X-Git-Url: https://perl5.git.perl.org/perl5.git/blobdiff_plain/a3e07c8779a37a0cc0a4e5ceac72eec0b30c0c0c..63a0dcf71fbcd47a260abe81c68ea3c2bdb493ba:/op.h diff --git a/op.h b/op.h index 2ea1dce..0758f9c 100644 --- a/op.h +++ b/op.h @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ * the operation is privatized by a check routine, * which may or may not check number of children). */ +#include "op_reg_common.h" #define OPCODE U16 @@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ typedef PERL_BITFIELD16 Optype; #define BASEOP \ OP* op_next; \ OP* op_sibling; \ - OP* (CPERLscope(*op_ppaddr))(pTHX); \ + OP* (*op_ppaddr)(pTHX); \ MADPROP_IN_BASEOP \ PADOFFSET op_targ; \ PERL_BITFIELD16 op_type:9; \ @@ -122,7 +123,6 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. /* On OP_ENTERSUB || OP_NULL, saw a "do". */ /* On OP_EXISTS, treat av as av, not avhv. */ /* On OP_(ENTER|LEAVE)EVAL, don't clear $@ */ - /* On OP_ENTERITER, loop var is per-thread */ /* On pushre, rx is used as part of split, e.g. split " " */ /* On regcomp, "use re 'eval'" was in scope */ /* On OP_READLINE, was <$filehandle> */ @@ -130,17 +130,24 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. defined()*/ /* On OP_DBSTATE, indicates breakpoint * (runtime property) */ - /* On OP_AELEMFAST, indiciates pad var */ /* On OP_REQUIRE, was seen as CORE::require */ - /* On OP_ENTERWHEN, there's no condition */ - /* On OP_BREAK, an implicit break */ + /* On OP_(ENTER|LEAVE)WHEN, there's + no condition */ /* On OP_SMARTMATCH, an implicit smartmatch */ /* On OP_ANONHASH and OP_ANONLIST, create a reference to the new anon hash or array */ - /* On OP_ENTER, store caller context */ /* On OP_HELEM and OP_HSLICE, localization will be followed by assignment, so do not wipe the target if it is special (e.g. a glob or a magic SV) */ + /* On OP_MATCH, OP_SUBST & OP_TRANS, the + operand of a logical or conditional + that was optimised away, so it should + not be bound via =~ */ + /* On OP_CONST, from a constant CV */ + /* On OP_GLOB, two meanings: + - Before ck_glob, called as CORE::glob + - After ck_glob, use Perl glob function + */ /* old names; don't use in new code, but don't break them, either */ #define OPf_LIST OPf_WANT_LIST @@ -153,12 +160,19 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. : G_SCALAR) \ : dowantarray()) +/* Lower bits of op_private often carry the number of arguments, as + * set by newBINOP, newUNOP and ck_fun */ + /* NOTE: OP_NEXTSTATE and OP_DBSTATE (i.e. COPs) carry lower * bits of PL_hints in op_private */ /* Private for lvalues */ #define OPpLVAL_INTRO 128 /* Lvalue must be localized or lvalue sub */ +/* Private for OPs with TARGLEX */ + /* (lower bits may carry MAXARG) */ +#define OPpTARGET_MY 16 /* Target is PADMY. */ + /* Private for OP_LEAVE, OP_LEAVESUB, OP_LEAVESUBLV and OP_LEAVEWRITE */ #define OPpREFCOUNTED 64 /* op_targ carries a refcount */ @@ -191,24 +205,35 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. #define OPpDEREF_AV 32 /* Want ref to AV. */ #define OPpDEREF_HV 64 /* Want ref to HV. */ #define OPpDEREF_SV (32|64) /* Want ref to SV. */ -/* Private for OP_RV2SV, OP_RV2AV, OP_RV2AV */ -#define OPpDEREFed 4 /* prev op was OPpDEREF */ + /* OP_ENTERSUB only */ #define OPpENTERSUB_DB 16 /* Debug subroutine. */ -#define OPpENTERSUB_HASTARG 32 /* Called from OP tree. */ -#define OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD 64 /* Immune to mod() for :attrlist. */ - /* OP_ENTERSUB and OP_RV2CV only */ +#define OPpENTERSUB_HASTARG 4 /* Called from OP tree. */ +#define OPpENTERSUB_INARGS 1 /* Lval used as arg to a sub. */ +/* used by OPpDEREF (32|64) */ +/* used by HINT_STRICT_SUBS 2 */ + /* Mask for OP_ENTERSUB flags, the absence of which must be propagated + in dynamic context */ +#define OPpENTERSUB_LVAL_MASK (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpENTERSUB_INARGS) + + /* OP_RV2CV only */ #define OPpENTERSUB_AMPER 8 /* Used & form to call. */ #define OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN 128 /* bare sub call (without parens) */ -#define OPpENTERSUB_INARGS 4 /* Lval used as arg to a sub. */ +#define OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT 1 /* If a constant sub, return the constant */ + /* OP_GV only */ #define OPpEARLY_CV 32 /* foo() called before sub foo was parsed */ /* OP_?ELEM only */ #define OPpLVAL_DEFER 16 /* Defer creation of array/hash elem */ /* OP_RV2?V, OP_GVSV, OP_ENTERITER only */ #define OPpOUR_INTRO 16 /* Variable was in an our() */ - /* OP_RV2[AGH]V, OP_PAD[AH]V, OP_[AH]ELEM */ + /* OP_RV2[AGH]V, OP_PAD[AH]V, OP_[AH]ELEM, OP_[AH]SLICE OP_AV2ARYLEN, + OP_R?KEYS, OP_SUBSTR, OP_POS, OP_VEC */ #define OPpMAYBE_LVSUB 8 /* We might be an lvalue to return */ + + /* OP_SUBSTR only */ +#define OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST 16 /* 1st arg is replacement string */ + /* OP_PADSV only */ #define OPpPAD_STATE 16 /* is a "state" pad */ /* for OP_RV2?V, lower bits carry hints (currently only HINT_STRICT_REFS) */ @@ -218,13 +243,6 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. /* (Therefore will return whatever is currently in the symbol table, not guaranteed to be a PVGV) */ - /* OP_RV2CV only */ -#define OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT 1 /* If a constant sub, return the constant */ - -/* Private for OPs with TARGLEX */ - /* (lower bits may carry MAXARG) */ -#define OPpTARGET_MY 16 /* Target is PADMY. */ - /* Private for OP_ENTERITER and OP_ITER */ #define OPpITER_REVERSED 4 /* for (reverse ...) */ #define OPpITER_DEF 8 /* for $_ or for my $_ */ @@ -232,9 +250,8 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. /* Private for OP_CONST */ #define OPpCONST_NOVER 2 /* no 6; */ #define OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT 4 /* eg the constant 5 in (5 || foo) */ -#define OPpCONST_STRICT 8 /* bearword subject to strict 'subs' */ +#define OPpCONST_STRICT 8 /* bareword subject to strict 'subs' */ #define OPpCONST_ENTERED 16 /* Has been entered as symbol. */ -#define OPpCONST_ARYBASE 32 /* Was a $[ translated to constant. */ #define OPpCONST_BARE 64 /* Was a bare word (filehandle?). */ #define OPpCONST_WARNING 128 /* Was a $^W translated to constant. */ @@ -275,14 +292,28 @@ Deprecated. Use C instead. /* Private for OP_FTXXX */ #define OPpFT_ACCESS 2 /* use filetest 'access' */ -#define OPpFT_STACKED 4 /* stacked filetest, as in "-f -x $f" */ +#define OPpFT_STACKED 4 /* stacked filetest, as "-f" in "-f -x $f" */ +#define OPpFT_STACKING 8 /* stacking filetest, as "-x" in "-f -x $f" */ /* Private for OP_(MAP|GREP)(WHILE|START) */ #define OPpGREP_LEX 2 /* iterate over lexical $_ */ /* Private for OP_ENTEREVAL */ #define OPpEVAL_HAS_HH 2 /* Does it have a copy of %^H */ +#define OPpEVAL_UNICODE 4 +#define OPpEVAL_BYTES 8 +#define OPpEVAL_COPHH 16 /* Construct %^H from cop hints */ +/* Private for OP_CALLER, OP_WANTARRAY and OP_RUNCV */ +#define OPpOFFBYONE 128 /* Treat caller(1) as caller(2) */ + +/* Private for OP_COREARGS */ +/* These must not conflict with OPpDONT_INIT_GV. See pp.c:S_rv2gv. */ +#define OPpCOREARGS_DEREF1 1 /* Arg 1 is a handle constructor */ +#define OPpCOREARGS_DEREF2 2 /* Arg 2 is a handle constructor */ +#define OPpCOREARGS_SCALARMOD 64 /* \$ rather than \[$@%*] */ +#define OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK 128 /* Call pp_pushmark */ + struct op { BASEOP }; @@ -331,7 +362,10 @@ struct pmop { union { OP * op_pmreplstart; /* Only used in OP_SUBST */ #ifdef USE_ITHREADS - char * op_pmstashpv; /* Only used in OP_MATCH, with PMf_ONCE set */ + struct { + char * op_pmstashpv; /* Only used in OP_MATCH, with PMf_ONCE set */ + U32 op_pmstashflags; /* currently only SVf_UTF8 or 0 */ + } op_pmstashthr; #else HV * op_pmstash; #endif @@ -359,58 +393,69 @@ struct pmop { #define PM_SETRE(o,r) ((o)->op_pmregexp = (r)) #endif +/* Leave some space, so future bit allocations can go either in the shared or + * unshared area without affecting binary compatibility */ +#define PMf_BASE_SHIFT (_RXf_PMf_SHIFT_NEXT+6) -#define PMf_RETAINT 0x00000040 /* taint $1 etc. if target tainted */ -#define PMf_ONCE 0x00000080 /* match successfully only once per - reset, with related flag RXf_USED - in re->extflags holding state. - This is used only for ?? matches, - and only on OP_MATCH and OP_QR */ +/* 'use re "taint"' in scope: taint $1 etc. if target tainted */ +#define PMf_RETAINT (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+0)) -#define PMf_UNUSED 0x00000100 /* free for use */ -#define PMf_MAYBE_CONST 0x00000200 /* replacement contains variables */ +/* match successfully only once per reset, with related flag RXf_USED in + * re->extflags holding state. This is used only for ?? matches, and only on + * OP_MATCH and OP_QR */ +#define PMf_ONCE (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+1)) -#define PMf_USED 0x00000400 /* PMf_ONCE has matched successfully. - Not used under threading. */ +/* replacement contains variables */ +#define PMf_MAYBE_CONST (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+2)) -#define PMf_CONST 0x00000800 /* subst replacement is constant */ -#define PMf_KEEP 0x00001000 /* keep 1st runtime pattern forever */ -#define PMf_GLOBAL 0x00002000 /* pattern had a g modifier */ -#define PMf_CONTINUE 0x00004000 /* don't reset pos() if //g fails */ -#define PMf_EVAL 0x00008000 /* evaluating replacement as expr */ -#define PMf_NONDESTRUCT 0x00010000 /* Return substituted string instead - of modifying it. */ +/* PMf_ONCE has matched successfully. Not used under threading. */ +#define PMf_USED (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+3)) -/* The following flags have exact equivalents in regcomp.h with the prefix RXf_ - * which are stored in the regexp->extflags member. If you change them here, - * you have to change them there, and vice versa. - */ -#define PMf_MULTILINE 0x00000001 /* assume multiple lines */ -#define PMf_SINGLELINE 0x00000002 /* assume single line */ -#define PMf_FOLD 0x00000004 /* case insensitivity */ -#define PMf_EXTENDED 0x00000008 /* chuck embedded whitespace */ -#define PMf_KEEPCOPY 0x00000010 /* copy the string when matching */ -#define PMf_LOCALE 0x00000020 /* use locale for character types */ +/* subst replacement is constant */ +#define PMf_CONST (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+4)) + +/* keep 1st runtime pattern forever */ +#define PMf_KEEP (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+5)) + +#define PMf_GLOBAL (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+6)) /* pattern had a g modifier */ + +/* don't reset pos() if //g fails */ +#define PMf_CONTINUE (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+7)) + +/* evaluating replacement as expr */ +#define PMf_EVAL (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+8)) + +/* Return substituted string instead of modifying it. */ +#define PMf_NONDESTRUCT (1<<(PMf_BASE_SHIFT+9)) -/* mask of bits that need to be transfered to re->extflags */ -#define PMf_COMPILETIME (PMf_MULTILINE|PMf_SINGLELINE|PMf_LOCALE|PMf_FOLD|PMf_EXTENDED|PMf_KEEPCOPY) +#if PMf_BASE_SHIFT+9 > 31 +# error Too many PMf_ bits used. See above and regnodes.h for any spare in middle +#endif #ifdef USE_ITHREADS # define PmopSTASHPV(o) \ - (((o)->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE) ? (o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashpv : NULL) + (((o)->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE) ? (o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashpv : NULL) # if defined (DEBUGGING) && defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN) # define PmopSTASHPV_set(o,pv) ({ \ assert((o)->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE); \ - ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashpv = savesharedpv(pv)); \ + ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashpv = savesharedpv(pv)); \ }) # else # define PmopSTASHPV_set(o,pv) \ - ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashpv = savesharedpv(pv)) + ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashpv = savesharedpv(pv)) # endif -# define PmopSTASH(o) (PmopSTASHPV(o) \ - ? gv_stashpv((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashpv,GV_ADD) : NULL) -# define PmopSTASH_set(o,hv) PmopSTASHPV_set(o, ((hv) ? HvNAME_get(hv) : NULL)) +# define PmopSTASH_flags(o) ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashflags) +# define PmopSTASH_flags_set(o,flags) ((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashflags = flags) +# define PmopSTASH(o) (PmopSTASHPV(o) \ + ? gv_stashpv((o)->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmstashthr.op_pmstashpv, \ + GV_ADD | PmopSTASH_flags(o)) : NULL) +# define PmopSTASH_set(o,hv) (PmopSTASHPV_set(o, (hv) ? HvNAME_get(hv) : NULL), \ + PmopSTASH_flags_set(o, \ + ((hv) && HvNAME_HEK(hv) && \ + HvNAMEUTF8(hv)) \ + ? SVf_UTF8 \ + : 0)) # define PmopSTASH_free(o) PerlMemShared_free(PmopSTASHPV(o)) #else @@ -529,19 +574,18 @@ struct loop { # define Nullop ((OP*)NULL) #endif -/* Lowest byte-and-a-bit of PL_opargs */ +/* Lowest byte of PL_opargs */ #define OA_MARK 1 #define OA_FOLDCONST 2 #define OA_RETSCALAR 4 #define OA_TARGET 8 -#define OA_RETINTEGER 16 +#define OA_TARGLEX 16 #define OA_OTHERINT 32 #define OA_DANGEROUS 64 #define OA_DEFGV 128 -#define OA_TARGLEX 256 /* The next 4 bits encode op class information */ -#define OCSHIFT 9 +#define OCSHIFT 8 #define OA_CLASS_MASK (15 << OCSHIFT) @@ -560,7 +604,7 @@ struct loop { #define OA_FILESTATOP (12 << OCSHIFT) #define OA_LOOPEXOP (13 << OCSHIFT) -#define OASHIFT 13 +#define OASHIFT 12 /* Remaining nybbles of PL_opargs */ #define OA_SCALAR 1 @@ -616,10 +660,25 @@ struct loop { #define ref(o, type) doref(o, type, TRUE) #endif +/* +=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions + +=for apidoc Am|OP*|LINKLIST|OP *o +Given the root of an optree, link the tree in execution order using the +C pointers and return the first op executed. If this has +already been done, it will not be redone, and C<< o->op_next >> will be +returned. If C<< o->op_next >> is not already set, I should be at +least an C. + +=cut +*/ + +#define LINKLIST(o) ((o)->op_next ? (o)->op_next : op_linklist((OP*)o)) + /* no longer used anywhere in core */ #ifndef PERL_CORE #define cv_ckproto(cv, gv, p) \ - cv_ckproto_len((cv), (gv), (p), (p) ? strlen(p) : 0) + cv_ckproto_len_flags((cv), (gv), (p), (p) ? strlen(p) : 0, 0) #endif #ifdef PERL_CORE @@ -656,32 +715,32 @@ struct block_hooks { /* =head1 Compile-time scope hooks -=for apidoc m|U32|BhkFLAGS|BHK *hk +=for apidoc mx|U32|BhkFLAGS|BHK *hk Return the BHK's flags. -=for apidoc m|void *|BhkENTRY|BHK *hk|which +=for apidoc mx|void *|BhkENTRY|BHK *hk|which Return an entry from the BHK structure. I is a preprocessor token indicating which entry to return. If the appropriate flag is not set this will return NULL. The type of the return value depends on which entry you ask for. -=for apidoc Am|void|BhkENTRY_set|BHK *hk|which|void *ptr +=for apidoc Amx|void|BhkENTRY_set|BHK *hk|which|void *ptr Set an entry in the BHK structure, and set the flags to indicate it is valid. I is a preprocessing token indicating which entry to set. The type of I depends on the entry. -=for apidoc Am|void|BhkDISABLE|BHK *hk|which +=for apidoc Amx|void|BhkDISABLE|BHK *hk|which Temporarily disable an entry in this BHK structure, by clearing the appropriate flag. I is a preprocessor token indicating which entry to disable. -=for apidoc Am|void|BhkENABLE|BHK *hk|which +=for apidoc Amx|void|BhkENABLE|BHK *hk|which Re-enable an entry in this BHK structure, by setting the appropriate flag. I is a preprocessor token indicating which entry to enable. This will assert (under -DDEBUGGING) if the entry doesn't contain a valid pointer. -=for apidoc m|void|CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS|which|arg +=for apidoc mx|void|CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS|which|arg Call all the registered block hooks for type I. I is a preprocessing token; the type of I depends on I. @@ -690,13 +749,13 @@ preprocessing token; the type of I depends on I. #define BhkFLAGS(hk) ((hk)->bhk_flags) -#define BHKf_start 0x01 -#define BHKf_pre_end 0x02 -#define BHKf_post_end 0x04 -#define BHKf_eval 0x08 +#define BHKf_bhk_start 0x01 +#define BHKf_bhk_pre_end 0x02 +#define BHKf_bhk_post_end 0x04 +#define BHKf_bhk_eval 0x08 #define BhkENTRY(hk, which) \ - ((BhkFLAGS(hk) & BHKf_ ## which) ? ((hk)->bhk_ ## which) : NULL) + ((BhkFLAGS(hk) & BHKf_ ## which) ? ((hk)->which) : NULL) #define BhkENABLE(hk, which) \ STMT_START { \ @@ -711,7 +770,7 @@ preprocessing token; the type of I depends on I. #define BhkENTRY_set(hk, which, ptr) \ STMT_START { \ - (hk)->bhk_ ## which = ptr; \ + (hk)->which = ptr; \ BhkENABLE(hk, which); \ } STMT_END @@ -730,11 +789,116 @@ preprocessing token; the type of I depends on I. hk = INT2PTR(BHK *, SvIVX(sv)); \ \ if (BhkENTRY(hk, which)) \ - CALL_FPTR(BhkENTRY(hk, which))(aTHX_ arg); \ + BhkENTRY(hk, which)(aTHX_ arg); \ } \ } \ } STMT_END +/* flags for rv2cv_op_cv */ + +#define RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY 0x00000001 +#define RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV 0x00000002 + +#define op_lvalue(op,t) Perl_op_lvalue_flags(aTHX_ op,t,0) + +/* flags for op_lvalue_flags */ + +#define OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK 1 + +/* +=head1 Custom Operators + +=for apidoc Am|U32|XopFLAGS|XOP *xop +Return the XOP's flags. + +=for apidoc Am||XopENTRY|XOP *xop|which +Return a member of the XOP structure. I is a cpp token indicating +which entry to return. If the member is not set this will return a +default value. The return type depends on I. + +=for apidoc Am|void|XopENTRY_set|XOP *xop|which|value +Set a member of the XOP structure. I is a cpp token indicating +which entry to set. See L for details about +the available members and how they are used. + +=for apidoc Am|void|XopDISABLE|XOP *xop|which +Temporarily disable a member of the XOP, by clearing the appropriate flag. + +=for apidoc Am|void|XopENABLE|XOP *xop|which +Reenable a member of the XOP which has been disabled. + +=cut +*/ + +struct custom_op { + U32 xop_flags; + const char *xop_name; + const char *xop_desc; + U32 xop_class; + void (*xop_peep)(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *oldop); +}; + +#define XopFLAGS(xop) ((xop)->xop_flags) + +#define XOPf_xop_name 0x01 +#define XOPf_xop_desc 0x02 +#define XOPf_xop_class 0x04 +#define XOPf_xop_peep 0x08 + +#define XOPd_xop_name PL_op_name[OP_CUSTOM] +#define XOPd_xop_desc PL_op_desc[OP_CUSTOM] +#define XOPd_xop_class OA_BASEOP +#define XOPd_xop_peep ((Perl_cpeep_t)0) + +#define XopENTRY_set(xop, which, to) \ + STMT_START { \ + (xop)->which = (to); \ + (xop)->xop_flags |= XOPf_ ## which; \ + } STMT_END + +#define XopENTRY(xop, which) \ + ((XopFLAGS(xop) & XOPf_ ## which) ? (xop)->which : XOPd_ ## which) + +#define XopDISABLE(xop, which) ((xop)->xop_flags &= ~XOPf_ ## which) +#define XopENABLE(xop, which) \ + STMT_START { \ + (xop)->xop_flags |= XOPf_ ## which; \ + assert(XopENTRY(xop, which)); \ + } STMT_END + +/* +=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions + +=for apidoc Am|const char *|OP_NAME|OP *o +Return the name of the provided OP. For core ops this looks up the name +from the op_type; for custom ops from the op_ppaddr. + +=for apidoc Am|const char *|OP_DESC|OP *o +Return a short description of the provided OP. + +=for apidoc Am|U32|OP_CLASS|OP *o +Return the class of the provided OP: that is, which of the *OP +structures it uses. For core ops this currently gets the information out +of PL_opargs, which does not always accurately reflect the type used. +For custom ops the type is returned from the registration, and it is up +to the registree to ensure it is accurate. The value returned will be +one of the OA_* constants from op.h. + +=cut +*/ + +#define OP_NAME(o) ((o)->op_type == OP_CUSTOM \ + ? XopENTRY(Perl_custom_op_xop(aTHX_ o), xop_name) \ + : PL_op_name[(o)->op_type]) +#define OP_DESC(o) ((o)->op_type == OP_CUSTOM \ + ? XopENTRY(Perl_custom_op_xop(aTHX_ o), xop_desc) \ + : PL_op_desc[(o)->op_type]) +#define OP_CLASS(o) ((o)->op_type == OP_CUSTOM \ + ? XopENTRY(Perl_custom_op_xop(aTHX_ o), xop_class) \ + : (PL_opargs[(o)->op_type] & OA_CLASS_MASK)) + +#define newSUB(f, o, p, b) Perl_newATTRSUB(aTHX_ (f), (o), (p), NULL, (b)) + #ifdef PERL_MAD # define MAD_NULL 1 # define MAD_PV 2