This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
Move regex global variables to interpreter level
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index d61fd43..916103f 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -185,9 +185,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
     I32                in_lookahead;
     I32                contains_locale;
     I32                override_recoding;
-#ifdef EBCDIC
-    I32                recode_x_to_native;
-#endif
+    I32         recode_x_to_native;
     I32                in_multi_char_class;
     struct reg_code_blocks *code_blocks;/* positions of literal (?{})
                                            within pattern */
@@ -245,7 +243,6 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_seen_d_op (pRExC_state->seen_d_op) /* Seen something that differs
                                                    under /d from /u ? */
 
-
 #ifdef RE_TRACK_PATTERN_OFFSETS
 #  define RExC_offsets (RExC_rxi->u.offsets) /* I am not like the
                                                          others */
@@ -276,9 +273,15 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define RExC_in_lookbehind     (pRExC_state->in_lookbehind)
 #define RExC_in_lookahead      (pRExC_state->in_lookahead)
 #define RExC_contains_locale   (pRExC_state->contains_locale)
+#define RExC_recode_x_to_native (pRExC_state->recode_x_to_native)
+
 #ifdef EBCDIC
-#   define RExC_recode_x_to_native (pRExC_state->recode_x_to_native)
+#  define SET_recode_x_to_native(x)                                         \
+                    STMT_START { RExC_recode_x_to_native = (x); } STMT_END
+#else
+#  define SET_recode_x_to_native(x) NOOP
 #endif
+
 #define RExC_in_multi_char_class (pRExC_state->in_multi_char_class)
 #define RExC_frame_head (pRExC_state->frame_head)
 #define RExC_frame_last (pRExC_state->frame_last)
@@ -354,7 +357,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 /* Change from /d into /u rules, and restart the parse.  RExC_uni_semantics is
  * a flag that indicates we need to override /d with /u as a result of
  * something in the pattern.  It should only be used in regards to calling
- * set_regex_charset() or get_regex_charse() */
+ * set_regex_charset() or get_regex_charset() */
 #define REQUIRE_UNI_RULES(flagp, restart_retval)                            \
     STMT_START {                                                            \
             if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                        \
@@ -374,12 +377,8 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 #define REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, restart_retval)                              \
     STMT_START {                                                            \
                 RExC_use_BRANCHJ = 1;                                       \
-                if (LIKELY(! IN_PARENS_PASS)) {                             \
-                    /* No need to restart the parse immediately if we're    \
-                     * going to reparse anyway to count parens */           \
-                    *flagp |= RESTART_PARSE;                                \
-                    return restart_retval;                                  \
-                }                                                           \
+                *flagp |= RESTART_PARSE;                                    \
+                return restart_retval;                                      \
     } STMT_END
 
 /* Until we have completed the parse, we leave RExC_total_parens at 0 or
@@ -750,6 +749,10 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
     Perl_croak(aTHX_ msg " in regex m/%" UTF8f "%s/",      \
            arg, UTF8fARG(UTF, len, RExC_precomp), ellipses))
 
+#define        FAIL3(msg,arg1,arg2) _FAIL(                         \
+    Perl_croak(aTHX_ msg " in regex m/%" UTF8f "%s/",      \
+     arg1, arg2, UTF8fARG(UTF, len, RExC_precomp), ellipses))
+
 /*
  * Simple_vFAIL -- like FAIL, but marks the current location in the scan
  */
@@ -847,7 +850,8 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
 #define UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(loc)                                        \
     STMT_START {                                                        \
         if (TO_OUTPUT_WARNINGS(loc)) {                                  \
-            RExC_latest_warn_offset = (xI(loc)) - RExC_precomp;         \
+            RExC_latest_warn_offset = MAX(sI, MIN(eI, xI(loc)))         \
+                                                       - RExC_precomp;  \
         }                                                               \
     } STMT_END
 
@@ -1584,7 +1588,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     unsigned int i;
     const U32 n = ARG(node);
     bool new_node_has_latin1 = FALSE;
-    const U8 flags = (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr))
+    const U8 flags = (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb))
                       ? 0
                       : ANYOF_FLAGS(node);
 
@@ -1639,7 +1643,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     }
 
     /* Add in the points from the bit map */
-    if (! inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+    if (! inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
         for (i = 0; i < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS; i++) {
             if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, i)) {
                 unsigned int start = i++;
@@ -1726,7 +1730,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * another SSC or a regular ANYOF class.  Can create false positives. */
 
     SV* anded_cp_list;
-    U8  and_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(and_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+    U8  and_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(and_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)
                           ? 0
                           : ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with);
     U8  anded_flags;
@@ -1912,7 +1916,7 @@ S_ssc_or(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
 
     SV* ored_cp_list;
     U8 ored_flags;
-    U8  or_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(or_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+    U8  or_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(or_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)
                          ? 0
                          : ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with);
 
@@ -2138,6 +2142,7 @@ S_ssc_finalize(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc)
     populate_ANYOF_from_invlist( (regnode *) ssc, &invlist);
 
     set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, (regnode *) ssc, invlist, NULL, NULL);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(invlist);
 
     /* Make sure is clone-safe */
     ssc->invlist = NULL;
@@ -2698,7 +2703,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 #endif
 
     switch (flags) {
-        case EXACT: case EXACT_ONLY8: case EXACTL: break;
+        case EXACT: case EXACT_REQ8: case EXACTL: break;
        case EXACTFAA:
         case EXACTFUP:
        case EXACTFU:
@@ -2713,7 +2718,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
     trie->wordcount = word_count;
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot ] = (void*)trie;
     trie->charmap = (U16 *) PerlMemShared_calloc( 256, sizeof(U16) );
-    if (flags == EXACT || flags == EXACT_ONLY8 || flags == EXACTL)
+    if (flags == EXACT || flags == EXACT_REQ8 || flags == EXACTL)
        trie->bitmap = (char *) PerlMemShared_calloc( ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE, 1 );
     trie->wordinfo = (reg_trie_wordinfo *) PerlMemShared_calloc(
                        trie->wordcount+1, sizeof(reg_trie_wordinfo));
@@ -2789,8 +2794,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
         if (    noper < tail
             && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                          || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
         {
             uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3007,8 +3012,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
             if (    noper < tail
                 && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                              || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
             {
                 const U8 *uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3232,8 +3237,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
             if (    noper < tail
                 && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                              || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
             {
                 const U8 *uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3548,9 +3553,9 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
                     if ( state==1 ) {
                         OP( convert ) = nodetype;
                         str=STRING(convert);
-                        STR_LEN(convert)=0;
+                        setSTR_LEN(convert, 0);
                     }
-                    STR_LEN(convert) += len;
+                    setSTR_LEN(convert, STR_LEN(convert) + len);
                     while (len--)
                         *str++ = *ch++;
                } else {
@@ -3990,8 +3995,9 @@ S_construct_ahocorasick_from_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *sour
  *      using /iaa matching will be doing so almost entirely with ASCII
  *      strings, so this should rarely be encountered in practice */
 
-#define JOIN_EXACT(scan,min_subtract,unfolded_multi_char, flags) \
-    if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT) \
+#define JOIN_EXACT(scan,min_subtract,unfolded_multi_char, flags)    \
+    if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT && OP(scan) != LEXACT         \
+                                      && OP(scan) != LEXACT_REQ8)  \
         join_exact(pRExC_state,(scan),(min_subtract),unfolded_multi_char, (flags), NULL, depth+1)
 
 STATIC U32
@@ -4056,16 +4062,16 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
 
             /* Joining something that requires UTF-8 with something that
              * doesn't, means the result requires UTF-8. */
-            if (OP(scan) == EXACT && (OP(n) == EXACT_ONLY8)) {
-                OP(scan) = EXACT_ONLY8;
+            if (OP(scan) == EXACT && (OP(n) == EXACT_REQ8)) {
+                OP(scan) = EXACT_REQ8;
             }
-            else if (OP(scan) == EXACT_ONLY8 && (OP(n) == EXACT)) {
+            else if (OP(scan) == EXACT_REQ8 && (OP(n) == EXACT)) {
                 ;   /* join is compatible, no need to change OP */
             }
-            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU_ONLY8)) {
-                OP(scan) = EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU_REQ8)) {
+                OP(scan) = EXACTFU_REQ8;
             }
-            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU_ONLY8) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU)) {
+            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU_REQ8) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU)) {
                 ;   /* join is compatible, no need to change OP */
             }
             else if (OP(scan) == EXACTFU && OP(n) == EXACTFU) {
@@ -4088,7 +4094,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
                   * node.  And if the only adjacent node is EXACTF, they get
                   * absorbed into that, under the theory that a longer node is
                   * better than two shorter ones, even if one is EXACTFU.  Note
-                  * that EXACTFU_ONLY8 is generated only for UTF-8 patterns,
+                  * that EXACTFU_REQ8 is generated only for UTF-8 patterns,
                   * and the EXACTFU_S_EDGE ones only for non-UTF-8.  */
 
                 if (STRING(n)[STR_LEN(n)-1] == 's') {
@@ -4157,7 +4163,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
             merged++;
 
             NEXT_OFF(scan) += NEXT_OFF(n);
-            STR_LEN(scan) += STR_LEN(n);
+            setSTR_LEN(scan, STR_LEN(scan) + STR_LEN(n));
             next = n + NODE_SZ_STR(n);
             /* Now we can overwrite *n : */
             Move(STRING(n), STRING(scan) + oldl, STR_LEN(n), char);
@@ -4196,7 +4202,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
      * this final joining, sequences could have been split over boundaries, and
      * hence missed).  The sequences only happen in folding, hence for any
      * non-EXACT EXACTish node */
-    if (OP(scan) != EXACT && OP(scan) != EXACT_ONLY8 && OP(scan) != EXACTL) {
+    if (OP(scan) != EXACT && OP(scan) != EXACT_REQ8 && OP(scan) != EXACTL) {
         U8* s0 = (U8*) STRING(scan);
         U8* s = s0;
         U8* s_end = s0 + STR_LEN(scan);
@@ -4539,31 +4545,31 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
          */
         JOIN_EXACT(scan,&min_subtract, &unfolded_multi_char, 0);
 
-       /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
-          away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
-       if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
-           const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
-                      ? I32_MAX
-                      /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
-                      : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
-           int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
-           int noff;
-           regnode *n = scan;
-
-           /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
-           while ((n = regnext(n))
-                  && ((PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
-                      || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
-                  && off + noff < max)
-               off += noff;
-           if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
-               ARG(scan) = off;
-           else
-               NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
-       }
+        /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
+           away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
+        if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
+            const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
+                            ? I32_MAX
+                              /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
+                            : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
+            int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
+            int noff;
+            regnode *n = scan;
+
+            /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
+            while (   (n = regnext(n))
+                   && (   (PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
+                       || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
+                   && off + noff < max)
+                off += noff;
+            if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
+                ARG(scan) = off;
+            else
+                NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
+        }
 
-       /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
-          look into several different things.  */
+        /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we look into
+         * several different things.  */
         if ( OP(scan) == DEFINEP ) {
             SSize_t minlen = 0;
             SSize_t deltanext = 0;
@@ -4855,9 +4861,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                 ----------------+-----------
                                 NOTHING         | NOTHING
                                 EXACT           | EXACT
-                                EXACT_ONLY8     | EXACT
+                                EXACT_REQ8     | EXACT
                                 EXACTFU         | EXACTFU
-                                EXACTFU_ONLY8   | EXACTFU
+                                EXACTFU_REQ8   | EXACTFU
                                 EXACTFUP        | EXACTFU
                                 EXACTFAA        | EXACTFAA
                                 EXACTL          | EXACTL
@@ -4867,10 +4873,10 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         */
 #define TRIE_TYPE(X) ( ( NOTHING == (X) )                                   \
                        ? NOTHING                                            \
-                       : ( EXACT == (X) || EXACT_ONLY8 == (X) )             \
+                       : ( EXACT == (X) || EXACT_REQ8 == (X) )             \
                          ? EXACT                                            \
                          : (     EXACTFU == (X)                             \
-                              || EXACTFU_ONLY8 == (X)                       \
+                              || EXACTFU_REQ8 == (X)                       \
                               || EXACTFUP == (X) )                          \
                            ? EXACTFU                                        \
                            : ( EXACTFAA == (X) )                            \
@@ -5194,7 +5200,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
        }
        else if (   OP(scan) == EXACT
-                 || OP(scan) == EXACT_ONLY8
+                 || OP(scan) == LEXACT
+                 || OP(scan) == EXACT_REQ8
+                 || OP(scan) == LEXACT_REQ8
                  || OP(scan) == EXACTL)
         {
            SSize_t l = STR_LEN(scan);
@@ -5279,7 +5287,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
 
             if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                SV* EXACTF_invlist = _make_exactf_invlist(pRExC_state, scan);
+                SV* EXACTF_invlist = make_exactf_invlist(pRExC_state, scan);
 
                 assert(EXACTF_invlist);
                 if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
@@ -5316,7 +5324,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
                    next = NEXTOPER(scan);
                    if (   OP(next) == EXACT
-                        || OP(next) == EXACT_ONLY8
+                        || OP(next) == LEXACT
+                        || OP(next) == EXACT_REQ8
+                        || OP(next) == LEXACT_REQ8
                         || OP(next) == EXACTL
                         || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
                     {
@@ -5855,6 +5865,7 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                 case ANYOFH:
                 case ANYOFHb:
                 case ANYOFHr:
+                case ANYOFHs:
                 case ANYOF:
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
                        ssc_and(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
@@ -5880,6 +5891,26 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                     break;
                   }
 
+                case ANYOFR:
+                case ANYOFRb:
+                  {
+                    SV* cp_list = NULL;
+
+                    cp_list = _add_range_to_invlist(cp_list,
+                                        ANYOFRbase(scan),
+                                        ANYOFRbase(scan) + ANYOFRdelta(scan));
+
+                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                        ssc_union(data->start_class, cp_list, invert);
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                        ssc_intersection(data->start_class, cp_list, invert);
+                    }
+
+                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
+                    break;
+                  }
+
                case NPOSIXL:
                     invert = 1;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
@@ -6168,7 +6199,6 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
            }
 #endif
        }
-
        else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
            if (stopparen != (I32)ARG(scan))
                pars++;
@@ -7581,6 +7611,12 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
         && memEQ(RX_PRECOMP(old_re), exp, plen)
        && !runtime_code /* with runtime code, always recompile */ )
     {
+        DEBUG_COMPILE_r({
+            SV *dsv= sv_newmortal();
+            RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s, RExC_utf8, dsv, exp, plen, PL_dump_re_max_len);
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "%sSkipping recompilation of unchanged REx%s %s\n",
+                          PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5], s);
+        });
         return old_re;
     }
 
@@ -7626,9 +7662,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     RExC_in_lookbehind = 0;
     RExC_in_lookahead = 0;
     RExC_seen_zerolen = *exp == '^' ? -1 : 0;
-#ifdef EBCDIC
     RExC_recode_x_to_native = 0;
-#endif
     RExC_in_multi_char_class = 0;
 
     RExC_start = RExC_copy_start_in_constructed = RExC_copy_start_in_input = RExC_precomp = exp;
@@ -7839,6 +7873,16 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     SetProgLen(RExC_rxi,RExC_size);
 #endif
 
+    DEBUG_DUMP_PRE_OPTIMIZE_r({
+        SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
+        RXi_GET_DECL(RExC_rx, ri);
+        DEBUG_RExC_seen();
+        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "Program before optimization:\n");
+
+        (void)dumpuntil(RExC_rx, ri->program, ri->program + 1, NULL, NULL,
+                        sv, 0, 0);
+    });
+
     DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(
         Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Starting post parse optimization\n");
     );
@@ -7961,7 +8005,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
         /* Ignore EXACT as we deal with it later. */
        if (PL_regkind[OP(first)] == EXACT) {
            if (   OP(first) == EXACT
-                || OP(first) == EXACT_ONLY8
+               || OP(first) == LEXACT
+                || OP(first) == EXACT_REQ8
+                || OP(first) == LEXACT_REQ8
                 || OP(first) == EXACTL)
             {
                NOOP;   /* Empty, get anchored substr later. */
@@ -8307,7 +8353,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
                  && nop == END)
             RExC_rx->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;
         else if ( RExC_rx->extflags & RXf_SPLIT
-                  && (fop == EXACT || fop == EXACT_ONLY8 || fop == EXACTL)
+                  && (   fop == EXACT || fop == LEXACT
+                      || fop == EXACT_REQ8 || fop == LEXACT_REQ8
+                      || fop == EXACTL)
                   && STR_LEN(first) == 1
                   && *(STRING(first)) == ' '
                   && nop == END )
@@ -9005,23 +9053,6 @@ S__invlist_array_init(SV* const invlist, const bool will_have_0)
     return zero_addr + *offset;
 }
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_set_len(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV len, const bool offset)
-{
-    /* Sets the current number of elements stored in the inversion list.
-     * Updates SvCUR correspondingly */
-    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_SET_LEN;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    SvCUR_set(invlist,
-              (len == 0)
-               ? 0
-               : TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(len + offset));
-    assert(SvLEN(invlist) == 0 || SvCUR(invlist) <= SvLEN(invlist));
-}
-
 STATIC void
 S_invlist_replace_list_destroys_src(pTHX_ SV * dest, SV * src)
 {
@@ -9172,6 +9203,7 @@ S_initialize_invlist_guts(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const Size_t initial_size)
     invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
 
     *get_invlist_previous_index_addr(invlist) = 0;
+    SvPOK_on(invlist);  /* This allows B to extract the PV */
 }
 
 SV*
@@ -9246,25 +9278,12 @@ Perl__new_invlist_C_array(pTHX_ const UV* const list)
     invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
 
     SvREADONLY_on(invlist);
+    SvPOK_on(invlist);
 
     return invlist;
 }
 
 STATIC void
-S_invlist_extend(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV new_max)
-{
-    /* Grow the maximum size of an inversion list */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_EXTEND;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    /* Add one to account for the zero element at the beginning which may not
-     * be counted by the calling parameters */
-    SvGROW((SV *)invlist, TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(new_max + 1));
-}
-
-STATIC void
 S__append_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* const invlist,
                                  const UV start, const UV end)
 {
@@ -10250,11 +10269,6 @@ Perl__setup_canned_invlist(pTHX_ const STRLEN size, const UV element0,
 
 #endif
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE SV*
-S_add_cp_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV cp) {
-    return _add_range_to_invlist(invlist, cp, cp);
-}
-
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 void
 Perl__invlist_invert(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
@@ -10305,106 +10319,26 @@ Perl_invlist_clone(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, SV* new_invlist)
 
 #endif
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE STRLEN*
-S_get_invlist_iter_addr(SV* invlist)
-{
-    /* Return the address of the UV that contains the current iteration
-     * position */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_INVLIST_ITER_ADDR;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    return &(((XINVLIST*) SvANY(invlist))->iterator);
-}
-
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_iterinit(SV* invlist)        /* Initialize iterator for invlist */
-{
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERINIT;
-
-    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = 0;
-}
-
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_iterfinish(SV* invlist)
-{
-    /* Terminate iterator for invlist.  This is to catch development errors.
-     * Any iteration that is interrupted before completed should call this
-     * function.  Functions that add code points anywhere else but to the end
-     * of an inversion list assert that they are not in the middle of an
-     * iteration.  If they were, the addition would make the iteration
-     * problematical: if the iteration hadn't reached the place where things
-     * were being added, it would be ok */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERFINISH;
-
-    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = (STRLEN) UV_MAX;
-}
-
-STATIC bool
-S_invlist_iternext(SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
-{
-    /* An C<invlist_iterinit> call on <invlist> must be used to set this up.
-     * This call sets in <*start> and <*end>, the next range in <invlist>.
-     * Returns <TRUE> if successful and the next call will return the next
-     * range; <FALSE> if was already at the end of the list.  If the latter,
-     * <*start> and <*end> are unchanged, and the next call to this function
-     * will start over at the beginning of the list */
-
-    STRLEN* pos = get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist);
-    UV len = _invlist_len(invlist);
-    UV *array;
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERNEXT;
-
-    if (*pos >= len) {
-       *pos = (STRLEN) UV_MAX; /* Force iterinit() to be required next time */
-       return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    array = invlist_array(invlist);
-
-    *start = array[(*pos)++];
-
-    if (*pos >= len) {
-       *end = UV_MAX;
-    }
-    else {
-       *end = array[(*pos)++] - 1;
-    }
-
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
-S_invlist_highest(SV* const invlist)
+S_invlist_lowest(SV* const invlist)
 {
-    /* Returns the highest code point that matches an inversion list.  This API
-     * has an ambiguity, as it returns 0 under either the highest is actually
+    /* Returns the lowest code point that matches an inversion list.  This API
+     * has an ambiguity, as it returns 0 under either the lowest is actually
      * 0, or if the list is empty.  If this distinction matters to you, check
      * for emptiness before calling this function */
 
     UV len = _invlist_len(invlist);
     UV *array;
 
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_HIGHEST;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_LOWEST;
 
     if (len == 0) {
-       return 0;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     array = invlist_array(invlist);
 
-    /* The last element in the array in the inversion list always starts a
-     * range that goes to infinity.  That range may be for code points that are
-     * matched in the inversion list, or it may be for ones that aren't
-     * matched.  In the latter case, the highest code point in the set is one
-     * less than the beginning of this range; otherwise it is the final element
-     * of this range: infinity */
-    return (ELEMENT_RANGE_MATCHES_INVLIST(len - 1))
-           ? UV_MAX
-           : array[len - 1] - 1;
+    return array[0];
 }
 
 STATIC SV *
@@ -10585,7 +10519,7 @@ Perl__invlistEQ(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, const bool complement_b)
  * call SvREFCNT_dec() when done with it.
  */
 STATIC SV*
-S__make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
+S_make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
 {
     dVAR;
     const U8 * s = (U8*)STRING(node);
@@ -10594,7 +10528,7 @@ S__make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
     /* Start out big enough for 2 separate code points */
     SV* invlist = _new_invlist(4);
 
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MAKE_EXACTF_INVLIST;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAKE_EXACTF_INVLIST;
 
     if (! UTF) {
         uc = *s;
@@ -11068,7 +11002,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG;
     DEBUG_PARSE("reg ");
 
-
     max_open = get_sv(RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT, GV_ADD);
     assert(max_open);
     if (!SvIOK(max_open)) {
@@ -11301,12 +11234,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         goto parse_rest;
                     }
 
-                    /* By doing this here, we avoid extra warnings for nested
-                     * script runs */
-                    ckWARNexperimental(RExC_parse,
-                        WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SCRIPT_RUN,
-                        "The script_run feature is experimental");
-
                     if (paren == 's') {
                         /* Here, we're starting a new regular script run */
                         ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SROPEN);
@@ -11329,10 +11256,15 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         return 0;
                     }
 
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, atomic);
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, atomic)) {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
 
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, atomic,
-                           reg_node(pRExC_state, SRCLOSE));
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, atomic, reg_node(pRExC_state,
+                                                                SRCLOSE)))
+                    {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
 
                     RExC_in_script_run = 0;
                     return ret;
@@ -11346,9 +11278,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 /*FALLTHROUGH*/
 
             alpha_assertions:
-                ckWARNexperimental(RExC_parse,
-                        WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__ALPHA_ASSERTIONS,
-                        "The alpha_assertions feature is experimental");
 
                 RExC_seen_zerolen++;
 
@@ -11792,7 +11721,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                                        RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME
                                       );
                     FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = 2;
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, eval);
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, eval)) {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                     /* deal with the length of this later - MJD */
                    return ret;
                }
@@ -11845,7 +11776,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
                     tail = reg(pRExC_state, 1, &flag, depth+1);
                     RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(flag, flagp);
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, tail);
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, tail)) {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                     goto insert_if;
                 }
                else if (   RExC_parse[0] == '<'     /* (?(<NAME>)...) */
@@ -11937,15 +11870,22 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                    }
                    nextchar(pRExC_state);
                  insert_if:
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state, IFTHEN, 0));
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reganode(pRExC_state,
+                                                             IFTHEN, 0)))
+                    {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                     br = regbranch(pRExC_state, &flags, 1, depth+1);
                    if (br == 0) {
                         RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(flags,flagp);
                         FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned failure, flags=%#" UVxf,
                               (UV) flags);
                     } else
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, br, reganode(pRExC_state,
-                                                          LONGJMP, 0));
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, br, reganode(pRExC_state,
+                                                             LONGJMP, 0)))
+                    {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                    c = UCHARAT(RExC_parse);
                     nextchar(pRExC_state);
                    if (flags&HASWIDTH)
@@ -11962,7 +11902,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             FAIL2("panic: regbranch returned failure, flags=%#" UVxf,
                                   (UV) flags);
                         }
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, lastbr);
+                        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, lastbr)) {
+                            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                        }
                        if (flags&HASWIDTH)
                            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
                         c = UCHARAT(RExC_parse);
@@ -11977,16 +11919,26 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             vFAIL("Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches");
                     }
                    ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL);
-                    REGTAIL(pRExC_state, br, ender);
+                    if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, br, ender)) {
+                        REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                    }
                    if (lastbr) {
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender);
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, REGNODE_OFFSET(
-                                                NEXTOPER(
-                                                NEXTOPER(REGNODE_p(lastbr)))),
-                                             ender);
+                        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, lastbr, ender)) {
+                            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                        }
+                        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state,
+                                      REGNODE_OFFSET(
+                                                 NEXTOPER(
+                                                 NEXTOPER(REGNODE_p(lastbr)))),
+                                      ender))
+                        {
+                            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                        }
                    }
                    else
-                        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender);
+                        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender)) {
+                            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                        }
 #if 0  /* Removing this doesn't cause failures in the test suite -- khw */
                     RExC_size++; /* XXX WHY do we need this?!!
                                     For large programs it seems to be required
@@ -12028,16 +11980,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 goto parse_rest;
             } /* end switch */
        }
-       else {
-            if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
-                ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse + 1,
-                            "Unescaped left brace in regex is "
-                            "deprecated here (and will be fatal "
-                            "in Perl 5.32), passed through");
-            }
-            /* Not bothering to indent here, as the above 'else' is temporary
-             * */
-        if (!(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE)) {   /* (...) */
+        else if (!(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE)) {   /* (...) */
          capturing_parens:
            parno = RExC_npar;
            RExC_npar++;
@@ -12104,7 +12047,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             /* with RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE treat (...) as (?:...) */
             paren = ':';
            ret = 0;
-       }
         }
     }
     else                        /* ! paren */
@@ -12136,7 +12078,9 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
        *flagp |= flags&SIMPLE;
     }
     if (is_open) {                             /* Starts with OPEN. */
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, br);          /* OPEN -> first. */
+        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, br)) {  /* OPEN -> first. */
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
     }
     else if (paren != '?')             /* Not Conditional */
        ret = br;
@@ -12144,12 +12088,15 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     lastbr = br;
     while (*RExC_parse == '|') {
        if (RExC_use_BRANCHJ) {
+            bool shut_gcc_up;
+
            ender = reganode(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, 0);
 
             /* Append to the previous. */
-            REGTAIL(pRExC_state,
-                    REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(REGNODE_p(lastbr)))),
-                    ender);
+            shut_gcc_up = REGTAIL(pRExC_state,
+                         REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(REGNODE_p(lastbr)))),
+                         ender);
+            PERL_UNUSED_VAR(shut_gcc_up);
        }
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
        if (freeze_paren) {
@@ -12260,9 +12207,10 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         is_nothing= 0;
                }
                else if (op == BRANCHJ) {
-                    REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state,
-                                  REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(br))),
-                                  ender);
+                    bool shut_gcc_up = REGTAIL_STUDY(pRExC_state,
+                                        REGNODE_OFFSET(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(br))),
+                                        ender);
+                    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(shut_gcc_up);
                     /* for now we always disable this optimisation * /
                     if ( OP(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(br))) != NOTHING
                          || regnext(NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(br))) != REGNODE_p(ender))
@@ -12577,7 +12525,9 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                const regnode_offset w = reg_node(pRExC_state, WHILEM);
 
                FLAGS(REGNODE_p(w)) = 0;
-                REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, w);
+                if (!  REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, w)) {
+                    REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                }
                if (RExC_use_BRANCHJ) {
                    reginsert(pRExC_state, LONGJMP, ret, depth+1);
                    reginsert(pRExC_state, NOTHING, ret, depth+1);
@@ -12592,7 +12542,11 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                if (RExC_use_BRANCHJ)
                     NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(ret)) = 3;   /* Go over NOTHING to
                                                        LONGJMP. */
-                REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING));
+                if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, reg_node(pRExC_state,
+                                                          NOTHING)))
+                {
+                    REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+                }
                 RExC_whilem_seen++;
                 MARK_NAUGHTY_EXP(1, 4);     /* compound interest */
            }
@@ -12664,16 +12618,22 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     if (*RExC_parse == '?') {
        nextchar(pRExC_state);
        reginsert(pRExC_state, MINMOD, ret, depth+1);
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ret + NODE_STEP_REGNODE);
+        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ret + NODE_STEP_REGNODE)) {
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
     }
     else if (*RExC_parse == '+') {
         regnode_offset ender;
         nextchar(pRExC_state);
         ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, SUCCEED);
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender);
+        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender)) {
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
         reginsert(pRExC_state, SUSPEND, ret, depth+1);
         ender = reg_node(pRExC_state, TAIL);
-        REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender);
+        if (! REGTAIL(pRExC_state, ret, ender)) {
+            REQUIRE_BRANCHJ(flagp, 0);
+        }
     }
 
     if (ISMULT2(RExC_parse)) {
@@ -12967,11 +12927,9 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         sv_catsv(substitute_parse, value_sv);
         sv_catpv(substitute_parse, ")");
 
-#ifdef EBCDIC
         /* The value should already be native, so no need to convert on EBCDIC
          * platforms.*/
         assert(! RExC_recode_x_to_native);
-#endif
 
     }
     else {   /* \N{U+...} */
@@ -13104,12 +13062,9 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
 
         sv_catpvs(substitute_parse, ")");
 
-#ifdef EBCDIC
         /* The values are Unicode, and therefore have to be converted to native
          * on a non-Unicode (meaning non-ASCII) platform. */
-        RExC_recode_x_to_native = 1;
-#endif
-
+        SET_recode_x_to_native(1);
     }
 
     /* Here, we have the string the name evaluates to, ready to be parsed,
@@ -13134,9 +13089,7 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     RExC_start = save_start;
     RExC_parse = endbrace;
     RExC_end = orig_end;
-#ifdef EBCDIC
-    RExC_recode_x_to_native = 0;
-#endif
+    SET_recode_x_to_native(0);
 
     SvREFCNT_dec_NN(substitute_parse);
 
@@ -13314,7 +13267,6 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     char *parse_start;
     U8 op;
     int invert = 0;
-    U8 arg;
 
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
@@ -13475,13 +13427,6 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
 
-       case 'W':
-            invert = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       case 'w':
-            arg = ANYOF_WORDCHAR;
-            goto join_posix;
-
        case 'B':
             invert = 1;
             /* FALLTHROUGH */
@@ -13600,85 +13545,26 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            goto finish_meta_pat;
           }
 
-       case 'D':
-            invert = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       case 'd':
-            arg = ANYOF_DIGIT;
-            if (! DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
-                goto join_posix;
-            }
-
-            /* \d doesn't have any matches in the upper Latin1 range, hence /d
-             * is equivalent to /u.  Changing to /u saves some branches at
-             * runtime */
-            op = POSIXU;
-            goto join_posix_op_known;
-
        case 'R':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LNBREAK);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
 
-       case 'H':
-            invert = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'd':
+       case 'D':
        case 'h':
-           arg = ANYOF_BLANK;
-            op = POSIXU;
-            goto join_posix_op_known;
-
-       case 'V':
-            invert = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       case 'v':
-           arg = ANYOF_VERTWS;
-            op = POSIXU;
-            goto join_posix_op_known;
-
-       case 'S':
-            invert = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       case 's':
-            arg = ANYOF_SPACE;
-
-          join_posix:
-
-           op = POSIXD + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > POSIXA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = POSIXA;
-            }
-            else if (op == POSIXL) {
-                RExC_contains_locale = 1;
-            }
-            else if (op == POSIXD) {
-                RExC_seen_d_op = TRUE;
-            }
-
-          join_posix_op_known:
-
-            if (invert) {
-                op += NPOSIXD - POSIXD;
-            }
-
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-            FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = namedclass_to_classnum(arg);
-
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
-
-          finish_meta_pat:
-            if (   UCHARAT(RExC_parse + 1) == '{'
-                && UNLIKELY(! new_regcurly(RExC_parse + 1, RExC_end)))
-            {
-                RExC_parse += 2;
-                vFAIL("Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here");
-            }
-           nextchar(pRExC_state);
-            Set_Node_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), 2); /* MJD */
-           break;
+       case 'H':
        case 'p':
        case 'P':
+       case 's':
+       case 'S':
+       case 'v':
+       case 'V':
+       case 'w':
+       case 'W':
+            /* These all have the same meaning inside [brackets], and it knows
+             * how to do the best optimizations for them.  So, pretend we found
+             * these within brackets, and let it do the work */
             RExC_parse--;
 
             ret = regclass(pRExC_state, flagp, depth+1,
@@ -13697,10 +13583,21 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 FAIL2("panic: regclass returned failure to regatom, flags=%#" UVxf,
                       (UV) *flagp);
 
-            RExC_parse--;
+            RExC_parse--;   /* regclass() leaves this one too far ahead */
 
+          finish_meta_pat:
+                   /* The escapes above that don't take a parameter can't be
+                    * followed by a '{'.  But 'pX', 'p{foo}' and
+                    * correspondingly 'P' can be */
+            if (   RExC_parse - parse_start == 1
+                && UCHARAT(RExC_parse + 1) == '{'
+                && UNLIKELY(! new_regcurly(RExC_parse + 1, RExC_end)))
+            {
+                RExC_parse += 2;
+                vFAIL("Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here");
+            }
             Set_Node_Offset(REGNODE_p(ret), parse_start);
-            Set_Node_Cur_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), parse_start - 2);
+            Set_Node_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), RExC_parse - parse_start + 1); /* MJD */
             nextchar(pRExC_state);
            break;
         case 'N':
@@ -13921,14 +13818,15 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            STRLEN len = 0;
            UV ender = 0;
            char *p;
-           char *s;
-
-/* This allows us to fill a node with just enough spare so that if the final
- * character folds, its expansion is guaranteed to fit */
-#define MAX_NODE_STRING_SIZE (255-UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE)
-
+           char *s, *old_s = NULL, *old_old_s = NULL;
            char *s0;
-           U8 upper_parse = MAX_NODE_STRING_SIZE;
+            U32 max_string_len = 255;
+
+            /* We may have to reparse the node, artificially stopping filling
+             * it early, based on info gleaned in the first parse.  This
+             * variable gives where we stop.  Make it above the normal stopping
+             * place first time through; otherwise it would stop too early */
+            U32 upper_fill = max_string_len + 1;
 
             /* We start out as an EXACT node, even if under /i, until we find a
              * character which is in a fold.  The algorithm now segregates into
@@ -13942,9 +13840,17 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             U8 node_type = EXACT;
 
             /* Assume the node will be fully used; the excess is given back at
-             * the end.  We can't make any other length assumptions, as a byte
-             * input sequence could shrink down. */
-            Ptrdiff_t initial_size = STR_SZ(256);
+             * the end.  Under /i, we may need to temporarily add the fold of
+             * an extra character or two at the end to check for splitting
+             * multi-char folds, so allocate extra space for that.   We can't
+             * make any other length assumptions, as a byte input sequence
+             * could shrink down. */
+            Ptrdiff_t current_string_nodes = STR_SZ(max_string_len
+                                                 + ((! FOLD)
+                                                    ? 0
+                                                    : 2 * ((UTF)
+                                                           ? UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE
+                        /* Max non-UTF-8 expansion is 2 */ : 2)));
 
             bool next_is_quantifier;
             char * oldp = NULL;
@@ -13975,10 +13881,15 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             /* So is the MICRO SIGN */
             bool has_micro_sign = FALSE;
 
+            /* Set when we fill up the current node and there is still more
+             * text to process */
+            bool overflowed;
+
             /* Allocate an EXACT node.  The node_type may change below to
              * another EXACTish node, but since the size of the node doesn't
              * change, it works */
-            ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, node_type, initial_size, "exact");
+            ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, node_type, current_string_nodes,
+                                                                    "exact");
             FILL_NODE(ret, node_type);
             RExC_emit++;
 
@@ -13988,6 +13899,19 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
          reparse:
 
+            p = RExC_parse;
+            len = 0;
+            s = s0;
+            node_type = EXACT;
+            oldp = NULL;
+            maybe_exactfu = FOLD && (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS || LOC);
+            maybe_SIMPLE = SIMPLE;
+            requires_utf8_target = FALSE;
+            has_ss = FALSE;
+            has_micro_sign = FALSE;
+
+          continue_parse:
+
             /* This breaks under rare circumstances.  If folding, we do not
              * want to split a node at a character that is a non-final in a
              * multi-char fold, as an input string could just happen to want to
@@ -14002,18 +13926,22 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                    || UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))
                    || UTF8_IS_START(UCHARAT(RExC_parse)));
 
+            overflowed = FALSE;
+
             /* Here, we have a literal character.  Find the maximal string of
              * them in the input that we can fit into a single EXACTish node.
              * We quit at the first non-literal or when the node gets full, or
              * under /i the categorization of folding/non-folding character
              * changes */
-           for (p = RExC_parse; len < upper_parse && p < RExC_end; ) {
+            while (p < RExC_end && len < upper_fill) {
 
                 /* In most cases each iteration adds one byte to the output.
                  * The exceptions override this */
                 Size_t added_len = 1;
 
                oldp = p;
+                old_old_s = old_s;
+                old_s = s;
 
                 /* White space has already been ignored */
                 assert(   (RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_EXTENDED) == 0
@@ -14182,13 +14110,13 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(p - 1);
                             ender = result;
 
-                            if (ender < 0x100) {
 #ifdef EBCDIC
+                            if (ender < 0x100) {
                                 if (RExC_recode_x_to_native) {
                                     ender = LATIN1_TO_NATIVE(ender);
                                 }
-#endif
                            }
+#endif
                            break;
                        }
                    case 'c':
@@ -14345,20 +14273,29 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 /* Ready to add 'ender' to the node */
 
                 if (! FOLD) {  /* The simple case, just append the literal */
+                  not_fold_common:
 
-                      not_fold_common:
-                        if (UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(ender) || ! UTF) {
-                            *(s++) = (char) ender;
-                        }
-                        else {
-                            U8 * new_s = uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)s, ender);
-                            added_len = (char *) new_s - s;
-                            s = (char *) new_s;
+                    /* Don't output if it would overflow */
+                    if (UNLIKELY(len > max_string_len - ((UTF)
+                                                      ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender)
+                                                      : 1)))
+                    {
+                        overflowed = TRUE;
+                        break;
+                    }
 
-                            if (ender > 255)  {
-                                requires_utf8_target = TRUE;
-                            }
+                    if (UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(ender) || ! UTF) {
+                        *(s++) = (char) ender;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        U8 * new_s = uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)s, ender);
+                        added_len = (char *) new_s - s;
+                        s = (char *) new_s;
+
+                        if (ender > 255)  {
+                            requires_utf8_target = TRUE;
                         }
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (LOC && is_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE_FOLD_cp(ender)) {
 
@@ -14422,22 +14359,35 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         goto loopdone;
                     }
 
-                    if (UTF) {  /* Use the folded value */
+                    if (UTF) {  /* Alway use the folded value for UTF-8
+                                   patterns */
                         if (UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(ender)) {
+                            if (UNLIKELY(len + 1 > max_string_len)) {
+                                overflowed = TRUE;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
                             *(s)++ = (U8) toFOLD(ender);
                         }
                         else {
-                            ender = _to_uni_fold_flags(
+                            UV folded = _to_uni_fold_flags(
                                     ender,
-                                    (U8 *) s,
+                                    (U8 *) s,  /* We have allocated extra space
+                                                  in 's' so can't run off the
+                                                  end */
                                     &added_len,
                                     FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                                     ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
                                                     : 0));
+                            if (UNLIKELY(len + added_len > max_string_len)) {
+                                overflowed = TRUE;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
                             s += added_len;
 
-                            if (   ender > 255
-                                && LIKELY(ender != GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU))
+                            if (   folded > 255
+                                && LIKELY(folded != GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU))
                             {
                                 /* U+B5 folds to the MU, so its possible for a
                                  * non-UTF-8 target to match it */
@@ -14445,63 +14395,77 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    else {
-
-                        /* Here is non-UTF8.  First, see if the character's
-                         * fold differs between /d and /u. */
-                        if (PL_fold[ender] != PL_fold_latin1[ender]) {
-                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                    else { /* Here is non-UTF8. */
+
+                        /* The fold will be one or (rarely) two characters.
+                         * Check that there's room for at least a single one
+                         * before setting any flags, etc.  Because otherwise an
+                         * overflowing character could cause a flag to be set
+                         * even though it doesn't end up in this node.  (For
+                         * the two character fold, we check again, before
+                         * setting any flags) */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(len + 1 > max_string_len)) {
+                            overflowed = TRUE;
+                            break;
                         }
 
 #if    UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION > 3 /* no multifolds in early Unicode */   \
    || (UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && (   UNICODE_DOT_VERSION > 0)       \
                                       || UNICODE_DOT_DOT_VERSION > 0)
 
-                        /* On non-ancient Unicode versions, this includes the
-                         * multi-char fold SHARP S to 'ss' */
-
-                        if (   UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)
-                                 || (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's')
-                                     && len > 0
-                                     && isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*(s-1), 's')))
-                        {
-                            /* Here, we have one of the following:
-                             *  a)  a SHARP S.  This folds to 'ss' only under
-                             *      /u rules.  If we are in that situation,
-                             *      fold the SHARP S to 'ss'.  See the comments
-                             *      for join_exact() as to why we fold this
-                             *      non-UTF at compile time, and no others.
-                             *  b)  'ss'.  When under /u, there's nothing
-                             *      special needed to be done here.  The
-                             *      previous iteration handled the first 's',
-                             *      and this iteration will handle the second.
-                             *      If, on the otherhand it's not /u, we have
-                             *      to exclude the possibility of moving to /u,
-                             *      so that we won't generate an unwanted
-                             *      match, unless, at runtime, the target
-                             *      string is in UTF-8.
-                             * */
+                        /* On non-ancient Unicodes, check for the only possible
+                         * multi-char fold  */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)) {
 
+                            /* This potential multi-char fold means the node
+                             * can't be simple (because it could match more
+                             * than a single char).  And in some cases it will
+                             * match 'ss', so set that flag */
+                            maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
                             has_ss = TRUE;
-                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;  /* Can't generate an
-                                                       EXACTFU node (unless we
-                                                       already are in one) */
-                            if (UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)) {
-                                maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
-                                if (node_type == EXACTFU) {
-                                    *(s++) = 's';
-
-                                    /* Let the code below add in the extra 's' */
-                                    ender = 's';
-                                    added_len = 2;
+
+                            /* It can't change to be an EXACTFU (unless already
+                             * is one).  We fold it iff under /u rules. */
+                            if (node_type != EXACTFU) {
+                                maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                if (UNLIKELY(len + 2 > max_string_len)) {
+                                    overflowed = TRUE;
+                                    break;
                                 }
+
+                                *(s++) = 's';
+                                *(s++) = 's';
+                                added_len = 2;
+
+                                goto done_with_this_char;
                             }
                         }
+                        else if (   UNLIKELY(isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's'))
+                                 && LIKELY(len > 0)
+                                 && UNLIKELY(isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*(s-1), 's')))
+                        {
+                            /* Also, the sequence 'ss' is special when not
+                             * under /u.  If the target string is UTF-8, it
+                             * should match SHARP S; otherwise it won't.  So,
+                             * here we have to exclude the possibility of this
+                             * node moving to /u.*/
+                            has_ss = TRUE;
+                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                        }
 #endif
+                        /* Here, the fold will be a single character */
 
-                        else if (UNLIKELY(ender == MICRO_SIGN)) {
+                        if (UNLIKELY(ender == MICRO_SIGN)) {
                             has_micro_sign = TRUE;
                         }
+                        else if (PL_fold[ender] != PL_fold_latin1[ender]) {
+
+                            /* If the character's fold differs between /d and
+                             * /u, this can't change to be an EXACTFU node */
+                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                        }
 
                         *(s++) = (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS)
                                  ? (char) toFOLD(ender)
@@ -14516,6 +14480,8 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     }
                } /* End of adding current character to the node */
 
+              done_with_this_char:
+
                 len += added_len;
 
                if (next_is_quantifier) {
@@ -14527,168 +14493,505 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
            } /* End of loop through literal characters */
 
-            /* Here we have either exhausted the input or ran out of room in
-             * the node.  (If we encountered a character that can't be in the
-             * node, transfer is made directly to <loopdone>, and so we
-             * wouldn't have fallen off the end of the loop.)  In the latter
-             * case, we artificially have to split the node into two, because
-             * we just don't have enough space to hold everything.  This
-             * creates a problem if the final character participates in a
-             * multi-character fold in the non-final position, as a match that
-             * should have occurred won't, due to the way nodes are matched,
-             * and our artificial boundary.  So back off until we find a non-
-             * problematic character -- one that isn't at the beginning or
-             * middle of such a fold.  (Either it doesn't participate in any
-             * folds, or appears only in the final position of all the folds it
-             * does participate in.)  A better solution with far fewer false
-             * positives, and that would fill the nodes more completely, would
-             * be to actually have available all the multi-character folds to
-             * test against, and to back-off only far enough to be sure that
-             * this node isn't ending with a partial one.  <upper_parse> is set
-             * further below (if we need to reparse the node) to include just
-             * up through that final non-problematic character that this code
-             * identifies, so when it is set to less than the full node, we can
-             * skip the rest of this */
-            if (FOLD && p < RExC_end && upper_parse == MAX_NODE_STRING_SIZE) {
-                PERL_UINT_FAST8_T backup_count = 0;
-
-                const STRLEN full_len = len;
-
-               assert(len >= MAX_NODE_STRING_SIZE);
-
-                /* Here, <s> points to just beyond where we have output the
-                 * final character of the node.  Look backwards through the
-                 * string until find a non- problematic character */
-
-               if (! UTF) {
-
-                    /* This has no multi-char folds to non-UTF characters */
-                    if (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED) {
-                        goto loopdone;
+            /* Here we have either exhausted the input or run out of room in
+             * the node.  If the former, we are done.  (If we encountered a
+             * character that can't be in the node, transfer is made directly
+             * to <loopdone>, and so we wouldn't have fallen off the end of the
+             * loop.)  */
+            if (LIKELY(! overflowed)) {
+                goto loopdone;
+            }
+
+            /* Here we have run out of room.  We can grow plain EXACT and
+             * LEXACT nodes.  If the pattern is gigantic enough, though,
+             * eventually we'll have to artificially chunk the pattern into
+             * multiple nodes. */
+            if (! LOC && (node_type == EXACT || node_type == LEXACT)) {
+                Size_t overhead = 1 + regarglen[OP(REGNODE_p(ret))];
+                Size_t overhead_expansion = 0;
+                char temp[256];
+                Size_t max_nodes_for_string;
+                Size_t achievable;
+                SSize_t delta;
+
+                /* Here we couldn't fit the final character in the current
+                 * node, so it will have to be reparsed, no matter what else we
+                 * do */
+                p = oldp;
+
+                /* If would have overflowed a regular EXACT node, switch
+                 * instead to an LEXACT.  The code below is structured so that
+                 * the actual growing code is common to changing from an EXACT
+                 * or just increasing the LEXACT size.  This means that we have
+                 * to save the string in the EXACT case before growing, and
+                 * then copy it afterwards to its new location */
+                if (node_type == EXACT) {
+                    overhead_expansion = regarglen[LEXACT] - regarglen[EXACT];
+                    RExC_emit += overhead_expansion;
+                    Copy(s0, temp, len, char);
+                }
+
+                /* Ready to grow.  If it was a plain EXACT, the string was
+                 * saved, and the first few bytes of it overwritten by adding
+                 * an argument field.  We assume, as we do elsewhere in this
+                 * file, that one byte of remaining input will translate into
+                 * one byte of output, and if that's too small, we grow again,
+                 * if too large the excess memory is freed at the end */
+
+                max_nodes_for_string = U16_MAX - overhead - overhead_expansion;
+                achievable = MIN(max_nodes_for_string,
+                                 current_string_nodes + STR_SZ(RExC_end - p));
+                delta = achievable - current_string_nodes;
+
+                /* If there is just no more room, go finish up this chunk of
+                 * the pattern. */
+                if (delta <= 0) {
+                    goto loopdone;
+                }
+
+                change_engine_size(pRExC_state, delta + overhead_expansion);
+                current_string_nodes += delta;
+                max_string_len
+                           = sizeof(struct regnode) * current_string_nodes;
+                upper_fill = max_string_len + 1;
+
+                /* If the length was small, we know this was originally an
+                 * EXACT node now converted to LEXACT, and the string has to be
+                 * restored.  Otherwise the string was untouched.  260 is just
+                 * a number safely above 255 so don't have to worry about
+                 * getting it precise */
+                if (len < 260) {
+                    node_type = LEXACT;
+                    FILL_NODE(ret, node_type);
+                    s0 = STRING(REGNODE_p(ret));
+                    Copy(temp, s0, len, char);
+                    s = s0 + len;
+                }
+
+                goto continue_parse;
+            }
+            else if (FOLD) {
+                bool splittable = FALSE;
+                bool backed_up = FALSE;
+                char * e;
+                char * s_start;
+
+                /* Here is /i.  Running out of room creates a problem if we are
+                 * folding, and the split happens in the middle of a
+                 * multi-character fold, as a match that should have occurred,
+                 * won't, due to the way nodes are matched, and our artificial
+                 * boundary.  So back off until we aren't splitting such a
+                 * fold.  If there is no such place to back off to, we end up
+                 * taking the entire node as-is.  This can happen if the node
+                 * consists entirely of 'f' or entirely of 's' characters (or
+                 * things that fold to them) as 'ff' and 'ss' are
+                 * multi-character folds.
+                 *
+                 * The Unicode standard says that multi character folds consist
+                 * of either two or three characters.  That means we would be
+                 * splitting one if the final character in the node is at the
+                 * beginning of either type, or is the second of a three
+                 * character fold.
+                 *
+                 * At this point:
+                 *  ender     is the code point of the character that won't fit
+                 *            in the node
+                 *  s         points to just beyond the final byte in the node.
+                 *            It's where we would place ender if there were
+                 *            room, and where in fact we do place ender's fold
+                 *            in the code below, as we've over-allocated space
+                 *            for s0 (hence s) to allow for this
+                 *  e         starts at 's' and advances as we append things.
+                 *  old_s     is the same as 's'.  (If ender had fit, 's' would
+                 *            have been advanced to beyond it).
+                 *  old_old_s points to the beginning byte of the final
+                 *            character in the node
+                 *  p         points to the beginning byte in the input of the
+                 *            character beyond 'ender'.
+                 *  oldp      points to the beginning byte in the input of
+                 *            'ender'.
+                 *
+                 * In the case of /il, we haven't folded anything that could be
+                 * affected by the locale.  That means only above-Latin1
+                 * characters that fold to other above-latin1 characters get
+                 * folded at compile time.  To check where a good place to
+                 * split nodes is, everything in it will have to be folded.
+                 * The boolean 'maybe_exactfu' keeps track in /il if there are
+                 * any unfolded characters in the node. */
+                bool need_to_fold_loc = LOC && ! maybe_exactfu;
+
+                /* If we do need to fold the node, we need a place to store the
+                 * folded copy, and a way to map back to the unfolded original
+                 * */
+                char * locfold_buf;
+                Size_t * loc_correspondence;
+
+                if (! need_to_fold_loc) {   /* The normal case.  Just
+                                               initialize to the actual node */
+                    e = s;
+                    s_start = s0;
+                    s = old_old_s;  /* Point to the beginning of the final char
+                                       that fits in the node */
+                }
+                else {
+
+                    /* Here, we have filled a /il node, and there are unfolded
+                     * characters in it.  If the runtime locale turns out to be
+                     * UTF-8, there are possible multi-character folds, just
+                     * like when not under /l.  The node hence can't terminate
+                     * in the middle of such a fold.  To determine this, we
+                     * have to create a folded copy of this node.  That means
+                     * reparsing the node, folding everything assuming a UTF-8
+                     * locale.  (If at runtime it isn't such a locale, the
+                     * actions here wouldn't have been necessary, but we have
+                     * to assume the worst case.)  If we find we need to back
+                     * off the folded string, we do so, and then map that
+                     * position back to the original unfolded node, which then
+                     * gets output, truncated at that spot */
+
+                    char * redo_p = RExC_parse;
+                    char * redo_e;
+                    char * old_redo_e;
+
+                    /* Allow enough space assuming a single byte input folds to
+                     * a single byte output, plus assume that the two unparsed
+                     * characters (that we may need) fold to the largest number
+                     * of bytes possible, plus extra for one more worst case
+                     * scenario.  In the loop below, if we start eating into
+                     * that final spare space, we enlarge this initial space */
+                    Size_t size = max_string_len + (3 * UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE) + 1;
+
+                    Newxz(locfold_buf, size, char);
+                    Newxz(loc_correspondence, size, Size_t);
+
+                    /* Redo this node's parse, folding into 'locfold_buf' */
+                    redo_p = RExC_parse;
+                    redo_e = locfold_buf;
+                    while (redo_p <= oldp) {
+
+                        old_redo_e = redo_e;
+                        loc_correspondence[redo_e - locfold_buf]
+                                                        = redo_p - RExC_parse;
+
+                        if (UTF) {
+                            Size_t added_len;
+
+                            (void) _to_utf8_fold_flags((U8 *) redo_p,
+                                                       (U8 *) RExC_end,
+                                                       (U8 *) redo_e,
+                                                       &added_len,
+                                                       FOLD_FLAGS_FULL);
+                            redo_e += added_len;
+                            redo_p += UTF8SKIP(redo_p);
+                        }
+                        else {
+
+                            /* Note that if this code is run on some ancient
+                             * Unicode versions, SHARP S doesn't fold to 'ss',
+                             * but rather than clutter the code with #ifdef's,
+                             * as is done above, we ignore that possibility.
+                             * This is ok because this code doesn't affect what
+                             * gets matched, but merely where the node gets
+                             * split */
+                            if (UCHARAT(redo_p) != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
+                                *redo_e++ = toLOWER_L1(UCHARAT(redo_p));
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                *redo_e++ = 's';
+                                *redo_e++ = 's';
+                            }
+                            redo_p++;
+                        }
+
+
+                        /* If we're getting so close to the end that a
+                         * worst-case fold in the next character would cause us
+                         * to overflow, increase, assuming one byte output byte
+                         * per one byte input one, plus room for another worst
+                         * case fold */
+                        if (   redo_p <= oldp
+                            && redo_e > locfold_buf + size
+                                                    - (UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE + 1))
+                        {
+                            Size_t new_size = size
+                                            + (oldp - redo_p)
+                                            + UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE + 1;
+                            Ptrdiff_t e_offset = redo_e - locfold_buf;
+
+                            Renew(locfold_buf, new_size, char);
+                            Renew(loc_correspondence, new_size, Size_t);
+                            size = new_size;
+
+                            redo_e = locfold_buf + e_offset;
+                        }
                     }
 
-                    while (--s >= s0 && IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD(*s)) {
-                        backup_count++;
+                    /* Set so that things are in terms of the folded, temporary
+                     * string */
+                    s = old_redo_e;
+                    s_start = locfold_buf;
+                    e = redo_e;
+
+                }
+
+                /* Here, we have 's', 's_start' and 'e' set up to point to the
+                 * input that goes into the node, folded.
+                 *
+                 * If the final character of the node and the fold of ender
+                 * form the first two characters of a three character fold, we
+                 * need to peek ahead at the next (unparsed) character in the
+                 * input to determine if the three actually do form such a
+                 * fold.  Just looking at that character is not generally
+                 * sufficient, as it could be, for example, an escape sequence
+                 * that evaluates to something else, and it needs to be folded.
+                 *
+                 * khw originally thought to just go through the parse loop one
+                 * extra time, but that doesn't work easily as that iteration
+                 * could cause things to think that the parse is over and to
+                 * goto loopdone.  The character could be a '$' for example, or
+                 * the character beyond could be a quantifier, and other
+                 * glitches as well.
+                 *
+                 * The solution used here for peeking ahead is to look at that
+                 * next character.  If it isn't ASCII punctuation, then it will
+                 * be something that continues in an EXACTish node if there
+                 * were space.  We append the fold of it to s, having reserved
+                 * enough room in s0 for the purpose.  If we can't reasonably
+                 * peek ahead, we instead assume the worst case: that it is
+                 * something that would form the completion of a multi-char
+                 * fold.
+                 *
+                 * If we can't split between s and ender, we work backwards
+                 * character-by-character down to s0.  At each current point
+                 * see if we are at the beginning of a multi-char fold.  If so,
+                 * that means we would be splitting the fold across nodes, and
+                 * so we back up one and try again.
+                 *
+                 * If we're not at the beginning, we still could be at the
+                 * final two characters of a (rare) three character fold.  We
+                 * check if the sequence starting at the character before the
+                 * current position (and including the current and next
+                 * characters) is a three character fold.  If not, the node can
+                 * be split here.  If it is, we have to backup two characters
+                 * and try again.
+                 *
+                 * Otherwise, the node can be split at the current position.
+                 *
+                 * The same logic is used for UTF-8 patterns and not */
+                if (UTF) {
+                    Size_t added_len;
+
+                    /* Append the fold of ender */
+                    (void) _to_uni_fold_flags(
+                        ender,
+                        (U8 *) e,
+                        &added_len,
+                        FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                                        ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
+                                        : 0));
+                    e += added_len;
+
+                    /* 's' and the character folded to by ender may be the
+                     * first two of a three-character fold, in which case the
+                     * node should not be split here.  That may mean examining
+                     * the so-far unparsed character starting at 'p'.  But if
+                     * ender folded to more than one character, we already have
+                     * three characters to look at.  Also, we first check if
+                     * the sequence consisting of s and the next character form
+                     * the first two of some three character fold.  If not,
+                     * there's no need to peek ahead. */
+                    if (   added_len <= UTF8SKIP(e - added_len)
+                        && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_HEAD_utf8_safe(s, e)))
+                    {
+                        /* Here, the two do form the beginning of a potential
+                         * three character fold.  The unexamined character may
+                         * or may not complete it.  Peek at it.  It might be
+                         * something that ends the node or an escape sequence,
+                         * in which case we don't know without a lot of work
+                         * what it evaluates to, so we have to assume the worst
+                         * case: that it does complete the fold, and so we
+                         * can't split here.  All such instances  will have
+                         * that character be an ASCII punctuation character,
+                         * like a backslash.  So, for that case, backup one and
+                         * drop down to try at that position */
+                        if (isPUNCT(*p)) {
+                            s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1,
+                                       (U8 *) s_start);
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Here, since it's not punctuation, it must be a
+                             * real character, and we can append its fold to
+                             * 'e' (having deliberately reserved enough space
+                             * for this eventuality) and drop down to check if
+                             * the three actually do form a folded sequence */
+                            (void) _to_utf8_fold_flags(
+                                (U8 *) p, (U8 *) RExC_end,
+                                (U8 *) e,
+                                &added_len,
+                                FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                                                ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
+                                                : 0));
+                            e += added_len;
+                        }
                     }
-                    len = s - s0 + 1;
-               }
-                else {
 
-                    /* Point to the first byte of the final character */
-                    s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1, (U8 *) s0);
+                    /* Here, we either have three characters available in
+                     * sequence starting at 's', or we have two characters and
+                     * know that the following one can't possibly be part of a
+                     * three character fold.  We go through the node backwards
+                     * until we find a place where we can split it without
+                     * breaking apart a multi-character fold.  At any given
+                     * point we have to worry about if such a fold begins at
+                     * the current 's', and also if a three-character fold
+                     * begins at s-1, (containing s and s+1).  Splitting in
+                     * either case would break apart a fold */
+                    do {
+                        char *prev_s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1,
+                                                            (U8 *) s_start);
+
+                        /* If is a multi-char fold, can't split here.  Backup
+                         * one char and try again */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_utf8_safe(s, e))) {
+                            s = prev_s;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                    while (s >= s0) {   /* Search backwards until find
-                                           a non-problematic char */
-                        if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
+                        /* If the two characters beginning at 's' are part of a
+                         * three character fold starting at the character
+                         * before s, we can't split either before or after s.
+                         * Backup two chars and try again */
+                        if (   LIKELY(s > s_start)
+                            && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_utf8_safe(prev_s, e)))
+                        {
+                            s = prev_s;
+                            s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1, (U8 *) s_start);
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                            /* There are no ascii characters that participate
-                             * in multi-char folds under /aa.  In EBCDIC, the
-                             * non-ascii invariants are all control characters,
-                             * so don't ever participate in any folds. */
-                            if (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED
-                                || ! IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD(*s))
-                            {
-                                break;
-                            }
+                        /* Here there's no multi-char fold between s and the
+                         * next character following it.  We can split */
+                        splittable = TRUE;
+                        break;
+
+                    } while (s > s_start); /* End of loops backing up through the node */
+
+                    /* Here we either couldn't find a place to split the node,
+                     * or else we broke out of the loop setting 'splittable' to
+                     * true.  In the latter case, the place to split is between
+                     * the first and second characters in the sequence starting
+                     * at 's' */
+                    if (splittable) {
+                        s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+                    }
+                }
+                else {  /* Pattern not UTF-8 */
+                    if (   ender != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
+                        || ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                    {
+                        *e++ = toLOWER_L1(ender);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        *e++ = 's';
+                        *e++ = 's';
+                    }
+
+                    if (   e - s  <= 1
+                        && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_HEAD_latin1_safe(s, e)))
+                    {
+                        if (isPUNCT(*p)) {
+                            s--;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
                         }
-                        else if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*s)) {
-                            if (! IS_NON_FINAL_FOLD(EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(
-                                                                  *s, *(s+1))))
+                        else {
+                            if (   UCHARAT(p) != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
+                                || ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                             {
-                                break;
+                                *e++ = toLOWER_L1(ender);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                *e++ = 's';
+                                *e++ = 's';
                             }
                         }
-                        else if (! _invlist_contains_cp(
-                                        PL_NonFinalFold,
-                                        valid_utf8_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, NULL)))
+                    }
+
+                    do {
+                        if (UNLIKELY(is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_latin1_safe(s, e))) {
+                            s--;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (   LIKELY(s > s_start)
+                            && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_latin1_safe(s - 1, e)))
                         {
-                            break;
+                            s -= 2;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
                         }
 
-                        /* Here, the current character is problematic in that
-                         * it does occur in the non-final position of some
-                         * fold, so try the character before it, but have to
-                         * special case the very first byte in the string, so
-                         * we don't read outside the string */
-                        s = (s == s0) ? s -1 : (char *) utf8_hop((U8 *) s, -1);
-                        backup_count++;
-                    } /* End of loop backwards through the string */
-
-                    /* If there were only problematic characters in the string,
-                     * <s> will point to before s0, in which case the length
-                     * should be 0, otherwise include the length of the
-                     * non-problematic character just found */
-                    len = (s < s0) ? 0 : s - s0 + UTF8SKIP(s);
-               }
+                        splittable = TRUE;
+                        break;
 
-                /* Here, have found the final character, if any, that is
-                 * non-problematic as far as ending the node without splitting
-                 * it across a potential multi-char fold.  <len> contains the
-                 * number of bytes in the node up-to and including that
-                 * character, or is 0 if there is no such character, meaning
-                 * the whole node contains only problematic characters.  In
-                 * this case, give up and just take the node as-is.  We can't
-                 * do any better */
-                if (len == 0) {
-                    len = full_len;
+                    } while (s > s_start);
 
-                } else {
-
-                    /* Here, the node does contain some characters that aren't
-                     * problematic.  If we didn't have to backup any, then the
-                     * final character in the node is non-problematic, and we
-                     * can take the node as-is */
-                    if (backup_count == 0) {
-                        goto loopdone;
+                    if (splittable) {
+                        s++;
                     }
-                    else if (backup_count == 1) {
+                }
 
-                        /* If the final character is problematic, but the
-                         * penultimate is not, back-off that last character to
-                         * later start a new node with it */
-                        p = oldp;
-                        goto loopdone;
+                /* Here, we are done backing up.  If we didn't backup at all
+                 * (the likely case), just proceed */
+                if (backed_up) {
+
+                   /* If we did find a place to split, reparse the entire node
+                    * stopping where we have calculated. */
+                    if (splittable) {
+
+                       /* If we created a temporary folded string under /l, we
+                        * have to map that back to the original */
+                        if (need_to_fold_loc) {
+                            upper_fill = loc_correspondence[s - s_start];
+                            Safefree(locfold_buf);
+                            Safefree(loc_correspondence);
+
+                            if (upper_fill == 0) {
+                                FAIL2("panic: loc_correspondence[%d] is 0",
+                                      (int) (s - s_start));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            upper_fill = s - s0;
+                        }
+                        goto reparse;
+                    }
+                    else if (need_to_fold_loc) {
+                        Safefree(locfold_buf);
+                        Safefree(loc_correspondence);
                     }
 
-                    /* Here, the final non-problematic character is earlier
-                     * in the input than the penultimate character.  What we do
-                     * is reparse from the beginning, going up only as far as
-                     * this final ok one, thus guaranteeing that the node ends
-                     * in an acceptable character.  The reason we reparse is
-                     * that we know how far in the character is, but we don't
-                     * know how to correlate its position with the input parse.
-                     * An alternate implementation would be to build that
-                     * correlation as we go along during the original parse,
-                     * but that would entail extra work for every node, whereas
-                     * this code gets executed only when the string is too
-                     * large for the node, and the final two characters are
-                     * problematic, an infrequent occurrence.  Yet another
-                     * possible strategy would be to save the tail of the
-                     * string, and the next time regatom is called, initialize
-                     * with that.  The problem with this is that unless you
-                     * back off one more character, you won't be guaranteed
-                     * regatom will get called again, unless regbranch,
-                     * regpiece ... are also changed.  If you do back off that
-                     * extra character, so that there is input guaranteed to
-                     * force calling regatom, you can't handle the case where
-                     * just the first character in the node is acceptable.  I
-                     * (khw) decided to try this method which doesn't have that
-                     * pitfall; if performance issues are found, we can do a
-                     * combination of the current approach plus that one */
-                    upper_parse = len;
-                    len = 0;
-                    s = s0;
-                    goto reparse;
+                    /* Here the node consists entirely of non-final multi-char
+                     * folds.  (Likely it is all 'f's or all 's's.)  There's no
+                     * decent place to split it, so give up and just take the
+                     * whole thing */
+                    len = old_s - s0;
                 }
            }   /* End of verifying node ends with an appropriate char */
 
+            /* We need to start the next node at the character that didn't fit
+             * in this one */
+            p = oldp;
+
           loopdone:   /* Jumped to when encounters something that shouldn't be
                          in the node */
 
             /* Free up any over-allocated space; cast is to silence bogus
              * warning in MS VC */
             change_engine_size(pRExC_state,
-                                - (Ptrdiff_t) (initial_size - STR_SZ(len)));
+                        - (Ptrdiff_t) (current_string_nodes - STR_SZ(len)));
 
             /* I (khw) don't know if you can get here with zero length, but the
              * old code handled this situation by creating a zero-length EXACT
@@ -14699,15 +15002,21 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             else {
 
                 /* If the node type is EXACT here, check to see if it
-                 * should be EXACTL, or EXACT_ONLY8. */
+                 * should be EXACTL, or EXACT_REQ8. */
                 if (node_type == EXACT) {
                     if (LOC) {
                         node_type = EXACTL;
                     }
                     else if (requires_utf8_target) {
-                        node_type = EXACT_ONLY8;
+                        node_type = EXACT_REQ8;
                     }
-                } else if (FOLD) {
+                }
+                else if (node_type == LEXACT) {
+                    if (requires_utf8_target) {
+                        node_type = LEXACT_REQ8;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (FOLD) {
                     if (    UNLIKELY(has_micro_sign || has_ss)
                         && (node_type == EXACTFU || (   node_type == EXACTF
                                                      && maybe_exactfu)))
@@ -14724,9 +15033,29 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         if (maybe_exactfu) {
                             node_type = EXACTFLU8;
                         }
+                        else if (UNLIKELY(
+                             _invlist_contains_cp(PL_HasMultiCharFold, ender)))
+                        {
+                            /* A character that folds to more than one will
+                             * match multiple characters, so can't be SIMPLE.
+                             * We don't have to worry about this with EXACTFLU8
+                             * nodes just above, as they have already been
+                             * folded (since the fold doesn't vary at run
+                             * time).  Here, if the final character in the node
+                             * folds to multiple, it can't be simple.  (This
+                             * only has an effect if the node has only a single
+                             * character, hence the final one, as elsewhere we
+                             * turn off simple for nodes whose length > 1 */
+                            maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
+                        }
                     }
                     else if (node_type == EXACTF) {  /* Means is /di */
 
+                        /* This intermediate variable is needed solely because
+                         * the asserts in the macro where used exceed Win32's
+                         * literal string capacity */
+                        char first_char = * STRING(REGNODE_p(ret));
+
                         /* If 'maybe_exactfu' is clear, then we need to stay
                          * /di.  If it is set, it means there are no code
                          * points that match differently depending on UTF8ness
@@ -14735,7 +15064,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         if (! maybe_exactfu) {
                             RExC_seen_d_op = TRUE;
                         }
-                        else if (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(* STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)), 's')
+                        else if (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(first_char, 's')
                                  || isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's'))
                         {
                             /* But, if the node begins or ends in an 's' we
@@ -14755,16 +15084,16 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     }
 
                     if (requires_utf8_target && node_type == EXACTFU) {
-                        node_type = EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+                        node_type = EXACTFU_REQ8;
                     }
                 }
 
                 OP(REGNODE_p(ret)) = node_type;
-                STR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret)) = len;
+                setSTR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret), len);
                 RExC_emit += STR_SZ(len);
 
                 /* If the node isn't a single character, it can't be SIMPLE */
-                if (len > (Size_t) ((UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender) : 1)) {
+                if (len > (Size_t) ((UTF) ? UTF8SKIP(STRING(REGNODE_p(ret))) : 1)) {
                     maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
                 }
 
@@ -14816,7 +15145,7 @@ S_populate_ANYOF_from_invlist(pTHX_ regnode *node, SV** invlist_ptr)
     assert(PL_regkind[OP(node)] == ANYOF);
 
     /* There is no bitmap for this node type */
-    if (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+    if (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -15934,8 +16263,11 @@ redo_curchar:
 
                     /* Recurse, with the meat of the embedded expression */
                     RExC_parse++;
-                    (void) handle_regex_sets(pRExC_state, &current, flagp,
-                                                    depth+1, oregcomp_parse);
+                    if (! handle_regex_sets(pRExC_state, &current, flagp,
+                                                    depth+1, oregcomp_parse))
+                    {
+                        RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
+                    }
 
                     /* Here, 'current' contains the embedded expression's
                      * inversion list, and RExC_parse points to the trailing
@@ -15989,6 +16321,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                               FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                               &current))
                 {
+                    RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
                     goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
@@ -16025,6 +16358,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                                 FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                                 &current))
                 {
+                    RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
                     goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
@@ -16371,7 +16705,11 @@ redo_curchar:
                              well have generated non-portable code points, but
                              they're valid on this machine */
                     FALSE, /* similarly, no need for strict */
-                    FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
+
+                    /* We can optimize into something besides an ANYOF, except
+                     * under /l, which needs to be ANYOF because of runtime
+                     * checks for locale sanity, etc */
+                  ! in_locale,
                     NULL
                 );
 
@@ -16385,8 +16723,10 @@ redo_curchar:
         RExC_flags |= RXf_PMf_FOLD;
     }
 
-    if (!node)
+    if (!node) {
+        RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
         goto regclass_failed;
+    }
 
     /* Fix up the node type if we are in locale.  (We have pretended we are
      * under /u for the purposes of regclass(), as this construct will only
@@ -16598,6 +16938,22 @@ S_output_posix_warnings(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, AV* posix_warnings)
     UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(RExC_parse);
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE Size_t
+S_find_first_differing_byte_pos(const U8 * s1, const U8 * s2, const Size_t max)
+{
+    const U8 * const start = s1;
+    const U8 * const send = start + max;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_FIRST_DIFFERING_BYTE_POS;
+
+    while (s1 < send && *s1  == *s2) {
+        s1++; s2++;
+    }
+
+    return s1 - start;
+}
+
+
 STATIC AV *
 S_add_multi_match(pTHX_ AV* multi_char_matches, SV* multi_string, const STRLEN cp_count)
 {
@@ -18123,6 +18479,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                 /* Likewise for 'posixes' */
                 _invlist_union(posixes, cp_list, &cp_list);
+                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
 
                 /* Likewise for anything else in the range that matched only
                  * under UTF-8 */
@@ -18270,14 +18627,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                  |= ANYOFL_FOLD
                  |  ANYOFL_SHARED_UTF8_LOCALE_fold_HAS_MATCHES_nonfold_REQD;
         }
-        else if (cp_list) { /* Look to see if a 0-255 code point is in list */
-            UV start, end;
-            invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
-            if (invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end) && start < 256) {
-                anyof_flags |= ANYOFL_FOLD;
-                has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
-            }
-            invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
+        else if (cp_list && invlist_lowest(cp_list) < 256) {
+            /* If nothing is below 256, has no locale dependency; otherwise it
+             * does */
+            anyof_flags |= ANYOFL_FOLD;
+            has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
         }
     }
     else if (   DEPENDS_SEMANTICS
@@ -18322,9 +18676,10 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
     if (optimizable) {
         PERL_UINT_FAST8_T i;
-        Size_t partial_cp_count = 0;
+        UV partial_cp_count = 0;
         UV start[MAX_FOLD_FROMS+1] = { 0 }; /* +1 for the folded-to char */
         UV   end[MAX_FOLD_FROMS+1] = { 0 };
+        bool single_range = FALSE;
 
         if (cp_list) { /* Count the code points in enough ranges that we would
                           see all the ones possible in any fold in this version
@@ -18338,6 +18693,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                 partial_cp_count += end[i] - start[i] + 1;
             }
 
+            if (i == 1) {
+                single_range = TRUE;
+            }
             invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
         }
 
@@ -18373,6 +18731,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                     goto not_anyof;
                 }
             }
+
             /* For well-behaved locales, some classes are subsets of others,
              * so complementing the subset and including the non-complemented
              * superset should match everything, like [\D[:alnum:]], and
@@ -18477,7 +18836,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
         /* Next see if can optimize classes that contain just a few code points
          * into an EXACTish node.  The reason to do this is to let the
-         * optimizer join this node with adjacent EXACTish ones.
+         * optimizer join this node with adjacent EXACTish ones, and ANYOF
+         * nodes require conversion to code point from UTF-8.
          *
          * An EXACTFish node can be generated even if not under /i, and vice
          * versa.  But care must be taken.  An EXACTFish node has to be such
@@ -18496,21 +18856,13 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
          * participates in no fold whatsoever, and having it EXACT tells the
          * optimizer the target string cannot match unless it has a colon in
          * it.
-         *
-         * We don't typically generate an EXACTish node if doing so would
-         * require changing the pattern to UTF-8, as that affects /d and
-         * otherwise is slower.  However, under /i, not changing to UTF-8 can
-         * miss some potential multi-character folds.  We calculate the
-         * EXACTish node, and then decide if something would be missed if we
-         * don't upgrade */
+         */
         if (   ! posixl
             && ! invert
 
                 /* Only try if there are no more code points in the class than
                  * in the max possible fold */
-            &&   partial_cp_count > 0 && partial_cp_count <= MAX_FOLD_FROMS + 1
-
-            && (start[0] < 256 || UTF || FOLD))
+            &&   partial_cp_count > 0 && partial_cp_count <= MAX_FOLD_FROMS + 1)
         {
             if (partial_cp_count == 1 && ! upper_latin1_only_utf8_matches)
             {
@@ -18519,13 +18871,23 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                 if (LOC) {
 
-                    /* Here is /l:  Use EXACTL, except /li indicates EXACTFL,
-                     * as that means there is a fold not known until runtime so
-                     * shows as only a single code point here. */
-                    op = (FOLD) ? EXACTFL : EXACTL;
+                    /* Here is /l:  Use EXACTL, except if there is a fold not
+                     * known until runtime so shows as only a single code point
+                     * here.  For code points above 255, we know which can
+                     * cause problems by having a potential fold to the Latin1
+                     * range. */
+                    if (  ! FOLD
+                        || (     start[0] > 255
+                            && ! is_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE_FOLD_cp(start[0])))
+                    {
+                        op = EXACTL;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        op = EXACTFL;
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (! FOLD) { /* Not /l and not /i */
-                    op = (start[0] < 256) ? EXACT : EXACT_ONLY8;
+                    op = (start[0] < 256) ? EXACT : EXACT_REQ8;
                 }
                 else if (start[0] < 256) { /* /i, not /l, and the code point is
                                               small */
@@ -18555,8 +18917,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                            applies to it */
                     op = _invlist_contains_cp(PL_InMultiCharFold,
                                               start[0])
-                         ? EXACTFU_ONLY8
-                         : EXACT_ONLY8;
+                         ? EXACTFU_REQ8
+                         : EXACT_REQ8;
                 }
 
                 value = start[0];
@@ -18720,7 +19082,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                                      ? EXACTFLU8
                                      : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                        ? EXACTFAA
-                                       : EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+                                       : EXACTFU_REQ8;
                                 value = folded;
                             }
                         }   /* Below, the lowest code point < 256 */
@@ -18772,45 +19134,43 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             }
 
             if (op != END) {
+                U8 len;
 
-                /* Here, we have calculated what EXACTish node we would use.
-                 * But we don't use it if it would require converting the
-                 * pattern to UTF-8, unless not using it could cause us to miss
-                 * some folds (hence be buggy) */
-
-                if (! UTF && value > 255) {
-                    SV * in_multis = NULL;
-
-                    assert(FOLD);
-
-                    /* If there is no code point that is part of a multi-char
-                     * fold, then there aren't any matches, so we don't do this
-                     * optimization.  Otherwise, it could match depending on
-                     * the context around us, so we do upgrade */
-                    _invlist_intersection(PL_InMultiCharFold, cp_list, &in_multis);
-                    if (UNLIKELY(_invlist_len(in_multis) != 0)) {
+                /* Here, we have calculated what EXACTish node to use.  Have to
+                 * convert to UTF-8 if not already there */
+                if (value > 255) {
+                    if (! UTF) {
+                        SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
                         REQUIRE_UTF8(flagp);
                     }
-                    else {
-                        op = END;
+
+                    /* This is a kludge to the special casing issues with this
+                     * ligature under /aa.  FB05 should fold to FB06, but the
+                     * call above to _to_uni_fold_flags() didn't find this, as
+                     * it didn't use the /aa restriction in order to not miss
+                     * other folds that would be affected.  This is the only
+                     * instance likely to ever be a problem in all of Unicode.
+                     * So special case it. */
+                    if (   value == LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_LONG_S_T
+                        && ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                    {
+                        value = LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_ST;
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (op != END) {
-                    U8 len = (UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(value) : 1;
+                len = (UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(value) : 1;
 
-                    ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op, len, "exact");
-                    FILL_NODE(ret, op);
-                    RExC_emit += 1 + STR_SZ(len);
-                    STR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret)) = len;
-                    if (len == 1) {
-                        *STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)) = (U8) value;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)), value);
-                    }
-                    goto not_anyof;
+                ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op, len, "exact");
+                FILL_NODE(ret, op);
+                RExC_emit += 1 + STR_SZ(len);
+                setSTR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret), len);
+                if (len == 1) {
+                    *STRINGs(REGNODE_p(ret)) = (U8) value;
+                }
+                else {
+                    uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) STRINGs(REGNODE_p(ret)), value);
                 }
+                goto not_anyof;
             }
         }
 
@@ -18853,7 +19213,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
             if (invlist_highest(cp_list) <= max_permissible) {
                 UV this_start, this_end;
-                UV lowest_cp = UV_MAX;  /* inited to suppress compiler warn */
+                UV lowest_cp = UV_MAX;  /* init'ed to suppress compiler warn */
                 U8 bits_differing = 0;
                 Size_t full_cp_count = 0;
                 bool first_time = TRUE;
@@ -18890,7 +19250,6 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                     full_cp_count += this_end - this_start + 1;
                 }
-                invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
 
                 /* At the end of the loop, we count how many bits differ from
                  * the bits in lowest code point, call the count 'd'.  If the
@@ -18919,8 +19278,10 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                     ret = reganode(pRExC_state, op, lowest_cp);
                     FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = ANYOFM_mask;
                 }
+
+              done_anyofm:
+                invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
             }
-          done_anyofm:
 
             if (inverted) {
                 _invlist_invert(cp_list);
@@ -18929,6 +19290,13 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             if (op != END) {
                 goto not_anyof;
             }
+
+            /* XXX We could create an ANYOFR_LOW node here if we saved above if
+             * all were invariants, it wasn't inverted, and there is a single
+             * range.  This would be faster than some of the posix nodes we
+             * create below like /\d/a, but would be twice the size.  Without
+             * having actually measured the gain, khw doesn't think the
+             * tradeoff is really worth it */
         }
 
         if (! (anyof_flags & ANYOF_LOCALE_FLAGS)) {
@@ -19045,6 +19413,52 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             SvREFCNT_dec(intersection);
         }
 
+        /* If it is a single contiguous range, ANYOFR is an efficient regnode,
+         * both in size and speed.  Currently, a 20 bit range base (smallest
+         * code point in the range), and a 12 bit maximum delta are packed into
+         * a 32 bit word.  This allows for using it on all of the Unicode code
+         * points except for the highest plane, which is only for private use
+         * code points.  khw doubts that a bigger delta is likely in real world
+         * applications */
+        if (     single_range
+            && ! has_runtime_dependency
+            &&   anyof_flags == 0
+            &&   start[0] < (1 << ANYOFR_BASE_BITS)
+            &&   end[0] - start[0]
+                    < ((1U << (sizeof(((struct regnode_1 *)NULL)->arg1)
+                                   * CHARBITS - ANYOFR_BASE_BITS))))
+
+        {
+            U8 low_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+            U8 high_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+
+            ret = reganode(pRExC_state, ANYOFR,
+                        (start[0] | (end[0] - start[0]) << ANYOFR_BASE_BITS));
+
+            /* Place the lowest UTF-8 start byte in the flags field, so as to
+             * allow efficient ruling out at run time of many possible inputs.
+             * */
+            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, start[0]);
+            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, end[0]);
+
+            /* If all code points share the same first byte, this can be an
+             * ANYOFRb.  Otherwise store the lowest UTF-8 start byte which can
+             * quickly rule out many inputs at run-time without having to
+             * compute the code point from UTF-8.  For EBCDIC, we use I8, as
+             * not doing that transformation would not rule out nearly so many
+             * things */
+            if (low_utf8[0] == high_utf8[0]) {
+                OP(REGNODE_p(ret)) = ANYOFRb;
+                ANYOF_FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = low_utf8[0];
+            }
+            else {
+                ANYOF_FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret))
+                                    = NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(low_utf8[0]);
+            }
+
+            goto not_anyof;
+        }
+
         /* If didn't find an optimization and there is no need for a bitmap,
          * optimize to indicate that */
         if (     start[0] >= NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS
@@ -19055,38 +19469,63 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             U8 low_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
             UV highest_cp = invlist_highest(cp_list);
 
-            op = ANYOFH;
-
             /* Currently the maximum allowed code point by the system is
              * IV_MAX.  Higher ones are reserved for future internal use.  This
              * particular regnode can be used for higher ones, but we can't
              * calculate the code point of those.  IV_MAX suffices though, as
              * it will be a large first byte */
-            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, MIN(start[0], IV_MAX));
+            Size_t low_len = uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, MIN(start[0], IV_MAX))
+                           - low_utf8;
 
             /* We store the lowest possible first byte of the UTF-8
              * representation, using the flags field.  This allows for quick
              * ruling out of some inputs without having to convert from UTF-8
-             * to code point.  For EBCDIC, this has to be I8. */
+             * to code point.  For EBCDIC, we use I8, as not doing that
+             * transformation would not rule out nearly so many things */
             anyof_flags = NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(low_utf8[0]);
 
+            op = ANYOFH;
+
             /* If the first UTF-8 start byte for the highest code point in the
              * range is suitably small, we may be able to get an upper bound as
              * well */
             if (highest_cp <= IV_MAX) {
                 U8 high_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
-
-                (void) uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, highest_cp);
+                Size_t high_len = uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, highest_cp)
+                                - high_utf8;
 
                 /* If the lowest and highest are the same, we can get an exact
-                 * first byte instead of a just minimum.  We signal this with a
-                 * different regnode */
+                 * first byte instead of a just minimum or even a sequence of
+                 * exact leading bytes.  We signal these with different
+                 * regnodes */
                 if (low_utf8[0] == high_utf8[0]) {
+                    Size_t len = find_first_differing_byte_pos(low_utf8,
+                                                               high_utf8,
+                                                       MIN(low_len, high_len));
+
+                    if (len == 1) {
 
-                    /* No need to convert to I8 for EBCDIC as this is an exact
-                     * match */
-                    anyof_flags = low_utf8[0];
-                    op = ANYOFHb;
+                        /* No need to convert to I8 for EBCDIC as this is an
+                         * exact match */
+                        anyof_flags = low_utf8[0];
+                        op = ANYOFHb;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        op = ANYOFHs;
+                        ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op,
+                                           regarglen[op] + STR_SZ(len),
+                                           "anyofhs");
+                        FILL_NODE(ret, op);
+                        ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) REGNODE_p(ret))->str_len
+                                                                        = len;
+                        Copy(low_utf8,  /* Add the common bytes */
+                           ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) REGNODE_p(ret))->string,
+                           len, U8);
+                        RExC_emit += NODE_SZ_STR(REGNODE_p(ret));
+                        set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, REGNODE_p(ret), cp_list,
+                                                  NULL, only_utf8_locale_list);
+                        goto not_anyof;
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(high_utf8[0]) <= MAX_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE)
                 {
@@ -19172,8 +19611,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
     set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, REGNODE_p(ret), cp_list,
                   (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
-                   ? listsv : NULL,
+                   ? listsv
+                   : NULL,
                   only_utf8_locale_list);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
+    SvREFCNT_dec(only_utf8_locale_list);
     return ret;
 
   not_anyof:
@@ -19184,6 +19626,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
     Set_Node_Offset_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), orig_parse - RExC_start,
                                            RExC_parse - orig_parse);;
     SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
+    SvREFCNT_dec(only_utf8_locale_list);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -19224,11 +19667,12 @@ S_set_ANYOF_arg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t* const pRExC_state,
        SV *rv;
 
         if (cp_list) {
-            av_store(av, INVLIST_INDEX, cp_list);
+            av_store(av, INVLIST_INDEX, SvREFCNT_inc(cp_list));
         }
 
         if (only_utf8_locale_list) {
-            av_store(av, ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX, only_utf8_locale_list);
+            av_store(av, ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX,
+                                          SvREFCNT_inc(only_utf8_locale_list));
         }
 
         if (runtime_defns) {
@@ -19606,8 +20050,9 @@ S_nextchar(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 STATIC void
 S_change_engine_size(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const Ptrdiff_t size)
 {
-    /* 'size' is the delta to add or subtract from the current memory allocated
-     * to the regex engine being constructed */
+    /* 'size' is the delta number of smallest regnode equivalents to add or
+     * subtract from the current memory allocated to the regex engine being
+     * constructed. */
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CHANGE_ENGINE_SIZE;
 
@@ -19639,8 +20084,8 @@ S_change_engine_size(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const Ptrdiff_t size)
 STATIC regnode_offset
 S_regnode_guts(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const U8 op, const STRLEN extra_size, const char* const name)
 {
-    /* Allocate a regnode for 'op', with 'extra_size' extra space.  It aligns
-     * and increments RExC_size and RExC_emit
+    /* Allocate a regnode for 'op', with 'extra_size' extra (smallest) regnode
+     * equivalents space.  It aligns and increments RExC_size
      *
      * It returns the regnode's offset into the regex engine program */
 
@@ -19881,14 +20326,15 @@ S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * pRExC_state,
         scan = REGNODE_OFFSET(temp);
     }
 
+    assert(val >= scan);
     if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(REGNODE_p(scan))]) {
         assert((UV) (val - scan) <= U32_MAX);
         ARG_SET(REGNODE_p(scan), val - scan);
     }
     else {
         if (val - scan > U16_MAX) {
-            /* Since not all callers check the return value, populate this with
-             * something that won't loop and will likely lead to a crash if
+            /* Populate this with something that won't loop and will likely
+             * lead to a crash if the caller ignores the failure return, and
              * execution continues */
             NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = U16_MAX;
             return FALSE;
@@ -19949,15 +20395,17 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
 #endif
         if ( exact ) {
             switch (OP(REGNODE_p(scan))) {
+                case LEXACT:
                 case EXACT:
-                case EXACT_ONLY8:
+                case LEXACT_REQ8:
+                case EXACT_REQ8:
                 case EXACTL:
                 case EXACTF:
                 case EXACTFU_S_EDGE:
                 case EXACTFAA_NO_TRIE:
                 case EXACTFAA:
                 case EXACTFU:
-                case EXACTFU_ONLY8:
+                case EXACTFU_REQ8:
                 case EXACTFLU8:
                 case EXACTFUP:
                 case EXACTFL:
@@ -19999,6 +20447,9 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
     }
     else {
         if (val - scan > U16_MAX) {
+            /* Populate this with something that won't loop and will likely
+             * lead to a crash if the caller ignores the failure return, and
+             * execution continues */
             NEXT_OFF(REGNODE_p(scan)) = U16_MAX;
             return FALSE;
         }
@@ -20276,11 +20727,16 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
 
     SvPVCLEAR(sv);
 
-    if (OP(o) > REGNODE_MAX)           /* regnode.type is unsigned */
-       /* It would be nice to FAIL() here, but this may be called from
-          regexec.c, and it would be hard to supply pRExC_state. */
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d",
-                                              (int)OP(o), (int)REGNODE_MAX);
+    if (OP(o) > REGNODE_MAX) {          /* regnode.type is unsigned */
+        if (pRExC_state) {  /* This gives more info, if we have it */
+            FAIL3("panic: corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d",
+                  (int)OP(o), (int)REGNODE_MAX);
+        }
+        else {
+            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d",
+                             (int)OP(o), (int)REGNODE_MAX);
+        }
+    }
     sv_catpv(sv, PL_reg_name[OP(o)]); /* Take off const! */
 
     k = PL_regkind[OP(o)];
@@ -20334,6 +20790,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
+                                                0,
                                                 FALSE
                                                );
             sv_catpvs(sv, "]");
@@ -20416,10 +20873,10 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
     else if (k == LOGICAL)
         /* 2: embedded, otherwise 1 */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags);
-    else if (k == ANYOF) {
-       const U8 flags = inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
-                          ? 0
-                          : ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+    else if (k == ANYOF || k == ANYOFR) {
+        U8 flags;
+        char * bitmap;
+        U32 arg;
         bool do_sep = FALSE;    /* Do we need to separate various components of
                                    the output? */
         /* Set if there is still an unresolved user-defined property */
@@ -20434,7 +20891,18 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* And things that aren't in the bitmap, but are small enough to be */
         SV* bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap = NULL;
 
-        const bool inverted = flags & ANYOF_INVERT;
+        bool inverted;
+
+        if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
+            flags = 0;
+            bitmap = NULL;
+            arg = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+            bitmap = ANYOF_BITMAP(o);
+            arg = ARG(o);
+        }
 
        if (OP(o) == ANYOFL || OP(o) == ANYOFPOSIXL) {
             if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(flags)) {
@@ -20445,17 +20913,27 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
             }
         }
 
+        inverted = flags & ANYOF_INVERT;
+
         /* If there is stuff outside the bitmap, get it */
-        if (ARG(o) != ANYOF_ONLY_HAS_BITMAP) {
-            (void) _get_regclass_nonbitmap_data(prog, o, FALSE,
+        if (arg != ANYOF_ONLY_HAS_BITMAP) {
+            if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb)) {
+                nonbitmap_invlist = _add_range_to_invlist(nonbitmap_invlist,
+                                            ANYOFRbase(o),
+                                            ANYOFRbase(o) + ANYOFRdelta(o));
+            }
+            else {
+                (void) _get_regclass_nonbitmap_data(prog, o, FALSE,
                                                 &unresolved,
                                                 &only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                                 &nonbitmap_invlist);
+            }
+
             /* The non-bitmap data may contain stuff that could fit in the
              * bitmap.  This could come from a user-defined property being
              * finally resolved when this call was done; or much more likely
              * because there are matches that require UTF-8 to be valid, and so
-             * aren't in the bitmap.  This is teased apart later */
+             * aren't in the bitmap (or ANYOFR).  This is teased apart later */
             _invlist_intersection(nonbitmap_invlist,
                                   PL_InBitmap,
                                   &bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap);
@@ -20475,19 +20953,26 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* Ready to start outputting.  First, the initial left bracket */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%s", PL_colors[0]);
 
-        if (! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+        /* ANYOFH by definition doesn't have anything that will fit inside the
+         * bitmap;  ANYOFR may or may not. */
+        if (  ! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+            && (   ! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb)
+                ||   ANYOFRbase(o) < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS))
+        {
             /* Then all the things that could fit in the bitmap */
             do_sep = put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv,
-                                                  ANYOF_BITMAP(o),
+                                                  bitmap,
                                                   bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap,
                                                   only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                                   o,
+                                                  flags,
 
                                                   /* Can't try inverting for a
                                                    * better display if there
                                                    * are things that haven't
                                                    * been resolved */
-                                                  unresolved != NULL);
+                                                  unresolved != NULL
+                                            || inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb));
             SvREFCNT_dec(bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap);
 
             /* If there are user-defined properties which haven't been defined
@@ -20573,15 +21058,18 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* And finally the matching, closing ']' */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
 
-        if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+        if (OP(o) == ANYOFHs) {
+            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " (Leading UTF-8 bytes=%s", _byte_dump_string((U8 *) ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) o)->string, FLAGS(o), 1));
+        }
+        else if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
             U8 lowest = (OP(o) != ANYOFHr)
                          ? FLAGS(o)
                          : LOWEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o));
-            U8 highest = (OP(o) == ANYOFHb)
-                         ? lowest
-                         : OP(o) == ANYOFH
+            U8 highest = (OP(o) == ANYOFHr)
+                         ? HIGHEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o))
+                         : (OP(o) == ANYOFH || OP(o) == ANYOFR)
                            ? 0xFF
-                           : HIGHEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o));
+                           : lowest;
             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " (First UTF-8 byte=%02X", lowest);
             if (lowest != highest) {
                 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "-%02X", highest);
@@ -20599,7 +21087,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
             _invlist_invert(cp_list);
         }
 
-        put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv, NULL, cp_list, NULL, NULL, TRUE);
+        put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv, NULL, cp_list, NULL, NULL, 0, TRUE);
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
 
         SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
@@ -21517,9 +22005,14 @@ S_put_range(pTHX_ SV *sv, UV start, const UV end, const bool allow_literals)
 
         /* As a final resort, output the range or subrange as hex. */
 
-        this_end = (end < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS)
-                    ? end
-                    : NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS - 1;
+        if (start >= NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS) {
+            this_end = end;
+        }
+        else {  /* Have to split range at the bitmap boundary */
+            this_end = (end < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS)
+                        ? end
+                        : NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS - 1;
+        }
 #if NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS > 256
         format = (this_end < 256)
                  ? "\\x%02" UVXf "-\\x%02" UVXf
@@ -21675,6 +22168,7 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
                                      SV *nonbitmap_invlist,
                                      SV *only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                      const regnode * const node,
+                                     const U8 flags,
                                      const bool force_as_is_display)
 {
     /* Appends to 'sv' a displayable version of the innards of the bracketed
@@ -21691,6 +22185,7 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
      *  'node' is the regex pattern ANYOF node.  It is needed only when the
      *      above two parameters are not null, and is passed so that this
      *      routine can tease apart the various reasons for them.
+     *  'flags' is the flags field of 'node'
      *  'force_as_is_display' is TRUE if this routine should definitely NOT try
      *      to invert things to see if that leads to a cleaner display.  If
      *      FALSE, this routine is free to use its judgment about doing this.
@@ -21729,8 +22224,6 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
                                literally */
     SV* inverted_display;   /* The output string when we invert the inputs */
 
-    U8 flags = (node) ? ANYOF_FLAGS(node) : 0;
-
     bool invert = cBOOL(flags & ANYOF_INVERT);  /* Is the input to be inverted
                                                    to match? */
     /* We are biased in favor of displaying things without them being inverted,
@@ -22076,7 +22569,7 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ const regexp *r, const regnode *start, const regnode *node,
        else if ( op == PLUS || op == STAR) {
            DUMPUNTIL(NEXTOPER(node), NEXTOPER(node) + 1);
        }
-       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT || op == ANYOFHs) {
             /* Literal string, where present. */
            node += NODE_SZ_STR(node) - 1;
            node = NEXTOPER(node);
@@ -22115,7 +22608,7 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
 
 #endif
 
-    /* Set up the inversion list global variables */
+    /* Set up the inversion list interpreter-level variables */
 
     PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_ASCII] = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[UNI_ASCII]);
     PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHANUMERIC] = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[UNI_XPOSIXALNUM]);
@@ -22174,9 +22667,6 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
                                             UNI__PERL_FOLDS_TO_MULTI_CHAR]);
     PL_InMultiCharFold = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[
                                             UNI__PERL_IS_IN_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD]);
-    PL_NonFinalFold = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[
-                                            UNI__PERL_NON_FINAL_FOLDS]);
-
     PL_utf8_toupper = _new_invlist_C_array(Uppercase_Mapping_invlist);
     PL_utf8_tolower = _new_invlist_C_array(Lowercase_Mapping_invlist);
     PL_utf8_totitle = _new_invlist_C_array(Titlecase_Mapping_invlist);
@@ -22909,7 +23399,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                                 Titlecase Mapping  (both full and simple)
                                 Uppercase Mapping  (both full and simple)
              * Move the part that looks at the property values into a perl
-             * script, like utf8_heavy.pl is done.  This makes things somewhat
+             * script, like utf8_heavy.pl was done.  This makes things somewhat
              * easier, but most importantly, it avoids always adding all these
              * strings to the memory usage when the feature is little-used.
              *
@@ -22946,7 +23436,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
         /* Certain properties whose values are numeric need special handling.
          * They may optionally be prefixed by 'is'.  Ignore that prefix for the
          * purposes of checking if this is one of those properties */
-        if (memBEGINPs(lookup_name, name_len, "is")) {
+        if (memBEGINPs(lookup_name, j, "is")) {
             lookup_offset = 2;
         }