-# GetOpt::Long.pm -- Universal options parsing
+# Getopt::Long.pm -- Universal options parsing
package Getopt::Long;
-# RCS Status : $Id: GetoptLong.pl,v 2.24 2000-03-14 21:28:52+01 jv Exp $
+# RCS Status : $Id: Long.pm,v 2.73 2007/01/27 20:00:34 jv Exp $
# Author : Johan Vromans
# Created On : Tue Sep 11 15:00:12 1990
# Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
-# Last Modified On: Tue Mar 14 21:28:40 2000
-# Update Count : 721
+# Last Modified On: Sat Jan 27 20:59:00 2007
+# Update Count : 1552
# Status : Released
################ Copyright ################
-# This program is Copyright 1990,2000 by Johan Vromans.
+# This program is Copyright 1990,2007 by Johan Vromans.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the Perl Artistic License or the
# GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
################ Module Preamble ################
+use 5.004;
+
use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+$VERSION = 2.36;
+# For testing versions only.
+use vars qw($VERSION_STRING);
+$VERSION_STRING = "2.36";
+
+use Exporter;
+use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+# Exported subroutines.
+sub GetOptions(@); # always
+sub GetOptionsFromArray($@); # on demand
+sub GetOptionsFromString($@); # on demand
+sub Configure(@); # on demand
+sub HelpMessage(@); # on demand
+sub VersionMessage(@); # in demand
+
BEGIN {
- require 5.004;
- use Exporter ();
- use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
- $VERSION = "2.23";
-
- @ISA = qw(Exporter);
- @EXPORT = qw(&GetOptions $REQUIRE_ORDER $PERMUTE $RETURN_IN_ORDER);
- %EXPORT_TAGS = qw();
- @EXPORT_OK = qw();
- use AutoLoader qw(AUTOLOAD);
+ # Init immediately so their contents can be used in the 'use vars' below.
+ @EXPORT = qw(&GetOptions $REQUIRE_ORDER $PERMUTE $RETURN_IN_ORDER);
+ @EXPORT_OK = qw(&HelpMessage &VersionMessage &Configure
+ &GetOptionsFromArray &GetOptionsFromString);
}
# User visible variables.
use vars qw($autoabbrev $getopt_compat $ignorecase $bundling $order
$passthrough);
# Official invisible variables.
-use vars qw($genprefix $caller);
+use vars qw($genprefix $caller $gnu_compat $auto_help $auto_version $longprefix);
# Public subroutines.
-sub Configure (@);
-sub config (@); # deprecated name
-sub GetOptions;
+sub config(@); # deprecated name
# Private subroutines.
-sub ConfigDefaults ();
-sub FindOption ($$$$$$$);
-sub Croak (@); # demand loading the real Croak
+sub ConfigDefaults();
+sub ParseOptionSpec($$);
+sub OptCtl($);
+sub FindOption($$$$$);
+sub ValidValue ($$$$$);
################ Local Variables ################
+# $requested_version holds the version that was mentioned in the 'use'
+# or 'require', if any. It can be used to enable or disable specific
+# features.
+my $requested_version = 0;
+
################ Resident subroutines ################
-sub ConfigDefaults () {
+sub ConfigDefaults() {
# Handle POSIX compliancy.
if ( defined $ENV{"POSIXLY_CORRECT"} ) {
$genprefix = "(--|-)";
$error = 0; # error tally
$ignorecase = 1; # ignore case when matching options
$passthrough = 0; # leave unrecognized options alone
+ $gnu_compat = 0; # require --opt=val if value is optional
+ $longprefix = "(--)"; # what does a long prefix look like
+}
+
+# Override import.
+sub import {
+ my $pkg = shift; # package
+ my @syms = (); # symbols to import
+ my @config = (); # configuration
+ my $dest = \@syms; # symbols first
+ for ( @_ ) {
+ if ( $_ eq ':config' ) {
+ $dest = \@config; # config next
+ next;
+ }
+ push(@$dest, $_); # push
+ }
+ # Hide one level and call super.
+ local $Exporter::ExportLevel = 1;
+ push(@syms, qw(&GetOptions)) if @syms; # always export GetOptions
+ $pkg->SUPER::import(@syms);
+ # And configure.
+ Configure(@config) if @config;
}
################ Initialization ################
ConfigDefaults();
-################ Package return ################
+################ OO Interface ################
-1;
+package Getopt::Long::Parser;
-__END__
+# Store a copy of the default configuration. Since ConfigDefaults has
+# just been called, what we get from Configure is the default.
+my $default_config = do {
+ Getopt::Long::Configure ()
+};
-################ AutoLoading subroutines ################
+sub new {
+ my $that = shift;
+ my $class = ref($that) || $that;
+ my %atts = @_;
-# RCS Status : $Id: GetoptLongAl.pl,v 2.27 2000-03-17 09:07:26+01 jv Exp $
-# Author : Johan Vromans
-# Created On : Fri Mar 27 11:50:30 1998
-# Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
-# Last Modified On: Fri Mar 17 09:00:09 2000
-# Update Count : 55
-# Status : Released
+ # Register the callers package.
+ my $self = { caller_pkg => (caller)[0] };
+
+ bless ($self, $class);
+
+ # Process config attributes.
+ if ( defined $atts{config} ) {
+ my $save = Getopt::Long::Configure ($default_config, @{$atts{config}});
+ $self->{settings} = Getopt::Long::Configure ($save);
+ delete ($atts{config});
+ }
+ # Else use default config.
+ else {
+ $self->{settings} = $default_config;
+ }
+
+ if ( %atts ) { # Oops
+ die(__PACKAGE__.": unhandled attributes: ".
+ join(" ", sort(keys(%atts)))."\n");
+ }
-sub GetOptions {
+ $self;
+}
+
+sub configure {
+ my ($self) = shift;
+
+ # Restore settings, merge new settings in.
+ my $save = Getopt::Long::Configure ($self->{settings}, @_);
+
+ # Restore orig config and save the new config.
+ $self->{settings} = Getopt::Long::Configure ($save);
+}
+
+sub getoptions {
+ my ($self) = shift;
+
+ # Restore config settings.
+ my $save = Getopt::Long::Configure ($self->{settings});
+
+ # Call main routine.
+ my $ret = 0;
+ $Getopt::Long::caller = $self->{caller_pkg};
+
+ eval {
+ # Locally set exception handler to default, otherwise it will
+ # be called implicitly here, and again explicitly when we try
+ # to deliver the messages.
+ local ($SIG{__DIE__}) = '__DEFAULT__';
+ $ret = Getopt::Long::GetOptions (@_);
+ };
+
+ # Restore saved settings.
+ Getopt::Long::Configure ($save);
+
+ # Handle errors and return value.
+ die ($@) if $@;
+ return $ret;
+}
+
+package Getopt::Long;
- my @optionlist = @_; # local copy of the option descriptions
+################ Back to Normal ################
+
+# Indices in option control info.
+# Note that ParseOptions uses the fields directly. Search for 'hard-wired'.
+use constant CTL_TYPE => 0;
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_FLAG => '';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_NEG => '!';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_INCR => '+';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_INT => 'i';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_INTINC => 'I';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_XINT => 'o';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_FLOAT => 'f';
+#use constant CTL_TYPE_STRING => 's';
+
+use constant CTL_CNAME => 1;
+
+use constant CTL_DEFAULT => 2;
+
+use constant CTL_DEST => 3;
+ use constant CTL_DEST_SCALAR => 0;
+ use constant CTL_DEST_ARRAY => 1;
+ use constant CTL_DEST_HASH => 2;
+ use constant CTL_DEST_CODE => 3;
+
+use constant CTL_AMIN => 4;
+use constant CTL_AMAX => 5;
+
+# FFU.
+#use constant CTL_RANGE => ;
+#use constant CTL_REPEAT => ;
+
+# Rather liberal patterns to match numbers.
+use constant PAT_INT => "[-+]?_*[0-9][0-9_]*";
+use constant PAT_XINT =>
+ "(?:".
+ "[-+]?_*[1-9][0-9_]*".
+ "|".
+ "0x_*[0-9a-f][0-9a-f_]*".
+ "|".
+ "0b_*[01][01_]*".
+ "|".
+ "0[0-7_]*".
+ ")";
+use constant PAT_FLOAT => "[-+]?[0-9._]+(\.[0-9_]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9_]+)?";
+
+sub GetOptions(@) {
+ # Shift in default array.
+ unshift(@_, \@ARGV);
+ # Try to keep caller() and Carp consitent.
+ goto &GetOptionsFromArray;
+}
+
+sub GetOptionsFromString($@) {
+ my ($string) = shift;
+ require Text::ParseWords;
+ my $args = [ Text::ParseWords::shellwords($string) ];
+ $caller ||= (caller)[0]; # current context
+ my $ret = GetOptionsFromArray($args, @_);
+ return ( $ret, $args ) if wantarray;
+ if ( @$args ) {
+ $ret = 0;
+ warn("GetOptionsFromString: Excess data \"@$args\" in string \"$string\"\n");
+ }
+ $ret;
+}
+
+sub GetOptionsFromArray($@) {
+
+ my ($argv, @optionlist) = @_; # local copy of the option descriptions
my $argend = '--'; # option list terminator
- my %opctl = (); # table of arg.specs (long and abbrevs)
- my %bopctl = (); # table of arg.specs (bundles)
+ my %opctl = (); # table of option specs
my $pkg = $caller || (caller)[0]; # current context
# Needed if linkage is omitted.
- my %aliases= (); # alias table
my @ret = (); # accum for non-options
my %linkage; # linkage
my $userlinkage; # user supplied HASH
my $opt; # current option
- my $genprefix = $genprefix; # so we can call the same module many times
- my @opctl; # the possible long option names
+ my $prefix = $genprefix; # current prefix
$error = '';
- print STDERR ("GetOpt::Long $Getopt::Long::VERSION ",
- "called from package \"$pkg\".",
- "\n ",
- 'GetOptionsAl $Revision: 2.27 $ ',
- "\n ",
- "ARGV: (@ARGV)",
- "\n ",
- "autoabbrev=$autoabbrev,".
- "bundling=$bundling,",
- "getopt_compat=$getopt_compat,",
- "order=$order,",
- "\n ",
- "ignorecase=$ignorecase,",
- "passthrough=$passthrough,",
- "genprefix=\"$genprefix\".",
- "\n")
- if $debug;
+ if ( $debug ) {
+ # Avoid some warnings if debugging.
+ local ($^W) = 0;
+ print STDERR
+ ("Getopt::Long $Getopt::Long::VERSION (",
+ '$Revision: 2.73 $', ") ",
+ "called from package \"$pkg\".",
+ "\n ",
+ "argv: (@$argv)",
+ "\n ",
+ "autoabbrev=$autoabbrev,".
+ "bundling=$bundling,",
+ "getopt_compat=$getopt_compat,",
+ "gnu_compat=$gnu_compat,",
+ "order=$order,",
+ "\n ",
+ "ignorecase=$ignorecase,",
+ "requested_version=$requested_version,",
+ "passthrough=$passthrough,",
+ "genprefix=\"$genprefix\",",
+ "longprefix=\"$longprefix\".",
+ "\n");
+ }
# Check for ref HASH as first argument.
# First argument may be an object. It's OK to use this as long
# as it is really a hash underneath.
$userlinkage = undef;
- if ( ref($optionlist[0]) and
- "$optionlist[0]" =~ /^(?:.*\=)?HASH\([^\(]*\)$/ ) {
+ if ( @optionlist && ref($optionlist[0]) and
+ UNIVERSAL::isa($optionlist[0],'HASH') ) {
$userlinkage = shift (@optionlist);
print STDERR ("=> user linkage: $userlinkage\n") if $debug;
}
# See if the first element of the optionlist contains option
# starter characters.
# Be careful not to interpret '<>' as option starters.
- if ( $optionlist[0] =~ /^\W+$/
+ if ( @optionlist && $optionlist[0] =~ /^\W+$/
&& !($optionlist[0] eq '<>'
&& @optionlist > 0
&& ref($optionlist[1])) ) {
- $genprefix = shift (@optionlist);
+ $prefix = shift (@optionlist);
# Turn into regexp. Needs to be parenthesized!
- $genprefix =~ s/(\W)/\\$1/g;
- $genprefix = "([" . $genprefix . "])";
+ $prefix =~ s/(\W)/\\$1/g;
+ $prefix = "([" . $prefix . "])";
+ print STDERR ("=> prefix=\"$prefix\"\n") if $debug;
}
# Verify correctness of optionlist.
%opctl = ();
- %bopctl = ();
- while ( @optionlist > 0 ) {
+ while ( @optionlist ) {
my $opt = shift (@optionlist);
+ unless ( defined($opt) ) {
+ $error .= "Undefined argument in option spec\n";
+ next;
+ }
+
# Strip leading prefix so people can specify "--foo=i" if they like.
- $opt = $+ if $opt =~ /^$genprefix+(.*)$/s;
+ $opt = $+ if $opt =~ /^$prefix+(.*)$/s;
if ( $opt eq '<>' ) {
if ( (defined $userlinkage)
unless ( @optionlist > 0
&& ref($optionlist[0]) && ref($optionlist[0]) eq 'CODE' ) {
$error .= "Option spec <> requires a reference to a subroutine\n";
+ # Kill the linkage (to avoid another error).
+ shift (@optionlist)
+ if @optionlist && ref($optionlist[0]);
next;
}
$linkage{'<>'} = shift (@optionlist);
next;
}
- # Match option spec. Allow '?' as an alias.
- if ( $opt !~ /^((\w+[-\w]*)(\|(\?|\w[-\w]*)?)*)?([!~+]|[=:][infse][@%]?)?$/ ) {
- $error .= "Error in option spec: \"$opt\"\n";
+ # Parse option spec.
+ my ($name, $orig) = ParseOptionSpec ($opt, \%opctl);
+ unless ( defined $name ) {
+ # Failed. $orig contains the error message. Sorry for the abuse.
+ $error .= $orig;
+ # Kill the linkage (to avoid another error).
+ shift (@optionlist)
+ if @optionlist && ref($optionlist[0]);
next;
}
- my ($o, $c, $a) = ($1, $5);
- $c = '' unless defined $c;
-
- if ( ! defined $o ) {
- # empty -> '-' option
- $opctl{$o = ''} = $c;
- }
- else {
- # Handle alias names
- my @o = split (/\|/, $o);
- my $linko = $o = $o[0];
- # Force an alias if the option name is not locase.
- $a = $o unless $o eq lc($o);
- $o = lc ($o)
- if $ignorecase > 1
- || ($ignorecase
- && ($bundling ? length($o) > 1 : 1));
-
- foreach ( @o ) {
- if ( $bundling && length($_) == 1 ) {
- $_ = lc ($_) if $ignorecase > 1;
- if ( $c eq '!' ) {
- $opctl{"no$_"} = $c;
- warn ("Ignoring '!' modifier for short option $_\n");
- $opctl{$_} = $bopctl{$_} = '';
- }
- else {
- $opctl{$_} = $bopctl{$_} = $c;
- }
- }
- else {
- $_ = lc ($_) if $ignorecase;
- if ( $c eq '!' ) {
- $opctl{"no$_"} = $c;
- $opctl{$_} = ''
- }
- else {
- $opctl{$_} = $c;
- }
- }
- if ( defined $a ) {
- # Note alias.
- $aliases{$_} = $a;
- }
- else {
- # Set primary name.
- $a = $_;
- }
- }
- $o = $linko;
- }
# If no linkage is supplied in the @optionlist, copy it from
# the userlinkage if available.
if ( defined $userlinkage ) {
unless ( @optionlist > 0 && ref($optionlist[0]) ) {
- if ( exists $userlinkage->{$o} && ref($userlinkage->{$o}) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> found userlinkage for \"$o\": ",
- "$userlinkage->{$o}\n")
+ if ( exists $userlinkage->{$orig} &&
+ ref($userlinkage->{$orig}) ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> found userlinkage for \"$orig\": ",
+ "$userlinkage->{$orig}\n")
if $debug;
- unshift (@optionlist, $userlinkage->{$o});
+ unshift (@optionlist, $userlinkage->{$orig});
}
else {
# Do nothing. Being undefined will be handled later.
# Copy the linkage. If omitted, link to global variable.
if ( @optionlist > 0 && ref($optionlist[0]) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to $optionlist[0]\n")
+ print STDERR ("=> link \"$orig\" to $optionlist[0]\n")
if $debug;
- if ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(SCALAR|CODE)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
+ my $rl = ref($linkage{$orig} = shift (@optionlist));
+
+ if ( $rl eq "ARRAY" ) {
+ $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] = CTL_DEST_ARRAY;
+ }
+ elsif ( $rl eq "HASH" ) {
+ $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] = CTL_DEST_HASH;
}
- elsif ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(ARRAY)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
- $opctl{$o} .= '@'
- if $opctl{$o} ne '' and $opctl{$o} !~ /\@$/;
- $bopctl{$o} .= '@'
- if $bundling and defined $bopctl{$o} and
- $bopctl{$o} ne '' and $bopctl{$o} !~ /\@$/;
+ elsif ( $rl eq "SCALAR" || $rl eq "REF" ) {
+# if ( $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_ARRAY ) {
+# my $t = $linkage{$orig};
+# $$t = $linkage{$orig} = [];
+# }
+# elsif ( $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ) {
+# }
+# else {
+ # Ok.
+# }
}
- elsif ( ref($optionlist[0]) =~ /^(HASH)$/ ) {
- $linkage{$o} = shift (@optionlist);
- $opctl{$o} .= '%'
- if $opctl{$o} ne '' and $opctl{$o} !~ /\%$/;
- $bopctl{$o} .= '%'
- if $bundling and defined $bopctl{$o} and
- $bopctl{$o} ne '' and $bopctl{$o} !~ /\%$/;
+ elsif ( $rl eq "CODE" ) {
+ # Ok.
}
else {
$error .= "Invalid option linkage for \"$opt\"\n";
else {
# Link to global $opt_XXX variable.
# Make sure a valid perl identifier results.
- my $ov = $o;
+ my $ov = $orig;
$ov =~ s/\W/_/g;
- if ( $c =~ /@/ ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \@$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
+ if ( $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_ARRAY ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> link \"$orig\" to \@$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\@".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
+ eval ("\$linkage{\$orig} = \\\@".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
}
- elsif ( $c =~ /%/ ) {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \%$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
+ elsif ( $opctl{$name}[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> link \"$orig\" to \%$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\%".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
+ eval ("\$linkage{\$orig} = \\\%".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
}
else {
- print STDERR ("=> link \"$o\" to \$$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
+ print STDERR ("=> link \"$orig\" to \$$pkg","::opt_$ov\n")
if $debug;
- eval ("\$linkage{\$o} = \\\$".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
+ eval ("\$linkage{\$orig} = \\\$".$pkg."::opt_$ov;");
}
}
}
die ($error) if $error;
$error = 0;
- # Sort the possible long option names.
- @opctl = sort(keys (%opctl)) if $autoabbrev;
+ # Supply --version and --help support, if needed and allowed.
+ if ( defined($auto_version) ? $auto_version : ($requested_version >= 2.3203) ) {
+ if ( !defined($opctl{version}) ) {
+ $opctl{version} = ['','version',0,CTL_DEST_CODE,undef];
+ $linkage{version} = \&VersionMessage;
+ }
+ $auto_version = 1;
+ }
+ if ( defined($auto_help) ? $auto_help : ($requested_version >= 2.3203) ) {
+ if ( !defined($opctl{help}) && !defined($opctl{'?'}) ) {
+ $opctl{help} = $opctl{'?'} = ['','help',0,CTL_DEST_CODE,undef];
+ $linkage{help} = \&HelpMessage;
+ }
+ $auto_help = 1;
+ }
# Show the options tables if debugging.
if ( $debug ) {
my ($arrow, $k, $v);
$arrow = "=> ";
while ( ($k,$v) = each(%opctl) ) {
- print STDERR ($arrow, "\$opctl{\"$k\"} = \"$v\"\n");
- $arrow = " ";
- }
- $arrow = "=> ";
- while ( ($k,$v) = each(%bopctl) ) {
- print STDERR ($arrow, "\$bopctl{\"$k\"} = \"$v\"\n");
+ print STDERR ($arrow, "\$opctl{$k} = $v ", OptCtl($v), "\n");
$arrow = " ";
}
}
# Process argument list
my $goon = 1;
- while ( $goon && @ARGV > 0 ) {
-
- #### Get next argument ####
-
- $opt = shift (@ARGV);
- print STDERR ("=> option \"", $opt, "\"\n") if $debug;
+ while ( $goon && @$argv > 0 ) {
- #### Determine what we have ####
+ # Get next argument.
+ $opt = shift (@$argv);
+ print STDERR ("=> arg \"", $opt, "\"\n") if $debug;
# Double dash is option list terminator.
if ( $opt eq $argend ) {
- # Finish. Push back accumulated arguments and return.
- unshift (@ARGV, @ret)
- if $order == $PERMUTE;
- return ($error == 0);
+ push (@ret, $argend) if $passthrough;
+ last;
}
+ # Look it up.
my $tryopt = $opt;
my $found; # success status
- my $dsttype; # destination type ('@' or '%')
- my $incr; # destination increment
my $key; # key (if hash type)
my $arg; # option argument
+ my $ctl; # the opctl entry
- ($found, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key) =
- FindOption ($genprefix, $argend, $opt,
- \%opctl, \%bopctl, \@opctl, \%aliases);
+ ($found, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key) =
+ FindOption ($argv, $prefix, $argend, $opt, \%opctl);
if ( $found ) {
# FindOption undefines $opt in case of errors.
next unless defined $opt;
- if ( defined $arg ) {
- $opt = $aliases{$opt} if defined $aliases{$opt};
+ my $argcnt = 0;
+ while ( defined $arg ) {
+
+ # Get the canonical name.
+ print STDERR ("=> cname for \"$opt\" is ") if $debug;
+ $opt = $ctl->[CTL_CNAME];
+ print STDERR ("\"$ctl->[CTL_CNAME]\"\n") if $debug;
if ( defined $linkage{$opt} ) {
print STDERR ("=> ref(\$L{$opt}) -> ",
ref($linkage{$opt}), "\n") if $debug;
- if ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'SCALAR' ) {
- if ( $incr ) {
+ if ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'SCALAR'
+ || ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'REF' ) {
+ if ( $ctl->[CTL_TYPE] eq '+' ) {
print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt} += \"$arg\"\n")
if $debug;
if ( defined ${$linkage{$opt}} ) {
${$linkage{$opt}} = $arg;
}
}
+ elsif ( $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_ARRAY ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> ref(\$L{$opt}) auto-vivified",
+ " to ARRAY\n")
+ if $debug;
+ my $t = $linkage{$opt};
+ $$t = $linkage{$opt} = [];
+ print STDERR ("=> push(\@{\$L{$opt}, \"$arg\")\n")
+ if $debug;
+ push (@{$linkage{$opt}}, $arg);
+ }
+ elsif ( $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> ref(\$L{$opt}) auto-vivified",
+ " to HASH\n")
+ if $debug;
+ my $t = $linkage{$opt};
+ $$t = $linkage{$opt} = {};
+ print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt}->{$key} = \"$arg\"\n")
+ if $debug;
+ $linkage{$opt}->{$key} = $arg;
+ }
else {
print STDERR ("=> \$\$L{$opt} = \"$arg\"\n")
if $debug;
$linkage{$opt}->{$key} = $arg;
}
elsif ( ref($linkage{$opt}) eq 'CODE' ) {
- print STDERR ("=> &L{$opt}(\"$opt\", \"$arg\")\n")
+ print STDERR ("=> &L{$opt}(\"$opt\"",
+ $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ? ", \"$key\"" : "",
+ ", \"$arg\")\n")
if $debug;
- local ($@);
- eval {
- &{$linkage{$opt}}($opt, $arg);
+ my $eval_error = do {
+ local $@;
+ local $SIG{__DIE__} = '__DEFAULT__';
+ eval {
+ &{$linkage{$opt}}
+ (Getopt::Long::CallBack->new
+ (name => $opt,
+ ctl => $ctl,
+ opctl => \%opctl,
+ linkage => \%linkage,
+ prefix => $prefix,
+ ),
+ $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ? ($key) : (),
+ $arg);
+ };
+ $@;
};
- print STDERR ("=> die($@)\n") if $debug && $@ ne '';
- if ( $@ =~ /^!/ ) {
- if ( $@ =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> die($eval_error)\n")
+ if $debug && $eval_error ne '';
+ if ( $eval_error =~ /^!/ ) {
+ if ( $eval_error =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
$goon = 0;
}
}
- elsif ( $@ ne '' ) {
- warn ($@);
+ elsif ( $eval_error ne '' ) {
+ warn ($eval_error);
$error++;
}
}
else {
print STDERR ("Invalid REF type \"", ref($linkage{$opt}),
"\" in linkage\n");
- Croak ("Getopt::Long -- internal error!\n");
+ die("Getopt::Long -- internal error!\n");
}
}
# No entry in linkage means entry in userlinkage.
- elsif ( $dsttype eq '@' ) {
+ elsif ( $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_ARRAY ) {
if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
print STDERR ("=> push(\@{\$L{$opt}}, \"$arg\")\n")
if $debug;
$userlinkage->{$opt} = [$arg];
}
}
- elsif ( $dsttype eq '%' ) {
+ elsif ( $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ) {
if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
print STDERR ("=> \$L{$opt}->{$key} = \"$arg\"\n")
if $debug;
}
}
else {
- if ( $incr ) {
+ if ( $ctl->[CTL_TYPE] eq '+' ) {
print STDERR ("=> \$L{$opt} += \"$arg\"\n")
if $debug;
if ( defined $userlinkage->{$opt} ) {
$userlinkage->{$opt} = $arg;
}
}
+
+ $argcnt++;
+ last if $argcnt >= $ctl->[CTL_AMAX] && $ctl->[CTL_AMAX] != -1;
+ undef($arg);
+
+ # Need more args?
+ if ( $argcnt < $ctl->[CTL_AMIN] ) {
+ if ( @$argv ) {
+ if ( ValidValue($ctl, $argv->[0], 1, $argend, $prefix) ) {
+ $arg = shift(@$argv);
+ $arg =~ tr/_//d if $ctl->[CTL_TYPE] =~ /^[iIo]$/;
+ ($key,$arg) = $arg =~ /^([^=]+)=(.*)/
+ if $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH;
+ next;
+ }
+ warn("Value \"$$argv[0]\" invalid for option $opt\n");
+ $error++;
+ }
+ else {
+ warn("Insufficient arguments for option $opt\n");
+ $error++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ # Any more args?
+ if ( @$argv && ValidValue($ctl, $argv->[0], 0, $argend, $prefix) ) {
+ $arg = shift(@$argv);
+ $arg =~ tr/_//d if $ctl->[CTL_TYPE] =~ /^[iIo]$/;
+ ($key,$arg) = $arg =~ /^([^=]+)=(.*)/
+ if $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH;
+ next;
+ }
}
}
# Try non-options call-back.
my $cb;
if ( (defined ($cb = $linkage{'<>'})) ) {
- local ($@);
- eval {
- &$cb ($tryopt);
+ print STDERR ("=> &L{$tryopt}(\"$tryopt\")\n")
+ if $debug;
+ my $eval_error = do {
+ local $@;
+ local $SIG{__DIE__} = '__DEFAULT__';
+ eval { &$cb ($tryopt) };
+ $@;
};
- print STDERR ("=> die($@)\n") if $debug && $@ ne '';
- if ( $@ =~ /^!/ ) {
- if ( $@ =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> die($eval_error)\n")
+ if $debug && $eval_error ne '';
+ if ( $eval_error =~ /^!/ ) {
+ if ( $eval_error =~ /^!FINISH\b/ ) {
$goon = 0;
}
}
- elsif ( $@ ne '' ) {
- warn ($@);
+ elsif ( $eval_error ne '' ) {
+ warn ($eval_error);
$error++;
}
}
# ...otherwise, terminate.
else {
# Push this one back and exit.
- unshift (@ARGV, $tryopt);
+ unshift (@$argv, $tryopt);
return ($error == 0);
}
}
# Finish.
- if ( $order == $PERMUTE ) {
+ if ( @ret && $order == $PERMUTE ) {
# Push back accumulated arguments
print STDERR ("=> restoring \"", join('" "', @ret), "\"\n")
- if $debug && @ret > 0;
- unshift (@ARGV, @ret) if @ret > 0;
+ if $debug;
+ unshift (@$argv, @ret);
}
return ($error == 0);
}
+# A readable representation of what's in an optbl.
+sub OptCtl ($) {
+ my ($v) = @_;
+ my @v = map { defined($_) ? ($_) : ("<undef>") } @$v;
+ "[".
+ join(",",
+ "\"$v[CTL_TYPE]\"",
+ "\"$v[CTL_CNAME]\"",
+ "\"$v[CTL_DEFAULT]\"",
+ ("\$","\@","\%","\&")[$v[CTL_DEST] || 0],
+ $v[CTL_AMIN] || '',
+ $v[CTL_AMAX] || '',
+# $v[CTL_RANGE] || '',
+# $v[CTL_REPEAT] || '',
+ ). "]";
+}
+
+# Parse an option specification and fill the tables.
+sub ParseOptionSpec ($$) {
+ my ($opt, $opctl) = @_;
+
+ # Match option spec.
+ if ( $opt !~ m;^
+ (
+ # Option name
+ (?: \w+[-\w]* )
+ # Alias names, or "?"
+ (?: \| (?: \? | \w[-\w]* )? )*
+ )?
+ (
+ # Either modifiers ...
+ [!+]
+ |
+ # ... or a value/dest/repeat specification
+ [=:] [ionfs] [@%]? (?: \{\d*,?\d*\} )?
+ |
+ # ... or an optional-with-default spec
+ : (?: -?\d+ | \+ ) [@%]?
+ )?
+ $;x ) {
+ return (undef, "Error in option spec: \"$opt\"\n");
+ }
+
+ my ($names, $spec) = ($1, $2);
+ $spec = '' unless defined $spec;
+
+ # $orig keeps track of the primary name the user specified.
+ # This name will be used for the internal or external linkage.
+ # In other words, if the user specifies "FoO|BaR", it will
+ # match any case combinations of 'foo' and 'bar', but if a global
+ # variable needs to be set, it will be $opt_FoO in the exact case
+ # as specified.
+ my $orig;
+
+ my @names;
+ if ( defined $names ) {
+ @names = split (/\|/, $names);
+ $orig = $names[0];
+ }
+ else {
+ @names = ('');
+ $orig = '';
+ }
+
+ # Construct the opctl entries.
+ my $entry;
+ if ( $spec eq '' || $spec eq '+' || $spec eq '!' ) {
+ # Fields are hard-wired here.
+ $entry = [$spec,$orig,undef,CTL_DEST_SCALAR,0,0];
+ }
+ elsif ( $spec =~ /^:(-?\d+|\+)([@%])?$/ ) {
+ my $def = $1;
+ my $dest = $2;
+ my $type = $def eq '+' ? 'I' : 'i';
+ $dest ||= '$';
+ $dest = $dest eq '@' ? CTL_DEST_ARRAY
+ : $dest eq '%' ? CTL_DEST_HASH : CTL_DEST_SCALAR;
+ # Fields are hard-wired here.
+ $entry = [$type,$orig,$def eq '+' ? undef : $def,
+ $dest,0,1];
+ }
+ else {
+ my ($mand, $type, $dest) =
+ $spec =~ /^([=:])([ionfs])([@%])?(\{(\d+)?(,)?(\d+)?\})?$/;
+ return (undef, "Cannot repeat while bundling: \"$opt\"\n")
+ if $bundling && defined($4);
+ my ($mi, $cm, $ma) = ($5, $6, $7);
+ return (undef, "{0} is useless in option spec: \"$opt\"\n")
+ if defined($mi) && !$mi && !defined($ma) && !defined($cm);
+
+ $type = 'i' if $type eq 'n';
+ $dest ||= '$';
+ $dest = $dest eq '@' ? CTL_DEST_ARRAY
+ : $dest eq '%' ? CTL_DEST_HASH : CTL_DEST_SCALAR;
+ # Default minargs to 1/0 depending on mand status.
+ $mi = $mand eq '=' ? 1 : 0 unless defined $mi;
+ # Adjust mand status according to minargs.
+ $mand = $mi ? '=' : ':';
+ # Adjust maxargs.
+ $ma = $mi ? $mi : 1 unless defined $ma || defined $cm;
+ return (undef, "Max must be greater than zero in option spec: \"$opt\"\n")
+ if defined($ma) && !$ma;
+ return (undef, "Max less than min in option spec: \"$opt\"\n")
+ if defined($ma) && $ma < $mi;
+
+ # Fields are hard-wired here.
+ $entry = [$type,$orig,undef,$dest,$mi,$ma||-1];
+ }
+
+ # Process all names. First is canonical, the rest are aliases.
+ my $dups = '';
+ foreach ( @names ) {
+
+ $_ = lc ($_)
+ if $ignorecase > (($bundling && length($_) == 1) ? 1 : 0);
+
+ if ( exists $opctl->{$_} ) {
+ $dups .= "Duplicate specification \"$opt\" for option \"$_\"\n";
+ }
+
+ if ( $spec eq '!' ) {
+ $opctl->{"no$_"} = $entry;
+ $opctl->{"no-$_"} = $entry;
+ $opctl->{$_} = [@$entry];
+ $opctl->{$_}->[CTL_TYPE] = '';
+ }
+ else {
+ $opctl->{$_} = $entry;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ( $dups && $^W ) {
+ foreach ( split(/\n+/, $dups) ) {
+ warn($_."\n");
+ }
+ }
+ ($names[0], $orig);
+}
+
# Option lookup.
-sub FindOption ($$$$$$$) {
+sub FindOption ($$$$$) {
- # returns (1, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key) if okay,
+ # returns (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key) if okay,
+ # returns (1, undef) if option in error,
# returns (0) otherwise.
- my ($prefix, $argend, $opt, $opctl, $bopctl, $names, $aliases) = @_;
- my $key; # hash key for a hash option
- my $arg;
+ my ($argv, $prefix, $argend, $opt, $opctl) = @_;
- print STDERR ("=> find \"$opt\", prefix=\"$prefix\"\n") if $debug;
+ print STDERR ("=> find \"$opt\"\n") if $debug;
return (0) unless $opt =~ /^$prefix(.*)$/s;
+ return (0) if $opt eq "-" && !defined $opctl->{''};
$opt = $+;
- my ($starter) = $1;
+ my $starter = $1;
print STDERR ("=> split \"$starter\"+\"$opt\"\n") if $debug;
- my $optarg = undef; # value supplied with --opt=value
- my $rest = undef; # remainder from unbundling
+ my $optarg; # value supplied with --opt=value
+ my $rest; # remainder from unbundling
# If it is a long option, it may include the value.
- if (($starter eq "--" || ($getopt_compat && !$bundling))
- && $opt =~ /^([^=]+)=(.*)$/s ) {
+ # With getopt_compat, only if not bundling.
+ if ( ($starter=~/^$longprefix$/
+ || ($getopt_compat && ($bundling == 0 || $bundling == 2)))
+ && $opt =~ /^([^=]+)=(.*)$/s ) {
$opt = $1;
$optarg = $2;
print STDERR ("=> option \"", $opt,
#### Look it up ###
my $tryopt = $opt; # option to try
- my $optbl = $opctl; # table to look it up (long names)
- my $type;
- my $dsttype = '';
- my $incr = 0;
if ( $bundling && $starter eq '-' ) {
- # Unbundle single letter option.
- $rest = substr ($tryopt, 1);
- $tryopt = substr ($tryopt, 0, 1);
- $tryopt = lc ($tryopt) if $ignorecase > 1;
- print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt unbundled from ",
- "$starter$tryopt$rest\n") if $debug;
- $rest = undef unless $rest ne '';
- $optbl = $bopctl; # look it up in the short names table
+
+ # To try overrides, obey case ignore.
+ $tryopt = $ignorecase ? lc($opt) : $opt;
# If bundling == 2, long options can override bundles.
- if ( $bundling == 2 and
- defined ($rest) and
- defined ($type = $opctl->{$tryopt.$rest}) ) {
- print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt rebundled to ",
+ if ( $bundling == 2 && length($tryopt) > 1
+ && defined ($opctl->{$tryopt}) ) {
+ print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt overrides unbundling\n")
+ if $debug;
+ }
+ else {
+ $tryopt = $opt;
+ # Unbundle single letter option.
+ $rest = length ($tryopt) > 0 ? substr ($tryopt, 1) : '';
+ $tryopt = substr ($tryopt, 0, 1);
+ $tryopt = lc ($tryopt) if $ignorecase > 1;
+ print STDERR ("=> $starter$tryopt unbundled from ",
"$starter$tryopt$rest\n") if $debug;
- $tryopt .= $rest;
- undef $rest;
+ $rest = undef unless $rest ne '';
}
}
# Try auto-abbreviation.
elsif ( $autoabbrev ) {
+ # Sort the possible long option names.
+ my @names = sort(keys (%$opctl));
# Downcase if allowed.
- $tryopt = $opt = lc ($opt) if $ignorecase;
+ $opt = lc ($opt) if $ignorecase;
+ $tryopt = $opt;
# Turn option name into pattern.
my $pat = quotemeta ($opt);
# Look up in option names.
- my @hits = grep (/^$pat/, @{$names});
+ my @hits = grep (/^$pat/, @names);
print STDERR ("=> ", scalar(@hits), " hits (@hits) with \"$pat\" ",
- "out of ", scalar(@{$names}), "\n") if $debug;
+ "out of ", scalar(@names), "\n") if $debug;
# Check for ambiguous results.
unless ( (@hits <= 1) || (grep ($_ eq $opt, @hits) == 1) ) {
# See if all matches are for the same option.
my %hit;
foreach ( @hits ) {
- $_ = $aliases->{$_} if defined $aliases->{$_};
- $hit{$_} = 1;
+ my $hit = $_;
+ $hit = $opctl->{$hit}->[CTL_CNAME]
+ if defined $opctl->{$hit}->[CTL_CNAME];
+ $hit{$hit} = 1;
+ }
+ # Remove auto-supplied options (version, help).
+ if ( keys(%hit) == 2 ) {
+ if ( $auto_version && exists($hit{version}) ) {
+ delete $hit{version};
+ }
+ elsif ( $auto_help && exists($hit{help}) ) {
+ delete $hit{help};
+ }
}
# Now see if it really is ambiguous.
unless ( keys(%hit) == 1 ) {
warn ("Option ", $opt, " is ambiguous (",
join(", ", @hits), ")\n");
$error++;
- undef $opt;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
+ return (1, undef);
}
@hits = keys(%hit);
}
}
# Check validity by fetching the info.
- $type = $optbl->{$tryopt} unless defined $type;
- unless ( defined $type ) {
+ my $ctl = $opctl->{$tryopt};
+ unless ( defined $ctl ) {
return (0) if $passthrough;
+ # Pretend one char when bundling.
+ if ( $bundling == 1 && length($starter) == 1 ) {
+ $opt = substr($opt,0,1);
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ }
warn ("Unknown option: ", $opt, "\n");
$error++;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
+ return (1, undef);
}
# Apparently valid.
$opt = $tryopt;
- print STDERR ("=> found \"$type\" for ", $opt, "\n") if $debug;
+ print STDERR ("=> found ", OptCtl($ctl),
+ " for \"", $opt, "\"\n") if $debug;
#### Determine argument status ####
# If it is an option w/o argument, we're almost finished with it.
+ my $type = $ctl->[CTL_TYPE];
+ my $arg;
+
if ( $type eq '' || $type eq '!' || $type eq '+' ) {
if ( defined $optarg ) {
return (0) if $passthrough;
undef $opt;
}
elsif ( $type eq '' || $type eq '+' ) {
- $arg = 1; # supply explicit value
- $incr = $type eq '+';
+ # Supply explicit value.
+ $arg = 1;
}
else {
- substr ($opt, 0, 2) = ''; # strip NO prefix
+ $opt =~ s/^no-?//i; # strip NO prefix
$arg = 0; # supply explicit value
}
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg);
}
# Get mandatory status and type info.
- my $mand;
- ($mand, $type, $dsttype, $key) = $type =~ /^(.)(.)([@%]?)$/;
+ my $mand = $ctl->[CTL_AMIN];
+
+ # Check if there is an option argument available.
+ if ( $gnu_compat && defined $optarg && $optarg eq '' ) {
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $type eq 's' ? '' : 0) unless $mand;
+ $optarg = 0 unless $type eq 's';
+ }
# Check if there is an option argument available.
- if ( defined $optarg ? ($optarg eq '')
- : !(defined $rest || @ARGV > 0) ) {
+ if ( defined $optarg
+ ? ($optarg eq '')
+ : !(defined $rest || @$argv > 0) ) {
# Complain if this option needs an argument.
- if ( $mand eq "=" ) {
+ if ( $mand ) {
return (0) if $passthrough;
warn ("Option ", $opt, " requires an argument\n");
$error++;
- undef $opt;
+ return (1, undef);
}
- if ( $mand eq ":" ) {
- $arg = $type eq "s" ? '' : 0;
+ if ( $type eq 'I' ) {
+ # Fake incremental type.
+ my @c = @$ctl;
+ $c[CTL_TYPE] = '+';
+ return (1, $opt, \@c, 1);
}
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key);
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl,
+ defined($ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT]) ? $ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT] :
+ $type eq 's' ? '' : 0);
}
# Get (possibly optional) argument.
$arg = (defined $rest ? $rest
- : (defined $optarg ? $optarg : shift (@ARGV)));
+ : (defined $optarg ? $optarg : shift (@$argv)));
# Get key if this is a "name=value" pair for a hash option.
- $key = undef;
- if ($dsttype eq '%' && defined $arg) {
- ($key, $arg) = ($arg =~ /^([^=]*)=(.*)$/s) ? ($1, $2) : ($arg, 1);
+ my $key;
+ if ($ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH && defined $arg) {
+ ($key, $arg) = ($arg =~ /^([^=]*)=(.*)$/s) ? ($1, $2)
+ : ($arg, defined($ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT]) ? $ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT] :
+ ($mand ? undef : ($type eq 's' ? "" : 1)));
+ if (! defined $arg) {
+ warn ("Option $opt, key \"$key\", requires a value\n");
+ $error++;
+ # Push back.
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ return (1, undef);
+ }
}
#### Check if the argument is valid for this option ####
- if ( $type eq "s" ) { # string
+ my $key_valid = $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ? "[^=]+=" : "";
+
+ if ( $type eq 's' ) { # string
# A mandatory string takes anything.
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key) if $mand eq "=";
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key) if $mand;
+
+ # Same for optional string as a hash value
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key)
+ if $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH;
# An optional string takes almost anything.
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key)
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key)
if defined $optarg || defined $rest;
- return (1, $opt,$arg,$dsttype,$incr,$key) if $arg eq "-"; # ??
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key) if $arg eq "-"; # ??
# Check for option or option list terminator.
if ($arg eq $argend ||
$arg =~ /^$prefix.+/) {
# Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $arg);
+ unshift (@$argv, $arg);
# Supply empty value.
$arg = '';
}
}
- elsif ( $type eq "n" || $type eq "i" ) { # numeric/integer
- if ( $bundling && defined $rest && $rest =~ /^([-+]?[0-9]+)(.*)$/s ) {
- $arg = $1;
- $rest = $2;
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
+ elsif ( $type eq 'i' # numeric/integer
+ || $type eq 'I' # numeric/integer w/ incr default
+ || $type eq 'o' ) { # dec/oct/hex/bin value
+
+ my $o_valid = $type eq 'o' ? PAT_XINT : PAT_INT;
+
+ if ( $bundling && defined $rest
+ && $rest =~ /^($key_valid)($o_valid)(.*)$/si ) {
+ ($key, $arg, $rest) = ($1, $2, $+);
+ chop($key) if $key;
+ $arg = ($type eq 'o' && $arg =~ /^0/) ? oct($arg) : 0+$arg;
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
}
- elsif ( $arg !~ /^[-+]?[0-9]+$/ ) {
- if ( defined $optarg || $mand eq "=" ) {
+ elsif ( $arg =~ /^$o_valid$/si ) {
+ $arg =~ tr/_//d;
+ $arg = ($type eq 'o' && $arg =~ /^0/) ? oct($arg) : 0+$arg;
+ }
+ else {
+ if ( defined $optarg || $mand ) {
if ( $passthrough ) {
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
+ unshift (@$argv, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
unless defined $optarg;
return (0);
}
warn ("Value \"", $arg, "\" invalid for option ",
- $opt, " (number expected)\n");
+ $opt, " (",
+ $type eq 'o' ? "extended " : '',
+ "number expected)\n");
$error++;
- undef $opt;
# Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ return (1, undef);
}
else {
# Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
+ unshift (@$argv, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
+ if ( $type eq 'I' ) {
+ # Fake incremental type.
+ my @c = @$ctl;
+ $c[CTL_TYPE] = '+';
+ return (1, $opt, \@c, 1);
+ }
# Supply default value.
- $arg = 0;
+ $arg = defined($ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT]) ? $ctl->[CTL_DEFAULT] : 0;
}
}
}
- elsif ( $type eq "f" ) { # real number, int is also ok
+ elsif ( $type eq 'f' ) { # real number, int is also ok
# We require at least one digit before a point or 'e',
# and at least one digit following the point and 'e'.
# [-]NN[.NN][eNN]
+ my $o_valid = PAT_FLOAT;
if ( $bundling && defined $rest &&
- $rest =~ /^([-+]?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?)(.*)$/s ) {
- $arg = $1;
- $rest = $+;
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
+ $rest =~ /^($key_valid)($o_valid)(.*)$/s ) {
+ $arg =~ tr/_//d;
+ ($key, $arg, $rest) = ($1, $2, $+);
+ chop($key) if $key;
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest && $rest ne '';
+ }
+ elsif ( $arg =~ /^$o_valid$/ ) {
+ $arg =~ tr/_//d;
}
- elsif ( $arg !~ /^[-+]?[0-9.]+(\.[0-9]+)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$/ ) {
- if ( defined $optarg || $mand eq "=" ) {
+ else {
+ if ( defined $optarg || $mand ) {
if ( $passthrough ) {
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
+ unshift (@$argv, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg)
unless defined $optarg;
return (0);
}
warn ("Value \"", $arg, "\" invalid for option ",
$opt, " (real number expected)\n");
$error++;
- undef $opt;
# Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ unshift (@$argv, $starter.$rest) if defined $rest;
+ return (1, undef);
}
else {
# Push back.
- unshift (@ARGV, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
+ unshift (@$argv, defined $rest ? $starter.$rest : $arg);
# Supply default value.
$arg = 0.0;
}
}
}
else {
- Croak ("GetOpt::Long internal error (Can't happen)\n");
+ die("Getopt::Long internal error (Can't happen)\n");
}
- return (1, $opt, $arg, $dsttype, $incr, $key);
+ return (1, $opt, $ctl, $arg, $key);
+}
+
+sub ValidValue ($$$$$) {
+ my ($ctl, $arg, $mand, $argend, $prefix) = @_;
+
+ if ( $ctl->[CTL_DEST] == CTL_DEST_HASH ) {
+ return 0 unless $arg =~ /[^=]+=(.*)/;
+ $arg = $1;
+ }
+
+ my $type = $ctl->[CTL_TYPE];
+
+ if ( $type eq 's' ) { # string
+ # A mandatory string takes anything.
+ return (1) if $mand;
+
+ return (1) if $arg eq "-";
+
+ # Check for option or option list terminator.
+ return 0 if $arg eq $argend || $arg =~ /^$prefix.+/;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ elsif ( $type eq 'i' # numeric/integer
+ || $type eq 'I' # numeric/integer w/ incr default
+ || $type eq 'o' ) { # dec/oct/hex/bin value
+
+ my $o_valid = $type eq 'o' ? PAT_XINT : PAT_INT;
+ return $arg =~ /^$o_valid$/si;
+ }
+
+ elsif ( $type eq 'f' ) { # real number, int is also ok
+ # We require at least one digit before a point or 'e',
+ # and at least one digit following the point and 'e'.
+ # [-]NN[.NN][eNN]
+ my $o_valid = PAT_FLOAT;
+ return $arg =~ /^$o_valid$/;
+ }
+ die("ValidValue: Cannot happen\n");
}
# Getopt::Long Configuration.
my $prevconfig =
[ $error, $debug, $major_version, $minor_version,
$autoabbrev, $getopt_compat, $ignorecase, $bundling, $order,
- $passthrough, $genprefix ];
+ $gnu_compat, $passthrough, $genprefix, $auto_version, $auto_help,
+ $longprefix ];
if ( ref($options[0]) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
( $error, $debug, $major_version, $minor_version,
$autoabbrev, $getopt_compat, $ignorecase, $bundling, $order,
- $passthrough, $genprefix ) = @{shift(@options)};
+ $gnu_compat, $passthrough, $genprefix, $auto_version, $auto_help,
+ $longprefix ) = @{shift(@options)};
}
my $opt;
$action = 0;
$try = $+;
}
- if ( $try eq 'default' or $try eq 'defaults' ) {
- ConfigDefaults () if $action;
+ if ( ($try eq 'default' or $try eq 'defaults') && $action ) {
+ ConfigDefaults ();
+ }
+ elsif ( ($try eq 'posix_default' or $try eq 'posix_defaults') ) {
+ local $ENV{POSIXLY_CORRECT};
+ $ENV{POSIXLY_CORRECT} = 1 if $action;
+ ConfigDefaults ();
}
elsif ( $try eq 'auto_abbrev' or $try eq 'autoabbrev' ) {
$autoabbrev = $action;
}
elsif ( $try eq 'getopt_compat' ) {
$getopt_compat = $action;
+ $genprefix = $action ? "(--|-|\\+)" : "(--|-)";
+ }
+ elsif ( $try eq 'gnu_getopt' ) {
+ if ( $action ) {
+ $gnu_compat = 1;
+ $bundling = 1;
+ $getopt_compat = 0;
+ $genprefix = "(--|-)";
+ $order = $PERMUTE;
+ }
+ }
+ elsif ( $try eq 'gnu_compat' ) {
+ $gnu_compat = $action;
+ }
+ elsif ( $try =~ /^(auto_?)?version$/ ) {
+ $auto_version = $action;
+ }
+ elsif ( $try =~ /^(auto_?)?help$/ ) {
+ $auto_help = $action;
}
elsif ( $try eq 'ignorecase' or $try eq 'ignore_case' ) {
$ignorecase = $action;
}
- elsif ( $try eq 'ignore_case_always' ) {
+ elsif ( $try eq 'ignorecase_always' or $try eq 'ignore_case_always' ) {
$ignorecase = $action ? 2 : 0;
}
elsif ( $try eq 'bundling' ) {
elsif ( $try eq 'pass_through' or $try eq 'passthrough' ) {
$passthrough = $action;
}
- elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix=(.+)$/ ) {
+ elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix=(.+)$/ && $action ) {
$genprefix = $1;
# Turn into regexp. Needs to be parenthesized!
$genprefix = "(" . quotemeta($genprefix) . ")";
eval { '' =~ /$genprefix/; };
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
+ die("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
}
- elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix_pattern=(.+)$/ ) {
+ elsif ( $try =~ /^prefix_pattern=(.+)$/ && $action ) {
$genprefix = $1;
# Parenthesize if needed.
$genprefix = "(" . $genprefix . ")"
unless $genprefix =~ /^\(.*\)$/;
- eval { '' =~ /$genprefix/; };
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
+ eval { '' =~ m"$genprefix"; };
+ die("Getopt::Long: invalid pattern \"$genprefix\"") if $@;
+ }
+ elsif ( $try =~ /^long_prefix_pattern=(.+)$/ && $action ) {
+ $longprefix = $1;
+ # Parenthesize if needed.
+ $longprefix = "(" . $longprefix . ")"
+ unless $longprefix =~ /^\(.*\)$/;
+ eval { '' =~ m"$longprefix"; };
+ die("Getopt::Long: invalid long prefix pattern \"$longprefix\"") if $@;
}
elsif ( $try eq 'debug' ) {
$debug = $action;
}
else {
- Croak ("Getopt::Long: unknown config parameter \"$opt\"")
+ die("Getopt::Long: unknown config parameter \"$opt\"")
}
}
$prevconfig;
Configure (@_);
}
-# To prevent Carp from being loaded unnecessarily.
-sub Croak (@) {
- require 'Carp.pm';
- $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
- Carp::croak(@_);
-};
+# Issue a standard message for --version.
+#
+# The arguments are mostly the same as for Pod::Usage::pod2usage:
+#
+# - a number (exit value)
+# - a string (lead in message)
+# - a hash with options. See Pod::Usage for details.
+#
+sub VersionMessage(@) {
+ # Massage args.
+ my $pa = setup_pa_args("version", @_);
+
+ my $v = $main::VERSION;
+ my $fh = $pa->{-output} ||
+ ($pa->{-exitval} eq "NOEXIT" || $pa->{-exitval} < 2) ? \*STDOUT : \*STDERR;
+
+ print $fh (defined($pa->{-message}) ? $pa->{-message} : (),
+ $0, defined $v ? " version $v" : (),
+ "\n",
+ "(", __PACKAGE__, "::", "GetOptions",
+ " version ",
+ defined($Getopt::Long::VERSION_STRING)
+ ? $Getopt::Long::VERSION_STRING : $VERSION, ";",
+ " Perl version ",
+ $] >= 5.006 ? sprintf("%vd", $^V) : $],
+ ")\n");
+ exit($pa->{-exitval}) unless $pa->{-exitval} eq "NOEXIT";
+}
+
+# Issue a standard message for --help.
+#
+# The arguments are the same as for Pod::Usage::pod2usage:
+#
+# - a number (exit value)
+# - a string (lead in message)
+# - a hash with options. See Pod::Usage for details.
+#
+sub HelpMessage(@) {
+ eval {
+ require Pod::Usage;
+ import Pod::Usage;
+ 1;
+ } || die("Cannot provide help: cannot load Pod::Usage\n");
+
+ # Note that pod2usage will issue a warning if -exitval => NOEXIT.
+ pod2usage(setup_pa_args("help", @_));
+
+}
+
+# Helper routine to set up a normalized hash ref to be used as
+# argument to pod2usage.
+sub setup_pa_args($@) {
+ my $tag = shift; # who's calling
+
+ # If called by direct binding to an option, it will get the option
+ # name and value as arguments. Remove these, if so.
+ @_ = () if @_ == 2 && $_[0] eq $tag;
+
+ my $pa;
+ if ( @_ > 1 ) {
+ $pa = { @_ };
+ }
+ else {
+ $pa = shift || {};
+ }
+
+ # At this point, $pa can be a number (exit value), string
+ # (message) or hash with options.
+
+ if ( UNIVERSAL::isa($pa, 'HASH') ) {
+ # Get rid of -msg vs. -message ambiguity.
+ $pa->{-message} = $pa->{-msg};
+ delete($pa->{-msg});
+ }
+ elsif ( $pa =~ /^-?\d+$/ ) {
+ $pa = { -exitval => $pa };
+ }
+ else {
+ $pa = { -message => $pa };
+ }
+
+ # These are _our_ defaults.
+ $pa->{-verbose} = 0 unless exists($pa->{-verbose});
+ $pa->{-exitval} = 0 unless exists($pa->{-exitval});
+ $pa;
+}
+
+# Sneak way to know what version the user requested.
+sub VERSION {
+ $requested_version = $_[1];
+ shift->SUPER::VERSION(@_);
+}
+
+package Getopt::Long::CallBack;
+
+sub new {
+ my ($pkg, %atts) = @_;
+ bless { %atts }, $pkg;
+}
+
+sub name {
+ my $self = shift;
+ ''.$self->{name};
+}
+
+use overload
+ # Treat this object as an oridinary string for legacy API.
+ '""' => \&name,
+ '0+' => sub { 0 },
+ fallback => 1;
+
+1;
################ Documentation ################
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Getopt::Long;
- $result = GetOptions (...option-descriptions...);
+ my $data = "file.dat";
+ my $length = 24;
+ my $verbose;
+ $result = GetOptions ("length=i" => \$length, # numeric
+ "file=s" => \$data, # string
+ "verbose" => \$verbose); # flag
=head1 DESCRIPTION
bundle of single-character options and a long one, two dashes are used
to precede the option name. Early implementations of long options used
a plus C<+> instead. Also, option values could be specified either
-like
+like
--size=24
=head1 Getting Started with Getopt::Long
-Getopt::Long is the Perl5 successor of C<newgetopt.pl>. This was
-the firs Perl module that provided support for handling the new style
-of command line options, hence the name Getopt::Long. This module
-also supports single-character options and bundling. In this case, the
-options are restricted to alphabetic characters only, and the
-characters C<?> and C<->.
+Getopt::Long is the Perl5 successor of C<newgetopt.pl>. This was the
+first Perl module that provided support for handling the new style of
+command line options, hence the name Getopt::Long. This module also
+supports single-character options and bundling. Single character
+options may be any alphabetic character, a question mark, and a dash.
+Long options may consist of a series of letters, digits, and dashes.
+Although this is currently not enforced by Getopt::Long, multiple
+consecutive dashes are not allowed, and the option name must not end
+with a dash.
To use Getopt::Long from a Perl program, you must include the
following line in your Perl program:
Getopt::Long supports two useful variants of simple options:
I<negatable> options and I<incremental> options.
-A negatable option is specified with a exclamation mark C<!> after the
+A negatable option is specified with an exclamation mark C<!> after the
option name:
my $verbose = ''; # option variable with default value (false)
To accomplish this behaviour, simply specify an array reference as the
destination for the option:
- my @libfiles = ();
GetOptions ("library=s" => \@libfiles);
-Used with the example above, C<@libfiles> would contain two strings
-upon completion: C<"lib/srdlib"> and C<"lib/extlib">, in that order.
-It is also possible to specify that only integer or floating point
-numbers are acceptible values.
+Alternatively, you can specify that the option can have multiple
+values by adding a "@", and pass a scalar reference as the
+destination:
+
+ GetOptions ("library=s@" => \$libfiles);
+
+Used with the example above, C<@libfiles> (or C<@$libfiles>) would
+contain two strings upon completion: C<"lib/srdlib"> and
+C<"lib/extlib">, in that order. It is also possible to specify that
+only integer or floating point numbers are acceptable values.
Often it is useful to allow comma-separated lists of values as well as
multiple occurrences of the options. This is easy using Perl's split()
and join() operators:
- my @libfiles = ();
GetOptions ("library=s" => \@libfiles);
@libfiles = split(/,/,join(',',@libfiles));
Of course, it is important to choose the right separator string for
each purpose.
+Warning: What follows is an experimental feature.
+
+Options can take multiple values at once, for example
+
+ --coordinates 52.2 16.4 --rgbcolor 255 255 149
+
+This can be accomplished by adding a repeat specifier to the option
+specification. Repeat specifiers are very similar to the C<{...}>
+repeat specifiers that can be used with regular expression patterns.
+For example, the above command line would be handled as follows:
+
+ GetOptions('coordinates=f{2}' => \@coor, 'rgbcolor=i{3}' => \@color);
+
+The destination for the option must be an array or array reference.
+
+It is also possible to specify the minimal and maximal number of
+arguments an option takes. C<foo=s{2,4}> indicates an option that
+takes at least two and at most 4 arguments. C<foo=s{,}> indicates one
+or more values; C<foo:s{,}> indicates zero or more option values.
+
=head2 Options with hash values
If the option destination is a reference to a hash, the option will
take, as value, strings of the form I<key>C<=>I<value>. The value will
be stored with the specified key in the hash.
- my %defines = ();
GetOptions ("define=s" => \%defines);
+Alternatively you can use:
+
+ GetOptions ("define=s%" => \$defines);
+
When used with command line options:
--define os=linux --define vendor=redhat
-the hash C<%defines> will contain two keys, C<"os"> with value
-C<"linux> and C<"vendor"> with value C<"redhat">.
-It is also possible to specify that only integer or floating point
-numbers are acceptible values. The keys are always taken to be strings.
+the hash C<%defines> (or C<%$defines>) will contain two keys, C<"os">
+with value C<"linux> and C<"vendor"> with value C<"redhat">. It is
+also possible to specify that only integer or floating point numbers
+are acceptable values. The keys are always taken to be strings.
=head2 User-defined subroutines to handle options
an option is encountered on the command line can be achieved by
designating a reference to a subroutine (or an anonymous subroutine)
as the option destination. When GetOptions() encounters the option, it
-will call the subroutine with two arguments: the name of the option,
-and the value to be assigned. It is up to the subroutine to store the
-value, or do whatever it thinks is appropriate.
+will call the subroutine with two or three arguments. The first
+argument is the name of the option. For a scalar or array destination,
+the second argument is the value to be stored. For a hash destination,
+the second arguments is the key to the hash, and the third argument
+the value to be stored. It is up to the subroutine to store the value,
+or do whatever it thinks is appropriate.
A trivial application of this mechanism is to implement options that
are related to each other. For example:
die(), issue the error message, and record that an error result must
be returned upon completion.
-If the text of the error message starts with an exclamantion mark C<!>
+If the text of the error message starts with an exclamation mark C<!>
it is interpreted specially by GetOptions(). There is currently one
special command implemented: C<die("!FINISH")> will cause GetOptions()
to stop processing options, as if it encountered a double dash C<-->.
GetOptions ('length|height=f' => \$length);
The first name is called the I<primary> name, the other names are
-called I<aliases>.
+called I<aliases>. When using a hash to store options, the key will
+always be the primary name.
Multiple alternate names are possible.
=head2 Summary of Option Specifications
Each option specifier consists of two parts: the name specification
-and the argument specification.
+and the argument specification.
The name specification contains the name of the option, optionally
followed by a list of alternative names separated by vertical bar
-characters.
+characters.
length option name is "length"
length|size|l name is "length", aliases are "size" and "l"
The argument specification can be
-=over
+=over 4
=item !
-The option does not take an argument and may be negated, i.e. prefixed
-by "no". E.g. C<"foo!"> will allow C<--foo> (a value of 1 will be
-assigned) and C<--nofoo> (a value of 0 will be assigned). If the
-option has aliases, this applies to the aliases as well.
+The option does not take an argument and may be negated by prefixing
+it with "no" or "no-". E.g. C<"foo!"> will allow C<--foo> (a value of
+1 will be assigned) as well as C<--nofoo> and C<--no-foo> (a value of
+0 will be assigned). If the option has aliases, this applies to the
+aliases as well.
Using negation on a single letter option when bundling is in effect is
pointless and will result in a warning.
The C<+> specifier is ignored if the option destination is not a scalar.
-=item = I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
+=item = I<type> [ I<desttype> ] [ I<repeat> ]
The option requires an argument of the given type. Supported types
are:
-=over
+=over 4
=item s
Integer. An optional leading plus or minus sign, followed by a
sequence of digits.
+=item o
+
+Extended integer, Perl style. This can be either an optional leading
+plus or minus sign, followed by a sequence of digits, or an octal
+string (a zero, optionally followed by '0', '1', .. '7'), or a
+hexadecimal string (C<0x> followed by '0' .. '9', 'a' .. 'f', case
+insensitive), or a binary string (C<0b> followed by a series of '0'
+and '1').
+
=item f
Real number. For example C<3.14>, C<-6.23E24> and so on.
the option value is not otherwise specified. It should be omitted when
not needed.
+The I<repeat> specifies the number of values this option takes per
+occurrence on the command line. It has the format C<{> [ I<min> ] [ C<,> [ I<max> ] ] C<}>.
+
+I<min> denotes the minimal number of arguments. It defaults to 1 for
+options with C<=> and to 0 for options with C<:>, see below. Note that
+I<min> overrules the C<=> / C<:> semantics.
+
+I<max> denotes the maximum number of arguments. It must be at least
+I<min>. If I<max> is omitted, I<but the comma is not>, there is no
+upper bound to the number of argument values taken.
+
=item : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
Like C<=>, but designates the argument as optional.
Note that if a string argument starts with C<-> or C<-->, it will be
considered an option on itself.
+=item : I<number> [ I<desttype> ]
+
+Like C<:i>, but if the value is omitted, the I<number> will be assigned.
+
+=item : + [ I<desttype> ]
+
+Like C<:i>, but if the value is omitted, the current value for the
+option will be incremented.
+
=back
=head1 Advanced Possibilities
+=head2 Object oriented interface
+
+Getopt::Long can be used in an object oriented way as well:
+
+ use Getopt::Long;
+ $p = new Getopt::Long::Parser;
+ $p->configure(...configuration options...);
+ if ($p->getoptions(...options descriptions...)) ...
+
+Configuration options can be passed to the constructor:
+
+ $p = new Getopt::Long::Parser
+ config => [...configuration options...];
+
+=head2 Thread Safety
+
+Getopt::Long is thread safe when using ithreads as of Perl 5.8. It is
+I<not> thread safe when using the older (experimental and now
+obsolete) threads implementation that was added to Perl 5.005.
+
=head2 Documentation and help texts
Getopt::Long encourages the use of Pod::Usage to produce help
=head1 NAME
- sample - Using GetOpt::Long and Pod::Usage
+ sample - Using Getopt::Long and Pod::Usage
=head1 SYNOPSIS
=head1 DESCRIPTION
- B<This program> will read the given input file(s) and do someting
+ B<This program> will read the given input file(s) and do something
useful with the contents thereof.
=cut
See L<Pod::Usage> for details.
-=head2 Storing options in a hash
+=head2 Parsing options from an arbitrary array
+
+By default, GetOptions parses the options that are present in the
+global array C<@ARGV>. A special entry C<GetOptionsFromArray> can be
+used to parse options from an arbitrary array.
+
+ use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromArray);
+ $ret = GetOptionsFromArray(\@myopts, ...);
+
+When used like this, the global C<@ARGV> is not touched at all.
+
+The following two calls behave identically:
+
+ $ret = GetOptions( ... );
+ $ret = GetOptionsFromArray(\@ARGV, ... );
+
+=head2 Parsing options from an arbitrary string
+
+A special entry C<GetOptionsFromString> can be used to parse options
+from an arbitrary string.
+
+ use Getopt::Long qw(GetOptionsFromString);
+ $ret = GetOptionsFromString($string, ...);
+
+The contents of the string are split into arguments using a call to
+C<Text::ParseWords::shellwords>. As with C<GetOptionsFromArray>, the
+global C<@ARGV> is not touched.
+
+It is possible that, upon completion, not all arguments in the string
+have been processed. C<GetOptionsFromString> will, when called in list
+context, return both the return status and an array reference to any
+remaining arguments:
+
+ ($ret, $args) = GetOptionsFromString($string, ... );
+
+If any arguments remain, and C<GetOptionsFromString> was not called in
+list context, a message will be given and C<GetOptionsFromString> will
+return failure.
+
+=head2 Storing options values in a hash
Sometimes, for example when there are a lot of options, having a
separate variable for each of them can be cumbersome. GetOptions()
-supports, as an alternative mechanism, storing options in a hash.
+supports, as an alternative mechanism, storing options values in a
+hash.
To obtain this, a reference to a hash must be passed I<as the first
argument> to GetOptions(). For each option that is specified on the
Configured this way, single-character options can be bundled but long
options B<must> always start with a double dash C<--> to avoid
-abiguity. For example, when C<vax>, C<a>, C<v> and C<x> are all valid
+a
mbiguity. For example, when C<vax>, C<a>, C<v> and C<x> are all valid
options,
-vax
-would set C<a>, C<v> and C<x>, but
+would set C<a>, C<v> and C<x>, but
--vax
=head2 The lonesome dash
-Some applications require the option C<-> (that's a lone dash). This
-can be achieved by adding an option specification with an empty name:
+Normally, a lone dash C<-> on the command line will not be considered
+an option. Option processing will terminate (unless "permute" is
+configured) and the dash will be left in C<@ARGV>.
+
+It is possible to get special treatment for a lone dash. This can be
+achieved by adding an option specification with an empty name, for
+example:
GetOptions ('' => \$stdio);
-A lone dash on the command line will now be legal, and set options
-variable C<$stdio>.
+A lone dash on the command line will now be a legal option, and using
+it will set variable C<$stdio>.
-=head2 Argument call-back
+=head2 Argument callback
-A special option 'name' C<<>> can be used to designate a subroutine
+A special option 'name' C<< <> >> can be used to designate a subroutine
to handle non-option arguments. When GetOptions() encounters an
argument that does not look like an option, it will immediately call this
-subroutine and passes it the argument as a parameter.
+subroutine and passes it one parameter: the argument name.
For example:
arg1 --width=72 arg2 --width=60 arg3
-This will call
-C<process("arg1")> while C<$width> is C<80>,
+This will call
+C<process("arg1")> while C<$width> is C<80>,
C<process("arg2")> while C<$width> is C<72>, and
C<process("arg3")> while C<$width> is C<60>.
This feature requires configuration option B<permute>, see section
L<Configuring Getopt::Long>.
-
=head1 Configuring Getopt::Long
Getopt::Long can be configured by calling subroutine
Getopt::Long::Configure(). This subroutine takes a list of quoted
-strings, each specifying a configuration option to be set, e.g.
-C<ignore_case>, or reset, e.g. C<no_ignore_case>. Case does not
+strings, each specifying a configuration option to be enabled, e.g.
+C<ignore_case>, or disabled, e.g. C<no_ignore_case>. Case does not
matter. Multiple calls to Configure() are possible.
+Alternatively, as of version 2.24, the configuration options may be
+passed together with the C<use> statement:
+
+ use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_ignore_case bundling);
+
The following options are available:
=over 12
This option causes all configuration options to be reset to their
default values.
+=item posix_default
+
+This option causes all configuration options to be reset to their
+default values as if the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT had
+been set.
+
=item auto_abbrev
Allow option names to be abbreviated to uniqueness.
-Default is set unless environment variable
-POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<auto_abbrev> is reset.
+Default is enabled unless environment variable
+POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<auto_abbrev> is disabled.
=item getopt_compat
Allow C<+> to start options.
-Default is set unless environment variable
-POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<getopt_compat> is reset.
+Default is enabled unless environment variable
+POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<getopt_compat> is disabled.
+
+=item gnu_compat
+
+C<gnu_compat> controls whether C<--opt=> is allowed, and what it should
+do. Without C<gnu_compat>, C<--opt=> gives an error. With C<gnu_compat>,
+C<--opt=> will give option C<opt> and empty value.
+This is the way GNU getopt_long() does it.
+
+=item gnu_getopt
+
+This is a short way of setting C<gnu_compat> C<bundling> C<permute>
+C<no_getopt_compat>. With C<gnu_getopt>, command line handling should be
+fully compatible with GNU getopt_long().
=item require_order
Whether command line arguments are allowed to be mixed with options.
-Default is set unless environment variable
-POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<require_order> is reset.
+Default is disabled unless environment variable
+POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<require_order> is enabled.
See also C<permute>, which is the opposite of C<require_order>.
=item permute
Whether command line arguments are allowed to be mixed with options.
-Default is set unless environment variable
-POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<permute> is reset.
+Default is enabled unless environment variable
+POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case C<permute> is disabled.
Note that C<permute> is the opposite of C<require_order>.
-If C<permute> is set, this means that
+If C<permute> is enabled, this means that
--foo arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
--foo --bar arg1 arg2 arg3
-If an argument call-back routine is specified, C<@ARGV> will always be
-empty upon succesful return of GetOptions() since all options have been
+If an argument callback routine is specified, C<@ARGV> will always be
+empty upon successful return of GetOptions() since all options have been
processed. The only exception is when C<--> is used:
--foo arg1 --bar arg2 -- arg3
-will call the call-back routine for arg1 and arg2, and terminate
-GetOptions() leaving C<"arg2"> in C<@ARGV>.
+This will call the callback routine for arg1 and arg2, and then
+terminate GetOptions() leaving C<"arg2"> in C<@ARGV>.
