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Distinguish C- and perly- literals - PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN
[perl5.git] / perly.y
diff --git a/perly.y b/perly.y
index 200964d..56d2f32 100644 (file)
--- a/perly.y
+++ b/perly.y
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  *
- * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
+ * The main job of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  *
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
 
-%pure-parser
+%define api.pure
 
 %start grammar
 
     GV *gvval;
 }
 
-%token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
+%token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
 
-%token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
+%token <ival> ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
+%token <ival> PERLY_BRACE_OPEN
+%token <ival> PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
+%token <ival> PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN
 
-%token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
+%token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
-%token <pval> LABEL
-%token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
+%token <opval> LABEL
+%token <ival> FORMAT SUB SIGSUB ANONSUB ANON_SIGSUB PACKAGE USE
 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
 %token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
-%token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
+%token <ival> MULOP ADDOP
 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
 %token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
 %token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
+%token <ival> SUBLEXSTART SUBLEXEND
 
 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
 
 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
+%type <opval> condition
 %type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
-%type <opval> formname subname proto optsubbody cont my_scalar my_var
+%type <opval> formname subname proto cont my_scalar my_var
 %type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
-%type <opval> subsignature termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
+%type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
+%type <opval> termrelop relopchain termeqop eqopchain
+%type <ival>  sigslurpsigil
+%type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
+%type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsigguts subsignature optsubsignature
+%type <opval> subbody optsubbody sigsubbody optsigsubbody
 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
 
 %nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
 %left <ival> ','
 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
 %right <ival> '?' ':'
-%nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
+%nonassoc DOTDOT
 %left <ival> OROR DORDOR
 %left <ival> ANDAND
 %left <ival> BITOROP
 %left <ival> BITANDOP
-%nonassoc EQOP
-%nonassoc RELOP
+%left <ival> CHEQOP NCEQOP
+%left <ival> CHRELOP NCRELOP
 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 %left <ival> SHIFTOP
 %left <ival> ARROW
 %nonassoc <ival> ')'
 %left <ival> '('
-%left '[' '{'
+%left PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN PERLY_BRACE_OPEN
 
 %% /* RULES */
 
 grammar        :       GRAMPROG
                        {
                          parser->expect = XSTATE;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                remember stmtseq
                        {
-                         newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
+                         newPROG(block_end($remember,$stmtseq));
                          PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
                          $$ = 0;
                        }
        |       GRAMEXPR
                        {
                          parser->expect = XTERM;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                optexpr
                        {
-                         PL_eval_root = $3;
+                         PL_eval_root = $optexpr;
                          $$ = 0;
                        }
        |       GRAMBLOCK
                        {
                          parser->expect = XBLOCK;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                block
                        {
                          PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
-                         PL_eval_root = $3;
+                         PL_eval_root = $block;
                          $$ = 0;
                          yyunlex();
-                         parser->yychar = YYEOF;
+                         parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
                        }
        |       GRAMBARESTMT
                        {
                          parser->expect = XSTATE;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                barestmt
                        {
                          PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
-                         PL_eval_root = $3;
+                         PL_eval_root = $barestmt;
                          $$ = 0;
                          yyunlex();
-                         parser->yychar = YYEOF;
+                         parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
                        }
        |       GRAMFULLSTMT
                        {
                          parser->expect = XSTATE;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                fullstmt
                        {
                          PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
-                         PL_eval_root = $3;
+                         PL_eval_root = $fullstmt;
                          $$ = 0;
                          yyunlex();
-                         parser->yychar = YYEOF;
+                         parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
                        }
        |       GRAMSTMTSEQ
                        {
                          parser->expect = XSTATE;
+                          $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
                stmtseq
                        {
-                         PL_eval_root = $3;
+                         PL_eval_root = $stmtseq;
+                         $$ = 0;
+                       }
+       |       GRAMSUBSIGNATURE
+                       {
+                         parser->expect = XSTATE;
+                         $<ival>$ = 0;
+                       }
+               subsigguts
+                       {
+                         PL_eval_root = $subsigguts;
                          $$ = 0;
                        }
        ;
 
 /* An ordinary block */
-block  :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
-                       { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
-                             parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
-                         $$ = block_end($2, $3);
+block  :       PERLY_BRACE_OPEN remember stmtseq PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
+                       { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN)
+                             parser->copline = (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, $stmtseq);
                        }
        ;
 
@@ -189,7 +215,7 @@ block       :       '{' remember stmtseq '}'
 formblock:     '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
                        { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
                              parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
-                         $$ = block_end($2, $5);
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, $formstmtseq);
                        }
        ;
 
@@ -198,10 +224,10 @@ remember: /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
                          parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
        ;
 
-mblock :       '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
-                       { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
-                             parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
-                         $$ = block_end($2, $3);
+mblock :       PERLY_BRACE_OPEN mremember stmtseq PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
+                       { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN)
+                             parser->copline = (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN;
+                         $$ = block_end($mremember, $stmtseq);
                        }
        ;
 
@@ -212,22 +238,22 @@ mremember:        /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 
 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
 stmtseq        :       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
-       |       stmtseq fullstmt
-                       {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+       |       stmtseq[list] fullstmt
+                       {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $fullstmt);
                            PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
-                           if ($1 && $2)
+                           if ($list && $fullstmt)
                                PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
                        }
        ;
 
 /* A sequence of format lines */
 formstmtseq:   /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
-       |       formstmtseq formline
-                       {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+       |       formstmtseq[list] formline
+                       {   $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $formline);
                            PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
-                           if ($1 && $2)
+                           if ($list && $formline)
                                PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
                        }
        ;
@@ -235,168 +261,142 @@ formstmtseq:    /* NULL */
 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
 fullstmt:      barestmt
                        {
-                         $$ = $1 ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1) : NULL;
+                         $$ = $barestmt ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $barestmt) : NULL;
                        }
        |       labfullstmt
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $labfullstmt; }
        ;
 
 labfullstmt:   LABEL barestmt
                        {
-                         $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
+                          SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($LABEL);
+                         $$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
+                                            savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $barestmt);
+                          op_free($LABEL);
                        }
-       |       LABEL labfullstmt
+       |       LABEL labfullstmt[list]
                        {
-                         $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
+                          SV *label = cSVOPx_sv($LABEL);
+                         $$ = newSTATEOP(SvFLAGS(label) & SVf_UTF8,
+                                            savepv(SvPVX_const(label)), $list);
+                          op_free($LABEL);
                        }
        ;
 
 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
 barestmt:      PLUGSTMT
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $PLUGSTMT; }
        |       FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
                        {
                          CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
-                         newFORM($2, $3, $4);
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         newFORM($startformsub, $formname, $formblock);
+                         $$ = NULL;
                          if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
                              pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
                          }
                          parser->parsed_sub = 1;
                        }
        |       SUB subname startsub
+                    /* sub declaration or definition not within scope
+                       of 'use feature "signatures"'*/
                        {
-                         if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
-                           const char *const name =
-                               SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
-                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
-                             || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
-                             || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
-                             CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
-                         }
-                         else
-                         /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
-                            clonable themselves. */
-                         if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
-                          || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
-                          || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
-                                               CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv)
-                                            ))[$2->op_targ]))
-                             CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
+                          init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname);
                          parser->in_my = 0;
                          parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
                        }
-               proto subattrlist optsubbody
+                    proto subattrlist optsubbody
                        {
                          SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         $2->op_type == OP_CONST
-                             ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
-                             : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
+                         $subname->op_type == OP_CONST
+                             ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody)
+                             : newMYSUB($startsub, $subname, $proto, $subattrlist, $optsubbody)
                          ;
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         $$ = NULL;
                          intro_my();
                          parser->parsed_sub = 1;
                        }
-       |       SUB subname startsub
+       |       SIGSUB subname startsub
+                    /* sub declaration or definition under 'use feature
+                     * "signatures"'. (Note that a signature isn't
+                     * allowed in a declaration)
+                     */
                        {
-                         if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
-                           const char *const name =
-                               SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
-                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
-                             || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
-                             || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
-                             CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
-                         }
-                         else
-                         /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
-                            clonable themselves. */
-                         if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
-                          || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
-                          || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
-                                               CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv)
-                                            ))[$2->op_targ]))
-                             CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
+                          init_named_cv(PL_compcv, $subname);
                          parser->in_my = 0;
                          parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
                        }
-               remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}'
+                    subattrlist optsigsubbody
                        {
-                         OP *body;
-                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$8)
-                             parser->copline = (line_t)$8;
-                         body = block_end($5,
-                               op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $6, $9));
-
                          SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         $2->op_type == OP_CONST
-                             ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
-                             : newMYSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
+                         $subname->op_type == OP_CONST
+                             ? newATTRSUB($startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, $optsigsubbody)
+                             : newMYSUB(  $startsub, $subname, NULL, $subattrlist, $optsigsubbody)
                          ;
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         $$ = NULL;
                          intro_my();
                          parser->parsed_sub = 1;
                        }
-       |       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
+       |       PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] ';'
                        {
-                         package($3);
-                         if ($2)
-                             package_version($2);
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         package($package);
+                         if ($version)
+                             package_version($version);
+                         $$ = NULL;
                        }
        |       USE startsub
                        { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
-               WORD WORD optlistexpr ';'
+               BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[module] optlistexpr ';'
                        {
                          SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
+                         utilize($USE, $startsub, $version, $module, $optlistexpr);
                          parser->parsed_sub = 1;
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         $$ = NULL;
                        }
        |       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3,
-                             newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                             newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, op_scope($mblock), $else));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$IF;
                        }
        |       UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3,
-                              newCONDOP(0, $4, $7, op_scope($6)));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                              newCONDOP(0, $mexpr, $else, op_scope($mblock)));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$UNLESS;
                        }
        |       GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3, newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6), 0));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, newGIVENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock), 0));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$GIVEN;
                        }
        |       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
-                       { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
+                       { $$ = block_end($remember, newWHENOP($mexpr, op_scope($mblock))); }
        |       DEFAULT block
-                       { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
+                       { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($block)); }
        |       WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3,
-                                 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
-                                     $4, $7, $8, $6));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                                 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
+                                     $texpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$WHILE;
                        }
        |       UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3,
-                                 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
-                                     $4, $7, $8, $6));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                                 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
+                                     $iexpr, $mblock, $cont, $mintro));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$UNTIL;
                        }
-       |       FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';'
+       |       FOR '(' remember mnexpr[init_mnexpr] ';'
                        { parser->expect = XTERM; }
                texpr ';'
                        { parser->expect = XTERM; }
-               mintro mnexpr ')'
+               mintro mnexpr[iterate_mnexpr] ')'
                mblock
                        {
-                         OP *initop = $4;
-                         OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
-                                     scalar($7), $13, $11, $10);
+                         OP *initop = $init_mnexpr;
+                         OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
+                                     scalar($texpr), $mblock, $iterate_mnexpr, $mintro);
                          if (initop) {
                              forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
                                  op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
@@ -404,77 +404,82 @@ barestmt: PLUGSTMT
                                      forop));
                          }
                          PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
-                         $$ = block_end($3, forop);
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, forop);
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
        |       FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0, $my_scalar, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
        |       FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
-                                     op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(0,
+                                     op_lvalue($scalar, OP_ENTERLOOP), $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
-       |       FOR REFGEN MY remember my_var
-                       { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($5); }
+       |       FOR my_refgen remember my_var
+                       { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($my_var); }[variable]
                '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
                        {
                          $$ = block_end(
-                               $4,
+                               $remember,
                                newFOROP(0,
                                         op_lvalue(
                                            newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
-                                                   $<opval>6),
+                                                   $<opval>variable),
                                            OP_ENTERLOOP),
-                                        $8, $10, $11)
+                                        $mexpr, $mblock, $cont)
                          );
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
        |       FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($5, newFOROP(
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, newFOROP(
                                0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
-                                                    $3),
-                                            OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                                                    $refgen_topic),
+                                            OP_ENTERLOOP), $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
        |       FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
                        {
-                         $$ = block_end($3,
-                                 newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                                 newFOROP(0, NULL, $mexpr, $mblock, $cont));
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR;
                        }
        |       block cont
                        {
                          /* a block is a loop that happens once */
-                         $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
-                                 (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
+                         $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
+                                 NULL, $block, $cont, 0);
                        }
-       |       PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
+       |       PACKAGE BAREWORD[version] BAREWORD[package] PERLY_BRACE_OPEN remember
                        {
-                         package($3);
-                         if ($2) {
-                             package_version($2);
+                         package($package);
+                         if ($version) {
+                             package_version($version);
                          }
                        }
-               stmtseq '}'
+               stmtseq PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
                        {
                          /* a block is a loop that happens once */
-                         $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
-                                 (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
-                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
-                             parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
+                         $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
+                                 NULL, block_end($remember, $stmtseq), NULL, 0);
+                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN)
+                             parser->copline = (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN;
                        }
        |       sideff ';'
                        {
-                         $$ = $1;
+                         $$ = $sideff;
+                       }
+       |       YADAYADA ';'
+                       {
+                         $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
+                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
                        }
        |       ';'
                        {
-                         $$ = (OP*)NULL;
+                         $$ = NULL;
                          parser->copline = NOLINE;
                        }
        ;
@@ -482,12 +487,12 @@ barestmt: PLUGSTMT
 /* Format line */
 formline:      THING formarg
                        { OP *list;
-                         if ($2) {
-                             OP *term = $2;
-                             list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
+                         if ($formarg) {
+                             OP *term = $formarg;
+                             list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $THING, term);
                          }
                          else {
-                             list = $1;
+                             list = $THING;
                          }
                          if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
                               parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
@@ -500,51 +505,54 @@ formline: THING formarg
 formarg        :       /* NULL */
                        { $$ = NULL; }
        |       FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
-                       { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
+                       { $$ = op_unscope($stmtseq); }
        ;
 
