The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
+
+=head1 "Gimme" Values
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GIMME
+
+A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
+Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+
+ U32 GIMME
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item GIMME_V
+
+The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
+C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
+respectively.
+
+ U32 GIMME_V
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.h
+
+=item G_ARRAY
+
+Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_DISCARD
+
+Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_EVAL
+
+Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_NOARGS
+
+Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_SCALAR
+
+Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
+L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+=item G_VOID
+
+Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file cop.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Array Manipulation Functions
+
=over 8
=item AvFILL
=for hackers
Found in file av.c
-=item ax
+=item get_av
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
-used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
-must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
+Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
- I32 ax
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item bytes_from_utf8
+=item newAV
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
-Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
-the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
-length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
-is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
-0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ AV* newAV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file av.c
+
+=item Nullav
+
+Null AV pointer.
- U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file av.h
-=item bytes_to_utf8
+=item sortsv
-Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
-Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
-reflect the new length.
+Sort an array. Here is an example:
-NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
-removed without notice.
+ sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
- U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+See lib/sort.pm for details about controlling the sorting algorithm.
+
+ void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file pp_sort.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Callback Functions
+
+=over 8
=item call_argv
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item CLASS
+=item ENTER
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
-class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
+Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
- char* CLASS
+ ENTER;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item Copy
+=item eval_pv
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
- void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+ SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
-=item croak
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
-Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
-function. See C<warn>.
+=item eval_sv
-If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
-C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
- errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
- sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
- croak(Nullch);
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
- void croak(const char* pat, ...)
+ I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item CvSTASH
+=item FREETMPS
-Returns the stash of the CV.
+Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
+ FREETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
-
-=item cv_const_sv
+Found in file scope.h
-If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
-value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
+=item LEAVE
-Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
-L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
+Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
- SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
+ LEAVE;
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dAX
+=item SAVETMPS
-Sets up the C<ax> variable.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
+Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
+L<perlcall>.
- dAX;
+ SAVETMPS;
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file scope.h
-=item dITEMS
-Sets up the C<items> variable.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
+=back
- dITEMS;
+=head1 Character classes
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=over 8
-=item dMARK
+=item isALNUM
-Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
-C<dORIGMARK>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
+character (including underscore) or digit.
- dMARK;
+ bool isALNUM(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dORIGMARK
+=item isALPHA
-Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
+character.
- dORIGMARK;
+ bool isALPHA(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dSP
+=item isDIGIT
-Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
-the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
+digit.
- dSP;
+ bool isDIGIT(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSARGS
+=item isLOWER
-Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
-Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
-This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
+character.
- dXSARGS;
+ bool isLOWER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item dXSI32
+=item isSPACE
-Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
-handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
- dXSI32;
+ bool isSPACE(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item ENTER
+=item isUPPER
-Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
+character.
- ENTER;
+ bool isUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item eval_pv
+=item toLOWER
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
+Converts the specified character to lowercase.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+ char toLOWER(char ch)
- SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
+=for hackers
+Found in file handy.h
+
+=item toUPPER
+
+Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+
+ char toUPPER(char ch)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item eval_sv
-Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 Cloning an interpreter
- I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+=item perl_clone
-=item EXTEND
+Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
-Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
-used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
-onto the stack.
+perl_clone takes these flags as parameters:
+
+CLONEf_COPY_STACKS - is used to, well, copy the stacks also,
+without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks,
+with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is
+ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one.
+The pseudo-fork code uses COPY_STACKS while the
+threads->new doesn't.
+
+CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE
+perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old
+variable as a key and the new variable as a value,
+this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not
+clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the
+refcount. If KEEP_PTR_TABLE is not set then perl_clone will kill
+the ptr_table using the function
+C<ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;>,
+reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own
+variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this
+code is in threads.xs create
+
+CLONEf_CLONE_HOST
+This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls
+win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on
+win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time,
+if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter
+and then throw it away and return to the original one,
+you don't need to do anything.
- void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item fbm_compile
-Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
--- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
+=back
- void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
+=head1 CV Manipulation Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=over 8
-=item fbm_instr
+=item CvSTASH
-Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
-C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
-does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
-then.
+Returns the stash of the CV.
- char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
+ HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file cv.h
-=item FREETMPS
+=item get_cv
-Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
+the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
+same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
+subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
- FREETMPS;
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+
+ CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item getcwd_sv
+=item Nullcv
-Fill the sv with current working directory
+Null CV pointer.
- int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file cv.h
-=item get_av
-Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=back
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+=head1 Embedding Functions
- AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
+=over 8
+
+=item cv_undef
+
+Clear out all the active components of a CV. This can happen either
+by an explicit C<undef &foo>, or by the reference count going to zero.
+In the former case, we keep the CvOUTSIDE pointer, so that any anonymous
+children can still follow the full lexical scope chain.
+
+ void cv_undef(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file op.c
-=item get_cv
+=item load_module
-Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
-the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
-same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
-subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
+Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
+Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
+Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
+PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
+(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
+similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
+arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
+method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+ void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
- CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
+=for hackers
+Found in file op.c
+
+=item nothreadhook
+
+Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
+no threads.
+
+ int nothreadhook()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_hv
-
-Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item perl_alloc
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item get_sv
-
-Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
-Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
-set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
+=item perl_construct
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
+ void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME
+=item perl_destruct
-A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
-Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
+Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME
+ int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item GIMME_V
+=item perl_free
-The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
-C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
-respectively.
+Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
- U32 GIMME_V
+ void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.h
+Found in file perl.c
-=item grok_bin
+=item perl_parse
-converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
+Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
-On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
-conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
-The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
-On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
-output flags.
+ int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
-If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
-and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
-returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
-and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
-is NULL).
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
-The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
-C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
-C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
-number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+=item perl_run
- UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+
+ int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file perl.c
-=item grok_hex
+=item require_pv
-converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
+Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
+analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
+implemented that way; consider using load_module instead.
-On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
-conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
-The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
-On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
-output flags.
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
-and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
-returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
-and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
-is NULL).
+ void require_pv(const char* pv)
-The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
-C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
-C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
-number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
- UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
-=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+=back
-=item grok_number
+=head1 Functions in file pp_pack.c
-Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
-(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
-IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
-IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
-If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
-IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
-will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
-to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
-If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
-valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+=over 8
-IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
-seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
-IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
-absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
-number is larger than a UV.
+=item packlist
- int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
+
+ void packlist(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item grok_numeric_radix
+=item pack_cat
-Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
+The engine implementing pack() Perl function. Note: parameters next_in_list and
+flags are not used. This call should not be used; use packlist instead.
- bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
+ void pack_cat(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item grok_oct
+=item unpackstring
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function.
- UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
+ I32 unpackstring(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strend, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item GvSV
+=item unpack_str
-Return the SV from the GV.
+The engine implementing unpack() Perl function. Note: parameters strbeg, new_s
+and ocnt are not used. This call should not be used, use unpackstring instead.
- SV* GvSV(GV* gv)
+ I32 unpack_str(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strbeg, char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file gv.h
+Found in file pp_pack.c
-=item gv_fetchmeth
-Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
-C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
-accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
+=back
-The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
-side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
-which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
+=head1 Global Variables
+
+=over 8
+
+=item PL_modglobal
+
+C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
+extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
+In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
+to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
+prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+
+ HV* PL_modglobal
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_na
+
+A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
+doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
+to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
+C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+
+ STRLEN PL_na
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file thrdvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_no
+
+This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_no>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_no
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_undef
+
+This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_undef
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+=item PL_sv_yes
+
+This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
+C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+
+ SV PL_sv_yes
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file intrpvar.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 GV Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item GvSV
+
+Return the SV from the GV.
+
+ SV* GvSV(GV* gv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.h
+
+=item gv_fetchmeth
+
+Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
+C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
+accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
+
+The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
+side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
+which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
+=item gv_fetchmeth_autoload
+
+Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
+Returns a glob for the subroutine.
+
+For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
+if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
+of the result may be zero.
+
+ GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file gv.c
+
=item gv_stashpv
Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
=for hackers
Found in file gv.c
-=item G_ARRAY
-Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Handy Values
-=item G_DISCARD
+=over 8
+
+=item HEf_SVKEY
+
+This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
+specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
+is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
-Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
-L<perlcall>.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file hv.h
-=item G_EVAL
+=item Nullch
-Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null character pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_NOARGS
+=item Nullsv
-Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
-L<perlcall>.
+Null SV pointer.
=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item G_SCALAR
-Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
-L<perlcall>.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
-=item G_VOID
+=over 8
-Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
+=item get_hv
-=for hackers
-Found in file cop.h
+Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-=item HEf_SVKEY
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
-specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
-is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
+ HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file perl.c
=item HeHASH
SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
-=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_fetch_ent
+
+Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
+C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
+if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
+will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
+accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
+static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
+store it somewhere.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterinit
+
+Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
+keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
+currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
+
+NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
+hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
+value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+
+
+ I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterkey
+
+Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
+C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+ char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterkeysv
+
+Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
+iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
+see C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+ SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternext
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+
+You may call C<hv_delete> or C<hv_delete_ent> on the hash entry that the
+iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your
+iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash
+with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged
+to free the entry on the next call to C<hv_iternext>, so you must not discard
+your iterator immediately else the entry will leak - call C<hv_iternext> to
+trigger the resource deallocation.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternextsv
+
+Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
+operation.
+
+ SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iternext_flags
+
+Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit> and C<hv_iternext>.
+The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS is
+set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition
+to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over.
+Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is
+C<&Perl_sv_placeholder>. Note that the implementation of placeholders and
+restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is
+insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_iterval
+
+Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
+C<hv_iterkey>.
+
+ SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_magic
+
+Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_store
+
+Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
+the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
+value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
+NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
+stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
+be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
+responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
+the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively
+a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to
+hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary SV for the key, so if your
+key data is not already in SV form then use hv_store in preference to
+hv_store_ent.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_store_ent
+
+Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
+parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
+compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
+NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
+stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
+contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
+described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
+incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
+decrementing it if the function returned NULL. Effectively a successful
+hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to C<val>. This is
+usually what you want; a newly created SV has a reference count of one, so
+if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store
+will own the only reference to the new SV, and your code doesn't need to do
+anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the C<key>;
+unlike C<val> it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct
+reference count on C<key> is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store
+is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary
+SV for the key, so if your key data is not already in SV form then use
+hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent.
+
+See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
+information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+
+ HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item hv_undef
+
+Undefines the hash.
+
+ void hv_undef(HV* tb)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item newHV
+
+Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
+
+ HV* newHV()
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.c
+
+=item Nullhv
+
+Null HV pointer.
+
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file hv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Magical Functions
+
+=over 8
+
+=item mg_clear
+
+Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_copy
+
+Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_find
+
+Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_free
+
+Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_free(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_get
+
+Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_get(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_length
+
+Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_magical
+
+Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item mg_set
+
+Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+
+ int mg_set(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file mg.c
+
+=item SvGETMAGIC
+
+Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
+
+ void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvLOCK
+
+Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvLOCK(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSETMAGIC
+
+Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
+argument more than once.
+
+ void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV
+
+Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
+
+Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
+
+ void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV
+
+Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
+more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSetSV_nosteal
+
+Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
+ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
+
+ void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvSHARE
+
+Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
+
+ void SvSHARE(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Memory Management
-=item hv_fetch_ent
+=over 8
-Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
-C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
-if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
-will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
-accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
-static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
-store it somewhere.
+=item Copy
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
- HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
+ void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item hv_iterinit
+Found in file handy.h
-Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
-keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
-currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
+=item Move
-NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
-hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
-value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
+source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
+the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
- I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
+ void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_iterkey
+=item New
-Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
-C<hv_iterinit>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
- char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
+ void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_iterkeysv
+=item Newc
-Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
-iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
-see C<hv_iterinit>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
+cast.
- SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
+ void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_iternext
+=item NEWSV
-Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
+Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
+bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
+tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
+space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
+C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
- HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
+
+ SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_iternextsv
+=item Newz
-Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
-operation.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
+memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
- SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
+ void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_iterval
+=item Poison
-Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
-C<hv_iterkey>.
+Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that
+hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
- SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
+ void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_magic
+=item Renew
-Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
- void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
+ void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item hv_store
+Found in file handy.h
-Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
-the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
-value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
-NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
-stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
-be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
-responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
-the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+=item Renewc
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
+cast.
- SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
+ void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item hv_store_ent
+Found in file handy.h
-Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
-parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
-compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
-NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
-stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
-contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He?> macros
-described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
-incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
-decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
+=item Safefree
-See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
-information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
- HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
+ void Safefree(void* ptr)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item hv_undef
+=item savepv
-Undefines the hash.
+Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
+string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
+determined by C<strlen()>. The memory allocated for the new string can
+be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- void hv_undef(HV* tb)
+ char* savepv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
-
-=item ibcmp_utf8
+Found in file util.c
-Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
-if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
-string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
-the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode.
+=item savepvn
-For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
-instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
-http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
+pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
+C<len> bytes from C<pv>. The memory allocated for the new string can be
+freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
- I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, bool ua, I32 len1, const char* b, bool ub, I32 len2)
+ char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item isALNUM
+=item savesharedpv
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
-character (including underscore) or digit.
+A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
+which is shared between threads.
- bool isALNUM(char ch)
+ char* savesharedpv(const char* pv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item isALPHA
+=item StructCopy
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
-character.
+This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
- bool isALPHA(char ch)
+ void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item isDIGIT
+=item Zero
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
-digit.
+The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
+destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
- bool isDIGIT(char ch)
+ void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
=for hackers
Found in file handy.h
-=item isLOWER
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
-character.
+=back
- bool isLOWER(char ch)
+=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+=over 8
-=item isSPACE
+=item fbm_compile
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
+Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
+-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
- bool isSPACE(char ch)
+ void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item isUPPER
+=item fbm_instr
-Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
-character.
+Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
+C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
+does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
+then.
- bool isUPPER(char ch)
+ char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item is_utf8_char
+=item form
-Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
-character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid UTF-8 character.
-The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
-it is valid, otherwise 0.
+Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
+(non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
- STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+ (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
-=item is_utf8_string
+ char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
-Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
-string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
-'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
-UTF8 string.
+Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
+must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
+are done).
- bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+ char* form(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item items
+=item getcwd_sv
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
-items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
+Fill the sv with current working directory
- I32 items
+ int getcwd_sv(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item ix
+=item new_version
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
-XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
+Returns a new version object based on the passed in SV:
- I32 ix
+ SV *sv = new_version(SV *ver);
+
+Does not alter the passed in ver SV. See "upg_version" if you
+want to upgrade the SV.
+
+ SV* new_version(SV *ver)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item LEAVE
+=item scan_version
-Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
+Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
+version string, as well as upgrading the passed in SV to
+an RV.
- LEAVE;
+Function must be called with an already existing SV like
+
+ sv = NEWSV(92,0);
+ s = scan_version(s,sv);
+
+Performs some preprocessing to the string to ensure that
+it has the correct characteristics of a version. Flags the
+object if it contains an underscore (which denotes this
+is a beta version).
+
+ char* scan_version(char *vstr, SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item load_module
+=item strEQ
-Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
-Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
-Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
-PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
-(or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
-similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
-arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
-method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
- void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...)
+ bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item looks_like_number
+=item strGE
-Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
-C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
-non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
+the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
+ bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item MARK
+=item strGT
-Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+
+ bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_clear
+=item strLE
-Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
+second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- int mg_clear(SV* sv)
+ bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_copy
+=item strLT
-Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
+Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
+C<s2>. Returns true or false.
- int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
+ bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_find
+=item strNE
-Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
+false.
- MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
+ bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_free
+=item strnEQ
-Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
+the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
+C<strncmp>).
- int mg_free(SV* sv)
+ bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_get
+=item strnNE
-Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
+indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
+wrapper for C<strncmp>).
- int mg_get(SV* sv)
+ bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file handy.h
-=item mg_length
+=item sv_nolocking
-Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
+Dummy routine which "locks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nolocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item mg_magical
+=item sv_nosharing
-Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- void mg_magical(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nosharing(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item mg_set
+=item sv_nounlocking
-Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
+Dummy routine which "unlocks" an SV when there is no locking module present.
+Exists to avoid test for a NULL function pointer and because it could potentially warn under
+some level of strict-ness.
- int mg_set(SV* sv)
+ void sv_nounlocking(SV *)
=for hackers
-Found in file mg.c
+Found in file util.c
-=item Move
+=item upg_version
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
-source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
-the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
+In-place upgrade of the supplied SV to a version object.
- void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
+ SV *sv = upg_version(SV *sv);
+
+Returns a pointer to the upgraded SV.
+
+ SV* upg_version(SV *ver)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item New
+=item vcmp
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
+Version object aware cmp. Both operands must already have been
+converted into version objects.
- void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ int vcmp(SV *lvs, SV *rvs)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
-=item newAV
+=item vnumify
-Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized floating
+point representation. Call like:
- AV* newAV()
+ sv = vnumify(rv);
-=for hackers
-Found in file av.c
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
-=item Newc
+ SV* vnumify(SV *vs)
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
-cast.
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
- void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+=item vstringify
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Accepts a version object and returns the normalized string
+representation. Call like:
-=item newCONSTSUB
+ sv = vstringify(rv);
-Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
-eligible for inlining at compile-time.
+NOTE: you can pass either the object directly or the SV
+contained within the RV.
- CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
+ SV* vstringify(SV *vs)
=for hackers
-Found in file op.c
-
-=item newHV
+Found in file util.c
-Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
- HV* newHV()
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file hv.c
+=head1 Numeric functions
-=item newRV_inc
+=over 8
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
-incremented.
+=item grok_bin
- SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
+converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
-=item newRV_noinc
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_bin>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
-Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
-SV is B<not> incremented.
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0b" or "b" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the binary
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
- SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
+ UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
-=item newSV
+Found in file numeric.c
-Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
-with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
-macro.
+=item grok_hex
- SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
+converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+On entry I<start> and I<*len> give the string to scan, I<*flags> gives
+conversion flags, and I<result> should be NULL or a pointer to an NV.
+The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first non-hex-digit character.
+On return I<*len> is set to the length scanned string, and I<*flags> gives
+output flags.
-=item NEWSV
+If the value is <= UV_MAX it is returned as a UV, the output flags are clear,
+and nothing is written to I<*result>. If the value is > UV_MAX C<grok_hex>
+returns UV_MAX, sets C<PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX> in the output flags,
+and writes the value to I<*result> (or the value is discarded if I<result>
+is NULL).
-Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
-bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
-tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
-space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
-C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
+The hex number may optionally be prefixed with "0x" or "x" unless
+C<PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX> is set in I<*flags> on entry. If
+C<PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES> is set in I<*flags> then the hex
+number may use '_' characters to separate digits.
- SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
+ UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSViv
+=item grok_number
-Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1.
+Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned
+(0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV, IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX, IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT,
+IS_NUMBER_NEG, IS_NUMBER_INFINITY, IS_NUMBER_NAN (defined in perl.h).
- SV* newSViv(IV i)
+If the value of the number can fit an in UV, it is returned in the *valuep
+IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
+will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned
+to during processing even though IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set on return.
+If valuep is NULL, IS_NUMBER_IN_UV will be set for the same cases as when
+valuep is non-NULL, but no actual assignment (or SEGV) will occur.
+
+IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT will be set with IS_NUMBER_IN_UV if trailing decimals were
+seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and
+IS_NUMBER_NEG if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the
+absolute value). IS_NUMBER_IN_UV is not set if e notation was used or the
+number is larger than a UV.
+
+ int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVnv
+=item grok_numeric_radix
-Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix).
- SV* newSVnv(NV n)
+ bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVpv
+=item grok_oct
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
-strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
- SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVpvf
+=item scan_bin
-Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
-C<sprintf>.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
- SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
+ NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVpvn
+=item scan_hex
-Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
-SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
-string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
-C<len> bytes long.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
- SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
+ NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVpvn_share
+=item scan_oct
-Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
-table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
-first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
-slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
-otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
-is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
-hash lookup will avoid string compare.
+For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
- SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
+ NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file numeric.c
-=item newSVrv
-Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
-it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
-be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
-reference count is 1.
+=back
+
+=head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
- SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=item cv_const_sv
-=item newSVsv
+If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
+value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
-Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
-(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
+Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
+L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
- SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
+ SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file op.c
-=item newSVuv
+=item newCONSTSUB
-Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
-The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
+Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
+eligible for inlining at compile-time.
- SV* newSVuv(UV u)
+ CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file op.c
=item newXS
=for hackers
Found in file op.c
-=item newXSproto
-Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
-the subs.
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=head1 Pad Data Structures
-=item Newz
+=over 8
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
-memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
+=item pad_sv
- void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+Get the value at offset po in the current pad.
+Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.
+
+ SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pad.c
-=item new_vstring
-Returns a pointer to the next character after the parsed
-vstring, as well as updating the passed in sv.
- *
-Function must be called like
-
- sv = NEWSV(92,5);
- s = new_vstring(s,sv);
+=back
-The sv must already be large enough to store the vstring
-passed in.
+=head1 Stack Manipulation Macros
- char* new_vstring(char *vstr, SV *sv)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+=item dMARK
-=item Nullav
+Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
+C<dORIGMARK>.
-Null AV pointer.
+ dMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file av.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullch
+=item dORIGMARK
-Null character pointer.
+Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
+
+ dORIGMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullcv
+=item dSP
-Null CV pointer.
+Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
+the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
+
+ dSP;
=for hackers
-Found in file cv.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullhv
+=item EXTEND
-Null HV pointer.
+Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
+used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
+onto the stack.
+
+ void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
=for hackers
-Found in file hv.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item Nullsv
+=item MARK
-Null SV pointer.
+Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file pp.h
=item ORIGMARK
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_alloc
+=item POPi
-Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops an integer off the stack.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
+ IV POPi
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_clone
+=item POPl
-Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one.
+Pops a long off the stack.
- PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags)
+ long POPl
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_construct
+=item POPn
-Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a double off the stack.
- void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ NV POPn
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_destruct
+=item POPp
-Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
+a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
- int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* POPp
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_free
+=item POPpbytex
-Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
- void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ char* POPpbytex
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_parse
+=item POPpx
-Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops a string off the stack.
+Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
- int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
+ char* POPpx
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item perl_run
+=item POPs
-Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
+Pops an SV off the stack.
- int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
+ SV* POPs
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_modglobal
+=item PUSHi
-C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
-extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
-In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
-to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
-prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
+Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
- HV* PL_modglobal
+ void PUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_na
+=item PUSHMARK
-A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
-doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
-to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
-C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
+Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
+L<perlcall>.
- STRLEN PL_na
+ PUSHMARK;
=for hackers
-Found in file thrdvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_no
+=item PUSHn
-This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_no>.
+Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
- SV PL_sv_no
+ void PUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_undef
+=item PUSHp
-This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
+Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<XPUSHp>.
- SV PL_sv_undef
+ void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item PL_sv_yes
+=item PUSHs
-This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
-C<&PL_sv_yes>.
+Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
+Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
- SV PL_sv_yes
+ void PUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file intrpvar.h
+Found in file pp.h
-=item POPi
+=item PUSHu
-Pops an integer off the stack.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
+element. See C<XPUSHu>.
- IV POPi
+ void PUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPl
+=item PUTBACK
-Pops a long off the stack.
+Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
+See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
- long POPl
+ PUTBACK;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPn
+=item SP
-Pops a double off the stack.
+Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
+C<SPAGAIN>.
- NV POPn
+=for hackers
+Found in file pp.h
+
+=item SPAGAIN
+
+Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+
+ SPAGAIN;
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPp
+=item XPUSHi
-Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should provide
-a STRLEN n_a and use POPpx.
+Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
- char* POPp
+ void XPUSHi(IV iv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPpbytex
+=item XPUSHn
-Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
+'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
- char* POPpbytex
+ void XPUSHn(NV nv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPpx
+=item XPUSHp
-Pops a string off the stack.
-Requires a variable STRLEN n_a in scope.
+Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
+indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
+C<PUSHp>.
- char* POPpx
+ void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item POPs
+=item XPUSHs
-Pops an SV off the stack.
+Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
+handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
- SV* POPs
+ void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHi
+=item XPUSHu
-Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
+Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
+See C<PUSHu>.
- void PUSHi(IV iv)
+ void XPUSHu(UV uv)
=for hackers
Found in file pp.h
-=item PUSHMARK
+=item XSRETURN
-Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
-L<perlcall>.
+Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
+handled by C<xsubpp>.
- PUSHMARK;
+ void XSRETURN(int nitems)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHn
+=item XSRETURN_IV
-Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
- void PUSHn(NV nv)
+ void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHp
+=item XSRETURN_NO
-Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<XPUSHp>.
+Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
- void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ XSRETURN_NO;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHs
+=item XSRETURN_NV
-Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
-Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
+Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
- void PUSHs(SV* sv)
+ void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUSHu
+=item XSRETURN_PV
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
-element. See C<XPUSHu>.
+Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
- void PUSHu(UV uv)
+ void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item PUTBACK
+=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
-Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
-See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
+Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
- PUTBACK;
+ XSRETURN_UNDEF;
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item pv_uni_display
+=item XSRETURN_UV
-Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
-length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
-(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
-The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUV>.
- char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+ void XSRETURN_UV(IV uv)
=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Renew
+=item XSRETURN_YES
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
+Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
- void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
+ XSRETURN_YES;
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Renewc
+=item XST_mIV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
-cast.
+Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
+value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
+ void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
-
-=item require_pv
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
-analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
-implemented that way; consider using Perl_load_module instead.
+=item XST_mNO
-NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
+Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- void require_pv(const char* pv)
+ void XST_mNO(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file perl.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item RETVAL
+=item XST_mNV
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
-L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
+Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
+is stored in a new mortal SV.
- (whatever) RETVAL
+ void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Safefree
+=item XST_mPV
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
+Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
+The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
- void Safefree(void* ptr)
+ void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item savepv
+=item XST_mUNDEF
-Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
+Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- char* savepv(const char* sv)
+ void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
+Found in file XSUB.h
-=item savepvn
+=item XST_mYES
-Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
-copy. This does not use an SV.
+Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
+stack.
- char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
+ void XST_mYES(int pos)
=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item SAVETMPS
+Found in file XSUB.h
-Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
-L<perlcall>.
- SAVETMPS;
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file scope.h
+=head1 SV Flags
-=item scan_bin
+=over 8
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_bin> instead.
+=item svtype
- NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
+in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
-
-=item scan_hex
+Found in file sv.h
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_hex> instead.
+=item SVt_IV
- NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
-
-=item scan_oct
+Found in file sv.h
-For backwards compatibility. Use C<grok_oct> instead.
+=item SVt_NV
- NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen)
+Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file numeric.c
-
-=item sharedsv_find
+Found in file sv.h
-Tries to find if a given SV has a shared backend, either by
-looking at magic, or by checking if it is tied again threads::shared.
+=item SVt_PV
- shared_sv* sharedsv_find(SV* sv)
+Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
-
-=item sharedsv_init
+Found in file sv.h
-Saves a space for keeping SVs wider than an interpreter,
-currently only stores a pointer to the first interpreter.
+=item SVt_PVAV
- void sharedsv_init()
+Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item sharedsv_lock
+=item SVt_PVCV
-Recursive locks on a sharedsv.
-Locks are dynamically scoped at the level of the first lock.
- void sharedsv_lock(shared_sv* ssv)
+Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item sharedsv_new
+=item SVt_PVHV
-Allocates a new shared sv struct, you must yourself create the SV/AV/HV.
- shared_sv* sharedsv_new()
+Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
-
-=item sharedsv_thrcnt_dec
+Found in file sv.h
-Decrements the threadcount of a shared sv. When a threads frontend is freed
-this function should be called.
+=item SVt_PVMG
- void sharedsv_thrcnt_dec(shared_sv* ssv)
+Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+Found in file sv.h
-=item sharedsv_thrcnt_inc
-Increments the threadcount of a sharedsv.
- void sharedsv_thrcnt_inc(shared_sv* ssv)
+=back
-=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
-=item sharedsv_unlock
+=over 8
-Recursively unlocks a shared sv.
+=item get_sv
- void sharedsv_unlock(shared_sv* ssv)
+Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
+Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
+set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
-=for hackers
-Found in file sharedsv.c
+NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
-=item sortsv
+ SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
-Sort an array. Here is an example:
+=for hackers
+Found in file perl.c
- sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale);
+=item looks_like_number
- void sortsv(SV ** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp)
+Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
+C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
+non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
+
+ I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp_sort.c
+Found in file sv.c
-=item SP
+=item newRV_inc
-Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
-C<SPAGAIN>.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
+incremented.
+
+ SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.h
-=item SPAGAIN
+=item newRV_noinc
-Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
+Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
+SV is B<not> incremented.
- SPAGAIN;
+ SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item ST
+=item newSV
-Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
+Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
+with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
+macro.
- SV* ST(int ix)
+ SV* newSV(STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strEQ
+=item newSViv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1.
- bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSViv(IV i)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGE
+=item newSVnv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
-the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVnv(NV n)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strGT
+=item newSVpv
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
+strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
- bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLE
+=item newSVpvf
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
-second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and initializes it with the string formatted like
+C<sprintf>.
- bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strLT
+=item newSVpvn
-Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
-C<s2>. Returns true or false.
+Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
+SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
+string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
+C<len> bytes long.
- bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strNE
+=item newSVpvn_share
-Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
-false.
+Creates a new SV with its SvPVX pointing to a shared string in the string
+table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created
+first. Turns on READONLY and FAKE. The string's hash is stored in the UV
+slot of the SV; if the C<hash> parameter is non-zero, that value is used;
+otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table
+is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and
+hash lookup will avoid string compare.
- bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
+ SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnEQ
+=item newSVrv
-Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
-the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
-C<strncmp>).
+Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
+it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
+be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
+reference count is 1.
- bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item strnNE
+=item newSVsv
-Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
-indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
-wrapper for C<strncmp>).
+Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
+(Uses C<sv_setsv>).
- bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
+ SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
-=item StructCopy
+=item newSVuv
-This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
+Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
+The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
- void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
+ SV* newSVuv(UV u)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file sv.c
=item SvCUR
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvGETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvGROW
Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvIsCOW
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write. (either shared
+hash key scalars, or full Copy On Write scalars if 5.9.0 is configured for
+COW)
+
+ bool SvIsCOW(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
+=item SvIsCOW_shared_hash
+
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is Copy-On-Write shared hash key
+scalar.
+
+ bool SvIsCOW_shared_hash(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvIV
Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it. See C<SvIVx> for a
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVx
+=item SvNVX
-Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
-sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
+Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
- NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvNVX
+=item SvNVx
-Returns the raw value in the SV's NV slot, without checks or conversions.
-Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also C<SvNV()>.
+Coerces the given SV to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate
+sv only once. Use the more efficient C<SvNV> otherwise.
- NV SvNVX(SV* sv)
+ NV SvNVx(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvPV
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic. See also
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified version becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic. See also
C<SvPVx> for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient C<SvPVbyte>
otherwise.
-
char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPVX
+=item SvPVx
-Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
-string.
+A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
- char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
+ char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvPVx
+=item SvPVX
-A version of C<SvPV> which guarantees to evaluate sv only once.
+Returns a pointer to the physical string in the SV. The SV must contain a
+string.
- char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
+ char* SvPVX(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=item SvPV_force
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly.
char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=item SvPV_force_nomg
-Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
-force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly. Doesn't process magic.
+Like C<SvPV> but will force the SV into containing just a string
+(C<SvPOK_only>). You want force if you are going to update the C<SvPVX>
+directly. Doesn't process magic.
char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
=item SvPV_nolen
-Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
-if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
+Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of
+the SV if the SV does not contain a string. The SV may cache the
+stringified form becoming C<SvPOK>. Handles 'get' magic.
char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvSETMAGIC
-
-Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
-argument more than once.
-
- void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetMagicSV
-
-Like C<SvSetSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
-
- void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetMagicSV_nosteal
-
-Like C<SvSetMagicSV>, but does any set magic required afterwards.
-
- void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV
-
-Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
-more than once.
-
- void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvSetSV_nosteal
-
-Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
-ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
-
- void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
=item SvSTASH
Returns the stash of the SV.
=item SvTAINT
-Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
-
- void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTAINTED
-
-Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
-not.
-
- bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTAINTED_off
-
-Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
-some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
-use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
-unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
-standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
-untainting variables.
-
- void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTAINTED_on
-
-Marks an SV as tainted.
-
- void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTRUE
-
-Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
-false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
-
- bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item svtype
-
-An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
-in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SvTYPE
-
-Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
-
- svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.h
-
-=item SVt_IV
+Taints an SV if tainting is enabled.
-Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+ void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_NV
+=item SvTAINTED
-Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
+not.
+
+ bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PV
+=item SvTAINTED_off
-Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
+Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
+some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
+use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
+unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
+standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
+untainting variables.
+
+ void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVAV
+=item SvTAINTED_on
-Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
+Marks an SV as tainted if tainting is enabled.
+
+ void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVCV
+=item SvTRUE
-Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
+false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
+
+ bool SvTRUE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVHV
+=item SvTYPE
-Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
+Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
+
+ svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SVt_PVMG
+=item SvUNLOCK
+
+Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module
+has been loaded.
-Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
+
+ void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
+=item SvUVX
+
+Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
+Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+
+ UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.h
+
=item SvUVx
Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
-=item SvUVX
+=item SvVOK
-Returns the raw value in the SV's UV slot, without checks or conversions.
-Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also C<SvUV()>.
+Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a v-string.
- UV SvUVX(SV* sv)
+ bool SvVOK(SV* sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.h
SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
string. Uses the "OOK hack".
+Beware: after this function returns, C<ptr> and SvPVX(sv) may no longer
+refer to the same chunk of data.
void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_copypv
+
+Copies a stringified representation of the source SV into the
+destination SV. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and
+coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve
+UTF-8 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to
+sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an SV instead of just the
+string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that
+would lose the UTF-8'ness of the PV.
+
+ void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_dec
Auto-decrement of the value in the SV, doing string to numeric conversion
Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
-an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
-when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
+an xpvmg; if we're a copy-on-write scalar, this is the on-write time when
+we do the copy, and is also used locally. If C<SV_COW_DROP_PV> is set
+then a copy-on-write scalar drops its PV buffer (if any) and becomes
+SvPOK_off rather than making a copy. (Used where this scalar is about to be
+set to some other value.) In addition, the C<flags> parameter gets passed to
+C<sv_unref_flags()> when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function
+with flags set to 0.
void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags)
Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
-C<name> is assumed to contain an C<SV*> if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)>
-
void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
+=item sv_magicext
+
+Adds magic to an SV, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the
+supplied vtable and returns pointer to the magic added.
+
+Note that sv_magicext will allow things that sv_magic will not.
+In particular you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and and more than
+one instance of the same 'how'
+
+I C<namelen> is greater then zero then a savepvn() I<copy> of C<name> is stored,
+if C<namelen> is zero then C<name> is stored as-is and - as another special
+case - if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)> then C<name> is assumed to contain
+an C<SV*> and has its REFCNT incremented
+
+(This is now used as a subroutine by sv_magic.)
+
+ MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen )
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
=item sv_mortalcopy
Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV (using C<sv_setsv>).
=item sv_pv
-A private implementation of the C<SvPV_nolen> macro for compilers which can't
-cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead.
+Use the C<SvPV_nolen> macro instead
char* sv_pv(SV *sv)
=item sv_pvbyte
-A private implementation of the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro for compilers
-which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
-instead.
+Use C<SvPVbyte_nolen> instead.
char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv)
=item sv_pvutf8
-A private implementation of the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro for compilers
-which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro
-instead.
+Use the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro instead
char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv)
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_recode_to_utf8
-
-The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
-of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
-will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
-
-If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
-is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
-an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
-(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
-
-The PV of the sv is returned.
-
- char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
-
=item sv_reftype
Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
-C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
-a reference count of 1.
+C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will have a reference count
+of 1, and the RV will be returned.
Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
-will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
+will have a reference count of 1, and the RV will be returned.
SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv)
C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
-
void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
=for hackers
=for hackers
Found in file sv.c
-=item sv_uni_display
-
-Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
-he displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
-(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
-The flags argument is currently unused but available for future extensions.
-The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
-
- char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
-
=item sv_unmagic
Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
true, croaks.
+This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.
Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
if all the bytes have hibit clear.
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
=for hackers
will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
+This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface:
+use the Encode extension for that.
+
STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags)
=for hackers
void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
-=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_vsetpvfn
+
+Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
+appending it.
+
+Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+
+ void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Unicode Support
+
+=over 8
+
+=item bytes_from_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
+Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
+the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
+length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
+is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
+0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item bytes_to_utf8
+
+Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
+Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
+reflect the new length.
+
+If you want to convert to UTF8 from other encodings than ASCII,
+see sv_recode_to_utf8().
+
+NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
+removed without notice.
+
+ U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item ibcmp_utf8
+
+Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case-insensitively, false
+if not (if they are equal case-insensitively). If u1 is true, the
+string s1 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true,
+the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF-8-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2
+are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8-bit
+encoding.
+
+If the pe1 and pe2 are non-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied
+in there (they will point at the beginning of the I<next> character).
+If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non-NULL, they are the end
+pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any
+circustances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non-zero, s1+l1 and
+s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan,
+and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans
+that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for
+a match to succeed).
+
+For case-insensitiveness, the "casefolding" of Unicode is used
+instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see
+http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings).
+
+ I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_char
+
+Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
+character. Note that an INVARIANT (i.e. ASCII) character is a valid
+UTF-8 character. The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character
+will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0.
+
+ STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item is_utf8_string
+
+Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid
+UTF8 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does
+not mean 'a string that contains code points above 0x7F encoded in
+UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid UTF8 string.
+
+ bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item pv_uni_display
+
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv,
+length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
+
+The flags argument can have UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT set to display
+isPRINT()able characters as themselves, UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH
+to display the \\[nrfta\\] as the backslashed versions (like '\n')
+(UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH is preferred over UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT for \\).
+UNI_DISPLAY_QQ (and its alias UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX) have both
+UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH and UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT turned on.
+
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item sv_cat_decode
+
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the PV of the ssv is
+assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts
+from the position which (PV + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be
+concatenated the decoded UTF-8 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate
+when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on
+the PV of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified
+to the last input position on the ssv.
+
+Returns TRUE if the terminator was found, else returns FALSE.
+
+ bool sv_cat_decode(SV* dsv, SV *encoding, SV *ssv, int *offset, char* tstr, int tlen)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_recode_to_utf8
+
+The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the PV
+of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv
+will be converted into Unicode (and UTF-8).
+
+If the sv already is UTF-8 (or if it is not POK), or if the encoding
+is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not
+an C<Encode::XS> Encoding object, bad things will happen.
+(See F<lib/encoding.pm> and L<Encode>).
+
+The PV of the sv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file sv.c
+
+=item sv_uni_display
+
+Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv,
+the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long
+(if longer, the rest is truncated and "..." will be appended).
+
+The flags argument is as in pv_uni_display().
+
+The pointer to the PV of the dsv is returned.
+
+ char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
+
+=item to_utf8_case
+
+The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
+the character that is being converted.
+
+The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
+conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
+of the result.
+
+The "swashp" is a pointer to the swash to use.
-=item sv_vsetpvfn
+Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl,
+and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually,
+but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first.
-Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
-appending it.
+The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means the
+hash %utf8::ToSpecLower. The access to the hash is through
+Perl_to_utf8_case().
-Usually used via one of its frontends C<sv_setpvf> and C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
+The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
+%utf8::ToLower.
- void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
+ UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
=for hackers
-Found in file sv.c
+Found in file utf8.c
-=item THIS
+=item to_utf8_fold
-Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
-XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
-L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_FOLD+1 bytes since the
+foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to
+three characters).
- (whatever) THIS
+The first character of the foldcased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+ UV to_utf8_fold(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
-=item toLOWER
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
-Converts the specified character to lowercase.
+=item to_utf8_lower
- char toLOWER(char ch)
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+lowercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+The first character of the lowercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
-=item toUPPER
+ UV to_utf8_lower(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
-Converts the specified character to uppercase.
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
- char toUPPER(char ch)
+=item to_utf8_title
-=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+titlecase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
-=item to_utf8_case
+The first character of the titlecased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
-The "p" contains the pointer to the UTF-8 string encoding
-the character that is being converted.
+ UV to_utf8_title(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
-The "ustrp" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the
-conversion result to. The "lenp" is a pointer to the length
-of the result.
+=for hackers
+Found in file utf8.c
-The "swash" is a pointer to the swash to use.
+=item to_utf8_upper
-The "normal" is a string like "ToLower" which means the swash
-$utf8::ToLower, which is stored in lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl,
-and loaded by SWASHGET, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl.
+Convert the UTF-8 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and
+store that in UTF-8 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note
+that the ustrp needs to be at least UTF8_MAXLEN_UCLC+1 bytes since the
+uppercase version may be longer than the original character (up to two
+characters).
-The "special" is a string like "utf8::ToSpecLower", which means
-the hash %utf8::ToSpecLower, which is stored in the same file,
-lib/unicore/To/Lower.pl, and also loaded by SWASHGET. The access
-to the hash is by Perl_to_utf8_case().
+The first character of the uppercased version is returned
+(but note, as explained above, that there may be more.)
- UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swash, char *normal, char *special)
+ UV to_utf8_upper(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp)
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c
-=item uvuni_to_utf8
+=item uvuni_to_utf8_flags
Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
end of the new character. In other words,
- d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
-
-is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-
- *(d++) = uv;
-
- U8* uvuni_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file utf8.c
-
-=item warn
-
-This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
-function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
-C<croak>.
-
- void warn(const char* pat, ...)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file util.c
-
-=item XPUSHi
-
-Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
-
- void XPUSHi(IV iv)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags);
-=item XPUSHn
+or, in most cases,
-Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
-'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv);
- void XPUSHn(NV nv)
+(which is equivalent to)
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+ d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0);
-=item XPUSHp
+is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
-Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
-indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
-C<PUSHp>.
+ *(d++) = uv;
- void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
+ U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags)
=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-
-=item XPUSHs
-
-Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
-handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
-
- void XPUSHs(SV* sv)
+Found in file utf8.c
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
-=item XPUSHu
+=back
-Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
-See C<PUSHu>.
+=head1 Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
- void XPUSHu(UV uv)
+=over 8
-=for hackers
-Found in file pp.h
+=item ax
-=item XS
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the stack base offset,
+used by the C<ST>, C<XSprePUSH> and C<XSRETURN> macros. The C<dMARK> macro
+must be called prior to setup the C<MARK> variable.
-Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
-C<xsubpp>.
+ I32 ax
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN
+=item CLASS
-Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
-handled by C<xsubpp>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
+class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
- void XSRETURN(int nitems)
+ char* CLASS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
+=item dAX
-Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
+Sets up the C<ax> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- XSRETURN_EMPTY;
+ dAX;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_IV
+=item dITEMS
-Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
+Sets up the C<items> variable.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp> by calling C<dXSARGS>.
- void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
+ dITEMS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NO
+=item dXSARGS
-Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
+Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK.
+Sets up the C<ax> and C<items> variables by calling C<dAX> and C<dITEMS>.
+This is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- XSRETURN_NO;
+ dXSARGS;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_NV
+=item dXSI32
-Return a double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
+Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
+handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
- void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
+ dXSI32;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_PV
+=item items
-Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
+items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
- void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
+ I32 items
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_UNDEF
+=item ix
-Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
+XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
- XSRETURN_UNDEF;
+ I32 ix
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XSRETURN_YES
-
-Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
+=item newXSproto
- XSRETURN_YES;
+Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
+the subs.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mIV
+=item RETVAL
-Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
-value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
+L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
- void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
+ (whatever) RETVAL
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNO
+=item ST
-Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
+Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
- void XST_mNO(int pos)
+ SV* ST(int ix)
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mNV
+=item THIS
-Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
-is stored in a new mortal SV.
+Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
+XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
+L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
- void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
+ (whatever) THIS
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mPV
-
-Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
-The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
+=item XS
- void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
+Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
+C<xsubpp>.
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item XST_mUNDEF
-
-Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
-
- void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
-
-=for hackers
-Found in file XSUB.h
+=item XSRETURN_EMPTY
-=item XST_mYES
+Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
-Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
-stack.
- void XST_mYES(int pos)
+ XSRETURN_EMPTY;
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h
-=item Zero
-The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
-destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
+=back
- void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
+=head1 Warning and Dieing
+
+=over 8
+
+=item croak
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
+Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
+function. See C<warn>.
+
+If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
+C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
+
+ errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
+ sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
+ croak(Nullch);
+
+ void croak(const char* pat, ...)
=for hackers
-Found in file handy.h
+Found in file util.c
+
+=item warn
+
+This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
+function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
+C<croak>.
+
+ void warn(const char* pat, ...)
+
+=for hackers
+Found in file util.c
+
=back
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