This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
Implement the bipolar read-only system
[perl5.git] / universal.c
index 383feaa..94169a6 100644 (file)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #define PERL_IN_UNIVERSAL_C
 #include "perl.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_PERLIO
+#if defined(USE_PERLIO)
 #include "perliol.h" /* For the PERLIO_F_XXX */
 #endif
 
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 STATIC bool
 S_isa_lookup(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char * const name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
 {
-    dVAR;
     const struct mro_meta *const meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
     HV *isa = meta->isa;
     const HV *our_stash;
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ S_isa_lookup(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char * const name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
     if (our_stash) {
        HEK *canon_name = HvENAME_HEK(our_stash);
        if (!canon_name) canon_name = HvNAME_HEK(our_stash);
-
+       assert(canon_name);
        if (hv_common(isa, NULL, HEK_KEY(canon_name), HEK_LEN(canon_name),
                      HEK_FLAGS(canon_name),
                      HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, HEK_HASH(canon_name))) {
@@ -147,7 +146,6 @@ Perl_sv_derived_from_pv(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name, U32 flags)
 bool
 Perl_sv_derived_from_pvn(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
 {
-    dVAR;
     HV *stash;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_DERIVED_FROM_PVN;
@@ -160,13 +158,19 @@ Perl_sv_derived_from_pvn(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *const name, const STRLEN len,
         type = sv_reftype(sv,0);
        if (type && strEQ(type,name))
            return TRUE;
-       stash = SvOBJECT(sv) ? SvSTASH(sv) : NULL;
+        if (!SvOBJECT(sv))
+            return FALSE;
+       stash = SvSTASH(sv);
     }
     else {
         stash = gv_stashsv(sv, 0);
     }
 
-    return stash ? isa_lookup(stash, name, len, flags) : FALSE;
+    if (stash && isa_lookup(stash, name, len, flags))
+        return TRUE;
+
+    stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0);
+    return stash && isa_lookup(stash, name, len, flags);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -196,8 +200,7 @@ Perl_sv_does_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
 
     SvGETMAGIC(sv);
 
-    if (!SvOK(sv) || !(SvROK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv))
-           || (SvGMAGICAL(sv) && SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv)))) {
+    if (!SvOK(sv) || !(SvROK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv)))) {
        LEAVE;
        return FALSE;
     }
@@ -289,7 +292,7 @@ A specialised variant of C<croak()> for emitting the usage message for xsubs
     croak_xs_usage(cv, "eee_yow");
 
 works out the package name and subroutine name from C<cv>, and then calls
-C<croak()>. Hence if C<cv> is C<&ouch::awk>, it would call C<croak> as:
+C<croak()>.  Hence if C<cv> is C<&ouch::awk>, it would call C<croak> as:
 
     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %"SVf"::%"SVf"(%s)", "ouch" "awk", "eee_yow");
 
@@ -297,32 +300,39 @@ C<croak()>. Hence if C<cv> is C<&ouch::awk>, it would call C<croak> as:
 */
 
 void
-Perl_croak_xs_usage(pTHX_ const CV *const cv, const char *const params)
+Perl_croak_xs_usage(const CV *const cv, const char *const params)
 {
-    const GV *const gv = CvGV(cv);
+    /* Avoid CvGV as it requires aTHX.  */
+    const GV *gv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : cv->sv_any->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CROAK_XS_USAGE;
 
-    if (gv) {
+    if (gv) got_gv: {
        const HV *const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
 
        if (HvNAME_get(stash))
-           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %"HEKf"::%"HEKf"(%s)",
+           /* diag_listed_as: SKIPME */
+           Perl_croak_nocontext("Usage: %"HEKf"::%"HEKf"(%s)",
                                 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
                                 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)),
                                 params);
        else
-           Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: %"HEKf"(%s)",
+           /* diag_listed_as: SKIPME */
+           Perl_croak_nocontext("Usage: %"HEKf"(%s)",
                                 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)), params);
     } else {
+        dTHX;
+        if ((gv = CvGV(cv))) goto got_gv;
+
        /* Pants. I don't think that it should be possible to get here. */
+       /* diag_listed_as: SKIPME */
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Usage: CODE(0x%"UVxf")(%s)", PTR2UV(cv), params);
     }
 }
 
+XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_isa); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_isa)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
 
     if (items != 2)
@@ -332,8 +342,7 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_isa)
 
        SvGETMAGIC(sv);
 
-       if (!SvOK(sv) || !(SvROK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv))
-                   || (SvGMAGICAL(sv) && SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv))))
+       if (!SvOK(sv) || !(SvROK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv))))
            XSRETURN_UNDEF;
 
        ST(0) = boolSV(sv_derived_from_sv(sv, ST(1), 0));
@@ -341,13 +350,14 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_isa)
     }
 }
 
+XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     SV   *sv;
     SV   *rv;
     HV   *pkg = NULL;
+    GV   *iogv;
 
     if (items != 2)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "object-ref, method");
@@ -356,8 +366,10 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can)
 
     SvGETMAGIC(sv);
 
-    if (!SvOK(sv) || !(SvROK(sv) || SvNIOK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv))
-       || (SvGMAGICAL(sv) && (SvNIOKp(sv) || (SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv))))))
+    /* Reject undef and empty string.  Note that the string form takes
+       precedence here over the numeric form, as (!1)->foo treats the
+       invocant as the empty string, though it is a dualvar. */
+    if (!SvOK(sv) || (SvPOK(sv) && !SvCUR(sv)))
        XSRETURN_UNDEF;
 
     rv = &PL_sv_undef;
@@ -366,11 +378,17 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can)
         sv = MUTABLE_SV(SvRV(sv));
         if (SvOBJECT(sv))
             pkg = SvSTASH(sv);
+        else if (isGV_with_GP(sv) && GvIO(sv))
+           pkg = SvSTASH(GvIO(sv));
     }
+    else if (isGV_with_GP(sv) && GvIO(sv))
+        pkg = SvSTASH(GvIO(sv));
+    else if ((iogv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, 0, SVt_PVIO)) && GvIO(iogv))
+        pkg = SvSTASH(GvIO(iogv));
     else {
         pkg = gv_stashsv(sv, 0);
         if (!pkg)
-            pkg = gv_stashpv("UNIVERSAL", 0);
+            pkg = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0);
     }
 
     if (pkg) {
@@ -383,9 +401,9 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_can)
     XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_DOES); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_DOES)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
@@ -400,375 +418,9 @@ XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_DOES)
     }
 }
 
-XS(XS_UNIVERSAL_VERSION)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    HV *pkg;
-    GV **gvp;
-    GV *gv;
-    SV *sv;
-    const char *undef;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
-
-    if (SvROK(ST(0))) {
-        sv = MUTABLE_SV(SvRV(ST(0)));
-        if (!SvOBJECT(sv))
-            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot find version of an unblessed reference");
-        pkg = SvSTASH(sv);
-    }
-    else {
-        pkg = gv_stashsv(ST(0), 0);
-    }
-
-    gvp = pkg ? (GV**)hv_fetchs(pkg, "VERSION", FALSE) : NULL;
-
-    if (gvp && isGV(gv = *gvp) && (sv = GvSV(gv)) && SvOK(sv)) {
-        SV * const nsv = sv_newmortal();
-        sv_setsv(nsv, sv);
-        sv = nsv;
-       if ( !sv_isobject(sv) || !sv_derived_from(sv, "version"))
-           upg_version(sv, FALSE);
-
-        undef = NULL;
-    }
-    else {
-        sv = &PL_sv_undef;
-        undef = "(undef)";
-    }
-
-    if (items > 1) {
-       SV *req = ST(1);
-
-       if (undef) {
-           if (pkg) {
-               const HEK * const name = HvNAME_HEK(pkg);
-               Perl_croak(aTHX_
-                          "%"HEKf" does not define $%"HEKf
-                          "::VERSION--version check failed",
-                          HEKfARG(name), HEKfARG(name));
-           } else {
-               Perl_croak(aTHX_
-                            "%"SVf" defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed",
-                            SVfARG(ST(0)) );
-            }
-       }
-
-       if ( !sv_isobject(req) || !sv_derived_from(req, "version")) {
-           /* req may very well be R/O, so create a new object */
-           req = sv_2mortal( new_version(req) );
-       }
-
-       if ( vcmp( req, sv ) > 0 ) {
-           if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(req)), "qv", 2 ) ) {
-               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"HEKf" version %"SVf" required--"
-                      "this is only version %"SVf"",
-                       HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(pkg)),
-                      SVfARG(sv_2mortal(vnormal(req))),
-                      SVfARG(sv_2mortal(vnormal(sv))));
-           } else {
-               Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"HEKf" version %"SVf" required--"
-                      "this is only version %"SVf,
-                       HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(pkg)),
-                      SVfARG(sv_2mortal(vstringify(req))),
-                      SVfARG(sv_2mortal(vstringify(sv))));
-           }
-       }
-
-    }
-
-    if ( SvOK(sv) && sv_derived_from(sv, "version") ) {
-       ST(0) = sv_2mortal(vstringify(sv));
-    } else {
-       ST(0) = sv;
-    }
-
-    XSRETURN(1);
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_new)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    if (items > 3)
-       croak_xs_usage(cv, "class, version");
-    SP -= items;
-    {
-        SV *vs = ST(1);
-       SV *rv;
-        STRLEN len;
-        const char *classname;
-        U32 flags;
-        if ( sv_isobject(ST(0)) ) { /* get the class if called as an object method */
-            const HV * stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ST(0)));
-            classname = HvNAME(stash);
-            len       = HvNAMELEN(stash);
-            flags     = HvNAMEUTF8(stash) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
-        }
-        else {
-           classname = SvPV(ST(0), len);
-            flags     = SvUTF8(ST(0));
-        }
-
-       if ( items == 1 || ! SvOK(vs) ) { /* no param or explicit undef */
-           /* create empty object */
-           vs = sv_newmortal();
-           sv_setpvs(vs, "0");
-       }
-       else if ( items == 3 ) {
-           vs = sv_newmortal();
-           Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ vs,"v%s",SvPV_nolen_const(ST(2)));
-       }
-
-       rv = new_version(vs);
-       if ( strnNE(classname,"version", len) ) /* inherited new() */
-           sv_bless(rv, gv_stashpvn(classname, len, GV_ADD | flags));
-
-       mPUSHs(rv);
-       PUTBACK;
-       return;
-    }
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_stringify)
-{
-     dVAR;
-     dXSARGS;
-     if (items < 1)
-        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-     SP -= items;
-     {
-         SV *  lobj = ST(0);
-
-         if (sv_isobject(lobj) && sv_derived_from(lobj, "version")) {
-              lobj = SvRV(lobj);
-         }
-         else
-              Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-
-         mPUSHs(vstringify(lobj));
-
-         PUTBACK;
-         return;
-     }
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_numify)
-{
-     dVAR;
-     dXSARGS;
-     if (items < 1)
-        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-     SP -= items;
-     {
-         SV *  lobj = ST(0);
-
-         if (sv_isobject(lobj) && sv_derived_from(lobj, "version")) {
-              lobj = SvRV(lobj);
-         }
-         else
-              Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-
-         mPUSHs(vnumify(lobj));
-
-         PUTBACK;
-         return;
-     }
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_normal)
-{
-     dVAR;
-     dXSARGS;
-     if (items < 1)
-        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-     SP -= items;
-     {
-         SV *  lobj = ST(0);
-
-         if (sv_isobject(lobj) && sv_derived_from(lobj, "version")) {
-              lobj = SvRV(lobj);
-         }
-         else
-              Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-
-         mPUSHs(vnormal(lobj));
-
-         PUTBACK;
-         return;
-     }
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_vcmp)
-{
-     dVAR;
-     dXSARGS;
-     if (items < 1)
-        croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-     SP -= items;
-     {
-         SV *  lobj = ST(0);
-
-         if (sv_isobject(lobj) && sv_derived_from(lobj, "version")) {
-              lobj = SvRV(lobj);
-         }
-         else
-              Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-
-         {
-              SV       *rs;
-              SV       *rvs;
-              SV * robj = ST(1);
-              const IV  swap = (IV)SvIV(ST(2));
-
-              if ( !sv_isobject(robj) || !sv_derived_from(robj, "version") )
-              {
-                   robj = new_version(SvOK(robj) ? robj : newSVpvs_flags("0", SVs_TEMP));
-                   sv_2mortal(robj);
-              }
-              rvs = SvRV(robj);
-
-              if ( swap )
-              {
-                   rs = newSViv(vcmp(rvs,lobj));
-              }
-              else
-              {
-                   rs = newSViv(vcmp(lobj,rvs));
-              }
-
-              mPUSHs(rs);
-         }
-
-         PUTBACK;
-         return;
-     }
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_boolean)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    if (items < 1)
-       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-    SP -= items;
-    if (sv_isobject(ST(0)) && sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version")) {
-       SV * const lobj = SvRV(ST(0));
-       SV * const rs =
-           newSViv( vcmp(lobj,
-                         sv_2mortal(new_version(
-                                       sv_2mortal(newSVpvs("0"))
-                                   ))
-                        )
-                  );
-       mPUSHs(rs);
-       PUTBACK;
-       return;
-    }
-    else
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_noop)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    if (items < 1)
-       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj, ...");
-    if (sv_isobject(ST(0)) && sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version"))
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "operation not supported with version object");
-    else
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-#ifndef HASATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
-    XSRETURN_EMPTY;
-#endif
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_is_alpha)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    if (items != 1)
-       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj");
-    SP -= items;
-    if (sv_isobject(ST(0)) && sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version")) {
-       SV * const lobj = ST(0);
-       if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(lobj)), "alpha", 5 ) )
-           XSRETURN_YES;
-       else
-           XSRETURN_NO;
-       PUTBACK;
-       return;
-    }
-    else
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_qv)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
-    SP -= items;
-    {
-       SV * ver = ST(0);
-       SV * rv;
-        STRLEN len = 0;
-        const char * classname = "";
-        U32 flags = 0;
-        if ( items == 2 && SvOK(ST(1)) ) {
-            ver = ST(1);
-            if ( sv_isobject(ST(0)) ) { /* class called as an object method */
-                const HV * stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ST(0)));
-                classname = HvNAME(stash);
-                len       = HvNAMELEN(stash);
-                flags     = HvNAMEUTF8(stash) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
-            }
-            else {
-              classname = SvPV(ST(0), len);
-                flags     = SvUTF8(ST(0));
-            }
-        }
-       if ( !SvVOK(ver) ) { /* not already a v-string */
-           rv = sv_newmortal();
-           sv_setsv(rv,ver); /* make a duplicate */
-           upg_version(rv, TRUE);
-       } else {
-           rv = sv_2mortal(new_version(ver));
-       }
-       if ( items == 2
-                && strnNE(classname,"version", len) ) { /* inherited new() */
-           sv_bless(rv, gv_stashpvn(classname, len, GV_ADD | flags));
-        }
-       PUSHs(rv);
-    }
-    PUTBACK;
-    return;
-}
-
-XS(XS_version_is_qv)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    if (items != 1)
-       croak_xs_usage(cv, "lobj");
-    SP -= items;
-    if (sv_isobject(ST(0)) && sv_derived_from(ST(0), "version")) {
-       SV * const lobj = ST(0);
-       if ( hv_exists(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(lobj)), "qv", 2 ) )
-           XSRETURN_YES;
-       else
-           XSRETURN_NO;
-       PUTBACK;
-       return;
-    }
-    else
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "lobj is not of type version");
-}
-
+XS(XS_utf8_is_utf8); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_is_utf8)
 {
-     dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
      if (items != 1)
         croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
@@ -783,9 +435,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_is_utf8)
      XSRETURN_EMPTY;
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_valid); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_valid)
 {
-     dVAR;
      dXSARGS;
      if (items != 1)
         croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
@@ -801,19 +453,20 @@ XS(XS_utf8_valid)
      XSRETURN_EMPTY;
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_encode); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_encode)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     if (items != 1)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
     sv_utf8_encode(ST(0));
+    SvSETMAGIC(ST(0));
     XSRETURN_EMPTY;
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_decode); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_decode)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     if (items != 1)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
@@ -822,14 +475,15 @@ XS(XS_utf8_decode)
        bool RETVAL;
        SvPV_force_nolen(sv);
        RETVAL = sv_utf8_decode(sv);
+       SvSETMAGIC(sv);
        ST(0) = boolSV(RETVAL);
     }
     XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_upgrade); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_upgrade)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     if (items != 1)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
@@ -844,15 +498,15 @@ XS(XS_utf8_upgrade)
     XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_downgrade); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_downgrade)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     if (items < 1 || items > 2)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv, failok=0");
     else {
        SV * const sv = ST(0);
-        const bool failok = (items < 2) ? 0 : (int)SvIV(ST(1));
+        const bool failok = (items < 2) ? 0 : SvTRUE(ST(1)) ? 1 : 0;
         const bool RETVAL = sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, failok);
 
        ST(0) = boolSV(RETVAL);
@@ -860,9 +514,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_downgrade)
     XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_native_to_unicode); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_native_to_unicode)
 {
- dVAR;
  dXSARGS;
  const UV uv = SvUV(ST(0));
 
@@ -873,9 +527,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_native_to_unicode)
  XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_utf8_unicode_to_native); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_utf8_unicode_to_native)
 {
- dVAR;
  dXSARGS;
  const UV uv = SvUV(ST(0));
 
@@ -886,9 +540,9 @@ XS(XS_utf8_unicode_to_native)
  XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_Internals_SvREADONLY); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_Internals_SvREADONLY)    /* This is dangerous stuff. */
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     SV * const svz = ST(0);
     SV * sv;
@@ -901,53 +555,86 @@ XS(XS_Internals_SvREADONLY)       /* This is dangerous stuff. */
     sv = SvRV(svz);
 
     if (items == 1) {
-        if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvIsCOW(sv))
+        if (SvREADONLY(sv))
             XSRETURN_YES;
         else
             XSRETURN_NO;
     }
     else if (items == 2) {
        if (SvTRUE(ST(1))) {
+#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
            if (SvIsCOW(sv)) sv_force_normal(sv);
-           SvREADONLY_on(sv);
+#endif
+           SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY;
            XSRETURN_YES;
        }
        else {
            /* I hope you really know what you are doing. */
-           if (!SvIsCOW(sv)) SvREADONLY_off(sv);
+           SvFLAGS(sv) &=~ SVf_READONLY;
            XSRETURN_NO;
        }
     }
     XSRETURN_UNDEF; /* Can't happen. */
 }
 
+XS(XS_constant__make_const); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
+XS(XS_constant__make_const)    /* This is dangerous stuff. */
+{
+    dXSARGS;
+    SV * const svz = ST(0);
+    SV * sv;
+    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
+
+    /* [perl #77776] - called as &foo() not foo() */
+    if (!SvROK(svz) || items != 1)
+        croak_xs_usage(cv, "SCALAR");
+
+    sv = SvRV(svz);
+
+#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
+    if (SvIsCOW(sv)) sv_force_normal(sv);
+#endif
+    SvREADONLY_on(sv);
+    if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV && AvFILLp(sv) != -1) {
+       /* for constant.pm; nobody else should be calling this
+          on arrays anyway. */
+       SV **svp;
+       for (svp = AvARRAY(sv) + AvFILLp(sv)
+          ; svp >= AvARRAY(sv)
+          ; --svp)
+           if (*svp) SvPADTMP_on(*svp);
+    }
+    XSRETURN(0);
+}
+
+XS(XS_Internals_SvREFCNT); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_Internals_SvREFCNT)      /* This is dangerous stuff. */
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     SV * const svz = ST(0);
     SV * sv;
+    U32 refcnt;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
 
     /* [perl #77776] - called as &foo() not foo() */
-    if (!SvROK(svz))
+    if ((items != 1 && items != 2) || !SvROK(svz))
         croak_xs_usage(cv, "SCALAR[, REFCOUNT]");
 
     sv = SvRV(svz);
 
-    if (items == 1)
-        XSRETURN_UV(SvREFCNT(sv) - 1); /* Minus the ref created for us. */
-    else if (items == 2) {
          /* I hope you really know what you are doing. */
-        SvREFCNT(sv) = SvUV(ST(1)) + 1; /* we free one ref on exit */
-        XSRETURN_UV(SvREFCNT(sv) - 1);
-    }
-    XSRETURN_UNDEF; /* Can't happen. */
+    /* idea is for SvREFCNT(sv) to be accessed only once */
+    refcnt = items == 2 ?
+                /* we free one ref on exit */
+                (SvREFCNT(sv) = SvUV(ST(1)) + 1)
+                : SvREFCNT(sv);
+    XSRETURN_UV(refcnt - 1); /* Minus the ref created for us. */        
+
 }
 
+XS(XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
 
     if (items != 1 || !SvROK(ST(0)))
@@ -959,13 +646,13 @@ XS(XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold)
     }
 }
 
+XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     if (items < 1 || items % 2 == 0)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "filehandle[,args]");
-#ifdef USE_PERLIO
+#if defined(USE_PERLIO)
     {
        SV *    sv;
        GV *    gv;
@@ -1020,9 +707,9 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
        if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv))) {
             AV* const av = PerlIO_get_layers(aTHX_ input ?
                                        IoIFP(io) : IoOFP(io));
-            I32 i;
-            const I32 last = av_len(av);
-            I32 nitem = 0;
+            SSize_t i;
+            const SSize_t last = av_tindex(av);
+            SSize_t nitem = 0;
             
             for (i = last; i >= 0; i -= 3) {
                  SV * const * const namsvp = av_fetch(av, i - 2, FALSE);
@@ -1033,40 +720,41 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
                  const bool argok = argsvp && *argsvp && SvPOK(*argsvp);
                  const bool flgok = flgsvp && *flgsvp && SvIOK(*flgsvp);
 
+                 EXTEND(SP, 3); /* Three is the max in all branches: better check just once */
                  if (details) {
                      /* Indents of 5? Yuck.  */
                      /* We know that PerlIO_get_layers creates a new SV for
                         the name and flags, so we can just take a reference
                         and "steal" it when we free the AV below.  */
-                      XPUSHs(namok
+                      PUSHs(namok
                              ? sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*namsvp))
                              : &PL_sv_undef);
-                      XPUSHs(argok
+                      PUSHs(argok
                              ? newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX_const(*argsvp),
                                               SvCUR(*argsvp),
                                               (SvUTF8(*argsvp) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0)
                                               | SVs_TEMP)
                              : &PL_sv_undef);
-                      XPUSHs(flgok
+                      PUSHs(flgok
                              ? sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*flgsvp))
                              : &PL_sv_undef);
                       nitem += 3;
                  }
                  else {
                       if (namok && argok)
-                           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%"SVf"(%"SVf")",
+                           PUSHs(sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%"SVf"(%"SVf")",
                                                 SVfARG(*namsvp),
                                                 SVfARG(*argsvp))));
                       else if (namok)
-                          XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*namsvp)));
+                           PUSHs(sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*namsvp)));
                       else
-                           XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
+                           PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
                       nitem++;
                       if (flgok) {
                            const IV flags = SvIVX(*flgsvp);
 
                            if (flags & PERLIO_F_UTF8) {
-                                XPUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("utf8", SVs_TEMP));
+                                PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("utf8", SVs_TEMP));
                                 nitem++;
                            }
                       }
@@ -1083,48 +771,10 @@ XS(XS_PerlIO_get_layers)
     XSRETURN(0);
 }
 
-XS(XS_Internals_hash_seed)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    /* Using dXSARGS would also have dITEM and dSP,
-     * which define 2 unused local variables.  */
-    dAXMARK;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
-    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(mark);
-    XSRETURN_UV(PERL_HASH_SEED);
-}
-
-XS(XS_Internals_rehash_seed)
-{
-    dVAR;
-    /* Using dXSARGS would also have dITEM and dSP,
-     * which define 2 unused local variables.  */
-    dAXMARK;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
-    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(mark);
-    XSRETURN_UV(PL_rehash_seed);
-}
-
-XS(XS_Internals_HvREHASH)      /* Subject to change  */
-{
-    dVAR;
-    dXSARGS;
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(cv);
-    if (SvROK(ST(0))) {
-       const HV * const hv = (const HV *) SvRV(ST(0));
-       if (items == 1 && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
-           if (HvREHASH(hv))
-               XSRETURN_YES;
-           else
-               XSRETURN_NO;
-       }
-    }
-    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Internals::HvREHASH $hashref");
-}
 
+XS(XS_re_is_regexp); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_re_is_regexp)
 {
-    dVAR; 
     dXSARGS;
     PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv);
 
@@ -1138,11 +788,11 @@ XS(XS_re_is_regexp)
     }
 }
 
+XS(XS_re_regnames_count); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_re_regnames_count)
 {
     REGEXP *rx = PL_curpm ? PM_GETRE(PL_curpm) : NULL;
     SV * ret;
-    dVAR; 
     dXSARGS;
 
     if (items != 0)
@@ -1161,9 +811,9 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames_count)
     XSRETURN(1);
 }
 
+XS(XS_re_regname); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_re_regname)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
@@ -1193,16 +843,16 @@ XS(XS_re_regname)
 }
 
 
+XS(XS_re_regnames); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_re_regnames)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP * rx;
     U32 flags;
     SV *ret;
     AV *av;
-    I32 length;
-    I32 i;
+    SSize_t length;
+    SSize_t i;
     SV **entry;
 
     if (items > 1)
@@ -1230,15 +880,16 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames)
         XSRETURN_UNDEF;
 
     av = MUTABLE_AV(SvRV(ret));
-    length = av_len(av);
+    length = av_tindex(av);
 
+    EXTEND(SP, length+1); /* better extend stack just once */
     for (i = 0; i <= length; i++) {
         entry = av_fetch(av, i, FALSE);
         
         if (!entry)
             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "NULL array element in re::regnames()");
 
-        mXPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*entry));
+        mPUSHs(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*entry));
     }
 
     SvREFCNT_dec(ret);
@@ -1247,17 +898,17 @@ XS(XS_re_regnames)
     return;
 }
 
+XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern); /* prototype to pass -Wmissing-prototypes */
 XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern)
 {
-    dVAR;
     dXSARGS;
     REGEXP *re;
 
+    EXTEND(SP, 2);
+    SP -= items;
     if (items != 1)
        croak_xs_usage(cv, "sv");
 
-    SP -= items;
-
     /*
        Checks if a reference is a regex or not. If the parameter is
        not a ref, or is not the result of a qr// then returns false
@@ -1309,8 +960,8 @@ XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern)
                                     (RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0) | SVs_TEMP);
 
             /* return the pattern and the modifiers */
-            XPUSHs(pattern);
-            XPUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(reflags, left, SVs_TEMP));
+            PUSHs(pattern);
+            PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(reflags, left, SVs_TEMP));
             XSRETURN(2);
         } else {
             /* Scalar, so use the string that Perl would return */
@@ -1321,7 +972,7 @@ XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern)
             pattern = newSVpvn_flags(RX_WRAPPED(re), RX_WRAPLEN(re),
                                     (RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0) | SVs_TEMP);
 #endif
-            XPUSHs(pattern);
+            PUSHs(pattern);
             XSRETURN(1);
         }
     } else {
@@ -1347,45 +998,22 @@ XS(XS_re_regexp_pattern)
     /* NOT-REACHED */
 }
 
+#include "vutil.h"
+#include "vxs.inc"
+
 struct xsub_details {
     const char *name;
     XSUBADDR_t xsub;
     const char *proto;
 };
 
-struct xsub_details details[] = {
+static const struct xsub_details details[] = {
     {"UNIVERSAL::isa", XS_UNIVERSAL_isa, NULL},
     {"UNIVERSAL::can", XS_UNIVERSAL_can, NULL},
     {"UNIVERSAL::DOES", XS_UNIVERSAL_DOES, NULL},
-    {"UNIVERSAL::VERSION", XS_UNIVERSAL_VERSION, NULL},
-    {"version::()", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::new", XS_version_new, NULL},
-    {"version::parse", XS_version_new, NULL},
-    {"version::(\"\"", XS_version_stringify, NULL},
-    {"version::stringify", XS_version_stringify, NULL},
-    {"version::(0+", XS_version_numify, NULL},
-    {"version::numify", XS_version_numify, NULL},
-    {"version::normal", XS_version_normal, NULL},
-    {"version::(cmp", XS_version_vcmp, NULL},
-    {"version::(<=>", XS_version_vcmp, NULL},
-    {"version::vcmp", XS_version_vcmp, NULL},
-    {"version::(bool", XS_version_boolean, NULL},
-    {"version::boolean", XS_version_boolean, NULL},
-    {"version::(+", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(-", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(*", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(/", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(+=", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(-=", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(*=", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(/=", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(abs", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::(nomethod", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::noop", XS_version_noop, NULL},
-    {"version::is_alpha", XS_version_is_alpha, NULL},
-    {"version::qv", XS_version_qv, NULL},
-    {"version::declare", XS_version_qv, NULL},
-    {"version::is_qv", XS_version_is_qv, NULL},
+#define VXS_XSUB_DETAILS
+#include "vxs.inc"
+#undef VXS_XSUB_DETAILS
     {"utf8::is_utf8", XS_utf8_is_utf8, NULL},
     {"utf8::valid", XS_utf8_valid, NULL},
     {"utf8::encode", XS_utf8_encode, NULL},
@@ -1395,12 +1023,10 @@ struct xsub_details details[] = {
     {"utf8::native_to_unicode", XS_utf8_native_to_unicode, NULL},
     {"utf8::unicode_to_native", XS_utf8_unicode_to_native, NULL},
     {"Internals::SvREADONLY", XS_Internals_SvREADONLY, "\\[$%@];$"},
+    {"constant::_make_const", XS_constant__make_const, "\\[$@]"},
     {"Internals::SvREFCNT", XS_Internals_SvREFCNT, "\\[$%@];$"},
     {"Internals::hv_clear_placeholders", XS_Internals_hv_clear_placehold, "\\%"},
     {"PerlIO::get_layers", XS_PerlIO_get_layers, "*;@"},
-    {"Internals::hash_seed", XS_Internals_hash_seed, ""},
-    {"Internals::rehash_seed", XS_Internals_rehash_seed, ""},
-    {"Internals::HvREHASH", XS_Internals_HvREHASH, "\\%"},
     {"re::is_regexp", XS_re_is_regexp, "$"},
     {"re::regname", XS_re_regname, ";$$"},
     {"re::regnames", XS_re_regnames, ";$"},
@@ -1411,11 +1037,9 @@ struct xsub_details details[] = {
 void
 Perl_boot_core_UNIVERSAL(pTHX)
 {
-    dVAR;
     static const char file[] = __FILE__;
-    struct xsub_details *xsub = details;
-    const struct xsub_details *end
-       = details + sizeof(details) / sizeof(details[0]);
+    const struct xsub_details *xsub = details;
+    const struct xsub_details *end = C_ARRAY_END(details);
 
     do {
        newXS_flags(xsub->name, xsub->xsub, file, xsub->proto, 0);