+=for maintainers
+Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
+
=head1 NAME
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
=head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
-Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
+Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
-file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
+files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
=over 12
+=item assertions
+
+Select assertions in blocks of code
+
+=item assertions::activate
+
+Activate assertions
+
=item attributes
Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
=item base
-Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
+Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
+
+=item bigint
+
+Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
+
+=item bignum
+
+Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
+
+=item bigrat
+
+Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
=item blib
Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
-=item caller
+=item bytes
-Inherit pragmatic attributes from caller's context
+Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
=item charnames
-Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape.
+Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
=item constant
=item diagnostics
-Force verbose warning diagnostics
+Produce verbose warning diagnostics
+
+=item encoding
+
+Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
+
+=item encoding::warnings
+
+Warn on implicit encoding conversions
=item fields
-Declare a class's attribute fields at compile-time
+Compile-time class fields
=item filetest
-Control the filetest operators like C<-r>, C<-w> for AFS, etc.
+Control the filetest permission operators
+
+=item if
+
+C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
=item integer
-Compute arithmetic in integer instead of double
+Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
=item less
-Request less of something from the compiler (unimplemented)
+Request less of something from the compiler
=item lib
=item locale
-Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
+Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
+
+=item open
+
+Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
=item ops
=item overload
-Overload Perl operations
+Package for overloading perl operations
=item re
-Alter regular expression behavior
+Alter regular expression behaviour
=item sigtrap
Enable simple signal handling
+=item sort
+
+Control sort() behaviour
+
=item strict
Restrict unsafe constructs
=item subs
-Predeclare subroutine names
+Predeclare sub names
+
+=item threads
+
+Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
+
+=item threads::shared
+
+Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
=item utf8
-Turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
+Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
=item vars
-Predeclare global variable names (obsoleted by our())
+Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
+
+=item version
+
+Perl extension for Version Objects
+
+=item vmsish
+
+Control VMS-specific language features
=item warnings
Control optional warnings
+=item warnings::register
+
+Warnings import function
+
=back
=head2 Standard Modules
manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
+It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
+system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
+don't have the gdbm library.
+
=over 12
=item AnyDBM_File
-Provide framework for multiple DBM libraries
+Provide framework for multiple DBMs
+
+=item Attribute::Handlers
+
+Simpler definition of attribute handlers
=item AutoLoader
=item B
-Guts of the Perl code generator (aka compiler)
+The Perl Compiler
=item B::Asmdata
Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
+=item B::Concise
+
+Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
+
=item B::Debug
Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
=item B::Deparse
-Perl compiler backend to produce Perl code
+Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
=item B::Disassembler
=item B::Lint
-Module to catch dubious constructs
+Perl lint
=item B::Showlex
Helper module for CC backend
-B::Stash -- XXX NFI XXX
+=item B::Stash
+
+Show what stashes are loaded
=item B::Terse
=item Benchmark
-Benchmark running times of code
+Benchmark running times of Perl code
=item ByteLoader
-Load byte-compiled Perl code
+Load byte compiled perl code
=item CGI
-Simple Common Gateway Interface class
+Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
=item CGI::Apache
-Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
+Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
=item CGI::Carp
=item CGI::Switch
-Try more than one constructors and return the first object available
+Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
+
+=item CGI::Util
+
+Internal utilities used by CGI module
=item CPAN
-Query, download, and build Perl modules from CPAN sites
+Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
=item CPAN::FirstTime
-Utility for CPAN::Config file initialization
+Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
=item CPAN::Nox
=item Carp
-Act like warn/die from perspective of caller
+Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
=item Carp::Heavy
-Carp guts
+Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
+
+=item Class::ISA
+
+Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
=item Class::Struct
=item DB
-Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (experimental)
+Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
+
+=item DBM_Filter
+
+Filter DBM keys/values
=item DB_File
=item Data::Dumper
-Serialize Perl data structures
+Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
=item Devel::DProf
-A Perl execution profiler
+A Perl code profiler
+
+=item Devel::PPPort
+
+Perl/Pollution/Portability
=item Devel::Peek
Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
+=item Digest
+
+Modules that calculate message digests
+
+=item Digest::MD5
+
+Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
+
+=item Digest::base
+
+Digest base class
+
+=item Digest::file
+
+Calculate digests of files
+
=item DirHandle
Supply object methods for directory handles
=item Dumpvalue
-Provide screen dump of Perl data
+Provides screen dump of Perl data.
