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regex: Add pseudo-Posix class: 'cased'
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 4979b6a..86f6a29 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -91,12 +91,6 @@ extern const struct regexp_engine my_reg_engine;
 #include "inline_invlist.c"
 #include "unicode_constants.h"
 
-#ifdef HAS_ISBLANK
-#   define hasISBLANK 1
-#else
-#   define hasISBLANK 0
-#endif
-
 #define HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE(i) _HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(i)
 #define IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD(c) _IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c)
 #define IS_IN_SOME_FOLD_L1(c) _IS_IN_SOME_FOLD_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C(c)
@@ -263,6 +257,11 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
                                      if (! UTF) JMPENV_JUMP(UTF8_LONGJMP); \
                         } STMT_END
 
+/* This converts the named class defined in regcomp.h to its equivalent class
+ * number defined in handy.h. */
+#define namedclass_to_classnum(class)  ((int) ((class) / 2))
+#define classnum_to_namedclass(classnum)  ((classnum) * 2)
+
 /* About scan_data_t.
 
   During optimisation we recurse through the regexp program performing
@@ -449,7 +448,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
     IV len = RExC_end - RExC_precomp;                                  \
                                                                        \
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                                    \
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);                   \
+       SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);                                         \
     if (len > RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages) {                      \
        /* chop 10 shorter than the max, to ensure meaning of "..." */  \
        len = RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages - 10;                    \
@@ -480,7 +479,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define        vFAIL(m) STMT_START {                           \
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                    \
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);   \
+       SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);                         \
     Simple_vFAIL(m);                                   \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -498,7 +497,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define        vFAIL2(m,a1) STMT_START {                       \
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                    \
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);   \
+       SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);                         \
     Simple_vFAIL2(m, a1);                              \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -517,7 +516,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define        vFAIL3(m,a1,a2) STMT_START {                    \
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)                                    \
-       SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);   \
+       SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);                         \
     Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2);                          \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -695,8 +694,6 @@ DEBUG_OPTIMISE_MORE_r(if(data){                                      \
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"\n");                              \
 });
 
-static void clear_re(pTHX_ void *r);
-
 /* Mark that we cannot extend a found fixed substring at this point.
    Update the longest found anchored substring and the longest found
    floating substrings if needed. */
@@ -752,6 +749,17 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data, I32 *min
     DEBUG_STUDYDATA("commit: ",data,0);
 }
 
+/* These macros set, clear and test whether the synthetic start class ('ssc',
+ * given by the parameter) matches an empty string (EOS).  This uses the
+ * 'next_off' field in the node, to save a bit in the flags field.  The ssc
+ * stands alone, so there is never a next_off, so this field is otherwise
+ * unused.  The EOS information is used only for compilation, but theoretically
+ * it could be passed on to the execution code.  This could be used to store
+ * more than one bit of information, but only this one is currently used. */
+#define SET_SSC_EOS(node)   STMT_START { (node)->next_off = TRUE; } STMT_END
+#define CLEAR_SSC_EOS(node) STMT_START { (node)->next_off = FALSE; } STMT_END
+#define TEST_SSC_EOS(node)  cBOOL((node)->next_off)
+
 /* Can match anything (initialization) */
 STATIC void
 S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
@@ -759,8 +767,8 @@ S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *c
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_ANYTHING;
 
     ANYOF_BITMAP_SETALL(cl);
-    cl->flags = ANYOF_CLASS|ANYOF_EOS|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL
-               |ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+    cl->flags = ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+    SET_SSC_EOS(cl);
 
     /* If any portion of the regex is to operate under locale rules,
      * initialization includes it.  The reason this isn't done for all regexes
@@ -771,7 +779,7 @@ S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *c
      * necessary. */
     if (RExC_contains_locale) {
        ANYOF_CLASS_SETALL(cl);     /* /l uses class */
-       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE|ANYOF_LOC_FOLD;
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE|ANYOF_CLASS|ANYOF_LOC_FOLD;
     }
     else {
        ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);       /* Only /l uses class now */
@@ -820,7 +828,7 @@ S_cl_and(struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
 {
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_AND;
 
-    assert(and_with->type == ANYOF);
+    assert(PL_regkind[and_with->type] == ANYOF);
 
     /* I (khw) am not sure all these restrictions are necessary XXX */
     if (!(ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(and_with))
@@ -994,11 +1002,7 @@ S_cl_or(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, con
            /* OR char bitmap and class bitmap separately */
            for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE; i++)
                cl->bitmap[i] |= or_with->bitmap[i];
-           if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(or_with)) {
-               for (i = 0; i < ANYOF_CLASSBITMAP_SIZE; i++)
-                   cl->classflags[i] |= or_with->classflags[i];
-               cl->flags |= ANYOF_CLASS;
-           }
+            ANYOF_CLASS_OR(or_with, cl);
        }
        else { /* XXXX: logic is complicated, leave it along for a moment. */
            cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
@@ -1548,7 +1552,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
 #endif
 
     switch (flags) {
-       case EXACT: break;
+        case EXACT: break;
        case EXACTFA:
         case EXACTFU_SS:
         case EXACTFU_TRICKYFOLD:
@@ -2449,7 +2453,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot + TRIE_WORDS_OFFSET ] = (void*)trie_words;
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot + 3 ] = (void*)revcharmap;
 #else
-    SvREFCNT_dec(revcharmap);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(revcharmap);
 #endif
     return trie->jump 
            ? MADE_JUMP_TRIE 
@@ -2730,6 +2734,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan, UV *min_subtract, b
 
             /* XXX I (khw) kind of doubt that this works on platforms where
              * U8_MAX is above 255 because of lots of other assumptions */
+            /* Don't join if the sum can't fit into a single node */
             if (oldl + STR_LEN(n) > U8_MAX)
                 break;
             
@@ -2956,34 +2961,6 @@ typedef struct scan_frame {
 
 #define SCAN_COMMIT(s, data, m) scan_commit(s, data, m, is_inf)
 
-#define CASE_SYNST_FNC(nAmE)                                       \
-case nAmE:                                                         \
-    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {                              \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                  \
-               if (!is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                       \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);  \
-    }                                                              \
-    else {                                                         \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                  \
-               if (is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                        \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);    \
-    }                                                              \
-    break;                                                         \
-case N ## nAmE:                                                    \
-    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {                              \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                   \
-               if (is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                         \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);   \
-    }                                                               \
-    else {                                                          \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                   \
-               if (!is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                        \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);     \
-    }                                                               \
-    break
-
-
-
 STATIC I32
 S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         I32 *minlenp, I32 *deltap,
@@ -3175,7 +3152,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
                        flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                }
 
@@ -3583,7 +3560,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                 * utf8 string, so accept a possible false positive for
                 * latin1-range folds */
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
                    && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOC_FOLD)
                        || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc])))
@@ -3611,7 +3588,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        }
                    }
                }
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                if (uc < 0x100)
                  data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
            }
@@ -3621,7 +3598,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
                else
                    data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
            }
            flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
@@ -3660,7 +3637,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
                int compat = 1;
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
                  && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
                  && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc])))
                {
@@ -3670,7 +3647,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
                if (compat) {
                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
-                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                    CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL) {
                        /* XXX This set is probably no longer necessary, and
                         * probably wrong as LOCALE now is on in the initial
@@ -3737,7 +3714,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                            }
                         }
                    }
-                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                    CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                }
                cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
            }
@@ -3854,7 +3831,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
                        flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                } else {                /* Non-zero len */
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
@@ -3873,8 +3850,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    && data && !(data->flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
                    && maxcount <= REG_INFTY/3) /* Complement check for big count */
                {
+                   /* Fatal warnings may leak the regexp without this: */
+                   SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);
                    ckWARNreg(RExC_parse,
                              "Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression");
+                   (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
                }
 
                min += minnext * mincount;
@@ -4117,7 +4097,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
        else if (OP(scan) == LNBREAK) {
            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
                int value = 0;
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class); /* No match on empty */
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                     for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
                         if (!is_VERTWS_cp(value))
@@ -4150,15 +4130,20 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
            min++;
            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+                int loop_max = 256;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class); /* No match on empty */
 
                /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
                   locale on will only add false positives. */
                switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
+                    U8 classnum;
+
                case SANY:
                default:
-                 do_default:
-                   /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan)); */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+                   Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unexpected simple REx opcode %d", OP(scan));
+#endif
+                 do_default:
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) /* Allow everything */
                        cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                    break;
@@ -4167,7 +4152,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        goto do_default;
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
                        value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
-                                || ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(data->start_class));
+                               || ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(data->start_class));
                        cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                    }
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
@@ -4181,200 +4166,77 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
                              (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
                    break;
-               case ALNUM:
+               case POSIXA:
+                    loop_max = 128;
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+               case POSIXL:
+               case POSIXD:
+               case POSIXU:
+                    classnum = FLAGS(scan);
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                        if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NWORDCHAR);
-                            if (OP(scan) == ALNUMU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isALNUM(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum) + 1);
+                            for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                                if (! _generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                                 }
                             }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_WORDCHAR);
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum));
+                        }
+                        else {
 
                        /* Even if under locale, set the bits for non-locale
                         * in case it isn't a true locale-node.  This will
                         * create false positives if it truly is locale */
-                        if (OP(scan) == ALNUMU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isALNUM(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
+                        for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                            if (_generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                             }
                         }
+                        }
                    }
                    break;
-               case NALNUM:
+               case NPOSIXA:
+                    loop_max = 128;
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+               case NPOSIXL:
+               case NPOSIXU:
+               case NPOSIXD:
+                    classnum = FLAGS(scan);
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                        if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_WORDCHAR);
-                            if (OP(scan) == NALNUMU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum));
+                            for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                                if (_generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                                 }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isALNUM(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                           }
+                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NWORDCHAR);
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum) + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
 
                        /* Even if under locale, set the bits for non-locale in
                         * case it isn't a true locale-node.  This will create
                         * false positives if it truly is locale */
-                       if (OP(scan) == NALNUMU) {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                               if (! isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                               if (! isALNUM(value)) {
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case SPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                           if (OP(scan) == SPACEU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isSPACE(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
+                        for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                            if (! _generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                             }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                        if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
                         }
-                        if (OP(scan) == SPACEU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isSPACE(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NSPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
-                            if (OP(scan) == NSPACEU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isSPACE(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                        if (OP(scan) == NSPACEU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (!isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
+                        if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == NPOSIXD) {
+                            data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
                         }
-                        else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (!isSPACE(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
                         }
                    }
                    break;
-               case DIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                            ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NDIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE))
-                            ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   break;
-               CASE_SYNST_FNC(VERTWS);
-               CASE_SYNST_FNC(HORIZWS);
-
                }
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
                    cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
@@ -4477,11 +4339,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        cl_init(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                    }  else {
                        /* AND before and after: combine and continue */
-                       const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+                       const int was = TEST_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
 
                        cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
                        if (was)
-                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                            SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                 }
            }
@@ -4549,11 +4411,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                 *minnextp += min;
 
                 if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                    const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+                    const int was = TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class);
 
                     cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
                     if (was)
-                        data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                 }
                 if (data) {
                     if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
@@ -4565,7 +4427,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         if (RExC_rx->minlen<*minnextp)
                             RExC_rx->minlen=*minnextp;
                         SCAN_COMMIT(pRExC_state, &data_fake, minnextp);
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(data_fake.last_found);
+                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(data_fake.last_found);
                         
                         if ( data_fake.minlen_fixed != minlenp ) 
                         {
@@ -4756,7 +4618,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                     StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
                                struct regnode_charclass_class);
                     flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                    data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                    SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                 }
             }
             scan= tail;
@@ -4872,13 +4734,18 @@ Perl_reginitcolors(pTHX)
 
 
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT
-#define CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO                                  \
+#define CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO_butfirst(dOsomething)            \
+    STMT_START {                                            \
         if (                                                \
               (data.flags & SCF_TRIE_RESTUDY)               \
               && ! restudied++                              \
-        )     goto reStudy
+        ) {                                                 \
+            dOsomething;                                    \
+            goto reStudy;                                   \
+        }                                                   \
+    } STMT_END
 #else
-#define CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO
+#define CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO_butfirst
 #endif        
 
 /*
@@ -5091,14 +4958,18 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
         * handling */
        PL_reg_state.re_reparsing = TRUE;
        eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
-       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
        SPAGAIN;
        qr_ref = POPs;
        PUTBACK;
-       if (SvTRUE(ERRSV))
        {
-           Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
-           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVx_nolen_const(ERRSV));
+           SV * const errsv = ERRSV;
+           if (SvTRUE_NN(errsv))
+           {
+               Safefree(pRExC_state->code_blocks);
+                /* use croak_sv ? */
+               Perl_croak_nocontext("%s", SvPV_nolen_const(errsv));
+           }
        }
        assert(SvROK(qr_ref));
        qr = SvRV(qr_ref);
@@ -5133,7 +5004,7 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
 
        if (!r2->num_code_blocks) /* we guessed wrong */
        {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(qr);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(qr);
            return 1;
        }
 
@@ -5182,7 +5053,7 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
        r1->code_blocks = new_block;
     }
 
-    SvREFCNT_dec(qr);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(qr);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -5327,50 +5198,55 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
        PL_ASCII = _new_invlist_C_array(ASCII_invlist);
        PL_Latin1 = _new_invlist_C_array(Latin1_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixAlnum = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixAlnum_invlist);
-       PL_PosixAlnum = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlnum_invlist);
-
-       PL_L1PosixAlpha = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixAlpha_invlist);
-       PL_PosixAlpha = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlpha_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHANUMERIC]
+                                = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixAlnum_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHANUMERIC]
+                                = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlnum_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixBlank = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixBlank_invlist);
-       PL_XPosixBlank = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixBlank_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHA]
+                                = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixAlpha_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHA] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlpha_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1Cased = _new_invlist_C_array(L1Cased_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_BLANK] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixBlank_invlist);
+       PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_BLANK] = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixBlank_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixCntrl = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixCntrl_invlist);
-       PL_XPosixCntrl = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixCntrl_invlist);
+        /* Cased is the same as Alpha in the ASCII range */
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_CASED] =  _new_invlist_C_array(L1Cased_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_CASED] =  _new_invlist_C_array(PosixAlpha_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixDigit = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixDigit_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_CNTRL] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixCntrl_invlist);
+       PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_CNTRL] = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixCntrl_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixGraph = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixGraph_invlist);
-       PL_PosixGraph = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixGraph_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_DIGIT] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixDigit_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixLower = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixLower_invlist);
-       PL_PosixLower = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixLower_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_GRAPH] = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixGraph_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_GRAPH] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixGraph_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixPrint = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixPrint_invlist);
-       PL_PosixPrint = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixPrint_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_LOWER] = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixLower_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_LOWER] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixLower_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixPunct = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixPunct_invlist);
-       PL_PosixPunct = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixPunct_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_PRINT] = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixPrint_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_PRINT] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixPrint_invlist);
 
-       PL_PerlSpace = _new_invlist_C_array(PerlSpace_invlist);
-       PL_XPerlSpace = _new_invlist_C_array(XPerlSpace_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_PUNCT] = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixPunct_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_PUNCT] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixPunct_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixSpace = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixSpace_invlist);
-       PL_XPosixSpace = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixSpace_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_SPACE] = _new_invlist_C_array(PerlSpace_invlist);
+       PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_SPACE] = _new_invlist_C_array(XPerlSpace_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_PSXSPC] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixSpace_invlist);
+       PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_PSXSPC] = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixSpace_invlist);
 
-       PL_L1PosixUpper = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixUpper_invlist);
-       PL_PosixUpper = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixUpper_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_UPPER] = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixUpper_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_UPPER] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixUpper_invlist);
 
-       PL_VertSpace = _new_invlist_C_array(VertSpace_invlist);
+        PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_VERTSPACE] = _new_invlist_C_array(VertSpace_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixWord = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixWord_invlist);
-       PL_L1PosixWord = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixWord_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_WORDCHAR] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixWord_invlist);
+       PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_WORDCHAR]
+                                = _new_invlist_C_array(L1PosixWord_invlist);
 
-       PL_PosixXDigit = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixXDigit_invlist);
-       PL_XPosixXDigit = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixXDigit_invlist);
+       PL_Posix_ptrs[_CC_XDIGIT] = _new_invlist_C_array(PosixXDigit_invlist);
+       PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_XDIGIT] = _new_invlist_C_array(XPosixXDigit_invlist);
 
         PL_HasMultiCharFold = _new_invlist_C_array(_Perl_Multi_Char_Folds_invlist);
     }
@@ -5433,7 +5309,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
            if (pRExC_state->num_code_blocks) {
                o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
-               assert(o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
+               assert(   o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
+                       || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && o->op_targ == OP_PUSHMARK)
+                       || o->op_type == OP_PADRANGE);
                o = o->op_sibling;
            }
 
@@ -5457,6 +5335,17 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
                SV *sv, *msv = *svp;
                SV *rx;
                bool code = 0;
+                /* we make the assumption here that each op in the list of
+                 * op_siblings maps to one SV pushed onto the stack,
+                 * except for code blocks, with have both an OP_NULL and
+                 * and OP_CONST.
+                 * This allows us to match up the list of SVs against the
+                 * list of OPs to find the next code block.
+                 *
+                 * Note that       PUSHMARK PADSV PADSV ..
+                 * is optimised to
+                 *                 PADRANGE NULL  NULL  ..
+                 * so the alignment still works. */
                if (o) {
                    if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
                        assert(n < pRExC_state->num_code_blocks);
@@ -5762,7 +5651,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     RExC_pm_flags = pm_flags;
 
     if (runtime_code) {
-       if (PL_tainting && PL_tainted)
+       if (TAINTING_get && TAINT_get)
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Eval-group in insecure regular expression");
 
        if (!S_compile_runtime_code(aTHX_ pRExC_state, exp, plen)) {
@@ -6027,11 +5916,6 @@ reStudy:
             RExC_seen |= REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES;
         else
             RExC_seen &= ~REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES;
-        if (data.last_found) {
-            SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_fixed);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_float);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(data.last_found);
-       }
        StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
     }
 #else
@@ -6197,6 +6081,10 @@ reStudy:
        data.longest_float = newSVpvs("");
        data.last_found = newSVpvs("");
        data.longest = &(data.longest_fixed);
+       ENTER_with_name("study_chunk");
+       SAVEFREESV(data.longest_fixed);
+       SAVEFREESV(data.longest_float);
+       SAVEFREESV(data.last_found);
        first = scan;
        if (!ri->regstclass) {
            cl_init(pRExC_state, &ch_class);
@@ -6211,7 +6099,7 @@ reStudy:
             SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS | stclass_flag,0);
 
 
-        CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO;
+        CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO_butfirst(LEAVE_with_name("study_chunk"));
 
 
        if ( RExC_npar == 1 && data.longest == &(data.longest_fixed)
@@ -6221,7 +6109,6 @@ reStudy:
             && (!(RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_GPOS) || (r->extflags & RXf_ANCH_GPOS)))
            r->extflags |= RXf_CHECK_ALL;
        scan_commit(pRExC_state, &data,&minlen,0);
-       SvREFCNT_dec(data.last_found);
 
        longest_float_length = CHR_SVLEN(data.longest_float);
 
@@ -6244,10 +6131,10 @@ reStudy:
            r->float_max_offset = data.offset_float_max;
            if (data.offset_float_max < I32_MAX) /* Don't offset infinity */
                r->float_max_offset -= data.lookbehind_float;
+           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(data.longest_float);
        }
        else {
            r->float_substr = r->float_utf8 = NULL;
-           SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_float);
            longest_float_length = 0;
        }
 
@@ -6266,12 +6153,13 @@ reStudy:
                                 data.flags & SF_FIX_BEFORE_MEOL))
         {
            r->anchored_offset = data.offset_fixed - data.lookbehind_fixed;
+           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(data.longest_fixed);
        }
        else {
            r->anchored_substr = r->anchored_utf8 = NULL;
-           SvREFCNT_dec(data.longest_fixed);
            longest_fixed_length = 0;
        }
+       LEAVE_with_name("study_chunk");
 
        if (ri->regstclass
            && (OP(ri->regstclass) == REG_ANY || OP(ri->regstclass) == SANY))
@@ -6279,11 +6167,11 @@ reStudy:
 
        if ((!(r->anchored_substr || r->anchored_utf8) || r->anchored_offset)
            && stclass_flag
-           && !(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && ! TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class))
        {
            const U32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
-           data.start_class->flags |= ANYOF_IS_SYNTHETIC;
+           OP(data.start_class) = ANYOF_SYNTHETIC;
 
            Newx(RExC_rxi->data->data[n], 1,
                struct regnode_charclass_class);
@@ -6346,16 +6234,16 @@ reStudy:
        minlen = study_chunk(pRExC_state, &scan, &minlen, &fake, scan + RExC_size,
            &data, -1, NULL, NULL, SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND|SCF_WHILEM_VISITED_POS,0);
         
-        CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO;
+        CHECK_RESTUDY_GOTO_butfirst(NOOP);
 
        r->check_substr = r->check_utf8 = r->anchored_substr = r->anchored_utf8
                = r->float_substr = r->float_utf8 = NULL;
 
-       if (!(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+       if (! TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class))
        {
            const U32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
-           data.start_class->flags |= ANYOF_IS_SYNTHETIC;
+           OP(data.start_class) = ANYOF_SYNTHETIC;
 
            Newx(RExC_rxi->data->data[n], 1,
                struct regnode_charclass_class);
@@ -6420,7 +6308,7 @@ reStudy:
             r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
         else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
-        else if (fop == PLUS && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == SPACE
+        else if (fop == PLUS && PL_regkind[OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == POSIXD && FLAGS(NEXTOPER(first)) == _CC_SPACE
                             && OP(regnext(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;    
     }
@@ -6475,7 +6363,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const key, SV * const value,
     if (flags & RXapif_FETCH) {
         return reg_named_buff_fetch(rx, key, flags);
     } else if (flags & (RXapif_STORE | RXapif_DELETE | RXapif_CLEAR)) {
-        Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
+        Perl_croak_no_modify();
         return NULL;
     } else if (flags & RXapif_EXISTS) {
         return reg_named_buff_exists(rx, key, flags)
@@ -6564,7 +6452,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_exists(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, SV * const key,
         } else {
            SV *sv = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH(r, key, flags);
             if (sv) {
-               SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+               SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
                 return TRUE;
             } else {
                 return FALSE;
@@ -6641,7 +6529,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_scalar(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
             ret = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_ALL(r, (flags | RXapif_REGNAMES));
             av = MUTABLE_AV(SvRV(ret));
             length = av_len(av);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(ret);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(ret);
             return newSViv(length + 1);
         } else {
             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Unknown flags %d in named_buff_scalar", (int)flags);
@@ -6743,10 +6631,14 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const I32 paren,
     assert(s >= rx->subbeg);
     assert(rx->sublen >= (s - rx->subbeg) + i );
     if (i >= 0) {
-        const int oldtainted = PL_tainted;
+#if NO_TAINT_SUPPORT
+        sv_setpvn(sv, s, i);
+#else
+        const int oldtainted = TAINT_get;
         TAINT_NOT;
         sv_setpvn(sv, s, i);
-        PL_tainted = oldtainted;
+        TAINT_set(oldtainted);
+#endif
         if ( (rx->extflags & RXf_CANY_SEEN)
             ? (RXp_MATCH_UTF8(rx)
                         && (!i || is_utf8_string((U8*)s, i)))
@@ -6756,12 +6648,12 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const I32 paren,
         }
         else
             SvUTF8_off(sv);
-        if (PL_tainting) {
+        if (TAINTING_get) {
             if (RXp_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) {
                 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG) {
                     MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(sv);
                     MAGIC* mgt;
-                    PL_tainted = 1;
+                    TAINT;
                     SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg->mg_moremagic);
                     SvTAINT(sv);
                     if ((mgt = SvMAGIC(sv))) {
@@ -6769,7 +6661,7 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const I32 paren,
                         SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg);
                     }
                 } else {
-                    PL_tainted = 1;
+                    TAINT;
                     SvTAINT(sv);
                 }
             } else 
@@ -6793,7 +6685,7 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_store(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren,
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(value);
 
     if (!PL_localizing)
-        Perl_croak_no_modify(aTHX);
+        Perl_croak_no_modify();
 }
 
 I32
@@ -7031,7 +6923,6 @@ S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags)
  * should eventually be made public */
 
 /* The header definitions are in F<inline_invlist.c> */
-
 #define TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(x) ((x + HEADER_LENGTH) * sizeof(UV))
 #define FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(x) ((x / sizeof(UV)) - HEADER_LENGTH)
 
@@ -7150,7 +7041,9 @@ S_invlist_max(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_MAX;
 
-    return FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(SvLEN(invlist));
+    return SvLEN(invlist) == 0  /* This happens under _new_invlist_C_array */
+           ? _invlist_len(invlist)
+           : FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(SvLEN(invlist));
 }
 
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV*
@@ -7223,6 +7116,13 @@ S__new_invlist_C_array(pTHX_ UV* list)
         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Incorrect version for previously generated inversion list");
     }
 
+    /* Initialize the iteration pointer.
+     * XXX This could be done at compile time in charclass_invlists.h, but I
+     * (khw) am not confident that the suffixes for specifying the C constant
+     * UV_MAX are portable, e.g.  'ull' on a 32 bit machine that is configured
+     * to use 64 bits; might need a Configure probe */
+    invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
+
     return invlist;
 }
 
@@ -7351,9 +7251,7 @@ Perl__invlist_search(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV cp)
        return -1;
     }
 
-    /* If the code point is before the first element, return failure.  (We
-     * can't combine this with the test above, because we can't get the array
-     * unless we know the list is non-empty) */
+    /* (We can't get the array unless we know the list is non-empty) */
     array = invlist_array(invlist);
 
     mid = invlist_previous_index(invlist);
@@ -7366,8 +7264,8 @@ Perl__invlist_search(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV cp)
      * And benchmarks show that caching gives better results.  We also test
      * here if the code point is within the bounds of the list.  These tests
      * replace others that would have had to be made anyway to make sure that
-     * the array bounds were not exceeded, and give us extra information at the
-     * same time */
+     * the array bounds were not exceeded, and these give us extra information
+     * at the same time */
     if (cp >= array[mid]) {
         if (cp >= array[highest_element]) {
             return highest_element;
@@ -7564,7 +7462,7 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
     if (a == NULL || ((len_a = _invlist_len(a)) == 0)) {
        if (*output == a) {
             if (a != NULL) {
-                SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
             }
        }
        if (*output != b) {
@@ -7577,14 +7475,14 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
     }
     else if ((len_b = _invlist_len(b)) == 0) {
        if (*output == b) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
        }
 
         /* The complement of an empty list is a list that has everything in it,
          * so the union with <a> includes everything too */
         if (complement_b) {
             if (a == *output) {
-                SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
             }
             *output = _new_invlist(1);
             _append_range_to_invlist(*output, 0, UV_MAX);
@@ -7740,7 +7638,8 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
 
     /*  We may be removing a reference to one of the inputs */
     if (a == *output || b == *output) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(*output);
+        assert(! invlist_is_iterating(*output));
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(*output);
     }
 
     /* If we've changed b, restore it */
@@ -7808,7 +7707,7 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
                 *i = invlist_clone(a);
 
                 if (*i == b) {
-                    SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
                 }
             }
             /* else *i is already 'a' */
@@ -7818,10 +7717,10 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
         /* Here, 'a' or 'b' is empty and not using the complement of 'b'.  The
          * intersection must be empty */
        if (*i == a) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
        }
        else if (*i == b) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
        }
        *i = _new_invlist(0);
        return;
@@ -7961,7 +7860,8 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
 
     /*  We may be removing a reference to one of the inputs */
     if (a == *i || b == *i) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(*i);
+        assert(! invlist_is_iterating(*i));
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(*i);
     }
 
     /* If we've changed b, restore it */
@@ -8010,7 +7910,7 @@ Perl__add_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV start, const UV end)
     _invlist_union(invlist, range_invlist, &invlist);
 
     /* The temporary can be freed */
-    SvREFCNT_dec(range_invlist);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(range_invlist);
 
     return invlist;
 }
@@ -8034,6 +7934,8 @@ Perl__invlist_invert(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_INVERT;
 
+    assert(! invlist_is_iterating(invlist));
+
     /* The inverse of matching nothing is matching everything */
     if (*len_pos == 0) {
        _append_range_to_invlist(invlist, 0, UV_MAX);
@@ -8139,6 +8041,22 @@ S_invlist_iterinit(pTHX_ SV* invlist)    /* Initialize iterator for invlist */
     *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = 0;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_iterfinish(pTHX_ SV* invlist)
+{
+    /* Terminate iterator for invlist.  This is to catch development errors.
+     * Any iteration that is interrupted before completed should call this
+     * function.  Functions that add code points anywhere else but to the end
+     * of an inversion list assert that they are not in the middle of an
+     * iteration.  If they were, the addition would make the iteration
+     * problematical: if the iteration hadn't reached the place where things
+     * were being added, it would be ok */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERFINISH;
+
+    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = UV_MAX;
+}
+
 STATIC bool
 S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
 {
@@ -8156,7 +8074,7 @@ S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERNEXT;
 
     if (*pos >= len) {
-       *pos = UV_MAX;  /* Force iternit() to be required next time */
+       *pos = UV_MAX;  /* Force iterinit() to be required next time */
        return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -8174,6 +8092,14 @@ S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
+S_invlist_is_iterating(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_IS_ITERATING;
+
+    return *(get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist)) < UV_MAX;
+}
+
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
 S_invlist_highest(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 {
@@ -8217,6 +8143,8 @@ Perl__invlist_contents(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_CONTENTS;
 
+    assert(! invlist_is_iterating(invlist));
+
     invlist_iterinit(invlist);
     while (invlist_iternext(invlist, &start, &end)) {
        if (end == UV_MAX) {
@@ -8235,25 +8163,36 @@ Perl__invlist_contents(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 }
 #endif
 
-#if 0
+#ifdef PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_DUMP
 void
-S_invlist_dump(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const char * const header)
+Perl__invlist_dump(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const char * const header)
 {
     /* Dumps out the ranges in an inversion list.  The string 'header'
      * if present is output on a line before the first range */
 
     UV start, end;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_DUMP;
+
     if (header && strlen(header)) {
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s\n", header);
     }
+    if (invlist_is_iterating(invlist)) {
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Can't dump because is in middle of iterating\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
     invlist_iterinit(invlist);
     while (invlist_iternext(invlist, &start, &end)) {
        if (end == UV_MAX) {
            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%04"UVXf" .. INFINITY\n", start);
        }
+       else if (end != start) {
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%04"UVXf" .. 0x%04"UVXf"\n",
+                                                start,         end);
+       }
        else {
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%04"UVXf" .. 0x%04"UVXf"\n", start, end);
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%04"UVXf"\n", start);
        }
     }
 }
@@ -8338,6 +8277,7 @@ S__invlistEQ(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool complement_b)
 #undef INVLIST_ZERO_OFFSET
 #undef INVLIST_ITER_OFFSET
 #undef INVLIST_VERSION_ID
+#undef INVLIST_PREVIOUS_INDEX_OFFSET
 
 /* End of inversion list object */
 
@@ -8630,7 +8570,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
                        /* Yes this does cause a memory leak in debugging Perls */
                         if (!av_store(RExC_paren_name_list, RExC_npar, SvREFCNT_inc(svname)))
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(svname);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(svname);
 #endif
 
                         /*sv_dump(sv_dat);*/
@@ -9523,6 +9463,16 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, OPFAIL);
                 return ret;
             }
+            else if (max == 0) {    /* replace {0} with a nothing node */
+                if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+                    RExC_size = PREVOPER(RExC_size) - regarglen[(U8)NOTHING];
+                }
+                else {
+                    RExC_emit = orig_emit;
+                }
+                ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING);
+                return ret;
+            }
 
        do_curly:
            if ((flags&SIMPLE)) {
@@ -9621,10 +9571,12 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     }
   nest_check:
     if (!SIZE_ONLY && !(flags&(HASWIDTH|POSTPONED)) && max > REG_INFTY/3) {
+       SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv); /* in case of fatal warnings */
        ckWARN3reg(RExC_parse,
                   "%.*s matches null string many times",
                   (int)(RExC_parse >= origparse ? RExC_parse - origparse : 0),
                   origparse);
+       (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
     }
 
     if (RExC_parse < RExC_end && *RExC_parse == '?') {
@@ -10088,10 +10040,14 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     I32 flags;
     char *parse_start = RExC_parse;
     U8 op;
+    int invert = 0;
+
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
-    DEBUG_PARSE("atom");
+
     *flagp = WORST;            /* Tentatively. */
 
+    DEBUG_PARSE("atom");
+
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGATOM;
 
 tryagain:
@@ -10186,6 +10142,7 @@ tryagain:
           literal text handling code.
        */
        switch ((U8)*++RExC_parse) {
+            U8 arg;
        /* Special Escapes */
        case 'A':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -10226,22 +10183,14 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, CLUMP);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'w':
-           op = ALNUM + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > ALNUMA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = ALNUMA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'W':
-           op = NALNUM + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > NALNUMA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = NALNUMA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'w':
+            arg = ANYOF_WORDCHAR;
+            goto join_posix;
+
        case 'b':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
            RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
@@ -10264,60 +10213,62 @@ tryagain:
            FLAGS(ret) = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 's':
-           op = SPACE + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > SPACEA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = SPACEA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'S':
-           op = NSPACE + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > NSPACEA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = NSPACEA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'D':
-            op = NDIGIT;
-            goto join_D_and_d;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 'd':
-            op = DIGIT;
-        join_D_and_d:
-            {
-                U8 offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-                if (offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
-                    offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET;
-                }
-                else if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                    offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
-                }
-                op += offset;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            arg = ANYOF_DIGIT;
+            goto join_posix;
+
        case 'R':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LNBREAK);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'h':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, HORIZWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'H':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NHORIZWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'v':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, VERTWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'h':
+           arg = ANYOF_BLANK;
+            op = POSIXU;
+            goto join_posix_op_known;
+
        case 'V':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NVERTWS);
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'v':
+           arg = ANYOF_VERTWS;
+            op = POSIXU;
+            goto join_posix_op_known;
+
+       case 'S':
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 's':
+            arg = ANYOF_SPACE;
+
+        join_posix:
+
+           op = POSIXD + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+            if (op > POSIXA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
+                op = POSIXA;
+            }
+
+        join_posix_op_known:
+
+            if (invert) {
+                op += NPOSIXD - POSIXD;
+            }
+
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
+            if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
+                FLAGS(ret) = namedclass_to_classnum(arg);
+            }
+
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+            /* FALL THROUGH */
+
          finish_meta_pat:          
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
             Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
@@ -10759,7 +10710,7 @@ tryagain:
                            FAIL("Trailing \\");
                        /* FALL THROUGH */
                    default:
-                       if (!SIZE_ONLY&& isALNUMC(*p)) {
+                       if (!SIZE_ONLY&& isALPHANUMERIC(*p)) {
                            ckWARN2reg(p + 1, "Unrecognized escape \\%.1s passed through", p);
                        }
                        goto normal_default;
@@ -10862,7 +10813,7 @@ tryagain:
                                                            &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                                         PL_utf8_foldable =
                                                     _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                                        SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                                     }
                                     if (_invlist_contains_cp(PL_utf8_foldable,
                                                              ender))
@@ -11145,8 +11096,8 @@ S_regwhite( RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, char *p )
 #define POSIXCC_NOTYET(c) ((c) == '=' || (c) == '.')
 #define POSIXCC(c) (POSIXCC_DONE(c) || POSIXCC_NOTYET(c))
 
-STATIC I32
-S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE I32
+S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value, SV *free_me)
 {
     dVAR;
     I32 namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
@@ -11214,13 +11165,13 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
                            break;
                        case 'm':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "alnu", 4)) /* alnum */
-                               namedclass = ANYOF_ALNUMC;
+                               namedclass = ANYOF_ALPHANUMERIC;
                            break;
                        case 'r':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "lowe", 4)) /* lower */
-                               namedclass = ANYOF_LOWER;
+                               namedclass = (FOLD) ? ANYOF_CASED : ANYOF_LOWER;
                            else if (memEQ(posixcc, "uppe", 4)) /* upper */
-                               namedclass = ANYOF_UPPER;
+                               namedclass = (FOLD) ? ANYOF_CASED : ANYOF_UPPER;
                            break;
                        case 't':
                            if (memEQ(posixcc, "digi", 4)) /* digit */
@@ -11256,7 +11207,8 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
                       the class closes */
                    while (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) && UCHARAT(RExC_parse) != ']')
                        RExC_parse++;
-                   Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
+                   SvREFCNT_dec(free_me);
+                   vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
                }
            } else {
                /* Maternal grandfather:
@@ -11269,178 +11221,12 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
     return namedclass;
 }
 
-STATIC void
-S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
-{
-    dVAR;
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CHECKPOSIXCC;
-
-    if (POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
-       const char *s = RExC_parse;
-       const char  c = *s++;
-
-       while (isALNUM(*s))
-           s++;
-       if (*s && c == *s && s[1] == ']') {
-           ckWARN3reg(s+2,
-                      "POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes",
-                      c, c);
-
-           /* [[=foo=]] and [[.foo.]] are still future. */
-           if (POSIXCC_NOTYET(c)) {
-               /* adjust RExC_parse so the error shows after
-                  the class closes */
-               while (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) && UCHARAT(RExC_parse++) != ']')
-                   NOOP;
-               Simple_vFAIL3("POSIX syntax [%c %c] is reserved for future extensions", c, c);
-           }
-       }
-    }
-}
-
-/* Generate the code to add a full posix character <class> to the bracketed
- * character class given by <node>.  (<node> is needed only under locale rules)
- * destlist     is the inversion list for non-locale rules that this class is
- *              to be added to
- * sourcelist   is the ASCII-range inversion list to add under /a rules
- * Xsourcelist  is the full Unicode range list to use otherwise. */
-#define DO_POSIX(node, class, destlist, sourcelist, Xsourcelist)           \
-    if (LOC) {                                                             \
-       SV* scratch_list = NULL;                                           \
-                                                                           \
-        /* Set this class in the node for runtime matching */              \
-        ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, class);                                      \
-                                                                           \
-        /* For above Latin1 code points, we use the full Unicode range */  \
-        _invlist_intersection(PL_AboveLatin1,                              \
-                              Xsourcelist,                                 \
-                              &scratch_list);                              \
-        /* And set the output to it, adding instead if there already is an \
-        * output.  Checking if <destlist> is NULL first saves an extra    \
-        * clone.  Its reference count will be decremented at the next     \
-        * union, etc, or if this is the only instance, at the end of the  \
-        * routine */                                                      \
-        if (! destlist) {                                                  \
-            destlist = scratch_list;                                       \
-        }                                                                  \
-        else {                                                             \
-            _invlist_union(destlist, scratch_list, &destlist);             \
-            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);                                    \
-        }                                                                  \
-    }                                                                      \
-    else {                                                                 \
-        /* For non-locale, just add it to any existing list */             \
-        _invlist_union(destlist,                                           \
-                       (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)                         \
-                           ? sourcelist                                    \
-                           : Xsourcelist,                                  \
-                       &destlist);                                         \
-    }
-
-/* Like DO_POSIX, but matches the complement of <sourcelist> and <Xsourcelist>.
- */
-#define DO_N_POSIX(node, class, destlist, sourcelist, Xsourcelist)         \
-    if (LOC) {                                                             \
-        SV* scratch_list = NULL;                                           \
-        ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, class);                                     \
-        _invlist_subtract(PL_AboveLatin1, Xsourcelist, &scratch_list);    \
-        if (! destlist) {                                                 \
-            destlist = scratch_list;                                      \
-        }                                                                  \
-        else {                                                             \
-            _invlist_union(destlist, scratch_list, &destlist);             \
-            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);                                    \
-        }                                                                  \
-    }                                                                      \
-    else {                                                                 \
-        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(destlist,                            \
-                                    (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)            \
-                                        ? sourcelist                       \
-                                        : Xsourcelist,                     \
-                                    &destlist);                            \
-        /* Under /d, everything in the upper half of the Latin1 range      \
-         * matches this complement */                                      \
-        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                           \
-            ANYOF_FLAGS(node) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;                \
-        }                                                                  \
-    }
-
-/* Generate the code to add a posix character <class> to the bracketed
- * character class given by <node>.  (<node> is needed only under locale rules)
- * destlist       is the inversion list for non-locale rules that this class is
- *                to be added to
- * sourcelist     is the ASCII-range inversion list to add under /a rules
- * l1_sourcelist  is the Latin1 range list to use otherwise.
- * Xpropertyname  is the name to add to <run_time_list> of the property to
- *                specify the code points above Latin1 that will have to be
- *                determined at run-time
- * run_time_list  is a SV* that contains text names of properties that are to
- *                be computed at run time.  This concatenates <Xpropertyname>
- *                to it, appropriately
- * This is essentially DO_POSIX, but we know only the Latin1 values at compile
- * time */
-#define DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(node, class, destlist, sourcelist,      \
-                              l1_sourcelist, Xpropertyname, run_time_list) \
-       /* First, resolve whether to use the ASCII-only list or the L1     \
-        * list */                                                         \
-        DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(node, class, destlist,      \
-                ((AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) ? sourcelist : l1_sourcelist),\
-                Xpropertyname, run_time_list)
-
-#define DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(node, class, destlist, sourcelist, \
-                Xpropertyname, run_time_list)                              \
-    /* If not /a matching, there are going to be code points we will have  \
-     * to defer to runtime to look-up */                                   \
-    if (! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                     \
-        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ run_time_list, "+utf8::%s\n", Xpropertyname); \
-    }                                                                      \
-    if (LOC) {                                                             \
-        ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, class);                                      \
-    }                                                                      \
-    else {                                                                 \
-        _invlist_union(destlist, sourcelist, &destlist);                   \
-    }
-
-/* Like DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN, but for the complement.  A combination of
- * this and DO_N_POSIX.  Sets <matches_above_unicode> only if it can; unchanged
- * otherwise */
-#define DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(node, class, destlist, sourcelist,    \
-       l1_sourcelist, Xpropertyname, run_time_list, matches_above_unicode) \
-    if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                       \
-        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(destlist, sourcelist, &destlist);    \
-    }                                                                      \
-    else {                                                                 \
-        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ run_time_list, "!utf8::%s\n", Xpropertyname); \
-        matches_above_unicode = TRUE;                                      \
-       if (LOC) {                                                         \
-            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, namedclass);                            \
-       }                                                                  \
-       else {                                                             \
-            SV* scratch_list = NULL;                                       \
-           _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, l1_sourcelist, &scratch_list);    \
-           if (! destlist) {                                              \
-               destlist = scratch_list;                                   \
-           }                                                              \
-           else {                                                         \
-               _invlist_union(destlist, scratch_list, &destlist);         \
-               SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);                                \
-           }                                                              \
-           if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                       \
-               ANYOF_FLAGS(node) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;            \
-           }                                                              \
-       }                                                                  \
-    }
 
 /* The names of properties whose definitions are not known at compile time are
  * stored in this SV, after a constant heading.  So if the length has been
  * changed since initialization, then there is a run-time definition. */
 #define HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION (SvCUR(listsv) != initial_listsv_len)
 
-/* This converts the named class defined in regcomp.h to its equivalent class
- * number defined in handy.h. */
-#define namedclass_to_classnum(class)  ((class) / 2)
-
 STATIC regnode *
 S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 {
@@ -11456,7 +11242,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
      * reg() gets called (recursively) on the rewritten version, and this
      * function will return what it constructs.  (Actually the <multi-fold>s
      * aren't physically removed from the [abcdefghi], it's just that they are
-     * ignored in the recursion by means of a flag:
+     * ignored in the recursion by means of a flag:
      * <RExC_in_multi_char_class>.)
      *
      * ANYOF nodes contain a bit map for the first 256 characters, with the
@@ -11561,7 +11347,22 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     nextvalue = RExC_parse < RExC_end ? UCHARAT(RExC_parse) : 0;
 
     if (!SIZE_ONLY && POSIXCC(nextvalue))
-       checkposixcc(pRExC_state);
+    {
+       const char *s = RExC_parse;
+       const char  c = *s++;
+
+       while (isALNUM(*s))
+           s++;
+       if (*s && c == *s && s[1] == ']') {
+           SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);
+           SAVEFREESV(listsv);
+           ckWARN3reg(s+2,
+                      "POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes",
+                      c, c);
+           (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
+           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
+       }
+    }
 
     /* allow 1st char to be ] (allowing it to be - is dealt with later) */
     if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == ']')
@@ -11591,7 +11392,7 @@ parseit:
 
        nextvalue = RExC_parse < RExC_end ? UCHARAT(RExC_parse) : 0;
        if (value == '[' && POSIXCC(nextvalue))
-           namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value);
+           namedclass = regpposixcc(pRExC_state, value, listsv);
        else if (value == '\\') {
            if (UTF) {
                value = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)RExC_parse,
@@ -11665,7 +11466,11 @@ parseit:
                    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {
                         RExC_parse++;
                         n--;
-                        value = value == 'p' ? 'P' : 'p'; /* toggle */
+                         /* toggle.  (The rhs xor gets the single bit that
+                          * differs between P and p; the other xor inverts just
+                          * that bit) */
+                         value ^= 'P' ^ 'p';
+
                         while (isSPACE(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
                              RExC_parse++;
                              n--;
@@ -11688,7 +11493,7 @@ parseit:
                     /* Look up the property name, and get its swash and
                      * inversion list, if the property is found  */
                     if (swash) {
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                     }
                     swash = _core_swash_init("utf8", name, &PL_sv_undef,
                                              1, /* binary */
@@ -11698,7 +11503,7 @@ parseit:
                                             );
                     if (! swash || ! (invlist = _get_swash_invlist(swash))) {
                         if (swash) {
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                             swash = NULL;
                         }
 
@@ -11737,7 +11542,7 @@ parseit:
                             /* The swash can't be used as-is, because we've
                             * inverted things; delay removing it to here after
                             * have copied its invlist above */
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                             swash = NULL;
                         }
                         else {
@@ -11747,7 +11552,7 @@ parseit:
                    Safefree(name);
                }
                RExC_parse = e + 1;
-               namedclass = ANYOF_MAX;  /* no official name, but it's named */
+               namedclass = ANYOF_UNIPROP;  /* no official name, but it's named */
 
                /* \p means they want Unicode semantics */
                RExC_uni_semantics = 1;
@@ -11822,9 +11627,13 @@ parseit:
            default:
                /* Allow \_ to not give an error */
                if (!SIZE_ONLY && isALNUM(value) && value != '_') {
+                   SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv);
+                   SAVEFREESV(listsv);
                    ckWARN2reg(RExC_parse,
                               "Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through",
                               (int)value);
+                   (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
+                   SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
                }
                break;
            }
@@ -11869,9 +11678,13 @@ parseit:
                    const int w =
                        RExC_parse >= rangebegin ?
                        RExC_parse - rangebegin : 0;
+                   SAVEFREESV(RExC_rx_sv); /* in case of fatal warnings */
+                   SAVEFREESV(listsv);
                    ckWARN4reg(RExC_parse,
                               "False [] range \"%*.*s\"",
                               w, w, rangebegin);
+                   (void)ReREFCNT_inc(RExC_rx_sv);
+                   SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(listsv);
                     cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, '-');
                     cp_list = add_cp_to_invlist(cp_list, prevvalue);
                }
@@ -11881,273 +11694,276 @@ parseit:
            }
 
            if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
+                U8 classnum = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
+
+                /* The ascii range inversion list */
+                SV* ascii_source = PL_Posix_ptrs[classnum];
+
+                /* The full Latin1 range inversion list */
+                SV* l1_source = PL_L1Posix_ptrs[classnum];
+
+                /* The name of the property to use to match the full eXtended
+                 * Unicode range swash fo this character class */
+                const char *Xname = swash_property_names[classnum];
+
                switch ((I32)namedclass) {
 
-               case ANYOF_ALNUMC: /* C's alnum, in contrast to \w */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixAlnum, PL_L1PosixAlnum, "XPosixAlnum", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NALNUMC:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixAlnum, PL_L1PosixAlnum, "XPosixAlnum", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
+               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
+                    l1_source = ascii_source;
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+
+               case ANYOF_ALPHANUMERIC: /* C's alnum, in contrast to \w */
                case ANYOF_ALPHA:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixAlpha, PL_L1PosixAlpha, "XPosixAlpha", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NALPHA:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixAlpha, PL_L1PosixAlpha, "XPosixAlpha", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_ASCII:
-#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
-                   if (LOC) {
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
-                   }
-                    else
-#endif  /* Not isascii(); just use the hard-coded definition for it */
-                        _invlist_union(posixes, PL_ASCII, &posixes);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NASCII:
-#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
-                   if (LOC) {
-                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
-                   }
-                    else {
-#endif
-                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(posixes,
-                                                    PL_ASCII, &posixes);
-                        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
-                            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+               case ANYOF_CASED:
+               case ANYOF_GRAPH:
+               case ANYOF_LOWER:
+               case ANYOF_PRINT:
+               case ANYOF_PUNCT:
+               case ANYOF_UPPER:
+               case ANYOF_WORDCHAR:
+                    if ( !  PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]) {
+
+                        /* If not /a matching, there are code points we don't
+                         * know at compile time.  Arrange for the unknown
+                         * matches to be loaded at run-time, if needed */
+                        if (! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::%s\n", Xname);
                         }
-#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                        if (LOC) {  /* Under locale, set run-time lookup */
+                            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Add the current class's code points to the
+                             * running total */
+                            _invlist_union(posixes,
+                                           (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                                ? ascii_source
+                                                : l1_source,
+                                           &posixes);
+                        }
+                        break;
                     }
-#endif
-                   break;
+                    if (! PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]) {
+                        PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]
+                            = _swash_to_invlist(PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]);
+                    }
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+
                case ANYOF_BLANK:
-                    if (hasISBLANK || ! LOC) {
-                        DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixBlank, PL_XPosixBlank);
+               case ANYOF_CNTRL:
+               case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
+               case ANYOF_SPACE:
+               case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
+                    if (! LOC) {
+                        /* For non-locale, just add it to any existing list */
+                        _invlist_union(posixes,
+                                       (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                           ? ascii_source
+                                           : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+                                       &posixes);
                     }
-                    else { /* There is no isblank() and we are in locale:  We
-                              use the ASCII range and the above-Latin1 range
-                              code points */
+                    else {  /* Locale */
                         SV* scratch_list = NULL;
 
-                        /* Include all above-Latin1 blanks */
+                        /* For above Latin1 code points, we use the full
+                         * Unicode range */
                         _invlist_intersection(PL_AboveLatin1,
-                                              PL_XPosixBlank,
+                                              PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
                                               &scratch_list);
-                        /* Add it to the running total of posix classes */
+                        /* And set the output to it, adding instead if there
+                         * already is an output.  Checking if 'posixes' is NULL
+                         * first saves an extra clone.  Its reference count
+                         * will be decremented at the next union, etc, or if
+                         * this is the only instance, at the end of the routine
+                         * */
                         if (! posixes) {
                             posixes = scratch_list;
                         }
                         else {
                             _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                        }
+
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                        if (namedclass != ANYOF_BLANK) {
+#endif
+                            /* Set this class in the node for runtime
+                             * matching */
+                            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* No isblank(), use the hard-coded ASCII-range
+                             * blanks, adding them to the running total. */
+
+                            _invlist_union(posixes, ascii_source, &posixes);
                         }
-                        /* Add the ASCII-range blanks to the running total. */
-                        _invlist_union(posixes, PL_PosixBlank, &posixes);
+#endif
                     }
                    break;
+
+               case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
+                    l1_source = ascii_source;
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+
+               case ANYOF_NALPHANUMERIC:
+               case ANYOF_NALPHA:
+               case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
+               case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+               case ANYOF_NPRINT:
+               case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
+               case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+               case ANYOF_NWORDCHAR:
+                    if ( !  PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]) {
+                        if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            /* Under /a should match everything above ASCII,
+                             * and the complement of the set's ASCII matches */
+                            _invlist_union_complement_2nd(posixes, ascii_source,
+                                                          &posixes);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Arrange for the unknown matches to be loaded at
+                             * run-time, if needed */
+                            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::%s\n", Xname);
+                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode = TRUE;
+                            if (LOC) {
+                                ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+                            }
+                            else {
+
+                                /* We want to match everything in Latin1,
+                                 * except those things that l1_source matches
+                                 * */
+                                SV* scratch_list = NULL;
+                                _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, l1_source,
+                                                  &scratch_list);
+
+                                /* Add the list from this class to the running
+                                 * total */
+                                if (! posixes) {
+                                    posixes = scratch_list;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list,
+                                                   &posixes);
+                                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                                }
+                                if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
+                                    ANYOF_FLAGS(ret)
+                                                |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (! PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]) {
+                        PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]
+                            = _swash_to_invlist(PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]);
+                    }
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+
                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
-                    if (hasISBLANK || ! LOC) {
-                        DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                                PL_PosixBlank, PL_XPosixBlank);
+               case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
+               case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
+               case ANYOF_NSPACE:
+               case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
+                    if (! LOC) {
+                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(
+                                                posixes,
+                                                (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                                    ? ascii_source
+                                                    : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+                                                &posixes);
+                        /* Under /d, everything in the upper half of the Latin1
+                         * range matches this complement */
+                        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
+                            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+                        }
                     }
-                    else { /* There is no isblank() and we are in locale */
+                    else {  /* Locale */
                         SV* scratch_list = NULL;
-
-                        /* Include all above-Latin1 non-blanks */
-                        _invlist_subtract(PL_AboveLatin1, PL_XPosixBlank,
-                                          &scratch_list);
-
-                        /* Add them to the running total of posix classes */
-                        _invlist_subtract(PL_AboveLatin1, PL_XPosixBlank,
+                        _invlist_subtract(PL_AboveLatin1,
+                                          PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
                                           &scratch_list);
                         if (! posixes) {
                             posixes = scratch_list;
                         }
                         else {
                             _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
                         }
-
-                        /* Get the list of all non-ASCII-blanks in Latin 1, and
-                         * add them to the running total */
-                        _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, PL_PosixBlank,
-                                          &scratch_list);
-                        _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                        if (namedclass != ANYOF_NBLANK) {
+#endif
+                            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Get the list of all code points in Latin1 that
+                             * are not ASCII blanks, and add them to the
+                             * running total */
+                            _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, ascii_source,
+                                              &scratch_list);
+                            _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                        }
+#endif
                     }
                    break;
-               case ANYOF_CNTRL:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixCntrl, PL_XPosixCntrl);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NCNTRL:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixCntrl, PL_XPosixCntrl);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
-                   /* There are no digits in the Latin1 range outside of
-                    * ASCII, so call the macro that doesn't have to resolve
-                    * them */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixDigit, "XPosixDigit", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixDigit, PL_PosixDigit, "XPosixDigit", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_GRAPH:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixGraph, PL_L1PosixGraph, "XPosixGraph", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NGRAPH:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixGraph, PL_L1PosixGraph, "XPosixGraph", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
-                   /* For these, we use the cp_list, as /d doesn't make a
-                    * difference in what these match.  There would be problems
-                    * if these characters had folds other than themselves, as
-                    * cp_list is subject to folding.  It turns out that \h
-                    * is just a synonym for XPosixBlank */
-                   _invlist_union(cp_list, PL_XPosixBlank, &cp_list);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
-                    _invlist_union_complement_2nd(cp_list,
-                                                 PL_XPosixBlank, &cp_list);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_LOWER:
-               case ANYOF_NLOWER:
-                {   /* These require special handling, as they differ under
-                      folding, matching Cased there (which in the ASCII range
-                      is the same as Alpha */
-
-                   SV* ascii_source;
-                   SV* l1_source;
-                   const char *Xname;
-
-                   if (FOLD && ! LOC) {
-                       ascii_source = PL_PosixAlpha;
-                       l1_source = PL_L1Cased;
-                       Xname = "Cased";
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       ascii_source = PL_PosixLower;
-                       l1_source = PL_L1PosixLower;
-                       Xname = "XPosixLower";
-                   }
-                   if (namedclass == ANYOF_LOWER) {
-                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                    ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass,
-                            posixes, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv,
-                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
+
+               case ANYOF_ASCII:
+#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                   if (LOC) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
                    }
+                    else
+#endif  /* Not isascii(); just use the hard-coded definition for it */
+                        _invlist_union(posixes, PL_ASCII, &posixes);
                    break;
-               }
-               case ANYOF_PRINT:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixPrint, PL_L1PosixPrint, "XPosixPrint", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NPRINT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixPrint, PL_L1PosixPrint, "XPosixPrint", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_PUNCT:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixPunct, PL_L1PosixPunct, "XPosixPunct", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NPUNCT:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        PL_PosixPunct, PL_L1PosixPunct, "XPosixPunct", listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixSpace, PL_XPosixSpace);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixSpace, PL_XPosixSpace);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_SPACE:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PerlSpace, PL_XPerlSpace);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NSPACE:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PerlSpace, PL_XPerlSpace);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_UPPER:   /* Same as LOWER, above */
-               case ANYOF_NUPPER:
-               {
-                   SV* ascii_source;
-                   SV* l1_source;
-                   const char *Xname;
-
-                   if (FOLD && ! LOC) {
-                       ascii_source = PL_PosixAlpha;
-                       l1_source = PL_L1Cased;
-                       Xname = "Cased";
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       ascii_source = PL_PosixUpper;
-                       l1_source = PL_L1PosixUpper;
-                       Xname = "XPosixUpper";
-                   }
-                   if (namedclass == ANYOF_UPPER) {
-                       DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                    ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass,
-                        posixes, ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
+               case ANYOF_NASCII:
+#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                   if (LOC) {
+                       ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
                    }
+                    else {
+#endif
+                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(posixes,
+                                                    PL_ASCII, &posixes);
+                        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
+                            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+                        }
+#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                    }
+#endif
                    break;
-               }
-               case ANYOF_WORDCHAR:
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                            PL_PosixWord, PL_L1PosixWord, "XPosixWord", listsv);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_NWORDCHAR:
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                            PL_PosixWord, PL_L1PosixWord, "XPosixWord", listsv,
-                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
+
+               case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
+                    /* For these, we use the cp_list, as neither /d nor /l make
+                     * a difference in what these match.  There would be
+                     * problems if these characters had folds other than
+                     * themselves, as cp_list is subject to folding.
+                     *
+                     * It turns out that \h is just a synonym for XPosixBlank */
+                    classnum = _CC_BLANK;
+                   /* FALL THROUGH */
+
                case ANYOF_VERTWS:
-                   /* For these, we use the cp_list, as /d doesn't make a
-                    * difference in what these match.  There would be problems
-                    * if these characters had folds other than themselves, as
-                    * cp_list is subject to folding */
-                   _invlist_union(cp_list, PL_VertSpace, &cp_list);
+                   _invlist_union(cp_list, PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum], &cp_list);
                    break;
+
+               case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
+                    classnum = _CC_BLANK;
+                   /* FALL THROUGH */
+
                case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
                     _invlist_union_complement_2nd(cp_list,
-                                                    PL_VertSpace, &cp_list);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
-                    DO_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixXDigit, PL_XPosixXDigit);
+                                                  PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+                                                  &cp_list);
                    break;
-               case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
-                    DO_N_POSIX(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                            PL_PosixXDigit, PL_XPosixXDigit);
-                   break;
-               case ANYOF_MAX:
-                   /* this is to handle \p and \P */
+
+               case ANYOF_UNIPROP: /* this is to handle \p and \P */
                    break;
+
                default:
                    vFAIL("Invalid [::] class");
                    break;
@@ -12397,7 +12213,8 @@ parseit:
        RExC_parse = save_parse;
        RExC_end = save_end;
        RExC_in_multi_char_class = 0;
-        SvREFCNT_dec(multi_char_matches);
+        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(multi_char_matches);
+        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -12411,110 +12228,77 @@ parseit:
         if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class, like \w or
                                               [:digit:] or \p{foo} */
 
-            /* Certain named classes have equivalents that can appear outside a
-             * character class, e.g. \w, \H.  We use these instead of a
-             * character class. */
+            /* All named classes are mapped into POSIXish nodes, with its FLAG
+             * argument giving which class it is */
             switch ((I32)namedclass) {
-                U8 offset;
-
-                /* The first group is for node types that depend on the charset
-                 * modifier to the regex.  We first calculate the base node
-                 * type, and if it should be inverted */
-
-                case ANYOF_NWORDCHAR:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_WORDCHAR:
-                    op = ALNUM;
-                    goto join_charset_classes;
-
-                case ANYOF_NSPACE:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_SPACE:
-                    op = SPACE;
-                    goto join_charset_classes;
-
-                case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_DIGIT:
-                    op = DIGIT;
-
-                  join_charset_classes:
-
-                    /* Now that we have the base node type, we take advantage
-                     * of the enum ordering of the charset modifiers to get the
-                     * exact node type,  For example the base SPACE also has
-                     * SPACEL, SPACEU, and SPACEA */
-
-                    offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-
-                    /* /aa is the same as /a for these */
-                    if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                        offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
-                    }
-                    else if (op == DIGIT && offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
-                        offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET; /* There is no DIGITU */
-                    }
-
-                    op += offset;
-
-                    /* The number of varieties of each of these is the same,
-                     * hence, so is the delta between the normal and
-                     * complemented nodes */
-                    if (invert) {
-                        op += NALNUM - ALNUM;
-                    }
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+                case ANYOF_UNIPROP:
                     break;
 
-                /* The second group doesn't depend of the charset modifiers.
-                 * We just have normal and complemented */
+                /* These don't depend on the charset modifiers.  They always
+                 * match under /u rules */
                 case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
-                  is_horizws:
-                    op = (invert) ? NHORIZWS : HORIZWS;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                    break;
+                    namedclass = ANYOF_BLANK + namedclass - ANYOF_HORIZWS;
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
 
                 case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_VERTWS:
-                    op = (invert) ? NVERTWS : VERTWS;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                    break;
-
-                case ANYOF_MAX:
-                    break;
-
-                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_BLANK:
-                    if (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS && ! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
-                        goto is_horizws;
+                    op = POSIXU;
+                    goto join_posix;
+
+                /* The actual POSIXish node for all the rest depends on the
+                 * charset modifier.  The ones in the first set depend only on
+                 * ASCII or, if available on this platform, locale */
+                case ANYOF_ASCII:
+                case ANYOF_NASCII:
+#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                    op = (LOC) ? POSIXL : POSIXA;
+#else
+                    op = POSIXA;
+#endif
+                    goto join_posix;
+
+                case ANYOF_NCASED:
+                case ANYOF_LOWER:
+                case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+                case ANYOF_UPPER:
+                case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+                    /* under /a could be alpha */
+                    if (FOLD) {
+                        if (ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            namedclass = ANYOF_ALPHA + (namedclass % 2);
+                        }
+                        else if (! LOC) {
+                            break;
+                        }
                     }
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+                /* The rest have more possibilities depending on the charset.  We
+                 * take advantage of the enum ordering of the charset modifiers to
+                 * get the exact node type, */
                 default:
-                    /* A generic posix class.  All the /a ones can be handled
-                     * by the POSIXA opcode.  And all are closed under folding
-                     * in the ASCII range, so FOLD doesn't matter */
-                    if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED
-                        || (! LOC && namedclass == ANYOF_ASCII))
+                    op = POSIXD + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+                    if (op > POSIXA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
+                        op = POSIXA;
+                    }
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                    if (op == POSIXL
+                        && (namedclass == ANYOF_BLANK
+                            || namedclass == ANYOF_NBLANK))
                     {
-                        /* The odd numbered ones are the complements of the
-                         * next-lower even number one */
-                        if (namedclass % 2 == 1) {
-                            invert = ! invert;
-                            namedclass--;
-                        }
-                        arg = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
-                        op = (invert) ? NPOSIXA : POSIXA;
+                        op = POSIXA;
                     }
+#endif
+
+                join_posix:
+                    /* The odd numbered ones are the complements of the
+                     * next-lower even number one */
+                    if (namedclass % 2 == 1) {
+                        invert = ! invert;
+                        namedclass--;
+                    }
+                    arg = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -12539,8 +12323,8 @@ parseit:
         else if (! LOC) {   /* locale could vary these */
             if (prevvalue == '0') {
                 if (value == '9') {
-                    op = (invert) ? NDIGITA : DIGITA;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+                    arg = _CC_DIGIT;
+                    op = POSIXA;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -12566,11 +12350,16 @@ parseit:
             }
             else {
                 RExC_emit = (regnode *)orig_emit;
+                if (PL_regkind[op] == POSIXD) {
+                    if (invert) {
+                        op += NPOSIXD - POSIXD;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
 
-            if (PL_regkind[op] == POSIXD) {
+            if (PL_regkind[op] == POSIXD || PL_regkind[op] == NPOSIXD) {
                 if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
                     FLAGS(ret) = arg;
                 }
@@ -12582,7 +12371,9 @@ parseit:
 
             RExC_parse = (char *) cur_parse;
 
-            SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+            SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
+            SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
             return ret;
         }
     }
@@ -12600,11 +12391,11 @@ parseit:
 
         /* If the highest code point is within Latin1, we can use the
          * compiled-in Alphas list, and not have to go out to disk.  This
-         * yields two false positives, the masculine and feminine oridinal
+         * yields two false positives, the masculine and feminine ordinal
          * indicators, which are weeded out below using the
          * IS_IN_SOME_FOLD_L1() macro */
         if (invlist_highest(cp_list) < 256) {
-            _invlist_intersection(PL_L1PosixAlpha, cp_list, &fold_intersection);
+            _invlist_intersection(PL_L1Posix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHA], cp_list, &fold_intersection);
         }
         else {
 
@@ -12615,7 +12406,7 @@ parseit:
                 SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "_Perl_Any_Folds",
                                        &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                 PL_utf8_foldable = _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
             }
 
             /* This is a hash that for a particular fold gives all characters
@@ -12642,7 +12433,7 @@ parseit:
                         assert(PL_utf8_tofold); /* Verify that worked */
                     }
                     PL_utf8_foldclosures =
-                                        _swash_inversion_hash(PL_utf8_tofold);
+                                    _swash_inversion_hash(PL_utf8_tofold);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -12817,7 +12608,7 @@ parseit:
                 }
             }
        }
-       SvREFCNT_dec(fold_intersection);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(fold_intersection);
     }
 
     /* And combine the result (if any) with any inversion list from posix
@@ -12828,7 +12619,7 @@ parseit:
         if (! DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
             if (cp_list) {
                 _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(posixes);
             }
             else {
                 cp_list = posixes;
@@ -12846,7 +12637,7 @@ parseit:
                               &posixes);
             if (cp_list) {
                 _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(posixes);
             }
             else {
                 cp_list = posixes;
@@ -12855,7 +12646,7 @@ parseit:
             if (depends_list) {
                 _invlist_union(depends_list, nonascii_but_latin1_properties,
                                &depends_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
             }
             else {
                 depends_list = nonascii_but_latin1_properties;
@@ -12897,14 +12688,14 @@ parseit:
             }
 
             _invlist_union(properties, cp_list, &cp_list);
-            SvREFCNT_dec(properties);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(properties);
         }
         else {
             cp_list = properties;
         }
 
         if (warn_super) {
-            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_WARN_SUPER;
+            OP(ret) = ANYOF_WARN_SUPER;
         }
     }
 
@@ -12930,7 +12721,7 @@ parseit:
 
         /* Any swash can't be used as-is, because we've inverted things */
         if (swash) {
-            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
             swash = NULL;
         }
 
@@ -12968,12 +12759,12 @@ parseit:
         && ! (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_CLASS)
         && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
-       UV start, end;
-       U8 op = END;  /* The optimzation node-type */
+        UV start, end;
+        U8 op = END;  /* The optimzation node-type */
         const char * cur_parse= RExC_parse;
 
-       invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
-       if (! invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end)) {
+        invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
+        if (! invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end)) {
 
             /* Here, the list is empty.  This happens, for example, when a
              * Unicode property is the only thing in the character class, and
@@ -13024,7 +12815,7 @@ parseit:
                             SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "_Perl_Any_Folds",
                                                 &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                             PL_utf8_foldable = _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                         }
                         if (_invlist_contains_cp(PL_utf8_foldable, value)) {
                             op = EXACT;
@@ -13054,6 +12845,7 @@ parseit:
                 RExC_naughty++;
             }
         }
+        invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
 
         if (op != END) {
             RExC_parse = (char *)orig_parse;
@@ -13067,7 +12859,8 @@ parseit:
                 alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pRExC_state, ret, flagp, 0, value);
             }
 
-            SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
             return ret;
         }
     }
@@ -13112,6 +12905,7 @@ parseit:
                }
            }
        }
+       invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
 
         /* Done with loop; remove any code points that are in the bitmap from
          * <cp_list> */
@@ -13121,7 +12915,7 @@ parseit:
 
        /* If have completely emptied it, remove it completely */
        if (_invlist_len(cp_list) == 0) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
            cp_list = NULL;
        }
     }
@@ -13136,7 +12930,7 @@ parseit:
     if (depends_list) {
        if (cp_list) {
            _invlist_union(cp_list, depends_list, &cp_list);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(depends_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(depends_list);
        }
        else {
            cp_list = depends_list;
@@ -13146,7 +12940,7 @@ parseit:
     /* If there is a swash and more than one element, we can't use the swash in
      * the optimization below. */
     if (swash && element_count > 1) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
        swash = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -13154,7 +12948,7 @@ parseit:
        && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
        ARG_SET(ret, ANYOF_NONBITMAP_EMPTY);
-       SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
     }
     else {
        /* av[0] stores the character class description in its textual form:
@@ -13172,10 +12966,10 @@ parseit:
 
        av_store(av, 0, (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
                        ? listsv
-                       : &PL_sv_undef);
+                       : (SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv), &PL_sv_undef));
        if (swash) {
            av_store(av, 1, swash);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
        }
        else {
            av_store(av, 1, NULL);
@@ -13791,36 +13585,48 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 
     /* Should be synchronized with * ANYOF_ #xdefines in regcomp.h */
     static const char * const anyofs[] = {
-        "\\w",
-        "\\W",
-        "\\s",
-        "\\S",
-        "\\d",
-        "\\D",
-        "[:alnum:]",
-        "[:^alnum:]",
+#if _CC_WORDCHAR != 0 || _CC_DIGIT != 1 || _CC_ALPHA != 2 || _CC_LOWER != 3 \
+    || _CC_UPPER != 4 || _CC_PUNCT != 5 || _CC_PRINT != 6                   \
+    || _CC_ALPHANUMERIC != 7 || _CC_GRAPH != 8 || _CC_CASED != 9            \
+    || _CC_SPACE != 10 || _CC_BLANK != 11 || _CC_XDIGIT != 12               \
+    || _CC_PSXSPC != 13 || _CC_CNTRL != 14 || _CC_ASCII != 15               \
+    || _CC_VERTSPACE != 16
+  #error Need to adjust order of anyofs[]
+#endif
+        "[\\w]",
+        "[\\W]",
+        "[\\d]",
+        "[\\D]",
         "[:alpha:]",
         "[:^alpha:]",
-        "[:ascii:]",
-        "[:^ascii:]",
-        "[:cntrl:]",
-        "[:^cntrl:]",
-        "[:graph:]",
-        "[:^graph:]",
         "[:lower:]",
         "[:^lower:]",
-        "[:print:]",
-        "[:^print:]",
-        "[:punct:]",
-        "[:^punct:]",
         "[:upper:]",
         "[:^upper:]",
+        "[:punct:]",
+        "[:^punct:]",
+        "[:print:]",
+        "[:^print:]",
+        "[:alnum:]",
+        "[:^alnum:]",
+        "[:graph:]",
+        "[:^graph:]",
+        "[:cased:]",
+        "[:^cased:]",
+        "[\\s]",
+        "[\\S]",
+        "[:blank:]",
+        "[:^blank:]",
         "[:xdigit:]",
         "[:^xdigit:]",
         "[:space:]",
         "[:^space:]",
-        "[:blank:]",
-        "[:^blank:]"
+        "[:cntrl:]",
+        "[:^cntrl:]",
+        "[:ascii:]",
+        "[:^ascii:]",
+        "[\\v]",
+        "[\\V]"
     };
     RXi_GET_DECL(prog,progi);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
@@ -14073,13 +13879,13 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 
                    Safefree(origs);
                }
-               SvREFCNT_dec(lv);
+               SvREFCNT_dec_NN(lv);
            }
        }
 
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
     }
-    else if (k == POSIXD) {
+    else if (k == POSIXD || k == NPOSIXD) {
         U8 index = FLAGS(o) * 2;
         if (index > (sizeof(anyofs) / sizeof(anyofs[0]))) {
             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[illegal type=%d])", index);
@@ -14170,7 +13976,7 @@ Perl_pregfree2(pTHX_ REGEXP *rx)
        Safefree(r->substrs);
     }
     RX_MATCH_COPY_FREE(rx);
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
+#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
     SvREFCNT_dec(r->saved_copy);
 #endif
     Safefree(r->offs);
@@ -14217,7 +14023,7 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ REGEXP *ret_x, REGEXP *rx)
            ret_x->sv_u.svu_rx = temp->sv_any;
            temp->sv_any = NULL;
            SvFLAGS(temp) = (SvFLAGS(temp) & ~SVTYPEMASK) | SVt_NULL;
-           SvREFCNT_dec(temp);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(temp);
            /* SvCUR still resides in the xpvlv struct, so the regexp copy-
               ing below will not set it. */
            SvCUR_set(ret_x, SvCUR(rx));
@@ -14253,7 +14059,7 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ REGEXP *ret_x, REGEXP *rx)
           anchored or float namesakes, and don't hold a second reference.  */
     }
     RX_MATCH_COPIED_off(ret_x);
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
+#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
     ret->saved_copy = NULL;
 #endif
     ret->mother_re = ReREFCNT_inc(r->mother_re ? r->mother_re : rx);
@@ -14461,7 +14267,7 @@ Perl_re_dup_guts(pTHX_ const REGEXP *sstr, REGEXP *dstr, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
        ret->subbeg  = SAVEPVN(ret->subbeg, ret->sublen);
     else
        ret->subbeg = NULL;
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
+#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
     ret->saved_copy = NULL;
 #endif
 
@@ -14599,7 +14405,7 @@ Perl_regdupe_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
  - regnext - dig the "next" pointer out of a node
  */
 regnode *
-Perl_regnext(pTHX_ register regnode *p)
+Perl_regnext(pTHX_ regnode *p)
 {
     dVAR;
     I32 offset;
@@ -14682,7 +14488,7 @@ Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
     PL_reg_leftiter = 0;
     PL_reg_poscache = NULL;
     PL_reg_poscache_size = 0;
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
+#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
     PL_nrs = NULL;
 #endif
 
@@ -14708,13 +14514,6 @@ Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
 }
 #endif
 
-static void
-clear_re(pTHX_ void *r)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    ReREFCNT_dec((REGEXP *)r);
-}
-
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
 
 STATIC void