to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
L<attributes>).
-=item Ambiguous overloaded argument to %s resolved as %s
-
-(W ambiguous) You called C<keys>, C<values> or C<each> on an object that had
-overloading of C<%{}> or C<@{}> or both. In such a case, the object is
-dereferenced according to its overloading, not its underlying reference type.
-The warning is issued when C<%{}> overloading exists on a blessed arrayref,
-when C<@{}> overloading exists on a blessed hashref, or when both overloadings
-are defined (in which case C<%{}> is used). You can force the interpretation
-of the object by explicitly dereferencing it as an array or hash instead of
-passing the object itself to C<keys>, C<values> or C<each>.
-
=item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
(F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
(W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<@{foo}>, which might be
asking for the variable C<@foo>, or it might be calling a function
named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you wanted
-the varable, you can just write C<@foo>. If you wanted to call the
+the variable, you can just write C<@foo>. If you wanted to call the
function, write C<@{foo()}> ... or you could just not have a variable
and a function with the same name, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
the string, just write C<"-foo">. If you meant the function call,
write C<-foo()>.
+=item Ambiguous use of 's//le...' resolved as 's// le...'; Rewrite as 's//el' if you meant 'use locale rules and evaluate rhs as an expression'. In Perl 5.16, it will be resolved the other way
+
+(W deprecated, ambiguous) You wrote a pattern match with substitution
+immediately followed by "le". In Perl 5.14 and earlier, this is
+resolved as meaning to take the result of the substitution, and see if
+it is stringwise less-than-or-equal-to what follows in the expression.
+Having the "le" immediately following a pattern is deprecated behavior,
+so in Perl 5.16, this expression will be resolved as meaning to do the
+pattern match using the rules of the current locale, and evaluate the
+rhs as an expression when doing the substitution. In 5.14, if you want
+the latter interpretation, you can simply write "el" instead.
+
=item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
=item assertion botched: %s
-(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
+(X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
=item Assertion failed: file "%s"
-(P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
+(X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
=item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
=item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
-(P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
+(S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
outside any of those arenas.
-=item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
+=item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
-(P internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
+(S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
=item Attempt to free temp prematurely
-(W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
+(S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
=item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
-(P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
+(S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
=item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
(P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
that wasn't a symbol table entry.
-
=item Bad symbol for filehandle
(P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
-If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
-unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
-editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
+If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
+included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or there
+may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor will have
+a way to help you find these characters (or lack of characters). See
+L<perlop> for the full details on here-documents.
=item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
=item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
-(F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
-to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
-the method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
+(F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
+opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
+package. If the method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
=item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
=item Character following "\c" must be ASCII
-(F|W deprecated, syntax) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be an ASCII character.
+(F)(W deprecated, syntax) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be an ASCII character.
It is planned to make this fatal in all instances in Perl 5.16. In the
cases where it isn't fatal, the character this evaluates to is
derived by exclusive or'ing the code point of this character with 0x40.
=item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
-=item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, no properties match it; all inverse properties do
+=item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, all \p{} matches fail; all \P{} matches succeed
-(W utf8) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of U+10FFFF.
+(W utf8, non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of U+10FFFF.
Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code
points, up to the limit of what is storable in an unsigned integer on
will match.
+This may be counterintuitive at times, as both these fail:
+
+ chr(0x110000) =~ \p{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True} # Fails.
+ chr(0x110000) =~ \p{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False} # Also fails!
+
+and both these succeed:
+
+ chr(0x110000) =~ \P{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True} # Succeeds.
+ chr(0x110000) =~ \P{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False} # Also succeeds!
+
=item %s: Command not found
(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma?
See L<charnames>.
-
=item Constant is not %s reference
(F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
=item Constant subroutine %s redefined
-(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
-eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
-commentary and workarounds.
+(W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
+been eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">
+for commentary and workarounds.
=item Constant subroutine %s undefined
(F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
+=item &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
+
+(F) You tried to call a subroutine in the C<CORE::> namespace
+with C<&foo> syntax or through a reference. Most subroutines
+in this package cannot yet be called that way, but must be
+called as barewords. Something like this will work:
+
+ BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
+ shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
+
=item CORE::%s is not a keyword
(F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
=item defined(%hash) is deprecated
-(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
-checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
-is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
+(D deprecated) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes and has been
+discouraged since 5.004.
