that cannot be compiled, or that does not function as +expected. + +=head2 Oracle on HP-UX + +Using perl to connect to Oracle databases through DBI and DBD::Oracle +has caused a lot of people many headaches. Read README.hpux in the +DBD::Oracle for much more information. The reason to mention it here +is that Oracle requires a perl built with libcl and libpthread, the +latter even when perl is build without threads. Building perl using +all defaults, but still enabling to build DBD::Oracle later on can be +achieved using + + Configure -A prepend:libswanted='cl pthread ' ... + +Do not forget the space before the trailing quote. + +Also note that this does not (yet) work with all configurations, +it is known to fail with 64-bit versions of GCC. + +=head2 GDBM and Threads on HP-UX + +If you attempt to compile Perl with (POSIX) threads on an 11.X system +and also link in the GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump +when it starts up. The only workaround at this point is to relink the +GDBM library under 11.X, then relink it into Perl. + +the error might show something like: + +Pthread internal error: message: __libc_reinit() failed, file: ../pthreads/pthread.c, line: 1096 +Return Pointer is 0xc082bf33 +sh: 5345 Quit(coredump) + +and Configure will give up. + +=head2 NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX -As of the date of this document, Perl threads are not fully supported on HP-UX. +If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test +io/fs.t may fail on test #18. This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no +fix is currently available. -=head2 64-bit Perl +=head2 HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl -Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take advantage -of the LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and Pointers are 64 bits -wide). +By default, HP-UX comes configured with a maximum data segment size of +64MB. This is too small to correctly compile Perl with the maximum +optimization levels. You can increase the size of the maxdsiz kernel +parameter through the use of SAM. -Work is being performed on Perl to make it 64-bit compliant on all versions -of Unix. Once this is complete, scalar variables will be able to hold -numbers larger than 2^32 with complete precision. +When using the GUI version of SAM, click on the Kernel Configuration +icon, then the Configurable Parameters icon. Scroll down and select +the maxdsiz line. From the Actions menu, select the Modify Configurable +Parameter item. Insert the new formula into the Formula/Value box. +Then follow the instructions to rebuild your kernel and reboot your +system. -As of the date of this document, Perl is not 64-bit compliant on HP-UX. +In general, a value of 256MB (or "256*1024*1024") is sufficient for +Perl to compile at maximum optimization. -Should a user wish to experiment with compiling Perl in the LP64 environment, -the following steps must be taken: libraries must be searched only within -/lib/pa20_64, the compiler flag +DD64 must be used, and the C library is -now located at /lib/pa20_64/libc.sl. +=head1 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent -On the brighter side, the large file problem goes away, as longs are now -64 bits wide. +You may get a bus error core dump from the op/pwent or op/grent +tests. If compiled with -g you will see a stack trace much like +the following: -=head2 GDBM and Threads + #0 0xc004216c in () from /usr/lib/libc.2 + #1 0xc00d7550 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2 + #2 0xc00d7768 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2 + #3 0xc00d78a8 in nss_delete () from /usr/lib/libc.2 + #4 0xc01126d8 in endpwent () from /usr/lib/libc.2 + #5 0xd1950 in Perl_pp_epwent () from ./perl + #6 0x94d3c in Perl_runops_standard () from ./perl + #7 0x23728 in S_run_body () from ./perl + #8 0x23428 in perl_run () from ./perl + #9 0x2005c in main () from ./perl -If you attempt to compile Perl with threads on an 11.X system and also link -in the GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump when it starts up. -The only workaround at this point is to relink the GDBM library under 11.X, -then relink it into Perl. +The key here is the C call. One workaround for this +bug seems to be to create add to the file F +(at least) the following lines -=head2 NFS filesystems and utime(2) + group: files + passwd: files -If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test -io/fs.t may fail on test #18. -This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no fix is currently available. +Whether you are using NIS does not matter. Amazingly enough, +the same bug also affects Solaris. + +=head1 error: pasting ")" and "l" does not give a valid preprocessing token + +There seems to be a broken system header file in HP-UX 11.00 that +breaks perl building in 32bit mode with GNU gcc-4.x causing this +error. The same file for HP-UX 11.11 (even though the file is older) +does not show this failure, and has the correct definition, so the +best fix is to patch the header to match: + + --- /usr/include/inttypes.h 2001-04-20 18:42:14 +0200 + +++ /usr/include/inttypes.h 2000-11-14 09:00:00 +0200 + @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ + #define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT_U__(__c) + #else /* __LP64 */ + #define INT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__c,l) + -#define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__CONCAT_U__(__c),l) + +#define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__c,ul) + #endif /* __LP64 */ + + #define INT64_C(__c) __CONCAT_L__(__c,l) + +=head1 Redeclaration of "sendpath" with a different storage class specifier + +The following compilation warnings may happen in HP-UX releases +earlier than 11.31 but are harmless: + + cc: "/usr/include/sys/socket.h", line 535: warning 562: + Redeclaration of "sendfile" with a different storage class + specifier: "sendfile" will have internal linkage. + cc: "/usr/include/sys/socket.h", line 536: warning 562: + Redeclaration of "sendpath" with a different storage class + specifier: "sendpath" will have internal linkage. + +They seem to be caused by broken system header files, and also other +open source projects are seeing them. The following HP-UX patches +should make the warnings go away: + + CR JAGae12001: PHNE_27063 + Warning 562 on sys/socket.h due to redeclaration of prototypes + + CR JAGae16787: + Warning 562 from socket.h sendpath/sendfile -D_FILEFFSET_BITS=64 + + CR JAGae73470 (11.23) + ER: Compiling socket.h with cc -D_FILEFFSET_BITS=64 warning 267/562 + +=head1 Miscellaneous + +HP-UX 11 Y2K patch "Y2K-1100 B.11.00.B0125 HP-UX Core OS Year 2000 +Patch Bundle" has been reported to break the io/fs test #18 which +tests whether utime() can change timestamps. The Y2K patch seems to +break utime() so that over NFS the timestamps do not get changed +(on local filesystems utime() still works). This has probably been +fixed on your system by now. =head1 AUTHOR +H.Merijn Brand Jeff Okamoto With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc Sabatella. -=head1 DATE - -Version 0.2: 1999/03/01 - =cut