=item DynaLoader
Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
+=item Encode
+
+Character encodings
+
+=item Encode::Alias
+
+Alias definitions to encodings
+
+=item Encode::Byte
+
+Single Byte Encodings
+
+=item Encode::CJKConstants
+
+Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
+
+=item Encode::CN
+
+China-based Chinese Encodings
+
+=item Encode::CN::HZ
+
+Internally used by Encode::CN
+
+=item Encode::Config
+
+Internally used by Encode
+
+=item Encode::EBCDIC
+
+EBCDIC Encodings
+
+=item Encode::Encoder
+
+Object Oriented Encoder
+
+=item Encode::Encoding
+
+Encode Implementation Base Class
+
+=item Encode::Guess
+
+Guesses encoding from data
+
+=item Encode::JP
+
+Japanese Encodings
+
+=item Encode::JP::H2Z
+
+Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
+
+=item Encode::JP::JIS7
+
+Internally used by Encode::JP
+
+=item Encode::KR
+
+Korean Encodings
+
+=item Encode::KR::2022_KR
+
+Internally used by Encode::KR
+
+=item Encode::MIME::Header
+
+MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
+
+=item Encode::PerlIO
+
+A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
+
+=item Encode::Supported
+
+Encodings supported by Encode
+
+=item Encode::Symbol
+
+Symbol Encodings
+
+=item Encode::TW
+
+Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
+
+=item Encode::Unicode
+
+Various Unicode Transformation Formats
+
+=item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
+
+UTF-7 encoding
+
=item English
-Use English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
+Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
=item Env
-Access environment variables as regular ones
+Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
=item Errno
-Load the libc errno.h defines
+System errno constants
=item Exporter
-Implement default import method for modules
+Implements default import method for modules
=item Exporter::Heavy
=item ExtUtils::Command
-Utilities to replace common Unix commands in Makefiles etc.
+Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
+
+=item ExtUtils::Command::MM
+
+Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
+
+=item ExtUtils::Constant
+
+Generate XS code to import C header constants
+
+=item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
+
+Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
+
+=item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
+
+Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
+
+=item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
+
+Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
=item ExtUtils::Embed
-Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ programs
+Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
=item ExtUtils::Install
Determine libraries to use and how to use them
+=item ExtUtils::MM
+
+OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_Any
+
+Platform-agnostic MM methods
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
+
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
=item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
+
+DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
+
+Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
+
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
+
+U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
-Methods to override Unix behavior in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
+
+Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
+
+=item ExtUtils::MY
+
+ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
-Create an extension Makefile
+Create a module Makefile
+
+=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
+
+Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
+
+Writing a module with MakeMaker
+
+=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
+
+Version-agnostic bytes.pm
+
+=item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
+
+Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
=item ExtUtils::Manifest
Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
-ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - Write the C code for perlmain.c
-
=item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
=item Fcntl
-Load the libc fcntl.h defines
+Load the C Fcntl.h defines
=item File::Basename
=item File::DosGlob
-DOS-like globbing and then some
+DOS like globbing and then some
=item File::Find
-Traverse a file tree
+Traverse a directory tree.
=item File::Glob
-Perl extension for BSD filename globbing
+Perl extension for BSD glob routine
=item File::Path
-Create or remove a series of directories
+Create or remove directory trees
=item File::Spec
Portably perform operations on file names
+=item File::Spec::Cygwin
+
+Methods for Cygwin file specs
+
+=item File::Spec::Epoc
+
+Methods for Epoc file specs
+
=item File::Spec::Functions
Portably perform operations on file names
=item File::Spec::Mac
-File::Spec for MacOS
+File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
=item File::Spec::OS2
=item File::Spec::Unix
-Methods used by File::Spec
+File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
=item File::Spec::VMS
Methods for Win32 file specs
+=item File::Temp
+
+Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
+
=item File::stat
By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
Supply object methods for filehandles
+=item Filter::Simple
+
+Simplified source filtering
+
+=item Filter::Util::Call
+
+Perl Source Filter Utility Module
+
=item FindBin
-Locate installation directory of running Perl program
+Locate directory of original perl script
=item GDBM_File
-Access to the gdbm library
+Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
=item Getopt::Long
Process single-character switches with switch clustering
+=item Hash::Util
+
+A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
+
=item I18N::Collate
-Compare 8-bit scalar data according to current locale
+Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
+
+=item I18N::LangTags
+
+Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
+
+=item I18N::LangTags::Detect
+
+Detect the user's language preferences
+
+=item I18N::LangTags::List
+
+Tags and names for human languages
+
+=item I18N::Langinfo
+
+Query locale information
=item IO
-Front-end to load various IO modules
+Load various IO modules
=item IO::Dir
Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
-=item IPC::Msg
-
-SysV Msg IPC object class
-
=item IPC::Open2
Open a process for both reading and writing
Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
-=item IPC::Semaphore
-
-SysV Semaphore IPC object class
-
=item IPC::SysV
SysV IPC constants
-=item Math::BigFloat
+=item IPC::SysV::Msg
-Arbitrary length float math package
+SysV Msg IPC object class
-=item Math::BigInt
+=item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
-Arbitrary size integer math package
+SysV Semaphore IPC object class
-=item Math::Complex
+=item List::Util
-Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
+A selection of general-utility list subroutines
-=item Math::Trig
+=item Locale::Constants
-Trigonometric functions
+Constants for Locale codes
-=item Net::Ping
+=item Locale::Country
-Check a remote host for reachability
+ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
-=item Net::hostent
+=item Locale::Currency
-By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
+ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
-=item Net::netent
+=item Locale::Language
-By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
+ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
-=item Net::protoent
+=item Locale::Maketext
-By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
+Framework for localization
-=item Net::servent
+=item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
-By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
+Article about software localization
-=item O
+=item Locale::Script
-Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
+ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
-=item Opcode
+=item MIME::Base64
-Disable named opcodes when compiling Perl code
+Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
-=item POSIX
+=item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
-Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
+Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
-=item Pod::Checker
+=item Math::BigFloat
-Check pod documents for syntax errors
+Arbitrary size floating point math package
-=item Pod::Html
+=item Math::BigInt
-Module to convert pod files to HTML
+Arbitrary size integer math package
-=item Pod::InputObjects
+=item Math::BigInt::Calc
-Manage POD objects
+Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
-=item Pod::Man
+=item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
-Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
+Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
-=item Pod::Parser
+=item Math::BigRat
-Base class for creating POD filters and translators
+Arbitrary big rational numbers
-=item Pod::Select
+=item Math::Complex
-Extract selected sections of POD from input
+Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
-=item Pod::Text
+=item Math::Trig
-Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+Trigonometric functions
-=item Pod::Text::Color
+=item Memoize
-Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
+Make functions faster by trading space for time
-=item Pod::Usage
+=item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
-Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
+Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
-=item SDBM_File
+=item Memoize::Expire
-Tied access to sdbm files
+Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
-=item Safe
+=item Memoize::ExpireFile
-Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
+Test for Memoize expiration semantics
-=item Search::Dict
+=item Memoize::ExpireTest
-Search for key in dictionary file
+Test for Memoize expiration semantics
-=item SelectSaver
+=item Memoize::NDBM_File
-Save and restore selected file handle
+Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
-=item SelfLoader
+=item Memoize::SDBM_File
-Load functions only on demand
+Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
-=item Shell
+=item Memoize::Storable
-Run shell commands transparently within Perl
+Store Memoized data in Storable database
-=item Socket
+=item Module::CoreList
-Load the libc socket.h defines and structure manipulators
+What modules shipped with versions of perl
-=item Symbol
+=item NDBM_File
-Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
+Tied access to ndbm files
-=item Sys::Hostname
+=item NEXT
-Try every conceivable way to get hostname
+Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
-=item Sys::Syslog
+=item Net::Cmd
-Interface to the libc syslog(3) calls
+Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
-=item Term::Cap
+=item Net::Config
-Termcap interface
+Local configuration data for libnet
-=item Term::Complete
+=item Net::Domain
-Word completion module
+Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
-=item Term::ReadLine
+=item Net::FTP
-Interface to various `readline' packages.
+FTP Client class
-=item Test
+=item Net::NNTP
-Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
+NNTP Client class
-=item Test::Harness
+=item Net::Netrc
-Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
+OO interface to users netrc file
-=item Text::Abbrev
+=item Net::POP3
-Create an abbreviation table from a list
+Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
-=item Text::ParseWords
+=item Net::Ping
-Parse text into a list of tokens or array of arrays
+Check a remote host for reachability
-=item Text::Soundex
+=item Net::SMTP
-Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as described by Knuth
+Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
-Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per expand(1) and unexpand(1)
+=item Net::Time
-=item Text::Wrap
+Time and daytime network client interface
-Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
+=item Net::hostent
-=item Tie::Array
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
-Base class for tied arrays
+=item Net::libnetFAQ
-=item Tie::Handle
+Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
-Base class definitions for tied handles
+=item Net::netent
-=item Tie::Hash
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
-Base class definitions for tied hashes
+=item Net::protoent
-=item Tie::RefHash
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
+
+=item Net::servent
+
+By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
+
+=item O
+
+Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
+
+=item ODBM_File
+
+Tied access to odbm files
+
+=item Opcode
+
+Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
+
+=item POSIX
+
+Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
+
+=item PerlIO
+
+On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
+
+=item PerlIO::encoding
+
+Encoding layer
+
+=item PerlIO::scalar
+
+In-memory IO, scalar IO
+
+=item PerlIO::via
+
+Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
+
+=item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
+
+PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
+
+=item Pod::Checker
+
+Check pod documents for syntax errors
+
+=item Pod::Find
+
+Find POD documents in directory trees
+
+=item Pod::Functions
+
+Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
+
+=item Pod::Html
+
+Module to convert pod files to HTML
+
+=item Pod::InputObjects
+
+Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
+
+=item Pod::LaTeX
+
+Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
+
+=item Pod::Man
+
+Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
+
+=item Pod::ParseLink
+
+Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
+
+=item Pod::ParseUtils
+
+Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
+
+=item Pod::Parser
+
+Base class for creating POD filters and translators
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
+
+Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
+
+Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
+
+Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
+
+Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
+
+Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
+
+Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
+
+Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
+
+=item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
+
+Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
+
+=item Pod::PlainText
+
+Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+
+=item Pod::Plainer
+
+Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
+
+=item Pod::Select
+
+Extract selected sections of POD from input
+
+=item Pod::Text
+
+Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Color
+
+Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Overstrike
+
+Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
+
+=item Pod::Text::Termcap
+
+Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
+
+=item Pod::Usage
+
+Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
+
+=item SDBM_File
+
+Tied access to sdbm files
+
+=item Safe
+
+Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
+
+=item Scalar::Util
+
+A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
+
+=item Search::Dict
+
+Search for key in dictionary file
+
+=item SelectSaver
+
+Save and restore selected file handle
+
+=item SelfLoader
+
+Load functions only on demand
+
+=item Shell
+
+Run shell commands transparently within perl
+
+=item Socket
+
+Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
+
+=item Storable
+
+Persistence for Perl data structures
+
+=item Switch
+
+A switch statement for Perl
+
+=item Symbol
+
+Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
+
+=item Sys::Hostname
+
+Try every conceivable way to get hostname
+
+=item Sys::Syslog
+
+Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
+
+=item Term::ANSIColor
+
+Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
+
+=item Term::Cap
+
+Perl termcap interface
+
+=item Term::Complete
+
+Perl word completion module
+
+=item Term::ReadLine
+
+Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
+
+=item Test
+
+Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
+
+=item Test::Builder
+
+Backend for building test libraries
+
+=item Test::Harness
+
+Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
+
+=item Test::Harness::Assert
+
+Simple assert
+
+=item Test::Harness::Iterator
+
+Internal Test::Harness Iterator
+
+=item Test::Harness::Straps
+
+Detailed analysis of test results
+
+=item Test::Harness::TAP
+
+Documentation for the TAP format
+
+=item Test::More
+
+Yet another framework for writing test scripts
+
+=item Test::Simple
+
+Basic utilities for writing tests.
+
+=item Test::Tutorial
+
+A tutorial about writing really basic tests
+
+=item Text::Abbrev
+
+Create an abbreviation table from a list
+
+=item Text::Balanced
+
+Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
+
+=item Text::ParseWords
+
+Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
+
+=item Text::Soundex
+
+Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
+
+=item Text::Tabs
+
+Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
+
+=item Text::Wrap
+
+Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
+
+=item Thread
+
+Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
+
+=item Thread::Queue
+
+Thread-safe queues
+
+=item Thread::Semaphore
+
+Thread-safe semaphores
+
+=item Thread::Signal
+
+Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)
+
+=item Thread::Specific
+
+Thread-specific keys
+
+=item Tie::Array
+
+Base class for tied arrays
+
+=item Tie::File
+
+Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
+
+=item Tie::Handle
+
+Base class definitions for tied handles
+
+=item Tie::Hash
+
+Base class definitions for tied hashes
+
+=item Tie::Memoize
+
+Add data to hash when needed
+
+=item Tie::RefHash
Use references as hash keys
Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
+=item Time::HiRes
+
+High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
+
=item Time::Local
Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
+=item Unicode::Collate
+
+Unicode Collation Algorithm
+
+=item Unicode::Normalize
+
+Unicode Normalization Forms
+
+=item Unicode::UCD
+
+Unicode character database
+
=item User::grent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
+=item XS::APItest
+
+Test the perl C API
+
+=item XS::Typemap
+
+Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
+
+=item XSLoader
+
+Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
+
=back
To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
-those without documentation or outside the standard release,
-jus tdo this:
+those without documentation or outside the standard release,
+just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
+double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
- % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
+ % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
+ 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
+ no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
+(The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
+Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
+incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
+your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
+install process.)
+
=head2 Extension Modules
Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
-but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
+but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
-like Alta Vista or Deja News.
+like Alta Vista or Google.
=head1 CPAN
CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
-guides, tricks and trap, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
+guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
-CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
-http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
+CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
=over
=item *
+
Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
=item *
+
Development Support
=item *
+
Operating System Interfaces
=item *
+
Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
=item *
+
Data Types and Data Type Utilities
=item *
+
Database Interfaces
=item *
+
User Interfaces
=item *
+
Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
=item *
+
File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
=item *
+
String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
=item *
+
Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
=item *
+
Internationalization and Locale
=item *
+
Authentication, Security, and Encryption
=item *
+
World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
=item *
+
Server and Daemon Utilities
=item *
+
Archiving and Compression
=item *
+
Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
=item *
+
Mail and Usenet News
=item *
+
Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
=item *
+
File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
=item *
+
Miscellaneous Modules
=back
-Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
-You should try to choose one close to you:
+The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
+Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
-=over
+Continent
+ |
+ |-->Country
+ |
+ |-->[state/province]
+ |
+ |-->ftp
+ |
+ |-->[http]
+
+and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
+European and the South American sites.
+
+You should try to choose one close to you.
+
+=head2 Africa
+
+=over 4
+
+=item South Africa
+
+ http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Asia
+
+=over 4
+
+=item China
+
+ http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
+ http://cpan.shellhung.org/
+ ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
+
+=item Indonesia
+
+ http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
+ http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
+ ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
+
+=item Israel
+
+ ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
+ http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Japan
+
+ ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.cpan.jp/
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Malaysia
+
+ http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
+ http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
+
+=item Russian Federation
+
+ http://cpan.tomsk.ru
+ ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
+
+=item Saudi Arabia
+
+ ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
-=item Africa
-
- South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
- ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
-
-
-=item Asia
-
- China ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Hong Kong ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Indonesia ftp://malone.piksi.itb.ac.id/pub/CPAN/
- Israel ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
- Japan ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
- Saudi-Arabia ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
- Singapore ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
- South Korea ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
- Taiwan ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/computer-languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub3/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
- Thailand ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
-
-
-=item Australasia
-
- Australia ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.labyrinth.net.au/pub/perl-CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sage-au.org.au/pub/compilers/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
- New Zealand ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.net.nz/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
-
-
-=item Central America
-
- Costa Rica ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
-
-
-=item Europe
-
- Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Bulgaria ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- Croatia ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
- Czech Republic ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
- ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/
- Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Estonia ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- France ftp://ftp.grolier.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
- German ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
- Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/
- ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Germany ftp://ftp.archive.de.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/
- ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
- Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Iceland ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/
- Ireland ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
- Italy ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
- Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
- ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Poland ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
- Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/mirrors/cpan/
- ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
- Romania ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
- Russia ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Slovakia ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
- Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
- ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
- Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
- Turkey ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
- United Kingdom ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
-
-
-=item North America
-
- Alberta ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
- California ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
- http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
- Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Florida ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Georgia ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/CPAN/
- Illinois ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Indiana ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
- Kentucky ftp://ftp.uky.edu/CPAN/
- Manitoba ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
- Massachusetts ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
- Mexico ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
- New York ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
- North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
- Nova Scotia ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
- Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
- Ontario ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
- Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
- Pennsylvania ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
- Tennessee ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
- Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
- ftp://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- Utah ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
- Virginia ftp://ftp.perl.org/pub/perl/CPAN/
- ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
- Washington ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
-
-
-=item South America
-
- Brazil ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
- ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/
- Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/PERL/
+=item Singapore
+
+ http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
+ ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
+ http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
+ http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
+ ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
+
+=item South Korea
+
+ http://CPAN.bora.net/
+ ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
+
+=item Taiwan
+
+ ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
+ http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
+ ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
+ http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Thailand
+
+ ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
=back
+=head2 Central America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Costa Rica
+
+ http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Europe
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Austria
+
+ http://cpan.inode.at/
+ ftp://cpan.inode.at
+ ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Belgium
+
+ http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.skynet.be
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item Bosnia and Herzegovina
+
+ http://cpan.blic.net/
+
+=item Bulgaria
+
+ http://cpan.online.bg
+ ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
+ http://cpan.zadnik.org
+ ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.lirex.net/
+ ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
+
+=item Croatia
+
+ http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Czech Republic
+
+ ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Denmark
+
+ http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
+ ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
+ http://cpan.cybercity.dk
+ http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
+ ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
+
+=item Estonia
+
+ ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Finland
+
+ ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
+
+=item France
+
+ http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
+ http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
+ http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
+ ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://fr.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
+ http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
+ ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
+ http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
+ ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
+ http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
+ ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Germany
+
+ ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
+ http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.noris.de/
+ ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item Greece
+
+ ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
+ ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
+
+=item Hungary
+
+ http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Iceland
+
+ http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Ireland
+
+ http://cpan.indigo.ie/
+ ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+ ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
+
+=item Italy
+
+ http://cpan.nettuno.it/
+ http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
+ ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
+ ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
+ ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
+ http://cpan.flashnet.it/
+ ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Latvia
+
+ http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Lithuania
+
+ ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Netherlands
+
+ ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
+ ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
+ http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
+ http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item Norway
+
+ ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
+
+=item Poland
+
+ ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Portugal
+
+ ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
+ ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
+ http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
+ http://cpan.ip.pt/
+ ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
+ http://cpan.telepac.pt/
+ ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
+
+=item Romania
+
+ ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
+ ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
+ http://cpan.ambra.ro/
+ ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item Russia
+
+ ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.rinet.ru/
+ ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
+ ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Slovakia
+
+ ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Slovenia
+
+ ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Spain
+
+ http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
+ ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
+
+=item Sweden
+
+ http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
+ ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Switzerland
+
+ http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
+ ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
+ ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item Turkey
+
+ http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
+
+=item Ukraine
+
+ http://cpan.org.ua/
+ ftp://cpan.org.ua/
+ ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
+ http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
+ ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item United Kingdom
+
+ http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
+ ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
+ http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
+ ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.etla.org/
+ ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
+ ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
+ http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
+ ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 North America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Canada
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Alberta
+
+ http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
+ ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Manitoba
+
+ http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Nova Scotia
+
+ ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Ontario
+
+ ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=item Mexico
+
+ http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
+ ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
+ http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
+ ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
+ http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item United States
+
+=over 8
+
+=item Alabama
+
+ http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
+
+=item California
+
+ http://cpan.develooper.com/
+ http://www.cpan.org/
+ ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
+ ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
+ ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
+ http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
+ ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.digisle.net/
+ ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
+ http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
+ http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
+
+=item Colorado
+
+ ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.four10.com
+
+=item Delaware
+
+ http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item District of Columbia
+
+ ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Florida
+
+ ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
+
+=item Indiana
+
+ ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.netnitco.net/
+ ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
+ ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
+ http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
+ http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item Kentucky
+
+ http://cpan.uky.edu/
+ ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
+ ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
+
+=item Massachusetts
+
+ http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
+ ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item Michigan
+
+ ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
+ http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item Nevada
+
+ http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
+ ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
+
+=item New Jersey
+
+ http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
+ ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
+
+=item New York
+
+ http://cpan.belfry.net/
+ http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
+ ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
+ http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
+ ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
+ ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
+
+=item North Carolina
+
+ http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
+ ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
+ ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
+
+=item Oklahoma
+
+ ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item Oregon
+
+ ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
+
+=item Pennsylvania
+
+ http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
+ http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.pair.com/
+ ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Tennessee
+
+ ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Texas
+
+ http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
+ ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
+ http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
+
+=item Utah
+
+ ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
+
+=item Virginia
+
+ http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
+ ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
+ http://perl.secsup.org/
+ ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
+ http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
+
+=item Washington
+
+ http://cpan.llarian.net/
+ ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
+ ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
+
+=item Wisconsin
+
+ http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
+ http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
+ ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
+
+=back
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Oceania
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Australia
+
+ http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
+
+=item New Zealand
+
+ ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
+
+=item United States
+
+ http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
+ ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 South America
+
+=over 4
+
+=item Argentina
+
+ ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
+ http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
+ ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
+
+=item Brazil
+
+ ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
+ ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
+ http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
+ ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
+
+=item Chile
+
+ http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
+ ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
+
+=back
+
+=head2 RSYNC Mirrors
+
+ www.linux.org.ar::cpan
+ theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
+ ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
+ rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
+ ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
+ mir1.ovh.net::CPAN
+ rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
+ ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
+ ftp.leo.org::CPAN
+ ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
+ rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
+ ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
+ gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
+ ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
+ ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
+ mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
+ rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
+ mirror.averse.net::cpan
+ rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
+ ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
+ ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN
+ cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
+ cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
+ rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
+ ftp.sedl.org::cpan
+ ibiblio.org::CPAN
+ cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
+ aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
+ archive.progeny.com::CPAN
+ rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
+ mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
+ cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
+ ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
+ mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
+ mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
+ cpan.pair.com::CPAN
+ cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
+ mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
+ csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
+
For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
-see http://www.perl.com/perl/CPAN/SITES or ftp://www.perl.com/CPAN/SITES .
+see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
=head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
-exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
+exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
=head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
=over 4
-=item Do similar modules already exist in some form?
+=item *
+
+Do similar modules already exist in some form?
If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
scheme as the original author.
-=item Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
+=item *
+
+Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
-of code that need less warnings.
+of code that need less warnings.
Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
e.g.,:
sub new {
- my $class = shift;
- return bless {}, $class;
+ my $class = shift;
+ return bless {}, $class;
}
or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
or a virtual method.
sub new {
- my $self = shift;
- my $class = ref($self) || $self;
- return bless {}, $class;
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $class = ref($self) || $self;
+ return bless {}, $class;
}
Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
information in objects.
-Always use B<-w>.
+Always use B<-w>.
Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
-of code that need less strictness.
+of code that need less strictness.
-Always use B<-w>.
+Always use B<-w>.
Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
Always use B<-w>.
-=item Some simple style guidelines
+=item *
+
+Some simple style guidelines
The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
-=item Select what to export.
+=item *
+
+Select what to export.
Do NOT export method names!
then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
@EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
-=item Select a name for the module.
+=item *
+
+Select a name for the module.
This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
those modules.
+If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
+that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
+that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
+can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
+using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
+
To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
-=item Have you got it right?
+=item *
+
+Have you got it right?
How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
-=item README and other Additional Files.
+=item *
+
+README and other Additional Files.
It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
=over 10
=item *
+
A description of the module/package/extension etc.
=item *
+
A copyright notice - see below.
=item *
+
Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
=item *
+
How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
=item *
+
How to install it.
=item *
+
Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
=item *
+
Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
=back
=over 4
-=item Adding a Copyright Notice.
+=item *
+
+Adding a Copyright Notice.
How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
-Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
-GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
-Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
+Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
+and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
+or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
+just using the GNU GPL.
My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
-=item Give the module a version/issue/release number.
+=item *
+
+Give the module a version/issue/release number.
To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
should store your module's version number in a non-my package
releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
-=item How to release and distribute a module.
+=item *
+
+How to release and distribute a module.
It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
distribution.
-If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
+If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
include details of its location in your announcement.
Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
Follow the instructions and links on:
- http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/00modlist.long.html
- http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/04pause.html
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
+ http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
or upload to one of these sites:
Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
-=item Take care when changing a released module.
+=item *
+
+Take care when changing a released module.
Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
=over 4
-=item There is no requirement to convert anything.
+=item *
+
+There is no requirement to convert anything.
If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
-=item Consider the implications.
+=item *
+
+Consider the implications.
All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
-=item Make the most of the opportunity.
+=item *
+
+Make the most of the opportunity.
If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
-=item The pl2pm utility will get you started.
+=item *
+
+The pl2pm utility will get you started.
This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
=over 10
=item *
+
Adds the standard Module prologue lines
=item *
+
Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
=item *
+
Converts die(...) to croak(...)
=item *
+
Several other minor changes
=back
=over 4
-=item Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+=item *
+
+Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
+
+=item *
-=item Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
+Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
to reuse.
-=item Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+=item *
+
+Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
+
+=item *
+
+Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
-=item Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
+=item *
-=item In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
+In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
the application could invoked as:
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff