This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
Fix multicharacter titlecase (ucfirst).
[perl5.git] / pp.c
diff --git a/pp.c b/pp.c
index 1bbb108..3d93f75 100644 (file)
--- a/pp.c
+++ b/pp.c
 #define PERL_IN_PP_C
 #include "perl.h"
 
-/*
- * The compiler on Concurrent CX/UX systems has a subtle bug which only
- * seems to show up when compiling pp.c - it generates the wrong double
- * precision constant value for (double)UV_MAX when used inline in the body
- * of the code below, so this makes a static variable up front (which the
- * compiler seems to get correct) and uses it in place of UV_MAX below.
- */
-#ifdef CXUX_BROKEN_CONSTANT_CONVERT
-static double UV_MAX_cxux = ((double)UV_MAX);
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Offset for integer pack/unpack.
- *
- * On architectures where I16 and I32 aren't really 16 and 32 bits,
- * which for now are all Crays, pack and unpack have to play games.
- */
-
-/*
- * These values are required for portability of pack() output.
- * If they're not right on your machine, then pack() and unpack()
- * wouldn't work right anyway; you'll need to apply the Cray hack.
- * (I'd like to check them with #if, but you can't use sizeof() in
- * the preprocessor.)  --???
- */
-/*
-    The appropriate SHORTSIZE, INTSIZE, LONGSIZE, and LONGLONGSIZE
-    defines are now in config.h.  --Andy Dougherty  April 1998
- */
-#define SIZE16 2
-#define SIZE32 4
-
-/* CROSSCOMPILE and MULTIARCH are going to affect pp_pack() and pp_unpack().
-   --jhi Feb 1999 */
-
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16 || LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-#   define PERL_NATINT_PACK
-#endif
-
-#if LONGSIZE > 4 && defined(_CRAY)
-#  if BYTEORDER == 0x12345678
-#    define OFF16(p)   (char*)(p)
-#    define OFF32(p)   (char*)(p)
-#  else
-#    if BYTEORDER == 0x87654321
-#      define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U16) - SIZE16))
-#      define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U32) - SIZE32))
-#    else
-       }}}} bad cray byte order
-#    endif
-#  endif
-#  define COPY16(s,p)  (*(p) = 0, Copy(s, OFF16(p), SIZE16, char))
-#  define COPY32(s,p)  (*(p) = 0, Copy(s, OFF32(p), SIZE32, char))
-#  define COPYNN(s,p,n) (*(p) = 0, Copy(s, (char *)(p), n, char))
-#  define CAT16(sv,p)  sv_catpvn(sv, OFF16(p), SIZE16)
-#  define CAT32(sv,p)  sv_catpvn(sv, OFF32(p), SIZE32)
-#else
-#  define COPY16(s,p)  Copy(s, p, SIZE16, char)
-#  define COPY32(s,p)  Copy(s, p, SIZE32, char)
-#  define COPYNN(s,p,n) Copy(s, (char *)(p), n, char)
-#  define CAT16(sv,p)  sv_catpvn(sv, (char*)(p), SIZE16)
-#  define CAT32(sv,p)  sv_catpvn(sv, (char*)(p), SIZE32)
-#endif
-
 /* variations on pp_null */
 
 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
@@ -341,7 +277,7 @@ PP(pp_av2arylen)
     if (!sv) {
        AvARYLEN(av) = sv = NEWSV(0,0);
        sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
-       sv_magic(sv, (SV*)av, '#', Nullch, 0);
+       sv_magic(sv, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen, Nullch, 0);
     }
     SETs(sv);
     RETURN;
@@ -354,7 +290,7 @@ PP(pp_pos)
     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
        if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
            sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
-           sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, '.', Nullch, 0);
+           sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_pos, Nullch, 0);
        }
 
        LvTYPE(TARG) = '.';
@@ -370,7 +306,7 @@ PP(pp_pos)
        MAGIC* mg;
 
        if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv)) {
-           mg = mg_find(sv, 'g');
+           mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
            if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
                I32 i = mg->mg_len;
                if (DO_UTF8(sv))
@@ -448,10 +384,12 @@ PP(pp_prototype)
                    else if (n && str[0] == ';' && seen_question)
                        goto set;       /* XXXX system, exec */
                    if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
-                       && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_HVREF) {
+                       && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
+                       /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
+                       && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
+                   ) {
                        str[n++] = '\\';
                    }
-                   /* What to do with R ((un)tie, tied, (sys)read, recv)? */
                    str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
                    oa = oa >> 4;
                }
@@ -529,8 +467,8 @@ S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
        SvTEMP_off(sv);
        (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
     }
-    else if (SvPADTMP(sv))
-       sv = newSVsv(sv);
+    else if (SvPADTMP(sv) && !IS_PADGV(sv))
+        sv = newSVsv(sv);
     else {
        SvTEMP_off(sv);
        (void)SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
@@ -612,8 +550,11 @@ PP(pp_gelem)
            tmpRef = (SV*)GvCVu(gv);
        break;
     case 'F':
-       if (strEQ(elem, "FILEHANDLE")) /* XXX deprecate in 5.005 */
+       if (strEQ(elem, "FILEHANDLE")) {
+           /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
+           deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
            tmpRef = (SV*)GvIOp(gv);
+       }
        else
        if (strEQ(elem, "FORMAT"))
            tmpRef = (SV*)GvFORM(gv);
@@ -713,7 +654,8 @@ PP(pp_study)
     }
 
     SvSCREAM_on(sv);
-    sv_magic(sv, Nullsv, 'g', Nullch, 0);      /* piggyback on m//g magic */
+    /* piggyback on m//g magic */
+    sv_magic(sv, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, Nullch, 0);
     RETPUSHYES;
 }
 
@@ -745,9 +687,10 @@ PP(pp_schop)
 
 PP(pp_chop)
 {
-    dSP; dMARK; dTARGET;
-    while (SP > MARK)
-       do_chop(TARG, POPs);
+    dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
+    while (MARK < SP)
+       do_chop(TARG, *++MARK);
+    SP = ORIGMARK;
     PUSHTARG;
     RETURN;
 }
@@ -780,11 +723,13 @@ PP(pp_defined)
        RETPUSHNO;
     switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
     case SVt_PVAV:
-       if (AvMAX(sv) >= 0 || SvGMAGICAL(sv) || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv,'P')))
+       if (AvMAX(sv) >= 0 || SvGMAGICAL(sv)
+               || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)))
            RETPUSHYES;
        break;
     case SVt_PVHV:
-       if (HvARRAY(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv) || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv,'P')))
+       if (HvARRAY(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)
+               || (SvRMAGICAL(sv) && mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tied)))
            RETPUSHYES;
        break;
     case SVt_PVCV:
@@ -1001,7 +946,7 @@ PP(pp_multiply)
                    /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct.  */
                    /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV  */
                    SP--;
-                   SETi( -product );
+                   SETi( -(IV)product );
                    RETURN;
                } /* else drop to NVs below. */
            } else {
@@ -1038,7 +983,7 @@ PP(pp_multiply)
                            /* 2s complement assumption again  */
                            /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV  */
                            SP--;
-                           SETi( -product_low );
+                           SETi( -(IV)product_low );
                            RETURN;
                        } /* else drop to NVs below. */
                    }
@@ -1057,29 +1002,111 @@ PP(pp_multiply)
 PP(pp_divide)
 {
     dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(div,opASSIGN);
-    {
-      dPOPPOPnnrl;
-      NV value;
-      if (right == 0.0)
-       DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
+    /* Only try to do UV divide first
+       if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or 
+           (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
+            to preserve))
+       The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
+       whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
+       If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
+       can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
+       test the size of UVs.  */
+
 #ifdef SLOPPYDIVIDE
-      /* insure that 20./5. == 4. */
-      {
-       IV k;
-       if ((NV)I_V(left)  == left &&
-           (NV)I_V(right) == right &&
-           (k = I_V(left)/I_V(right))*I_V(right) == I_V(left)) {
-           value = k;
-       }
-       else {
-           value = left / right;
-       }
-      }
+#  define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
+    /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
 #else
-      value = left / right;
+#  ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
+#    ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
+#      define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
+#    endif
+#  endif
 #endif
-      PUSHn( value );
-      RETURN;
+
+#ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
+    SvIV_please(TOPs);
+    if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
+        SvIV_please(TOPm1s);
+        if (SvIOK(TOPm1s)) {
+            bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPm1s);
+            bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(TOPs);
+            UV left;
+            UV right;
+
+            if (right_non_neg) {
+                right = SvUVX(TOPs);
+            }
+           else {
+                IV biv = SvIVX(TOPs);
+                if (biv >= 0) {
+                    right = biv;
+                    right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
+                }
+               else {
+                    right = -biv;
+                }
+            }
+            /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
+               warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
+               If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
+               DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
+               no inpsection would give no warning.  */
+            if (right == 0)
+                DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
+
+            if (left_non_neg) {
+                left = SvUVX(TOPm1s);
+            }
+           else {
+                IV aiv = SvIVX(TOPm1s);
+                if (aiv >= 0) {
+                    left = aiv;
+                    left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
+                }
+               else {
+                    left = -aiv;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (left >= right
+#ifdef SLOPPYDIVIDE
+                /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division.  */
+#else
+                /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
+                   would not be preserved by an NV.  If both fit in NVs
+                   we fall through to the NV divide code below.  */
+                && ((left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
+                    || (right > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS)))
+#endif
+                ) {
+                /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise.  */
+                UV result = left / right;
+                if (result * right == left) {
+                    SP--; /* result is valid */
+                    if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
+                        /* signs identical, result is positive.  */
+                        SETu( result );
+                        RETURN;
+                    }
+                    /* 2s complement assumption */
+                    if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
+                        SETi( -result );
+                    else {
+                        /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
+                        SETn( -(NV)result );
+                    }
+                    RETURN;
+                } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
+            } /* else (abs(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
+        } /* left wasn't SvIOK */
+    } /* right wasn't SvIOK */
+#endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
+    {
+       dPOPPOPnnrl;
+       if (right == 0.0)
+           DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
+       PUSHn( left / right );
+       RETURN;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1087,66 +1114,95 @@ PP(pp_modulo)
 {
     dSP; dATARGET; tryAMAGICbin(modulo,opASSIGN);
     {
-       UV left;
-       UV right;
+       UV left  = 0;
+       UV right = 0;
        bool left_neg;
        bool right_neg;
-       bool use_double = 0;
-       NV dright;
-       NV dleft;
-
-       if (SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-           IV i = SvIVX(POPs);
-           right = (right_neg = (i < 0)) ? -i : i;
-       }
-       else {
+       bool use_double = FALSE;
+       bool dright_valid = FALSE;
+       NV dright = 0.0;
+       NV dleft  = 0.0;
+
+        SvIV_please(TOPs);
+        if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
+            right_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
+            if (!right_neg) {
+                right = SvUVX(POPs);
+            } else {
+                IV biv = SvIVX(POPs);
+                if (biv >= 0) {
+                    right = biv;
+                    right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
+                } else {
+                    right = -biv;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
            dright = POPn;
-           use_double = 1;
            right_neg = dright < 0;
            if (right_neg)
                dright = -dright;
+            if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
+                right = U_V(dright);
+                dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below.  */
+            } else {
+                use_double = TRUE;
+            }
        }
 
-       if (!use_double && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-           IV i = SvIVX(POPs);
-           left = (left_neg = (i < 0)) ? -i : i;
-       }
+        /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
+           a UV.  In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
+           use_double false.  */
+        SvIV_please(TOPs);
+       if (!use_double && SvIOK(TOPs)) {
+            if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
+                left_neg = !SvUOK(TOPs);
+                if (!left_neg) {
+                    left = SvUVX(POPs);
+                } else {
+                    IV aiv = SvIVX(POPs);
+                    if (aiv >= 0) {
+                        left = aiv;
+                        left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
+                    } else {
+                        left = -aiv;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
        else {
            dleft = POPn;
-           if (!use_double) {
-               use_double = 1;
-               dright = right;
-           }
            left_neg = dleft < 0;
            if (left_neg)
                dleft = -dleft;
-       }
 
+            /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
+               both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor.  */
+           if (!use_double) {
+                if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
+                    /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
+                     */
+                    left = U_V(dleft);
+                }
+                /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
+                   right (back) to double.  */
+                else {
+                    /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
+                       consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
+                       inside the #if 1. */
+                    dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
+                    use_double = TRUE;
+                    if (dright_valid)
+                        dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
+                    else
+                        dright = right;
+                }
+            }
+        }
        if (use_double) {
            NV dans;
 
-#if 1
-/* Somehow U_V is pessimized even if CASTFLAGS is 0 */
-#  if CASTFLAGS & 2
-#    define CAST_D2UV(d) U_V(d)
-#  else
-#    define CAST_D2UV(d) ((UV)(d))
-#  endif
-           /* Tried to do this only in the case DOUBLESIZE <= UV_SIZE,
-            * or, in other words, precision of UV more than of NV.
-            * But in fact the approach below turned out to be an
-            * optimization - floor() may be slow */
-           if (dright <= UV_MAX && dleft <= UV_MAX) {
-               right = CAST_D2UV(dright);
-               left  = CAST_D2UV(dleft);
-               goto do_uv;
-           }
-#endif
-
-           /* Backward-compatibility clause: */
-           dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
-           dleft  = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
-
            if (!dright)
                DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
 
@@ -1160,7 +1216,6 @@ PP(pp_modulo)
        else {
            UV ans;
 
-       do_uv:
            if (!right)
                DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
 
@@ -1197,8 +1252,10 @@ PP(pp_repeat)
        MEXTEND(MARK, max);
        if (count > 1) {
            while (SP > MARK) {
-               if (*SP)
-                   SvTEMP_off((*SP));
+               if (*SP) {
+                   *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
+                   SvREADONLY_on(*SP);
+               }
                SP--;
            }
            MARK++;
@@ -1231,6 +1288,16 @@ PP(pp_repeat)
            (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
        else
            (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
+
+       if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
+           /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
+              are probably several items on the stack. But we're
+              in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
+              now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
+            */
+           dMARK;
+           SP = MARK;
+       }
        PUSHTARG;
     }
     RETURN;
@@ -1249,8 +1316,8 @@ PP(pp_subtract)
        /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
           use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
           we know the left is integer.  */
-       register UV auv;
-       bool auvok;
+       register UV auv = 0;
+       bool auvok = FALSE;
        bool a_valid = 0;
 
        if (!useleft) {
@@ -1280,7 +1347,7 @@ PP(pp_subtract)
            UV result;
            register UV buv;
            bool buvok = SvUOK(TOPs);
-           
+       
            if (buvok)
                buv = SvUVX(TOPs);
            else {
@@ -1703,6 +1770,12 @@ PP(pp_ge)
 PP(pp_ne)
 {
     dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(ne,0);
+#ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
+    if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
+       SETs(boolSV(SvRV(TOPs) != SvRV(TOPm1s)));
+       RETURN;
+    }
+#endif
 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
     SvIV_please(TOPs);
     if (SvIOK(TOPs)) {
@@ -1773,6 +1846,12 @@ PP(pp_ne)
 PP(pp_ncmp)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET; tryAMAGICbin(ncmp,0);
+#ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
+    if (SvROK(TOPs) && SvROK(TOPm1s)) {
+       SETi(PTR2UV(SvRV(TOPs)) - PTR2UV(SvRV(TOPm1s)));
+       RETURN;
+    }
+#endif
 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
     /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
     SvIV_please(TOPs);
@@ -1883,7 +1962,7 @@ PP(pp_slt)
     dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(slt,0);
     {
       dPOPTOPssrl;
-      int cmp = ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE)
+      int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
                 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
                 : sv_cmp(left, right));
       SETs(boolSV(cmp < 0));
@@ -1896,7 +1975,7 @@ PP(pp_sgt)
     dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sgt,0);
     {
       dPOPTOPssrl;
-      int cmp = ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE)
+      int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
                 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
                 : sv_cmp(left, right));
       SETs(boolSV(cmp > 0));
@@ -1909,7 +1988,7 @@ PP(pp_sle)
     dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sle,0);
     {
       dPOPTOPssrl;
-      int cmp = ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE)
+      int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
                 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
                 : sv_cmp(left, right));
       SETs(boolSV(cmp <= 0));
@@ -1922,7 +2001,7 @@ PP(pp_sge)
     dSP; tryAMAGICbinSET(sge,0);
     {
       dPOPTOPssrl;
-      int cmp = ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE)
+      int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
                 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
                 : sv_cmp(left, right));
       SETs(boolSV(cmp >= 0));
@@ -1955,7 +2034,7 @@ PP(pp_scmp)
     dSP; dTARGET;  tryAMAGICbin(scmp,0);
     {
       dPOPTOPssrl;
-      int cmp = ((PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE)
+      int cmp = (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME
                 ? sv_cmp_locale(left, right)
                 : sv_cmp(left, right));
       SETi( cmp );
@@ -2137,7 +2216,7 @@ PP(pp_complement)
 
          send = tmps + len;
          while (tmps < send) {
-           UV c = utf8_to_uv(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
+           UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
            tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
            targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
            nchar++;
@@ -2151,9 +2230,9 @@ PP(pp_complement)
          if (nwide) {
              Newz(0, result, targlen + 1, U8);
              while (tmps < send) {
-                 UV c = utf8_to_uv(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
+                 UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV);
                  tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
-                 result = uv_to_utf8(result, ~c);
+                 result = uvchr_to_utf8(result, ~c);
              }
              *result = '\0';
              result -= targlen;
@@ -2163,7 +2242,7 @@ PP(pp_complement)
          else {
              Newz(0, result, nchar + 1, U8);
              while (tmps < send) {
-                 U8 c = (U8)utf8_to_uv(tmps, 0, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
+                 U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, 0, &l, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
                  tmps += UTF8SKIP(tmps);
                  *result++ = ~c;
              }
@@ -2570,7 +2649,16 @@ PP(pp_int)
                  SETu(U_V(value));
              } else {
 #if defined(HAS_MODFL) || defined(LONG_DOUBLE_EQUALS_DOUBLE)
+#   ifdef HAS_MODFL_POW32_BUG
+/* some versions of glibc split (i + d) into (i-1, d+1) for 2^32 <= i < 2^64 */
+                { 
+                    NV offset = Perl_modf(value, &value);
+                    (void)Perl_modf(offset, &offset);
+                    value += offset;
+                }
+#   else
                  (void)Perl_modf(value, &value);
+#   endif
 #else
                  double tmp = (double)value;
                  (void)Perl_modf(tmp, &tmp);
@@ -2584,7 +2672,16 @@ PP(pp_int)
                  SETi(I_V(value));
              } else {
 #if defined(HAS_MODFL) || defined(LONG_DOUBLE_EQUALS_DOUBLE)
+#   ifdef HAS_MODFL_POW32_BUG
+/* some versions of glibc split (i + d) into (i-1, d+1) for 2^32 <= i < 2^64 */
+                 {
+                     NV offset = Perl_modf(-value, &value);
+                     (void)Perl_modf(offset, &offset);
+                     value += offset;
+                 }
+#   else
                  (void)Perl_modf(-value, &value);
+#   endif
                  value = -value;
 #else
                  double tmp = (double)value;
@@ -2633,40 +2730,54 @@ PP(pp_abs)
     RETURN;
 }
 
+
 PP(pp_hex)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET;
     char *tmps;
-    STRLEN argtype;
-    STRLEN n_a;
+    I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
+    STRLEN len;
+    NV result_nv;
+    UV result_uv;
 
-    tmps = POPpx;
-    argtype = 1;               /* allow underscores */
-    XPUSHn(scan_hex(tmps, 99, &argtype));
+    tmps = (SvPVx(POPs, len));
+    result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
+    if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
+        XPUSHn(result_nv);
+    }
+    else {
+        XPUSHu(result_uv);
+    }
     RETURN;
 }
 
 PP(pp_oct)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET;
-    NV value;
-    STRLEN argtype;
     char *tmps;
-    STRLEN n_a;
+    I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
+    STRLEN len;
+    NV result_nv;
+    UV result_uv;
 
-    tmps = POPpx;
-    while (*tmps && isSPACE(*tmps))
-       tmps++;
+    tmps = (SvPVx(POPs, len));
+    while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
+        tmps++, len--;
     if (*tmps == '0')
-       tmps++;
-    argtype = 1;               /* allow underscores */
+        tmps++, len--;
     if (*tmps == 'x')
-       value = scan_hex(++tmps, 99, &argtype);
+        result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
     else if (*tmps == 'b')
-       value = scan_bin(++tmps, 99, &argtype);
+        result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
     else
-       value = scan_oct(tmps, 99, &argtype);
-    XPUSHn(value);
+        result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
+
+    if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
+        XPUSHn(result_nv);
+    }
+    else {
+        XPUSHu(result_uv);
+    }
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -2688,41 +2799,53 @@ PP(pp_substr)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET;
     SV *sv;
-    I32 len;
+    I32 len = 0;
     STRLEN curlen;
-    STRLEN utfcurlen;
+    STRLEN utf8_curlen;
     I32 pos;
     I32 rem;
     I32 fail;
     I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
     char *tmps;
     I32 arybase = PL_curcop->cop_arybase;
+    SV *repl_sv = NULL;
     char *repl = 0;
     STRLEN repl_len;
     int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
+    bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
+    bool repl_is_utf8 = FALSE;
 
     SvTAINTED_off(TARG);                       /* decontaminate */
     SvUTF8_off(TARG);                          /* decontaminate */
     if (num_args > 2) {
        if (num_args > 3) {
-           sv = POPs;
-           repl = SvPV(sv, repl_len);
+           repl_sv = POPs;
+           repl = SvPV(repl_sv, repl_len);
+           repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && SvCUR(repl_sv);
        }
        len = POPi;
     }
     pos = POPi;
     sv = POPs;
     PUTBACK;
+    if (repl_sv) {
+       if (repl_is_utf8) {
+           if (!DO_UTF8(sv))
+               sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
+       }
+       else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
+           repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
+    }
     tmps = SvPV(sv, curlen);
     if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
-        utfcurlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
-       if (utfcurlen == curlen)
-           utfcurlen = 0;
+        utf8_curlen = sv_len_utf8(sv);
+       if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
+           utf8_curlen = 0;
        else
-           curlen = utfcurlen;
+           curlen = utf8_curlen;
     }
     else
-       utfcurlen = 0;
+       utf8_curlen = 0;
 
     if (pos >= arybase) {
        pos -= arybase;
@@ -2767,14 +2890,30 @@ PP(pp_substr)
     else {
        I32 upos = pos;
        I32 urem = rem;
-       if (utfcurlen)
+       if (utf8_curlen)
            sv_pos_u2b(sv, &pos, &rem);
        tmps += pos;
        sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, rem);
-       if (utfcurlen)
+#ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
+       sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
+#endif
+       if (utf8_curlen)
            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
-       if (repl)
+       if (repl) {
+           SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
+
+           if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
+               repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
+               sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
+               repl = SvPV(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
+               repl_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(repl_sv_copy) && SvCUR(sv);
+           }
            sv_insert(sv, pos, rem, repl, repl_len);
+           if (repl_is_utf8)
+               SvUTF8_on(sv);
+           if (repl_sv_copy)
+               SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
+       }
        else if (lvalue) {              /* it's an lvalue! */
            if (!SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
                if (SvROK(sv)) {
@@ -2792,7 +2931,7 @@ PP(pp_substr)
 
            if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
                sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
-               sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, 'x', Nullch, 0);
+               sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_substr, Nullch, 0);
            }
 
            LvTYPE(TARG) = 'x';
@@ -2822,7 +2961,7 @@ PP(pp_vec)
     if (lvalue) {                      /* it's an lvalue! */
        if (SvTYPE(TARG) < SVt_PVLV) {
            sv_upgrade(TARG, SVt_PVLV);
-           sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, 'v', Nullch, 0);
+           sv_magic(TARG, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_vec, Nullch, 0);
        }
        LvTYPE(TARG) = 'v';
        if (LvTARG(TARG) != src) {
@@ -2921,6 +3060,8 @@ PP(pp_sprintf)
     dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
     do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
     TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
+    if (DO_UTF8(*(MARK+1)))
+       SvUTF8_on(TARG);
     SP = ORIGMARK;
     PUSHTARG;
     RETURN;
@@ -2933,7 +3074,7 @@ PP(pp_ord)
     STRLEN len;
     U8 *s = (U8*)SvPVx(argsv, len);
 
-    XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ? utf8_to_uv_simple(s, 0) : (*s & 0xff));
+    XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv) ? utf8_to_uvchr(s, 0) : (*s & 0xff));
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -2945,9 +3086,9 @@ PP(pp_chr)
 
     (void)SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
 
-    if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTE) {
+    if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
        SvGROW(TARG, UNISKIP(value)+1);
-       tmps = (char*)uv_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value);
+       tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value);
        SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX(TARG));
        *tmps = '\0';
        (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
@@ -2971,12 +3112,28 @@ PP(pp_crypt)
     dSP; dTARGET; dPOPTOPssrl;
     STRLEN n_a;
 #ifdef HAS_CRYPT
-    char *tmps = SvPV(left, n_a);
+    STRLEN len;
+    char *tmps = SvPV(left, len);
+    char *t    = 0;
+    if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
+         /* If Unicode take the crypt() of the low 8 bits
+         * of the characters of the string. */
+        char *s    = tmps;
+        char *send = tmps + len;
+        STRLEN i   = 0;
+        Newz(688, t, len, char);
+        while (s < send) {
+             t[i++] = utf8_to_uvchr((U8*)s, 0) & 0xFF;
+             s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+        }
+        tmps = t;
+    }
 #ifdef FCRYPT
     sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV(right, n_a)));
 #else
     sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV(right, n_a)));
 #endif
+    Safefree(t);
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_
       "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
@@ -2992,32 +3149,27 @@ PP(pp_ucfirst)
     register U8 *s;
     STRLEN slen;
 
-    if (DO_UTF8(sv) && (s = (U8*)SvPV(sv, slen)) && slen && UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
+    if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
        STRLEN ulen;
-       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
-       U8 *tend;
-       UV uv = utf8_to_uv(s, slen, &ulen, 0);
+       STRLEN tculen;
 
-       if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
-           TAINT;
-           SvTAINTED_on(sv);
-           uv = toTITLE_LC_uni(uv);
-       }
-       else
-           uv = toTITLE_utf8(s);
-       
-       tend = uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, uv);
+       s = (U8*)SvPV(sv, slen);
+       utf8_to_uvchr(s, &ulen);
 
-       if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || tend - tmpbuf != ulen || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
+       toTITLE_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &tculen);
+       utf8_to_uvchr(tmpbuf, 0);
+
+       if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
            dTARGET;
-           sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tend - tmpbuf);
+           sv_setpvn(TARG, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
            sv_catpvn(TARG, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
            SETs(TARG);
        }
        else {
            s = (U8*)SvPV_force(sv, slen);
-           Copy(tmpbuf, s, ulen, U8);
+           Copy(tmpbuf, s, tculen, U8);
        }
     }
     else {
@@ -3030,7 +3182,7 @@ PP(pp_ucfirst)
        }
        s = (U8*)SvPV_force(sv, slen);
        if (*s) {
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
+           if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
                TAINT;
                SvTAINTED_on(sv);
                *s = toUPPER_LC(*s);
@@ -3053,19 +3205,14 @@ PP(pp_lcfirst)
 
     if (DO_UTF8(sv) && (s = (U8*)SvPV(sv, slen)) && slen && UTF8_IS_START(*s)) {
        STRLEN ulen;
-       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN+1];
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
        U8 *tend;
-       UV uv = utf8_to_uv(s, slen, &ulen, 0);
+       UV uv;
 
-       if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
-           TAINT;
-           SvTAINTED_on(sv);
-           uv = toLOWER_LC_uni(uv);
-       }
-       else
-           uv = toLOWER_utf8(s);
+       toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
+       uv = utf8_to_uvchr(tmpbuf, 0);
        
-       tend = uv_to_utf8(tmpbuf, uv);
+       tend = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, uv);
 
        if (!SvPADTMP(sv) || tend - tmpbuf != ulen || SvREADONLY(sv)) {
            dTARGET;
@@ -3089,7 +3236,7 @@ PP(pp_lcfirst)
        }
        s = (U8*)SvPV_force(sv, slen);
        if (*s) {
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
+           if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
                TAINT;
                SvTAINTED_on(sv);
                *s = toLOWER_LC(*s);
@@ -3115,6 +3262,7 @@ PP(pp_uc)
        STRLEN ulen;
        register U8 *d;
        U8 *send;
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
 
        s = (U8*)SvPV(sv,len);
        if (!len) {
@@ -3128,19 +3276,11 @@ PP(pp_uc)
            (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
            d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
            send = s + len;
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
-               TAINT;
-               SvTAINTED_on(TARG);
-               while (s < send) {
-                   d = uv_to_utf8(d, toUPPER_LC_uni( utf8_to_uv(s, len, &ulen, 0)));
-                   s += ulen;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               while (s < send) {
-                   d = uv_to_utf8(d, toUPPER_utf8( s ));
-                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
-               }
+           while (s < send) {
+               toUPPER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
+               Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
+               d += ulen;
+               s += UTF8SKIP(s);
            }
            *d = '\0';
            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
@@ -3160,7 +3300,7 @@ PP(pp_uc)
        if (len) {
            register U8 *send = s + len;
 
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
+           if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
                TAINT;
                SvTAINTED_on(sv);
                for (; s < send; s++)
@@ -3189,6 +3329,7 @@ PP(pp_lc)
        STRLEN ulen;
        register U8 *d;
        U8 *send;
+       U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXLEN*2+1];
 
        s = (U8*)SvPV(sv,len);
        if (!len) {
@@ -3202,19 +3343,11 @@ PP(pp_lc)
            (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
            d = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
            send = s + len;
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
-               TAINT;
-               SvTAINTED_on(TARG);
-               while (s < send) {
-                   d = uv_to_utf8(d, toLOWER_LC_uni( utf8_to_uv(s, len, &ulen, 0)));
-                   s += ulen;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               while (s < send) {
-                   d = uv_to_utf8(d, toLOWER_utf8(s));
-                   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
-               }
+           while (s < send) {
+               toLOWER_utf8(s, tmpbuf, &ulen);
+               Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
+               d += ulen;
+               s += UTF8SKIP(s);
            }
            *d = '\0';
            SvUTF8_on(TARG);
@@ -3235,7 +3368,7 @@ PP(pp_lc)
        if (len) {
            register U8 *send = s + len;
 
-           if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLOCALE) {
+           if (IN_LOCALE_RUNTIME) {
                TAINT;
                SvTAINTED_on(sv);
                for (; s < send; s++)
@@ -3507,7 +3640,9 @@ PP(pp_hslice)
        while (++MARK <= SP) {
            SV *keysv = *MARK;
            SV **svp;
-           I32 preeminent = SvRMAGICAL(hv) ? 1 : hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);
+           I32 preeminent = SvRMAGICAL(hv) ? 1 :
+                               realhv ? hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0)
+                                      : avhv_exists_ent((AV*)hv, keysv, 0);
            if (realhv) {
                HE *he = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, lval, 0);
                svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : 0;
@@ -3655,7 +3790,7 @@ PP(pp_splice)
     SV **tmparyval = 0;
     MAGIC *mg;
 
-    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, 'P'))) {
+    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
        *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
        PUSHMARK(MARK);
        PUTBACK;
@@ -3849,7 +3984,7 @@ PP(pp_push)
     register SV *sv = &PL_sv_undef;
     MAGIC *mg;
 
-    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, 'P'))) {
+    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
        *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
        PUSHMARK(MARK);
        PUTBACK;
@@ -3905,7 +4040,7 @@ PP(pp_unshift)
     register I32 i = 0;
     MAGIC *mg;
 
-    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, 'P'))) {
+    if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
        *MARK-- = SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg);
        PUSHMARK(MARK);
        PUTBACK;
@@ -3961,12 +4096,12 @@ PP(pp_reverse)
                U8* s = (U8*)SvPVX(TARG);
                U8* send = (U8*)(s + len);
                while (s < send) {
-                   if (UTF8_IS_ASCII(*s)) {
+                   if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
                        s++;
                        continue;
                    }
                    else {
-                       if (!utf8_to_uv_simple(s, 0))
+                       if (!utf8_to_uvchr(s, 0))
                            break;
                        up = (char*)s;
                        s += UTF8SKIP(s);
@@ -3995,1814 +4130,95 @@ PP(pp_reverse)
     RETURN;
 }
 
-STATIC SV *
-S_mul128(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 m)
+PP(pp_split)
 {
-  STRLEN          len;
-  char           *s = SvPV(sv, len);
-  char           *t;
-  U32             i = 0;
-
-  if (!strnEQ(s, "0000", 4)) {  /* need to grow sv */
-    SV             *tmpNew = newSVpvn("0000000000", 10);
-
-    sv_catsv(tmpNew, sv);
-    SvREFCNT_dec(sv);          /* free old sv */
-    sv = tmpNew;
-    s = SvPV(sv, len);
-  }
-  t = s + len - 1;
-  while (!*t)                   /* trailing '\0'? */
-    t--;
-  while (t > s) {
-    i = ((*t - '0') << 7) + m;
-    *(t--) = '0' + (i % 10);
-    m = i / 10;
-  }
-  return (sv);
-}
-
-/* Explosives and implosives. */
+    dSP; dTARG;
+    AV *ary;
+    register IV limit = POPi;                  /* note, negative is forever */
+    SV *sv = POPs;
+    STRLEN len;
+    register char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
+    bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
+    char *strend = s + len;
+    register PMOP *pm;
+    register REGEXP *rx;
+    register SV *dstr;
+    register char *m;
+    I32 iters = 0;
+    STRLEN slen = do_utf8 ? utf8_length((U8*)s, (U8*)strend) : (strend - s);
+    I32 maxiters = slen + 10;
+    I32 i;
+    char *orig;
+    I32 origlimit = limit;
+    I32 realarray = 0;
+    I32 base;
+    AV *oldstack = PL_curstack;
+    I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
+    I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
+    I32 make_mortal = 1;
+    MAGIC *mg = (MAGIC *) NULL;
 
-#if 'I' == 73 && 'J' == 74
-/* On an ASCII/ISO kind of system */
-#define ISUUCHAR(ch)    ((ch) >= ' ' && (ch) < 'a')
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    Copy(&LvTARGOFF(POPs), &pm, 1, PMOP*);
 #else
-/*
-  Some other sort of character set - use memchr() so we don't match
-  the null byte.
- */
-#define ISUUCHAR(ch)    (memchr(PL_uuemap, (ch), sizeof(PL_uuemap)-1) || (ch) == ' ')
+    pm = (PMOP*)POPs;
 #endif
+    if (!pm || !s)
+       DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_split");
+    rx = PM_GETRE(pm);
 
-PP(pp_unpack)
-{
-    dSP;
-    dPOPPOPssrl;
-    I32 start_sp_offset = SP - PL_stack_base;
-    I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
-    SV *sv;
-    STRLEN llen;
-    STRLEN rlen;
-    register char *pat = SvPV(left, llen);
-    register char *s = SvPV(right, rlen);
-    char *strend = s + rlen;
-    char *strbeg = s;
-    register char *patend = pat + llen;
-    I32 datumtype;
-    register I32 len;
-    register I32 bits;
-    register char *str;
-
-    /* These must not be in registers: */
-    short ashort;
-    int aint;
-    long along;
-#ifdef HAS_QUAD
-    Quad_t aquad;
-#endif
-    U16 aushort;
-    unsigned int auint;
-    U32 aulong;
-#ifdef HAS_QUAD
-    Uquad_t auquad;
-#endif
-    char *aptr;
-    float afloat;
-    double adouble;
-    I32 checksum = 0;
-    register U32 culong;
-    NV cdouble;
-    int commas = 0;
-    int star;
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-    int natint;                /* native integer */
-    int unatint;       /* unsigned native integer */
-#endif
+    TAINT_IF((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) &&
+            (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_WHITE | PMf_SKIPWHITE)));
 
-    if (gimme != G_ARRAY) {            /* arrange to do first one only */
-       /*SUPPRESS 530*/
-       for (patend = pat; !isALPHA(*patend) || *patend == 'x'; patend++) ;
-       if (strchr("aAZbBhHP", *patend) || *pat == '%') {
-           patend++;
-           while (isDIGIT(*patend) || *patend == '*')
-               patend++;
-       }
-       else
-           patend++;
-    }
-    while (pat < patend) {
-      reparse:
-       datumtype = *pat++ & 0xFF;
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-       natint = 0;
-#endif
-       if (isSPACE(datumtype))
-           continue;
-       if (datumtype == '#') {
-           while (pat < patend && *pat != '\n')
-               pat++;
-           continue;
-       }
-       if (*pat == '!') {
-           char *natstr = "sSiIlL";
+    PL_reg_match_utf8 = do_utf8;
 
-           if (strchr(natstr, datumtype)) {
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-               natint = 1;
+    if (pm->op_pmreplroot) {
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+       ary = GvAVn((GV*)PL_curpad[INT2PTR(PADOFFSET, pm->op_pmreplroot)]);
+#else
+       ary = GvAVn((GV*)pm->op_pmreplroot);
 #endif
-               pat++;
+    }
+    else if (gimme != G_ARRAY)
+#ifdef USE_5005THREADS
+       ary = (AV*)PL_curpad[0];
+#else
+       ary = GvAVn(PL_defgv);
+#endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
+    else
+       ary = Nullav;
+    if (ary && (gimme != G_ARRAY || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE))) {
+       realarray = 1;
+       PUTBACK;
+       av_extend(ary,0);
+       av_clear(ary);
+       SPAGAIN;
+       if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
+           PUSHMARK(SP);
+           XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg));
+       }
+       else {
+           if (!AvREAL(ary)) {
+               AvREAL_on(ary);
+               AvREIFY_off(ary);
+               for (i = AvFILLp(ary); i >= 0; i--)
+                   AvARRAY(ary)[i] = &PL_sv_undef;     /* don't free mere refs */
            }
-           else
-               DIE(aTHX_ "'!' allowed only after types %s", natstr);
+           /* temporarily switch stacks */
+           SWITCHSTACK(PL_curstack, ary);
+           make_mortal = 0;
        }
-       star = 0;
-       if (pat >= patend)
-           len = 1;
-       else if (*pat == '*') {
-           len = strend - strbeg;      /* long enough */
-           pat++;
-           star = 1;
+    }
+    base = SP - PL_stack_base;
+    orig = s;
+    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE) {
+       if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) {
+           while (isSPACE_LC(*s))
+               s++;
        }
-       else if (isDIGIT(*pat)) {
-           len = *pat++ - '0';
-           while (isDIGIT(*pat)) {
-               len = (len * 10) + (*pat++ - '0');
-               if (len < 0)
-                   DIE(aTHX_ "Repeat count in unpack overflows");
-           }
-       }
-       else
-           len = (datumtype != '@');
-      redo_switch:
-       switch(datumtype) {
-       default:
-           DIE(aTHX_ "Invalid type in unpack: '%c'", (int)datumtype);
-       case ',': /* grandfather in commas but with a warning */
-           if (commas++ == 0 && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK))
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNPACK,
-                           "Invalid type in unpack: '%c'", (int)datumtype);
-           break;
-       case '%':
-           if (len == 1 && pat[-1] != '1')
-               len = 16;
-           checksum = len;
-           culong = 0;
-           cdouble = 0;
-           if (pat < patend)
-               goto reparse;
-           break;
-       case '@':
-           if (len > strend - strbeg)
-               DIE(aTHX_ "@ outside of string");
-           s = strbeg + len;
-           break;
-       case 'X':
-           if (len > s - strbeg)
-               DIE(aTHX_ "X outside of string");
-           s -= len;
-           break;
-       case 'x':
-           if (len > strend - s)
-               DIE(aTHX_ "x outside of string");
-           s += len;
-           break;
-       case '/':
-           if (start_sp_offset >= SP - PL_stack_base)
-               DIE(aTHX_ "/ must follow a numeric type");
-           datumtype = *pat++;
-           if (*pat == '*')
-               pat++;          /* ignore '*' for compatibility with pack */
-           if (isDIGIT(*pat))
-               DIE(aTHX_ "/ cannot take a count" );
-           len = POPi;
-           star = 0;
-           goto redo_switch;
-       case 'A':
-       case 'Z':
-       case 'a':
-           if (len > strend - s)
-               len = strend - s;
-           if (checksum)
-               goto uchar_checksum;
-           sv = NEWSV(35, len);
-           sv_setpvn(sv, s, len);
-           s += len;
-           if (datumtype == 'A' || datumtype == 'Z') {
-               aptr = s;       /* borrow register */
-               if (datumtype == 'Z') { /* 'Z' strips stuff after first null */
-                   s = SvPVX(sv);
-                   while (*s)
-                       s++;
-               }
-               else {          /* 'A' strips both nulls and spaces */
-                   s = SvPVX(sv) + len - 1;
-                   while (s >= SvPVX(sv) && (!*s || isSPACE(*s)))
-                       s--;
-                   *++s = '\0';
-               }
-               SvCUR_set(sv, s - SvPVX(sv));
-               s = aptr;       /* unborrow register */
-           }
-           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           break;
-       case 'B':
-       case 'b':
-           if (star || len > (strend - s) * 8)
-               len = (strend - s) * 8;
-           if (checksum) {
-               if (!PL_bitcount) {
-                   Newz(601, PL_bitcount, 256, char);
-                   for (bits = 1; bits < 256; bits++) {
-                       if (bits & 1)   PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 2)   PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 4)   PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 8)   PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 16)  PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 32)  PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 64)  PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                       if (bits & 128) PL_bitcount[bits]++;
-                   }
-               }
-               while (len >= 8) {
-                   culong += PL_bitcount[*(unsigned char*)s++];
-                   len -= 8;
-               }
-               if (len) {
-                   bits = *s;
-                   if (datumtype == 'b') {
-                       while (len-- > 0) {
-                           if (bits & 1) culong++;
-                           bits >>= 1;
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       while (len-- > 0) {
-                           if (bits & 128) culong++;
-                           bits <<= 1;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               break;
-           }
-           sv = NEWSV(35, len + 1);
-           SvCUR_set(sv, len);
-           SvPOK_on(sv);
-           str = SvPVX(sv);
-           if (datumtype == 'b') {
-               aint = len;
-               for (len = 0; len < aint; len++) {
-                   if (len & 7)                /*SUPPRESS 595*/
-                       bits >>= 1;
-                   else
-                       bits = *s++;
-                   *str++ = '0' + (bits & 1);
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               aint = len;
-               for (len = 0; len < aint; len++) {
-                   if (len & 7)
-                       bits <<= 1;
-                   else
-                       bits = *s++;
-                   *str++ = '0' + ((bits & 128) != 0);
-               }
-           }
-           *str = '\0';
-           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           break;
-       case 'H':
-       case 'h':
-           if (star || len > (strend - s) * 2)
-               len = (strend - s) * 2;
-           sv = NEWSV(35, len + 1);
-           SvCUR_set(sv, len);
-           SvPOK_on(sv);
-           str = SvPVX(sv);
-           if (datumtype == 'h') {
-               aint = len;
-               for (len = 0; len < aint; len++) {
-                   if (len & 1)
-                       bits >>= 4;
-                   else
-                       bits = *s++;
-                   *str++ = PL_hexdigit[bits & 15];
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               aint = len;
-               for (len = 0; len < aint; len++) {
-                   if (len & 1)
-                       bits <<= 4;
-                   else
-                       bits = *s++;
-                   *str++ = PL_hexdigit[(bits >> 4) & 15];
-               }
-           }
-           *str = '\0';
-           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           break;
-       case 'c':
-           if (len > strend - s)
-               len = strend - s;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   aint = *s++;
-                   if (aint >= 128)    /* fake up signed chars */
-                       aint -= 256;
-                   culong += aint;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   aint = *s++;
-                   if (aint >= 128)    /* fake up signed chars */
-                       aint -= 256;
-                   sv = NEWSV(36, 0);
-                   sv_setiv(sv, (IV)aint);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'C':
-           if (len > strend - s)
-               len = strend - s;
-           if (checksum) {
-             uchar_checksum:
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   auint = *s++ & 255;
-                   culong += auint;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   auint = *s++ & 255;
-                   sv = NEWSV(37, 0);
-                   sv_setiv(sv, (IV)auint);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'U':
-           if (len > strend - s)
-               len = strend - s;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
-                   STRLEN alen;
-                   auint = utf8_to_uv((U8*)s, strend - s, &alen, 0);
-                   along = alen;
-                   s += along;
-                   if (checksum > 32)
-                       cdouble += (NV)auint;
-                   else
-                       culong += auint;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
-                   STRLEN alen;
-                   auint = utf8_to_uv((U8*)s, strend - s, &alen, 0);
-                   along = alen;
-                   s += along;
-                   sv = NEWSV(37, 0);
-                   sv_setuv(sv, (UV)auint);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 's':
-#if SHORTSIZE == SIZE16
-           along = (strend - s) / SIZE16;
-#else
-           along = (strend - s) / (natint ? sizeof(short) : SIZE16);
-#endif
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-               if (natint) {
-                   short ashort;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &ashort, sizeof(short));
-                       s += sizeof(short);
-                       culong += ashort;
-
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY16(s, &ashort);
-#if SHORTSIZE > SIZE16
-                       if (ashort > 32767)
-                         ashort -= 65536;
-#endif
-                       s += SIZE16;
-                       culong += ashort;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-               if (natint) {
-                   short ashort;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &ashort, sizeof(short));
-                       s += sizeof(short);
-                       sv = NEWSV(38, 0);
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (IV)ashort);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY16(s, &ashort);
-#if SHORTSIZE > SIZE16
-                       if (ashort > 32767)
-                         ashort -= 65536;
-#endif
-                       s += SIZE16;
-                       sv = NEWSV(38, 0);
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (IV)ashort);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'v':
-       case 'n':
-       case 'S':
-#if SHORTSIZE == SIZE16
-           along = (strend - s) / SIZE16;
-#else
-           unatint = natint && datumtype == 'S';
-           along = (strend - s) / (unatint ? sizeof(unsigned short) : SIZE16);
-#endif
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-               if (unatint) {
-                   unsigned short aushort;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &aushort, sizeof(unsigned short));
-                       s += sizeof(unsigned short);
-                       culong += aushort;
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY16(s, &aushort);
-                       s += SIZE16;
-#ifdef HAS_NTOHS
-                       if (datumtype == 'n')
-                           aushort = PerlSock_ntohs(aushort);
-#endif
-#ifdef HAS_VTOHS
-                       if (datumtype == 'v')
-                           aushort = vtohs(aushort);
-#endif
-                       culong += aushort;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-               if (unatint) {
-                   unsigned short aushort;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &aushort, sizeof(unsigned short));
-                       s += sizeof(unsigned short);
-                       sv = NEWSV(39, 0);
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (UV)aushort);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY16(s, &aushort);
-                       s += SIZE16;
-                       sv = NEWSV(39, 0);
-#ifdef HAS_NTOHS
-                       if (datumtype == 'n')
-                           aushort = PerlSock_ntohs(aushort);
-#endif
-#ifdef HAS_VTOHS
-                       if (datumtype == 'v')
-                           aushort = vtohs(aushort);
-#endif
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (UV)aushort);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'i':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(int);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &aint, 1, int);
-                   s += sizeof(int);
-                   if (checksum > 32)
-                       cdouble += (NV)aint;
-                   else
-                       culong += aint;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &aint, 1, int);
-                   s += sizeof(int);
-                   sv = NEWSV(40, 0);
-#ifdef __osf__
-                    /* Without the dummy below unpack("i", pack("i",-1))
-                     * return 0xFFffFFff instead of -1 for Digital Unix V4.0
-                     * cc with optimization turned on.
-                    *
-                    * The bug was detected in
-                    * DEC C V5.8-009 on Digital UNIX V4.0 (Rev. 1091) (V4.0E)
-                    * with optimization (-O4) turned on.
-                    * DEC C V5.2-040 on Digital UNIX V4.0 (Rev. 564) (V4.0B)
-                    * does not have this problem even with -O4.
-                    *
-                    * This bug was reported as DECC_BUGS 1431
-                    * and tracked internally as GEM_BUGS 7775.
-                    *
-                    * The bug is fixed in
-                    * Tru64 UNIX V5.0:      Compaq C V6.1-006 or later
-                    * UNIX V4.0F support:   DEC C V5.9-006 or later
-                    * UNIX V4.0E support:   DEC C V5.8-011 or later
-                    * and also in DTK.
-                    *
-                    * See also few lines later for the same bug.
-                    */
-                    (aint) ?
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (IV)aint) :
-#endif
-                   sv_setiv(sv, (IV)aint);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'I':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(unsigned int);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &auint, 1, unsigned int);
-                   s += sizeof(unsigned int);
-                   if (checksum > 32)
-                       cdouble += (NV)auint;
-                   else
-                       culong += auint;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &auint, 1, unsigned int);
-                   s += sizeof(unsigned int);
-                   sv = NEWSV(41, 0);
-#ifdef __osf__
-                    /* Without the dummy below unpack("I", pack("I",0xFFFFFFFF))
-                     * returns 1.84467440737096e+19 instead of 0xFFFFFFFF.
-                    * See details few lines earlier. */
-                    (auint) ?
-                       sv_setuv(sv, (UV)auint) :
-#endif
-                   sv_setuv(sv, (UV)auint);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'l':
-#if LONGSIZE == SIZE32
-           along = (strend - s) / SIZE32;
-#else
-           along = (strend - s) / (natint ? sizeof(long) : SIZE32);
-#endif
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-               if (natint) {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &along, sizeof(long));
-                       s += sizeof(long);
-                       if (checksum > 32)
-                           cdouble += (NV)along;
-                       else
-                           culong += along;
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-#if LONGSIZE > SIZE32 && INTSIZE == SIZE32
-                       I32 along;
-#endif
-                       COPY32(s, &along);
-#if LONGSIZE > SIZE32
-                       if (along > 2147483647)
-                         along -= 4294967296;
-#endif
-                       s += SIZE32;
-                       if (checksum > 32)
-                           cdouble += (NV)along;
-                       else
-                           culong += along;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-               if (natint) {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &along, sizeof(long));
-                       s += sizeof(long);
-                       sv = NEWSV(42, 0);
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (IV)along);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-#if LONGSIZE > SIZE32 && INTSIZE == SIZE32
-                       I32 along;
-#endif
-                       COPY32(s, &along);
-#if LONGSIZE > SIZE32
-                       if (along > 2147483647)
-                         along -= 4294967296;
-#endif
-                       s += SIZE32;
-                       sv = NEWSV(42, 0);
-                       sv_setiv(sv, (IV)along);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'V':
-       case 'N':
-       case 'L':
-#if LONGSIZE == SIZE32
-           along = (strend - s) / SIZE32;
-#else
-           unatint = natint && datumtype == 'L';
-           along = (strend - s) / (unatint ? sizeof(unsigned long) : SIZE32);
-#endif
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-               if (unatint) {
-                   unsigned long aulong;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &aulong, sizeof(unsigned long));
-                       s += sizeof(unsigned long);
-                       if (checksum > 32)
-                           cdouble += (NV)aulong;
-                       else
-                           culong += aulong;
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY32(s, &aulong);
-                       s += SIZE32;
-#ifdef HAS_NTOHL
-                       if (datumtype == 'N')
-                           aulong = PerlSock_ntohl(aulong);
-#endif
-#ifdef HAS_VTOHL
-                       if (datumtype == 'V')
-                           aulong = vtohl(aulong);
-#endif
-                       if (checksum > 32)
-                           cdouble += (NV)aulong;
-                       else
-                           culong += aulong;
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-               if (unatint) {
-                   unsigned long aulong;
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPYNN(s, &aulong, sizeof(unsigned long));
-                       s += sizeof(unsigned long);
-                       sv = NEWSV(43, 0);
-                       sv_setuv(sv, (UV)aulong);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-               else
-#endif
-                {
-                   while (len-- > 0) {
-                       COPY32(s, &aulong);
-                       s += SIZE32;
-#ifdef HAS_NTOHL
-                       if (datumtype == 'N')
-                           aulong = PerlSock_ntohl(aulong);
-#endif
-#ifdef HAS_VTOHL
-                       if (datumtype == 'V')
-                           aulong = vtohl(aulong);
-#endif
-                       sv = NEWSV(43, 0);
-                       sv_setuv(sv, (UV)aulong);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                   }
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'p':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(char*);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           EXTEND(SP, len);
-           EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               if (sizeof(char*) > strend - s)
-                   break;
-               else {
-                   Copy(s, &aptr, 1, char*);
-                   s += sizeof(char*);
-               }
-               sv = NEWSV(44, 0);
-               if (aptr)
-                   sv_setpv(sv, aptr);
-               PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'w':
-           EXTEND(SP, len);
-           EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-           {
-               UV auv = 0;
-               U32 bytes = 0;
-               
-               while ((len > 0) && (s < strend)) {
-                   auv = (auv << 7) | (*s & 0x7f);
-                   if (UTF8_IS_ASCII(*s++)) {
-                       bytes = 0;
-                       sv = NEWSV(40, 0);
-                       sv_setuv(sv, auv);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                       len--;
-                       auv = 0;
-                   }
-                   else if (++bytes >= sizeof(UV)) {   /* promote to string */
-                       char *t;
-                       STRLEN n_a;
-
-                       sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%.*"UVf, (int)TYPE_DIGITS(UV), auv);
-                       while (s < strend) {
-                           sv = mul128(sv, *s & 0x7f);
-                           if (!(*s++ & 0x80)) {
-                               bytes = 0;
-                               break;
-                           }
-                       }
-                       t = SvPV(sv, n_a);
-                       while (*t == '0')
-                           t++;
-                       sv_chop(sv, t);
-                       PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-                       len--;
-                       auv = 0;
-                   }
-               }
-               if ((s >= strend) && bytes)
-                   DIE(aTHX_ "Unterminated compressed integer");
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'P':
-           EXTEND(SP, 1);
-           if (sizeof(char*) > strend - s)
-               break;
-           else {
-               Copy(s, &aptr, 1, char*);
-               s += sizeof(char*);
-           }
-           sv = NEWSV(44, 0);
-           if (aptr)
-               sv_setpvn(sv, aptr, len);
-           PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           break;
-#ifdef HAS_QUAD
-       case 'q':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(Quad_t);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           EXTEND(SP, len);
-           EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               if (s + sizeof(Quad_t) > strend)
-                   aquad = 0;
-               else {
-                   Copy(s, &aquad, 1, Quad_t);
-                   s += sizeof(Quad_t);
-               }
-               sv = NEWSV(42, 0);
-               if (aquad >= IV_MIN && aquad <= IV_MAX)
-                   sv_setiv(sv, (IV)aquad);
-               else
-                   sv_setnv(sv, (NV)aquad);
-               PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'Q':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(Quad_t);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           EXTEND(SP, len);
-           EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               if (s + sizeof(Uquad_t) > strend)
-                   auquad = 0;
-               else {
-                   Copy(s, &auquad, 1, Uquad_t);
-                   s += sizeof(Uquad_t);
-               }
-               sv = NEWSV(43, 0);
-               if (auquad <= UV_MAX)
-                   sv_setuv(sv, (UV)auquad);
-               else
-                   sv_setnv(sv, (NV)auquad);
-               PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           }
-           break;
-#endif
-       /* float and double added gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
-       case 'f':
-       case 'F':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(float);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &afloat, 1, float);
-                   s += sizeof(float);
-                   cdouble += afloat;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &afloat, 1, float);
-                   s += sizeof(float);
-                   sv = NEWSV(47, 0);
-                   sv_setnv(sv, (NV)afloat);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'd':
-       case 'D':
-           along = (strend - s) / sizeof(double);
-           if (len > along)
-               len = along;
-           if (checksum) {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &adouble, 1, double);
-                   s += sizeof(double);
-                   cdouble += adouble;
-               }
-           }
-           else {
-               EXTEND(SP, len);
-               EXTEND_MORTAL(len);
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   Copy(s, &adouble, 1, double);
-                   s += sizeof(double);
-                   sv = NEWSV(48, 0);
-                   sv_setnv(sv, (NV)adouble);
-                   PUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'u':
-           /* MKS:
-            * Initialise the decode mapping.  By using a table driven
-             * algorithm, the code will be character-set independent
-             * (and just as fast as doing character arithmetic)
-             */
-            if (PL_uudmap['M'] == 0) {
-                int i;
-
-                for (i = 0; i < sizeof(PL_uuemap); i += 1)
-                    PL_uudmap[(U8)PL_uuemap[i]] = i;
-                /*
-                 * Because ' ' and '`' map to the same value,
-                 * we need to decode them both the same.
-                 */
-                PL_uudmap[' '] = 0;
-            }
-
-           along = (strend - s) * 3 / 4;
-           sv = NEWSV(42, along);
-           if (along)
-               SvPOK_on(sv);
-           while (s < strend && *s > ' ' && ISUUCHAR(*s)) {
-               I32 a, b, c, d;
-               char hunk[4];
-
-               hunk[3] = '\0';
-               len = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
-               while (len > 0) {
-                   if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
-                       a = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
-                   else
-                       a = 0;
-                   if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
-                       b = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
-                   else
-                       b = 0;
-                   if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
-                       c = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
-                   else
-                       c = 0;
-                   if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
-                       d = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
-                   else
-                       d = 0;
-                   hunk[0] = (a << 2) | (b >> 4);
-                   hunk[1] = (b << 4) | (c >> 2);
-                   hunk[2] = (c << 6) | d;
-                   sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
-                   len -= 3;
-               }
-               if (*s == '\n')
-                   s++;
-               else if (s[1] == '\n')          /* possible checksum byte */
-                   s += 2;
-           }
-           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           break;
-       }
-       if (checksum) {
-           sv = NEWSV(42, 0);
-           if (strchr("fFdD", datumtype) ||
-             (checksum > 32 && strchr("iIlLNU", datumtype)) ) {
-               NV trouble;
-
-               adouble = 1.0;
-               while (checksum >= 16) {
-                   checksum -= 16;
-                   adouble *= 65536.0;
-               }
-               while (checksum >= 4) {
-                   checksum -= 4;
-                   adouble *= 16.0;
-               }
-               while (checksum--)
-                   adouble *= 2.0;
-               along = (1 << checksum) - 1;
-               while (cdouble < 0.0)
-                   cdouble += adouble;
-               cdouble = Perl_modf(cdouble / adouble, &trouble) * adouble;
-               sv_setnv(sv, cdouble);
-           }
-           else {
-               if (checksum < 32) {
-                   aulong = (1 << checksum) - 1;
-                   culong &= aulong;
-               }
-               sv_setuv(sv, (UV)culong);
-           }
-           XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-           checksum = 0;
-       }
-    }
-    if (SP - PL_stack_base == start_sp_offset && gimme == G_SCALAR)
-       PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
-    RETURN;
-}
-
-STATIC void
-S_doencodes(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register char *s, register I32 len)
-{
-    char hunk[5];
-
-    *hunk = PL_uuemap[len];
-    sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, 1);
-    hunk[4] = '\0';
-    while (len > 2) {
-       hunk[0] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (*s >> 2))];
-       hunk[1] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((*s << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017)))];
-       hunk[2] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | ((s[2] >> 6) & 03)))];
-       hunk[3] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[2] & 077))];
-       sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, 4);
-       s += 3;
-       len -= 3;
-    }
-    if (len > 0) {
-       char r = (len > 1 ? s[1] : '\0');
-       hunk[0] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (*s >> 2))];
-       hunk[1] = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((*s << 4) & 060) | ((r >> 4) & 017)))];
-       hunk[2] = PL_uuemap[(077 & ((r << 2) & 074))];
-       hunk[3] = PL_uuemap[0];
-       sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, 4);
-    }
-    sv_catpvn(sv, "\n", 1);
-}
-
-STATIC SV *
-S_is_an_int(pTHX_ char *s, STRLEN l)
-{
-  STRLEN        n_a;
-  SV             *result = newSVpvn(s, l);
-  char           *result_c = SvPV(result, n_a);        /* convenience */
-  char           *out = result_c;
-  bool            skip = 1;
-  bool            ignore = 0;
-
-  while (*s) {
-    switch (*s) {
-    case ' ':
-      break;
-    case '+':
-      if (!skip) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(result);
-       return (NULL);
-      }
-      break;
-    case '0':
-    case '1':
-    case '2':
-    case '3':
-    case '4':
-    case '5':
-    case '6':
-    case '7':
-    case '8':
-    case '9':
-      skip = 0;
-      if (!ignore) {
-       *(out++) = *s;
-      }
-      break;
-    case '.':
-      ignore = 1;
-      break;
-    default:
-      SvREFCNT_dec(result);
-      return (NULL);
-    }
-    s++;
-  }
-  *(out++) = '\0';
-  SvCUR_set(result, out - result_c);
-  return (result);
-}
-
-/* pnum must be '\0' terminated */
-STATIC int
-S_div128(pTHX_ SV *pnum, bool *done)
-{
-  STRLEN          len;
-  char           *s = SvPV(pnum, len);
-  int             m = 0;
-  int             r = 0;
-  char           *t = s;
-
-  *done = 1;
-  while (*t) {
-    int             i;
-
-    i = m * 10 + (*t - '0');
-    m = i & 0x7F;
-    r = (i >> 7);              /* r < 10 */
-    if (r) {
-      *done = 0;
-    }
-    *(t++) = '0' + r;
-  }
-  *(t++) = '\0';
-  SvCUR_set(pnum, (STRLEN) (t - s));
-  return (m);
-}
-
-
-PP(pp_pack)
-{
-    dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
-    register SV *cat = TARG;
-    register I32 items;
-    STRLEN fromlen;
-    register char *pat = SvPVx(*++MARK, fromlen);
-    char *patcopy;
-    register char *patend = pat + fromlen;
-    register I32 len;
-    I32 datumtype;
-    SV *fromstr;
-    /*SUPPRESS 442*/
-    static char null10[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
-    static char *space10 = "          ";
-
-    /* These must not be in registers: */
-    char achar;
-    I16 ashort;
-    int aint;
-    unsigned int auint;
-    I32 along;
-    U32 aulong;
-#ifdef HAS_QUAD
-    Quad_t aquad;
-    Uquad_t auquad;
-#endif
-    char *aptr;
-    float afloat;
-    double adouble;
-    int commas = 0;
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-    int natint;                /* native integer */
-#endif
-
-    items = SP - MARK;
-    MARK++;
-    sv_setpvn(cat, "", 0);
-    patcopy = pat;
-    while (pat < patend) {
-       SV *lengthcode = Nullsv;
-#define NEXTFROM ( lengthcode ? lengthcode : items-- > 0 ? *MARK++ : &PL_sv_no)
-       datumtype = *pat++ & 0xFF;
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-       natint = 0;
-#endif
-       if (isSPACE(datumtype)) {
-           patcopy++;
-           continue;
-        }
-       if (datumtype == 'U' && pat == patcopy+1)
-           SvUTF8_on(cat);
-       if (datumtype == '#') {
-           while (pat < patend && *pat != '\n')
-               pat++;
-           continue;
-       }
-        if (*pat == '!') {
-           char *natstr = "sSiIlL";
-
-           if (strchr(natstr, datumtype)) {
-#ifdef PERL_NATINT_PACK
-               natint = 1;
-#endif
-               pat++;
-           }
-           else
-               DIE(aTHX_ "'!' allowed only after types %s", natstr);
-       }
-       if (*pat == '*') {
-           len = strchr("@Xxu", datumtype) ? 0 : items;
-           pat++;
-       }
-       else if (isDIGIT(*pat)) {
-           len = *pat++ - '0';
-           while (isDIGIT(*pat)) {
-               len = (len * 10) + (*pat++ - '0');
-               if (len < 0)
-                   DIE(aTHX_ "Repeat count in pack overflows");
-           }
-       }
-       else
-           len = 1;
-       if (*pat == '/') {
-           ++pat;
-           if ((*pat != 'a' && *pat != 'A' && *pat != 'Z') || pat[1] != '*')
-               DIE(aTHX_ "/ must be followed by a*, A* or Z*");
-           lengthcode = sv_2mortal(newSViv(sv_len(items > 0
-                                                  ? *MARK : &PL_sv_no)
-                                            + (*pat == 'Z' ? 1 : 0)));
-       }
-       switch(datumtype) {
-       default:
-           DIE(aTHX_ "Invalid type in pack: '%c'", (int)datumtype);
-       case ',': /* grandfather in commas but with a warning */
-           if (commas++ == 0 && ckWARN(WARN_PACK))
-               Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PACK,
-                           "Invalid type in pack: '%c'", (int)datumtype);
-           break;
-       case '%':
-           DIE(aTHX_ "%% may only be used in unpack");
-       case '@':
-           len -= SvCUR(cat);
-           if (len > 0)
-               goto grow;
-           len = -len;
-           if (len > 0)
-               goto shrink;
-           break;
-       case 'X':
-         shrink:
-           if (SvCUR(cat) < len)
-               DIE(aTHX_ "X outside of string");
-           SvCUR(cat) -= len;
-           *SvEND(cat) = '\0';
-           break;
-       case 'x':
-         grow:
-           while (len >= 10) {
-               sv_catpvn(cat, null10, 10);
-               len -= 10;
-           }
-           sv_catpvn(cat, null10, len);
-           break;
-       case 'A':
-       case 'Z':
-       case 'a':
-           fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-           aptr = SvPV(fromstr, fromlen);
-           if (pat[-1] == '*') {
-               len = fromlen;
-               if (datumtype == 'Z')
-                   ++len;
-           }
-           if (fromlen >= len) {
-               sv_catpvn(cat, aptr, len);
-               if (datumtype == 'Z')
-                   *(SvEND(cat)-1) = '\0';
-           }
-           else {
-               sv_catpvn(cat, aptr, fromlen);
-               len -= fromlen;
-               if (datumtype == 'A') {
-                   while (len >= 10) {
-                       sv_catpvn(cat, space10, 10);
-                       len -= 10;
-                   }
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, space10, len);
-               }
-               else {
-                   while (len >= 10) {
-                       sv_catpvn(cat, null10, 10);
-                       len -= 10;
-                   }
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, null10, len);
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'B':
-       case 'b':
-           {
-               register char *str;
-               I32 saveitems;
-
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               saveitems = items;
-               str = SvPV(fromstr, fromlen);
-               if (pat[-1] == '*')
-                   len = fromlen;
-               aint = SvCUR(cat);
-               SvCUR(cat) += (len+7)/8;
-               SvGROW(cat, SvCUR(cat) + 1);
-               aptr = SvPVX(cat) + aint;
-               if (len > fromlen)
-                   len = fromlen;
-               aint = len;
-               items = 0;
-               if (datumtype == 'B') {
-                   for (len = 0; len++ < aint;) {
-                       items |= *str++ & 1;
-                       if (len & 7)
-                           items <<= 1;
-                       else {
-                           *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-                           items = 0;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               else {
-                   for (len = 0; len++ < aint;) {
-                       if (*str++ & 1)
-                           items |= 128;
-                       if (len & 7)
-                           items >>= 1;
-                       else {
-                           *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-                           items = 0;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               if (aint & 7) {
-                   if (datumtype == 'B')
-                       items <<= 7 - (aint & 7);
-                   else
-                       items >>= 7 - (aint & 7);
-                   *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-               }
-               str = SvPVX(cat) + SvCUR(cat);
-               while (aptr <= str)
-                   *aptr++ = '\0';
-
-               items = saveitems;
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'H':
-       case 'h':
-           {
-               register char *str;
-               I32 saveitems;
-
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               saveitems = items;
-               str = SvPV(fromstr, fromlen);
-               if (pat[-1] == '*')
-                   len = fromlen;
-               aint = SvCUR(cat);
-               SvCUR(cat) += (len+1)/2;
-               SvGROW(cat, SvCUR(cat) + 1);
-               aptr = SvPVX(cat) + aint;
-               if (len > fromlen)
-                   len = fromlen;
-               aint = len;
-               items = 0;
-               if (datumtype == 'H') {
-                   for (len = 0; len++ < aint;) {
-                       if (isALPHA(*str))
-                           items |= ((*str++ & 15) + 9) & 15;
-                       else
-                           items |= *str++ & 15;
-                       if (len & 1)
-                           items <<= 4;
-                       else {
-                           *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-                           items = 0;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               else {
-                   for (len = 0; len++ < aint;) {
-                       if (isALPHA(*str))
-                           items |= (((*str++ & 15) + 9) & 15) << 4;
-                       else
-                           items |= (*str++ & 15) << 4;
-                       if (len & 1)
-                           items >>= 4;
-                       else {
-                           *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-                           items = 0;
-                       }
-                   }
-               }
-               if (aint & 1)
-                   *aptr++ = items & 0xff;
-               str = SvPVX(cat) + SvCUR(cat);
-               while (aptr <= str)
-                   *aptr++ = '\0';
-
-               items = saveitems;
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'C':
-       case 'c':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               aint = SvIV(fromstr);
-               achar = aint;
-               sv_catpvn(cat, &achar, sizeof(char));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'U':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               auint = SvUV(fromstr);
-               SvGROW(cat, SvCUR(cat) + UTF8_MAXLEN + 1);
-               SvCUR_set(cat, (char*)uv_to_utf8((U8*)SvEND(cat),auint)
-                              - SvPVX(cat));
-           }
-           *SvEND(cat) = '\0';
-           break;
-       /* Float and double added by gnb@melba.bby.oz.au  22/11/89 */
-       case 'f':
-       case 'F':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               afloat = (float)SvNV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&afloat, sizeof (float));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'd':
-       case 'D':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               adouble = (double)SvNV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&adouble, sizeof (double));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'n':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               ashort = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
-#ifdef HAS_HTONS
-               ashort = PerlSock_htons(ashort);
-#endif
-               CAT16(cat, &ashort);
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'v':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               ashort = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
-#ifdef HAS_HTOVS
-               ashort = htovs(ashort);
-#endif
-               CAT16(cat, &ashort);
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'S':
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-           if (natint) {
-               unsigned short aushort;
-
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   aushort = SvUV(fromstr);
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&aushort, sizeof(unsigned short));
-               }
-           }
-           else
-#endif
-            {
-               U16 aushort;
-
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   aushort = (U16)SvUV(fromstr);
-                   CAT16(cat, &aushort);
-               }
-
-           }
-           break;
-       case 's':
-#if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
-           if (natint) {
-               short ashort;
-
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   ashort = SvIV(fromstr);
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&ashort, sizeof(short));
-               }
-           }
-           else
-#endif
-            {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   ashort = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
-                   CAT16(cat, &ashort);
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'I':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               auint = SvUV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char*)&auint, sizeof(unsigned int));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'w':
-            while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               adouble = Perl_floor(SvNV(fromstr));
-
-               if (adouble < 0)
-                   DIE(aTHX_ "Cannot compress negative numbers");
-
-               if (
-#if UVSIZE > 4 && UVSIZE >= NVSIZE
-                   adouble <= 0xffffffff
-#else
-#   ifdef CXUX_BROKEN_CONSTANT_CONVERT
-                   adouble <= UV_MAX_cxux
-#   else
-                   adouble <= UV_MAX
-#   endif
-#endif
-                   )
-               {
-                   char   buf[1 + sizeof(UV)];
-                   char  *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
-                   UV     auv = U_V(adouble);
-
-                   do {
-                       *--in = (auv & 0x7f) | 0x80;
-                       auv >>= 7;
-                   } while (auv);
-                   buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
-               }
-               else if (SvPOKp(fromstr)) {  /* decimal string arithmetics */
-                   char           *from, *result, *in;
-                   SV             *norm;
-                   STRLEN          len;
-                   bool            done;
-
-                   /* Copy string and check for compliance */
-                   from = SvPV(fromstr, len);
-                   if ((norm = is_an_int(from, len)) == NULL)
-                       DIE(aTHX_ "can compress only unsigned integer");
-
-                   New('w', result, len, char);
-                   in = result + len;
-                   done = FALSE;
-                   while (!done)
-                       *--in = div128(norm, &done) | 0x80;
-                   result[len - 1] &= 0x7F; /* clear continue bit */
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, in, (result + len) - in);
-                   Safefree(result);
-                   SvREFCNT_dec(norm); /* free norm */
-                }
-               else if (SvNOKp(fromstr)) {
-                   char   buf[sizeof(double) * 2];     /* 8/7 <= 2 */
-                   char  *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
-
-                   do {
-                       double next = floor(adouble / 128);
-                       *--in = (unsigned char)(adouble - (next * 128)) | 0x80;
-                       if (in <= buf)  /* this cannot happen ;-) */
-                           DIE(aTHX_ "Cannot compress integer");
-                       in--;
-                       adouble = next;
-                   } while (adouble > 0);
-                   buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
-               }
-               else
-                   DIE(aTHX_ "Cannot compress non integer");
-           }
-            break;
-       case 'i':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               aint = SvIV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char*)&aint, sizeof(int));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'N':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
-#ifdef HAS_HTONL
-               aulong = PerlSock_htonl(aulong);
-#endif
-               CAT32(cat, &aulong);
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'V':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
-#ifdef HAS_HTOVL
-               aulong = htovl(aulong);
-#endif
-               CAT32(cat, &aulong);
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'L':
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-           if (natint) {
-               unsigned long aulong;
-
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&aulong, sizeof(unsigned long));
-               }
-           }
-           else
-#endif
-            {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
-                   CAT32(cat, &aulong);
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'l':
-#if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
-           if (natint) {
-               long along;
-
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   along = SvIV(fromstr);
-                   sv_catpvn(cat, (char *)&along, sizeof(long));
-               }
-           }
-           else
-#endif
-            {
-               while (len-- > 0) {
-                   fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-                   along = SvIV(fromstr);
-                   CAT32(cat, &along);
-               }
-           }
-           break;
-#ifdef HAS_QUAD
-       case 'Q':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               auquad = (Uquad_t)SvUV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char*)&auquad, sizeof(Uquad_t));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'q':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               aquad = (Quad_t)SvIV(fromstr);
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char*)&aquad, sizeof(Quad_t));
-           }
-           break;
-#endif
-       case 'P':
-           len = 1;            /* assume SV is correct length */
-           /* FALL THROUGH */
-       case 'p':
-           while (len-- > 0) {
-               fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-               if (fromstr == &PL_sv_undef)
-                   aptr = NULL;
-               else {
-                   STRLEN n_a;
-                   /* XXX better yet, could spirit away the string to
-                    * a safe spot and hang on to it until the result
-                    * of pack() (and all copies of the result) are
-                    * gone.
-                    */
-                   if (ckWARN(WARN_PACK) && (SvTEMP(fromstr)
-                                               || (SvPADTMP(fromstr)
-                                                   && !SvREADONLY(fromstr))))
-                   {
-                       Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PACK,
-                               "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value");
-                   }
-                   if (SvPOK(fromstr) || SvNIOK(fromstr))
-                       aptr = SvPV(fromstr,n_a);
-                   else
-                       aptr = SvPV_force(fromstr,n_a);
-               }
-               sv_catpvn(cat, (char*)&aptr, sizeof(char*));
-           }
-           break;
-       case 'u':
-           fromstr = NEXTFROM;
-           aptr = SvPV(fromstr, fromlen);
-           SvGROW(cat, fromlen * 4 / 3);
-           if (len <= 1)
-               len = 45;
-           else
-               len = len / 3 * 3;
-           while (fromlen > 0) {
-               I32 todo;
-
-               if (fromlen > len)
-                   todo = len;
-               else
-                   todo = fromlen;
-               doencodes(cat, aptr, todo);
-               fromlen -= todo;
-               aptr += todo;
-           }
-           break;
-       }
-    }
-    SvSETMAGIC(cat);
-    SP = ORIGMARK;
-    PUSHs(cat);
-    RETURN;
-}
-#undef NEXTFROM
-
-
-PP(pp_split)
-{
-    dSP; dTARG;
-    AV *ary;
-    register IV limit = POPi;                  /* note, negative is forever */
-    SV *sv = POPs;
-    STRLEN len;
-    register char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
-    bool do_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
-    char *strend = s + len;
-    register PMOP *pm;
-    register REGEXP *rx;
-    register SV *dstr;
-    register char *m;
-    I32 iters = 0;
-    STRLEN slen = do_utf8 ? utf8_length((U8*)s, (U8*)strend) : (strend - s);
-    I32 maxiters = slen + 10;
-    I32 i;
-    char *orig;
-    I32 origlimit = limit;
-    I32 realarray = 0;
-    I32 base;
-    AV *oldstack = PL_curstack;
-    I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
-    I32 oldsave = PL_savestack_ix;
-    I32 make_mortal = 1;
-    MAGIC *mg = (MAGIC *) NULL;
-
-#ifdef DEBUGGING
-    Copy(&LvTARGOFF(POPs), &pm, 1, PMOP*);
-#else
-    pm = (PMOP*)POPs;
-#endif
-    if (!pm || !s)
-       DIE(aTHX_ "panic: pp_split");
-    rx = pm->op_pmregexp;
-
-    TAINT_IF((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) &&
-            (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_WHITE | PMf_SKIPWHITE)));
-
-    if (pm->op_pmreplroot) {
-#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
-       ary = GvAVn((GV*)PL_curpad[(PADOFFSET)pm->op_pmreplroot]);
-#else
-       ary = GvAVn((GV*)pm->op_pmreplroot);
-#endif
-    }
-    else if (gimme != G_ARRAY)
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-       ary = (AV*)PL_curpad[0];
-#else
-       ary = GvAVn(PL_defgv);
-#endif /* USE_THREADS */
-    else
-       ary = Nullav;
-    if (ary && (gimme != G_ARRAY || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE))) {
-       realarray = 1;
-       PUTBACK;
-       av_extend(ary,0);
-       av_clear(ary);
-       SPAGAIN;
-       if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)ary, 'P'))) {
-           PUSHMARK(SP);
-           XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)ary, mg));
-       }
-       else {
-           if (!AvREAL(ary)) {
-               AvREAL_on(ary);
-               AvREIFY_off(ary);
-               for (i = AvFILLp(ary); i >= 0; i--)
-                   AvARRAY(ary)[i] = &PL_sv_undef;     /* don't free mere refs */
-           }
-           /* temporarily switch stacks */
-           SWITCHSTACK(PL_curstack, ary);
-           make_mortal = 0;
-       }
-    }
-    base = SP - PL_stack_base;
-    orig = s;
-    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE) {
-       if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_LOCALE) {
-           while (isSPACE_LC(*s))
-               s++;
-       }
-       else {
-           while (isSPACE(*s))
-               s++;
+       else {
+           while (isSPACE(*s))
+               s++;
        }
     }
     if (pm->op_pmflags & (PMf_MULTILINE|PMf_SINGLELINE)) {
@@ -5937,12 +4353,16 @@ PP(pp_split)
                for (i = 1; i <= rx->nparens; i++) {
                    s = rx->startp[i] + orig;
                    m = rx->endp[i] + orig;
-                   if (m && s) {
+
+                   /* japhy (07/27/01) -- the (m && s) test doesn't catch
+                      parens that didn't match -- they should be set to
+                      undef, not the empty string */
+                   if (m >= orig && s >= orig) {
                        dstr = NEWSV(33, m-s);
                        sv_setpvn(dstr, s, m-s);
                    }
                    else
-                       dstr = NEWSV(33, 0);
+                       dstr = &PL_sv_undef;  /* undef, not "" */
                    if (make_mortal)
                        sv_2mortal(dstr);
                    if (do_utf8)
@@ -6020,11 +4440,11 @@ PP(pp_split)
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#ifdef USE_5005THREADS
 void
 Perl_unlock_condpair(pTHX_ void *svv)
 {
-    MAGIC *mg = mg_find((SV*)svv, 'm');
+    MAGIC *mg = mg_find((SV*)svv, PERL_MAGIC_mutex);
 
     if (!mg)
        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: unlock_condpair unlocking non-mutex");
@@ -6034,19 +4454,24 @@ Perl_unlock_condpair(pTHX_ void *svv)
     MgOWNER(mg) = 0;
     COND_SIGNAL(MgOWNERCONDP(mg));
     DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf": unlock 0x%"UVxf"\n",
-                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(svv));)
+                         PTR2UV(thr), PTR2UV(svv)));
     MUTEX_UNLOCK(MgMUTEXP(mg));
 }
-#endif /* USE_THREADS */
+#endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
 
 PP(pp_lock)
 {
     dSP;
     dTOPss;
     SV *retsv = sv;
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#ifdef USE_5005THREADS
     sv_lock(sv);
-#endif /* USE_THREADS */
+#endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
+#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
+    shared_sv *ssv = Perl_sharedsv_find(aTHX_ sv);
+    if(ssv)
+        Perl_sharedsv_lock(aTHX_ ssv);
+#endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
     if (SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVAV || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVHV
        || SvTYPE(retsv) == SVt_PVCV) {
        retsv = refto(retsv);
@@ -6057,7 +4482,7 @@ PP(pp_lock)
 
 PP(pp_threadsv)
 {
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#ifdef USE_5005THREADS
     dSP;
     EXTEND(SP, 1);
     if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
@@ -6067,5 +4492,5 @@ PP(pp_threadsv)
     RETURN;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ "tried to access per-thread data in non-threaded perl");
-#endif /* USE_THREADS */
+#endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
 }