This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
regexes: make scanning for ANYOF faster
[perl5.git] / regexec.c
index 057e993..f6f293d 100644 (file)
--- a/regexec.c
+++ b/regexec.c
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ static const char* const non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required
                 = "Can't match, because target string needs to be in UTF-8\n";
 #endif
 
-#define NON_UTF8_TARGET_BUT_UTF8_REQUIRED(target) STMT_START { \
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required));\
-    goto target; \
+#define NON_UTF8_TARGET_BUT_UTF8_REQUIRED(target) STMT_START {           \
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "%s", non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required));\
+    goto target;                                                         \
 } STMT_END
 
 #define HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE(i) _HAS_NONLATIN1_FOLD_CLOSURE_ONLY_FOR_USE_BY_REGCOMP_DOT_C_AND_REGEXEC_DOT_C(i)
@@ -107,11 +107,12 @@ static const char* const non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required
 #define        STATIC  static
 #endif
 
-/* Valid only for non-utf8 strings: avoids the reginclass
- * call if there are no complications: i.e., if everything matchable is
- * straight forward in the bitmap */
-#define REGINCLASS(prog,p,c)  (ANYOF_FLAGS(p) ? reginclass(prog,p,c,c+1,0)   \
-                                             : ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(p,*(c)))
+/* Valid only if 'c', the character being looke-up, is an invariant under
+ * UTF-8: it avoids the reginclass call if there are no complications: i.e., if
+ * everything matchable is straight forward in the bitmap */
+#define REGINCLASS(prog,p,c,u)  (ANYOF_FLAGS(p)                             \
+                                ? reginclass(prog,p,c,c+1,u)                \
+                                : ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(p,*(c)))
 
 /*
  * Forwards.
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ static const char* const non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required
 
 #define HOPBACKc(pos, off) \
        (char*)(reginfo->is_utf8_target \
-           ? reghopmaybe3((U8*)pos, -off, (U8*)(reginfo->strbeg)) \
+           ? reghopmaybe3((U8*)pos, (SSize_t)0-off, (U8*)(reginfo->strbeg)) \
            : (pos - off >= reginfo->strbeg)    \
                ? (U8*)pos - off                \
                : NULL)
@@ -212,7 +213,8 @@ static const char* const non_utf8_target_but_utf8_required
 */
 #define JUMPABLE(rn) (                                                             \
     OP(rn) == OPEN ||                                                              \
-    (OP(rn) == CLOSE && (!cur_eval || cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren != ARG(rn))) || \
+    (OP(rn) == CLOSE &&                                                            \
+     !EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS(cur_eval,ARG(rn)) ) ||                                   \
     OP(rn) == EVAL ||                                                              \
     OP(rn) == SUSPEND || OP(rn) == IFMATCH ||                                      \
     OP(rn) == PLUS || OP(rn) == MINMOD ||                                          \
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ static regmatch_state * S_push_slab(pTHX);
  * are needed for the regexp context stack bookkeeping. */
 
 STATIC CHECKPOINT
-S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
+S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen _pDEPTH)
 {
     const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
     const int paren_elems_to_push =
@@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
                    (int)parenfloor, (unsigned)REGCP_PAREN_ELEMS);
 
     if ((elems_shifted >> SAVE_TIGHT_SHIFT) != total_elems)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: paren_elems_to_push offset %"UVuf
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: paren_elems_to_push offset %" UVuf
                   " out of range (%lu-%ld)",
                   total_elems,
                    (unsigned long)maxopenparen,
@@ -298,9 +300,10 @@ S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
     
     DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(
        if ((int)maxopenparen > (int)parenfloor)
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "rex=0x%"UVxf" offs=0x%"UVxf": saving capture indices:\n",
-               PTR2UV(rex),
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+               "rex=0x%" UVxf " offs=0x%" UVxf ": saving capture indices:\n",
+               depth,
+                PTR2UV(rex),
                PTR2UV(rex->offs)
            );
     );
@@ -309,9 +312,10 @@ S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
        SSPUSHIV(rex->offs[p].end);
        SSPUSHIV(rex->offs[p].start);
        SSPUSHINT(rex->offs[p].start_tmp);
-       DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "    \\%"UVuf": %"IVdf"(%"IVdf")..%"IVdf"\n",
-           (UV)p,
+        DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+           "    \\%" UVuf ": %" IVdf "(%" IVdf ")..%" IVdf "\n",
+           depth,
+            (UV)p,
            (IV)rex->offs[p].start,
            (IV)rex->offs[p].start_tmp,
            (IV)rex->offs[p].end
@@ -329,17 +333,22 @@ S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
 /* These are needed since we do not localize EVAL nodes: */
 #define REGCP_SET(cp)                                           \
     DEBUG_STATE_r(                                              \
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                      \
-               "  Setting an EVAL scope, savestack=%"IVdf"\n", \
-               (IV)PL_savestack_ix));                          \
+        Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_                             \
+            "Setting an EVAL scope, savestack=%" IVdf ",\n",    \
+            depth, (IV)PL_savestack_ix                          \
+        )                                                       \
+    );                                                          \
     cp = PL_savestack_ix
 
 #define REGCP_UNWIND(cp)                                        \
     DEBUG_STATE_r(                                              \
-        if (cp != PL_savestack_ix)                             \
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                       \
-               "  Clearing an EVAL scope, savestack=%"IVdf"..%"IVdf"\n", \
-               (IV)(cp), (IV)PL_savestack_ix));                \
+        if (cp != PL_savestack_ix)                              \
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_                         \
+                "Clearing an EVAL scope, savestack=%"           \
+                IVdf "..%" IVdf "\n",                           \
+                depth, (IV)(cp), (IV)PL_savestack_ix            \
+            )                                                   \
+    );                                                          \
     regcpblow(cp)
 
 #define UNWIND_PAREN(lp, lcp)               \
@@ -350,7 +359,7 @@ S_regcppush(pTHX_ const regexp *rex, I32 parenfloor, U32 maxopenparen)
 
 
 STATIC void
-S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
+S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p _pDEPTH)
 {
     UV i;
     U32 paren;
@@ -370,9 +379,10 @@ S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
     /* Now restore the parentheses context. */
     DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(
        if (i || rex->lastparen + 1 <= rex->nparens)
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "rex=0x%"UVxf" offs=0x%"UVxf": restoring capture indices to:\n",
-               PTR2UV(rex),
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+               "rex=0x%" UVxf " offs=0x%" UVxf ": restoring capture indices to:\n",
+               depth,
+                PTR2UV(rex),
                PTR2UV(rex->offs)
            );
     );
@@ -384,9 +394,10 @@ S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
        tmps = SSPOPIV;
        if (paren <= rex->lastparen)
            rex->offs[paren].end = tmps;
-       DEBUG_BUFFERS_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "    \\%"UVuf": %"IVdf"(%"IVdf")..%"IVdf"%s\n",
-           (UV)paren,
+        DEBUG_BUFFERS_r( Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+           "    \\%" UVuf ": %" IVdf "(%" IVdf ")..%" IVdf "%s\n",
+           depth,
+            (UV)paren,
            (IV)rex->offs[paren].start,
            (IV)rex->offs[paren].start_tmp,
            (IV)rex->offs[paren].end,
@@ -408,9 +419,10 @@ S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
        if (i > *maxopenparen_p)
            rex->offs[i].start = -1;
        rex->offs[i].end = -1;
-       DEBUG_BUFFERS_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "    \\%"UVuf": %s   ..-1 undeffing\n",
-           (UV)i,
+        DEBUG_BUFFERS_r( Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+           "    \\%" UVuf ": %s   ..-1 undeffing\n",
+           depth,
+            (UV)i,
            (i > *maxopenparen_p) ? "-1" : "  "
        ));
     }
@@ -421,9 +433,11 @@ S_regcppop(pTHX_ regexp *rex, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
  * but without popping the stack */
 
 STATIC void
-S_regcp_restore(pTHX_ regexp *rex, I32 ix, U32 *maxopenparen_p)
+S_regcp_restore(pTHX_ regexp *rex, I32 ix, U32 *maxopenparen_p _pDEPTH)
 {
     I32 tmpix = PL_savestack_ix;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGCP_RESTORE;
+
     PL_savestack_ix = ix;
     regcppop(rex, maxopenparen_p);
     PL_savestack_ix = tmpix;
@@ -452,7 +466,7 @@ S_isFOO_lc(pTHX_ const U8 classnum, const U8 character)
         case _CC_ENUM_ALPHA:     return isALPHA_LC(character);
         case _CC_ENUM_ASCII:     return isASCII_LC(character);
         case _CC_ENUM_BLANK:     return isBLANK_LC(character);
-        case _CC_ENUM_CASED:     return isLOWER_LC(character)
+        case _CC_ENUM_CASED:     return    isLOWER_LC(character)
                                         || isUPPER_LC(character);
         case _CC_ENUM_CNTRL:     return isCNTRL_LC(character);
         case _CC_ENUM_DIGIT:     return isDIGIT_LC(character);
@@ -650,7 +664,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(data);
 
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                 "Intuit: trying to determine minimum start position...\n"));
 
     /* for now, assume that all substr offsets are positive. If at some point
@@ -681,7 +695,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
      * to quickly reject some cases that can't match, but will reject
      * them later after doing full char arithmetic */
     if (prog->minlen > strend - strpos) {
-       DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                              "  String too short...\n"));
        goto fail;
     }
@@ -697,7 +711,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
     reginfo->poscache_maxiter = 0;
 
     if (utf8_target) {
-       if (!prog->check_utf8 && prog->check_substr)
+        if ((!prog->anchored_utf8 && prog->anchored_substr)
+                || (!prog->float_utf8 && prog->float_substr))
            to_utf8_substr(prog);
        check = prog->check_utf8;
     } else {
@@ -718,9 +733,9 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
             if (!sv)
                 continue;
 
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "  substrs[%d]: min=%"IVdf" max=%"IVdf" end shift=%"IVdf
-                " useful=%"IVdf" utf8=%d [%s]\n",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "  substrs[%d]: min=%" IVdf " max=%" IVdf " end shift=%" IVdf
+                " useful=%" IVdf " utf8=%d [%s]\n",
                 i,
                 (IV)prog->substrs->data[i].min_offset,
                 (IV)prog->substrs->data[i].max_offset,
@@ -758,7 +773,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
             if (   strpos != strbeg
                 && (prog->intflags & PREGf_ANCH_SBOL))
             {
-               DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                 "  Not at start...\n"));
                goto fail;
            }
@@ -778,8 +793,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                SSize_t slen = SvCUR(check);
                 char *s = HOP3c(strpos, prog->check_offset_min, strend);
            
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "  Looking for check substr at fixed offset %"IVdf"...\n",
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                    "  Looking for check substr at fixed offset %" IVdf "...\n",
                     (IV)prog->check_offset_min));
 
                if (SvTAIL(check)) {
@@ -792,17 +807,18 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                             || strend - s < slen - 1
                             || (strend - s == slen && strend[-1] != '\n')))
                     {
-                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                             "  String too long...\n"));
                         goto fail_finish;
                     }
                     /* Now should match s[0..slen-2] */
                     slen--;
                 }
-                if (slen && (*SvPVX_const(check) != *s
-                    || (slen > 1 && memNE(SvPVX_const(check), s, slen))))
+                if (slen && (strend - s < slen
+                    || *SvPVX_const(check) != *s
+                    || (slen > 1 && (memNE(SvPVX_const(check), s, slen)))))
                 {
-                    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                     "  String not equal...\n"));
                     goto fail_finish;
                 }
@@ -817,7 +833,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING       /* 7/99: reports of failure (with the older version) */
     if (end_shift < 0)
-       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: end_shift: %"IVdf" pattern:\n%s\n ",
+       Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: end_shift: %" IVdf " pattern:\n%s\n ",
                   (IV)end_shift, RX_PRECOMP(prog));
 #endif
 
@@ -853,10 +869,10 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         U8* end_point;
 
         DEBUG_OPTIMISE_MORE_r({
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "  At restart: rx_origin=%"IVdf" Check offset min: %"IVdf
-                " Start shift: %"IVdf" End shift %"IVdf
-                " Real end Shift: %"IVdf"\n",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "  At restart: rx_origin=%" IVdf " Check offset min: %" IVdf
+                " Start shift: %" IVdf " End shift %" IVdf
+                " Real end Shift: %" IVdf "\n",
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg),
                 (IV)prog->check_offset_min,
                 (IV)start_shift,
@@ -901,8 +917,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
        check_at = fbm_instr( start_point, end_point,
                      check, multiline ? FBMrf_MULTILINE : 0);
 
-       DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-            "  doing 'check' fbm scan, [%"IVdf"..%"IVdf"] gave %"IVdf"\n",
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+            "  doing 'check' fbm scan, [%" IVdf "..%" IVdf "] gave %" IVdf "\n",
             (IV)((char*)start_point - strbeg),
             (IV)((char*)end_point   - strbeg),
             (IV)(check_at ? check_at - strbeg : -1)
@@ -914,7 +930,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
             RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(quoted, utf8_target, PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0),
                 SvPVX_const(check), RE_SV_DUMPLEN(check), 30);
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  %s %s substr %s%s%s",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "  %s %s substr %s%s%s",
                               (check_at ? "Found" : "Did not find"),
                 (check == (utf8_target ? prog->anchored_utf8 : prog->anchored_substr)
                     ? "anchored" : "floating"),
@@ -933,8 +949,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         if (check_at - rx_origin > prog->check_offset_max)
             rx_origin = HOP3c(check_at, -prog->check_offset_max, rx_origin);
         /* Finish the diagnostic message */
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-            "%ld (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+            "%ld (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
             (long)(check_at - strbeg),
             (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
         ));
@@ -1045,10 +1061,12 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
             char *from = s;
             char *to   = last + SvCUR(must) - (SvTAIL(must)!=0);
 
+            if (to > strend)
+                to = strend;
             if (from > to) {
                 s = NULL;
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "  skipping 'other' fbm scan: %"IVdf" > %"IVdf"\n",
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                    "  skipping 'other' fbm scan: %" IVdf " > %" IVdf "\n",
                     (IV)(from - strbeg),
                     (IV)(to   - strbeg)
                 ));
@@ -1060,8 +1078,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                     must,
                     multiline ? FBMrf_MULTILINE : 0
                 );
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                    "  doing 'other' fbm scan, [%"IVdf"..%"IVdf"] gave %"IVdf"\n",
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                    "  doing 'other' fbm scan, [%" IVdf "..%" IVdf "] gave %" IVdf "\n",
                     (IV)(from - strbeg),
                     (IV)(to   - strbeg),
                     (IV)(s ? s - strbeg : -1)
@@ -1072,7 +1090,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
             RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(quoted, utf8_target, PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0),
                 SvPVX_const(must), RE_SV_DUMPLEN(must), 30);
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  %s %s substr %s%s",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "  %s %s substr %s%s",
                 s ? "Found" : "Contradicts",
                 other_ix ? "floating" : "anchored",
                 quoted, RE_SV_TAIL(must));
@@ -1083,7 +1101,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
             /* last1 is latest possible substr location. If we didn't
              * find it before there, we never will */
             if (last >= last1) {
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                         "; giving up...\n"));
                 goto fail_finish;
             }
@@ -1096,8 +1114,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                 other_ix /* i.e. if other-is-float */
                     ? HOP3c(rx_origin, 1, strend)
                     : HOP4c(last, 1 - other->min_offset, strbeg, strend);
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "; about to retry %s at offset %ld (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "; about to retry %s at offset %ld (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
                 (other_ix ? "floating" : "anchored"),
                 (long)(HOP3c(check_at, 1, strend) - strbeg),
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
@@ -1120,8 +1138,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                 rx_origin = HOP3c(s, -other->min_offset, strbeg);
                 other_last = HOP3c(s, 1, strend);
             }
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                " at offset %ld (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                " at offset %ld (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
                   (long)(s - strbeg),
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
               ));
@@ -1130,10 +1148,10 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
     }
     else {
         DEBUG_OPTIMISE_MORE_r(
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "  Check-only match: offset min:%"IVdf" max:%"IVdf
-                " check_at:%"IVdf" rx_origin:%"IVdf" rx_origin-check_at:%"IVdf
-                " strend:%"IVdf"\n",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "  Check-only match: offset min:%" IVdf " max:%" IVdf
+                " check_at:%" IVdf " rx_origin:%" IVdf " rx_origin-check_at:%" IVdf
+                " strend:%" IVdf "\n",
                 (IV)prog->check_offset_min,
                 (IV)prog->check_offset_max,
                 (IV)(check_at-strbeg),
@@ -1151,7 +1169,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
     if (ml_anch && rx_origin != strbeg && rx_origin[-1] != '\n') {
         char *s;
 
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                         "  looking for /^/m anchor"));
 
         /* we have failed the constraint of a \n before rx_origin.
@@ -1171,7 +1189,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         if (s <= rx_origin ||
             ! ( rx_origin = (char *)memchr(rx_origin, '\n', s - rx_origin)))
         {
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                             "  Did not find /%s^%s/m...\n",
                             PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1]));
             goto fail_finish;
@@ -1188,7 +1206,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
             /* Position contradicts check-string; either because
              * check was anchored (and thus has no wiggle room),
              * or check was float and rx_origin is above the float range */
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                 "  Found /%s^%s/m, about to restart lookup for check-string with rx_origin %ld...\n",
                 PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1], (long)(rx_origin - strbeg)));
             goto restart;
@@ -1204,8 +1222,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
              * contradict. On the other hand, the float "check" substr
              * didn't contradict, so just retry the anchored "other"
              * substr */
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "  Found /%s^%s/m, rescanning for anchored from offset %"IVdf" (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "  Found /%s^%s/m, rescanning for anchored from offset %" IVdf " (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
                 PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg + prog->anchored_offset),
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
@@ -1215,12 +1233,12 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
 
         /* success: we don't contradict the found floating substring
          * (and there's no anchored substr). */
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
             "  Found /%s^%s/m with rx_origin %ld...\n",
             PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1], (long)(rx_origin - strbeg)));
     }
     else {
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
             "  (multiline anchor test skipped)\n"));
     }
 
@@ -1278,9 +1296,9 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         else 
             endpos= strend;
                    
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-            "  looking for class: start_shift: %"IVdf" check_at: %"IVdf
-            " rx_origin: %"IVdf" endpos: %"IVdf"\n",
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+            "  looking for class: start_shift: %" IVdf " check_at: %" IVdf
+            " rx_origin: %" IVdf " endpos: %" IVdf "\n",
               (IV)start_shift, (IV)(check_at - strbeg),
               (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg), (IV)(endpos - strbeg)));
 
@@ -1288,11 +1306,11 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                             reginfo);
        if (!s) {
            if (endpos == strend) {
-               DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                "  Could not match STCLASS...\n") );
                goto fail;
            }
-           DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                "  This position contradicts STCLASS...\n") );
             if ((prog->intflags & PREGf_ANCH) && !ml_anch
                         && !(prog->intflags & PREGf_IMPLICIT))
@@ -1313,8 +1331,8 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                          * an extra anchored search may get done, but in
                          * practice the extra fbm_instr() is likely to
                          * get skipped anyway. */
-                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                            "  about to retry anchored at offset %ld (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                            "  about to retry anchored at offset %ld (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
                             (long)(other_last - strbeg),
                             (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
                         ));
@@ -1334,7 +1352,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
                      * but since we goto a block of code that's going to
                      * search for the next \n if any, its safe here */
                     rx_origin++;
-                    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                               "  about to look for /%s^%s/m starting at rx_origin %ld...\n",
                               PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
                               (long)(rx_origin - strbeg)) );
@@ -1358,12 +1376,12 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
              * It's conservative: it errs on the side of doing 'goto restart',
              * where there is code that does a proper char-based test */
             if (rx_origin + start_shift + end_shift > strend) {
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                        "  Could not match STCLASS...\n") );
                 goto fail;
             }
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                "  about to look for %s substr starting at offset %ld (rx_origin now %"IVdf")...\n",
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                "  about to look for %s substr starting at offset %ld (rx_origin now %" IVdf ")...\n",
                 (prog->substrs->check_ix ? "floating" : "anchored"),
                 (long)(rx_origin + start_shift - strbeg),
                 (IV)(rx_origin - strbeg)
@@ -1374,13 +1392,13 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
         /* Success !!! */
 
        if (rx_origin != s) {
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                        "  By STCLASS: moving %ld --> %ld\n",
                                   (long)(rx_origin - strbeg), (long)(s - strbeg))
                    );
         }
         else {
-            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                   "  Does not contradict STCLASS...\n");
                    );
         }
@@ -1392,7 +1410,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
        /* Fixed substring is found far enough so that the match
           cannot start at strpos. */
 
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  try at offset...\n"));
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "  try at offset...\n"));
        ++BmUSEFUL(utf8_target ? prog->check_utf8 : prog->check_substr);        /* hooray/5 */
     }
     else {
@@ -1412,7 +1430,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
            )))
        {
            /* If flags & SOMETHING - do not do it many times on the same match */
-           DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "  ... Disabling check substring...\n"));
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "  ... Disabling check substring...\n"));
            /* XXX Does the destruction order has to change with utf8_target? */
            SvREFCNT_dec(utf8_target ? prog->check_utf8 : prog->check_substr);
            SvREFCNT_dec(utf8_target ? prog->check_substr : prog->check_utf8);
@@ -1426,7 +1444,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
        }
     }
 
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
             "Intuit: %sSuccessfully guessed:%s match at offset %ld\n",
              PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5], (long)(rx_origin - strbeg)) );
 
@@ -1436,7 +1454,7 @@ Perl_re_intuit_start(pTHX_
     if (prog->check_substr || prog->check_utf8)                /* could be removed already */
        BmUSEFUL(utf8_target ? prog->check_utf8 : prog->check_substr) += 5; /* hooray */
   fail:
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sMatch rejected by optimizer%s\n",
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "%sMatch rejected by optimizer%s\n",
                          PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -1533,9 +1551,9 @@ STMT_START {
     }                                                                               \
 } STMT_END
 
-#define DUMP_EXEC_POS(li,s,doutf8)                          \
+#define DUMP_EXEC_POS(li,s,doutf8,depth)                    \
     dump_exec_pos(li,s,(reginfo->strend),(reginfo->strbeg), \
-                startpos, doutf8)
+                startpos, doutf8, depth)
 
 #define REXEC_FBC_EXACTISH_SCAN(COND)                     \
 STMT_START {                                              \
@@ -1736,12 +1754,26 @@ REXEC_FBC_SCAN( /* Loops while (s < strend) */                 \
             FBC_UTF8_A(TEST_NON_UTF8, PLACEHOLDER, REXEC_FBC_TRYIT),           \
             TEST_NON_UTF8, PLACEHOLDER, REXEC_FBC_TRYIT)
 
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+static IV
+S_get_break_val_cp_checked(SV* const invlist, const UV cp_in) {
+  IV cp_out = Perl__invlist_search(invlist, cp_in);
+  assert(cp_out >= 0);
+  return cp_out;
+}
+#  define _generic_GET_BREAK_VAL_CP_CHECKED(invlist, invmap, cp) \
+       invmap[S_get_break_val_cp_checked(invlist, cp)]
+#else
+#  define _generic_GET_BREAK_VAL_CP_CHECKED(invlist, invmap, cp) \
+       invmap[_invlist_search(invlist, cp)]
+#endif
+
 /* Takes a pointer to an inversion list, a pointer to its corresponding
  * inversion map, and a code point, and returns the code point's value
  * according to the two arrays.  It assumes that all code points have a value.
  * This is used as the base macro for macros for particular properties */
 #define _generic_GET_BREAK_VAL_CP(invlist, invmap, cp)              \
-                             invmap[_invlist_search(invlist, cp)]
+       _generic_GET_BREAK_VAL_CP_CHECKED(invlist, invmap, cp)
 
 /* Same as above, but takes begin, end ptrs to a UTF-8 encoded string instead
  * of a code point, returning the value for the first code point in the string.
@@ -1849,8 +1881,11 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
             REXEC_FBC_UTF8_CLASS_SCAN(
                       reginclass(prog, c, (U8*)s, (U8*) strend, utf8_target));
         }
+        else if (ANYOF_FLAGS(c)) {
+            REXEC_FBC_CLASS_SCAN(reginclass(prog,c, (U8*)s, (U8*)s+1, 0));
+        }
         else {
-            REXEC_FBC_CLASS_SCAN(REGINCLASS(prog, c, (U8*)s));
+            REXEC_FBC_CLASS_SCAN(ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(c, *((U8*)s)));
         }
         break;
 
@@ -2098,7 +2133,11 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                     while (s < strend) {
                         GCB_enum after = getGCB_VAL_UTF8((U8*) s,
                                                         (U8*) reginfo->strend);
-                        if (   (to_complement ^ isGCB(before, after))
+                        if (   (to_complement ^ isGCB(before,
+                                                      after,
+                                                      (U8*) reginfo->strbeg,
+                                                      (U8*) s,
+                                                      utf8_target))
                             && (reginfo->intuit || regtry(reginfo, &s)))
                         {
                             goto got_it;
@@ -2549,8 +2588,8 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                             DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
                                 if ( uc <= (U8*)last_start && !BITMAP_TEST(bitmap,*uc) ) {
                                     dump_exec_pos( (char *)uc, c, strend, real_start,
-                                        (char *)uc, utf8_target );
-                                    PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
+                                        (char *)uc, utf8_target, 0 );
+                                    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                         " Scanning for legal start char...\n");
                                 }
                             );
@@ -2585,9 +2624,9 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                                          foldbuf, uniflags);
                         DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r({
                             dump_exec_pos( (char *)uc, c, strend,
-                                        real_start, s, utf8_target);
-                            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                                " Charid:%3u CP:%4"UVxf" ",
+                                        real_start, s, utf8_target, 0);
+                            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                                " Charid:%3u CP:%4" UVxf " ",
                                  charid, uvc);
                         });
                     }
@@ -2606,9 +2645,9 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                         DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r({
                             if (failed)
                                 dump_exec_pos( (char *)uc, c, strend, real_start,
-                                    s,   utf8_target );
-                            PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                                "%sState: %4"UVxf", word=%"UVxf,
+                                    s,   utf8_target, 0 );
+                            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                                "%sState: %4" UVxf ", word=%" UVxf,
                                 failed ? " Fail transition to " : "",
                                 (UV)state, (UV)word);
                         });
@@ -2623,13 +2662,13 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                                  && (tmp=trie->trans[offset].next))
                             {
                                 DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
-                                    PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log," - legal\n"));
+                                    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ " - legal\n"));
                                 state = tmp;
                                 break;
                             }
                             else {
                                 DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
-                                    PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log," - fail\n"));
+                                    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ " - fail\n"));
                                 failed = 1;
                                 state = aho->fail[state];
                             }
@@ -2637,7 +2676,7 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                         else {
                             /* we must be accepting here */
                             DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
-                                    PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log," - accepting\n"));
+                                    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ " - accepting\n"));
                             failed = 1;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -2659,8 +2698,7 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                 if (leftmost) {
                     s = (char*)leftmost;
                     DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r({
-                        PerlIO_printf(
-                            Perl_debug_log,"Matches word #%"UVxf" at position %"IVdf". Trying full pattern...\n",
+                        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Matches word #%" UVxf " at position %" IVdf ". Trying full pattern...\n",
                             (UV)accepted_word, (IV)(s - real_start)
                         );
                     });
@@ -2671,11 +2709,11 @@ S_find_byclass(pTHX_ regexp * prog, const regnode *c, char *s,
                     }
                     s = HOPc(s,1);
                     DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r({
-                        PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,"Pattern failed. Looking for new start point...\n");
+                        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "Pattern failed. Looking for new start point...\n");
                     });
                 } else {
                     DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
-                        PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,"No match.\n"));
+                        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "No match.\n"));
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -2707,11 +2745,9 @@ S_reg_set_capture_string(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx,
     if (flags & REXEC_COPY_STR) {
 #ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
         if (SvCANCOW(sv)) {
-            if (DEBUG_C_TEST) {
-                PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+            DEBUG_C(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                               "Copy on write: regexp capture, type %d\n",
-                              (int) SvTYPE(sv));
-            }
+                                    (int) SvTYPE(sv)));
             /* Create a new COW SV to share the match string and store
              * in saved_copy, unless the current COW SV in saved_copy
              * is valid and suitable for our purpose */
@@ -2907,8 +2943,8 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
             ? strbeg + MgBYTEPOS(mg, sv, strbeg, strend-strbeg)
             : strbeg; /* pos() not defined; use start of string */
 
-        DEBUG_GPOS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-            "GPOS ganch set to strbeg[%"IVdf"]\n", (IV)(reginfo->ganch - strbeg)));
+        DEBUG_GPOS_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+            "GPOS ganch set to strbeg[%" IVdf "]\n", (IV)(reginfo->ganch - strbeg)));
 
         /* in the presence of \G, we may need to start looking earlier in
          * the string than the suggested start point of stringarg:
@@ -2926,7 +2962,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
                 if (!startpos ||
                     ((flags & REXEC_FAIL_ON_UNDERFLOW) && startpos < stringarg))
                 {
-                    DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                    DEBUG_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                             "fail: ganch-gofs before earliest possible start\n"));
                     return 0;
                 }
@@ -2945,7 +2981,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
 
     minlen = prog->minlen;
     if ((startpos + minlen) > strend || startpos < strbeg) {
-        DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                     "Regex match can't succeed, so not even tried\n"));
         return 0;
     }
@@ -2980,7 +3016,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
             {
                 /* this should only be possible under \G */
                 assert(prog->intflags & PREGf_GPOS_SEEN);
-                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                     "matched, but failing for REXEC_FAIL_ON_UNDERFLOW\n"));
                 goto phooey;
             }
@@ -3005,7 +3041,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
     multiline = prog->extflags & RXf_PMf_MULTILINE;
     
     if (strend - s < (minlen+(prog->check_offset_min<0?prog->check_offset_min:0))) {
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                              "String too short [regexec_flags]...\n"));
        goto phooey;
     }
@@ -3102,14 +3138,18 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
         swap = prog->offs;
         /* do we need a save destructor here for eval dies? */
         Newxz(prog->offs, (prog->nparens + 1), regexp_paren_pair);
-       DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "rex=0x%"UVxf" saving  offs: orig=0x%"UVxf" new=0x%"UVxf"\n",
-           PTR2UV(prog),
+        DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+           "rex=0x%" UVxf " saving  offs: orig=0x%" UVxf " new=0x%" UVxf "\n",
+           0,
+            PTR2UV(prog),
            PTR2UV(swap),
            PTR2UV(prog->offs)
        ));
     }
 
+    if (prog->recurse_locinput)
+        Zero(prog->recurse_locinput,prog->nparens + 1, char *);
+
     /* Simplest case: anchored match need be tried only once, or with
      * MBOL, only at the beginning of each line.
      *
@@ -3210,7 +3250,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
            );
        }
        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(if (!did_match)
-               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                   "Did not find anchored character...\n")
                );
     }
@@ -3315,7 +3355,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(if (!did_match) {
             RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(quoted, utf8_target, PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(0),
                 SvPVX_const(must), RE_SV_DUMPLEN(must), 30);
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Did not find %s substr %s%s...\n",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Did not find %s substr %s%s...\n",
                              ((must == prog->anchored_substr || must == prog->anchored_utf8)
                               ? "anchored" : "floating"),
                 quoted, RE_SV_TAIL(must));
@@ -3335,7 +3375,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
            {
                RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(quoted,utf8_target,PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(1),
                    s,strend-s,60);
-               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                    "Matching stclass %.*s against %s (%d bytes)\n",
                    (int)SvCUR(prop), SvPVX_const(prop),
                     quoted, (int)(strend - s));
@@ -3343,7 +3383,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
        });
         if (find_byclass(prog, c, s, strend, reginfo))
            goto got_it;
-       DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Contradicts stclass... [regexec_flags]\n"));
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Contradicts stclass... [regexec_flags]\n"));
     }
     else {
        dontbother = 0;
@@ -3382,14 +3422,14 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
                      * the \n. */
                    char *checkpos= strend - len;
                    DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(
-                       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                            "%sChecking for float_real.%s\n",
                            PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
                    if (checkpos + 1 < strbeg) {
                         /* can't match, even if we remove the trailing \n
                          * string is too short to match */
                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                "%sString shorter than required trailing substring, cannot match.%s\n",
                                PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
                        goto phooey;
@@ -3401,7 +3441,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
                         /* cant match, string is too short when the "\n" is
                          * included */
                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                "%sString does not contain required trailing substring, cannot match.%s\n",
                                PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
                        goto phooey;
@@ -3412,7 +3452,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
                            last= checkpos;
                        } else {
                            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                                Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                                    "%sString does not contain required trailing substring, cannot match.%s\n",
                                    PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
                            goto phooey;
@@ -3436,7 +3476,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
                  * pretty sure it is not anymore, so I have removed the comment
                  * and replaced it with this one. Yves */
                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                   PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
                        "%sString does not contain required substring, cannot match.%s\n",
                         PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]
                    ));
@@ -3476,16 +3516,17 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
     {
         /* this should only be possible under \G */
         assert(prog->intflags & PREGf_GPOS_SEEN);
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
             "matched, but failing for REXEC_FAIL_ON_UNDERFLOW\n"));
         goto phooey;
     }
 
     DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(
        if (swap)
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "rex=0x%"UVxf" freeing offs: 0x%"UVxf"\n",
-               PTR2UV(prog),
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+               "rex=0x%" UVxf " freeing offs: 0x%" UVxf "\n",
+               0,
+                PTR2UV(prog),
                PTR2UV(swap)
            );
     );
@@ -3509,7 +3550,7 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
     return 1;
 
   phooey:
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sMatch failed%s\n",
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "%sMatch failed%s\n",
                          PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
 
     /* clean up; this will trigger destructors that will free all slabs
@@ -3520,9 +3561,10 @@ Perl_regexec_flags(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, char *stringarg, char *strend,
 
     if (swap) {
         /* we failed :-( roll it back */
-       DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-           "rex=0x%"UVxf" rolling back offs: freeing=0x%"UVxf" restoring=0x%"UVxf"\n",
-           PTR2UV(prog),
+        DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+           "rex=0x%" UVxf " rolling back offs: freeing=0x%" UVxf " restoring=0x%" UVxf "\n",
+           0,
+            PTR2UV(prog),
            PTR2UV(prog->offs),
            PTR2UV(swap)
        ));
@@ -3553,6 +3595,9 @@ S_regtry(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char **startposp)
     REGEXP *const rx = reginfo->prog;
     regexp *const prog = ReANY(rx);
     SSize_t result;
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    U32 depth = 0; /* used by REGCP_SET */
+#endif
     RXi_GET_DECL(prog,progi);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
@@ -3577,6 +3622,14 @@ S_regtry(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char **startposp)
      * above-mentioned test suite tests to succeed.  The common theme
      * on those tests seems to be returning null fields from matches.
      * --jhi updated by dapm */
+
+    /* After encountering a variant of the issue mentioned above I think
+     * the point Ilya was making is that if we properly unwind whenever
+     * we set lastparen to a smaller value then we should not need to do
+     * this every time, only when needed. So if we have tests that fail if
+     * we remove this, then it suggests somewhere else we are improperly
+     * unwinding the lastparen/paren buffers. See UNWIND_PARENS() and
+     * places it is called, and related regcp() routines. - Yves */
 #if 1
     if (prog->nparens) {
        regexp_paren_pair *pp = prog->offs;
@@ -3613,10 +3666,26 @@ S_regtry(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char **startposp)
     sayNO
 
 /* this is used to determine how far from the left messages like
-   'failed...' are printed. It should be set such that messages 
-   are inline with the regop output that created them.
+   'failed...' are printed in regexec.c. It should be set such that
+   messages are inline with the regop output that created them.
 */
-#define REPORT_CODE_OFF 32
+#define REPORT_CODE_OFF 29
+#define INDENT_CHARS(depth) ((int)(depth) % 20)
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+int
+Perl_re_exec_indentf(pTHX_ const char *fmt, U32 depth, ...)
+{
+    va_list ap;
+    int result;
+    PerlIO *f= Perl_debug_log;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RE_EXEC_INDENTF;
+    va_start(ap, depth);
+    PerlIO_printf(f, "%*s|%4" UVuf "| %*s", REPORT_CODE_OFF, "", (UV)depth, INDENT_CHARS(depth), "" );
+    result = PerlIO_vprintf(f, fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return result;
+}
+#endif /* DEBUGGING */
 
 
 #define CHRTEST_UNINIT -1001 /* c1/c2 haven't been calculated yet */
@@ -3629,9 +3698,6 @@ S_regtry(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char **startposp)
 STATIC regmatch_state *
 S_push_slab(pTHX)
 {
-#if PERL_VERSION < 9 && !defined(PERL_CORE)
-    dMY_CXT;
-#endif
     regmatch_slab *s = PL_regmatch_slab->next;
     if (!s) {
        Newx(s, 1, regmatch_slab);
@@ -3797,18 +3863,18 @@ regmatch(), slabs allocated since entry are freed.
 */
  
 
-#define DEBUG_STATE_pp(pp)                                 \
-    DEBUG_STATE_r({                                        \
-       DUMP_EXEC_POS(locinput, scan, utf8_target);         \
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                       \
-           "    %*s"pp" %s%s%s%s%s\n",                     \
-           depth*2, "",                                    \
-           PL_reg_name[st->resume_state],                  \
-           ((st==yes_state||st==mark_state) ? "[" : ""),   \
-           ((st==yes_state) ? "Y" : ""),                   \
-           ((st==mark_state) ? "M" : ""),                  \
-           ((st==yes_state||st==mark_state) ? "]" : "")    \
-       );                                                  \
+#define DEBUG_STATE_pp(pp)                                  \
+    DEBUG_STATE_r({                                         \
+        DUMP_EXEC_POS(locinput, scan, utf8_target,depth);   \
+        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_                                           \
+            "%*s" pp " %s%s%s%s%s\n",                       \
+            INDENT_CHARS(depth), "",                        \
+            PL_reg_name[st->resume_state],                  \
+            ((st==yes_state||st==mark_state) ? "[" : ""),   \
+            ((st==yes_state) ? "Y" : ""),                   \
+            ((st==mark_state) ? "M" : ""),                  \
+            ((st==yes_state||st==mark_state) ? "]" : "")    \
+        );                                                  \
     });
 
 
@@ -3833,12 +3899,12 @@ S_debug_start_match(pTHX_ const REGEXP *prog, const bool utf8_target,
         RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s1, utf8_target, PERL_DEBUG_PAD_ZERO(1),
             start, end - start, 60); 
         
-        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
+        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
             "%s%s REx%s %s against %s\n", 
                       PL_colors[4], blurb, PL_colors[5], s0, s1); 
         
         if (utf8_target||utf8_pat)
-            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "UTF-8 %s%s%s...\n",
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "UTF-8 %s%s%s...\n",
                 utf8_pat ? "pattern" : "",
                 utf8_pat && utf8_target ? " and " : "",
                 utf8_target ? "string" : ""
@@ -3852,7 +3918,9 @@ S_dump_exec_pos(pTHX_ const char *locinput,
                       const char *loc_regeol, 
                       const char *loc_bostr, 
                       const char *loc_reg_starttry,
-                      const bool utf8_target)
+                      const bool utf8_target,
+                      const U32 depth
+                )
 {
     const int docolor = *PL_colors[0] || *PL_colors[2] || *PL_colors[4];
     const int taill = (docolor ? 10 : 7); /* 3 chars for "> <" */
@@ -3895,15 +3963,16 @@ S_dump_exec_pos(pTHX_ const char *locinput,
                    locinput, loc_regeol - locinput, 10, 0, 1);
 
        const STRLEN tlen=len0+len1+len2;
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                   "%4"IVdf" <%.*s%.*s%s%.*s>%*s|",
+        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                    "%4" IVdf " <%.*s%.*s%s%.*s>%*s|%4u| ",
                    (IV)(locinput - loc_bostr),
                    len0, s0,
                    len1, s1,
                    (docolor ? "" : "> <"),
                    len2, s2,
                    (int)(tlen > 19 ? 0 :  19 - tlen),
-                   "");
+                    "",
+                    depth);
     }
 }
 
@@ -4111,7 +4180,7 @@ S_setup_EXACTISH_ST_c1_c2(pTHX_ const regnode * const text_node, int *c1p,
                 }
                 else {  /* Does participate in folds */
                     AV* list = (AV*) *listp;
-                    if (av_tindex(list) != 1) {
+                    if (av_tindex_nomg(list) != 1) {
 
                         /* If there aren't exactly two folds to this, it is
                          * outside the scope of this function */
@@ -4247,13 +4316,108 @@ S_setup_EXACTISH_ST_c1_c2(pTHX_ const regnode * const text_node, int *c1p,
     return TRUE;
 }
 
-PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
-S_isGCB(const GCB_enum before, const GCB_enum after)
+STATIC bool
+S_isGCB(pTHX_ const GCB_enum before, const GCB_enum after, const U8 * const strbeg, const U8 * const curpos, const bool utf8_target)
 {
     /* returns a boolean indicating if there is a Grapheme Cluster Boundary
-     * between the inputs.  See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ */
+     * between the inputs.  See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/. */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ISGCB;
+
+    switch (GCB_table[before][after]) {
+        case GCB_BREAKABLE:
+            return TRUE;
+
+        case GCB_NOBREAK:
+            return FALSE;
+
+        case GCB_RI_then_RI:
+            {
+                int RI_count = 1;
+                U8 * temp_pos = (U8 *) curpos;
+
+                /* Do not break within emoji flag sequences. That is, do not
+                 * break between regional indicator (RI) symbols if there is an
+                 * odd number of RI characters before the break point.
+                 *  GB12     ^ (RI RI)* RI × RI
+                 *  GB13 [^RI] (RI RI)* RI × RI */
+
+                while (backup_one_GCB(strbeg,
+                                    &temp_pos,
+                                    utf8_target) == GCB_Regional_Indicator)
+                {
+                    RI_count++;
+                }
+
+                return RI_count % 2 != 1;
+            }
+
+        case GCB_EX_then_EM:
+
+            /* GB10  ( E_Base | E_Base_GAZ ) Extend* ×  E_Modifier */
+            {
+                U8 * temp_pos = (U8 *) curpos;
+                GCB_enum prev;
+
+                do {
+                    prev = backup_one_GCB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
+                }
+                while (prev == GCB_Extend);
+
+                return prev != GCB_E_Base && prev != GCB_E_Base_GAZ;
+            }
 
-    return GCB_table[before][after];
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Unhandled GCB pair: GCB_table[%d, %d] = %d\n",
+                                  before, after, GCB_table[before][after]);
+    assert(0);
+#endif
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+STATIC GCB_enum
+S_backup_one_GCB(pTHX_ const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos, const bool utf8_target)
+{
+    GCB_enum gcb;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BACKUP_ONE_GCB;
+
+    if (*curpos < strbeg) {
+        return GCB_EDGE;
+    }
+
+    if (utf8_target) {
+        U8 * prev_char_pos = reghopmaybe3(*curpos, -1, strbeg);
+        U8 * prev_prev_char_pos;
+
+        if (! prev_char_pos) {
+            return GCB_EDGE;
+        }
+
+        if ((prev_prev_char_pos = reghopmaybe3((U8 *) prev_char_pos, -1, strbeg))) {
+            gcb = getGCB_VAL_UTF8(prev_prev_char_pos, prev_char_pos);
+            *curpos = prev_char_pos;
+            prev_char_pos = prev_prev_char_pos;
+        }
+        else {
+            *curpos = (U8 *) strbeg;
+            return GCB_EDGE;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (*curpos - 2 < strbeg) {
+            *curpos = (U8 *) strbeg;
+            return GCB_EDGE;
+        }
+        (*curpos)--;
+        gcb = getGCB_VAL_CP(*(*curpos - 1));
+    }
+
+    return gcb;
 }
 
