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regcomp.c: Use inRANGE macro
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 0564fcc..f77e5ca 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ struct RExC_state_t {
 /* Change from /d into /u rules, and restart the parse.  RExC_uni_semantics is
  * a flag that indicates we need to override /d with /u as a result of
  * something in the pattern.  It should only be used in regards to calling
- * set_regex_charset() or get_regex_charse() */
+ * set_regex_charset() or get_regex_charset() */
 #define REQUIRE_UNI_RULES(flagp, restart_retval)                            \
     STMT_START {                                                            \
             if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                        \
@@ -850,7 +850,8 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
 #define UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(loc)                                        \
     STMT_START {                                                        \
         if (TO_OUTPUT_WARNINGS(loc)) {                                  \
-            RExC_latest_warn_offset = (xI(loc)) - RExC_precomp;         \
+            RExC_latest_warn_offset = MAX(sI, MIN(eI, xI(loc)))         \
+                                                       - RExC_precomp;  \
         }                                                               \
     } STMT_END
 
@@ -1587,7 +1588,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     unsigned int i;
     const U32 n = ARG(node);
     bool new_node_has_latin1 = FALSE;
-    const U8 flags = (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr))
+    const U8 flags = (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb))
                       ? 0
                       : ANYOF_FLAGS(node);
 
@@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@ S_get_ANYOF_cp_list_for_ssc(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
     }
 
     /* Add in the points from the bit map */
-    if (! inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+    if (! inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
         for (i = 0; i < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS; i++) {
             if (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(node, i)) {
                 unsigned int start = i++;
@@ -1729,7 +1730,7 @@ S_ssc_and(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
      * another SSC or a regular ANYOF class.  Can create false positives. */
 
     SV* anded_cp_list;
-    U8  and_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(and_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+    U8  and_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(and_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)
                           ? 0
                           : ANYOF_FLAGS(and_with);
     U8  anded_flags;
@@ -1915,7 +1916,7 @@ S_ssc_or(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc,
 
     SV* ored_cp_list;
     U8 ored_flags;
-    U8  or_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(or_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+    U8  or_with_flags = inRANGE(OP(or_with), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)
                          ? 0
                          : ANYOF_FLAGS(or_with);
 
@@ -2141,6 +2142,7 @@ S_ssc_finalize(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_ssc *ssc)
     populate_ANYOF_from_invlist( (regnode *) ssc, &invlist);
 
     set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, (regnode *) ssc, invlist, NULL, NULL);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(invlist);
 
     /* Make sure is clone-safe */
     ssc->invlist = NULL;
@@ -2701,7 +2703,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 #endif
 
     switch (flags) {
-        case EXACT: case EXACT_ONLY8: case EXACTL: break;
+        case EXACT: case EXACT_REQ8: case EXACTL: break;
        case EXACTFAA:
         case EXACTFUP:
        case EXACTFU:
@@ -2716,7 +2718,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
     trie->wordcount = word_count;
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot ] = (void*)trie;
     trie->charmap = (U16 *) PerlMemShared_calloc( 256, sizeof(U16) );
-    if (flags == EXACT || flags == EXACT_ONLY8 || flags == EXACTL)
+    if (flags == EXACT || flags == EXACT_REQ8 || flags == EXACTL)
        trie->bitmap = (char *) PerlMemShared_calloc( ANYOF_BITMAP_SIZE, 1 );
     trie->wordinfo = (reg_trie_wordinfo *) PerlMemShared_calloc(
                        trie->wordcount+1, sizeof(reg_trie_wordinfo));
@@ -2792,8 +2794,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
         if (    noper < tail
             && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                          || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
         {
             uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3010,8 +3012,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
             if (    noper < tail
                 && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                              || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
             {
                 const U8 *uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3235,8 +3237,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch,
 
             if (    noper < tail
                 && (    OP(noper) == flags
-                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_ONLY8)
-                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_ONLY8
+                    || (flags == EXACT && OP(noper) == EXACT_REQ8)
+                    || (flags == EXACTFU && (   OP(noper) == EXACTFU_REQ8
                                              || OP(noper) == EXACTFUP))))
             {
                 const U8 *uc= (U8*)STRING(noper);
@@ -3993,8 +3995,9 @@ S_construct_ahocorasick_from_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *sour
  *      using /iaa matching will be doing so almost entirely with ASCII
  *      strings, so this should rarely be encountered in practice */
 
-#define JOIN_EXACT(scan,min_subtract,unfolded_multi_char, flags) \
-    if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT) \
+#define JOIN_EXACT(scan,min_subtract,unfolded_multi_char, flags)    \
+    if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == EXACT && OP(scan) != LEXACT         \
+                                      && OP(scan) != LEXACT_REQ8)  \
         join_exact(pRExC_state,(scan),(min_subtract),unfolded_multi_char, (flags), NULL, depth+1)
 
 STATIC U32
@@ -4059,16 +4062,16 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
 
             /* Joining something that requires UTF-8 with something that
              * doesn't, means the result requires UTF-8. */
-            if (OP(scan) == EXACT && (OP(n) == EXACT_ONLY8)) {
-                OP(scan) = EXACT_ONLY8;
+            if (OP(scan) == EXACT && (OP(n) == EXACT_REQ8)) {
+                OP(scan) = EXACT_REQ8;
             }
-            else if (OP(scan) == EXACT_ONLY8 && (OP(n) == EXACT)) {
+            else if (OP(scan) == EXACT_REQ8 && (OP(n) == EXACT)) {
                 ;   /* join is compatible, no need to change OP */
             }
-            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU_ONLY8)) {
-                OP(scan) = EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU_REQ8)) {
+                OP(scan) = EXACTFU_REQ8;
             }
-            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU_ONLY8) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU)) {
+            else if ((OP(scan) == EXACTFU_REQ8) && (OP(n) == EXACTFU)) {
                 ;   /* join is compatible, no need to change OP */
             }
             else if (OP(scan) == EXACTFU && OP(n) == EXACTFU) {
@@ -4091,7 +4094,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
                   * node.  And if the only adjacent node is EXACTF, they get
                   * absorbed into that, under the theory that a longer node is
                   * better than two shorter ones, even if one is EXACTFU.  Note
-                  * that EXACTFU_ONLY8 is generated only for UTF-8 patterns,
+                  * that EXACTFU_REQ8 is generated only for UTF-8 patterns,
                   * and the EXACTFU_S_EDGE ones only for non-UTF-8.  */
 
                 if (STRING(n)[STR_LEN(n)-1] == 's') {
@@ -4199,7 +4202,7 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan,
      * this final joining, sequences could have been split over boundaries, and
      * hence missed).  The sequences only happen in folding, hence for any
      * non-EXACT EXACTish node */
-    if (OP(scan) != EXACT && OP(scan) != EXACT_ONLY8 && OP(scan) != EXACTL) {
+    if (OP(scan) != EXACT && OP(scan) != EXACT_REQ8 && OP(scan) != EXACTL) {
         U8* s0 = (U8*) STRING(scan);
         U8* s = s0;
         U8* s_end = s0 + STR_LEN(scan);
@@ -4542,31 +4545,31 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
          */
         JOIN_EXACT(scan,&min_subtract, &unfolded_multi_char, 0);
 
-       /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
-          away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
-       if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
-           const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
-                      ? I32_MAX
-                      /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
-                      : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
-           int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
-           int noff;
-           regnode *n = scan;
-
-           /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
-           while ((n = regnext(n))
-                  && ((PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
-                      || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
-                  && off + noff < max)
-               off += noff;
-           if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
-               ARG(scan) = off;
-           else
-               NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
-       }
+        /* Follow the next-chain of the current node and optimize
+           away all the NOTHINGs from it.  */
+        if (OP(scan) != CURLYX) {
+            const int max = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)]
+                            ? I32_MAX
+                              /* I32 may be smaller than U16 on CRAYs! */
+                            : (I32_MAX < U16_MAX ? I32_MAX : U16_MAX));
+            int off = (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)] ? ARG(scan) : NEXT_OFF(scan));
+            int noff;
+            regnode *n = scan;
+
+            /* Skip NOTHING and LONGJMP. */
+            while (   (n = regnext(n))
+                   && (   (PL_regkind[OP(n)] == NOTHING && (noff = NEXT_OFF(n)))
+                       || ((OP(n) == LONGJMP) && (noff = ARG(n))))
+                   && off + noff < max)
+                off += noff;
+            if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(scan)])
+                ARG(scan) = off;
+            else
+                NEXT_OFF(scan) = off;
+        }
 
-       /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we
-          look into several different things.  */
+        /* The principal pseudo-switch.  Cannot be a switch, since we look into
+         * several different things.  */
         if ( OP(scan) == DEFINEP ) {
             SSize_t minlen = 0;
             SSize_t deltanext = 0;
@@ -4780,7 +4783,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                     if ( SvIV(re_trie_maxbuff)>=0  ) {
                         regnode *cur;
                         regnode *first = (regnode *)NULL;
-                        regnode *last = (regnode *)NULL;
+                        regnode *prev = (regnode *)NULL;
                         regnode *tail = scan;
                         U8 trietype = 0;
                         U32 count=0;
@@ -4858,9 +4861,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                 ----------------+-----------
                                 NOTHING         | NOTHING
                                 EXACT           | EXACT
-                                EXACT_ONLY8     | EXACT
+                                EXACT_REQ8     | EXACT
                                 EXACTFU         | EXACTFU
-                                EXACTFU_ONLY8   | EXACTFU
+                                EXACTFU_REQ8   | EXACTFU
                                 EXACTFUP        | EXACTFU
                                 EXACTFAA        | EXACTFAA
                                 EXACTL          | EXACTL
@@ -4870,10 +4873,10 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         */
 #define TRIE_TYPE(X) ( ( NOTHING == (X) )                                   \
                        ? NOTHING                                            \
-                       : ( EXACT == (X) || EXACT_ONLY8 == (X) )             \
+                       : ( EXACT == (X) || EXACT_REQ8 == (X) )             \
                          ? EXACT                                            \
                          : (     EXACTFU == (X)                             \
-                              || EXACTFU_ONLY8 == (X)                       \
+                              || EXACTFU_REQ8 == (X)                       \
                               || EXACTFUP == (X) )                          \
                            ? EXACTFU                                        \
                            : ( EXACTFAA == (X) )                            \
@@ -4911,7 +4914,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                     REG_NODE_NUM(noper_next), SvPV_nolen_const(RExC_mysv));
                                 }
                                 Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "(First==%d,Last==%d,Cur==%d,tt==%s,ntt==%s,nntt==%s)\n",
-                                   REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(last), REG_NODE_NUM(cur),
+                                   REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(prev), REG_NODE_NUM(cur),
                                   PL_reg_name[trietype], PL_reg_name[noper_trietype], PL_reg_name[noper_next_trietype]
                                );
                             });
@@ -4957,7 +4960,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                 } else {
                                     if ( trietype == NOTHING )
                                         trietype = noper_trietype;
-                                    last = cur;
+                                    prev = cur;
                                 }
                                if (first)
                                    count++;
@@ -4967,7 +4970,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                  * noper may either be a triable node which can
                                  * not be tried together with the current trie,
                                  * or a non triable node */
-                                if ( last ) {
+                                if ( prev ) {
                                     /* If last is set and trietype is not
                                      * NOTHING then we have found at least two
                                      * triable branch sequences in a row of a
@@ -4980,7 +4983,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                         make_trie( pRExC_state,
                                                 startbranch, first, cur, tail,
                                                 count, trietype, depth+1 );
-                                    last = NULL; /* note: we clear/update
+                                    prev = NULL; /* note: we clear/update
                                                     first, trietype etc below,
                                                     so we dont do it here */
                                 }
@@ -5009,12 +5012,12 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                             Perl_re_indentf( aTHX_  "- %s (%d) <SCAN FINISHED> ",
                               depth+1, SvPV_nolen_const( RExC_mysv ), REG_NODE_NUM(cur));
                             Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "(First==%d, Last==%d, Cur==%d, tt==%s)\n",
-                               REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(last), REG_NODE_NUM(cur),
+                               REG_NODE_NUM(first), REG_NODE_NUM(prev), REG_NODE_NUM(cur),
                                PL_reg_name[trietype]
                             );
 
                         });
-                        if ( last && trietype ) {
+                        if ( prev && trietype ) {
                             if ( trietype != NOTHING ) {
                                 /* the last branch of the sequence was part of
                                  * a trie, so we have to construct it here
@@ -5059,9 +5062,8 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                         OP(opt)= OPTIMIZED;
                                 }
                             }
-                        } /* end if ( last) */
+                        } /* end if ( prev) */
                     } /* TRIE_MAXBUF is non zero */
-
                 } /* do trie */
 
            }
@@ -5197,7 +5199,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
        }
        else if (   OP(scan) == EXACT
-                 || OP(scan) == EXACT_ONLY8
+                 || OP(scan) == LEXACT
+                 || OP(scan) == EXACT_REQ8
+                 || OP(scan) == LEXACT_REQ8
                  || OP(scan) == EXACTL)
         {
            SSize_t l = STR_LEN(scan);
@@ -5282,7 +5286,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
 
             if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-                SV* EXACTF_invlist = _make_exactf_invlist(pRExC_state, scan);
+                SV* EXACTF_invlist = make_exactf_invlist(pRExC_state, scan);
 
                 assert(EXACTF_invlist);
                 if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
@@ -5319,7 +5323,9 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                if (flags & (SCF_DO_SUBSTR | SCF_DO_STCLASS)) {
                    next = NEXTOPER(scan);
                    if (   OP(next) == EXACT
-                        || OP(next) == EXACT_ONLY8
+                        || OP(next) == LEXACT
+                        || OP(next) == EXACT_REQ8
+                        || OP(next) == LEXACT_REQ8
                         || OP(next) == EXACTL
                         || (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS))
                     {
@@ -5858,6 +5864,7 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                 case ANYOFH:
                 case ANYOFHb:
                 case ANYOFHr:
+                case ANYOFHs:
                 case ANYOF:
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND)
                        ssc_and(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
@@ -5883,6 +5890,26 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
                     break;
                   }
 
+                case ANYOFR:
+                case ANYOFRb:
+                  {
+                    SV* cp_list = NULL;
+
+                    cp_list = _add_range_to_invlist(cp_list,
+                                        ANYOFRbase(scan),
+                                        ANYOFRbase(scan) + ANYOFRdelta(scan));
+
+                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
+                        ssc_union(data->start_class, cp_list, invert);
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
+                        ssc_intersection(data->start_class, cp_list, invert);
+                    }
+
+                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
+                    break;
+                  }
+
                case NPOSIXL:
                     invert = 1;
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
@@ -6171,7 +6198,6 @@ Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "LHS=%" UVuf " RHS=%" UVuf "\n",
            }
 #endif
        }
-
        else if (OP(scan) == OPEN) {
            if (stopparen != (I32)ARG(scan))
                pars++;
@@ -7393,28 +7419,6 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
     DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
 
-    /* Initialize these here instead of as-needed, as is quick and avoids
-     * having to test them each time otherwise */
-    if (! PL_InBitmap) {
-#ifdef DEBUGGING
-        char * dump_len_string;
-#endif
-
-        /* This is calculated here, because the Perl program that generates the
-         * static global ones doesn't currently have access to
-         * NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS */
-       PL_InBitmap = _new_invlist(2);
-       PL_InBitmap = _add_range_to_invlist(PL_InBitmap, 0,
-                                                    NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS - 1);
-#ifdef DEBUGGING
-        dump_len_string = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DUMP_RE_MAX_LEN");
-        if (   ! dump_len_string
-            || ! grok_atoUV(dump_len_string, (UV *)&PL_dump_re_max_len, NULL))
-        {
-            PL_dump_re_max_len = 60;    /* A reasonable default */
-        }
-#endif
-    }
 
     pRExC_state->warn_text = NULL;
     pRExC_state->unlexed_names = NULL;
@@ -7978,7 +7982,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
         /* Ignore EXACT as we deal with it later. */
        if (PL_regkind[OP(first)] == EXACT) {
            if (   OP(first) == EXACT
-                || OP(first) == EXACT_ONLY8
+               || OP(first) == LEXACT
+                || OP(first) == EXACT_REQ8
+                || OP(first) == LEXACT_REQ8
                 || OP(first) == EXACTL)
             {
                NOOP;   /* Empty, get anchored substr later. */
@@ -8324,7 +8330,9 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
                  && nop == END)
             RExC_rx->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;
         else if ( RExC_rx->extflags & RXf_SPLIT
-                  && (fop == EXACT || fop == EXACT_ONLY8 || fop == EXACTL)
+                  && (   fop == EXACT || fop == LEXACT
+                      || fop == EXACT_REQ8 || fop == LEXACT_REQ8
+                      || fop == EXACTL)
                   && STR_LEN(first) == 1
                   && *(STRING(first)) == ' '
                   && nop == END )
@@ -8668,8 +8676,8 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const I32 paren,
        i = rx->sublen + rx->suboffset - rx->offs[0].end;
     }
     else
-    if ( 0 <= n && n <= (I32)rx->nparens &&
-        (s1 = rx->offs[n].start) != -1 &&
+    if (inRANGE(n, 0, (I32)rx->nparens) &&
+        (s1 = rx->offs[n].start) != -1  &&
         (t1 = rx->offs[n].end) != -1)
     {
         /* $&, ${^MATCH},  $1 ... */
@@ -9022,23 +9030,6 @@ S__invlist_array_init(SV* const invlist, const bool will_have_0)
     return zero_addr + *offset;
 }
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_set_len(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV len, const bool offset)
-{
-    /* Sets the current number of elements stored in the inversion list.
-     * Updates SvCUR correspondingly */
-    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_SET_LEN;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    SvCUR_set(invlist,
-              (len == 0)
-               ? 0
-               : TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(len + offset));
-    assert(SvLEN(invlist) == 0 || SvCUR(invlist) <= SvLEN(invlist));
-}
-
 STATIC void
 S_invlist_replace_list_destroys_src(pTHX_ SV * dest, SV * src)
 {
@@ -9189,6 +9180,7 @@ S_initialize_invlist_guts(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const Size_t initial_size)
     invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
 
     *get_invlist_previous_index_addr(invlist) = 0;
+    SvPOK_on(invlist);  /* This allows B to extract the PV */
 }
 
 SV*
@@ -9263,25 +9255,12 @@ Perl__new_invlist_C_array(pTHX_ const UV* const list)
     invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
 
     SvREADONLY_on(invlist);
+    SvPOK_on(invlist);
 
     return invlist;
 }
 
 STATIC void
-S_invlist_extend(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV new_max)
-{
-    /* Grow the maximum size of an inversion list */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_EXTEND;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    /* Add one to account for the zero element at the beginning which may not
-     * be counted by the calling parameters */
-    SvGROW((SV *)invlist, TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(new_max + 1));
-}
-
-STATIC void
 S__append_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* const invlist,
                                  const UV start, const UV end)
 {
@@ -10267,11 +10246,6 @@ Perl__setup_canned_invlist(pTHX_ const STRLEN size, const UV element0,
 
 #endif
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE SV*
-S_add_cp_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV cp) {
-    return _add_range_to_invlist(invlist, cp, cp);
-}
-
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 void
 Perl__invlist_invert(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
@@ -10322,106 +10296,26 @@ Perl_invlist_clone(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, SV* new_invlist)
 
 #endif
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE STRLEN*
-S_get_invlist_iter_addr(SV* invlist)
-{
-    /* Return the address of the UV that contains the current iteration
-     * position */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_INVLIST_ITER_ADDR;
-
-    assert(is_invlist(invlist));
-
-    return &(((XINVLIST*) SvANY(invlist))->iterator);
-}
-
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_iterinit(SV* invlist)        /* Initialize iterator for invlist */
-{
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERINIT;
-
-    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = 0;
-}
-
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
-S_invlist_iterfinish(SV* invlist)
-{
-    /* Terminate iterator for invlist.  This is to catch development errors.
-     * Any iteration that is interrupted before completed should call this
-     * function.  Functions that add code points anywhere else but to the end
-     * of an inversion list assert that they are not in the middle of an
-     * iteration.  If they were, the addition would make the iteration
-     * problematical: if the iteration hadn't reached the place where things
-     * were being added, it would be ok */
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERFINISH;
-
-    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = (STRLEN) UV_MAX;
-}
-
-STATIC bool
-S_invlist_iternext(SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
-{
-    /* An C<invlist_iterinit> call on <invlist> must be used to set this up.
-     * This call sets in <*start> and <*end>, the next range in <invlist>.
-     * Returns <TRUE> if successful and the next call will return the next
-     * range; <FALSE> if was already at the end of the list.  If the latter,
-     * <*start> and <*end> are unchanged, and the next call to this function
-     * will start over at the beginning of the list */
-
-    STRLEN* pos = get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist);
-    UV len = _invlist_len(invlist);
-    UV *array;
-
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERNEXT;
-
-    if (*pos >= len) {
-       *pos = (STRLEN) UV_MAX; /* Force iterinit() to be required next time */
-       return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    array = invlist_array(invlist);
-
-    *start = array[(*pos)++];
-
-    if (*pos >= len) {
-       *end = UV_MAX;
-    }
-    else {
-       *end = array[(*pos)++] - 1;
-    }
-
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
-S_invlist_highest(SV* const invlist)
+S_invlist_lowest(SV* const invlist)
 {
-    /* Returns the highest code point that matches an inversion list.  This API
-     * has an ambiguity, as it returns 0 under either the highest is actually
+    /* Returns the lowest code point that matches an inversion list.  This API
+     * has an ambiguity, as it returns 0 under either the lowest is actually
      * 0, or if the list is empty.  If this distinction matters to you, check
      * for emptiness before calling this function */
 
     UV len = _invlist_len(invlist);
     UV *array;
 
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_HIGHEST;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_LOWEST;
 
     if (len == 0) {
-       return 0;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     array = invlist_array(invlist);
 
-    /* The last element in the array in the inversion list always starts a
-     * range that goes to infinity.  That range may be for code points that are
-     * matched in the inversion list, or it may be for ones that aren't
-     * matched.  In the latter case, the highest code point in the set is one
-     * less than the beginning of this range; otherwise it is the final element
-     * of this range: infinity */
-    return (ELEMENT_RANGE_MATCHES_INVLIST(len - 1))
-           ? UV_MAX
-           : array[len - 1] - 1;
+    return array[0];
 }
 
 STATIC SV *
@@ -10602,7 +10496,7 @@ Perl__invlistEQ(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, const bool complement_b)
  * call SvREFCNT_dec() when done with it.
  */
 STATIC SV*
-S__make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
+S_make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
 {
     dVAR;
     const U8 * s = (U8*)STRING(node);
@@ -10611,7 +10505,7 @@ S__make_exactf_invlist(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *node)
     /* Start out big enough for 2 separate code points */
     SV* invlist = _new_invlist(4);
 
-    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MAKE_EXACTF_INVLIST;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAKE_EXACTF_INVLIST;
 
     if (! UTF) {
         uc = *s;
@@ -11085,7 +10979,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG;
     DEBUG_PARSE("reg ");
 
-
     max_open = get_sv(RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT, GV_ADD);
     assert(max_open);
     if (!SvIOK(max_open)) {
@@ -11318,12 +11211,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         goto parse_rest;
                     }
 
-                    /* By doing this here, we avoid extra warnings for nested
-                     * script runs */
-                    ckWARNexperimental(RExC_parse,
-                        WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SCRIPT_RUN,
-                        "The script_run feature is experimental");
-
                     if (paren == 's') {
                         /* Here, we're starting a new regular script run */
                         ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SROPEN);
@@ -11368,9 +11255,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 /*FALLTHROUGH*/
 
             alpha_assertions:
-                ckWARNexperimental(RExC_parse,
-                        WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__ALPHA_ASSERTIONS,
-                        "The alpha_assertions feature is experimental");
 
                 RExC_seen_zerolen++;
 
@@ -12073,16 +11957,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 goto parse_rest;
             } /* end switch */
        }
-       else {
-            if (*RExC_parse == '{') {
-                ckWARNregdep(RExC_parse + 1,
-                            "Unescaped left brace in regex is "
-                            "deprecated here (and will be fatal "
-                            "in Perl 5.32), passed through");
-            }
-            /* Not bothering to indent here, as the above 'else' is temporary
-             * */
-        if (!(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE)) {   /* (...) */
+        else if (!(RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE)) {   /* (...) */
          capturing_parens:
            parno = RExC_npar;
            RExC_npar++;
@@ -12149,7 +12024,6 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             /* with RXf_PMf_NOCAPTURE treat (...) as (?:...) */
             paren = ':';
            ret = 0;
-       }
         }
     }
     else                        /* ! paren */
@@ -12977,9 +12851,9 @@ S_grok_bslash_N(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state,
         value = (U8 *) SvPV(value_sv, value_len);
 
         /* See if the result is one code point vs 0 or multiple */
-        if (value_len > 0 && value_len <= (UV) ((SvUTF8(value_sv))
-                                               ? UTF8SKIP(value)
-                                               : 1))
+        if (inRANGE(value_len, 1, ((UV) SvUTF8(value_sv)
+                                  ? UTF8SKIP(value)
+                                  : 1)))
         {
             /* Here, exactly one code point.  If that isn't what is wanted,
              * fail */
@@ -13921,15 +13795,15 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
            STRLEN len = 0;
            UV ender = 0;
            char *p;
-           char *s;
+           char *s, *old_s = NULL, *old_old_s = NULL;
            char *s0;
             U32 max_string_len = 255;
 
             /* We may have to reparse the node, artificially stopping filling
              * it early, based on info gleaned in the first parse.  This
              * variable gives where we stop.  Make it above the normal stopping
-             * place first time through. */
-           U32 upper_fill = max_string_len + 1;
+             * place first time through; otherwise it would stop too early */
+            U32 upper_fill = max_string_len + 1;
 
             /* We start out as an EXACT node, even if under /i, until we find a
              * character which is in a fold.  The algorithm now segregates into
@@ -13943,9 +13817,17 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             U8 node_type = EXACT;
 
             /* Assume the node will be fully used; the excess is given back at
-             * the end.  We can't make any other length assumptions, as a byte
-             * input sequence could shrink down. */
-            Ptrdiff_t current_string_nodes = STR_SZ(max_string_len);
+             * the end.  Under /i, we may need to temporarily add the fold of
+             * an extra character or two at the end to check for splitting
+             * multi-char folds, so allocate extra space for that.   We can't
+             * make any other length assumptions, as a byte input sequence
+             * could shrink down. */
+            Ptrdiff_t current_string_nodes = STR_SZ(max_string_len
+                                                 + ((! FOLD)
+                                                    ? 0
+                                                    : 2 * ((UTF)
+                                                           ? UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE
+                        /* Max non-UTF-8 expansion is 2 */ : 2)));
 
             bool next_is_quantifier;
             char * oldp = NULL;
@@ -13997,6 +13879,15 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             p = RExC_parse;
             len = 0;
             s = s0;
+            node_type = EXACT;
+            oldp = NULL;
+            maybe_exactfu = FOLD && (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS || LOC);
+            maybe_SIMPLE = SIMPLE;
+            requires_utf8_target = FALSE;
+            has_ss = FALSE;
+            has_micro_sign = FALSE;
+
+          continue_parse:
 
             /* This breaks under rare circumstances.  If folding, we do not
              * want to split a node at a character that is a non-final in a
@@ -14026,6 +13917,8 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 Size_t added_len = 1;
 
                oldp = p;
+                old_old_s = old_s;
+                old_s = s;
 
                 /* White space has already been ignored */
                 assert(   (RExC_flags & RXf_PMf_EXTENDED) == 0
@@ -14361,8 +14254,8 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
 
                     /* Don't output if it would overflow */
                     if (UNLIKELY(len > max_string_len - ((UTF)
-                                                         ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender)
-                                                         : 1)))
+                                                      ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender)
+                                                      : 1)))
                     {
                         overflowed = TRUE;
                         break;
@@ -14443,7 +14336,8 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         goto loopdone;
                     }
 
-                    if (UTF) {  /* Use the folded value */
+                    if (UTF) {  /* Alway use the folded value for UTF-8
+                                   patterns */
                         if (UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(ender)) {
                             if (UNLIKELY(len + 1 > max_string_len)) {
                                 overflowed = TRUE;
@@ -14453,11 +14347,11 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             *(s)++ = (U8) toFOLD(ender);
                         }
                         else {
-                            U8 temp[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
-
                             UV folded = _to_uni_fold_flags(
                                     ender,
-                                    temp,
+                                    (U8 *) s,  /* We have allocated extra space
+                                                  in 's' so can't run off the
+                                                  end */
                                     &added_len,
                                     FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                                     ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
@@ -14467,7 +14361,6 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                                 break;
                             }
 
-                            Copy(temp, s, added_len, char);
                             s += added_len;
 
                             if (   folded > 255
@@ -14479,74 +14372,76 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    else {
-
-                        /* Here is non-UTF8.  First, see if the character's
-                         * fold differs between /d and /u. */
-                        if (PL_fold[ender] != PL_fold_latin1[ender]) {
-                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                    else { /* Here is non-UTF8. */
+
+                        /* The fold will be one or (rarely) two characters.
+                         * Check that there's room for at least a single one
+                         * before setting any flags, etc.  Because otherwise an
+                         * overflowing character could cause a flag to be set
+                         * even though it doesn't end up in this node.  (For
+                         * the two character fold, we check again, before
+                         * setting any flags) */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(len + 1 > max_string_len)) {
+                            overflowed = TRUE;
+                            break;
                         }
 
 #if    UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION > 3 /* no multifolds in early Unicode */   \
    || (UNICODE_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && (   UNICODE_DOT_VERSION > 0)       \
                                       || UNICODE_DOT_DOT_VERSION > 0)
 
-                        /* On non-ancient Unicode versions, this includes the
-                         * multi-char fold SHARP S to 'ss' */
-
-                        if (   UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)
-                                 || (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's')
-                                     && len > 0
-                                     && isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*(s-1), 's')))
-                        {
-                            /* Here, we have one of the following:
-                             *  a)  a SHARP S.  This folds to 'ss' only under
-                             *      /u rules.  If we are in that situation,
-                             *      fold the SHARP S to 'ss'.  See the comments
-                             *      for join_exact() as to why we fold this
-                             *      non-UTF at compile time, and no others.
-                             *  b)  'ss'.  When under /u, there's nothing
-                             *      special needed to be done here.  The
-                             *      previous iteration handled the first 's',
-                             *      and this iteration will handle the second.
-                             *      If, on the otherhand it's not /u, we have
-                             *      to exclude the possibility of moving to /u,
-                             *      so that we won't generate an unwanted
-                             *      match, unless, at runtime, the target
-                             *      string is in UTF-8.
-                             * */
+                        /* On non-ancient Unicodes, check for the only possible
+                         * multi-char fold  */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)) {
 
+                            /* This potential multi-char fold means the node
+                             * can't be simple (because it could match more
+                             * than a single char).  And in some cases it will
+                             * match 'ss', so set that flag */
+                            maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
                             has_ss = TRUE;
-                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;  /* Can't generate an
-                                                       EXACTFU node (unless we
-                                                       already are in one) */
-                            if (UNLIKELY(ender == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)) {
-                                maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
-                                if (node_type == EXACTFU) {
-
-                                    if (UNLIKELY(len + 2 > max_string_len)) {
-                                        overflowed = TRUE;
-                                        break;
-                                    }
 
-                                    *(s++) = 's';
-
-                                    /* Let the code below add in the extra 's'
-                                     * */
-                                    ender = 's';
-                                    added_len = 2;
+                            /* It can't change to be an EXACTFU (unless already
+                             * is one).  We fold it iff under /u rules. */
+                            if (node_type != EXACTFU) {
+                                maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                if (UNLIKELY(len + 2 > max_string_len)) {
+                                    overflowed = TRUE;
+                                    break;
                                 }
+
+                                *(s++) = 's';
+                                *(s++) = 's';
+                                added_len = 2;
+
+                                goto done_with_this_char;
                             }
                         }
+                        else if (   UNLIKELY(isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's'))
+                                 && LIKELY(len > 0)
+                                 && UNLIKELY(isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*(s-1), 's')))
+                        {
+                            /* Also, the sequence 'ss' is special when not
+                             * under /u.  If the target string is UTF-8, it
+                             * should match SHARP S; otherwise it won't.  So,
+                             * here we have to exclude the possibility of this
+                             * node moving to /u.*/
+                            has_ss = TRUE;
+                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
+                        }
 #endif
+                        /* Here, the fold will be a single character */
 
-                        else if (UNLIKELY(ender == MICRO_SIGN)) {
+                        if (UNLIKELY(ender == MICRO_SIGN)) {
                             has_micro_sign = TRUE;
                         }
+                        else if (PL_fold[ender] != PL_fold_latin1[ender]) {
 
-                        if (UNLIKELY(len + 1 > max_string_len)) {
-                            overflowed = TRUE;
-                            break;
+                            /* If the character's fold differs between /d and
+                             * /u, this can't change to be an EXACTFU node */
+                            maybe_exactfu = FALSE;
                         }
 
                         *(s++) = (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS)
@@ -14562,6 +14457,8 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     }
                } /* End of adding current character to the node */
 
+              done_with_this_char:
+
                 len += added_len;
 
                if (next_is_quantifier) {
@@ -14582,13 +14479,81 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 goto loopdone;
             }
 
-            /* Here we have run out of room.  We artificially have to split the
-             * node into two, because we just don't have enough space to hold
-             * everything. */
+            /* Here we have run out of room.  We can grow plain EXACT and
+             * LEXACT nodes.  If the pattern is gigantic enough, though,
+             * eventually we'll have to artificially chunk the pattern into
+             * multiple nodes. */
+            if (! LOC && (node_type == EXACT || node_type == LEXACT)) {
+                Size_t overhead = 1 + regarglen[OP(REGNODE_p(ret))];
+                Size_t overhead_expansion = 0;
+                char temp[256];
+                Size_t max_nodes_for_string;
+                Size_t achievable;
+                SSize_t delta;
+
+                /* Here we couldn't fit the final character in the current
+                 * node, so it will have to be reparsed, no matter what else we
+                 * do */
+                p = oldp;
+
+                /* If would have overflowed a regular EXACT node, switch
+                 * instead to an LEXACT.  The code below is structured so that
+                 * the actual growing code is common to changing from an EXACT
+                 * or just increasing the LEXACT size.  This means that we have
+                 * to save the string in the EXACT case before growing, and
+                 * then copy it afterwards to its new location */
+                if (node_type == EXACT) {
+                    overhead_expansion = regarglen[LEXACT] - regarglen[EXACT];
+                    RExC_emit += overhead_expansion;
+                    Copy(s0, temp, len, char);
+                }
+
+                /* Ready to grow.  If it was a plain EXACT, the string was
+                 * saved, and the first few bytes of it overwritten by adding
+                 * an argument field.  We assume, as we do elsewhere in this
+                 * file, that one byte of remaining input will translate into
+                 * one byte of output, and if that's too small, we grow again,
+                 * if too large the excess memory is freed at the end */
+
+                max_nodes_for_string = U16_MAX - overhead - overhead_expansion;
+                achievable = MIN(max_nodes_for_string,
+                                 current_string_nodes + STR_SZ(RExC_end - p));
+                delta = achievable - current_string_nodes;
+
+                /* If there is just no more room, go finish up this chunk of
+                 * the pattern. */
+                if (delta <= 0) {
+                    goto loopdone;
+                }
 
-            if (FOLD) {
+                change_engine_size(pRExC_state, delta + overhead_expansion);
+                current_string_nodes += delta;
+                max_string_len
+                           = sizeof(struct regnode) * current_string_nodes;
+                upper_fill = max_string_len + 1;
 
-                /* Running out of room creates a problem if we are
+                /* If the length was small, we know this was originally an
+                 * EXACT node now converted to LEXACT, and the string has to be
+                 * restored.  Otherwise the string was untouched.  260 is just
+                 * a number safely above 255 so don't have to worry about
+                 * getting it precise */
+                if (len < 260) {
+                    node_type = LEXACT;
+                    FILL_NODE(ret, node_type);
+                    s0 = STRING(REGNODE_p(ret));
+                    Copy(temp, s0, len, char);
+                    s = s0 + len;
+                }
+
+                goto continue_parse;
+            }
+            else if (FOLD) {
+                bool splittable = FALSE;
+                bool backed_up = FALSE;
+                char * e;
+                char * s_start;
+
+                /* Here is /i.  Running out of room creates a problem if we are
                  * folding, and the split happens in the middle of a
                  * multi-character fold, as a match that should have occurred,
                  * won't, due to the way nodes are matched, and our artificial
@@ -14599,179 +14564,402 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                  * things that fold to them) as 'ff' and 'ss' are
                  * multi-character folds.
                  *
+                 * The Unicode standard says that multi character folds consist
+                 * of either two or three characters.  That means we would be
+                 * splitting one if the final character in the node is at the
+                 * beginning of either type, or is the second of a three
+                 * character fold.
+                 *
                  * At this point:
-                 *  oldp        points to the beginning in the input of the
-                 *              final character in the node.
-                 *  p           points to the beginning in the input of the
-                 *              next character in the input, the one that won't
-                 *              fit in the node.
+                 *  ender     is the code point of the character that won't fit
+                 *            in the node
+                 *  s         points to just beyond the final byte in the node.
+                 *            It's where we would place ender if there were
+                 *            room, and where in fact we do place ender's fold
+                 *            in the code below, as we've over-allocated space
+                 *            for s0 (hence s) to allow for this
+                 *  e         starts at 's' and advances as we append things.
+                 *  old_s     is the same as 's'.  (If ender had fit, 's' would
+                 *            have been advanced to beyond it).
+                 *  old_old_s points to the beginning byte of the final
+                 *            character in the node
+                 *  p         points to the beginning byte in the input of the
+                 *            character beyond 'ender'.
+                 *  oldp      points to the beginning byte in the input of
+                 *            'ender'.
                  *
-                 * We aren't in the middle of a multi-char fold unless the
-                 * final character in the node can appear in a non-final
-                 * position in such a fold.  Very few characters actually
-                 * participate in multi-character folds, and fewer still can be
-                 * in the non-final position.  But it's complicated to know
-                 * here if that final character is folded or not, so skip this
-                 * check */
-
-                           /* Make sure enough space for final char of node,
-                            * first char of following node, and the fold of the
-                            * following char (so we don't have to worry about
-                            * that fold running off the end */
-                U8 foldbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE * 5 + 1];
-                STRLEN fold_len;
-                UV folded;
-
+                 * In the case of /il, we haven't folded anything that could be
+                 * affected by the locale.  That means only above-Latin1
+                 * characters that fold to other above-latin1 characters get
+                 * folded at compile time.  To check where a good place to
+                 * split nodes is, everything in it will have to be folded.
+                 * The boolean 'maybe_exactfu' keeps track in /il if there are
+                 * any unfolded characters in the node. */
+                bool need_to_fold_loc = LOC && ! maybe_exactfu;
+
+                /* If we do need to fold the node, we need a place to store the
+                 * folded copy, and a way to map back to the unfolded original
+                 * */
+                char * locfold_buf = NULL;
+                Size_t * loc_correspondence = NULL;
 
-                /* The Unicode standard says that multi character folds consist
-                 * of either two or three characters.  So we create a buffer
-                 * containing a window of three.  The first is the final
-                 * character in the node (folded), and then the two that begin
-                 * the following node.   But if the first character of the
-                 * following node can't be in a non-final fold position, there
-                 * is no need to look at its successor character.  The macros
-                 * used below to check for multi character folds require folded
-                 * inputs, so we have to fold these.  (The fold of p was likely
-                 * calculated in the loop above, but it hasn't beeen saved, and
-                 * khw thinks it would be too entangled to change to do so) */
-
-                if (UTF || LIKELY(UCHARAT(p) != MICRO_SIGN)) {
-                    folded = _to_uni_fold_flags(ender,
-                                                foldbuf,
-                                                &fold_len,
-                                                FOLD_FLAGS_FULL);
+                if (! need_to_fold_loc) {   /* The normal case.  Just
+                                               initialize to the actual node */
+                    e = s;
+                    s_start = s0;
+                    s = old_old_s;  /* Point to the beginning of the final char
+                                       that fits in the node */
                 }
                 else {
-                    foldbuf[0] = folded = MICRO_SIGN;
-                    fold_len = 1;
-                }
-
-                /* Here, foldbuf contains the fold of the first character in
-                 * the next node.  We may also need the next one (if there is
-                 * one) to get our third, but if the first character folded to
-                 * more than one, those extra one(s) will serve as the third.
-                 * Also, we don't need a third unless the previous one can
-                 * appear in a non-final position in a fold */
-                if (  ((RExC_end - p) > ((UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(ender) : 1))
-                    && (fold_len == 1 || (   UTF
-                                          && UVCHR_SKIP(folded) == fold_len))
-                    &&  UNLIKELY(_invlist_contains_cp(PL_NonFinalFold, folded)))
-                {
-                    if (UTF) {
-                        STRLEN next_fold_len;
 
-                        toFOLD_utf8_safe((U8*) p + UTF8SKIP(p),
-                                         (U8*) RExC_end, foldbuf + fold_len,
-                                         &next_fold_len);
-                        fold_len += next_fold_len;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        if (UNLIKELY(p[1] == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)) {
-                            foldbuf[fold_len] = 's';
+                    /* Here, we have filled a /il node, and there are unfolded
+                     * characters in it.  If the runtime locale turns out to be
+                     * UTF-8, there are possible multi-character folds, just
+                     * like when not under /l.  The node hence can't terminate
+                     * in the middle of such a fold.  To determine this, we
+                     * have to create a folded copy of this node.  That means
+                     * reparsing the node, folding everything assuming a UTF-8
+                     * locale.  (If at runtime it isn't such a locale, the
+                     * actions here wouldn't have been necessary, but we have
+                     * to assume the worst case.)  If we find we need to back
+                     * off the folded string, we do so, and then map that
+                     * position back to the original unfolded node, which then
+                     * gets output, truncated at that spot */
+
+                    char * redo_p = RExC_parse;
+                    char * redo_e;
+                    char * old_redo_e;
+
+                    /* Allow enough space assuming a single byte input folds to
+                     * a single byte output, plus assume that the two unparsed
+                     * characters (that we may need) fold to the largest number
+                     * of bytes possible, plus extra for one more worst case
+                     * scenario.  In the loop below, if we start eating into
+                     * that final spare space, we enlarge this initial space */
+                    Size_t size = max_string_len + (3 * UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE) + 1;
+
+                    Newxz(locfold_buf, size, char);
+                    Newxz(loc_correspondence, size, Size_t);
+
+                    /* Redo this node's parse, folding into 'locfold_buf' */
+                    redo_p = RExC_parse;
+                    old_redo_e = redo_e = locfold_buf;
+                    while (redo_p <= oldp) {
+
+                        old_redo_e = redo_e;
+                        loc_correspondence[redo_e - locfold_buf]
+                                                        = redo_p - RExC_parse;
+
+                        if (UTF) {
+                            Size_t added_len;
+
+                            (void) _to_utf8_fold_flags((U8 *) redo_p,
+                                                       (U8 *) RExC_end,
+                                                       (U8 *) redo_e,
+                                                       &added_len,
+                                                       FOLD_FLAGS_FULL);
+                            redo_e += added_len;
+                            redo_p += UTF8SKIP(redo_p);
                         }
                         else {
-                            foldbuf[fold_len] = toLOWER_L1(p[1]);
+
+                            /* Note that if this code is run on some ancient
+                             * Unicode versions, SHARP S doesn't fold to 'ss',
+                             * but rather than clutter the code with #ifdef's,
+                             * as is done above, we ignore that possibility.
+                             * This is ok because this code doesn't affect what
+                             * gets matched, but merely where the node gets
+                             * split */
+                            if (UCHARAT(redo_p) != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
+                                *redo_e++ = toLOWER_L1(UCHARAT(redo_p));
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                *redo_e++ = 's';
+                                *redo_e++ = 's';
+                            }
+                            redo_p++;
+                        }
+
+
+                        /* If we're getting so close to the end that a
+                         * worst-case fold in the next character would cause us
+                         * to overflow, increase, assuming one byte output byte
+                         * per one byte input one, plus room for another worst
+                         * case fold */
+                        if (   redo_p <= oldp
+                            && redo_e > locfold_buf + size
+                                                    - (UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE + 1))
+                        {
+                            Size_t new_size = size
+                                            + (oldp - redo_p)
+                                            + UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE + 1;
+                            Ptrdiff_t e_offset = redo_e - locfold_buf;
+
+                            Renew(locfold_buf, new_size, char);
+                            Renew(loc_correspondence, new_size, Size_t);
+                            size = new_size;
+
+                            redo_e = locfold_buf + e_offset;
                         }
-                        fold_len++;
                     }
+
+                    /* Set so that things are in terms of the folded, temporary
+                     * string */
+                    s = old_redo_e;
+                    s_start = locfold_buf;
+                    e = redo_e;
+
                 }
 
-                /* Here foldbuf contains the the fold of p, and if appropriate
-                 * that of the character following p in the input. */
+                /* Here, we have 's', 's_start' and 'e' set up to point to the
+                 * input that goes into the node, folded.
+                 *
+                 * If the final character of the node and the fold of ender
+                 * form the first two characters of a three character fold, we
+                 * need to peek ahead at the next (unparsed) character in the
+                 * input to determine if the three actually do form such a
+                 * fold.  Just looking at that character is not generally
+                 * sufficient, as it could be, for example, an escape sequence
+                 * that evaluates to something else, and it needs to be folded.
+                 *
+                 * khw originally thought to just go through the parse loop one
+                 * extra time, but that doesn't work easily as that iteration
+                 * could cause things to think that the parse is over and to
+                 * goto loopdone.  The character could be a '$' for example, or
+                 * the character beyond could be a quantifier, and other
+                 * glitches as well.
+                 *
+                 * The solution used here for peeking ahead is to look at that
+                 * next character.  If it isn't ASCII punctuation, then it will
+                 * be something that continues in an EXACTish node if there
+                 * were space.  We append the fold of it to s, having reserved
+                 * enough room in s0 for the purpose.  If we can't reasonably
+                 * peek ahead, we instead assume the worst case: that it is
+                 * something that would form the completion of a multi-char
+                 * fold.
+                 *
+                 * If we can't split between s and ender, we work backwards
+                 * character-by-character down to s0.  At each current point
+                 * see if we are at the beginning of a multi-char fold.  If so,
+                 * that means we would be splitting the fold across nodes, and
+                 * so we back up one and try again.
+                 *
+                 * If we're not at the beginning, we still could be at the
+                 * final two characters of a (rare) three character fold.  We
+                 * check if the sequence starting at the character before the
+                 * current position (and including the current and next
+                 * characters) is a three character fold.  If not, the node can
+                 * be split here.  If it is, we have to backup two characters
+                 * and try again.
+                 *
+                 * Otherwise, the node can be split at the current position.
+                 *
+                 * The same logic is used for UTF-8 patterns and not */
+                if (UTF) {
+                    Size_t added_len;
+
+                    /* Append the fold of ender */
+                    (void) _to_uni_fold_flags(
+                        ender,
+                        (U8 *) e,
+                        &added_len,
+                        FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                                        ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
+                                        : 0));
+                    e += added_len;
+
+                    /* 's' and the character folded to by ender may be the
+                     * first two of a three-character fold, in which case the
+                     * node should not be split here.  That may mean examining
+                     * the so-far unparsed character starting at 'p'.  But if
+                     * ender folded to more than one character, we already have
+                     * three characters to look at.  Also, we first check if
+                     * the sequence consisting of s and the next character form
+                     * the first two of some three character fold.  If not,
+                     * there's no need to peek ahead. */
+                    if (   added_len <= UTF8SKIP(e - added_len)
+                        && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_HEAD_utf8_safe(s, e)))
+                    {
+                        /* Here, the two do form the beginning of a potential
+                         * three character fold.  The unexamined character may
+                         * or may not complete it.  Peek at it.  It might be
+                         * something that ends the node or an escape sequence,
+                         * in which case we don't know without a lot of work
+                         * what it evaluates to, so we have to assume the worst
+                         * case: that it does complete the fold, and so we
+                         * can't split here.  All such instances  will have
+                         * that character be an ASCII punctuation character,
+                         * like a backslash.  So, for that case, backup one and
+                         * drop down to try at that position */
+                        if (isPUNCT(*p)) {
+                            s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1,
+                                       (U8 *) s_start);
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Here, since it's not punctuation, it must be a
+                             * real character, and we can append its fold to
+                             * 'e' (having deliberately reserved enough space
+                             * for this eventuality) and drop down to check if
+                             * the three actually do form a folded sequence */
+                            (void) _to_utf8_fold_flags(
+                                (U8 *) p, (U8 *) RExC_end,
+                                (U8 *) e,
+                                &added_len,
+                                FOLD_FLAGS_FULL | ((ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                                                ? FOLD_FLAGS_NOMIX_ASCII
+                                                : 0));
+                            e += added_len;
+                        }
+                    }
 
-                /* Search backwards until find a place that doesn't split a
-                 * multi-char fold */
-                while (1) {
-                    STRLEN s_len;
-                    char s_fold_buf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE];
-                    char * s_fold = s_fold_buf;
+                    /* Here, we either have three characters available in
+                     * sequence starting at 's', or we have two characters and
+                     * know that the following one can't possibly be part of a
+                     * three character fold.  We go through the node backwards
+                     * until we find a place where we can split it without
+                     * breaking apart a multi-character fold.  At any given
+                     * point we have to worry about if such a fold begins at
+                     * the current 's', and also if a three-character fold
+                     * begins at s-1, (containing s and s+1).  Splitting in
+                     * either case would break apart a fold */
+                    do {
+                        char *prev_s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1,
+                                                            (U8 *) s_start);
+
+                        /* If is a multi-char fold, can't split here.  Backup
+                         * one char and try again */
+                        if (UNLIKELY(is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_utf8_safe(s, e))) {
+                            s = prev_s;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                    if (s <= s0) {
+                        /* If the two characters beginning at 's' are part of a
+                         * three character fold starting at the character
+                         * before s, we can't split either before or after s.
+                         * Backup two chars and try again */
+                        if (   LIKELY(s > s_start)
+                            && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_utf8_safe(prev_s, e)))
+                        {
+                            s = prev_s;
+                            s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1, (U8 *) s_start);
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
-                        /* There's no safe place in the node to split.  Quit so
-                         * will take the whole node */
+                        /* Here there's no multi-char fold between s and the
+                         * next character following it.  We can split */
+                        splittable = TRUE;
                         break;
-                    }
 
-                    /* Backup 1 character.  The first time through this moves s
-                     * to point to the final character in the node */
-                    if (UTF) {
-                        s = (char *) utf8_hop_back((U8 *) s, -1, (U8 *) s0);
+                    } while (s > s_start); /* End of loops backing up through the node */
+
+                    /* Here we either couldn't find a place to split the node,
+                     * or else we broke out of the loop setting 'splittable' to
+                     * true.  In the latter case, the place to split is between
+                     * the first and second characters in the sequence starting
+                     * at 's' */
+                    if (splittable) {
+                        s += UTF8SKIP(s);
+                    }
+                }
+                else {  /* Pattern not UTF-8 */
+                    if (   ender != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
+                        || ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                    {
+                        *e++ = toLOWER_L1(ender);
                     }
                     else {
-                        s--;
+                        *e++ = 's';
+                        *e++ = 's';
                     }
 
-                    /* 's' may or may not be folded; so make sure it is, and
-                     * use just the final character in its fold (should there
-                     * be more than one */
-                    if (UTF) {
-                        toFOLD_utf8_safe((U8*) s,
-                                         (U8*) s + UTF8SKIP(s),
-                                         (U8 *) s_fold_buf, &s_len);
-                        while (s_fold + UTF8SKIP(s_fold) < s_fold_buf + s_len)
-                        {
-                            s_fold += UTF8SKIP(s_fold);
+                    if (   e - s  <= 1
+                        && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_HEAD_latin1_safe(s, e)))
+                    {
+                        if (isPUNCT(*p)) {
+                            s--;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            if (   UCHARAT(p) != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S
+                                || ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                            {
+                                *e++ = toLOWER_L1(ender);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                *e++ = 's';
+                                *e++ = 's';
+                            }
                         }
-                        s_len = UTF8SKIP(s_fold);
                     }
-                    else {
-                        if (UNLIKELY(UCHARAT(s) == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S))
-                        {
-                            s_fold_buf[0] = 's';
+
+                    do {
+                        if (UNLIKELY(is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_latin1_safe(s, e))) {
+                            s--;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
                         }
-                        else {  /* This works for all other non-UTF-8 folds
-                                 */
-                            s_fold_buf[0] = toLOWER_L1(UCHARAT(s));
+
+                        if (   LIKELY(s > s_start)
+                            && UNLIKELY(is_THREE_CHAR_FOLD_latin1_safe(s - 1, e)))
+                        {
+                            s -= 2;
+                            backed_up = TRUE;
+                            continue;
                         }
-                        s_len = 1;
+
+                        splittable = TRUE;
+                        break;
+
+                    } while (s > s_start);
+
+                    if (splittable) {
+                        s++;
                     }
+                }
 
-                    /* Unshift this character to the beginning of the buffer,
-                     * No longer needed trailing characters are overwritten.
-                     * */
-                    Move(foldbuf, foldbuf + s_len, sizeof(foldbuf) - s_len, U8);
-                    Copy(s_fold, foldbuf, s_len, U8);
-
-                    /* If this isn't a multi-character fold, we have found a
-                     * splittable place.  If this is the final character in the
-                     * node, that means the node is valid as-is, and can quit.
-                     * Otherwise, we note how much we can fill the node before
-                     * coming to a non-splittable position, and go parse it
-                     * again, stopping there. This is done because we know
-                     * where in the output to stop, but we don't have a map to
-                     * where that is in the input.  One could be created, but
-                     * it seems like overkill for such a rare event as we are
-                     * dealing with here */
-                    if (UTF) {
-                        if (! is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_utf8_safe(foldbuf,
-                                                foldbuf + UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE))
-                        {
-                            upper_fill = s + UTF8SKIP(s) - s0;
-                            if (LIKELY(upper_fill == 255)) {
-                                break;
+                /* Here, we are done backing up.  If we didn't backup at all
+                 * (the likely case), just proceed */
+                if (backed_up) {
+
+                   /* If we did find a place to split, reparse the entire node
+                    * stopping where we have calculated. */
+                    if (splittable) {
+
+                       /* If we created a temporary folded string under /l, we
+                        * have to map that back to the original */
+                        if (need_to_fold_loc) {
+                            upper_fill = loc_correspondence[s - s_start];
+                            Safefree(locfold_buf);
+                            Safefree(loc_correspondence);
+
+                            if (upper_fill == 0) {
+                                FAIL2("panic: loc_correspondence[%d] is 0",
+                                      (int) (s - s_start));
                             }
-                            goto reparse;
                         }
-                    }
-                    else if (! is_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD_latin1_safe(foldbuf,
-                                                foldbuf + UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE))
-                    {
-                        upper_fill = s + 1 - s0;
-                        if (LIKELY(upper_fill == 255)) {
-                            break;
+                        else {
+                            upper_fill = s - s0;
                         }
                         goto reparse;
                     }
-                }
-
-                /* Here the node consists entirely of non-final multi-char
-                 * folds.  (Likely it is all 'f's or all 's's.)  There's no
-                 * decent place to split it, so give up and just take the whole
-                 * thing */
+                    else if (need_to_fold_loc) {
+                        Safefree(locfold_buf);
+                        Safefree(loc_correspondence);
+                    }
 
+                    /* Here the node consists entirely of non-final multi-char
+                     * folds.  (Likely it is all 'f's or all 's's.)  There's no
+                     * decent place to split it, so give up and just take the
+                     * whole thing */
+                    len = old_s - s0;
+                }
            }   /* End of verifying node ends with an appropriate char */
 
+            /* We need to start the next node at the character that didn't fit
+             * in this one */
             p = oldp;
 
           loopdone:   /* Jumped to when encounters something that shouldn't be
@@ -14791,15 +14979,21 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
             else {
 
                 /* If the node type is EXACT here, check to see if it
-                 * should be EXACTL, or EXACT_ONLY8. */
+                 * should be EXACTL, or EXACT_REQ8. */
                 if (node_type == EXACT) {
                     if (LOC) {
                         node_type = EXACTL;
                     }
                     else if (requires_utf8_target) {
-                        node_type = EXACT_ONLY8;
+                        node_type = EXACT_REQ8;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (node_type == LEXACT) {
+                    if (requires_utf8_target) {
+                        node_type = LEXACT_REQ8;
                     }
-                } else if (FOLD) {
+                }
+                else if (FOLD) {
                     if (    UNLIKELY(has_micro_sign || has_ss)
                         && (node_type == EXACTFU || (   node_type == EXACTF
                                                      && maybe_exactfu)))
@@ -14816,9 +15010,29 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         if (maybe_exactfu) {
                             node_type = EXACTFLU8;
                         }
+                        else if (UNLIKELY(
+                             _invlist_contains_cp(PL_HasMultiCharFold, ender)))
+                        {
+                            /* A character that folds to more than one will
+                             * match multiple characters, so can't be SIMPLE.
+                             * We don't have to worry about this with EXACTFLU8
+                             * nodes just above, as they have already been
+                             * folded (since the fold doesn't vary at run
+                             * time).  Here, if the final character in the node
+                             * folds to multiple, it can't be simple.  (This
+                             * only has an effect if the node has only a single
+                             * character, hence the final one, as elsewhere we
+                             * turn off simple for nodes whose length > 1 */
+                            maybe_SIMPLE = 0;
+                        }
                     }
                     else if (node_type == EXACTF) {  /* Means is /di */
 
+                        /* This intermediate variable is needed solely because
+                         * the asserts in the macro where used exceed Win32's
+                         * literal string capacity */
+                        char first_char = * STRING(REGNODE_p(ret));
+
                         /* If 'maybe_exactfu' is clear, then we need to stay
                          * /di.  If it is set, it means there are no code
                          * points that match differently depending on UTF8ness
@@ -14827,7 +15041,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                         if (! maybe_exactfu) {
                             RExC_seen_d_op = TRUE;
                         }
-                        else if (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(* STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)), 's')
+                        else if (   isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(first_char, 's')
                                  || isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(ender, 's'))
                         {
                             /* But, if the node begins or ends in an 's' we
@@ -14847,7 +15061,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                     }
 
                     if (requires_utf8_target && node_type == EXACTFU) {
-                        node_type = EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+                        node_type = EXACTFU_REQ8;
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -14908,7 +15122,7 @@ S_populate_ANYOF_from_invlist(pTHX_ regnode *node, SV** invlist_ptr)
     assert(PL_regkind[OP(node)] == ANYOF);
 
     /* There is no bitmap for this node type */
-    if (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+    if (inRANGE(OP(node), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -16026,8 +16240,11 @@ redo_curchar:
 
                     /* Recurse, with the meat of the embedded expression */
                     RExC_parse++;
-                    (void) handle_regex_sets(pRExC_state, &current, flagp,
-                                                    depth+1, oregcomp_parse);
+                    if (! handle_regex_sets(pRExC_state, &current, flagp,
+                                                    depth+1, oregcomp_parse))
+                    {
+                        RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
+                    }
 
                     /* Here, 'current' contains the embedded expression's
                      * inversion list, and RExC_parse points to the trailing
@@ -16081,6 +16298,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                               FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                               &current))
                 {
+                    RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
                     goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
@@ -16117,6 +16335,7 @@ redo_curchar:
                                 FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
                                 &current))
                 {
+                    RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
                     goto regclass_failed;
                 }
 
@@ -16463,7 +16682,11 @@ redo_curchar:
                              well have generated non-portable code points, but
                              they're valid on this machine */
                     FALSE, /* similarly, no need for strict */
-                    FALSE, /* Require return to be an ANYOF */
+
+                    /* We can optimize into something besides an ANYOF, except
+                     * under /l, which needs to be ANYOF because of runtime
+                     * checks for locale sanity, etc */
+                  ! in_locale,
                     NULL
                 );
 
@@ -16477,8 +16700,10 @@ redo_curchar:
         RExC_flags |= RXf_PMf_FOLD;
     }
 
-    if (!node)
+    if (!node) {
+        RETURN_FAIL_ON_RESTART(*flagp, flagp);
         goto regclass_failed;
+    }
 
     /* Fix up the node type if we are in locale.  (We have pretended we are
      * under /u for the purposes of regclass(), as this construct will only
@@ -16690,6 +16915,22 @@ S_output_posix_warnings(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, AV* posix_warnings)
     UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(RExC_parse);
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE Size_t
+S_find_first_differing_byte_pos(const U8 * s1, const U8 * s2, const Size_t max)
+{
+    const U8 * const start = s1;
+    const U8 * const send = start + max;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_FIRST_DIFFERING_BYTE_POS;
+
+    while (s1 < send && *s1  == *s2) {
+        s1++; s2++;
+    }
+
+    return s1 - start;
+}
+
+
 STATIC AV *
 S_add_multi_match(pTHX_ AV* multi_char_matches, SV* multi_string, const STRLEN cp_count)
 {
@@ -18215,6 +18456,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                 /* Likewise for 'posixes' */
                 _invlist_union(posixes, cp_list, &cp_list);
+                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
 
                 /* Likewise for anything else in the range that matched only
                  * under UTF-8 */
@@ -18362,14 +18604,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                  |= ANYOFL_FOLD
                  |  ANYOFL_SHARED_UTF8_LOCALE_fold_HAS_MATCHES_nonfold_REQD;
         }
-        else if (cp_list) { /* Look to see if a 0-255 code point is in list */
-            UV start, end;
-            invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
-            if (invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end) && start < 256) {
-                anyof_flags |= ANYOFL_FOLD;
-                has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
-            }
-            invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
+        else if (cp_list && invlist_lowest(cp_list) < 256) {
+            /* If nothing is below 256, has no locale dependency; otherwise it
+             * does */
+            anyof_flags |= ANYOFL_FOLD;
+            has_runtime_dependency |= HAS_L_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY;
         }
     }
     else if (   DEPENDS_SEMANTICS
@@ -18414,9 +18653,10 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
     if (optimizable) {
         PERL_UINT_FAST8_T i;
-        Size_t partial_cp_count = 0;
+        UV partial_cp_count = 0;
         UV start[MAX_FOLD_FROMS+1] = { 0 }; /* +1 for the folded-to char */
         UV   end[MAX_FOLD_FROMS+1] = { 0 };
+        bool single_range = FALSE;
 
         if (cp_list) { /* Count the code points in enough ranges that we would
                           see all the ones possible in any fold in this version
@@ -18430,6 +18670,9 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                 partial_cp_count += end[i] - start[i] + 1;
             }
 
+            if (i == 1) {
+                single_range = TRUE;
+            }
             invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
         }
 
@@ -18465,6 +18708,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                     goto not_anyof;
                 }
             }
+
             /* For well-behaved locales, some classes are subsets of others,
              * so complementing the subset and including the non-complemented
              * superset should match everything, like [\D[:alnum:]], and
@@ -18569,7 +18813,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
         /* Next see if can optimize classes that contain just a few code points
          * into an EXACTish node.  The reason to do this is to let the
-         * optimizer join this node with adjacent EXACTish ones.
+         * optimizer join this node with adjacent EXACTish ones, and ANYOF
+         * nodes require conversion to code point from UTF-8.
          *
          * An EXACTFish node can be generated even if not under /i, and vice
          * versa.  But care must be taken.  An EXACTFish node has to be such
@@ -18588,21 +18833,13 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
          * participates in no fold whatsoever, and having it EXACT tells the
          * optimizer the target string cannot match unless it has a colon in
          * it.
-         *
-         * We don't typically generate an EXACTish node if doing so would
-         * require changing the pattern to UTF-8, as that affects /d and
-         * otherwise is slower.  However, under /i, not changing to UTF-8 can
-         * miss some potential multi-character folds.  We calculate the
-         * EXACTish node, and then decide if something would be missed if we
-         * don't upgrade */
+         */
         if (   ! posixl
             && ! invert
 
                 /* Only try if there are no more code points in the class than
                  * in the max possible fold */
-            &&   partial_cp_count > 0 && partial_cp_count <= MAX_FOLD_FROMS + 1
-
-            && (start[0] < 256 || UTF || FOLD))
+            &&   inRANGE(partial_cp_count, 1, MAX_FOLD_FROMS + 1))
         {
             if (partial_cp_count == 1 && ! upper_latin1_only_utf8_matches)
             {
@@ -18611,13 +18848,23 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
                 if (LOC) {
 
-                    /* Here is /l:  Use EXACTL, except /li indicates EXACTFL,
-                     * as that means there is a fold not known until runtime so
-                     * shows as only a single code point here. */
-                    op = (FOLD) ? EXACTFL : EXACTL;
+                    /* Here is /l:  Use EXACTL, except if there is a fold not
+                     * known until runtime so shows as only a single code point
+                     * here.  For code points above 255, we know which can
+                     * cause problems by having a potential fold to the Latin1
+                     * range. */
+                    if (  ! FOLD
+                        || (     start[0] > 255
+                            && ! is_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE_FOLD_cp(start[0])))
+                    {
+                        op = EXACTL;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        op = EXACTFL;
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (! FOLD) { /* Not /l and not /i */
-                    op = (start[0] < 256) ? EXACT : EXACT_ONLY8;
+                    op = (start[0] < 256) ? EXACT : EXACT_REQ8;
                 }
                 else if (start[0] < 256) { /* /i, not /l, and the code point is
                                               small */
@@ -18647,8 +18894,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                            applies to it */
                     op = _invlist_contains_cp(PL_InMultiCharFold,
                                               start[0])
-                         ? EXACTFU_ONLY8
-                         : EXACT_ONLY8;
+                         ? EXACTFU_REQ8
+                         : EXACT_REQ8;
                 }
 
                 value = start[0];
@@ -18812,7 +19059,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
                                      ? EXACTFLU8
                                      : (ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
                                        ? EXACTFAA
-                                       : EXACTFU_ONLY8;
+                                       : EXACTFU_REQ8;
                                 value = folded;
                             }
                         }   /* Below, the lowest code point < 256 */
@@ -18864,45 +19111,43 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             }
 
             if (op != END) {
+                U8 len;
 
-                /* Here, we have calculated what EXACTish node we would use.
-                 * But we don't use it if it would require converting the
-                 * pattern to UTF-8, unless not using it could cause us to miss
-                 * some folds (hence be buggy) */
-
-                if (! UTF && value > 255) {
-                    SV * in_multis = NULL;
-
-                    assert(FOLD);
-
-                    /* If there is no code point that is part of a multi-char
-                     * fold, then there aren't any matches, so we don't do this
-                     * optimization.  Otherwise, it could match depending on
-                     * the context around us, so we do upgrade */
-                    _invlist_intersection(PL_InMultiCharFold, cp_list, &in_multis);
-                    if (UNLIKELY(_invlist_len(in_multis) != 0)) {
+                /* Here, we have calculated what EXACTish node to use.  Have to
+                 * convert to UTF-8 if not already there */
+                if (value > 255) {
+                    if (! UTF) {
+                        SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
                         REQUIRE_UTF8(flagp);
                     }
-                    else {
-                        op = END;
+
+                    /* This is a kludge to the special casing issues with this
+                     * ligature under /aa.  FB05 should fold to FB06, but the
+                     * call above to _to_uni_fold_flags() didn't find this, as
+                     * it didn't use the /aa restriction in order to not miss
+                     * other folds that would be affected.  This is the only
+                     * instance likely to ever be a problem in all of Unicode.
+                     * So special case it. */
+                    if (   value == LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_LONG_S_T
+                        && ASCII_FOLD_RESTRICTED)
+                    {
+                        value = LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_ST;
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (op != END) {
-                    U8 len = (UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(value) : 1;
+                len = (UTF) ? UVCHR_SKIP(value) : 1;
 
-                    ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op, len, "exact");
-                    FILL_NODE(ret, op);
-                    RExC_emit += 1 + STR_SZ(len);
-                    setSTR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret), len);
-                    if (len == 1) {
-                        *STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)) = (U8) value;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) STRING(REGNODE_p(ret)), value);
-                    }
-                    goto not_anyof;
+                ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op, len, "exact");
+                FILL_NODE(ret, op);
+                RExC_emit += 1 + STR_SZ(len);
+                setSTR_LEN(REGNODE_p(ret), len);
+                if (len == 1) {
+                    *STRINGs(REGNODE_p(ret)) = (U8) value;
+                }
+                else {
+                    uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) STRINGs(REGNODE_p(ret)), value);
                 }
+                goto not_anyof;
             }
         }
 
@@ -18945,7 +19190,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
             if (invlist_highest(cp_list) <= max_permissible) {
                 UV this_start, this_end;
-                UV lowest_cp = UV_MAX;  /* inited to suppress compiler warn */
+                UV lowest_cp = UV_MAX;  /* init'ed to suppress compiler warn */
                 U8 bits_differing = 0;
                 Size_t full_cp_count = 0;
                 bool first_time = TRUE;
@@ -19022,6 +19267,13 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             if (op != END) {
                 goto not_anyof;
             }
+
+            /* XXX We could create an ANYOFR_LOW node here if we saved above if
+             * all were invariants, it wasn't inverted, and there is a single
+             * range.  This would be faster than some of the posix nodes we
+             * create below like /\d/a, but would be twice the size.  Without
+             * having actually measured the gain, khw doesn't think the
+             * tradeoff is really worth it */
         }
 
         if (! (anyof_flags & ANYOF_LOCALE_FLAGS)) {
@@ -19138,6 +19390,52 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             SvREFCNT_dec(intersection);
         }
 
+        /* If it is a single contiguous range, ANYOFR is an efficient regnode,
+         * both in size and speed.  Currently, a 20 bit range base (smallest
+         * code point in the range), and a 12 bit maximum delta are packed into
+         * a 32 bit word.  This allows for using it on all of the Unicode code
+         * points except for the highest plane, which is only for private use
+         * code points.  khw doubts that a bigger delta is likely in real world
+         * applications */
+        if (     single_range
+            && ! has_runtime_dependency
+            &&   anyof_flags == 0
+            &&   start[0] < (1 << ANYOFR_BASE_BITS)
+            &&   end[0] - start[0]
+                    < ((1U << (sizeof(((struct regnode_1 *)NULL)->arg1)
+                                   * CHARBITS - ANYOFR_BASE_BITS))))
+
+        {
+            U8 low_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+            U8 high_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
+
+            ret = reganode(pRExC_state, ANYOFR,
+                        (start[0] | (end[0] - start[0]) << ANYOFR_BASE_BITS));
+
+            /* Place the lowest UTF-8 start byte in the flags field, so as to
+             * allow efficient ruling out at run time of many possible inputs.
+             * */
+            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, start[0]);
+            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, end[0]);
+
+            /* If all code points share the same first byte, this can be an
+             * ANYOFRb.  Otherwise store the lowest UTF-8 start byte which can
+             * quickly rule out many inputs at run-time without having to
+             * compute the code point from UTF-8.  For EBCDIC, we use I8, as
+             * not doing that transformation would not rule out nearly so many
+             * things */
+            if (low_utf8[0] == high_utf8[0]) {
+                OP(REGNODE_p(ret)) = ANYOFRb;
+                ANYOF_FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret)) = low_utf8[0];
+            }
+            else {
+                ANYOF_FLAGS(REGNODE_p(ret))
+                                    = NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(low_utf8[0]);
+            }
+
+            goto not_anyof;
+        }
+
         /* If didn't find an optimization and there is no need for a bitmap,
          * optimize to indicate that */
         if (     start[0] >= NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS
@@ -19148,38 +19446,63 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
             U8 low_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
             UV highest_cp = invlist_highest(cp_list);
 
-            op = ANYOFH;
-
             /* Currently the maximum allowed code point by the system is
              * IV_MAX.  Higher ones are reserved for future internal use.  This
              * particular regnode can be used for higher ones, but we can't
              * calculate the code point of those.  IV_MAX suffices though, as
              * it will be a large first byte */
-            (void) uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, MIN(start[0], IV_MAX));
+            Size_t low_len = uvchr_to_utf8(low_utf8, MIN(start[0], IV_MAX))
+                           - low_utf8;
 
             /* We store the lowest possible first byte of the UTF-8
              * representation, using the flags field.  This allows for quick
              * ruling out of some inputs without having to convert from UTF-8
-             * to code point.  For EBCDIC, this has to be I8. */
+             * to code point.  For EBCDIC, we use I8, as not doing that
+             * transformation would not rule out nearly so many things */
             anyof_flags = NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(low_utf8[0]);
 
+            op = ANYOFH;
+
             /* If the first UTF-8 start byte for the highest code point in the
              * range is suitably small, we may be able to get an upper bound as
              * well */
             if (highest_cp <= IV_MAX) {
                 U8 high_utf8[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
-
-                (void) uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, highest_cp);
+                Size_t high_len = uvchr_to_utf8(high_utf8, highest_cp)
+                                - high_utf8;
 
                 /* If the lowest and highest are the same, we can get an exact
-                 * first byte instead of a just minimum.  We signal this with a
-                 * different regnode */
+                 * first byte instead of a just minimum or even a sequence of
+                 * exact leading bytes.  We signal these with different
+                 * regnodes */
                 if (low_utf8[0] == high_utf8[0]) {
+                    Size_t len = find_first_differing_byte_pos(low_utf8,
+                                                               high_utf8,
+                                                       MIN(low_len, high_len));
 
-                    /* No need to convert to I8 for EBCDIC as this is an exact
-                     * match */
-                    anyof_flags = low_utf8[0];
-                    op = ANYOFHb;
+                    if (len == 1) {
+
+                        /* No need to convert to I8 for EBCDIC as this is an
+                         * exact match */
+                        anyof_flags = low_utf8[0];
+                        op = ANYOFHb;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        op = ANYOFHs;
+                        ret = regnode_guts(pRExC_state, op,
+                                           regarglen[op] + STR_SZ(len),
+                                           "anyofhs");
+                        FILL_NODE(ret, op);
+                        ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) REGNODE_p(ret))->str_len
+                                                                        = len;
+                        Copy(low_utf8,  /* Add the common bytes */
+                           ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) REGNODE_p(ret))->string,
+                           len, U8);
+                        RExC_emit += NODE_SZ_STR(REGNODE_p(ret));
+                        set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, REGNODE_p(ret), cp_list,
+                                                  NULL, only_utf8_locale_list);
+                        goto not_anyof;
+                    }
                 }
                 else if (NATIVE_UTF8_TO_I8(high_utf8[0]) <= MAX_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE)
                 {
@@ -19265,8 +19588,11 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
 
     set_ANYOF_arg(pRExC_state, REGNODE_p(ret), cp_list,
                   (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
-                   ? listsv : NULL,
+                   ? listsv
+                   : NULL,
                   only_utf8_locale_list);
+    SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
+    SvREFCNT_dec(only_utf8_locale_list);
     return ret;
 
   not_anyof:
@@ -19277,6 +19603,7 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth,
     Set_Node_Offset_Length(REGNODE_p(ret), orig_parse - RExC_start,
                                            RExC_parse - orig_parse);;
     SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);;
+    SvREFCNT_dec(only_utf8_locale_list);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -19317,11 +19644,12 @@ S_set_ANYOF_arg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t* const pRExC_state,
        SV *rv;
 
         if (cp_list) {
-            av_store(av, INVLIST_INDEX, cp_list);
+            av_store(av, INVLIST_INDEX, SvREFCNT_inc(cp_list));
         }
 
         if (only_utf8_locale_list) {
-            av_store(av, ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX, only_utf8_locale_list);
+            av_store(av, ONLY_LOCALE_MATCHES_INDEX,
+                                          SvREFCNT_inc(only_utf8_locale_list));
         }
 
         if (runtime_defns) {
@@ -19734,7 +20062,7 @@ STATIC regnode_offset
 S_regnode_guts(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, const U8 op, const STRLEN extra_size, const char* const name)
 {
     /* Allocate a regnode for 'op', with 'extra_size' extra (smallest) regnode
-     * equivalents space.  It aligns and increments RExC_size and RExC_emit
+     * equivalents space.  It aligns and increments RExC_size
      *
      * It returns the regnode's offset into the regex engine program */
 
@@ -19975,6 +20303,7 @@ S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * pRExC_state,
         scan = REGNODE_OFFSET(temp);
     }
 
+    assert(val >= scan);
     if (reg_off_by_arg[OP(REGNODE_p(scan))]) {
         assert((UV) (val - scan) <= U32_MAX);
         ARG_SET(REGNODE_p(scan), val - scan);
@@ -20043,15 +20372,17 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode_offset p,
 #endif
         if ( exact ) {
             switch (OP(REGNODE_p(scan))) {
+                case LEXACT:
                 case EXACT:
-                case EXACT_ONLY8:
+                case LEXACT_REQ8:
+                case EXACT_REQ8:
                 case EXACTL:
                 case EXACTF:
                 case EXACTFU_S_EDGE:
                 case EXACTFAA_NO_TRIE:
                 case EXACTFAA:
                 case EXACTFU:
-                case EXACTFU_ONLY8:
+                case EXACTFU_REQ8:
                 case EXACTFLU8:
                 case EXACTFUP:
                 case EXACTFL:
@@ -20436,6 +20767,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL,
+                                                0,
                                                 FALSE
                                                );
             sv_catpvs(sv, "]");
@@ -20518,10 +20850,10 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
     else if (k == LOGICAL)
         /* 2: embedded, otherwise 1 */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d]", o->flags);
-    else if (k == ANYOF) {
-       const U8 flags = inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
-                          ? 0
-                          : ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+    else if (k == ANYOF || k == ANYOFR) {
+        U8 flags;
+        char * bitmap;
+        U32 arg;
         bool do_sep = FALSE;    /* Do we need to separate various components of
                                    the output? */
         /* Set if there is still an unresolved user-defined property */
@@ -20536,7 +20868,18 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* And things that aren't in the bitmap, but are small enough to be */
         SV* bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap = NULL;
 
-        const bool inverted = flags & ANYOF_INVERT;
+        bool inverted;
+
+        if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
+            flags = 0;
+            bitmap = NULL;
+            arg = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            flags = ANYOF_FLAGS(o);
+            bitmap = ANYOF_BITMAP(o);
+            arg = ARG(o);
+        }
 
        if (OP(o) == ANYOFL || OP(o) == ANYOFPOSIXL) {
             if (ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(flags)) {
@@ -20547,17 +20890,27 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
             }
         }
 
+        inverted = flags & ANYOF_INVERT;
+
         /* If there is stuff outside the bitmap, get it */
-        if (ARG(o) != ANYOF_ONLY_HAS_BITMAP) {
-            (void) _get_regclass_nonbitmap_data(prog, o, FALSE,
+        if (arg != ANYOF_ONLY_HAS_BITMAP) {
+            if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb)) {
+                nonbitmap_invlist = _add_range_to_invlist(nonbitmap_invlist,
+                                            ANYOFRbase(o),
+                                            ANYOFRbase(o) + ANYOFRdelta(o));
+            }
+            else {
+                (void) _get_regclass_nonbitmap_data(prog, o, FALSE,
                                                 &unresolved,
                                                 &only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                                 &nonbitmap_invlist);
+            }
+
             /* The non-bitmap data may contain stuff that could fit in the
              * bitmap.  This could come from a user-defined property being
              * finally resolved when this call was done; or much more likely
              * because there are matches that require UTF-8 to be valid, and so
-             * aren't in the bitmap.  This is teased apart later */
+             * aren't in the bitmap (or ANYOFR).  This is teased apart later */
             _invlist_intersection(nonbitmap_invlist,
                                   PL_InBitmap,
                                   &bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap);
@@ -20577,19 +20930,26 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* Ready to start outputting.  First, the initial left bracket */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%s", PL_colors[0]);
 
-        if (! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+        /* ANYOFH by definition doesn't have anything that will fit inside the
+         * bitmap;  ANYOFR may or may not. */
+        if (  ! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)
+            && (   ! inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb)
+                ||   ANYOFRbase(o) < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS))
+        {
             /* Then all the things that could fit in the bitmap */
             do_sep = put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv,
-                                                  ANYOF_BITMAP(o),
+                                                  bitmap,
                                                   bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap,
                                                   only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                                   o,
+                                                  flags,
 
                                                   /* Can't try inverting for a
                                                    * better display if there
                                                    * are things that haven't
                                                    * been resolved */
-                                                  unresolved != NULL);
+                                                  unresolved != NULL
+                                            || inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFR, ANYOFRb));
             SvREFCNT_dec(bitmap_range_not_in_bitmap);
 
             /* If there are user-defined properties which haven't been defined
@@ -20675,15 +21035,18 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
         /* And finally the matching, closing ']' */
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
 
-        if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFHr)) {
+        if (OP(o) == ANYOFHs) {
+            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " (Leading UTF-8 bytes=%s", _byte_dump_string((U8 *) ((struct regnode_anyofhs *) o)->string, FLAGS(o), 1));
+        }
+        else if (inRANGE(OP(o), ANYOFH, ANYOFRb)) {
             U8 lowest = (OP(o) != ANYOFHr)
                          ? FLAGS(o)
                          : LOWEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o));
-            U8 highest = (OP(o) == ANYOFHb)
-                         ? lowest
-                         : OP(o) == ANYOFH
+            U8 highest = (OP(o) == ANYOFHr)
+                         ? HIGHEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o))
+                         : (OP(o) == ANYOFH || OP(o) == ANYOFR)
                            ? 0xFF
-                           : HIGHEST_ANYOF_HRx_BYTE(FLAGS(o));
+                           : lowest;
             Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " (First UTF-8 byte=%02X", lowest);
             if (lowest != highest) {
                 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "-%02X", highest);
@@ -20701,7 +21064,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o, const regmatch_
             _invlist_invert(cp_list);
         }
 
-        put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv, NULL, cp_list, NULL, NULL, TRUE);
+        put_charclass_bitmap_innards(sv, NULL, cp_list, NULL, NULL, 0, TRUE);
        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s]", PL_colors[1]);
 
         SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
@@ -21622,7 +21985,7 @@ S_put_range(pTHX_ SV *sv, UV start, const UV end, const bool allow_literals)
         if (start >= NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS) {
             this_end = end;
         }
-        else {
+        else {  /* Have to split range at the bitmap boundary */
             this_end = (end < NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS)
                         ? end
                         : NUM_ANYOF_CODE_POINTS - 1;
@@ -21782,6 +22145,7 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
                                      SV *nonbitmap_invlist,
                                      SV *only_utf8_locale_invlist,
                                      const regnode * const node,
+                                     const U8 flags,
                                      const bool force_as_is_display)
 {
     /* Appends to 'sv' a displayable version of the innards of the bracketed
@@ -21798,6 +22162,7 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
      *  'node' is the regex pattern ANYOF node.  It is needed only when the
      *      above two parameters are not null, and is passed so that this
      *      routine can tease apart the various reasons for them.
+     *  'flags' is the flags field of 'node'
      *  'force_as_is_display' is TRUE if this routine should definitely NOT try
      *      to invert things to see if that leads to a cleaner display.  If
      *      FALSE, this routine is free to use its judgment about doing this.
@@ -21836,8 +22201,6 @@ S_put_charclass_bitmap_innards(pTHX_ SV *sv,
                                literally */
     SV* inverted_display;   /* The output string when we invert the inputs */
 
-    U8 flags = (node) ? ANYOF_FLAGS(node) : 0;
-
     bool invert = cBOOL(flags & ANYOF_INVERT);  /* Is the input to be inverted
                                                    to match? */
     /* We are biased in favor of displaying things without them being inverted,
@@ -22183,7 +22546,7 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ const regexp *r, const regnode *start, const regnode *node,
        else if ( op == PLUS || op == STAR) {
            DUMPUNTIL(NEXTOPER(node), NEXTOPER(node) + 1);
        }
-       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT) {
+       else if (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == EXACT || op == ANYOFHs) {
             /* Literal string, where present. */
            node += NODE_SZ_STR(node) - 1;
            node = NEXTOPER(node);
@@ -22213,6 +22576,17 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
 {
     dVAR;
 
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    char * dump_len_string;
+
+    dump_len_string = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DUMP_RE_MAX_LEN");
+    if (   ! dump_len_string
+        || ! grok_atoUV(dump_len_string, (UV *)&PL_dump_re_max_len, NULL))
+    {
+        PL_dump_re_max_len = 60;    /* A reasonable default */
+    }
+#endif
+
     PL_user_def_props = newHV();
 
 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
@@ -22222,7 +22596,7 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
 
 #endif
 
-    /* Set up the inversion list global variables */
+    /* Set up the inversion list interpreter-level variables */
 
     PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_ASCII] = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[UNI_ASCII]);
     PL_XPosix_ptrs[_CC_ALPHANUMERIC] = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[UNI_XPOSIXALNUM]);
@@ -22264,6 +22638,7 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
     PL_LB_invlist = _new_invlist_C_array(_Perl_LB_invlist);
     PL_SCX_invlist = _new_invlist_C_array(_Perl_SCX_invlist);
 
+    PL_InBitmap = _new_invlist_C_array(_Perl_InBitmap_invlist);
     PL_AboveLatin1 = _new_invlist_C_array(AboveLatin1_invlist);
     PL_Latin1 = _new_invlist_C_array(Latin1_invlist);
     PL_UpperLatin1 = _new_invlist_C_array(UpperLatin1_invlist);
@@ -22281,9 +22656,6 @@ Perl_init_uniprops(pTHX)
                                             UNI__PERL_FOLDS_TO_MULTI_CHAR]);
     PL_InMultiCharFold = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[
                                             UNI__PERL_IS_IN_MULTI_CHAR_FOLD]);
-    PL_NonFinalFold = _new_invlist_C_array(uni_prop_ptrs[
-                                            UNI__PERL_NON_FINAL_FOLDS]);
-
     PL_utf8_toupper = _new_invlist_C_array(Uppercase_Mapping_invlist);
     PL_utf8_tolower = _new_invlist_C_array(Lowercase_Mapping_invlist);
     PL_utf8_totitle = _new_invlist_C_array(Titlecase_Mapping_invlist);
@@ -23016,7 +23388,7 @@ Perl_parse_uniprop_string(pTHX_
                                 Titlecase Mapping  (both full and simple)
                                 Uppercase Mapping  (both full and simple)
              * Move the part that looks at the property values into a perl
-             * script, like utf8_heavy.pl is done.  This makes things somewhat
+             * script, like utf8_heavy.pl was done.  This makes things somewhat
              * easier, but most importantly, it avoids always adding all these
              * strings to the memory usage when the feature is little-used.
              *