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regcomp.c: Fix <if> condition
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index f9dc26c..744bbd3 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 #define        WORST           0       /* Worst case. */
 #define        HASWIDTH        0x01    /* Known to match non-null strings. */
 
-/* Simple enough to be STAR/PLUS operand, in an EXACT node must be a single
+/* Simple enough to be STAR/PLUS operand; in an EXACT node must be a single
  * character, and if utf8, must be invariant.  Note that this is not the same
  * thing as REGNODE_SIMPLE */
 #define        SIMPLE          0x02
@@ -398,14 +398,18 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
 #define UNI_SEMANTICS (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET)
 #define AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) >= REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET)
 #define ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
-#define MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
 #define AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) >= REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
+#define ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED (get_regex_charset(RExC_flags) == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET)
 
 #define FOLD cBOOL(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_FOLD)
 
-#define OOB_UNICODE            12345678
 #define OOB_NAMEDCLASS         -1
 
+/* There is no code point that is out-of-bounds, so this is problematic.  But
+ * its only current use is to initialize a variable that is always set before
+ * looked at. */
+#define OOB_UNICODE            0xDEADBEEF
+
 #define CHR_SVLEN(sv) (UTF ? sv_len_utf8(sv) : SvCUR(sv))
 #define CHR_DIST(a,b) (UTF ? utf8_distance(a,b) : a - b)
 
@@ -2630,9 +2634,9 @@ S_make_trie_failtable(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *source,  regnode
  *      problematic sequences.  This delta is used by the caller to adjust the
  *      min length of the match, and the delta between min and max, so that the
  *      optimizer doesn't reject these possibilities based on size constraints.
- * 2)   These sequences are not currently correctly handled by the trie code
- *      either, so it changes the joined node type to ops that are not handled
- *      by trie's, those new ops being EXACTFU_SS and EXACTFU_TRICKYFOLD.
+ * 2)   These sequences require special handling by the trie code, so it
+ *      changes the joined node type to ops for the trie's benefit, those new
+ *      ops being EXACTFU_SS and EXACTFU_TRICKYFOLD.
  * 3)   This is sufficient for the two Greek sequences (described below), but
  *      the one involving the Sharp s (\xDF) needs more.  The node type
  *      EXACTFU_SS is used for an EXACTFU node that contains at least one "ss"
@@ -5307,9 +5311,6 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
        PL_L1PosixGraph = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixGraph_invlist);
        PL_PosixGraph = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixGraph_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixAlnum = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixAlnum_invlist);
-       PL_PosixAlnum = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlnum_invlist);
-
        PL_L1PosixLower = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixLower_invlist);
        PL_PosixLower = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixLower_invlist);
 
@@ -7433,7 +7434,6 @@ Perl__invlist_populate_swatch(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV start, const UV
     return;
 }
 
-
 void
 Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool complement_b, SV** output)
 {
@@ -7938,6 +7938,18 @@ Perl__add_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV start, const UV end)
 
 #endif
 
+STATIC bool
+S__invlist_contains_cp(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV cp)
+{
+    /* Does <invlist> contain code point <cp> as part of the set? */
+
+    IV index = invlist_search(invlist, cp);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_CONTAINS_CP;
+
+    return index >= 0 && ELEMENT_RANGE_MATCHES_INVLIST(index);
+}
+
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE SV*
 S_add_cp_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV cp) {
     return _add_range_to_invlist(invlist, cp, cp);
@@ -8095,6 +8107,36 @@ S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
+S_invlist_highest(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
+{
+    /* Returns the highest code point that matches an inversion list.  This API
+     * has an ambiguity, as it returns 0 under either the highest is actually
+     * 0, or if the list is empty.  If this distinction matters to you, check
+     * for emptiness before calling this function */
+
+    UV len = invlist_len(invlist);
+    UV *array;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_HIGHEST;
+
+    if (len == 0) {
+       return 0;
+    }
+
+    array = invlist_array(invlist);
+
+    /* The last element in the array in the inversion list always starts a
+     * range that goes to infinity.  That range may be for code points that are
+     * matched in the inversion list, or it may be for ones that aren't
+     * matched.  In the latter case, the highest code point in the set is one
+     * less than the beginning of this range; otherwise it is the final element
+     * of this range: infinity */
+    return (ELEMENT_RANGE_MATCHES_INVLIST(len - 1))
+           ? UV_MAX
+           : array[len - 1] - 1;
+}
+
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 SV *
 Perl__invlist_contents(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
@@ -8150,6 +8192,77 @@ S_invlist_dump(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const char * const header)
 }
 #endif
 
+#if 0
+bool
+S__invlistEQ(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool complement_b)
+{
+    /* Return a boolean as to if the two passed in inversion lists are
+     * identical.  The final argument, if TRUE, says to take the complement of
+     * the second inversion list before doing the comparison */
+
+    UV* array_a = invlist_array(a);
+    UV* array_b = invlist_array(b);
+    UV len_a = invlist_len(a);
+    UV len_b = invlist_len(b);
+
+    UV i = 0;              /* current index into the arrays */
+    bool retval = TRUE;     /* Assume are identical until proven otherwise */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLISTEQ;
+
+    /* If are to compare 'a' with the complement of b, set it
+     * up so are looking at b's complement. */
+    if (complement_b) {
+
+        /* The complement of nothing is everything, so <a> would have to have
+         * just one element, starting at zero (ending at infinity) */
+        if (len_b == 0) {
+            return (len_a == 1 && array_a[0] == 0);
+        }
+        else if (array_b[0] == 0) {
+
+            /* Otherwise, to complement, we invert.  Here, the first element is
+             * 0, just remove it.  To do this, we just pretend the array starts
+             * one later, and clear the flag as we don't have to do anything
+             * else later */
+
+            array_b++;
+            len_b--;
+            complement_b = FALSE;
+        }
+        else {
+
+            /* But if the first element is not zero, we unshift a 0 before the
+             * array.  The data structure reserves a space for that 0 (which
+             * should be a '1' right now), so physical shifting is unneeded,
+             * but temporarily change that element to 0.  Before exiting the
+             * routine, we must restore the element to '1' */
+            array_b--;
+            len_b++;
+            array_b[0] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure that the lengths are the same, as well as the final element
+     * before looping through the remainder.  (Thus we test the length, final,
+     * and first elements right off the bat) */
+    if (len_a != len_b || array_a[len_a-1] != array_b[len_a-1]) {
+        retval = FALSE;
+    }
+    else for (i = 0; i < len_a - 1; i++) {
+        if (array_a[i] != array_b[i]) {
+            retval = FALSE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (complement_b) {
+        array_b[0] = 1;
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+#endif
+
 #undef HEADER_LENGTH
 #undef INVLIST_INITIAL_LENGTH
 #undef TO_INTERNAL_SIZE
@@ -8357,7 +8470,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                   ((! FOLD)
                                     ? NREF
-                                    : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                    : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                       ? NREFFA
                                        : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
                                          ? NREFFU
@@ -9705,6 +9818,81 @@ S_reg_recode(pTHX_ const char value, SV **encp)
     return uv;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE U8
+S_compute_EXACTish(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
+{
+    U8 op;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COMPUTE_EXACTISH;
+
+    if (! FOLD) {
+        return EXACT;
+    }
+
+    op = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+    if (op >= REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
+        op--; /* /a is same as /u, and map /aa's offset to what /a's would have
+                 been, so there is no hole */
+    }
+
+    return op + EXACTF;
+}
+
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node, STRLEN len, UV code_point)
+{
+    /* This knows the details about sizing an EXACTish node, and potentially
+     * populating it with a single character.  If <len> is non-zero, it assumes
+     * that the node has already been populated, and just does the sizing,
+     * ignoring <code_point>.  Otherwise it looks at <code_point> and
+     * calculates what <len> should be.  In pass 1, it sizes the node
+     * appropriately.  In pass 2, it additionally will populate the node's
+     * STRING with <code_point>, if <len> is 0.
+     *
+     * It knows that under FOLD, UTF characters and the Latin Sharp S must be
+     * folded (the latter only when the rules indicate it can match 'ss') */
+
+    bool len_passed_in = cBOOL(len != 0);
+    U8 character[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOC_MAYBE_POPULATE_EXACT;
+
+    if (! len_passed_in) {
+        if (UTF) {
+            if (FOLD) {
+                to_uni_fold(NATIVE_TO_UNI(code_point), character, &len);
+            }
+            else {
+                uvchr_to_utf8( character, code_point);
+                len = UTF8SKIP(character);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (! FOLD
+                 || code_point != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
+                 || ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED
+                 || ! AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
+        {
+            *character = (U8) code_point;
+            len = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            *character = 's';
+            *(character + 1) = 's';
+            len = 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+        RExC_size += STR_SZ(len);
+    }
+    else {
+        RExC_emit += STR_SZ(len);
+        STR_LEN(node) = len;
+        if (! len_passed_in) {
+            Copy((char *) character, STRING(node), len, char);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 /*
  - regatom - the lowest level
@@ -10082,7 +10270,7 @@ tryagain:
                 ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                ((! FOLD)
                                  ? NREF
-                                : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                   ? NREFFA
                                    : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
                                      ? NREFFU
@@ -10153,7 +10341,7 @@ tryagain:
                    ret = reganode(pRExC_state,
                                   ((! FOLD)
                                     ? REF
-                                    : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                    : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                       ? REFFA
                                        : (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS)
                                          ? REFFU
@@ -10210,18 +10398,7 @@ tryagain:
            bool is_exactfu_sharp_s;
 
            ender = 0;
-            if (! FOLD) {
-                node_type = EXACT;
-            }
-            else {
-                node_type = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-                if (node_type >= REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                    node_type--; /* /a is same as /u, and map /aa's offset to
-                                    what /a's would have been, so there is no
-                                    hole */
-                }
-                node_type += EXACTF;
-            }
+            node_type = compute_EXACTish(pRExC_state);
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, node_type);
            s = STRING(ret);
 
@@ -10472,7 +10649,7 @@ tryagain:
                        *tmpbuf = (U8) ender;
                        foldlen = 1;
                    }
-                   else if (! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED && ! LOC) {
+                   else if (! ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED && ! LOC) {
 
                        /* Locale and /aa require more selectivity about the
                         * fold, so are handled below.  Otherwise, here, just
@@ -10604,12 +10781,7 @@ tryagain:
            if (len == 1 && UNI_IS_INVARIANT(ender))
                *flagp |= SIMPLE;
 
-           if (SIZE_ONLY)
-               RExC_size += STR_SZ(len);
-           else {
-               STR_LEN(ret) = len;
-               RExC_emit += STR_SZ(len);
-            }
+            alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pRExC_state, ret, len, 0);
        }
        break;
     }
@@ -10689,7 +10861,7 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
                    switch (skip) {
                    case 4:
                        if (memEQ(posixcc, "word", 4)) /* this is not POSIX, this is the Perl \w */
-                           namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NALNUM : ANYOF_ALNUM;
+                           namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUM;
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        /* Names all of length 5.  */
@@ -10699,57 +10871,63 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
                        switch (posixcc[4]) {
                        case 'a':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "alph", 4)) /* alpha */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NALPHA : ANYOF_ALPHA;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_ALPHA;
                            break;
                        case 'e':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "spac", 4)) /* space */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NPSXSPC : ANYOF_PSXSPC;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_PSXSPC;
                            break;
                        case 'h':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "grap", 4)) /* graph */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NGRAPH : ANYOF_GRAPH;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_GRAPH;
                            break;
                        case 'i':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "asci", 4)) /* ascii */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NASCII : ANYOF_ASCII;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_ASCII;
                            break;
                        case 'k':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "blan", 4)) /* blank */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NBLANK : ANYOF_BLANK;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_BLANK;
                            break;
                        case 'l':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "cntr", 4)) /* cntrl */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NCNTRL : ANYOF_CNTRL;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_CNTRL;
                            break;
                        case 'm':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "alnu", 4)) /* alnum */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NALNUMC : ANYOF_ALNUMC;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUMC;
                            break;
                        case 'r':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "lowe", 4)) /* lower */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NLOWER : ANYOF_LOWER;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_LOWER;
                            else if (memEQ(posixcc, "uppe", 4)) /* upper */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NUPPER : ANYOF_UPPER;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_UPPER;
                            break;
                        case 't':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "digi", 4)) /* digit */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NDIGIT : ANYOF_DIGIT;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_DIGIT;
                            else if (memEQ(posixcc, "prin", 4)) /* print */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NPRINT : ANYOF_PRINT;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_PRINT;
                            else if (memEQ(posixcc, "punc", 4)) /* punct */
-                               namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NPUNCT : ANYOF_PUNCT;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_PUNCT;
                            break;
                        }
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        if (memEQ(posixcc, "xdigit", 6))
-                           namedclass = complement ? ANYOF_NXDIGIT : ANYOF_XDIGIT;
+                           namedclass = ANYOF_XDIGIT;
                        break;
                    }
 
                    if (namedclass == OOB_NAMEDCLASS)
                        Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX class [:%.*s:] unknown",
                                      t - s - 1, s + 1);
+
+                    /* The #defines are structured so each complement is +1 to
+                     * the normal one */
+                    if (complement) {
+                        namedclass++;
+                    }
                    assert (posixcc[skip] == ':');
                    assert (posixcc[skip+1] == ']');
                } else if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
@@ -10880,7 +11058,7 @@ S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
  *                determined at run-time
  * run_time_list  is a SV* that contains text names of properties that are to
  *                be computed at run time.  This concatenates <Xpropertyname>
- *                to it, apppropriately
+ *                to it, appropriately
  * This is essentially DO_POSIX, but we know only the Latin1 values at compile
  * time */
 #define DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(node, class, destlist, sourcelist,      \
@@ -10906,16 +11084,18 @@ S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
     }
 
 /* Like DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN, but for the complement.  A combination of
- * this and DO_N_POSIX */
+ * this and DO_N_POSIX.  Sets <matches_above_unicode> only if it can; unchanged
+ * otherwise */
 #define DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(node, class, destlist, sourcelist,    \
-                              l1_sourcelist, Xpropertyname, run_time_list) \
+       l1_sourcelist, Xpropertyname, run_time_list, matches_above_unicode) \
     if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                       \
         _invlist_union_complement_2nd(destlist, sourcelist, &destlist);    \
     }                                                                      \
     else {                                                                 \
         Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ run_time_list, "!utf8::%s\n", Xpropertyname); \
+        matches_above_unicode = TRUE;                                      \
        if (LOC) {                                                         \
-           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, namedclass);                             \
+            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, namedclass);                            \
        }                                                                  \
        else {                                                             \
             SV* scratch_list = NULL;                                       \
@@ -10951,6 +11131,15 @@ S_add_alternate(pTHX_ AV** alternate_ptr, U8* string, STRLEN len)
     return;
 }
 
+/* The names of properties whose definitions are not known at compile time are
+ * stored in this SV, after a constant heading.  So if the length has been
+ * changed since initialization, then there is a run-time definition. */
+#define HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION (SvCUR(listsv) != initial_listsv_len)
+
+/* This converts the named class defined in regcomp.h to its equivalent class
+ * number defined in handy.h. */
+#define namedclass_to_classnum(class)  ((class) / 2)
+
 /*
    parse a class specification and produce either an ANYOF node that
    matches the pattern or perhaps will be optimized into an EXACTish node
@@ -10963,12 +11152,12 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
 {
     dVAR;
     register UV nextvalue;
-    register IV prevvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
+    register UV prevvalue = OOB_UNICODE;
     register IV range = 0;
     UV value = 0; /* XXX:dmq: needs to be referenceable (unfortunately) */
     register regnode *ret;
     STRLEN numlen;
-    IV namedclass;
+    IV namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
     char *rangebegin = NULL;
     bool need_class = 0;
     bool allow_full_fold = TRUE;   /* Assume wants multi-char folding */
@@ -10976,17 +11165,12 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
     STRLEN initial_listsv_len = 0; /* Kind of a kludge to see if it is more
                                      than just initialized.  */
     SV* properties = NULL;    /* Code points that match \p{} \P{} */
+    SV* posixes = NULL;     /* Code points that match classes like, [:word:],
+                               extended beyond the Latin1 range */
     UV element_count = 0;   /* Number of distinct elements in the class.
                               Optimizations may be possible if this is tiny */
     UV n;
 
-    /* Certain named classes have equivalents that can appear outside a
-     * character class, e.g. \w.  These flags are set for these classes.  The
-     * first flag indicates the op depends on the character set modifier, like
-     * /d, /u....  The second is for those that don't have this dependency. */
-    bool has_special_charset_op = FALSE;
-    bool has_special_non_charset_op = FALSE;
-
     /* Unicode properties are stored in a swash; this holds the current one
      * being parsed.  If this swash is the only above-latin1 component of the
      * character class, an optimization is to pass it directly on to the
@@ -10997,7 +11181,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
 
     /* Set if a component of this character class is user-defined; just passed
      * on to the engine */
-    UV has_user_defined_property = 0;
+    bool has_user_defined_property = FALSE;
 
     /* inversion list of code points this node matches only when the target
      * string is in UTF-8.  (Because is under /d) */
@@ -11016,10 +11200,16 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
     UV literal_endpoint = 0;
 #endif
     UV stored = 0;  /* how many chars stored in the bitmap */
+    bool invert = FALSE;    /* Is this class to be complemented */
+
+    /* Is there any thing like \W or [:^digit:] that matches above the legal
+     * Unicode range? */
+    bool runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode = FALSE;
 
     regnode * const orig_emit = RExC_emit; /* Save the original RExC_emit in
         case we need to change the emitted regop to an EXACT. */
     const char * orig_parse = RExC_parse;
+    const I32 orig_size = RExC_size;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGCLASS;
@@ -11040,8 +11230,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
     if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {  /* Complement of range. */
        RExC_naughty++;
        RExC_parse++;
-       if (!SIZE_ONLY)
-           ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_INVERT;
+        invert = TRUE;
 
         /* We have decided to not allow multi-char folds in inverted character
         * classes, due to the confusion that can happen, especially with
@@ -11063,7 +11252,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
        if (LOC) {
            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_LOCALE;
        }
-       ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(ret);
        listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
        initial_listsv_len = SvCUR(listsv);
     }
@@ -11163,9 +11351,9 @@ parseit:
                    n = 1;
                }
                if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
-                    SV** invlistsvp;
                     SV* invlist;
                     char* name;
+
                    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {
                         RExC_parse++;
                         n--;
@@ -11204,10 +11392,7 @@ parseit:
                     if (   ! swash
                         || ! SvROK(swash)
                         || ! SvTYPE(SvRV(swash)) == SVt_PVHV
-                        || ! (invlistsvp =
-                               hv_fetchs(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)),
-                                "INVLIST", FALSE))
-                        || ! (invlist = *invlistsvp))
+                        || ! (invlist = _get_swash_invlist(swash)))
                    {
                         if (swash) {
                             SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
@@ -11220,11 +11405,15 @@ parseit:
                         Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%cutf8::%s\n",
                                         (value == 'p' ? '+' : '!'),
                                         name);
-                        has_user_defined_property = 1;
+                        has_user_defined_property = TRUE;
 
                         /* We don't know yet, so have to assume that the
                          * property could match something in the Latin1 range,
-                         * hence something that isn't utf8 */
+                         * hence something that isn't utf8.  Note that this
+                         * would cause things in <depends_list> to match
+                         * inappropriately, except that any \p{}, including
+                         * this one forces Unicode semantics, which means there
+                         * is <no depends_list> */
                         ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NONBITMAP_NON_UTF8;
                     }
                     else {
@@ -11232,17 +11421,14 @@ parseit:
                         /* Here, did get the swash and its inversion list.  If
                          * the swash is from a user-defined property, then this
                          * whole character class should be regarded as such */
-                        SV** user_defined_svp =
-                                            hv_fetchs(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)),
-                                                        "USER_DEFINED", FALSE);
-                        if (user_defined_svp) {
-                            has_user_defined_property
-                                                    |= SvUV(*user_defined_svp);
-                        }
+                        has_user_defined_property =
+                                                _is_swash_user_defined(swash);
 
                         /* Invert if asking for the complement */
                         if (value == 'P') {
-                           _invlist_union_complement_2nd(properties, invlist, &properties);
+                           _invlist_union_complement_2nd(properties,
+                                                          invlist,
+                                                          &properties);
 
                             /* The swash can't be used as-is, because we've
                             * inverted things; delay removing it to here after
@@ -11344,15 +11530,20 @@ parseit:
            literal_endpoint++;
 #endif
 
-       if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class \blah */
-
-           /* What matches in a locale is not known until runtime, so need to
-            * (one time per class) allocate extra space to pass to regexec.
-            * The space will contain a bit for each named class that is to be
-            * matched against.  This isn't needed for \p{} and pseudo-classes,
-            * as they are not affected by locale, and hence are dealt with
-            * separately */
-           if (LOC && namedclass < ANYOF_MAX && ! need_class) {
+            /* What matches in a locale is not known until runtime.  This
+             * includes what the Posix classes (like \w, [:space:]) match.
+             * Room must be reserved (one time per class) to store such
+             * classes, either if Perl is compiled so that locale nodes always
+             * should have this space, or if there is such class info to be
+             * stored.  The space will contain a bit for each named class that
+             * is to be matched against.  This isn't needed for \p{} and
+             * pseudo-classes, as they are not affected by locale, and hence
+             * are dealt with separately */
+           if (LOC
+                && ! need_class
+                && (ANYOF_LOCALE == ANYOF_CLASS
+                    || (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS && namedclass < ANYOF_MAX)))
+            {
                need_class = 1;
                if (SIZE_ONLY) {
                    RExC_size += ANYOF_CLASS_SKIP - ANYOF_SKIP;
@@ -11364,6 +11555,8 @@ parseit:
                ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_CLASS;
            }
 
+       if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class \blah */
+
            /* a bad range like a-\d, a-[:digit:].  The '-' is taken as a
             * literal, as is the character that began the false range, i.e.
             * the 'a' in the examples */
@@ -11383,65 +11576,33 @@ parseit:
                 element_count += 2; /* So counts for three values */
            }
 
-           if (SIZE_ONLY) {
-
-                /* In the first pass, do a little extra work so below can
-                 * possibly optimize the whole node to one of the nodes that
-                 * correspond to the classes given below */
-
-                /* The optimization will only take place if there is a single
-                 * element in the class, so can skip if there is more than one
-                 */
-                if (element_count == 1) {
-
-               /* Possible truncation here but in some 64-bit environments
-                * the compiler gets heartburn about switch on 64-bit values.
-                * A similar issue a little earlier when switching on value.
-                * --jhi */
-                    switch ((I32)namedclass) {
-                        case ANYOF_ALNUM:
-                        case ANYOF_NALNUM:
-                        case ANYOF_DIGIT:
-                        case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
-                        case ANYOF_SPACE:
-                        case ANYOF_NSPACE:
-                            has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
-                            break;
-
-                        case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
-                        case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
-                        case ANYOF_VERTWS:
-                        case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
-                            has_special_non_charset_op = TRUE;
-                            break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else {
+           if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
                switch ((I32)namedclass) {
 
                case ANYOF_ALNUMC: /* C's alnum, in contrast to \w */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixAlnum, PL_L1PosixAlnum, "XPosixAlnum", listsv);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixAlnum, PL_L1PosixAlnum, "XPosixAlnum", listsv);
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixAlnum, PL_L1PosixAlnum, "XPosixAlnum", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_ALPHA:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixAlpha, PL_L1PosixAlpha, "XPosixAlpha", listsv);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALPHA:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixAlpha, PL_L1PosixAlpha, "XPosixAlpha", listsv);
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixAlpha, PL_L1PosixAlpha, "XPosixAlpha", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_ASCII:
                    if (LOC) {
                        ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
                    }
                     else {
-                        _invlist_union(properties, PL_ASCII, &properties);
+                        _invlist_union(posixes, PL_ASCII, &posixes);
                     }
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NASCII:
@@ -11449,49 +11610,49 @@ parseit:
                        ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
                    }
                     else {
-                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(properties,
-                                                    PL_ASCII, &properties);
+                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(posixes,
+                                                    PL_ASCII, &posixes);
                         if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
                             ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
                         }
                     }
                    break;
                case ANYOF_BLANK:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixBlank, PL_XPosixBlank);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixBlank, PL_XPosixBlank);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_CNTRL:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixCntrl, PL_XPosixCntrl);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixCntrl, PL_XPosixCntrl);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_DIGIT:
                    /* There are no digits in the Latin1 range outside of
                     * ASCII, so call the macro that doesn't have to resolve
                     * them */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixDigit, "XPosixDigit", listsv);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixDigit, PL_PosixDigit, "XPosixDigit", listsv);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixDigit, PL_PosixDigit, "XPosixDigit", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_GRAPH:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixGraph, PL_L1PosixGraph, "XPosixGraph", listsv);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixGraph, PL_L1PosixGraph, "XPosixGraph", listsv);
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixGraph, PL_L1PosixGraph, "XPosixGraph", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
                    /* For these, we use the cp_list, as /d doesn't make a
@@ -11500,12 +11661,10 @@ parseit:
                     * cp_list is subject to folding.  It turns out that \h
                     * is just a synonym for XPosixBlank */
                    _invlist_union(cp_list, PL_XPosixBlank, &cp_list);
-                    has_special_non_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
                     _invlist_union_complement_2nd(cp_list,
                                                  PL_XPosixBlank, &cp_list);
-                    has_special_non_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_LOWER:
                case ANYOF_NLOWER:
@@ -11528,48 +11687,49 @@ parseit:
                        Xname = "XPosixLower";
                    }
                    if (namedclass == ANYOF_LOWER) {
-                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                     ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
                    }
                    else {
                        DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass,
-                            properties, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
+                            posixes, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv,
+                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case ANYOF_PRINT:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixPrint, PL_L1PosixPrint, "XPosixPrint", listsv);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPRINT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixPrint, PL_L1PosixPrint, "XPosixPrint", listsv);
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixPrint, PL_L1PosixPrint, "XPosixPrint", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_PUNCT:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                         PL_PosixPunct, PL_L1PosixPunct, "XPosixPunct", listsv);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                        PL_PosixPunct, PL_L1PosixPunct, "XPosixPunct", listsv);
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                        PL_PosixPunct, PL_L1PosixPunct, "XPosixPunct", listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixSpace, PL_XPosixSpace);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixSpace, PL_XPosixSpace);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_SPACE:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PerlSpace, PL_XPerlSpace);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NSPACE:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PerlSpace, PL_XPerlSpace);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_UPPER:   /* Same as LOWER, above */
                case ANYOF_NUPPER:
@@ -11589,24 +11749,24 @@ parseit:
                        Xname = "XPosixUpper";
                    }
                    if (namedclass == ANYOF_UPPER) {
-                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                     ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
                    }
                    else {
                        DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass,
-                        properties, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
+                        posixes, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv,
+                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case ANYOF_ALNUM:   /* Really is 'Word' */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                             PL_PosixWord, PL_L1PosixWord, "XPosixWord", listsv);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NALNUM:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, properties,
-                            PL_PosixWord, PL_L1PosixWord, "XPosixWord", listsv);
-                    has_special_charset_op = TRUE;
+                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
+                            PL_PosixWord, PL_L1PosixWord, "XPosixWord", listsv,
+                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_VERTWS:
                    /* For these, we use the cp_list, as /d doesn't make a
@@ -11614,19 +11774,17 @@ parseit:
                     * if these characters had folds other than themselves, as
                     * cp_list is subject to folding */
                    _invlist_union(cp_list, PL_VertSpace, &cp_list);
-                    has_special_non_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
                     _invlist_union_complement_2nd(cp_list,
                                                     PL_VertSpace, &cp_list);
-                    has_special_non_charset_op = TRUE;
                    break;
                case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixXDigit, PL_XPosixXDigit);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, properties,
+                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
                                             PL_PosixXDigit, PL_XPosixXDigit);
                    break;
                case ANYOF_MAX:
@@ -11637,19 +11795,19 @@ parseit:
                    break;
                }
 
-               continue;
+               continue;   /* Go get next character */
            }
        } /* end of namedclass \blah */
 
        if (range) {
-           if (prevvalue > (IV)value) /* b-a */ {
+           if (prevvalue > value) /* b-a */ {
                const int w = RExC_parse - rangebegin;
                Simple_vFAIL4("Invalid [] range \"%*.*s\"", w, w, rangebegin);
                range = 0; /* not a valid range */
            }
        }
        else {
-           prevvalue = value; /* save the beginning of the range */
+            prevvalue = value; /* save the beginning of the potential range */
            if (RExC_parse+1 < RExC_end
                && *RExC_parse == '-'
                && RExC_parse[1] != ']')
@@ -11666,21 +11824,26 @@ parseit:
                               "False [] range \"%*.*s\"",
                               w, w, rangebegin);
                    }
-                    if (!SIZE_ONLY)
+                    if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
                         cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, '-');
+                        element_count++;
+                    }
                } else
                    range = 1;  /* yeah, it's a range! */
                continue;       /* but do it the next time */
            }
        }
 
+        /* Here, <prevvalue> is the beginning of the range, if any; or <value>
+         * if not */
+
        /* non-Latin1 code point implies unicode semantics.  Must be set in
         * pass1 so is there for the whole of pass 2 */
        if (value > 255) {
            RExC_uni_semantics = 1;
        }
 
-       /* now is the next time */
+        /* Ready to process either the single value, or the completed range */
        if (!SIZE_ONLY) {
 #ifndef EBCDIC
             cp_list = _add_range_to_invlist(cp_list, prevvalue, value);
@@ -11709,101 +11872,185 @@ parseit:
         }
 
        range = 0; /* this range (if it was one) is done now */
-    }
+    } /* End of loop through all the text within the brackets */
 
-    /* [\w] can be optimized into \w, but not if there is anything else in the
-     * brackets (except for an initial '^' which indictes omplementing).  We
-     * also can optimize the common special case /[0-9]/ into /\d/a */
-    if (element_count == 1 &&
-        (has_special_charset_op
-         || has_special_non_charset_op
-         || (prevvalue == '0' && value == '9')))
-    {
-        U8 op;
-        bool invert = ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_INVERT;
-        const char * cur_parse = RExC_parse;
+    /* If the character class contains only a single element, it may be
+     * optimizable into another node type which is smaller and runs faster.
+     * Check if this is the case for this class */
+    if (element_count == 1) {
+        U8 op = END;
+        U8 arg = 0;
 
-        if (has_special_charset_op) {
-            U8 offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+        if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class, like \w or
+                                              [:digit:] or \p{foo} */
 
-            /* /aa is the same as /a for these */
-            if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
-            }
+            /* Certain named classes have equivalents that can appear outside a
+             * character class, e.g. \w, \H.  We use these instead of a
+             * character class. */
             switch ((I32)namedclass) {
+                U8 offset;
+
+                /* The first group is for node types that depend on the charset
+                 * modifier to the regex.  We first calculate the base node
+                 * type, and if it should be inverted */
+
                 case ANYOF_NALNUM:
                     invert = ! invert;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_ALNUM:
                     op = ALNUM;
-                    break;
+                    goto join_charset_classes;
+
                 case ANYOF_NSPACE:
                     invert = ! invert;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_SPACE:
                     op = SPACE;
-                    break;
+                    goto join_charset_classes;
+
                 case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
                     invert = ! invert;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_DIGIT:
                     op = DIGIT;
 
-                    /* There is no DIGITU */
-                    if (offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
-                        offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET;
+                  join_charset_classes:
+
+                    /* Now that we have the base node type, we take advantage
+                     * of the enum ordering of the charset modifiers to get the
+                     * exact node type,  For example the base SPACE also has
+                     * SPACEL, SPACEU, and SPACEA */
+
+                    offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+
+                    /* /aa is the same as /a for these */
+                    if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
+                        offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
+                    }
+                    else if (op == DIGIT && offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
+                        offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET; /* There is no DIGITU */
                     }
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Named character class %"IVdf" is not expected to have a non-[...] version", namedclass);
-            }
 
-            /* The number of varieties of each of these is the same, hence, so
-             * is the delta between the normal and complemented nodes */
-            if (invert) {
-                offset += NALNUM - ALNUM;
-            }
+                    op += offset;
 
-            op += offset;
-        }
-        else if (has_special_non_charset_op) {
-            switch ((I32)namedclass) {
+                    /* The number of varieties of each of these is the same,
+                     * hence, so is the delta between the normal and
+                     * complemented nodes */
+                    if (invert) {
+                        op += NALNUM - ALNUM;
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                /* The second group doesn't depend of the charset modifiers.
+                 * We just have normal and complemented */
                 case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
                     invert = ! invert;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
-                    op = HORIZWS;
+                  is_horizws:
+                    op = (invert) ? NHORIZWS : HORIZWS;
                     break;
+
                 case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
                     invert = ! invert;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_VERTWS:
-                    op = VERTWS;
+                    op = (invert) ? NVERTWS : VERTWS;
+                    break;
+
+                case ANYOF_MAX:
                     break;
+
+                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
+                    invert = ! invert;
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                case ANYOF_BLANK:
+                    if (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS && ! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                        goto is_horizws;
+                    }
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 default:
-                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Named character class %"IVdf" is not expected to have a non-[...] version", namedclass);
+                    /* A generic posix class.  All the /a ones can be handled
+                     * by the POSIXA opcode.  And all are closed under folding
+                     * in the ASCII range, so FOLD doesn't matter */
+                    if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED
+                        || (! LOC && namedclass == ANYOF_ASCII))
+                    {
+                        /* The odd numbered ones are the complements of the
+                         * next-lower even number one */
+                        if (namedclass % 2 == 1) {
+                            invert = ! invert;
+                            namedclass--;
+                        }
+                        arg = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
+                        op = (invert) ? NPOSIXA : POSIXA;
+                    }
+                    break;
             }
+        }
+        else if (value == prevvalue) {
+
+            /* Here, the class consists of just a single code point */
 
-            /* The complement version of each of these nodes is adjacently next
-             * */
             if (invert) {
-                op++;
+                if (! LOC && value == '\n') {
+                    op = REG_ANY; /* Optimize [^\n] */
+                }
+            }
+            else if (value < 256 || UTF) {
+
+                /* Optimize a single value into an EXACTish node, but not if it
+                 * would require converting the pattern to UTF-8. */
+                op = compute_EXACTish(pRExC_state);
+            }
+        } /* Otherwise is a range */
+        else if (! LOC) {   /* locale could vary these */
+            if (prevvalue == '0') {
+                if (value == '9') {
+                    op = (invert) ? NDIGITA : DIGITA;
+                }
             }
-        }
-        else {  /* The remaining possibility is [0-9] */
-            op = (invert) ? NDIGITA : DIGITA;
         }
 
-        /* Throw away this ANYOF regnode, and emit the calculated one, which
-         * should correspond to the beginning, not current, state of the parse
-         */
-        RExC_parse = (char *)orig_parse;
-        RExC_emit = (regnode *)orig_emit;
-        ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-        RExC_parse = (char *) cur_parse;
+        /* Here, we have changed <op> away from its initial value iff we found
+         * an optimization */
+        if (op != END) {
+
+            /* Throw away this ANYOF regnode, and emit the calculated one,
+             * which should correspond to the beginning, not current, state of
+             * the parse */
+            const char * cur_parse = RExC_parse;
+            RExC_parse = (char *)orig_parse;
+            if ( SIZE_ONLY) {
+                if (! LOC) {
+
+                    /* To get locale nodes to not use the full ANYOF size would
+                     * require moving the code above that writes the portions
+                     * of it that aren't in other nodes to after this point.
+                     * e.g.  ANYOF_CLASS_SET */
+                    RExC_size = orig_size;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                RExC_emit = (regnode *)orig_emit;
+            }
 
-        SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
-        return ret;
+            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
+
+            if (PL_regkind[op] == POSIXD) {
+                if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
+                    FLAGS(ret) = arg;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (PL_regkind[op] == EXACT) {
+                alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pRExC_state, ret, 0, value);
+            }
+
+            RExC_parse = (char *) cur_parse;
+
+            SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+            return ret;
+        }
     }
 
     if (SIZE_ONLY)
@@ -11817,28 +12064,22 @@ parseit:
 
        SV* fold_intersection = NULL;
 
-        const UV highest_index = invlist_len(cp_list) - 1;
-
         /* In the Latin1 range, the characters that can be folded-to or -from
          * are precisely the alphabetic characters.  If the highest code point
          * is within Latin1, we can use the compiled-in list, and not have to
-         * go out to disk.  If the last element in the array is in the
-         * inversion list set, it starts a range that goes to infinity, so the
-         * maximum of the inversion list is definitely above Latin1.
-         * Otherwise, it starts a range that isn't in the set, so the max is
-         * one less than it */
-        if (! ELEMENT_RANGE_MATCHES_INVLIST(highest_index)
-            && invlist_array(cp_list)[highest_index] <= 256)
-        {
+         * go out to disk. */
+        if (invlist_highest(cp_list) < 256) {
             _invlist_intersection(PL_L1PosixAlpha, cp_list, &fold_intersection);
         }
         else {
 
-            /* This is a list of all the characters that participate in folds
-             * (except marks, etc in multi-char folds */
+            /* Here, there are non-Latin1 code points, so we will have to go
+             * fetch the list of all the characters that participate in folds
+             */
             if (! PL_utf8_foldable) {
-                SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "Cased", &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
-                PL_utf8_foldable = _swash_to_invlist(swash);
+                SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "_Perl_Any_Folds",
+                                       &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
+                PL_utf8_foldable = _get_swash_invlist(swash);
                 SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
             }
 
@@ -11917,12 +12158,12 @@ parseit:
                         }
                         else {
                             depends_list =
-                                add_cp_to_invlist(depends_list, PL_fold_latin1[j]);
+                             add_cp_to_invlist(depends_list, PL_fold_latin1[j]);
                         }
                     }
 
                     if (HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE(j)
-                        && (! isASCII(j) || ! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED))
+                        && (! isASCII(j) || ! ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED))
                     {
                         /* Certain Latin1 characters have matches outside
                          * Latin1, or are multi-character.  To get here, 'j' is
@@ -11952,27 +12193,24 @@ parseit:
                         switch (j) {
                             case 'k':
                             case 'K':
-                                /* KELVIN SIGN */
                                 cp_list =
-                                    add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, 0x212A);
+                                    add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, KELVIN_SIGN);
                                 break;
                             case 's':
                             case 'S':
-                                /* LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S */
-                                cp_list =
-                                    add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, 0x017F);
+                                cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list,
+                                                    LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_LONG_S);
                                 break;
                             case MICRO_SIGN:
                                 cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list,
-                                                    GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU);
-                                cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list,
                                                     GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_MU);
+                                cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list,
+                                                    GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU);
                                 break;
                             case LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE:
                             case LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE:
-                                /* ANGSTROM SIGN */
                                 cp_list =
-                                        add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, 0x212B);
+                                    add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, ANGSTROM_SIGN);
                                 break;
                             case LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS:
                                 cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list,
@@ -11984,7 +12222,7 @@ parseit:
 
                                 /* Under /a, /d, and /u, this can match the two
                                  * chars "ss" */
-                                if (! MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                                if (! ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED) {
                                     add_alternate(&unicode_alternate,
                                                   (U8 *) "ss", 2);
 
@@ -12029,7 +12267,7 @@ parseit:
                                     ((allow_full_fold) ? FOLD_FLAGS_FULL : 0)
                                     | ((LOC)
                                         ? FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE
-                                        : (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                        : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                             ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
                                             : 0));
 
@@ -12088,7 +12326,8 @@ parseit:
                            /* /aa doesn't allow folds between ASCII and non-;
                             * /l doesn't allow them between above and below
                             * 256 */
-                           if ((MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED && (isASCII(c) != isASCII(j)))
+                           if ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED
+                                      && (isASCII(c) != isASCII(j)))
                                || (LOC && ((c < 256) != (j < 256))))
                            {
                                continue;
@@ -12101,7 +12340,7 @@ parseit:
                                cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, c);
                             }
                             else {
-                                depends_list = add_cp_to_invlist(depends_list, c);
+                              depends_list = add_cp_to_invlist(depends_list, c);
                            }
                        }
                    }
@@ -12111,36 +12350,36 @@ parseit:
        SvREFCNT_dec(fold_intersection);
     }
 
-    /* And combine the result (if any) with any inversion list from properties.
-     * The lists are kept separate up to now because we don't want to fold the
-     * properties */
-    if (properties) {
-        if (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS) {
+    /* And combine the result (if any) with any inversion list from posix
+     * classes.  The lists are kept separate up to now because we don't want to
+     * fold the classes (folding of those is automatically handled by the swash
+     * fetching code) */
+    if (posixes) {
+        if (! DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
             if (cp_list) {
-                _invlist_union(cp_list, properties, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(properties);
+                _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
+                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
             }
             else {
-                cp_list = properties;
+                cp_list = posixes;
             }
         }
         else {
-
-            /* Under /d, we put the things that match only when the target
-             * string is utf8, into a separate list */
+            /* Under /d, we put into a separate list the Latin1 things that
+             * match only when the target string is utf8 */
             SV* nonascii_but_latin1_properties = NULL;
-            _invlist_intersection(properties, PL_Latin1,
+            _invlist_intersection(posixes, PL_Latin1,
                                   &nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
             _invlist_subtract(nonascii_but_latin1_properties, PL_ASCII,
                               &nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
-            _invlist_subtract(properties, nonascii_but_latin1_properties,
-                              &properties);
+            _invlist_subtract(posixes, nonascii_but_latin1_properties,
+                              &posixes);
             if (cp_list) {
-                _invlist_union(cp_list, properties, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(properties);
+                _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
+                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
             }
             else {
-                cp_list = properties;
+                cp_list = posixes;
             }
 
             if (depends_list) {
@@ -12154,24 +12393,68 @@ parseit:
         }
     }
 
+    /* And combine the result (if any) with any inversion list from properties.
+     * The lists are kept separate up to now so that we can distinguish the two
+     * in regards to matching above-Unicode.  A run-time warning is generated
+     * if a Unicode property is matched against a non-Unicode code point. But,
+     * we allow user-defined properties to match anything, without any warning,
+     * and we also suppress the warning if there is a portion of the character
+     * class that isn't a Unicode property, and which matches above Unicode, \W
+     * or [\x{110000}] for example.
+     * (Note that in this case, unlike the Posix one above, there is no
+     * <depends_list>, because having a Unicode property forces Unicode
+     * semantics */
+    if (properties) {
+        bool warn_super = ! has_user_defined_property;
+        if (cp_list) {
+
+            /* If it matters to the final outcome, see if a non-property
+             * component of the class matches above Unicode.  If so, the
+             * warning gets suppressed.  This is true even if just a single
+             * such code point is specified, as though not strictly correct if
+             * another such code point is matched against, the fact that they
+             * are using above-Unicode code points indicates they should know
+             * the issues involved */
+            if (warn_super) {
+                bool non_prop_matches_above_Unicode =
+                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode
+                            | (invlist_highest(cp_list) > PERL_UNICODE_MAX);
+                if (invert) {
+                    non_prop_matches_above_Unicode =
+                                            !  non_prop_matches_above_Unicode;
+                }
+                warn_super = ! non_prop_matches_above_Unicode;
+            }
+
+            _invlist_union(properties, cp_list, &cp_list);
+            SvREFCNT_dec(properties);
+        }
+        else {
+            cp_list = properties;
+        }
+
+        if (warn_super) {
+            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_WARN_SUPER;
+        }
+    }
+
     /* Here, we have calculated what code points should be in the character
      * class.
      *
      * Now we can see about various optimizations.  Fold calculation (which we
      * did above) needs to take place before inversion.  Otherwise /[^k]/i
      * would invert to include K, which under /i would match k, which it
-     * shouldn't. */
-
-    /* Optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]).  Note that we haven't
-     * set the FOLD flag yet, so this does optimize those.  It doesn't
-     * optimize locale.  Doing so perhaps could be done as long as there is
-     * nothing like \w in it; some thought also would have to be given to the
-     * interaction with above 0x100 chars */
-    if ((ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_INVERT)
-        && ! LOC
+     * shouldn't.  Therefore we can't invert folded locale now, as it won't be
+     * folded until runtime */
+
+    /* Optimize inverted simple patterns (e.g. [^a-z]) when everything is known
+     * at compile time.  Besides not inverting folded locale now, we can't invert
+     * if there are things such as \w, which aren't known until runtime */
+    if (invert
+        && ! (LOC && (FOLD || (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_CLASS)))
        && ! depends_list
        && ! unicode_alternate
-       && SvCUR(listsv) == initial_listsv_len)
+       && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
         _invlist_invert(cp_list);
 
@@ -12182,13 +12465,14 @@ parseit:
         }
 
        /* Clear the invert flag since have just done it here */
-       ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) &= ~ANYOF_INVERT;
+       invert = FALSE;
     }
 
     /* Here, <cp_list> contains all the code points we can determine at
      * compile time that match under all conditions.  Go through it, and
      * for things that belong in the bitmap, put them there, and delete from
      * <cp_list> */
+    ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(ret);
     if (cp_list) {
 
        /* This gets set if we actually need to modify things */
@@ -12234,6 +12518,10 @@ parseit:
        }
     }
 
+    if (invert) {
+        ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_INVERT;
+    }
+
     /* Combine the two lists into one. */
     if (depends_list) {
        if (cp_list) {
@@ -12275,7 +12563,7 @@ parseit:
      * FI'. */
     if (! cp_list
        && ! unicode_alternate
-       && SvCUR(listsv) == initial_listsv_len
+       && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION
        && ! (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & (ANYOF_INVERT|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL))
         && (((stored == 1 && ((! (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_LOCALE))
                               || (! ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(ret)))))
@@ -12283,7 +12571,7 @@ parseit:
                                 && (! _HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(value))
                                 /* If the latest code point has a fold whose
                                  * bit is set, it must be the only other one */
-                               && ((prevvalue = PL_fold_latin1[value]) != (IV)value)
+                               && ((prevvalue = PL_fold_latin1[value]) != value)
                                 && ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(ret, prevvalue)))))
     {
         /* Note that the information needed to decide to do this optimization
@@ -12326,7 +12614,7 @@ parseit:
             * then EXACTFU if the regex calls for it, or is required because
             * the character is non-ASCII.  (If <value> is ASCII, its fold is
             * also ASCII for the cases where we get here.) */
-           if (MORE_ASCII_RESTRICTED && isASCII(value)) {
+           if (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED && isASCII(value)) {
                op = EXACTFA;
            }
            else if (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS || !isASCII(value)) {
@@ -12361,7 +12649,7 @@ parseit:
        swash = NULL;
     }
     if (! cp_list
-       && SvCUR(listsv) == initial_listsv_len
+       && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION
        && ! unicode_alternate)
     {
        ARG_SET(ret, ANYOF_NONBITMAP_EMPTY);
@@ -12378,15 +12666,15 @@ parseit:
         * av[2] stores the multicharacter foldings, used later in
         *       regexec.c:S_reginclass().
         * av[3] stores the cp_list inversion list for use in addition or
-        *       instead of av[0]; not used if av[1] isn't NULL
+        *       instead of av[0]; used only if av[1] is NULL
         * av[4] is set if any component of the class is from a user-defined
-        *       property; not used if av[1] isn't NULL */
+        *       property; used only if av[1] is NULL */
        AV * const av = newAV();
        SV *rv;
 
-       av_store(av, 0, (SvCUR(listsv) == initial_listsv_len)
-                       ? &PL_sv_undef
-                       : listsv);
+       av_store(av, 0, (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
+                       ? listsv
+                       : &PL_sv_undef);
        if (swash) {
            av_store(av, 1, swash);
            SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
@@ -12417,6 +12705,7 @@ parseit:
     }
     return ret;
 }
+#undef HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION
 
 
 /* reg_skipcomment()
@@ -13010,6 +13299,40 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     dVAR;
     register int k;
+
+    /* Should be synchronized with * ANYOF_ #xdefines in regcomp.h */
+    static const char * const anyofs[] = {
+        "\\w",
+        "\\W",
+        "\\s",
+        "\\S",
+        "\\d",
+        "\\D",
+        "[:alnum:]",
+        "[:^alnum:]",
+        "[:alpha:]",
+        "[:^alpha:]",
+        "[:ascii:]",
+        "[:^ascii:]",
+        "[:cntrl:]",
+        "[:^cntrl:]",
+        "[:graph:]",
+        "[:^graph:]",
+        "[:lower:]",
+        "[:^lower:]",
+        "[:print:]",
+        "[:^print:]",
+        "[:punct:]",
+        "[:^punct:]",
+        "[:upper:]",
+        "[:^upper:]",
+        "[:xdigit:]",
+        "[:^xdigit:]",
+        "[:space:]",
+        "[:^space:]",
+        "[:blank:]",
+        "[:^blank:]"
+    };
     RXi_GET_DECL(prog,progi);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
     
@@ -13130,39 +13453,6 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
        const U8 flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
        int do_sep = 0;
 
-       /* Should be synchronized with * ANYOF_ #xdefines in regcomp.h */
-       static const char * const anyofs[] = {
-           "\\w",
-           "\\W",
-           "\\s",
-           "\\S",
-           "\\d",
-           "\\D",
-           "[:alnum:]",
-           "[:^alnum:]",
-           "[:alpha:]",
-           "[:^alpha:]",
-           "[:ascii:]",
-           "[:^ascii:]",
-           "[:cntrl:]",
-           "[:^cntrl:]",
-           "[:graph:]",
-           "[:^graph:]",
-           "[:lower:]",
-           "[:^lower:]",
-           "[:print:]",
-           "[:^print:]",
-           "[:punct:]",
-           "[:^punct:]",
-           "[:upper:]",
-           "[:^upper:]",
-           "[:xdigit:]",
-           "[:^xdigit:]",
-           "[:space:]",
-           "[:^space:]",
-           "[:blank:]",
-           "[:^blank:]"
-       };
 
        if (flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
            sv_catpvs(sv, "{loc}");
@@ -13300,6 +13590,15 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
     }
+    else if (k == POSIXD) {
+        U8 index = FLAGS(o) * 2;
+        if (index > (sizeof(anyofs) / sizeof(anyofs[0]))) {
+            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[illegal type=%d])", index);
+        }
+        else {
+            sv_catpv(sv, anyofs[index]);
+        }
+    }
     else if (k == BRANCHJ && (OP(o) == UNLESSM || OP(o) == IFMATCH))
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", -(o->flags));
 #else