+condition: expr
+;
+
 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 sideff :       error
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
-       |       expr
-                       { $$ = $1; }
-       |       expr IF expr
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
-       |       expr UNLESS expr
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
-       |       expr WHILE expr
-                       { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
-       |       expr UNTIL iexpr
-                       { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1); }
-       |       expr FOR expr
-                       { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
-                         parser->copline = (line_t)$2; }
-       |       expr WHEN expr
-                       { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+       |       expr[body]
+                       { $$ = $body; }
+       |       expr[body] IF condition
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $condition, $body); }
+       |       expr[body] UNLESS condition
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $condition, $body); }
+       |       expr[body] WHILE condition
+                       { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($condition), $body); }
+       |       expr[body] UNTIL iexpr
+                       { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $iexpr, $body); }
+       |       expr[body] FOR condition
+                       { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $condition, $body, NULL);
+                         parser->copline = (line_t)$FOR; }
+       |       expr[body] WHEN condition
+                       { $$ = newWHENOP($condition, op_scope($body)); }
        ;
 
 /* else and elsif blocks */
 else   :       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       ELSE mblock
                        {
-                         ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
-                         $$ = op_scope($2);
+                         ($mblock)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
+                         $$ = op_scope($mblock);
                        }
-       |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
-                       { parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
+       |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else[else.recurse]
+                       { parser->copline = (line_t)$ELSIF;
                            $$ = newCONDOP(0,
-                               newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
-                               op_scope($5), $6);
+                               newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$mexpr),
+                               op_scope($mblock), $[else.recurse]);
                          PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
                        }
        ;
 
 /* Continue blocks */
 cont   :       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       CONTINUE block
-                       { $$ = op_scope($2); }
+                       { $$ = op_scope($block); }
        ;
 
 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
@@ -555,7 +563,7 @@ mintro      :       /* NULL */
 
 /* Normal expression */
 nexpr  :       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       sideff
        ;
 
@@ -569,20 +577,20 @@ texpr     :       /* NULL means true */
 
 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 iexpr  :       expr
-                       { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
+                       { $$ = invert(scalar($expr)); }
        ;
 
 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 mexpr  :       expr
-                       { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
+                       { $$ = $expr; intro_my(); }
        ;
 
 mnexpr :       nexpr
-                       { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
+                       { $$ = $nexpr; intro_my(); }
        ;
 
-formname:      WORD            { $$ = $1; }
-       |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+formname:      BAREWORD        { $$ = $BAREWORD; }
+       |       /* NULL */      { $$ = NULL; }
        ;
 
 startsub:      /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
@@ -602,120 +610,346 @@ startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
        ;
 
 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
-subname        :       WORD
+subname        :       BAREWORD
        |       PRIVATEREF
        ;
 
 /* Subroutine prototype */
 proto  :       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       THING
        ;
 
 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 subattrlist:   /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       COLONATTR THING
-                       { $$ = $2; }
+                       { $$ = $THING; }
        |       COLONATTR
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        ;
 
 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 myattrlist:    COLONATTR THING
-                       { $$ = $2; }
+                       { $$ = $THING; }
        |       COLONATTR
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        ;
 
-/* Subroutine signature */
-subsignature:  '('
-                       {
-                         /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
-                         assert(FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED);
 
-                         Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
-                               packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
-                               "The signatures feature is experimental");
-                         $<opval>$ = parse_subsignature();
+
+/* --------------------------------------
+ * subroutine signature parsing
+ */
+
+/* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable  */
+sigvarname:     /* NULL */
+                       { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
+        |       PRIVATEREF
+                        { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $PRIVATEREF; }
+       ;
+
+sigslurpsigil:
+                '@'
+                        { $$ = '@'; }
+        |       '%'
+                        { $$ = '%'; }
+
+/* @, %, @foo, %foo */
+sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */ 
+                        {
+                            I32 sigil   = $sigslurpsigil;
+                            OP *var     = $sigvarname;
+                            OP *defexpr = $sigdefault;
+
+                            if (parser->sig_slurpy)
+                                yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
+                            parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
+
+                            if (defexpr)
+                                yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
+                                        "a default value");
+
+                            $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
+                        }
+       ;
+
+/* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
+sigdefault:    /* NULL */
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+        |       ASSIGNOP
+                        { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
+        |       ASSIGNOP term
+                        { $$ = $term; }
+
+
+/* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
+sigscalarelem:
+                '$' sigvarname sigdefault
+                        {
+                            OP *var     = $sigvarname;
+                            OP *defexpr = $sigdefault;
+
+                            if (parser->sig_slurpy)
+                                yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
+
+                            parser->sig_elems++;
+
+                            if (defexpr) {
+                                parser->sig_optelems++;
+
+                                if (   defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
+                                    && !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
+                                {
+                                    /* handle '$=' special case */
+                                    if (var)
+                                        yyerror("Optional parameter "
+                                                    "lacks default expression");
+                                    op_free(defexpr);
+                                }
+                                else { 
+                                    /* a normal '=default' expression */ 
+                                    OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
+                                                        defexpr,
+                                                        LINKLIST(defexpr));
+                                    /* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
+                                    defop->op_targ =
+                                        (PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
+
+                                    if (var) {
+                                        var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
+                                        (void)op_sibling_splice(var,
+                                                        NULL, 0, defop);
+                                        scalar(defop);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                        var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
+
+                                    LINKLIST(var);
+                                    /* NB: normally the first child of a
+                                     * logop is executed before the logop,
+                                     * and it pushes a boolean result
+                                     * ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
+                                     * the op itself does the boolean
+                                     * calculation, so set the first op to
+                                     * it instead.
+                                     */
+                                    var->op_next = defop;
+                                    defexpr->op_next = var;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                if (parser->sig_optelems)
+                                    yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
+                                            "follows optional parameter");
+                            }
+
+                            $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
+                        }
+       ;
+
+
+/* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
+sigelem:        sigscalarelem
+                        { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $sigscalarelem; }
+        |       sigslurpelem
+                        { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $sigslurpelem; }
+       ;
+
+/* list of subroutine signature elements */
+siglist:
+               siglist[list] ','
+                       { $$ = $list; }
+       |       siglist[list] ',' sigelem[element]
+                       {
+                         $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $list, $element);
                        }
-               ')'
+        |      sigelem[element]  %prec PREC_LOW
+                       { $$ = $element; }
+       ;
+
+/* () or (....) */
+siglistornull:         /* NULL */
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+       |       siglist
+                       { $$ = $siglist; }
+
+/* optional subroutine signature */
+optsubsignature:       /* NULL */
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
+       |       subsignature
+                       { $$ = $subsignature; }
+
+/* Subroutine signature */
+subsignature:  '(' subsigguts ')'
+                       { $$ = $subsigguts; }
+
+subsigguts:
+                        {
+                            ENTER;
+                            SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
+                            SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
+                            SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
+                            parser->sig_elems    = 0;
+                            parser->sig_optelems = 0;
+                            parser->sig_slurpy   = 0;
+                            parser->in_my        = KEY_sigvar;
+                        }
+                siglistornull
                        {
-                         $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $<opval>2,
-                               newSTATEOP(0, NULL, sawparens(newNULLLIST())));
-                         parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
+                            OP            *sigops = $siglistornull;
+                            struct op_argcheck_aux *aux;
+                            OP            *check;
+
+                           if (!FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED)
+                               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Experimental "
+                                    "subroutine signatures not enabled");
+
+                            /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
+                            Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
+                                packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
+                                "The signatures feature is experimental");
+
+                            aux = (struct op_argcheck_aux*)
+                                    PerlMemShared_malloc(
+                                        sizeof(struct op_argcheck_aux));
+                            aux->params     = parser->sig_elems;
+                            aux->opt_params = parser->sig_optelems;
+                            aux->slurpy     = parser->sig_slurpy;
+                            check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL,
+                                            (UNOP_AUX_item *)aux);
+                            sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
+                            sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
+                                                newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
+                                                sigops);
+                            /* a nextstate at the end handles context
+                             * correctly for an empty sub body */
+                            sigops = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
+                                                sigops,
+                                                newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
+                            /* wrap the list of arg ops in a NULL aux op.
+                              This serves two purposes. First, it makes
+                              the arg list a separate subtree from the
+                              body of the sub, and secondly the null op
+                              may in future be upgraded to an OP_SIGNATURE
+                              when implemented. For now leave it as
+                              ex-argcheck */
+                            $$ = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, sigops, NULL);
+                            op_null($$);
+
+                            parser->in_my = 0;
+                            /* tell the toker that attrributes can follow
+                             * this sig, but only so that the toker
+                             * can skip through any (illegal) trailing
+                             * attribute text then give a useful error
+                             * message about "attributes before sig",
+                             * rather than falling over ina mess at
+                             * unrecognised syntax.
+                             */
+                            parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
+                            parser->sig_seen = TRUE;
+                            LEAVE;
                        }
        ;
 
-/* Optional subroutine body, for named subroutine declaration */
-optsubbody:    block
-       |       ';'     { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+/* Optional subroutine body (for named subroutine declaration) */
+optsubbody:    subbody { $$ = $subbody; }
+       |       ';'     { $$ = NULL; }
+       ;
+
+
+/* Subroutine body (without signature) */
+subbody:       remember  PERLY_BRACE_OPEN stmtseq PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
+                       {
+                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN)
+                             parser->copline = (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember, $stmtseq);
+                       }
        ;
 
+
+/* optional [ Subroutine body with optional signature ] (for named
+ * subroutine declaration) */
+optsigsubbody: sigsubbody { $$ = $sigsubbody; }
+       |       ';'        { $$ = NULL; }
+
+/* Subroutine body with optional signature */
+sigsubbody:    remember optsubsignature PERLY_BRACE_OPEN stmtseq PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE
+                       {
+                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN)
+                             parser->copline = (line_t)$PERLY_BRACE_OPEN;
+                         $$ = block_end($remember,
+                               op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $optsubsignature, $stmtseq));
+                       }
+       ;
+
+
 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
-expr   :       expr ANDOP expr
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
-       |       expr OROP expr
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
-       |       expr DOROP expr
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
+expr   :       expr[lhs] ANDOP expr[rhs]
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       expr[lhs] OROP[operator] expr[rhs]
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP($operator, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       expr[lhs] DOROP expr[rhs]
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
        |       listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
        ;
 
 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
-listexpr:      listexpr ','
-                       { $$ = $1; }
-       |       listexpr ',' term
+listexpr:      listexpr[list] ','
+                       { $$ = $list; }
+       |       listexpr[list] ',' term
                        {
-                         OP* term = $3;
-                         $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
+                         OP* term = $term;
+                         $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $list, term);
                        }
        |       term %prec PREC_LOW
        ;
 
 /* List operators */
 listop :       LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
-                       { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
-                               op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) );
+                       { $$ = op_convert_list($LSTOP, OPf_STACKED,
+                               op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($LSTOP,$indirob), $listexpr) );
                        }
        |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
-                       { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
-                               op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) );
+                       { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, OPf_STACKED,
+                               op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($FUNC,$indirob), $expr) );
                        }
        |       term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
                        { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
                                op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
-                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
+                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($term), $optexpr),
+                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $method)));
                        }
        |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
                        { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                               op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
-                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
+                               op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($term),
+                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $method)));
                        }
        |       METHOD indirob optlistexpr           /* new Class @args */
                        { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
                                op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
-                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
+                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $indirob, $optlistexpr),
+                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $METHOD)));
                        }
        |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')'    /* method $object (@args) */
                        { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
                                op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
-                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
+                                   op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $indirob, $optexpr),
+                                   newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $FUNCMETH)));
                        }
        |       LSTOP optlistexpr                    /* print @args */
-                       { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $2); }
+                       { $$ = op_convert_list($LSTOP, 0, $optlistexpr); }
        |       FUNC '(' optexpr ')'                 /* print (@args) */
-                       { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
+                       { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, 0, $optexpr); }
+       |       FUNC SUBLEXSTART optexpr SUBLEXEND          /* uc($arg) from "\U..." */
+                       { $$ = op_convert_list($FUNC, 0, $optexpr); }
        |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
                        { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
+                         $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, 0, NULL, $block); }[anonattrsub]
                    optlistexpr         %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
                                 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
-                                  op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
+                                  op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>anonattrsub, $optlistexpr), $LSTOPSUB));
                        }
        ;
 
@@ -725,107 +959,151 @@ method  :       METHOD
        ;
 
 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
-subscripted:    gelem '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
+subscripted:    gelem PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE        /* *main::{something} */
                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
                          * provided by the tokeniser */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
-       |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
+                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $gelem, scalar($expr)); }
+       |       scalar[array] PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($array), scalar($expr));
                        }
-       |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
+       |       term[array_reference] ARROW PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
                        { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
-                                       ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
-                                       scalar($4));
+                                       ref(newAVREF($array_reference),OP_RV2AV),
+                                       scalar($expr));
                        }
-       |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
+       |       subscripted[array_reference] PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
                        { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
-                                       ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
-                                       scalar($3));
+                                       ref(newAVREF($array_reference),OP_RV2AV),
+                                       scalar($expr));
                        }
-       |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo{bar();} */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
+       |       scalar[hash] PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE    /* $foo{bar();} */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($hash), jmaybe($expr));
                        }
-       |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
+       |       term[hash_reference] ARROW PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE /* somehref->{bar();} */
                        { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
-                                       ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
-                                       jmaybe($4)); }
-       |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
+                                       ref(newHVREF($hash_reference),OP_RV2HV),
+                                       jmaybe($expr)); }
+       |       subscripted[hash_reference] PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
                        { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
-                                       ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
-                                       jmaybe($3)); }
-       |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
+                                       ref(newHVREF($hash_reference),OP_RV2HV),
+                                       jmaybe($expr)); }
+       |       term[code_reference] ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                  newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
-       |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
+                                  newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference)));
+                         if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
+                             parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
+                       }
+       |       term[code_reference] ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
-                                      newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
+                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr,
+                                      newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference))));
+                         if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
+                             parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
+                       }
 
-       |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
+       |       subscripted[code_reference] '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
-                                              newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
-       |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
+                                  op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr,
+                                              newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference))));
+                         if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
+                             parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
+                       }
+       |       subscripted[code_reference] '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                                  newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
-       |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
-                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
-       |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
-                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1); }
-       |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
-                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL); }
+                                  newCVREF(0, scalar($code_reference)));
+                         if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
+                             parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
+                       }
+       |       '(' expr[list] ')' PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr[slice] ']'            /* list slice */
+                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $slice, $list); }
+       |       QWLIST PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
+                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $expr, $QWLIST); }
+       |       '(' ')' PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
+                       { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $expr, NULL); }
     ;
 
 /* Binary operators between terms */
-termbinop:     term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
-                       { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
-       |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
-                       {   if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
-                               scalar($1);
-                           $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3));
-                       }
-       |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
-                       { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
-                       { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
-       |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
-       |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
-       |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
-                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
-       |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
-                       { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
+termbinop:     term[lhs] ASSIGNOP term[rhs]                     /* $x = $y, $x += $y */
+                       { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $lhs, $ASSIGNOP, $rhs); }
+       |       term[lhs] POWOP term[rhs]                        /* $x ** $y */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($POWOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       term[lhs] MULOP term[rhs]                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
+                       {   if ($MULOP != OP_REPEAT)
+                               scalar($lhs);
+                           $$ = newBINOP($MULOP, 0, $lhs, scalar($rhs));
+                       }
+       |       term[lhs] ADDOP term[rhs]                        /* $x + $y */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($ADDOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       term[lhs] SHIFTOP term[rhs]                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($SHIFTOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       termrelop %prec PREC_LOW               /* $x > $y, etc. */
+                       { $$ = $termrelop; }
+       |       termeqop %prec PREC_LOW                /* $x == $y, $x cmp $y */
+                       { $$ = $termeqop; }
+       |       term[lhs] BITANDOP term[rhs]                     /* $x & $y */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($BITANDOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       term[lhs] BITOROP term[rhs]                      /* $x | $y */
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($BITOROP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       term[lhs] DOTDOT term[rhs]                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
+                       { $$ = newRANGE($DOTDOT, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       term[lhs] ANDAND term[rhs]                       /* $x && $y */
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       term[lhs] OROR term[rhs]                         /* $x || $y */
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       term[lhs] DORDOR term[rhs]                       /* $x // $y */
+                       { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       term[lhs] MATCHOP term[rhs]                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
+                       { $$ = bind_match($MATCHOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
     ;
 
+termrelop:     relopchain %prec PREC_LOW
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_finish($relopchain); }
+       |       term[lhs] NCRELOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($NCRELOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       termrelop NCRELOP
+                       { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
+       |       termrelop CHRELOP
+                       { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
+       ;
+
+relopchain:    term[lhs] CHRELOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_start($CHRELOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       relopchain[lhs] CHRELOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_extend($CHRELOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       ;
+
+termeqop:      eqopchain %prec PREC_LOW
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_finish($eqopchain); }
+       |       term[lhs] NCEQOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = newBINOP($NCEQOP, 0, scalar($lhs), scalar($rhs)); }
+       |       termeqop NCEQOP
+                       { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
+       |       termeqop CHEQOP
+                       { yyerror("syntax error"); YYERROR; }
+       ;
+
+eqopchain:     term[lhs] CHEQOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_start($CHEQOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       |       eqopchain[lhs] CHEQOP term[rhs]
+                       { $$ = cmpchain_extend($CHEQOP, $lhs, $rhs); }
+       ;
+
 /* Unary operators and terms */
 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($term)); }
        |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
-                       { $$ = $2; }
+                       { $$ = $term; }
 
        |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($term)); }
        |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($2)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($term)); }
        |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
-                                       op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
+                                       op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_POSTINC)); }
        |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
-                                       op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));}
+                                       op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_POSTDEC));}
        |       term POSTJOIN    /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
                        { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0,
                                       op_append_elem(
@@ -834,252 +1112,243 @@ termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
                                            newSVOP(OP_CONST,0,
                                                    newSVpvs("\""))
                                        )),
-                                       $1
+                                       $term
                                       ));
                        }
        |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
-                                       op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
+                                       op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_PREINC)); }
        |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
-                                       op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
+                                       op_lvalue(scalar($term), OP_PREDEC)); }
 
     ;
 
 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
-anonymous:     '[' expr ']'
-                       { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
-       |       '[' ']'
-                       { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);}
-       |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
-                       { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
-       |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
-                       { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL); }
-       |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block            %prec '('
+anonymous:     PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'
+                       { $$ = newANONLIST($expr); }
+       |       PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN ']'
+                       { $$ = newANONLIST(NULL);}
+       |       HASHBRACK expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE    %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
+                       { $$ = newANONHASH($expr); }
+       |       HASHBRACK ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
+                       { $$ = newANONHASH(NULL); }
+       |       ANONSUB     startanonsub proto subattrlist subbody    %prec '('
                        { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
-       |       ANONSUB startanonsub remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}'  %prec '('
-                       {
-                         OP *body;
-                         if (parser->copline > (line_t)$6)
-                             parser->copline = (line_t)$6;
-                         body = block_end($3,
-                               op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $4, $7));
-                         SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
-                         $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, NULL, $5, body);
-                       }
-
+                         $$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, $proto, $subattrlist, $subbody); }
+       |       ANON_SIGSUB startanonsub subattrlist sigsubbody %prec '('
+                       { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
+                         $$ = newANONATTRSUB($startanonsub, NULL, $subattrlist, $sigsubbody); }
     ;
 
 /* Things called with "do" */
 termdo :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
-                       { $$ = dofile($2, $1);}
+                       { $$ = dofile($term, $DO);}
        |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));}
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($block));}
         ;
 
-term   :       termbinop
+term[product]  :       termbinop
        |       termunop
        |       anonymous
        |       termdo
-       |       term '?' term ':' term
-                       { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
-       |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $2); }
+       |       term[condition] '?' term[then] ':' term[else]
+                       { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $condition, $then, $else); }
+       |       REFGEN term[operand]                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $operand); }
+       |       MY REFGEN term[operand]
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, localize($operand,1)); }
        |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
-                       { $$ = $1; }
-       |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
-                       { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
+                       { $$ = $myattrterm; }
+       |       LOCAL term[operand]     %prec UNIOP
+                       { $$ = localize($operand,0); }
        |       '(' expr ')'
-                       { $$ = sawparens($2); }
+                       { $$ = sawparens($expr); }
        |       QWLIST
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $QWLIST; }
        |       '(' ')'
                        { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
        |       scalar  %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $scalar; }
        |       star    %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $star; }
        |       hsh     %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $hsh; }
        |       ary     %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $ary; }
        |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($arylen, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
        |       subscripted
-                       { $$ = $1; }
-       |       sliceme '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
+                       { $$ = $subscripted; }
+       |       sliceme PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'                     /* array slice */
                        { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
                                newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
                                    newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
-                                       list($3),
-                                       ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
-                         if ($$ && $1)
+                                       list($expr),
+                                       ref($sliceme, OP_ASLICE)));
+                         if ($$ && $sliceme)
                              $$->op_private |=
-                                 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
+                                 $sliceme->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
                        }
-       |       kvslice '[' expr ']'                 /* array key/value slice */
+       |       kvslice PERLY_BRACKET_OPEN expr ']'                 /* array key/value slice */
                        { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
                                newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
                                    newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
-                                       list($3),
-                                       ref(oopsAV($1), OP_KVASLICE)));
-                         if ($$ && $1)
+                                       list($expr),
+                                       ref(oopsAV($kvslice), OP_KVASLICE)));
+                         if ($$ && $kvslice)
                              $$->op_private |=
-                                 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
+                                 $kvslice->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
                        }
-       |       sliceme '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
+       |       sliceme PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE                 /* @hash{@keys} */
                        { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
                                newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
                                    newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
-                                       list($3),
-                                       ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
-                         if ($$ && $1)
+                                       list($expr),
+                                       ref(oopsHV($sliceme), OP_HSLICE)));
+                         if ($$ && $sliceme)
                              $$->op_private |=
-                                 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
+                                 $sliceme->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
                        }
-       |       kvslice '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* %hash{@keys} */
+       |       kvslice PERLY_BRACE_OPEN expr ';' PERLY_BRACE_CLOSE                 /* %hash{@keys} */
                        { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
                                newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
                                    newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
-                                       list($3),
-                                       ref($1, OP_KVHSLICE)));
-                         if ($$ && $1)
+                                       list($expr),
+                                       ref($kvslice, OP_KVHSLICE)));
+                         if ($$ && $kvslice)
                              $$->op_private |=
-                                 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
+                                 $kvslice->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
                        }
        |       THING   %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $THING; }
        |       amper                                /* &foo; */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($amper)); }
        |       amper '(' ')'                 /* &foo() or foo() */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($amper));
                        }
        |       amper '(' expr ')'          /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
                        {
                          $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                               op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
+                               op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $expr, scalar($amper)));
                        }
        |       NOAMP subname optlistexpr       /* foo @args (no parens) */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                           op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
-                       }
-       |       term ARROW '$' '*'
-                       { $$ = newSVREF($1); }
-       |       term ARROW '@' '*'
-                       { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
-       |       term ARROW '%' '*'
-                       { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
-       |       term ARROW '&' '*'
+                           op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $optlistexpr, scalar($subname)));
+                       }
+       |       term[operand] ARROW '$' '*'
+                       { $$ = newSVREF($operand); }
+       |       term[operand] ARROW '@' '*'
+                       { $$ = newAVREF($operand); }
+       |       term[operand] ARROW '%' '*'
+                       { $$ = newHVREF($operand); }
+       |       term[operand] ARROW '&' '*'
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
-                                      scalar(newCVREF($3,$1))); }
-       |       term ARROW '*' '*'      %prec '('
-                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
+                                      scalar(newCVREF($3,$operand))); }
+       |       term[operand] ARROW '*' '*'     %prec '('
+                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$operand); }
        |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
-                       { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
+                       { $$ = newOP($LOOPEX, OPf_SPECIAL);
                            PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
-       |       LOOPEX term
-                       { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
+       |       LOOPEX term[operand]
+                       { $$ = newLOOPEX($LOOPEX,$operand); }
        |       NOTOP listexpr                       /* not $foo */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($listexpr)); }
        |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
-                       { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
+                       { $$ = newOP($UNIOP, 0); }
        |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
-       |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP($UNIOP, 0, $block); }
+       |       UNIOP term[operand]                           /* Unary op */
+                       { $$ = newUNOP($UNIOP, 0, $operand); }
        |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
-                       { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
-       |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
+                       { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $REQUIRE ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
+       |       REQUIRE term[operand]                         /* require Foo */
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $REQUIRE ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $operand); }
        |       UNIOPSUB
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
-       |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($UNIOPSUB)); }
+       |       UNIOPSUB term[operand]                        /* Sub treated as unop */
                        { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
-                           op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
+                           op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $operand, scalar($UNIOPSUB))); }
        |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
-                       { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
+                       { $$ = newOP($FUNC0, 0); }
        |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
-                       { $$ = newOP($1, 0);}
+                       { $$ = newOP($FUNC0, 0);}
        |       FUNC0OP       /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $FUNC0OP; }
        |       FUNC0OP '(' ')'
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $FUNC0OP; }
        |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($FUNC0SUB)); }
        |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
-                       { $$ = ($1 == OP_NOT)
-                          ? newUNOP($1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
-                          : newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
+                       { $$ = ($FUNC1 == OP_NOT)
+                          ? newUNOP($FUNC1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
+                          : newOP($FUNC1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
        |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
-                       { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
+                       { $$ = newUNOP($FUNC1, 0, $expr); }
        |       PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
                        {
-                           if (   $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
-                               && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
-                               && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
+                           if (   $PMFUNC->op_type != OP_TRANS
+                               && $PMFUNC->op_type != OP_TRANSR
+                               && (((PMOP*)$PMFUNC)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
                            {
                                $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
                                SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
                            } else
                                $<ival>$ = 0;
                        }
-                   '(' listexpr optrepl ')'
-                       { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, $5, 1, $<ival>2); }
-       |       WORD
+                   SUBLEXSTART listexpr optrepl SUBLEXEND
+                       { $$ = pmruntime($PMFUNC, $listexpr, $optrepl, 1, $<ival>2); }
+       |       BAREWORD
        |       listop
-       |       YADAYADA
-                       {
-                         $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
-                               newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
-                       }
        |       PLUGEXPR
        ;
 
 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
 myattrterm:    MY myterm myattrlist
-                       { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3); }
+                       { $$ = my_attrs($myterm,$myattrlist); }
        |       MY myterm
-                       { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
+                       { $$ = localize($myterm,1); }
+       |       MY REFGEN myterm myattrlist
+                       { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, my_attrs($myterm,$myattrlist)); }
        ;
 
 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
 myterm :       '(' expr ')'
-                       { $$ = sawparens($2); }
+                       { $$ = sawparens($expr); }
        |       '(' ')'
                        { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
 
        |       scalar  %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $scalar; }
        |       hsh     %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $hsh; }
        |       ary     %prec '('
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $ary; }
        ;
 
 /* Basic list expressions */
 optlistexpr:   /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       listexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $listexpr; }
        ;
 
 optexpr:       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       expr
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $expr; }
        ;
 
 optrepl:       /* NULL */
-                       { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
+                       { $$ = NULL; }
        |       '/' expr
-                       { $$ = $2; }
+                       { $$ = $expr; }
        ;
 
 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
    lexical */
 my_scalar:     scalar
-                       { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
+                       { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($scalar); }
        ;
 
 my_var :       scalar
@@ -1091,59 +1360,63 @@ refgen_topic:   my_var
        |       amper
        ;
 
+my_refgen:     MY REFGEN
+       |       REFGEN MY
+       ;
+
 amper  :       '&' indirob
-                       { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
+                       { $$ = newCVREF($1,$indirob); }
        ;
 
 scalar :       '$' indirob
-                       { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
+                       { $$ = newSVREF($indirob); }
        ;
 
 ary    :       '@' indirob
-                       { $$ = newAVREF($2);
+                       { $$ = newAVREF($indirob);
                          if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
                        }
        ;
 
 hsh    :       '%' indirob
-                       { $$ = newHVREF($2);
+                       { $$ = newHVREF($indirob);
                          if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
                        }
        ;
 
 arylen :       DOLSHARP indirob
-                       { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
+                       { $$ = newAVREF($indirob); }
        |       term ARROW DOLSHARP '*'
-                       { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
+                       { $$ = newAVREF($term); }
        ;
 
 star   :       '*' indirob
-                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
+                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$indirob); }
        ;
 
 sliceme        :       ary
        |       term ARROW '@'
-                       { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
+                       { $$ = newAVREF($term); }
        ;
 
 kvslice        :       hsh
        |       term ARROW '%'
-                       { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
+                       { $$ = newHVREF($term); }
        ;
 
 gelem  :       star
        |       term ARROW '*'
-                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
+                       { $$ = newGVREF(0,$term); }
        ;
 
 /* Indirect objects */
-indirob        :       WORD
-                       { $$ = scalar($1); }
+indirob        :       BAREWORD
+                       { $$ = scalar($BAREWORD); }
        |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
-                       { $$ = scalar($1); }
+                       { $$ = scalar($scalar); }
        |       block
-                       { $$ = op_scope($1); }
+                       { $$ = op_scope($block); }
 
        |       PRIVATEREF
-                       { $$ = $1; }
+                       { $$ = $PRIVATEREF; }
        ;