-If C<require_order> is set, options processing
+If C<require_order> is enabled, options processing
terminates when the first non-option is encountered.
--foo arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
--foo -- arg1 --bar arg2 arg3
-=item bundling (default: reset)
+If C<pass_through> is also enabled, options processing will terminate
+at the first unrecognized option, or non-option, whichever comes
+first.
+
+=item bundling (default: disabled)
+
+Enabling this option will allow single-character options to be
+bundled. To distinguish bundles from long option names, long options
+I<must> be introduced with C<--> and bundles with C<->.
-Setting this option will allow single-character options to be bundled.
-To distinguish bundles from long option names, long options I<must> be
-introduced with C<--> and single-character options (and bundles) with
-C<->.
+Note that, if you have options C<a>, C<l> and C<all>, and
+auto_abbrev enabled, possible arguments and option settings are:
-Note: resetting C<bundling> also resets C<bundling_override>.
+ using argument sets option(s)
+ ------------------------------------------
+ -a, --a a
+ -l, --l l
+ -al, -la, -ala, -all,... a, l
+ --al, --all all
-=item bundling_override (default: reset)
+The surprising part is that C<--a> sets option C<a> (due to auto
+completion), not C<all>.
-If C<bundling_override> is set, bundling is enabled as with
-C<bundling> but now long option names override option bundles.
+Note: disabling C<bundling> also disables C<bundling_override>.
-Note: resetting C<bundling_override> also resets C<bundling>.
+=item bundling_override (default: disabled)
+
+If C<bundling_override> is enabled, bundling is enabled as with
+C<bundling> but now long option names override option bundles.
+
+Note: disabling C<bundling_override> also disables C<bundling>.
B<Note:> Using option bundling can easily lead to unexpected results,
especially when mixing long options and bundles. Caveat emptor.
-=item ignore_case (default: set)
+=item ignore_case (default: enabled)
+
+If enabled, case is ignored when matching long option names. If,
+however, bundling is enabled as well, single character options will be
+treated case-sensitive.
-If set, case is ignored when matching long option names. Single
-character options will be treated case-sensitive.
+With C<ignore_case>, option specifications for options that only
+differ in case, e.g., C<"foo"> and C<"Foo">, will be flagged as
+duplicates.
-Note: resetting C<ignore_case> also resets C<ignore_case_always>.
+Note: disabling C<ignore_case> also disables C<ignore_case_always>.
-=item ignore_case_always (default: reset)
+=item ignore_case_always (default: disabled)
When bundling is in effect, case is ignored on single-character
-options also.
+options also.
+
+Note: disabling C<ignore_case_always> also disables C<ignore_case>.
+
+=item auto_version (default:disabled)
-Note: resetting C<ignore_case_always> also resets C<ignore_case>.
+Automatically provide support for the B<--version> option if
+the application did not specify a handler for this option itself.
-=item pass_through (default: reset)
+Getopt::Long will provide a standard version message that includes the
+program name, its version (if $main::VERSION is defined), and the
+versions of Getopt::Long and Perl. The message will be written to
+standard output and processing will terminate.
+
+C<auto_version> will be enabled if the calling program explicitly
+specified a version number higher than 2.32 in the C<use> or
+C<require> statement.
+
+=item auto_help (default:disabled)
+
+Automatically provide support for the B<--help> and B<-?> options if
+the application did not specify a handler for this option itself.
+
+Getopt::Long will provide a help message using module L<Pod::Usage>. The
+message, derived from the SYNOPSIS POD section, will be written to
+standard output and processing will terminate.
+
+C<auto_help> will be enabled if the calling program explicitly
+specified a version number higher than 2.32 in the C<use> or
+C<require> statement.
+
+=item pass_through (default: disabled)
Options that are unknown, ambiguous or supplied with an invalid option
value are passed through in C<@ARGV> instead of being flagged as
only part of the user supplied command line arguments, and pass the
remaining options to some other program.
-This can be very confusing, especially when C<permute> is also set.
+If C<require_order> is enabled, options processing will terminate at
+the first unrecognized option, or non-option, whichever comes first.
+However, if C<permute> is enabled instead, results can become confusing.
+
+Note that the options terminator (default C<-->), if present, will
+also be passed through in C<@ARGV>.
=item prefix
=item prefix_pattern
A Perl pattern that identifies the strings that introduce options.
-Default is C<(--|-|\+)> unless environment variable
-POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case it is C<(--|-)>.
+Default is C<--|-|\+> unless environment variable
+POSIXLY_CORRECT has been set, in which case it is C<--|->.
+
+=item long_prefix_pattern
+
+A Perl pattern that allows the disambiguation of long and short
+prefixes. Default is C<-->.
+
+Typically you only need to set this if you are using nonstandard
+prefixes and want some or all of them to have the same semantics as
+'--' does under normal circumstances.
+
+For example, setting prefix_pattern to C<--|-|\+|\/> and
+long_prefix_pattern to C<--|\/> would add Win32 style argument
+handling.
+
+=item debug (default: disabled)
+
+Enable debugging output.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Exportable Methods
+
+=over
+
+=item VersionMessage
+
+This subroutine provides a standard version message. Its argument can be:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+A string containing the text of a message to print I<before> printing
+the standard message.
+
+=item *
+
+A numeric value corresponding to the desired exit status.
+
+=item *
+
+A reference to a hash.
+
+=back
+
+If more than one argument is given then the entire argument list is
+assumed to be a hash. If a hash is supplied (either as a reference or
+as a list) it should contain one or more elements with the following
+keys:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<-message>
-=item debug (default: reset)
+=item C<-msg>
-Enable copious debugging output.
+The text of a message to print immediately prior to printing the
+program's usage message.
+
+=item C<-exitval>
+
+The desired exit status to pass to the B<exit()> function.
+This should be an integer, or else the string "NOEXIT" to
+indicate that control should simply be returned without
+terminating the invoking process.
+
+=item C<-output>
+
+A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file to which the
+usage message should be written. The default is C<\*STDERR> unless the
+exit value is less than 2 (in which case the default is C<\*STDOUT>).
+
+=back
+
+You cannot tie this routine directly to an option, e.g.:
+
+ GetOptions("version" => \&VersionMessage);
+
+Use this instead:
+
+ GetOptions("version" => sub { VersionMessage() });
+
+=item HelpMessage
+
+This subroutine produces a standard help message, derived from the
+program's POD section SYNOPSIS using L<Pod::Usage>. It takes the same
+arguments as VersionMessage(). In particular, you cannot tie it
+directly to an option, e.g.:
+
+ GetOptions("help" => \&HelpMessage);
+
+Use this instead:
+
+ GetOptions("help" => sub { HelpMessage() });
=back
the call to Getopt::Long::GetOptions() was embedded in C<eval { ...
}>, or die() was trapped using C<$SIG{__DIE__}>.
-A return value of 1 (true) indicates success.
-
-A return status of 0 (false) indicates that the function detected one
-or more errors during option parsing. These errors are signalled using
-warn() and can be trapped with C<$SIG{__WARN__}>.
-
-Errors that can't happen are signalled using Carp::croak().
+GetOptions returns true to indicate success.
+It returns false when the function detected one or more errors during
+option parsing. These errors are signalled using warn() and can be
+trapped with C<$SIG{__WARN__}>.
=head1 Legacy
Note that to terminate options processing still requires a double dash
C<-->.
-GetOptions() will not interpret a leading C<"<>"> as option starters
-if the next argument is a reference. To force C<"<"> and C<">"> as
-option starters, use C<"><">. Confusing? Well, B<using a starter
+GetOptions() will not interpret a leading C<< "<>" >> as option starters
+if the next argument is a reference. To force C<< "<" >> and C<< ">" >> as
+option starters, use C<< "><" >>. Confusing? Well, B<using a starter
argument is strongly deprecated> anyway.
=head2 Configuration variables
Previous versions of Getopt::Long used variables for the purpose of
-configuring. Although manipulating these variables still work, it
-is strongly encouraged to use the new C<config> routine. Besides, it
-is much easier.
+configuring. Although manipulating these variables still work, it is
+strongly encouraged to use the C<Configure> routine that was introduced
+in version 2.17. Besides, it is much easier.
+
+=head1 Tips and Techniques
+
+=head2 Pushing multiple values in a hash option
+
+Sometimes you want to combine the best of hashes and arrays. For
+example, the command line:
+
+ --list add=first --list add=second --list add=third
+
+where each successive 'list add' option will push the value of add
+into array ref $list->{'add'}. The result would be like
+
+ $list->{add} = [qw(first second third)];
+
+This can be accomplished with a destination routine:
+
+ GetOptions('list=s%' =>
+ sub { push(@{$list{$_[1]}}, $_[2]) });
+
+=head1 Trouble Shooting
+
+=head2 GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied
+
+That's why they're called 'options'.
+
+=head2 GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
+
+The command line is not split by GetOptions, but by the command line
+interpreter (CLI). On Unix, this is the shell. On Windows, it is
+COMMAND.COM or CMD.EXE. Other operating systems have other CLIs.
+
+It is important to know that these CLIs may behave different when the
+command line contains special characters, in particular quotes or
+backslashes. For example, with Unix shells you can use single quotes
+(C<'>) and double quotes (C<">) to group words together. The following
+alternatives are equivalent on Unix:
+
+ "two words"
+ 'two words'
+ two\ words
+
+In case of doubt, insert the following statement in front of your Perl
+program:
+
+ print STDERR (join("|",@ARGV),"\n");
+
+to verify how your CLI passes the arguments to the program.
+
+=head2 Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
+
+Are you running Windows, and did you write
+
+ use GetOpt::Long;
+
+(note the capital 'O')?
+
+=head2 How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
+
+You can only obtain this using an alias, and Getopt::Long of at least
+version 2.13.
+
+ use Getopt::Long;
+ GetOptions ("help|?"); # -help and -? will both set $opt_help
=head1 AUTHOR
-Johan Vromans E<lt>jvromans@squirrel.nlE<gt>
+Johan Vromans <jvromans@squirrel.nl>
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
-This program is Copyright 2000,1990 by Johan Vromans.
+This program is Copyright 1990,2007 by Johan Vromans.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the Perl Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
GNU General Public License for more details.
If you do not have a copy of the GNU General Public License write to
-the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
+the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge,
MA 02139, USA.
=cut
-# Local Variables:
-# mode: perl
-# eval: (load-file "pod.el")
-# End:
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff