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regcomp.c: White-space only, wrap comment to fit
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index ad0eabf..1a1cd1c 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -231,8 +231,9 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
  * REGNODE_SIMPLE */
 #define        SIMPLE          0x02
 #define        SPSTART         0x04    /* Starts with * or + */
-#define TRYAGAIN       0x08    /* Weeded out a declaration. */
-#define POSTPONED      0x10    /* (?1),(?&name), (??{...}) or similar */
+#define POSTPONED      0x08    /* (?1),(?&name), (??{...}) or similar */
+#define TRYAGAIN       0x10    /* Weeded out a declaration. */
+#define RESTART_UTF8    0x20    /* Restart, need to calcuate sizes as UTF-8 */
 
 #define REG_NODE_NUM(x) ((x) ? (int)((x)-RExC_emit_start) : -1)
 
@@ -251,10 +252,11 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 #define PAREN_SET(u8str,paren) PBYTE(u8str,paren) |= PBITVAL(paren)
 #define PAREN_UNSET(u8str,paren) PBYTE(u8str,paren) &= (~PBITVAL(paren))
 
-/* If not already in utf8, do a longjmp back to the beginning */
-#define UTF8_LONGJMP 42 /* Choose a value not likely to ever conflict */
 #define REQUIRE_UTF8   STMT_START {                                       \
-                                     if (! UTF) JMPENV_JUMP(UTF8_LONGJMP); \
+                                     if (!UTF) {                           \
+                                         *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;            \
+                                         return NULL;                      \
+                                     }                                     \
                         } STMT_END
 
 /* This converts the named class defined in regcomp.h to its equivalent class
@@ -749,7 +751,7 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data, I32 *min
            data->offset_float_min = l ? data->last_start_min : data->pos_min;
            data->offset_float_max = (l
                                      ? data->last_start_max
-                                     : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta);
+                                     : (data->pos_delta == I32_MAX ? I32_MAX : data->pos_min + data->pos_delta));
            if (is_inf || (U32)data->offset_float_max > (U32)I32_MAX)
                data->offset_float_max = I32_MAX;
            if (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL)
@@ -1028,7 +1030,9 @@ S_cl_or(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, con
            /* OR char bitmap and class bitmap separately */
            for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
                cl->bitmap[i] |= or_with->bitmap[i];
-            ANYOF_CLASS_OR(or_with, cl);
+            if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS) {
+                ANYOF_CLASS_OR(or_with, cl);
+            }
        }
        else { /* XXXX: logic is complicated, leave it along for a moment. */
            cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
@@ -2834,7 +2838,8 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan, UV *min_subtract, b
                     OP(scan) = EXACTFU_SS;
                     s += 2;
                 }
-                else if (len == 6   /* len is the same in both ASCII and EBCDIC for these */
+                else if (len == 6   /* len is the same in both ASCII and EBCDIC
+                                       for these */
                          && (memEQ(s, GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_IOTA_UTF8
                                       COMBINING_DIAERESIS_UTF8
                                       COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT_UTF8,
@@ -3124,10 +3129,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                          stopparen, recursed, NULL, f,depth+1);
                    if (min1 > minnext)
                        min1 = minnext;
-                   if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
-                       max1 = minnext + deltanext;
-                   if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
+                   if (deltanext == I32_MAX) {
                        is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                       max1 = I32_MAX;
+                   } else if (max1 < minnext + deltanext)
+                       max1 = minnext + deltanext;
                    scan = next;
                    if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                        pars++;
@@ -3150,12 +3156,18 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    min1 = 0;
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                    data->pos_min += min1;
-                   data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
+                   if (data->pos_delta >= I32_MAX - (max1 - min1))
+                       data->pos_delta = I32_MAX;
+                   else
+                       data->pos_delta += max1 - min1;
                    if (max1 != min1 || is_inf)
                        data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
                }
                min += min1;
-               delta += max1 - min1;
+               if (delta == I32_MAX || I32_MAX - delta - (max1 - min1) < 0)
+                   delta = I32_MAX;
+               else
+                   delta += max1 - min1;
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
                    cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class, &accum);
                    if (min1) {
@@ -3884,11 +3896,13 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                }
 
                min += minnext * mincount;
-               is_inf_internal |= ((maxcount == REG_INFTY
-                                    && (minnext + deltanext) > 0)
-                                   || deltanext == I32_MAX);
+               is_inf_internal |= deltanext == I32_MAX
+                                    || (maxcount == REG_INFTY && minnext + deltanext > 0);
                is_inf |= is_inf_internal;
-               delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
+               if (is_inf)
+                   delta = I32_MAX;
+               else
+                   delta += (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
 
                /* Try powerful optimization CURLYX => CURLYN. */
                if (  OP(oscan) == CURLYX && data
@@ -4073,7 +4087,16 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    }
                    /* It is counted once already... */
                    data->pos_min += minnext * (mincount - counted);
-                   data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
+#if 0
+PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "counted=%d deltanext=%d I32_MAX=%d minnext=%d maxcount=%d mincount=%d\n",
+    counted, deltanext, I32_MAX, minnext, maxcount, mincount);
+if (deltanext != I32_MAX)
+PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "LHS=%d RHS=%d\n", -counted * deltanext + (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount, I32_MAX - data->pos_delta);
+#endif
+                   if (deltanext == I32_MAX || -counted * deltanext + (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount >= I32_MAX - data->pos_delta)
+                       data->pos_delta = I32_MAX;
+                   else
+                       data->pos_delta += - counted * deltanext +
                        (minnext + deltanext) * maxcount - minnext * mincount;
                    if (mincount != maxcount) {
                         /* Cannot extend fixed substrings found inside
@@ -4108,7 +4131,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        NEXT_OFF(oscan) += NEXT_OFF(next);
                }
                continue;
-           default:                    /* REF, ANYOFV, and CLUMP only? */
+           default:                    /* REF, and CLUMP only? */
                if (flags & SCF_DO_SUBSTR) {
                    SCAN_COMMIT(pRExC_state,data,minlenp);      /* Cannot expect anything... */
                    data->longest = &(data->longest_float);
@@ -4591,10 +4614,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                     
                     if (min1 > (I32)(minnext + trie->minlen))
                         min1 = minnext + trie->minlen;
-                    if (max1 < (I32)(minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen))
-                        max1 = minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen;
-                    if (deltanext == I32_MAX)
+                    if (deltanext == I32_MAX) {
                         is_inf = is_inf_internal = 1;
+                        max1 = I32_MAX;
+                    } else if (max1 < (I32)(minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen))
+                        max1 = minnext + deltanext + trie->maxlen;
                     
                     if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                         pars++;
@@ -4850,23 +4874,296 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ SV * const pattern, U32 rx_flags)
                                 NULL, NULL, rx_flags, 0);
 }
 
+
+/* upgrade pattern pat_p of length plen_p to UTF8, and if there are code
+ * blocks, recalculate the indices. Update pat_p and plen_p in-place to
+ * point to the realloced string and length.
+ *
+ * This is essentially a copy of Perl_bytes_to_utf8() with the code index
+ * stuff added */
+
+static void
+S_pat_upgrade_to_utf8(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
+                   char **pat_p, STRLEN *plen_p, int num_code_blocks)
+{
+    U8 *const src = (U8*)*pat_p;
+    U8 *dst;
+    int n=0;
+    STRLEN s = 0, d = 0;
+    bool do_end = 0;
+    GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    DEBUG_PARSE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        "UTF8 mismatch! Converting to utf8 for resizing and compile\n"));
+
+    Newx(dst, *plen_p * 2 + 1, U8);
+
+    while (s < *plen_p) {
+        const UV uv = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(src[s]);
+        if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
+            dst[d]   = (U8)UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
+        else {
+            dst[d++] = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
+            dst[d]   = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
+        }
+        if (n < num_code_blocks) {
+            if (!do_end && pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start == s) {
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start = d;
+                assert(dst[d] == '(');
+                do_end = 1;
+            }
+            else if (do_end && pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].end == s) {
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].end = d;
+                assert(dst[d] == ')');
+                do_end = 0;
+                n++;
+            }
+        }
+        s++;
+        d++;
+    }
+    dst[d] = '\0';
+    *plen_p = d;
+    *pat_p = (char*) dst;
+    SAVEFREEPV(*pat_p);
+    RExC_orig_utf8 = RExC_utf8 = 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/* S_concat_pat(): concatenate a list of args to the pattern string pat,
+ * while recording any code block indices, and handling overloading,
+ * nested qr// objects etc.  If pat is null, it will allocate a new
+ * string, or just return the first arg, if there's only one.
+ *
+ * Returns the malloced/updated pat.
+ * patternp and pat_count is the array of SVs to be concatted;
+ * oplist is the optional list of ops that generated the SVs;
+ * recompile_p is a pointer to a boolean that will be set if
+ *   the regex will need to be recompiled.
+ * delim, if non-null is an SV that will be inserted between each element
+ */
+
+static SV*
+S_concat_pat(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
+                SV *pat, SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
+                OP *oplist, bool *recompile_p, SV *delim)
+{
+    SV **svp;
+    int n = 0;
+    bool use_delim = FALSE;
+    bool alloced = FALSE;
+
+    /* if we know we have at least two args, create an empty string,
+     * then concatenate args to that. For no args, return an empty string */
+    if (!pat && pat_count != 1) {
+        pat = newSVpvn("", 0);
+        SAVEFREESV(pat);
+        alloced = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    for (svp = patternp; svp < patternp + pat_count; svp++) {
+        SV *sv;
+        SV *rx  = NULL;
+        STRLEN orig_patlen = 0;
+        bool code = 0;
+        SV *msv = use_delim ? delim : *svp;
+
+        /* if we've got a delimiter, we go round the loop twice for each
+         * svp slot (except the last), using the delimiter the second
+         * time round */
+        if (use_delim) {
+            svp--;
+            use_delim = FALSE;
+        }
+        else if (delim)
+            use_delim = TRUE;
+
+        if (SvTYPE(msv) == SVt_PVAV) {
+            /* we've encountered an interpolated array within
+             * the pattern, e.g. /...@a..../. Expand the list of elements,
+             * then recursively append elements.
+             * The code in this block is based on S_pushav() */
+
+            AV *const av = (AV*)msv;
+            const I32 maxarg = AvFILL(av) + 1;
+            SV **array;
+
+            if (oplist) {
+                assert(oplist->op_type == OP_PADAV
+                    || oplist->op_type == OP_RV2AV); 
+                oplist = oplist->op_sibling;;
+            }
+
+            if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
+                U32 i;
+
+                Newx(array, maxarg, SV*);
+                SAVEFREEPV(array);
+                for (i=0; i < (U32)maxarg; i++) {
+                    SV ** const svp = av_fetch(av, i, FALSE);
+                    array[i] = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                array = AvARRAY(av);
+
+            pat = S_concat_pat(aTHX_ pRExC_state, pat,
+                                array, maxarg, NULL, recompile_p,
+                                /* $" */
+                                GvSV((gv_fetchpvs("\"", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV))));
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+
+        /* we make the assumption here that each op in the list of
+         * op_siblings maps to one SV pushed onto the stack,
+         * except for code blocks, with have both an OP_NULL and
+         * and OP_CONST.
+         * This allows us to match up the list of SVs against the
+         * list of OPs to find the next code block.
+         *
+         * Note that       PUSHMARK PADSV PADSV ..
+         * is optimised to
+         *                 PADRANGE PADSV  PADSV  ..
+         * so the alignment still works. */
+
+        if (oplist) {
+            if (oplist->op_type == OP_NULL
+                && (oplist->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL))
+            {
+                assert(n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start = pat ? SvCUR(pat) : 0;
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].block = oplist;
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].src_regex = NULL;
+                n++;
+                code = 1;
+                oplist = oplist->op_sibling; /* skip CONST */
+                assert(oplist);
+            }
+            oplist = oplist->op_sibling;;
+        }
+
+       /* apply magic and QR overloading to arg */
+
+        SvGETMAGIC(msv);
+        if (SvROK(msv) && SvAMAGIC(msv)) {
+            SV *sv = AMG_CALLunary(msv, regexp_amg);
+            if (sv) {
+                if (SvROK(sv))
+                    sv = SvRV(sv);
+                if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_REGEXP)
+                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP");
+                msv = sv;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* try concatenation overload ... */
+        if (pat && (SvAMAGIC(pat) || SvAMAGIC(msv)) &&
+                (sv = amagic_call(pat, msv, concat_amg, AMGf_assign)))
+        {
+            sv_setsv(pat, sv);
+            /* overloading involved: all bets are off over literal
+             * code. Pretend we haven't seen it */
+            pRExC_state->num_code_blocks -= n;
+            n = 0;
+        }
+        else  {
+            /* ... or failing that, try "" overload */
+            while (SvAMAGIC(msv)
+                    && (sv = AMG_CALLunary(msv, string_amg))
+                    && sv != msv
+                    &&  !(   SvROK(msv)
+                          && SvROK(sv)
+                          && SvRV(msv) == SvRV(sv))
+            ) {
+                msv = sv;
+                SvGETMAGIC(msv);
+            }
+            if (SvROK(msv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(msv)) == SVt_REGEXP)
+                msv = SvRV(msv);
+
+            if (pat) {
+                /* this is a partially unrolled
+                 *     sv_catsv_nomg(pat, msv);
+                 * that allows us to adjust code block indices if
+                 * needed */
+                STRLEN slen, dlen;
+                char *dst = SvPV_force_nomg(pat, dlen);
+                const char *src = SvPV_flags_const(msv, slen, 0);
+                orig_patlen = dlen;
+                if (SvUTF8(msv) && !SvUTF8(pat)) {
+                    S_pat_upgrade_to_utf8(aTHX_ pRExC_state, &dst, &dlen, n);
+                    sv_setpvn(pat, dst, dlen);
+                    SvUTF8_on(pat);
+                }
+                sv_catpvn_nomg(pat, src, slen);
+                rx = msv;
+            }
+            else
+                pat = msv;
+
+            if (code)
+                pRExC_state->code_blocks[n-1].end = SvCUR(pat)-1;
+        }
+
+        /* extract any code blocks within any embedded qr//'s */
+        if (rx && SvTYPE(rx) == SVt_REGEXP
+            && RX_ENGINE((REGEXP*)rx)->op_comp)
+        {
+
+            RXi_GET_DECL(ReANY((REGEXP *)rx), ri);
+            if (ri->num_code_blocks) {
+                int i;
+                /* the presence of an embedded qr// with code means
+                 * we should always recompile: the text of the
+                 * qr// may not have changed, but it may be a
+                 * different closure than last time */
+                *recompile_p = 1;
+                Renew(pRExC_state->code_blocks,
+                    pRExC_state->num_code_blocks + ri->num_code_blocks,
+                    struct reg_code_block);
+                pRExC_state->num_code_blocks += ri->num_code_blocks;
+
+                for (i=0; i < ri->num_code_blocks; i++) {
+                    struct reg_code_block *src, *dst;
+                    STRLEN offset =  orig_patlen
+                        + ReANY((REGEXP *)rx)->pre_prefix;
+                    assert(n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
+                    src = &ri->code_blocks[i];
+                    dst = &pRExC_state->code_blocks[n];
+                    dst->start     = src->start + offset;
+                    dst->end       = src->end   + offset;
+                    dst->block     = src->block;
+                    dst->src_regex  = (REGEXP*) SvREFCNT_inc( (SV*)
+                                            src->src_regex
+                                                ? src->src_regex
+                                                : (REGEXP*)rx);
+                    n++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /* avoid calling magic multiple times on a single element e.g. =~ $qr */
+    if (alloced)
+        SvSETMAGIC(pat);
+
+    return pat;
+}
+
+
+
 /* see if there are any run-time code blocks in the pattern.
  * False positives are allowed */
 
 static bool
-S_has_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state, OP *expr,
-                   U32 pm_flags, char *pat, STRLEN plen)
+S_has_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
+                   char *pat, STRLEN plen)
 {
     int n = 0;
     STRLEN s;
 
-    /* avoid infinitely recursing when we recompile the pattern parcelled up
-     * as qr'...'. A single constant qr// string can't have have any
-     * run-time component in it, and thus, no runtime code. (A non-qr
-     * string, however, can, e.g. $x =~ '(?{})') */
-    if  ((pm_flags & PMf_IS_QR) && expr && expr->op_type == OP_CONST)
-       return 0;
-
     for (s = 0; s < plen; s++) {
        if (n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks
            && s == pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start)
@@ -4980,11 +5277,10 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
        SAVETMPS;
        save_re_context();
        PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_REQUIRE);
-       /* this causes the toker to collapse \\ into \ when parsing
-        * qr''; normally only q'' does this. It also alters hints
-        * handling */
-       PL_reg_state.re_reparsing = TRUE;
-       eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
+        /* G_RE_REPARSING causes the toker to collapse \\ into \ when
+         * parsing qr''; normally only q'' does this. It also alters
+         * hints handling */
+       eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR|G_RE_REPARSING);
        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
        SPAGAIN;
        qr_ref = POPs;
@@ -5089,7 +5385,7 @@ STATIC bool
 S_setup_longest(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV* sv_longest, SV** rx_utf8, SV** rx_substr, I32* rx_end_shift, I32 lookbehind, I32 offset, I32 *minlen, STRLEN longest_length, bool eol, bool meol)
 {
     /* This is the common code for setting up the floating and fixed length
-     * string data extracted from Perlre_op_compile() below.  Returns a boolean
+     * string data extracted from Perl_re_op_compile() below.  Returns a boolean
      * as to whether succeeded or not */
 
     I32 t,ml;
@@ -5175,7 +5471,7 @@ S_setup_longest(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV* sv_longest, SV** rx_utf8, S
 
 REGEXP *
 Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
-                   OP *expr, const regexp_engine* eng, REGEXP *VOL old_re,
+                   OP *expr, const regexp_engine* eng, REGEXP *old_re,
                     bool *is_bare_re, U32 orig_rx_flags, U32 pm_flags)
 {
     dVAR;
@@ -5183,32 +5479,28 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     struct regexp *r;
     regexp_internal *ri;
     STRLEN plen;
-    char  * VOL exp;
-    char* xend;
+    char *exp;
     regnode *scan;
     I32 flags;
     I32 minlen = 0;
     U32 rx_flags;
-    SV * VOL pat;
-    SV * VOL code_blocksv = NULL;
+    SV *pat;
+    SV *code_blocksv = NULL;
+    SV** new_patternp = patternp;
 
     /* these are all flags - maybe they should be turned
      * into a single int with different bit masks */
     I32 sawlookahead = 0;
     I32 sawplus = 0;
     I32 sawopen = 0;
-    bool used_setjump = FALSE;
     regex_charset initial_charset = get_regex_charset(orig_rx_flags);
-    bool code_is_utf8 = 0;
-    bool VOL recompile = 0;
+    bool recompile = 0;
     bool runtime_code = 0;
-    U8 jump_ret = 0;
-    dJMPENV;
     scan_data_t data;
     RExC_state_t RExC_state;
     RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state = &RExC_state;
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT    
-    int restudied;
+    int restudied = 0;
     RExC_state_t copyRExC_state;
 #endif    
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
@@ -5288,241 +5580,89 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
     if (expr && (expr->op_type == OP_LIST ||
                (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_LIST))) {
-
-       /* is the source UTF8, and how many code blocks are there? */
+       /* allocate code_blocks if needed */
        OP *o;
        int ncode = 0;
 
-       for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
-           if (o->op_type == OP_CONST && SvUTF8(cSVOPo_sv))
-               code_is_utf8 = 1;
-           else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL))
-               /* count of DO blocks */
-               ncode++;
-       }
+       for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling)
+           if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL))
+               ncode++; /* count of DO blocks */
        if (ncode) {
            pRExC_state->num_code_blocks = ncode;
            Newx(pRExC_state->code_blocks, ncode, struct reg_code_block);
        }
     }
 
-    if (pat_count) {
-       /* handle a list of SVs */
+    if (!pat_count) {
+        /* compile-time pattern with just OP_CONSTs and DO blocks */
 
-       SV **svp;
+        int n;
+        OP *o;
 
-       /* apply magic and RE overloading to each arg */
-       for (svp = patternp; svp < patternp + pat_count; svp++) {
-           SV *rx = *svp;
-           SvGETMAGIC(rx);
-           if (SvROK(rx) && SvAMAGIC(rx)) {
-               SV *sv = AMG_CALLunary(rx, regexp_amg);
-               if (sv) {
-                   if (SvROK(sv))
-                       sv = SvRV(sv);
-                   if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_REGEXP)
-                       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP");
-                   *svp = sv;
-               }
-           }
-       }
+        /* find how many CONSTs there are */
+        assert(expr);
+        n = 0;
+        if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST)
+            n = 1;
+        else
+            for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
+                if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
+                    n++;
+            }
 
-       if (pat_count > 1) {
-           /* concat multiple args and find any code block indexes */
+        /* fake up an SV array */
 
-           OP *o = NULL;
-           int n = 0;
-           bool utf8 = 0;
-            STRLEN orig_patlen = 0;
+        assert(!new_patternp);
+        Newx(new_patternp, n, SV*);
+        SAVEFREEPV(new_patternp);
+        pat_count = n;
 
-           if (pRExC_state->num_code_blocks) {
-               o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
-               assert(   o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
-                       || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && o->op_targ == OP_PUSHMARK)
-                       || o->op_type == OP_PADRANGE);
-               o = o->op_sibling;
-           }
+        n = 0;
+        if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST)
+            new_patternp[n] = cSVOPx_sv(expr);
+        else
+            for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
+                if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
+                    new_patternp[n++] = cSVOPo_sv;
+            }
 
-           pat = newSVpvn("", 0);
-           SAVEFREESV(pat);
-
-           /* determine if the pattern is going to be utf8 (needed
-            * in advance to align code block indices correctly).
-            * XXX This could fail to be detected for an arg with
-            * overloading but not concat overloading; but the main effect
-            * in this obscure case is to need a 'use re eval' for a
-            * literal code block */
-           for (svp = patternp; svp < patternp + pat_count; svp++) {
-               if (SvUTF8(*svp))
-                   utf8 = 1;
-           }
-           if (utf8)
-               SvUTF8_on(pat);
-
-           for (svp = patternp; svp < patternp + pat_count; svp++) {
-               SV *sv, *msv = *svp;
-               SV *rx;
-               bool code = 0;
-                /* we make the assumption here that each op in the list of
-                 * op_siblings maps to one SV pushed onto the stack,
-                 * except for code blocks, with have both an OP_NULL and
-                 * and OP_CONST.
-                 * This allows us to match up the list of SVs against the
-                 * list of OPs to find the next code block.
-                 *
-                 * Note that       PUSHMARK PADSV PADSV ..
-                 * is optimised to
-                 *                 PADRANGE NULL  NULL  ..
-                 * so the alignment still works. */
-               if (o) {
-                   if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
-                       assert(n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
-                       pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start = SvCUR(pat);
-                       pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].block = o;
-                       pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].src_regex = NULL;
-                       n++;
-                       code = 1;
-                       o = o->op_sibling; /* skip CONST */
-                       assert(o);
-                   }
-                   o = o->op_sibling;;
-               }
+    }
 
-               if ((SvAMAGIC(pat) || SvAMAGIC(msv)) &&
-                       (sv = amagic_call(pat, msv, concat_amg, AMGf_assign)))
-               {
-                   sv_setsv(pat, sv);
-                   /* overloading involved: all bets are off over literal
-                    * code. Pretend we haven't seen it */
-                   pRExC_state->num_code_blocks -= n;
-                   n = 0;
-                    rx = NULL;
+    DEBUG_PARSE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        "Assembling pattern from %d elements%s\n", pat_count,
+            orig_rx_flags & RXf_SPLIT ? " for split" : ""));
 
-               }
-               else  {
-                    while (SvAMAGIC(msv)
-                            && (sv = AMG_CALLunary(msv, string_amg))
-                            && sv != msv
-                            &&  !(   SvROK(msv)
-                                  && SvROK(sv)
-                                  && SvRV(msv) == SvRV(sv))
-                    ) {
-                        msv = sv;
-                        SvGETMAGIC(msv);
-                    }
-                    if (SvROK(msv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(msv)) == SVt_REGEXP)
-                        msv = SvRV(msv);
-                    orig_patlen = SvCUR(pat);
-                    sv_catsv_nomg(pat, msv);
-                    rx = msv;
-                    if (code)
-                        pRExC_state->code_blocks[n-1].end = SvCUR(pat)-1;
-                }
+    /* set expr to the first arg op */
 
-               /* extract any code blocks within any embedded qr//'s */
-               if (rx && SvTYPE(rx) == SVt_REGEXP
-                   && RX_ENGINE((REGEXP*)rx)->op_comp)
-               {
+    if (pRExC_state->num_code_blocks
+         && expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
+    {
+            expr = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
+            assert(   expr->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
+                   || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_PUSHMARK)
+                   || expr->op_type == OP_PADRANGE);
+            expr = expr->op_sibling;
+    }
 
-                   RXi_GET_DECL(ReANY((REGEXP *)rx), ri);
-                   if (ri->num_code_blocks) {
-                       int i;
-                       /* the presence of an embedded qr// with code means
-                        * we should always recompile: the text of the
-                        * qr// may not have changed, but it may be a
-                        * different closure than last time */
-                       recompile = 1;
-                       Renew(pRExC_state->code_blocks,
-                           pRExC_state->num_code_blocks + ri->num_code_blocks,
-                           struct reg_code_block);
-                       pRExC_state->num_code_blocks += ri->num_code_blocks;
-                       for (i=0; i < ri->num_code_blocks; i++) {
-                           struct reg_code_block *src, *dst;
-                           STRLEN offset =  orig_patlen
-                               + ReANY((REGEXP *)rx)->pre_prefix;
-                           assert(n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
-                           src = &ri->code_blocks[i];
-                           dst = &pRExC_state->code_blocks[n];
-                           dst->start      = src->start + offset;
-                           dst->end        = src->end   + offset;
-                           dst->block      = src->block;
-                           dst->src_regex  = (REGEXP*) SvREFCNT_inc( (SV*)
-                                                   src->src_regex
-                                                       ? src->src_regex
-                                                       : (REGEXP*)rx);
-                           n++;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           SvSETMAGIC(pat);
-       }
-       else {
-            SV *sv;
-           pat = *patternp;
-            while (SvAMAGIC(pat)
-                    && (sv = AMG_CALLunary(pat, string_amg))
-                    && sv != pat)
-            {
-                pat = sv;
-                SvGETMAGIC(pat);
-            }
-        }
+    pat = S_concat_pat(aTHX_ pRExC_state, NULL, new_patternp, pat_count,
+                        expr, &recompile, NULL);
 
-       /* handle bare regex: foo =~ $re */
-       {
-           SV *re = pat;
-           if (SvROK(re))
-               re = SvRV(re);
-           if (SvTYPE(re) == SVt_REGEXP) {
-               if (is_bare_re)
-                   *is_bare_re = TRUE;
-               SvREFCNT_inc(re);
-               Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
-               return (REGEXP*)re;
-           }
-       }
-    }
-    else {
-       /* not a list of SVs, so must be a list of OPs */
-       assert(expr);
-       if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
-           int i = -1;
-           bool is_code = 0;
-           OP *o;
-
-           pat = newSVpvn("", 0);
-           SAVEFREESV(pat);
-           if (code_is_utf8)
-               SvUTF8_on(pat);
-
-           /* given a list of CONSTs and DO blocks in expr, append all
-            * the CONSTs to pat, and record the start and end of each
-            * code block in code_blocks[] (each DO{} op is followed by an
-            * OP_CONST containing the corresponding literal '(?{...})
-            * text)
-            */
-           for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
-               if (o->op_type == OP_CONST) {
-                   sv_catsv(pat, cSVOPo_sv);
-                   if (is_code) {
-                       pRExC_state->code_blocks[i].end = SvCUR(pat)-1;
-                       is_code = 0;
-                   }
-               }
-               else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
-                   assert(i+1 < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
-                   pRExC_state->code_blocks[++i].start = SvCUR(pat);
-                   pRExC_state->code_blocks[i].block = o;
-                   pRExC_state->code_blocks[i].src_regex = NULL;
-                   is_code = 1;
-               }
-           }
-       }
-       else {
-           assert(expr->op_type == OP_CONST);
-           pat = cSVOPx_sv(expr);
-       }
+    /* handle bare (possibly after overloading) regex: foo =~ $re */
+    {
+        SV *re = pat;
+        if (SvROK(re))
+            re = SvRV(re);
+        if (SvTYPE(re) == SVt_REGEXP) {
+            if (is_bare_re)
+                *is_bare_re = TRUE;
+            SvREFCNT_inc(re);
+            Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
+            DEBUG_PARSE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                "Precompiled pattern%s\n",
+                    orig_rx_flags & RXf_SPLIT ? " for split" : ""));
+
+            return (REGEXP*)re;
+        }
     }
 
     exp = SvPV_nomg(pat, plen);
@@ -5546,121 +5686,43 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     RExC_contains_locale = 0;
     pRExC_state->runtime_code_qr = NULL;
 
-    /****************** LONG JUMP TARGET HERE***********************/
-    /* Longjmp back to here if have to switch in midstream to utf8 */
-    if (! RExC_orig_utf8) {
-       JMPENV_PUSH(jump_ret);
-       used_setjump = TRUE;
-    }
-
-    if (jump_ret == 0) {    /* First time through */
-       xend = exp + plen;
-
-        DEBUG_COMPILE_r({
+    DEBUG_COMPILE_r({
             SV *dsv= sv_newmortal();
-            RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s, RExC_utf8,
-                dsv, exp, plen, 60);
+            RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s, RExC_utf8, dsv, exp, plen, 60);
             PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sCompiling REx%s %s\n",
-                           PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],s);
+                          PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],s);
         });
-    }
-    else {  /* longjumped back */
-       U8 *src, *dst;
-       int n=0;
-       STRLEN s = 0, d = 0;
-       bool do_end = 0;
-
-        /* If the cause for the longjmp was other than changing to utf8, pop
-         * our own setjmp, and longjmp to the correct handler */
-       if (jump_ret != UTF8_LONGJMP) {
-           JMPENV_POP;
-           JMPENV_JUMP(jump_ret);
-       }
 
-       GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS;
+  redo_first_pass:
+    /* we jump here if we upgrade the pattern to utf8 and have to
+     * recompile */
 
-        /* It's possible to write a regexp in ascii that represents Unicode
-        codepoints outside of the byte range, such as via \x{100}. If we
-        detect such a sequence we have to convert the entire pattern to utf8
-        and then recompile, as our sizing calculation will have been based
-        on 1 byte == 1 character, but we will need to use utf8 to encode
-        at least some part of the pattern, and therefore must convert the whole
-        thing.
-        -- dmq */
-        DEBUG_PARSE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "UTF8 mismatch! Converting to utf8 for resizing and compile\n"));
-
-       /* upgrade pattern to UTF8, and if there are code blocks,
-        * recalculate the indices.
-        * This is essentially an unrolled Perl_bytes_to_utf8() */
-
-       src = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(pat, plen);
-       Newx(dst, plen * 2 + 1, U8);
-
-       while (s < plen) {
-           const UV uv = NATIVE_TO_ASCII(src[s]);
-           if (UNI_IS_INVARIANT(uv))
-               dst[d]   = (U8)UTF_TO_NATIVE(uv);
-           else {
-               dst[d++] = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(uv);
-               dst[d]   = (U8)UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(uv);
-           }
-           if (n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks) {
-               if (!do_end && pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start == s) {
-                   pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].start = d;
-                   assert(dst[d] == '(');
-                   do_end = 1;
-               }
-               else if (do_end && pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].end == s) {
-                   pRExC_state->code_blocks[n].end = d;
-                   assert(dst[d] == ')');
-                   do_end = 0;
-                   n++;
-               }
-           }
-           s++;
-           d++;
-       }
-       dst[d] = '\0';
-       plen = d;
-       exp = (char*) dst;
-       xend = exp + plen;
-       SAVEFREEPV(exp);
-       RExC_orig_utf8 = RExC_utf8 = 1;
-    }
+    if ((pm_flags & PMf_USE_RE_EVAL)
+               /* this second condition covers the non-regex literal case,
+                * i.e.  $foo =~ '(?{})'. */
+               || (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME && (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
+    )
+       runtime_code = S_has_runtime_code(aTHX_ pRExC_state, exp, plen);
 
     /* return old regex if pattern hasn't changed */
+    /* XXX: note in the below we have to check the flags as well as the pattern.
+     *
+     * Things get a touch tricky as we have to compare the utf8 flag independently
+     * from the compile flags.
+     */
 
     if (   old_re
         && !recompile
-       && !!RX_UTF8(old_re) == !!RExC_utf8
+        && !!RX_UTF8(old_re) == !!RExC_utf8
+        && ( RX_COMPFLAGS(old_re) == ( orig_rx_flags & RXf_PMf_FLAGCOPYMASK ) )
        && RX_PRECOMP(old_re)
        && RX_PRELEN(old_re) == plen
-       && memEQ(RX_PRECOMP(old_re), exp, plen))
+        && memEQ(RX_PRECOMP(old_re), exp, plen)
+       && !runtime_code /* with runtime code, always recompile */ )
     {
-       /* with runtime code, always recompile */
-       runtime_code = S_has_runtime_code(aTHX_ pRExC_state, expr, pm_flags,
-                                           exp, plen);
-       if (!runtime_code) {
-           if (used_setjump) {
-               JMPENV_POP;
-           }
-           Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
-           return old_re;
-       }
+        Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
+        return old_re;
     }
-    else if ((pm_flags & PMf_USE_RE_EVAL)
-               /* this second condition covers the non-regex literal case,
-                * i.e.  $foo =~ '(?{})'. */
-               || ( !PL_reg_state.re_reparsing && IN_PERL_COMPILETIME
-                   && (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
-    )
-       runtime_code = S_has_runtime_code(aTHX_ pRExC_state, expr, pm_flags,
-                           exp, plen);
-
-#ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT
-    restudied = 0;
-#endif
 
     rx_flags = orig_rx_flags;
 
@@ -5685,7 +5747,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
        if (!S_compile_runtime_code(aTHX_ pRExC_state, exp, plen)) {
            /* whoops, we have a non-utf8 pattern, whilst run-time code
             * got compiled as utf8. Try again with a utf8 pattern */
-            JMPENV_JUMP(UTF8_LONGJMP);
+            S_pat_upgrade_to_utf8(aTHX_ pRExC_state, &exp, &plen,
+                                    pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
+            goto redo_first_pass;
        }
     }
     assert(!pRExC_state->runtime_code_qr);
@@ -5702,7 +5766,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     /* First pass: determine size, legality. */
     RExC_parse = exp;
     RExC_start = exp;
-    RExC_end = xend;
+    RExC_end = exp + plen;
     RExC_naughty = 0;
     RExC_npar = 1;
     RExC_nestroot = 0;
@@ -5733,7 +5797,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
        pRExC_state->code_blocks.  We cannot SAVEFREEPV it now, as we may
        need it to survive as long as the regexp (qr/(?{})/).
        We must check that code_blocksv is not already set, because we may
-       have longjmped back. */
+       have jumped back to restart the sizing pass. */
     if (pRExC_state->code_blocks && !code_blocksv) {
        code_blocksv = newSV_type(SVt_PV);
        SAVEFREESV(code_blocksv);
@@ -5741,17 +5805,24 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
        SvLEN_set(code_blocksv, 1); /*sufficient to make sv_clear free it*/
     }
     if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags,1) == NULL) {
-       RExC_precomp = NULL;
-       return(NULL);
+        /* It's possible to write a regexp in ascii that represents Unicode
+        codepoints outside of the byte range, such as via \x{100}. If we
+        detect such a sequence we have to convert the entire pattern to utf8
+        and then recompile, as our sizing calculation will have been based
+        on 1 byte == 1 character, but we will need to use utf8 to encode
+        at least some part of the pattern, and therefore must convert the whole
+        thing.
+        -- dmq */
+        if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+            S_pat_upgrade_to_utf8(aTHX_ pRExC_state, &exp, &plen,
+                                    pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
+            goto redo_first_pass;
+        }
+        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: reg returned NULL to re_op_compile for sizing pass, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
     }
     if (code_blocksv)
        SvLEN_set(code_blocksv,0); /* no you can't have it, sv_clear */
 
-    /* Here, finished first pass.  Get rid of any added setjmp */
-    if (used_setjump) {
-       JMPENV_POP;
-    }
-
     DEBUG_PARSE_r({
         PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
             "Required size %"IVdf" nodes\n"
@@ -5798,6 +5869,8 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     RXi_SET( r, ri );
     r->engine= eng;
     r->extflags = rx_flags;
+    RXp_COMPFLAGS(r) = orig_rx_flags & RXf_PMf_FLAGCOPYMASK;
+
     if (pm_flags & PMf_IS_QR) {
        ri->code_blocks = pRExC_state->code_blocks;
        ri->num_code_blocks = pRExC_state->num_code_blocks;
@@ -5906,7 +5979,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     RExC_flags = rx_flags;     /* don't let top level (?i) bleed */
     RExC_pm_flags = pm_flags;
     RExC_parse = exp;
-    RExC_end = xend;
+    RExC_end = exp + plen;
     RExC_naughty = 0;
     RExC_npar = 1;
     RExC_emit_start = ri->program;
@@ -5917,7 +5990,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*) RExC_emit++);
     if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags,1) == NULL) {
        ReREFCNT_dec(rx);   
-       return(NULL);
+        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: reg returned NULL to re_op_compile for generation pass, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
     }
     /* XXXX To minimize changes to RE engine we always allocate
        3-units-long substrs field. */
@@ -6301,7 +6374,7 @@ reStudy:
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_GPOS)
        r->extflags |= RXf_GPOS_SEEN;
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND)
-       r->extflags |= RXf_LOOKBEHIND_SEEN;
+        r->extflags |= RXf_NO_INPLACE_SUBST; /* inplace might break the lookbehind */
     if (pRExC_state->num_code_blocks)
        r->extflags |= RXf_EVAL_SEEN;
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_CANY)
@@ -6309,7 +6382,7 @@ reStudy:
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_VERBARG)
     {
        r->intflags |= PREGf_VERBARG_SEEN;
-       r->extflags |= RXf_MODIFIES_VARS;
+        r->extflags |= RXf_NO_INPLACE_SUBST; /* don't understand this! Yves */
     }
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_CUTGROUP)
        r->intflags |= PREGf_CUTGROUP_SEEN;
@@ -6320,27 +6393,22 @@ reStudy:
     else
         RXp_PAREN_NAMES(r) = NULL;
 
-#ifdef STUPID_PATTERN_CHECKS            
-    if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 0)
-        r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
-    if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 3 && memEQ("\\s+", RX_PRECOMP(rx), 3))
-        r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;
-    else if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 1 && RXp_PRECOMP(rx)[0] == '^')
-        r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
-#else
     {
         regnode *first = ri->program + 1;
         U8 fop = OP(first);
+        regnode *next = NEXTOPER(first);
+        U8 nop = OP(next);
 
-        if (PL_regkind[fop] == NOTHING && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
+        if (PL_regkind[fop] == NOTHING && nop == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
-        else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
+        else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && nop == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
-        else if (fop == PLUS && PL_regkind[OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == POSIXD && FLAGS(NEXTOPER(first)) == _CC_SPACE
-                            && OP(regnext(first)) == END)
-            r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;    
+        else if (fop == PLUS && PL_regkind[nop] == POSIXD && FLAGS(next) == _CC_SPACE && OP(regnext(first)) == END)
+            r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;
+        else if ( r->extflags & RXf_SPLIT && fop == EXACT && STR_LEN(first) == 1 && *(STRING(first)) == ' ' && OP(regnext(first)) == END )
+            r->extflags |= (RXf_SKIPWHITE|RXf_WHITE);
+
     }
-#endif
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     if (RExC_paren_names) {
         ri->name_list_idx = add_data( pRExC_state, 1, "a" );
@@ -8333,7 +8401,7 @@ S_parse_lparen_question_flags(pTHX_ struct RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 #define WASTED_O  0x01
 #define WASTED_G  0x02
 #define WASTED_C  0x04
-#define WASTED_GC (0x02|0x04)
+#define WASTED_GC (WASTED_G|WASTED_C)
     I32 wastedflags = 0x00;
     U32 posflags = 0, negflags = 0;
     U32 *flagsp = &posflags;
@@ -8527,9 +8595,17 @@ S_parse_lparen_question_flags(pTHX_ struct RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 #define REGTAIL_STUDY(x,y,z) regtail((x),(y),(z),depth+1)
 #endif
 
+/* Returns NULL, setting *flagp to TRYAGAIN at the end of (?) that only sets
+   flags. Returns NULL, setting *flagp to RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan
+   needs to be restarted.
+   Otherwise would only return NULL if regbranch() returns NULL, which
+   cannot happen.  */
 STATIC regnode *
 S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
-    /* paren: Parenthesized? 0=top, 1=(, inside: changed to letter. */
+    /* paren: Parenthesized? 0=top; 1,2=inside '(': changed to letter.
+     * 2 is like 1, but indicates that nextchar() has been called to advance
+     * RExC_parse beyond the '('.  Things like '(?' are indivisible tokens, and
+     * this flag alerts us to the need to check for that */
 {
     dVAR;
     regnode *ret;              /* Will be the head of the group. */
@@ -8557,6 +8633,13 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 
     /* Make an OPEN node, if parenthesized. */
     if (paren) {
+
+        /* Under /x, space and comments can be gobbled up between the '(' and
+         * here (if paren ==2).  The forms '(*VERB' and '(?...' disallow such
+         * intervening space, as the sequence is a token, and a token should be
+         * indivisible */
+        bool has_intervening_patws = paren == 2 && *(RExC_parse - 1) != '(';
+
         if ( *RExC_parse == '*') { /* (*VERB:ARG) */
            char *start_verb = RExC_parse;
            STRLEN verb_len = 0;
@@ -8564,6 +8647,10 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
            unsigned char op = 0;
            int argok = 1;
            int internal_argval = 0; /* internal_argval is only useful if !argok */
+
+            if (has_intervening_patws && SIZE_ONLY) {
+                ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse + 1, "In '(*VERB...)', splitting the initial '(*' is deprecated");
+            }
            while ( *RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')' ) {
                if ( *RExC_parse == ':' ) {
                    start_arg = RExC_parse + 1;
@@ -8665,6 +8752,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
        if (*RExC_parse == '?') { /* (?...) */
            bool is_logical = 0;
            const char * const seqstart = RExC_parse;
+            if (has_intervening_patws && SIZE_ONLY) {
+                ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse + 1, "In '(?...)', splitting the initial '(?' is deprecated");
+            }
 
            RExC_parse++;
            paren = *RExC_parse++;
@@ -8826,8 +8916,12 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
            case '@':           /* (?@...) */
                vFAIL2("Sequence (?%c...) not implemented", (int)paren);
                break;
-           case '#':           /* (?#...) */
-               while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')')
+            case '#':           /* (?#...) */
+                /* XXX As soon as we disallow separating the '?' and '*' (by
+                 * spaces or (?#...) comment), it is believed that this case
+                 * will be unreachable and can be removed.  See
+                 * [perl #117327] */
+                while (*RExC_parse && *RExC_parse != ')')
                    RExC_parse++;
                if (*RExC_parse != ')')
                    FAIL("Sequence (?#... not terminated");
@@ -8999,11 +9093,18 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                        || RExC_parse[1] == '<'
                        || RExC_parse[1] == '{') { /* Lookahead or eval. */
                        I32 flag;
+                        regnode *tail;
 
                        ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LOGICAL);
                        if (!SIZE_ONLY)
                            ret->flags = 1;
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flag,depth+1));
+                        
+                        tail = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flag, depth+1);
+                        if (flag & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                            *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, tail);
                        goto insert_if;
                    }
                }
@@ -9071,9 +9172,14 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                  insert_if:
                     REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state, IFTHEN, 0));
                     br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1,depth+1);
-                   if (br == NULL)
-                       br = reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, 0);
-                   else
+                   if (br == NULL) {
+                        if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                            *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                        FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                              (UV) flags);
+                    } else
                         REGTAIL(pRExC_state, br, reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, 0));
                    c = *nextchar(pRExC_state);
                    if (flags&HASWIDTH)
@@ -9082,7 +9188,14 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                        if (is_define) 
                            vFAIL("(?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches");
                        lastbr = reganode(pRExC_state, IFTHEN, 0); /* Fake one for optimizer. */
-                        regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1,depth+1);
+                        if (!regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1,depth+1)) {
+                            if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                                *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                                return NULL;
+                            }
+                            FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                                  (UV) flags);
+                        }
                         REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, lastbr);
                        if (flags&HASWIDTH)
                            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
@@ -9164,8 +9277,13 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 
     /*     branch_len = (paren != 0); */
 
-    if (br == NULL)
-       return(NULL);
+    if (br == NULL) {
+        if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+            *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
+    }
     if (*RExC_parse == '|') {
        if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_extralen) {
            reginsert(pRExC_state, BRANCHJ, br, depth+1);
@@ -9204,8 +9322,13 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
         }
         br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 0, depth+1);
 
-       if (br == NULL)
-           return(NULL);
+       if (br == NULL) {
+            if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
+        }
         REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, br);               /* BRANCH -> BRANCH. */
        lastbr = br;
        *flagp |= flags & (SPSTART | HASWIDTH | POSTPONED);
@@ -9217,7 +9340,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
        case ':':
            ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL);
            break;
-       case 1:
+       case 1: case 2:
            ender = reganode(pRExC_state, CLOSE, parno);
            if (!SIZE_ONLY && RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_RECURSE) {
                DEBUG_OPTIMISE_MORE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
@@ -9334,7 +9457,8 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 
     /* Check for proper termination. */
     if (paren) {
-       RExC_flags = oregflags;
+        /* restore original flags, but keep (?p) */
+       RExC_flags = oregflags | (RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY);
        if (RExC_parse >= RExC_end || *nextchar(pRExC_state) != ')') {
            RExC_parse = oregcomp_parse;
            vFAIL("Unmatched (");
@@ -9362,6 +9486,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
  - regbranch - one alternative of an | operator
  *
  * Implements the concatenation operator.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL, setting *flagp to RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan needs to be
+ * restarted.
  */
 STATIC regnode *
 S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first, U32 depth)
@@ -9401,7 +9528,11 @@ S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first, U32 depth)
        if (latest == NULL) {
            if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
                continue;
-           return(NULL);
+            if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            FAIL2("panic: regpiece returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
        }
        else if (ret == NULL)
            ret = latest;
@@ -9435,6 +9566,11 @@ S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first, U32 depth)
  * both the endmarker for their branch list and the body of the last branch.
  * It might seem that this node could be dispensed with entirely, but the
  * endmarker role is not redundant.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL, setting *flagp to TRYAGAIN if regatom() returns NULL with
+ * TRYAGAIN.
+ * Returns NULL, setting *flagp to RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan needs to be
+ * restarted.
  */
 STATIC regnode *
 S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
@@ -9463,8 +9599,10 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
     ret = regatom(pRExC_state, &flags,depth+1);
     if (ret == NULL) {
-       if (flags & TRYAGAIN)
-           *flagp |= TRYAGAIN;
+       if (flags & (TRYAGAIN|RESTART_UTF8))
+           *flagp |= flags & (TRYAGAIN|RESTART_UTF8);
+        else
+            FAIL2("panic: regatom returned NULL, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
        return(NULL);
     }
 
@@ -9694,7 +9832,10 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode** node_p, UV *valuep, I
 
    The function raises an error (via vFAIL), and doesn't return for various
    syntax errors.  Otherwise it returns TRUE and sets <node_p> or <valuep> on
-   success; it returns FALSE otherwise.
+   success; it returns FALSE otherwise. Returns FALSE, setting *flagp to
+   RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan needs to be restarted. Such a restart is
+   only possible if node_p is non-NULL.
+
 
    If <valuep> is non-null, it means the caller can accept an input sequence
    consisting of a just a single code point; <*valuep> is set to that value
@@ -9898,7 +10039,14 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode** node_p, UV *valuep, I
        /* The values are Unicode, and therefore not subject to recoding */
        RExC_override_recoding = 1;
 
-       *node_p = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flags, depth+1);
+       if (!(*node_p = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flags, depth+1))) {
+            if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            FAIL2("panic: reg returned NULL to grok_bslash_N, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                  (UV) flags);
+        } 
        *flagp |= flags&(HASWIDTH|SPSTART|SIMPLE|POSTPONED);
 
        RExC_parse = endbrace;
@@ -9984,8 +10132,9 @@ S_alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node, I32
      * additionally will populate the node's STRING with <code_point>, if <len>
      * is 0.  In both cases <*flagp> is appropriately set
      *
-     * It knows that under FOLD, UTF characters and the Latin Sharp S must be
-     * folded (the latter only when the rules indicate it can match 'ss') */
+     * It knows that under FOLD, the Latin Sharp S and UTF characters above
+     * 255, must be folded (the former only when the rules indicate it can
+     * match 'ss') */
 
     bool len_passed_in = cBOOL(len != 0);
     U8 character[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
@@ -9994,8 +10143,15 @@ S_alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node, I32
 
     if (! len_passed_in) {
         if (UTF) {
-            if (FOLD) {
-                to_uni_fold(NATIVE_TO_UNI(code_point), character, &len);
+            if (FOLD && (! LOC || code_point > 255)) {
+                _to_uni_fold_flags(NATIVE_TO_UNI(code_point),
+                                   character,
+                                   &len,
+                                   FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((LOC)
+                                                     ? FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE
+                                                     : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                                                       ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
+                                                       : 0));
             }
             else {
                 uvchr_to_utf8( character, code_point);
@@ -10098,6 +10254,12 @@ S_alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node, I32
    escape sequences, with the one for handling literal escapes requiring
    a dummy entry for all of the special escapes that are actually handled
    by the other.
+
+   Returns NULL, setting *flagp to TRYAGAIN if reg() returns NULL with
+   TRYAGAIN.  
+   Returns NULL, setting *flagp to RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan needs to be
+   restarted.
+   Otherwise does not return NULL.
 */
 
 STATIC regnode *
@@ -10165,13 +10327,19 @@ tryagain:
            RExC_parse = oregcomp_parse;
            vFAIL("Unmatched [");
        }
+        if (ret == NULL) {
+            if (*flagp & RESTART_UTF8)
+                return NULL;
+            FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to regatom, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                  (UV) *flagp);
+        }
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
         Set_Node_Length(ret, RExC_parse - oregcomp_parse + 1); /* MJD */
        break;
     }
     case '(':
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
-        ret = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flags,depth+1);
+        ret = reg(pRExC_state, 2, &flags,depth+1);
        if (ret == NULL) {
                if (flags & TRYAGAIN) {
                    if (RExC_parse == RExC_end) {
@@ -10181,7 +10349,11 @@ tryagain:
                    }
                    goto tryagain;
                }
-               return(NULL);
+                if (flags & RESTART_UTF8) {
+                    *flagp = RESTART_UTF8;
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                FAIL2("panic: reg returned NULL to regatom, flags=%#"UVxf"", (UV) flags);
        }
        *flagp |= flags&(HASWIDTH|SPSTART|SIMPLE|POSTPONED);
        break;
@@ -10373,6 +10545,11 @@ tryagain:
                                          It would be a bug if these returned
                                          non-portables */
                                NULL);
+                /* regclass() can only return RESTART_UTF8 if multi-char folds
+                   are allowed.  */
+                if (!ret)
+                    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to regatom, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                          (UV) *flagp);
 
                RExC_parse--;
 
@@ -10395,6 +10572,8 @@ tryagain:
             ++RExC_parse;
             if (! grok_bslash_N(pRExC_state, &ret, NULL, flagp, depth, FALSE,
                                 FALSE /* not strict */ )) {
+                if (*flagp & RESTART_UTF8)
+                    return NULL;
                 RExC_parse--;
                 goto defchar;
             }
@@ -10661,6 +10840,8 @@ tryagain:
                                             flagp, depth, FALSE,
                                             FALSE /* not strict */ ))
                         {
+                            if (*flagp & RESTART_UTF8)
+                                FAIL("panic: grok_bslash_N set RESTART_UTF8");
                             RExC_parse = p = oldp;
                             goto loopdone;
                         }
@@ -11219,8 +11400,7 @@ S_regpatws( RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, char *p , const bool recognize_comment )
 #define POSIXCC(c) (POSIXCC_DONE(c) || POSIXCC_NOTYET(c))
 
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE I32
-S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value, SV *free_me,
-                    const bool strict)
+S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value, const bool strict)
 {
     dVAR;
     I32 namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
@@ -11344,7 +11524,6 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value, SV *free_me,
                       the class closes */
                    while (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) && UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != ']')
                        RExC_parse++;
-                   SvREFCNT_dec(free_me);
                    vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
                }
            } else {
@@ -11484,13 +11663,18 @@ S_handle_regex_sets(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV** return_invlist, I32 *f
                         RExC_parse++;
                     }
 
-                    (void) regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
-                                    is_posix_class, /* parse the whole char
-                                                       class only if not a
-                                                       posix class */
-                                    FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
-                                    TRUE, /* silence non-portable warnings. */
-                                    &current);
+                    /* regclass() can only return RESTART_UTF8 if multi-char
+                       folds are allowed.  */
+                    if (!regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
+                                  is_posix_class, /* parse the whole char
+                                                     class only if not a
+                                                     posix class */
+                                  FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
+                                  TRUE, /* silence non-portable warnings. */
+                                  &current))
+                        FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to handle_sets, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                              (UV) *flagp);
+
                     /* function call leaves parse pointing to the ']', except
                      * if we faked it */
                     if (is_posix_class) {
@@ -11647,12 +11831,15 @@ S_handle_regex_sets(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV** return_invlist, I32 *f
                 vFAIL("Unexpected character");
 
             case '\\':
-                (void) regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
-                                TRUE, /* means parse just the next thing */
-                                FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
-                                FALSE, /* don't silence non-portable warnings.
-                                        */
-                                &current);
+                /* regclass() can only return RESTART_UTF8 if multi-char
+                   folds are allowed.  */
+                if (!regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
+                              TRUE, /* means parse just the next thing */
+                              FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
+                              FALSE, /* don't silence non-portable warnings.  */
+                              &current))
+                    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to handle_sets, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                          (UV) *flagp);
                 /* regclass() will return with parsing just the \ sequence,
                  * leaving the parse pointer at the next thing to parse */
                 RExC_parse--;
@@ -11666,13 +11853,16 @@ S_handle_regex_sets(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV** return_invlist, I32 *f
                     RExC_parse++;
                 }
 
-                (void) regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
-                                is_posix_class, /* parse the whole char class
-                                                   only if not a posix class */
-                                FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
-                                FALSE, /* don't silence non-portable warnings.
-                                        */
-                                &current);
+                /* regclass() can only return RESTART_UTF8 if multi-char
+                   folds are allowed.  */
+                if(!regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
+                             is_posix_class, /* parse the whole char class
+                                                only if not a posix class */
+                             FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
+                             FALSE, /* don't silence non-portable warnings.  */
+                             &current))
+                    FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to handle_sets, flags=%#"UVxf"",
+                          (UV) *flagp);
                 /* function call leaves parse pointing to the ']', except if we
                  * faked it */
                 if (is_posix_class) {
@@ -11852,6 +12042,8 @@ S_handle_regex_sets(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV** return_invlist, I32 *f
      * already has all folding taken into consideration, and we don't want
      * regclass() to add to that */
     RExC_flags &= ~RXf_PMf_FOLD;
+    /* regclass() can only return RESTART_UTF8 if multi-char folds are allowed.
+     */
     node = regclass(pRExC_state, flagp,depth+1,
                     FALSE, /* means parse the whole char class */
                     FALSE, /* don't allow multi-char folds */
@@ -11859,6 +12051,9 @@ S_handle_regex_sets(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, SV** return_invlist, I32 *f
                              well have generated non-portable code points, but
                              they're valid on this machine */
                     NULL);
+    if (!node)
+        FAIL2("panic: regclass returned NULL to handle_sets, flags=%#"UVxf,
+                    PTR2UV(flagp));
     if (save_fold) {
         RExC_flags |= RXf_PMf_FOLD;
     }
@@ -11908,7 +12103,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
      * corresponding bit set if that character is in the list.  For characters
      * above 255, a range list or swash is used.  There are extra bits for \w,
      * etc. in locale ANYOFs, as what these match is not determinable at
-     * compile time */
+     * compile time
+     *
+     * Returns NULL, setting *flagp to RESTART_UTF8 if the sizing scan needs
+     * to be restarted.  This can only happen if ret_invlist is non-NULL.
+     */
 
     dVAR;
     UV prevvalue = OOB_UNICODE, save_prevvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
@@ -11994,8 +12193,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
        if (LOC) {
            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
        }
-       listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
+       listsv = newSVpvs_flags("# comment\n", SVs_TEMP);
        initial_listsv_len = SvCUR(listsv);
+        SvTEMP_off(listsv); /* Grr, TEMPs and mortals are conflated.  */
     }
 
     if (skip_white) {
@@ -12023,12 +12223,10 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
            s++;
        if (*s && c == *s && s[1] == ']') {
            SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);
-           SAVEFREESV(listsv);
            ckWARN3reg(s+2,
                       "POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes",
                       c, c);
            (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
-           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
        }
     }
 
@@ -12080,7 +12278,7 @@ parseit:
             && RExC_parse < RExC_end
             && POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse)))
         {
-            namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value, listsv, strict);
+            namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value, strict);
         }
         else if (value == '\\') {
            if (UTF) {
@@ -12125,6 +12323,8 @@ parseit:
                                       TRUE, /* => charclass */
                                       strict))
                     {
+                        if (*flagp & RESTART_UTF8)
+                            FAIL("panic: grok_bslash_N set RESTART_UTF8");
                         goto parseit;
                     }
                 }
@@ -12318,7 +12518,6 @@ parseit:
                     value = grok_oct(--RExC_parse, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
                    RExC_parse += numlen;
                     if (numlen != 3) {
-                        SAVEFREESV(listsv); /* In case warnings are fatalized */
                         if (strict) {
                             RExC_parse += (UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(RExC_parse) : 1;
                             vFAIL("Need exactly 3 octal digits");
@@ -12335,7 +12534,6 @@ parseit:
                                  form_short_octal_warning(RExC_parse, numlen));
                             (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
                         }
-                        SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
                     }
                    if (PL_encoding && value < 0x100)
                        goto recode_encoding;
@@ -12359,7 +12557,6 @@ parseit:
            default:
                /* Allow \_ to not give an error */
                if (!SIZE_ONLY && isWORDCHAR(value) && value != '_') {
-                   SAVEFREESV(listsv);
                     if (strict) {
                         vFAIL2("Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class",
                                (int)value);
@@ -12371,7 +12568,6 @@ parseit:
                             (int)value);
                         (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
                     }
-                   SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
                }
                break;
            }   /* End of switch on char following backslash */
@@ -12417,7 +12613,6 @@ parseit:
                    const int w = (RExC_parse >= rangebegin)
                                   ? RExC_parse - rangebegin
                                   : 0;
-                   SAVEFREESV(listsv); /* in case of fatal warnings */
                     if (strict) {
                         vFAIL4("False [] range \"%*.*s\"", w, w, rangebegin);
                     }
@@ -12430,7 +12625,6 @@ parseit:
                         cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, '-');
                         cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, prevvalue);
                     }
-                    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
                }
 
                range = 0; /* this was not a true range */
@@ -12872,7 +13066,7 @@ parseit:
 #ifndef EBCDIC
             cp_list = _add_range_to_invlist(cp_list, prevvalue, value);
 #else
-            UV* this_range = _new_invlist(1);
+            SV* this_range = _new_invlist(1);
             _append_range_to_invlist(this_range, prevvalue, value);
 
             /* In EBCDIC, the ranges 'A-Z' and 'a-z' are each not contiguous.
@@ -12887,8 +13081,8 @@ parseit:
                 && (prevvalue >= 'a' && value <= 'z')
                     || (prevvalue >= 'A' && value <= 'Z'))
             {
-                _invlist_intersection(this_range, PL_ASCII, &this_range, );
-                _invlist_intersection(this_range, PL_Alpha, &this_range, );
+                _invlist_intersection(this_range, PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHA],
+                                      &this_range);
             }
             _invlist_union(cp_list, this_range, &cp_list);
             literal_endpoint = 0;
@@ -12966,13 +13160,12 @@ parseit:
 
        ret = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &reg_flags, depth+1);
 
-       *flagp |= reg_flags&(HASWIDTH|SIMPLE|SPSTART|POSTPONED);
+       *flagp |= reg_flags&(HASWIDTH|SIMPLE|SPSTART|POSTPONED|RESTART_UTF8);
 
        RExC_parse = save_parse;
        RExC_end = save_end;
        RExC_in_multi_char_class = 0;
         SvREFCNT_dec_NN(multi_char_matches);
-        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -13130,7 +13323,6 @@ parseit:
             RExC_parse = (char *) cur_parse;
 
             SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
-            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
             SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
             return ret;
         }
@@ -13498,7 +13690,7 @@ parseit:
         else {
             RExC_emit = orig_emit;
         }
-        return END;
+        return orig_emit;
     }
 
     /* If we didn't do folding, it's because some information isn't available
@@ -13632,7 +13824,6 @@ parseit:
             }
 
             SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
-            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
             return ret;
         }
     }
@@ -13720,7 +13911,6 @@ parseit:
        && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
        ARG_SET(ret, ANYOF_NONBITMAP_EMPTY);
-       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
     }
     else {
        /* av[0] stores the character class description in its textual form:
@@ -13737,8 +13927,7 @@ parseit:
        SV *rv;
 
        av_store(av, 0, (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
-                       ? listsv
-                       : (SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv), &PL_sv_undef));
+                       ? SvREFCNT_inc(listsv) : &PL_sv_undef);
        if (swash) {
            av_store(av, 1, swash);
            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
@@ -14986,10 +15175,6 @@ Perl_re_dup_guts(pTHX_ const REGEXP *sstr, REGEXP *dstr, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
     npar = r->nparens+1;
     Newx(ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
     Copy(r->offs, ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
-    if(ret->swap) {
-        /* no need to copy these */
-        Newx(ret->swap, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
-    }
 
     if (ret->substrs) {
        /* Do it this way to avoid reading from *r after the StructCopy().
@@ -15301,8 +15486,11 @@ S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
 
        EO, or Eight Ones, is an 8-bit EBCDIC character code represented as all
        ones (binary 1111 1111, hexadecimal FF). It is similar, but not
-       identical, to the ASCII delete (DEL) or rubout control character.
-       ) So the old condition can be simplified to !isPRINT(c)  */
+       identical, to the ASCII delete (DEL) or rubout control character. ...
+       it is typically mapped to hexadecimal code 9F, in order to provide a
+       unique character mapping in both directions)
+
+       So the old condition can be simplified to !isPRINT(c)  */
     if (!isPRINT(c)) {
        if (c < 256) {
            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\x%02x", c);