+
+Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
+becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators,
+weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>.
+These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice.
+
+If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean
+context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>):
+
+ if (%hash) {
+ # not empty
+ }
+
+If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package
+variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't
+a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether
+it's loaded, etc.
+
=item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was larger than
it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong
-date. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special
+date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
=item gmtime(%f) too small
(W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was smaller than
it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong
-date. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special
+date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
=item Got an error from DosAllocMem
(D syntax)
-You had a word that isn't a regex modifier immediately following a pattern
-without an intervening space. For example, the two constructs:
+You had a word that isn't a regex modifier immediately following a
+pattern without an intervening space. If you are trying to use the C</le>
+flags on a substitution, use C</el> instead. Otherwise, add white space
+between the pattern and following word to eliminate the warning. As an
+example of the latter, the two constructs:
$a =~ m/$foo/sand $bar
$a =~ m/$foo/s and $bar
binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
offending digit.
+=item Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
+
+(W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.
+Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \, and +.
+
=item Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
(F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
+=item Insecure user-defined property %s
+
+(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
+expression that contains a call to a user-defined character property
+function, i.e. C<\p{IsFoo}> or C<\p{InFoo}>.
+See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> and L<perlsec>.
+
=item Integer overflow in format string for %s
(F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
perls, has been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You
should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
-=item `%s' is not a code reference
+=item '%s' is not a code reference
(W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
to a subroutine.
-=item `%s' is not an overloadable type
+=item '%s' is not an overloadable type
(W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
unaware of.
length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+=item length() used on %s
+
+(W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
+probably wanted a count of the items.
+
+Array size can be obtained by doing:
+
+ scalar(@array);
+
+The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
+
+ scalar(keys %hash);
+
=item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
(F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse
(W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was larger
than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the
-wrong date. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special
+wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
=item localtime(%f) too small
(W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was smaller
than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the
-wrong date. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special
+wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
not-a-number value).
=item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
instead on the filehandle.)
-=item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
+=item lvalue attribute cannot be removed after the subroutine has been defined
-(W misc) Making a subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined
-by declaring the subroutine with an lvalue attribute is not
-possible. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine add the
-lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the declaration before
-the definition.
+(W misc) The lvalue attribute on a Perl subroutine cannot be turned off
+once the subroutine is defined.
-=item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
+=item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
-(F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
-values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
-L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
+(W misc) Making a Perl subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been
+defined, whether by declaring the subroutine with an lvalue attribute
+or by using L<attributes.pm|attributes>, is not possible. To make the subroutine an
+lvalue subroutine, add the lvalue attribute to the definition, or put
+the declaration before the definition.
=item Malformed integer in [] in pack
a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
+=item Not an unblessed ARRAY reference
+
+(F) You passed a reference to a blessed array to C<push>, C<shift> or
+another array function. These only accept unblessed array references
+or arrays beginning explicitly with C<@>.
+
=item Not a SCALAR reference
(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
=item NULL OP IN RUN
-(P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
+(S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
pointer.
=item Null picture in formline
=item Offset outside string
-(F|W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
+(F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
take place when going past the end of the string when either
=item Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
-(W) You performed an operation requiring Unicode semantics on a code
+(W utf8, non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
+semantics on a code
point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not defined. Perl
has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
-C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
+C<no warnings 'non_unicode';>.
=item Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
-(W) You performed an operation requiring Unicode semantics on a Unicode
+(W utf8, surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
+semantics on a Unicode
surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for anything but
storing strings in UTF-16, but semantics are (reluctantly) defined for
the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this operation. Because
matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
-C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
+C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
=item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
=item Out of memory during request for %s
-(X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
+(X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
request.
(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
reference.
-=item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
-
-(P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
-last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
-an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
-a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
-
=item panic: die %s
(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to the glob and a
destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
-=item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash
-
-(P) The internal routine used to clear a hash's entries tried repeatedly,
-but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash
-contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that
-adds a new object to the hash.
-
=item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
(P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
+=item panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
+
+(P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
+reference count other than 1.
+
=item panic: restartop
(P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
(P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
was string.
+=item panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
+
+(P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm() failed.
+In your current locale the returned transformation of the string "ab" is
+shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no sense.
+
=item panic: top_env
(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
+=item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%x; please use the perlbug utility to report
+
+(W regex, deprecated) You used a regular expression with
+case-insensitive matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the
+built-in regular expression folding rules are not accurate. This may
+lead to incorrect results. Please report this as a bug using the
+"perlbug" utility. (This message is marked deprecated, so that it by
+default will be turned-on.)
+
=item Perl_my_%s() not available
(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
=item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
-(W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
+(W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted string
but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
to the array you apparently lost track of.
believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
+=item refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
+
=item refcnt: fd %d%s
+=item refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
+
(P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check. If
you see this message, something is very wrong.
(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
Doing so has no effect.
-=item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
-
-(W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
-a reference count other than 1.
-
=item Reference to invalid group 0
(F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to
(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
expression compiler gave it.
+=item Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
+
+=item Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
+
+(F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences
+of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
+
+=item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-"
+
+(F regexp) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
+on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the regular
+expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and place it before
+the minus), instead of the one you want to turn off.
+
+=item Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
+
+(F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
+mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
+supposed to be there.
+
=item Regexp out of space
(P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
<-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
discovered. This happens when using the C<(?^...)> construct to tell
Perl to use the default regular expression modifiers, and you
-redundantly specify a default modifier; or having a modifier that can't
-be turned off (such as C<"p"> or C<"l">) after a minus; or specifying
-more than one of the C<"d">, C<"l">, or C<"u"> modifiers. For other
+redundantly specify a default modifier. For other
causes, see L<perlre>.
=item Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
+=item Source filters apply only to byte streams
+
+(F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
+source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval>. This is
+not permitted under the C<unicode_eval> feature. Consider using
+C<evalbytes> instead. See L<feature>.
+
=item splice() offset past end of array
(W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
-if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
-questions>.
+if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>.
-=item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
+=item syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
...
This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
-from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
+from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[> and L<arybase>.
=item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
(F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
Configure knows about.
+=item Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
+
+(F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its argument
+to be a hard reference to data of the specified type. Overloading is
+ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the specified type, but
+nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will still not be accepted.
+
=item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
(F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
%NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
{EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
-=item Type of argument to %s must be hashref or arrayref
+=item Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref
-(F) You called C<keys>, C<values> or C<each> with an argument that was
-expected to be a reference to a hash or a reference to an array.
+(F) You called C<keys>, C<values> or C<each> with a scalar argument that
+was not a reference to an unblessed hash or array.
=item umask not implemented
=item Unicode non-character U+%X is illegal for open interchange
-(W utf8) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are defined by the
+(W utf8, nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
+defined by the
Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are legal codepoints, but are
reserved for internal use; so, applications shouldn't attempt to exchange
them. If you know what you are doing you can turn
-off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
+off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>.
=item Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
-(W utf8) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
+(W utf8, surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl
internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
-off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
+off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
=item Unknown BYTEORDER
(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
See L<Win32> for more information.
+=item $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
+
+(W syntax) You used C<$[> in a comparison, such as:
+
+ if ($[ > 5.006) {
+ ...
+ }
+
+You probably meant to use C<$]> instead. C<$[> is the base for indexing
+arrays. C<$]> is the Perl version number in decimal.
+
+=item Useless assignment to a temporary
+
+(W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what
+the subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to
+be discarded, so the assignment had no effect.
+
=item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
Currently all but the first one are discarded when used in a regular
expression pattern bracketed character class.
-=item Using just the first characters returned by \N{}
-
-(W) A charnames handler may return a sequence of characters. There is a
-finite limit as to the number of characters that can be used, which this
-sequence exceeded. In the message, the characters in the sequence are
-separated by dots, and each is shown by its ordinal in hex. Anything to
-the left of the C<HERE> was retained; anything to the right was discarded.
-
=item Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
(F) Using the C<!~> operator with C<s///r>, C<tr///r> or C<y///r> is
=item UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
-(W utf8) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
+(W utf8, surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl
internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
-off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
+off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
=item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
=head1 SEE ALSO
-L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>.
+L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>, L<diagnostics>.
=cut
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff