X-Git-Url: https://perl5.git.perl.org/perl5.git/blobdiff_plain/8736538c3cff6585c95a01b990d3b3a9e5d5744d..6d9c9890b6305b20fe39f3b418a5330f9fb32465:/lib/Cwd.pm diff --git a/lib/Cwd.pm b/lib/Cwd.pm index df40649..1a85d67 100644 --- a/lib/Cwd.pm +++ b/lib/Cwd.pm @@ -1,99 +1,378 @@ package Cwd; -require 5.000; =head1 NAME -getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +Cwd - get pathname of current working directory =head1 SYNOPSIS use Cwd; - $dir = cwd; + my $dir = getcwd; - use Cwd; - $dir = getcwd; + use Cwd 'abs_path'; + my $abs_path = abs_path($file); - use Cwd; - $dir = fastgetcwd; +=head1 DESCRIPTION - use Cwd 'chdir'; - chdir "/tmp"; - print $ENV{'PWD'}; +This module provides functions for determining the pathname of the +current working directory. It is recommended that getcwd (or another +*cwd() function) be used in I code to ensure portability. - use Cwd 'abs_path'; - print abs_path($ENV{'PWD'}); +By default, it exports the functions cwd(), getcwd(), fastcwd(), and +fastgetcwd() (and, on Win32, getdcwd()) into the caller's namespace. - use Cwd 'fast_abs_path'; - print fast_abs_path($ENV{'PWD'}); -=head1 DESCRIPTION +=head2 getcwd and friends -The getcwd() function re-implements the getcwd(3) (or getwd(3)) functions -in Perl. +Each of these functions are called without arguments and return the +absolute path of the current working directory. -The abs_path() function takes a single argument and returns the -absolute pathname for that argument. It uses the same algorithm as -getcwd(). (actually getcwd() is abs_path(".")) +=over 4 -The fastcwd() function looks the same as getcwd(), but runs faster. -It's also more dangerous because it might conceivably chdir() you out -of a directory that it can't chdir() you back into. If fastcwd -encounters a problem it will return undef but will probably leave you -in a different directory. For a measure of extra security, if -everything appears to have worked, the fastcwd() function will check -that it leaves you in the same directory that it started in. If it has -changed it will C with the message "Unstable directory path, -current directory changed unexpectedly". That should never happen. +=item getcwd -The fast_abs_path() function looks the same as abs_path(), but runs faster. -And like fastcwd() is more dangerous. + my $cwd = getcwd(); -The cwd() function looks the same as getcwd and fastgetcwd but is -implemented using the most natural and safe form for the current -architecture. For most systems it is identical to `pwd` (but without -the trailing line terminator). +Returns the current working directory. -It is recommended that cwd (or another *cwd() function) is used in -I code to ensure portability. +Exposes the POSIX function getcwd(3) or re-implements it if it's not +available. -If you ask to override your chdir() built-in function, then your PWD -environment variable will be kept up to date. (See -L.) Note that it will only be -kept up to date if all packages which use chdir import it from Cwd. +=item cwd -=cut + my $cwd = cwd(); + +The cwd() is the most natural form for the current architecture. For +most systems it is identical to `pwd` (but without the trailing line +terminator). + +=item fastcwd + + my $cwd = fastcwd(); + +A more dangerous version of getcwd(), but potentially faster. + +It might conceivably chdir() you out of a directory that it can't +chdir() you back into. If fastcwd encounters a problem it will return +undef but will probably leave you in a different directory. For a +measure of extra security, if everything appears to have worked, the +fastcwd() function will check that it leaves you in the same directory +that it started in. If it has changed it will C with the message +"Unstable directory path, current directory changed +unexpectedly". That should never happen. + +=item fastgetcwd + + my $cwd = fastgetcwd(); + +The fastgetcwd() function is provided as a synonym for cwd(). + +=item getdcwd + + my $cwd = getdcwd(); + my $cwd = getdcwd('C:'); + +The getdcwd() function is also provided on Win32 to get the current working +directory on the specified drive, since Windows maintains a separate current +working directory for each drive. If no drive is specified then the current +drive is assumed. + +This function simply calls the Microsoft C library _getdcwd() function. + +=back + + +=head2 abs_path and friends + +These functions are exported only on request. They each take a single +argument and return the absolute pathname for it. If no argument is +given they'll use the current working directory. + +=over 4 + +=item abs_path + + my $abs_path = abs_path($file); + +Uses the same algorithm as getcwd(). Symbolic links and relative-path +components ("." and "..") are resolved to return the canonical +pathname, just like realpath(3). + +=item realpath + + my $abs_path = realpath($file); + +A synonym for abs_path(). -## use strict; +=item fast_abs_path -use Carp; + my $abs_path = fast_abs_path($file); -$VERSION = '2.01'; +A more dangerous, but potentially faster version of abs_path. -require Exporter; -@ISA = qw(Exporter); +=back + +=head2 $ENV{PWD} + +If you ask to override your chdir() built-in function, + + use Cwd qw(chdir); + +then your PWD environment variable will be kept up to date. Note that +it will only be kept up to date if all packages which use chdir import +it from Cwd. + + +=head1 NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item * + +Since the path seperators are different on some operating systems ('/' +on Unix, ':' on MacPerl, etc...) we recommend you use the File::Spec +modules wherever portability is a concern. + +=item * + +Actually, on Mac OS, the C, C and C +functions are all aliases for the C function, which, on Mac OS, +calls `pwd`. Likewise, the C function is an alias for +C. + +=back + +=head1 AUTHOR + +Originally by the perl5-porters. + +Maintained by Ken Williams + +=head1 COPYRIGHT + +Copyright (c) 2004 by the Perl 5 Porters. All rights reserved. + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the same terms as Perl itself. + +Portions of the C code in this library are copyright (c) 1994 by the +Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. The +license on this code is compatible with the licensing of the rest of +the distribution - please see the source code in F for the +details. + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +L + +=cut + +use strict; +use Exporter; +use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION); + +$VERSION = '3.19'; + +@ISA = qw/ Exporter /; @EXPORT = qw(cwd getcwd fastcwd fastgetcwd); -@EXPORT_OK = qw(chdir abs_path fast_abs_path); +push @EXPORT, qw(getdcwd) if $^O eq 'MSWin32'; +@EXPORT_OK = qw(chdir abs_path fast_abs_path realpath fast_realpath); +# sys_cwd may keep the builtin command -# The 'natural and safe form' for UNIX (pwd may be setuid root) +# All the functionality of this module may provided by builtins, +# there is no sense to process the rest of the file. +# The best choice may be to have this in BEGIN, but how to return from BEGIN? + +if ($^O eq 'os2') { + local $^W = 0; + + *cwd = defined &sys_cwd ? \&sys_cwd : \&_os2_cwd; + *getcwd = \&cwd; + *fastgetcwd = \&cwd; + *fastcwd = \&cwd; + + *fast_abs_path = \&sys_abspath if defined &sys_abspath; + *abs_path = \&fast_abs_path; + *realpath = \&fast_abs_path; + *fast_realpath = \&fast_abs_path; + + return 1; +} + +# If loading the XS stuff doesn't work, we can fall back to pure perl +eval { + if ( $] >= 5.006 ) { + require XSLoader; + XSLoader::load( __PACKAGE__, $VERSION ); + } else { + require DynaLoader; + push @ISA, 'DynaLoader'; + __PACKAGE__->bootstrap( $VERSION ); + } +}; + +# Must be after the DynaLoader stuff: +$VERSION = eval $VERSION; + +# Big nasty table of function aliases +my %METHOD_MAP = + ( + VMS => + { + cwd => '_vms_cwd', + getcwd => '_vms_cwd', + fastcwd => '_vms_cwd', + fastgetcwd => '_vms_cwd', + abs_path => '_vms_abs_path', + fast_abs_path => '_vms_abs_path', + }, + + MSWin32 => + { + # We assume that &_NT_cwd is defined as an XSUB or in the core. + cwd => '_NT_cwd', + getcwd => '_NT_cwd', + fastcwd => '_NT_cwd', + fastgetcwd => '_NT_cwd', + abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', + realpath => 'fast_abs_path', + }, + + dos => + { + cwd => '_dos_cwd', + getcwd => '_dos_cwd', + fastgetcwd => '_dos_cwd', + fastcwd => '_dos_cwd', + abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', + }, + + qnx => + { + cwd => '_qnx_cwd', + getcwd => '_qnx_cwd', + fastgetcwd => '_qnx_cwd', + fastcwd => '_qnx_cwd', + abs_path => '_qnx_abs_path', + fast_abs_path => '_qnx_abs_path', + }, + + cygwin => + { + getcwd => 'cwd', + fastgetcwd => 'cwd', + fastcwd => 'cwd', + abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', + realpath => 'fast_abs_path', + }, + + epoc => + { + cwd => '_epoc_cwd', + getcwd => '_epoc_cwd', + fastgetcwd => '_epoc_cwd', + fastcwd => '_epoc_cwd', + abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', + }, + + MacOS => + { + getcwd => 'cwd', + fastgetcwd => 'cwd', + fastcwd => 'cwd', + abs_path => 'fast_abs_path', + }, + ); + +$METHOD_MAP{NT} = $METHOD_MAP{MSWin32}; +$METHOD_MAP{nto} = $METHOD_MAP{qnx}; + + +# Find the pwd command in the expected locations. We assume these +# are safe. This prevents _backtick_pwd() consulting $ENV{PATH} +# so everything works under taint mode. +my $pwd_cmd; +foreach my $try ('/bin/pwd', + '/usr/bin/pwd', + '/QOpenSys/bin/pwd', # OS/400 PASE. + ) { + + if( -x $try ) { + $pwd_cmd = $try; + last; + } +} +my $found_pwd_cmd = defined($pwd_cmd); +unless ($pwd_cmd) { + # Isn't this wrong? _backtick_pwd() will fail if somenone has + # pwd in their path but it is not /bin/pwd or /usr/bin/pwd? + # See [perl #16774]. --jhi + $pwd_cmd = 'pwd'; +} + +# Lazy-load Carp +sub _carp { require Carp; Carp::carp(@_) } +sub _croak { require Carp; Carp::croak(@_) } +# The 'natural and safe form' for UNIX (pwd may be setuid root) sub _backtick_pwd { - my $cwd; - chop($cwd = `pwd`); + # Localize %ENV entries in a way that won't create new hash keys + my @localize = grep exists $ENV{$_}, qw(PATH IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV); + local @ENV{@localize}; + + my $cwd = `$pwd_cmd`; + # Belt-and-suspenders in case someone said "undef $/". + local $/ = "\n"; + # `pwd` may fail e.g. if the disk is full + chomp($cwd) if defined $cwd; $cwd; } # Since some ports may predefine cwd internally (e.g., NT) # we take care not to override an existing definition for cwd(). -*cwd = \&_backtick_pwd unless defined &cwd; +unless ($METHOD_MAP{$^O}{cwd} or defined &cwd) { + # The pwd command is not available in some chroot(2)'ed environments + my $sep = $Config::Config{path_sep} || ':'; + my $os = $^O; # Protect $^O from tainting -# By Brandon S. Allbery -# -# Usage: $cwd = getcwd(); + # Try again to find a pwd, this time searching the whole PATH. + if (defined $ENV{PATH} and $os ne 'MSWin32') { # no pwd on Windows + my @candidates = split($sep, $ENV{PATH}); + while (!$found_pwd_cmd and @candidates) { + my $candidate = shift @candidates; + $found_pwd_cmd = 1 if -x "$candidate/pwd"; + } + } -sub getcwd + # MacOS has some special magic to make `pwd` work. + if( $os eq 'MacOS' || $found_pwd_cmd ) + { + *cwd = \&_backtick_pwd; + } + else { + *cwd = \&getcwd; + } +} + +if ($^O eq 'cygwin') { + # We need to make sure cwd() is called with no args, because it's + # got an arg-less prototype and will die if args are present. + local $^W = 0; + my $orig_cwd = \&cwd; + *cwd = sub { &$orig_cwd() } +} + + +# set a reasonable (and very safe) default for fastgetcwd, in case it +# isn't redefined later (20001212 rspier) +*fastgetcwd = \&cwd; + +# A non-XS version of getcwd() - also used to bootstrap the perl build +# process, when miniperl is running and no XS loading happens. +sub _perl_getcwd { abs_path('.'); } @@ -105,10 +384,7 @@ sub getcwd # This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous because # you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir back into. -# List of metachars taken from do_exec() in doio.c -my $quoted_shell_meta = quotemeta('$&*(){}[]";\\|?<>~`'."'\n"); - -sub fastcwd { +sub fastcwd_ { my($odev, $oino, $cdev, $cino, $tdev, $tino); my(@path, $path); local(*DIR); @@ -138,14 +414,15 @@ sub fastcwd { $path = '/' . join('/', @path); if ($^O eq 'apollo') { $path = "/".$path; } # At this point $path may be tainted (if tainting) and chdir would fail. - # To be more useful we untaint it then check that we landed where we started. - $path = $1 if $path =~ /^(.*)$/; # untaint - CORE::chdir($path) || return undef; + # Untaint it then check that we landed where we started. + $path =~ /^(.*)\z/s # untaint + && CORE::chdir($1) or return undef; ($cdev, $cino) = stat('.'); die "Unstable directory path, current directory changed unexpectedly" if $cdev != $orig_cdev || $cino != $orig_cino; $path; } +if (not defined &fastcwd) { *fastcwd = \&fastcwd_ } # Keeps track of current working directory in PWD environment var @@ -156,7 +433,7 @@ sub fastcwd { my $chdir_init = 0; sub chdir_init { - if ($ENV{'PWD'} and $^O ne 'os2' and $^O ne 'dos') { + if ($ENV{'PWD'} and $^O ne 'os2' and $^O ne 'dos' and $^O ne 'MSWin32') { my($dd,$di) = stat('.'); my($pd,$pi) = stat($ENV{'PWD'}); if (!defined $dd or !defined $pd or $di != $pi or $dd != $pd) { @@ -164,10 +441,12 @@ sub chdir_init { } } else { - $ENV{'PWD'} = cwd(); + my $wd = cwd(); + $wd = Win32::GetFullPathName($wd) if $^O eq 'MSWin32'; + $ENV{'PWD'} = $wd; } # Strip an automounter prefix (where /tmp_mnt/foo/bar == /foo/bar) - if ($ENV{'PWD'} =~ m|(/[^/]+(/[^/]+/[^/]+))(.*)|) { + if ($^O ne 'MSWin32' and $ENV{'PWD'} =~ m|(/[^/]+(/[^/]+/[^/]+))(.*)|s) { my($pd,$pi) = stat($2); my($dd,$di) = stat($1); if (defined $pd and defined $dd and $di == $pi and $dd == $pd) { @@ -178,13 +457,29 @@ sub chdir_init { } sub chdir { - my $newdir = shift || ''; # allow for no arg (chdir to HOME dir) - $newdir =~ s|///*|/|g; + my $newdir = @_ ? shift : ''; # allow for no arg (chdir to HOME dir) + $newdir =~ s|///*|/|g unless $^O eq 'MSWin32'; chdir_init() unless $chdir_init; + my $newpwd; + if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') { + # get the full path name *before* the chdir() + $newpwd = Win32::GetFullPathName($newdir); + } + return 0 unless CORE::chdir $newdir; - if ($^O eq 'VMS') { return $ENV{'PWD'} = $ENV{'DEFAULT'} } - if ($newdir =~ m#^/#) { + if ($^O eq 'VMS') { + return $ENV{'PWD'} = $ENV{'DEFAULT'} + } + elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS') { + return $ENV{'PWD'} = cwd(); + } + elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') { + $ENV{'PWD'} = $newpwd; + return 1; + } + + if ($newdir =~ m#^/#s) { $ENV{'PWD'} = $newdir; } else { my @curdir = split(m#/#,$ENV{'PWD'}); @@ -200,36 +495,55 @@ sub chdir { 1; } -# Taken from Cwd.pm It is really getcwd with an optional -# parameter instead of '.' -# -sub abs_path +sub _perl_abs_path { my $start = @_ ? shift : '.'; my($dotdots, $cwd, @pst, @cst, $dir, @tst); - return cwd() if ( $^O =~ /cygwin/ ); - unless (@cst = stat( $start )) { - carp "stat($start): $!"; + _carp("stat($start): $!"); return ''; } + + unless (-d _) { + # Make sure we can be invoked on plain files, not just directories. + # NOTE that this routine assumes that '/' is the only directory separator. + + my ($dir, $file) = $start =~ m{^(.*)/(.+)$} + or return cwd() . '/' . $start; + + # Can't use "-l _" here, because the previous stat was a stat(), not an lstat(). + if (-l $start) { + my $link_target = readlink($start); + die "Can't resolve link $start: $!" unless defined $link_target; + + require File::Spec; + $link_target = $dir . '/' . $link_target + unless File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($link_target); + + return abs_path($link_target); + } + + return $dir ? abs_path($dir) . "/$file" : "/$file"; + } + $cwd = ''; $dotdots = $start; do { $dotdots .= '/..'; @pst = @cst; + local *PARENT; unless (opendir(PARENT, $dotdots)) { - carp "opendir($dotdots): $!"; + _carp("opendir($dotdots): $!"); return ''; } unless (@cst = stat($dotdots)) { - carp "stat($dotdots): $!"; + _carp("stat($dotdots): $!"); closedir(PARENT); return ''; } @@ -243,7 +557,7 @@ sub abs_path { unless (defined ($dir = readdir(PARENT))) { - carp "readdir($dotdots): $!"; + _carp("readdir($dotdots): $!"); closedir(PARENT); return ''; } @@ -259,15 +573,58 @@ sub abs_path $cwd; } + +my $Curdir; sub fast_abs_path { + local $ENV{PWD} = $ENV{PWD} || ''; # Guard against clobberage my $cwd = getcwd(); - my $path = shift || '.'; - CORE::chdir($path) || croak "Cannot chdir to $path:$!"; + require File::Spec; + my $path = @_ ? shift : ($Curdir ||= File::Spec->curdir); + + # Detaint else we'll explode in taint mode. This is safe because + # we're not doing anything dangerous with it. + ($path) = $path =~ /(.*)/; + ($cwd) = $cwd =~ /(.*)/; + + unless (-e $path) { + _croak("$path: No such file or directory"); + } + + unless (-d _) { + # Make sure we can be invoked on plain files, not just directories. + + my ($vol, $dir, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($path); + return File::Spec->catfile($cwd, $path) unless length $dir; + + if (-l $path) { + my $link_target = readlink($path); + die "Can't resolve link $path: $!" unless defined $link_target; + + $link_target = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, $link_target) + unless File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($link_target); + + return fast_abs_path($link_target); + } + + return $dir eq File::Spec->rootdir + ? File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, $file) + : fast_abs_path(File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dir, '')) . '/' . $file; + } + + if (!CORE::chdir($path)) { + _croak("Cannot chdir to $path: $!"); + } my $realpath = getcwd(); - CORE::chdir($cwd) || croak "Cannot chdir back to $cwd:$!"; + if (! ((-d $cwd) && (CORE::chdir($cwd)))) { + _croak("Cannot chdir back to $cwd: $!"); + } $realpath; } +# added function alias to follow principle of least surprise +# based on previous aliasing. --tchrist 27-Jan-00 +*fast_realpath = \&fast_abs_path; + # --- PORTING SECTION --- @@ -285,14 +642,17 @@ sub _vms_cwd { sub _vms_abs_path { return $ENV{'DEFAULT'} unless @_; + + # may need to turn foo.dir into [.foo] my $path = VMS::Filespec::pathify($_[0]); - croak("Invalid path name $_[0]") unless defined $path; + $path = $_[0] unless defined $path; + return VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand($path); } sub _os2_cwd { $ENV{'PWD'} = `cmd /c cd`; - chop $ENV{'PWD'}; + chomp $ENV{'PWD'}; $ENV{'PWD'} =~ s:\\:/:g ; return $ENV{'PWD'}; } @@ -303,15 +663,12 @@ sub _win32_cwd { return $ENV{'PWD'}; } -*_NT_cwd = \&_win32_cwd if (!defined &_NT_cwd && - defined &Win32::GetCwd); - -*_NT_cwd = \&_os2_cwd unless defined &_NT_cwd; +*_NT_cwd = defined &Win32::GetCwd ? \&_win32_cwd : \&_os2_cwd; sub _dos_cwd { if (!defined &Dos::GetCwd) { $ENV{'PWD'} = `command /c cd`; - chop $ENV{'PWD'}; + chomp $ENV{'PWD'}; $ENV{'PWD'} =~ s:\\:/:g ; } else { $ENV{'PWD'} = Dos::GetCwd(); @@ -320,69 +677,53 @@ sub _dos_cwd { } sub _qnx_cwd { + local $ENV{PATH} = ''; + local $ENV{CDPATH} = ''; + local $ENV{ENV} = ''; $ENV{'PWD'} = `/usr/bin/fullpath -t`; - chop $ENV{'PWD'}; + chomp $ENV{'PWD'}; return $ENV{'PWD'}; } sub _qnx_abs_path { - my $path = shift || '.'; - my $realpath=`/usr/bin/fullpath -t $path`; - chop $realpath; + local $ENV{PATH} = ''; + local $ENV{CDPATH} = ''; + local $ENV{ENV} = ''; + my $path = @_ ? shift : '.'; + local *REALPATH; + + defined( open(REALPATH, '-|') || exec '/usr/bin/fullpath', '-t', $path ) or + die "Can't open /usr/bin/fullpath: $!"; + my $realpath = ; + close REALPATH; + chomp $realpath; return $realpath; } -{ - local $^W = 0; # assignments trigger 'subroutine redefined' warning +sub _epoc_cwd { + $ENV{'PWD'} = EPOC::getcwd(); + return $ENV{'PWD'}; +} - if ($^O eq 'VMS') { - *cwd = \&_vms_cwd; - *getcwd = \&_vms_cwd; - *fastcwd = \&_vms_cwd; - *fastgetcwd = \&_vms_cwd; - *abs_path = \&_vms_abs_path; - *fast_abs_path = \&_vms_abs_path; - } - elsif ($^O eq 'NT' or $^O eq 'MSWin32') { - # We assume that &_NT_cwd is defined as an XSUB or in the core. - *cwd = \&_NT_cwd; - *getcwd = \&_NT_cwd; - *fastcwd = \&_NT_cwd; - *fastgetcwd = \&_NT_cwd; - *abs_path = \&fast_abs_path; - } - elsif ($^O eq 'os2') { - # sys_cwd may keep the builtin command - *cwd = defined &sys_cwd ? \&sys_cwd : \&_os2_cwd; - *getcwd = \&cwd; - *fastgetcwd = \&cwd; - *fastcwd = \&cwd; - *abs_path = \&fast_abs_path; - } - elsif ($^O eq 'dos') { - *cwd = \&_dos_cwd; - *getcwd = \&_dos_cwd; - *fastgetcwd = \&_dos_cwd; - *fastcwd = \&_dos_cwd; - *abs_path = \&fast_abs_path; - } - elsif ($^O eq 'qnx') { - *cwd = \&_qnx_cwd; - *getcwd = \&_qnx_cwd; - *fastgetcwd = \&_qnx_cwd; - *fastcwd = \&_qnx_cwd; - *abs_path = \&_qnx_abs_path; - *fast_abs_path = \&_qnx_abs_path; - } + +# Now that all the base-level functions are set up, alias the +# user-level functions to the right places + +if (exists $METHOD_MAP{$^O}) { + my $map = $METHOD_MAP{$^O}; + foreach my $name (keys %$map) { + local $^W = 0; # assignments trigger 'subroutine redefined' warning + no strict 'refs'; + *{$name} = \&{$map->{$name}}; + } } -# package main; eval join('',) || die $@; # quick test +# In case the XS version doesn't load. +*abs_path = \&_perl_abs_path unless defined &abs_path; +*getcwd = \&_perl_getcwd unless defined &getcwd; -1; +# added function alias for those of us more +# used to the libc function. --tchrist 27-Jan-00 +*realpath = \&abs_path; -__END__ -BEGIN { import Cwd qw(:DEFAULT chdir); } -print join("\n", cwd, getcwd, fastcwd, ""); -chdir('..'); -print join("\n", cwd, getcwd, fastcwd, ""); -print "$ENV{PWD}\n"; +1;