 /* Combining marks attach to most classes that precede them, but this defines
@@ -4284,7 +4448,7 @@ S_isLB(pTHX_ LB_enum before,
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ISLB;
 
-    /* Rule numbers in the comments below are as of Unicode 8.0 */
+    /* Rule numbers in the comments below are as of Unicode 9.0 */
 
   redo:
     before = prev;
@@ -4378,14 +4542,14 @@ S_isLB(pTHX_ LB_enum before,
              * that is overriden */
             return LB_table[prev][after] != LB_NOBREAK_EVEN_WITH_SP_BETWEEN;
 
-        case LB_CM_foo:
+        case LB_CM_ZWJ_foo:
 
             /* We don't know how to treat the CM except by looking at the first
-             * non-CM character preceding it */
+             * non-CM character preceding it.  ZWJ is treated as CM */
             do {
                 prev = backup_one_LB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
             }
-            while (prev == LB_Combining_Mark);
+            while (prev == LB_Combining_Mark || prev == LB_ZWJ);
 
             /* Here, 'prev' is that first earlier non-CM character.  If the CM
              * attatches to it, then it inherits the behavior of 'prev'.  If it
@@ -4458,12 +4622,34 @@ S_isLB(pTHX_ LB_enum before,
             return LB_various_then_PO_or_PR;
         }
 
+        case LB_RI_then_RI + LB_NOBREAK:
+        case LB_RI_then_RI + LB_BREAKABLE:
+            {
+                int RI_count = 1;
+
+                /* LB30a Break between two regional indicator symbols if and
+                 * only if there are an even number of regional indicators
+                 * preceding the position of the break.
+                 *
+                 *  sot (RI RI)* RI × RI
+                 *  [^RI] (RI RI)* RI × RI */
+
+                while (backup_one_LB(strbeg,
+                                     &temp_pos,
+                                     utf8_target) == LB_Regional_Indicator)
+                {
+                    RI_count++;
+                }
+
+                return RI_count % 2 == 0;
+            }
+
         default:
             break;
     }
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
-    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "Unhandled LB pair: LB_table[%d, %d] = %d\n",
+    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Unhandled LB pair: LB_table[%d, %d] = %d\n",
                                   before, after, LB_table[before][after]);
     assert(0);
 #endif
@@ -4540,11 +4726,6 @@ S_backup_one_LB(pTHX_ const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos, const bool utf8_tar
     return lb;
 }
 
-/* This creates a single number by combining two, with 'before' being like the
- * 10's digit, but this isn't necessarily base 10; it is base however many
- * elements of the enum there are */
-#define SBcase(before, after) ((SB_ENUM_COUNT * before) + after)
-
 STATIC bool
 S_isSB(pTHX_ SB_enum before,
              SB_enum after,
@@ -4557,16 +4738,17 @@ S_isSB(pTHX_ SB_enum before,
      * between the inputs.  See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ */
 
     U8 * lpos = (U8 *) curpos;
-    U8 * temp_pos;
-    SB_enum backup;
+    bool has_para_sep = FALSE;
+    bool has_sp = FALSE;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ISSB;
 
     /* Break at the start and end of text.
         SB1.  sot  ÷
-        SB2.  ÷  eot */
+        SB2.  ÷  eot
+      But unstated in Unicode is don't break if the text is empty */
     if (before == SB_EDGE || after == SB_EDGE) {
-        return TRUE;
+        return before != after;
     }
 
     /* SB 3: Do not break within CRLF. */
@@ -4574,8 +4756,10 @@ S_isSB(pTHX_ SB_enum before,
         return FALSE;
     }
 
-    /* Break after paragraph separators.  (though why CR and LF are considered
-     * so is beyond me (khw)
+    /* Break after paragraph separators.  CR and LF are considered
+     * so because Unicode views text as like word processing text where there
+     * are no newlines except between paragraphs, and the word processor takes
+     * care of wrapping without there being hard line-breaks in the text *./
        SB4.  Sep | CR | LF  ÷ */
     if (before == SB_Sep || before == SB_CR || before == SB_LF) {
         return TRUE;
@@ -4585,11 +4769,31 @@ S_isSB(pTHX_ SB_enum before,
      * (See Section 6.2, Replacing Ignore Rules.)
         SB5.  X (Extend | Format)*  →  X */
     if (after == SB_Extend || after == SB_Format) {
+
+        /* Implied is that the these characters attach to everything
+         * immediately prior to them except for those separator-type
+         * characters.  And the rules earlier have already handled the case
+         * when one of those immediately precedes the extend char */
         return FALSE;
     }
 
     if (before == SB_Extend || before == SB_Format) {
-        before = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
+        U8 * temp_pos = lpos;
+        const SB_enum backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
+        if (   backup != SB_EDGE
+            && backup != SB_Sep
+            && backup != SB_CR
+            && backup != SB_LF)
+        {
+            before = backup;
+            lpos = temp_pos;
+        }
+
+        /* Here, both 'before' and 'backup' are these types; implied is that we
+         * don't break between them */
+        if (backup == SB_Extend || backup == SB_Format) {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
     }
 
     /* Do not break after ambiguous terminators like period, if they are
@@ -4607,97 +4811,107 @@ S_isSB(pTHX_ SB_enum before,
 
     /* SB7.  (Upper | Lower) ATerm  ×  Upper */
     if (before == SB_ATerm && after == SB_Upper) {
-        temp_pos = lpos;
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
+        U8 * temp_pos = lpos;
+        SB_enum backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
         if (backup == SB_Upper || backup == SB_Lower) {
             return FALSE;
         }
     }
 
-    /* SB8a.  (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp*  ×  (SContinue | STerm | ATerm)
-     * SB10.  (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp*  ×  ( Sp | Sep | CR | LF )      */
-    backup = before;
-    temp_pos = lpos;
-    while (backup == SB_Sp) {
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
-    }
-    while (backup == SB_Close) {
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
-    }
-    if ((backup == SB_STerm || backup == SB_ATerm)
-        && (   after == SB_SContinue
-            || after == SB_STerm
-            || after == SB_ATerm
-            || after == SB_Sp
-            || after == SB_Sep
-            || after == SB_CR
-            || after == SB_LF))
-    {
-        return FALSE;
+    /* The remaining rules that aren't the final one, all require an STerm or
+     * an ATerm after having backed up over some Close* Sp*, and in one case an
+     * optional Paragraph separator, although one rule doesn't have any Sp's in it.
+     * So do that backup now, setting flags if either Sp or a paragraph
+     * separator are found */
+
+    if (before == SB_Sep || before == SB_CR || before == SB_LF) {
+        has_para_sep = TRUE;
+        before = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
     }
 
-    /* SB8.  ATerm Close* Sp*  ×  ( ¬(OLetter | Upper | Lower | Sep | CR | LF |
-     *                                              STerm | ATerm) )* Lower */
-    if (backup == SB_ATerm) {
-        U8 * rpos = (U8 *) curpos;
-        SB_enum later = after;
-
-        while (    later != SB_OLetter
-                && later != SB_Upper
-                && later != SB_Lower
-                && later != SB_Sep
-                && later != SB_CR
-                && later != SB_LF
-                && later != SB_STerm
-                && later != SB_ATerm
-                && later != SB_EDGE)
-        {
-            later = advance_one_SB(&rpos, strend, utf8_target);
-        }
-        if (later == SB_Lower) {
-            return FALSE;
+    if (before == SB_Sp) {
+        has_sp = TRUE;
+        do {
+            before = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
         }
+        while (before == SB_Sp);
     }
 
-    /* Break after sentence terminators, but include closing punctuation,
-     * trailing spaces, and a paragraph separator (if present). [See note
-     * below.]
-     * SB9.  ( STerm | ATerm ) Close*  ×  ( Close | Sp | Sep | CR | LF ) */
-    backup = before;
-    temp_pos = lpos;
-    while (backup == SB_Close) {
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
-    }
-    if ((backup == SB_STerm || backup == SB_ATerm)
-        && (   after == SB_Close
-            || after == SB_Sp
-            || after == SB_Sep
-            || after == SB_CR
-            || after == SB_LF))
-    {
-        return FALSE;
+    while (before == SB_Close) {
+        before = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
     }
 
+    /* The next few rules apply only when the backed-up-to is an ATerm, and in
+     * most cases an STerm */
+    if (before == SB_STerm || before == SB_ATerm) {
 
-    /* SB11.  ( STerm | ATerm ) Close* Sp* ( Sep | CR | LF )?  ÷ */
-    temp_pos = lpos;
-    backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &temp_pos, utf8_target);
-    if (   backup == SB_Sep
-        || backup == SB_CR
-        || backup == SB_LF)
-    {
-        lpos = temp_pos;
-    }
-    else {
-        backup = before;
-    }
-    while (backup == SB_Sp) {
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
-    }
-    while (backup == SB_Close) {
-        backup = backup_one_SB(strbeg, &lpos, utf8_target);
-    }
-    if (backup == SB_STerm || backup == SB_ATerm) {
+        /* So, here the lhs matches
+         *      (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp* (Sep | CR | LF)?
+         * and we have set flags if we found an Sp, or the optional Sep,CR,LF.
+         * The rules that apply here are:
+         *
+         * SB8    ATerm Close* Sp*  ×  ( ¬(OLetter | Upper | Lower | Sep | CR
+                                           | LF | STerm | ATerm) )* Lower
+           SB8a  (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp*  ×  (SContinue | STerm | ATerm)
+           SB9   (STerm | ATerm) Close*  ×  (Close | Sp | Sep | CR | LF)
+           SB10  (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp*  ×  (Sp | Sep | CR | LF)
+           SB11  (STerm | ATerm) Close* Sp* (Sep | CR | LF)?  ÷
+         */
+
+        /* And all but SB11 forbid having seen a paragraph separator */
+        if (! has_para_sep) {
+            if (before == SB_ATerm) {          /* SB8 */
+                U8 * rpos = (U8 *) curpos;
+                SB_enum later = after;
+
+                while (    later != SB_OLetter
+                        && later != SB_Upper
+                        && later != SB_Lower
+                        && later != SB_Sep
+                        && later != SB_CR
+                        && later != SB_LF
+                        && later != SB_STerm
+                        && later != SB_ATerm
+                        && later != SB_EDGE)
+                {
+                    later = advance_one_SB(&rpos, strend, utf8_target);
+                }
+                if (later == SB_Lower) {
+                    return FALSE;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (   after == SB_SContinue    /* SB8a */
+                || after == SB_STerm
+                || after == SB_ATerm)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            if (! has_sp) {     /* SB9 applies only if there was no Sp* */
+                if (   after == SB_Close
+                    || after == SB_Sp
+                    || after == SB_Sep
+                    || after == SB_CR
+                    || after == SB_LF)
+                {
+                    return FALSE;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* SB10.  This and SB9 could probably be combined some way, but khw
+             * has decided to follow the Unicode rule book precisely for
+             * simplified maintenance */
+            if (   after == SB_Sp
+                || after == SB_Sep
+                || after == SB_CR
+                || after == SB_LF)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* SB11.  */
         return TRUE;
     }
 
@@ -4788,8 +5002,6 @@ S_backup_one_SB(pTHX_ const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos, const bool utf8_tar
     return sb;
 }
 
-#define WBcase(before, after) ((WB_ENUM_COUNT * before) + after)
-
 STATIC bool
 S_isWB(pTHX_ WB_enum previous,
              WB_enum before,
@@ -4811,190 +5023,168 @@ S_isWB(pTHX_ WB_enum previous,
 
     U8 * before_pos = (U8 *) curpos;
     U8 * after_pos = (U8 *) curpos;
+    WB_enum prev = before;
+    WB_enum next;
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ISWB;
 
-    /* WB1 and WB2: Break at the start and end of text. */
-    if (before == WB_EDGE || after == WB_EDGE) {
-        return TRUE;
-    }
+    /* Rule numbers in the comments below are as of Unicode 9.0 */
 
-    /* WB 3 is: "Do not break within CRLF."  Perl extends this so that all
-     * white space sequences ending in a vertical space are treated as one
-     * unit. */
+  redo:
+    before = prev;
+    switch (WB_table[before][after]) {
+        case WB_BREAKABLE:
+            return TRUE;
 
-    if (after == WB_CR || after == WB_LF || after == WB_Newline) {
-        if (before == WB_CR || before == WB_LF || before == WB_Newline
-                            || before == WB_Perl_Tailored_HSpace)
-        {
+        case WB_NOBREAK:
             return FALSE;
-        }
-
-        /* WB 3a: Otherwise break before Newlines (including CR and LF) */
-        return TRUE;
-    }
 
-    /* Here, we know that 'after' is not a vertical space character, but
-     * 'before' could be.  WB 3b is: "Otherwise break after Newlines (including
-     * CR and LF)."  Perl changes that to not break-up spans of white space,
-     * except when horizontal space is followed by an Extend or Format
-     * character.  These apply just to the final white space character in the
-     * span, so it is broken away from the rest.  (If the Extend or Format
-     * character follows a vertical space character, it is treated as beginning
-     * a line, and doesn't modify the preceeding character.) */
-    if (   before == WB_CR || before == WB_LF || before == WB_Newline
-        || before == WB_Perl_Tailored_HSpace)
-    {
-        if (after == WB_Perl_Tailored_HSpace) {
-            U8 * temp_pos = (U8 *) curpos;
-            const WB_enum next
-                = advance_one_WB(&temp_pos, strend, utf8_target,
+        case WB_hs_then_hs:     /* 2 horizontal spaces in a row */
+            next = advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
                                  FALSE /* Don't skip Extend nor Format */ );
+            /* A space immediately preceeding an Extend or Format is attached
+             * to by them, and hence gets separated from previous spaces.
+             * Otherwise don't break between horizontal white space */
             return next == WB_Extend || next == WB_Format;
-        }
-        else if (before != WB_Perl_Tailored_HSpace) {
 
-            /* Here, 'before' must be one of the vertical space characters, and
-             * after is not any type of white-space.  Follow WB 3b. */
-            return TRUE;
-        }
+        /* WB4 Ignore Format and Extend characters, except when they appear at
+         * the beginning of a region of text.  This code currently isn't
+         * general purpose, but it works as the rules are currently and likely
+         * to be laid out.  The reason it works is that when 'they appear at
+         * the beginning of a region of text', the rule is to break before
+         * them, just like any other character.  Therefore, the default rule
+         * applies and we don't have to look in more depth.  Should this ever
+         * change, we would have to have 2 'case' statements, like in the rules
+         * below, and backup a single character (not spacing over the extend
+         * ones) and then see if that is one of the region-end characters and
+         * go from there */
+        case WB_Ex_or_FO_or_ZWJ_then_foo:
+            prev = backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target);
+            goto redo;
 
-        /* Here, 'before' is horizontal space, and 'after' is not any kind of
-         * space.  Normal rules apply */
-    }
+        case WB_DQ_then_HL + WB_BREAKABLE:
+        case WB_DQ_then_HL + WB_NOBREAK:
 
-    /* Ignore Format and Extend characters, except when they appear at the
-     * beginning of a region of text.
-     * WB4.  X (Extend | Format)*  →  X. */
+            /* WB7c  Hebrew_Letter Double_Quote  ×  Hebrew_Letter */
 
-    if (after == WB_Extend || after == WB_Format) {
-        return FALSE;
-    }
+            if (backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target)
+                                                            == WB_Hebrew_Letter)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
 
-    if (before == WB_Extend || before == WB_Format) {
-        before = backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target);
-    }
+             return WB_table[before][after] - WB_DQ_then_HL == WB_BREAKABLE;
 
-    switch (WBcase(before, after)) {
-            /* Otherwise, break everywhere (including around ideographs).
-                WB14.  Any  ÷  Any */
-            default:
-                return TRUE;
+        case WB_HL_then_DQ + WB_BREAKABLE:
+        case WB_HL_then_DQ + WB_NOBREAK:
+
+            /* WB7b  Hebrew_Letter  ×  Double_Quote Hebrew_Letter */
 
-            /* Do not break between most letters.
-                WB5.  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) × (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) */
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
+            if (advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
+                                       TRUE /* Do skip Extend and Format */ )
+                                                            == WB_Hebrew_Letter)
+            {
                 return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            return WB_table[before][after] - WB_HL_then_DQ == WB_BREAKABLE;
+
+        case WB_LE_or_HL_then_MB_or_ML_or_SQ + WB_NOBREAK:
+        case WB_LE_or_HL_then_MB_or_ML_or_SQ + WB_BREAKABLE:
 
-            /* Do not break letters across certain punctuation.
-                WB6.  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter)
-                        × (MidLetter | MidNumLet | Single_Quote) (ALetter
-                                                            | Hebrew_Letter) */
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_MidLetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_MidNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_Single_Quote):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_MidLetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_MidNumLet):
-            /*case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_Single_Quote):*/
-                after = advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
+            /* WB6  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter)  ×  (MidLetter | MidNumLet
+             *       | Single_Quote) (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) */
+
+            next = advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
                                        TRUE /* Do skip Extend and Format */ );
-                return after != WB_ALetter && after != WB_Hebrew_Letter;
-
-            /* WB7.  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) (MidLetter | MidNumLet |
-             *                    Single_Quote) ×  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) */
-            case WBcase(WB_MidLetter, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_MidLetter, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-            case WBcase(WB_MidNumLet, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_MidNumLet, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Single_Quote, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Single_Quote, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-                before
-                  = backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target);
-                return before != WB_ALetter && before != WB_Hebrew_Letter;
-
-            /* WB7a.  Hebrew_Letter  ×  Single_Quote */
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_Single_Quote):
+
+            if (next == WB_ALetter || next == WB_Hebrew_Letter)
+            {
                 return FALSE;
+            }
 
-            /* WB7b.  Hebrew_Letter  ×  Double_Quote Hebrew_Letter */
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_Double_Quote):
-                return advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
-                                       TRUE /* Do skip Extend and Format */ )
-                       != WB_Hebrew_Letter;
+            return WB_table[before][after]
+                            - WB_LE_or_HL_then_MB_or_ML_or_SQ == WB_BREAKABLE;
 
-            /* WB7c.  Hebrew_Letter Double_Quote  ×  Hebrew_Letter */
-            case WBcase(WB_Double_Quote, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-                return backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target)
-                                                        != WB_Hebrew_Letter;
+        case WB_MB_or_ML_or_SQ_then_LE_or_HL + WB_NOBREAK:
+        case WB_MB_or_ML_or_SQ_then_LE_or_HL + WB_BREAKABLE:
 
-            /* Do not break within sequences of digits, or digits adjacent to
-             * letters (“3a”, or “A3”).
-                WB8.  Numeric  ×  Numeric */
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_Numeric):
-                return FALSE;
+            /* WB7  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) (MidLetter | MidNumLet
+             *       | Single_Quote)  ×  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) */
 
-            /* WB9.  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter)  ×  Numeric */
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_Numeric):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_Numeric):
+            prev = backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target);
+            if (prev == WB_ALetter || prev == WB_Hebrew_Letter)
+            {
                 return FALSE;
+            }
 
-            /* WB10.  Numeric  ×  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter) */
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-                return FALSE;
+            return WB_table[before][after]
+                            - WB_MB_or_ML_or_SQ_then_LE_or_HL == WB_BREAKABLE;
 
-            /* Do not break within sequences, such as “3.2” or “3,456.789”.
-                WB11.   Numeric (MidNum | MidNumLet | Single_Quote)  ×  Numeric
-             */
-            case WBcase(WB_MidNum, WB_Numeric):
-            case WBcase(WB_MidNumLet, WB_Numeric):
-            case WBcase(WB_Single_Quote, WB_Numeric):
-                return backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target)
-                                                               != WB_Numeric;
-
-            /*  WB12.   Numeric  ×  (MidNum | MidNumLet | Single_Quote) Numeric
-             *  */
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_MidNum):
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_MidNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_Single_Quote):
-                return advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
-                                      TRUE /* Do skip Extend and Format */ )
-                        != WB_Numeric;
-
-            /* Do not break between Katakana.
-               WB13.  Katakana  ×  Katakana */
-            case WBcase(WB_Katakana, WB_Katakana):
-                return FALSE;
+        case WB_MB_or_MN_or_SQ_then_NU + WB_NOBREAK:
+        case WB_MB_or_MN_or_SQ_then_NU + WB_BREAKABLE:
 
-            /* Do not break from extenders.
-               WB13a.  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter | Numeric | Katakana |
-                                            ExtendNumLet)  ×  ExtendNumLet */
-            case WBcase(WB_ALetter, WB_ExtendNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_Hebrew_Letter, WB_ExtendNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_Numeric, WB_ExtendNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_Katakana, WB_ExtendNumLet):
-            case WBcase(WB_ExtendNumLet, WB_ExtendNumLet):
-                return FALSE;
+            /* WB11  Numeric (MidNum | (MidNumLet | Single_Quote))  ×  Numeric
+             * */
 
-            /* WB13b.  ExtendNumLet  ×  (ALetter | Hebrew_Letter | Numeric
-             *                                                 | Katakana) */
-            case WBcase(WB_ExtendNumLet, WB_ALetter):
-            case WBcase(WB_ExtendNumLet, WB_Hebrew_Letter):
-            case WBcase(WB_ExtendNumLet, WB_Numeric):
-            case WBcase(WB_ExtendNumLet, WB_Katakana):
+            if (backup_one_WB(&previous, strbeg, &before_pos, utf8_target)
+                                                            == WB_Numeric)
+            {
                 return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            return WB_table[before][after]
+                                - WB_MB_or_MN_or_SQ_then_NU == WB_BREAKABLE;
 
-            /* Do not break between regional indicator symbols.
-               WB13c.  Regional_Indicator  ×  Regional_Indicator */
-            case WBcase(WB_Regional_Indicator, WB_Regional_Indicator):
+        case WB_NU_then_MB_or_MN_or_SQ + WB_NOBREAK:
+        case WB_NU_then_MB_or_MN_or_SQ + WB_BREAKABLE:
+
+            /* WB12  Numeric  ×  (MidNum | MidNumLet | Single_Quote) Numeric */
+
+            if (advance_one_WB(&after_pos, strend, utf8_target,
+                                       TRUE /* Do skip Extend and Format */ )
+                                                            == WB_Numeric)
+            {
                 return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            return WB_table[before][after]
+                                - WB_NU_then_MB_or_MN_or_SQ == WB_BREAKABLE;
+
+        case WB_RI_then_RI + WB_NOBREAK:
+        case WB_RI_then_RI + WB_BREAKABLE:
+            {
+                int RI_count = 1;
+
+                /* Do not break within emoji flag sequences. That is, do not
+                 * break between regional indicator (RI) symbols if there is an
+                 * odd number of RI characters before the potential break
+                 * point.
+                 *
+                 * WB15     ^ (RI RI)* RI × RI
+                 * WB16 [^RI] (RI RI)* RI × RI */
+
+                while (backup_one_WB(&previous,
+                                     strbeg,
+                                     &before_pos,
+                                     utf8_target) == WB_Regional_Indicator)
+                {
+                    RI_count++;
+                }
+
+                return RI_count % 2 != 1;
+            }
 
+        default:
+            break;
     }
 
-    NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+    Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "Unhandled WB pair: WB_table[%d, %d] = %d\n",
+                                  before, after, WB_table[before][after]);
+    assert(0);
+#endif
+    return TRUE;
 }
 
 STATIC WB_enum
@@ -5065,8 +5255,8 @@ S_backup_one_WB(pTHX_ WB_enum * previous, const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos,
             *previous = (*curpos <= strbeg) ? WB_EDGE : WB_UNKNOWN;
         }
 
-        /* And we always back up over these two types */
-        if (wb != WB_Extend && wb != WB_Format) {
+        /* And we always back up over these three types */
+        if (wb != WB_Extend && wb != WB_Format && wb != WB_ZWJ) {
             return wb;
         }
     }
@@ -5097,7 +5287,7 @@ S_backup_one_WB(pTHX_ WB_enum * previous, const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos,
                 *curpos = (U8 *) strbeg;
                 return WB_EDGE;
             }
-        } while (wb == WB_Extend || wb == WB_Format);
+        } while (wb == WB_Extend || wb == WB_Format || wb == WB_ZWJ);
     }
     else {
         do {
@@ -5113,13 +5303,32 @@ S_backup_one_WB(pTHX_ WB_enum * previous, const U8 * const strbeg, U8 ** curpos,
     return wb;
 }
 
+#define EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS(st,expr)                        \
+(                                                           \
+    (   ( st )                                         ) && \
+    (   ( st )->u.eval.close_paren                     ) && \
+    ( ( ( st )->u.eval.close_paren ) == ( (expr) + 1 ) )    \
+)
+
+#define EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(st,expr)                   \
+(                                                           \
+    (   ( st )                                         ) && \
+    (   ( st )->u.eval.close_paren                     ) && \
+    (   ( expr )                                       ) && \
+    ( ( ( st )->u.eval.close_paren ) == ( (expr) + 1 ) )    \
+)
+
+
+#define EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_SET(st,expr) \
+    (st)->u.eval.close_paren = ( (expr) + 1 )
+
+#define EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_CLEAR(st) \
+    (st)->u.eval.close_paren = 0
+
 /* returns -1 on failure, $+[0] on success */
 STATIC SSize_t
 S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
 {
-#if PERL_VERSION < 9 && !defined(PERL_CORE)
-    dMY_CXT;
-#endif
     dVAR;
     const bool utf8_target = reginfo->is_utf8_target;
     const U32 uniflags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
@@ -5135,10 +5344,10 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
     SSize_t ln = 0; /* len or last;  init to avoid compiler warning */
     char *locinput = startpos;
     char *pushinput; /* where to continue after a PUSH */
-    I32 nextchr;   /* is always set to UCHARAT(locinput) */
+    I32 nextchr;   /* is always set to UCHARAT(locinput), or -1 at EOS */
 
     bool result = 0;       /* return value of S_regmatch */
-    int depth = 0;         /* depth of backtrack stack */
+    U32 depth = 0;            /* depth of backtrack stack */
     U32 nochange_depth = 0; /* depth of GOSUB recursion with nochange */
     const U32 max_nochange_depth =
         (3 * rex->nparens > MAX_RECURSE_EVAL_NOCHANGE_DEPTH) ?
@@ -5187,6 +5396,12 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
     bool is_utf8_pat = reginfo->is_utf8_pat;
     bool match = FALSE;
 
+/* Solaris Studio 12.3 messes up fetching PL_charclass['\n'] */
+#if (defined(__SUNPRO_C) && (__SUNPRO_C == 0x5120) && defined(__x86_64) && defined(USE_64_BIT_ALL))
+#  define SOLARIS_BAD_OPTIMIZER
+    const U32 *pl_charclass_dup = PL_charclass;
+#  define PL_charclass pl_charclass_dup
+#endif
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
@@ -5201,30 +5416,19 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGMATCH;
 
-    DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r( DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"regmatch start\n");
-    }));
-
     st = PL_regmatch_state;
 
     /* Note that nextchr is a byte even in UTF */
     SET_nextchr;
     scan = prog;
+
+    DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r( DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
+            DUMP_EXEC_POS( locinput, scan, utf8_target, depth );
+            Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "regmatch start\n" );
+    }));
+
     while (scan != NULL) {
 
-        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( {
-           SV * const prop = sv_newmortal();
-           regnode *rnext=regnext(scan);
-           DUMP_EXEC_POS( locinput, scan, utf8_target );
-            regprop(rex, prop, scan, reginfo, NULL);
-            
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                   "%3"IVdf":%*s%s(%"IVdf")\n",
-                   (IV)(scan - rexi->program), depth*2, "",
-                   SvPVX_const(prop),
-                   (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == END || !rnext) ? 
-                       0 : (IV)(rnext - rexi->program));
-       });
 
        next = scan + NEXT_OFF(scan);
        if (next == scan)
@@ -5232,6 +5436,23 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
        state_num = OP(scan);
 
       reenter_switch:
+        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
+            if (state_num <= REGNODE_MAX) {
+                SV * const prop = sv_newmortal();
+                regnode *rnext = regnext(scan);
+
+                DUMP_EXEC_POS( locinput, scan, utf8_target, depth );
+                regprop(rex, prop, scan, reginfo, NULL);
+                Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                    "%*s%" IVdf ":%s(%" IVdf ")\n",
+                    INDENT_CHARS(depth), "",
+                    (IV)(scan - rexi->program),
+                    SvPVX_const(prop),
+                    (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == END || !rnext) ?
+                        0 : (IV)(rnext - rexi->program));
+            }
+        );
+
         to_complement = 0;
 
         SET_nextchr;
@@ -5261,14 +5482,12 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            st->u.keeper.val = rex->offs[0].start;
            rex->offs[0].start = locinput - reginfo->strbeg;
            PUSH_STATE_GOTO(KEEPS_next, next, locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case KEEPS_next_fail:
            /* rollback the start point change */
            rex->offs[0].start = st->u.keeper.val;
            sayNO_SILENT;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case MEOL: /* /..$/m  */
@@ -5307,12 +5526,10 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
              */
             if(!NEXTCHR_IS_EOS && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(scan, nextchr)) {
                 DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                              "%*s  %sfailed to match trie start class...%s\n",
-                              REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sfailed to match trie start class...%s\n",
+                              depth, PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
                 );
                 sayNO_SILENT;
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
             }
             /* FALLTHROUGH */
@@ -5389,17 +5606,15 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                 {
                    if (trie->states[ state ].wordnum) {
                         DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                                         "%*s  %smatched empty string...%s\n",
-                                         REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
+                            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%smatched empty string...%s\n",
+                                          depth, PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
                         );
                        if (!trie->jump)
                            break;
                    } else {
                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                                         "%*s  %sfailed to match trie start class...%s\n",
-                                         REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
+                            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sfailed to match trie start class...%s\n",
+                                          depth, PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
                         );
                        sayNO_SILENT;
                   }
@@ -5451,10 +5666,11 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                    }
 
                    DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r({
-                               DUMP_EXEC_POS( (char *)uc, scan, utf8_target );
-                               PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                                   "%*s  %sState: %4"UVxf" Accepted: %c ",
-                                   2+depth * 2, "", PL_colors[4],
+                                DUMP_EXEC_POS( (char *)uc, scan, utf8_target, depth );
+                                /* HERE */
+                                PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
+                                    "%*s%sState: %4" UVxf " Accepted: %c ",
+                                    INDENT_CHARS(depth), "", PL_colors[4],
                                    (UV)state, (accepted ? 'Y' : 'N'));
                    });
 
@@ -5486,8 +5702,8 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                        state = 0;
                    }
                    DEBUG_TRIE_EXECUTE_r(
-                       PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                           "Charid:%3x CP:%4"UVxf" After State: %4"UVxf"%s\n",
+                        Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                           "Charid:%3x CP:%4" UVxf " After State: %4" UVxf "%s\n",
                            charid, uvc, (UV)state, PL_colors[5] );
                    );
                }
@@ -5506,28 +5722,25 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                }
 
                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                       "%*s  %sgot %"IVdf" possible matches%s\n",
-                       REPORT_CODE_OFF + depth * 2, "",
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sgot %" IVdf " possible matches%s\n",
+                        depth,
                        PL_colors[4], (IV)ST.accepted, PL_colors[5] );
                );
                goto trie_first_try; /* jump into the fail handler */
            }}
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case TRIE_next_fail: /* we failed - try next alternative */
         {
             U8 *uc;
-            if ( ST.jump) {
+            if ( ST.jump ) {
                 REGCP_UNWIND(ST.cp);
                 UNWIND_PAREN(ST.lastparen, ST.lastcloseparen);
            }
            if (!--ST.accepted) {
                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
-                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                       "%*s  %sTRIE failed...%s\n",
-                       REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", 
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sTRIE failed...%s\n",
+                        depth,
                        PL_colors[4],
                        PL_colors[5] );
                });
@@ -5554,7 +5767,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                 no_final = 0;
             }
 
-            if ( ST.jump) {
+            if ( ST.jump ) {
                 ST.lastparen = rex->lastparen;
                 ST.lastcloseparen = rex->lastcloseparen;
                REGCP_SET(ST.cp);
@@ -5617,18 +5830,16 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                            : NEXT_OFF(ST.me));
 
            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
-               PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                   "%*s  %sTRIE matched word #%d, continuing%s\n",
-                   REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", 
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sTRIE matched word #%d, continuing%s\n",
+                    depth,
                    PL_colors[4],
                    ST.nextword,
                    PL_colors[5]
                    );
            });
 
-           if (ST.accepted > 1 || has_cutgroup) {
+           if ( ST.accepted > 1 || has_cutgroup || ST.jump ) {
                PUSH_STATE_GOTO(TRIE_next, scan, (char*)uc);
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
            }
            /* only one choice left - just continue */
@@ -5639,9 +5850,8 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                         ? av_fetch(trie_words, ST.nextword - 1, 0) : NULL;
                SV *sv= tmp ? sv_newmortal() : NULL;
 
-               PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                   "%*s  %sonly one match left, short-circuiting: #%d <%s>%s\n",
-                   REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", PL_colors[4],
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sonly one match left, short-circuiting: #%d <%s>%s\n",
+                    depth, PL_colors[4],
                    ST.nextword,
                    tmp ? pv_pretty(sv, SvPV_nolen_const(*tmp), SvCUR(*tmp), 0,
                            PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
@@ -5937,7 +6147,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                         b1 = (locinput == reginfo->strbeg)
                              ? 0 /* isWORDCHAR_L1('\n') */
                              : isWORDCHAR_utf8(reghop3((U8*)locinput, -1,
-                                                                (U8*)(reginfo->strbeg)));
+                                                       (U8*)(reginfo->strbeg)));
                         b2 = (NEXTCHR_IS_EOS)
                             ? 0 /* isWORDCHAR_L1('\n') */
                             : isWORDCHAR_utf8((U8*)locinput);
@@ -5958,7 +6168,10 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                                                         (U8*)(reginfo->strbeg)),
                                                 (U8*) reginfo->strend),
                                           getGCB_VAL_UTF8((U8*) locinput,
-                                                        (U8*) reginfo->strend));
+                                                        (U8*) reginfo->strend),
+                                          (U8*) reginfo->strbeg,
+                                          (U8*) locinput,
+                                          utf8_target);
                         }
                         break;
 
@@ -6123,7 +6336,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                locinput += UTF8SKIP(locinput);
            }
            else {
-               if (!REGINCLASS(rex, scan, (U8*)locinput))
+               if (!REGINCLASS(rex, scan, (U8*)locinput, utf8_target))
                    sayNO;
                locinput++;
            }
@@ -6148,23 +6361,26 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                 if (! (to_complement ^ cBOOL(isFOO_lc(FLAGS(scan), (U8) nextchr)))) {
                     sayNO;
                 }
+
+                locinput++;
+                break;
             }
-            else if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(nextchr)) {
-                if (! (to_complement ^ cBOOL(isFOO_lc(FLAGS(scan),
-                                               EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(nextchr,
-                                               *(locinput + 1))))))
-                {
-                    sayNO;
-                }
-            }
-            else { /* Here, must be an above Latin-1 code point */
+
+            if (! UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(nextchr)) { /* An above Latin-1 code point */
                 _CHECK_AND_OUTPUT_WIDE_LOCALE_UTF8_MSG(locinput, reginfo->strend);
                 goto utf8_posix_above_latin1;
             }
 
-            /* Here, must be utf8 */
-            locinput += UTF8SKIP(locinput);
-            break;
+            /* Here is a UTF-8 variant code point below 256 and the target is
+             * UTF-8 */
+            if (! (to_complement ^ cBOOL(isFOO_lc(FLAGS(scan),
+                                            EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(nextchr,
+                                            *(locinput + 1))))))
+            {
+                sayNO;
+            }
+
+            goto increment_locinput;
 
         case NPOSIXD:   /* \W or [:^punct:] etc. under /d */
             to_complement = 1;
@@ -6188,7 +6404,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
             }
 
             to_complement = 1;
-            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+            goto join_nposixa;
 
         case POSIXA:    /* \w or [:punct:] etc. under /a */
 
@@ -6197,9 +6413,14 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
              * UTF-8, and also from NPOSIXA even in UTF-8 when the current
              * character is a single byte */
 
-            if (NEXTCHR_IS_EOS
-                || ! (to_complement ^ cBOOL(_generic_isCC_A(nextchr,
-                                                            FLAGS(scan)))))
+            if (NEXTCHR_IS_EOS) {
+                sayNO;
+            }
+
+          join_nposixa:
+
+            if (! (to_complement ^ cBOOL(_generic_isCC_A(nextchr,
+                                                                FLAGS(scan)))))
             {
                 sayNO;
             }
@@ -6335,7 +6556,10 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                 while (locinput < reginfo->strend) {
                     GCB_enum cur_gcb = getGCB_VAL_UTF8((U8*) locinput,
                                                          (U8*) reginfo->strend);
-                    if (isGCB(prev_gcb, cur_gcb)) {
+                    if (isGCB(prev_gcb, cur_gcb,
+                              (U8*) reginfo->strbeg, (U8*) locinput,
+                              utf8_target))
+                    {
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -6491,18 +6715,19 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
 
 #undef  ST
 #define ST st->u.eval
+#define CUR_EVAL cur_eval->u.eval
+
        {
            SV *ret;
            REGEXP *re_sv;
             regexp *re;
             regexp_internal *rei;
             regnode *startpoint;
+            U32 arg;
 
-       case GOSTART: /*  (?R)  */
        case GOSUB: /*    /(...(?1))/   /(...(?&foo))/   */
-           if (cur_eval && cur_eval->locinput==locinput) {
-                if (cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ARG(scan)) 
-                    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Infinite recursion in regex");
+            arg= (U32)ARG(scan);
+            if (cur_eval && cur_eval->locinput == locinput) {
                 if ( ++nochange_depth > max_nochange_depth )
                     Perl_croak(aTHX_ 
                         "Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change"
@@ -6513,12 +6738,33 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            re_sv = rex_sv;
             re = rex;
             rei = rexi;
-            if (OP(scan)==GOSUB) {
-                startpoint = scan + ARG2L(scan);
-                ST.close_paren = ARG(scan);
+            startpoint = scan + ARG2L(scan);
+            EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_SET( st, arg );
+            /* Detect infinite recursion
+             *
+             * A pattern like /(?R)foo/ or /(?<x>(?&y)foo)(?<y>(?&x)bar)/
+             * or "a"=~/(.(?2))((?<=(?=(?1)).))/ could recurse forever.
+             * So we track the position in the string we are at each time
+             * we recurse and if we try to enter the same routine twice from
+             * the same position we throw an error.
+             */
+            if ( rex->recurse_locinput[arg] == locinput ) {
+                /* FIXME: we should show the regop that is failing as part
+                 * of the error message. */
+                Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Infinite recursion in regex");
             } else {
-                startpoint = rei->program+1;
-                ST.close_paren = 0;
+                ST.prev_recurse_locinput= rex->recurse_locinput[arg];
+                rex->recurse_locinput[arg]= locinput;
+
+                DEBUG_r({
+                    GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+                    DEBUG_STACK_r({
+                        Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+                            "entering GOSUB, prev_recurse_locinput=%p recurse_locinput[%d]=%p\n",
+                            depth, ST.prev_recurse_locinput, arg, rex->recurse_locinput[arg]
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
             }
 
             /* Save all the positions seen so far. */
@@ -6547,7 +6793,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                CV *newcv;
 
                /* save *all* paren positions */
-               regcppush(rex, 0, maxopenparen);
+                regcppush(rex, 0, maxopenparen);
                REGCP_SET(runops_cp);
 
                if (!caller_cv)
@@ -6556,10 +6802,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                n = ARG(scan);
 
                if (rexi->data->what[n] == 'r') { /* code from an external qr */
-                   newcv = (ReANY(
-                                               (REGEXP*)(rexi->data->data[n])
-                                           ))->qr_anoncv
-                                       ;
+                    newcv = (ReANY(
+                                    (REGEXP*)(rexi->data->data[n])
+                            ))->qr_anoncv;
                    nop = (OP*)rexi->data->data[n+1];
                }
                else if (rexi->data->what[n] == 'l') { /* literal code */
@@ -6639,8 +6884,8 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                }
                nop = nop->op_next;
 
-               DEBUG_STATE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, 
-                   "  re EVAL PL_op=0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(nop)) );
+                DEBUG_STATE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                   "  re EVAL PL_op=0x%" UVxf "\n", PTR2UV(nop)) );
 
                rex->offs[0].end = locinput - reginfo->strbeg;
                 if (reginfo->info_aux_eval->pos_magic)
@@ -6714,8 +6959,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                 * in the regexp code uses the pad ! */
                PL_op = oop;
                PL_curcop = ocurcop;
-               S_regcp_restore(aTHX_ rex, runops_cp, &maxopenparen);
-               PL_curpm = PL_reg_curpm;
+                regcp_restore(rex, runops_cp, &maxopenparen);
+                PL_curpm_under = PL_curpm;
+                PL_curpm = PL_reg_curpm;
 
                if (logical != 2)
                    break;
@@ -6778,7 +7024,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                                     reginfo->strend, "Matching embedded");
                );              
                startpoint = rei->program + 1;
-                       ST.close_paren = 0; /* only used for GOSUB */
+                EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_CLEAR(st); /* ST.close_paren = 0;
+                                             * close_paren only for GOSUB */
+                ST.prev_recurse_locinput= NULL; /* only used for GOSUB */
                 /* Save all the seen positions so far. */
                 ST.cp = regcppush(rex, 0, maxopenparen);
                 REGCP_SET(ST.lastcp);
@@ -6815,12 +7063,30 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                cur_eval = st;
                /* now continue from first node in postoned RE */
                PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(EVAL_AB, startpoint, locinput);
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
        }
 
        case EVAL_AB: /* cleanup after a successful (??{A})B */
-           /* note: this is called twice; first after popping B, then A */
+            /* note: this is called twice; first after popping B, then A */
+            DEBUG_STACK_r({
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "EVAL_AB cur_eval=%p prev_eval=%p\n",
+                    depth, cur_eval, ST.prev_eval);
+            });
+
+#define SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT(STR,VAL)\
+            if ( cur_eval && CUR_EVAL.close_paren ) {\
+                DEBUG_STACK_r({ \
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  STR " GOSUB%d ce=%p recurse_locinput=%p\n",\
+                        depth,    \
+                        CUR_EVAL.close_paren - 1,\
+                        cur_eval, \
+                        VAL);     \
+                });               \
+                rex->recurse_locinput[CUR_EVAL.close_paren - 1] = VAL;\
+            }
+
+            SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("EVAL_AB[before]", CUR_EVAL.prev_recurse_locinput);
+
            rex_sv = ST.prev_rex;
             is_utf8_pat = reginfo->is_utf8_pat = cBOOL(RX_UTF8(rex_sv));
            SET_reg_curpm(rex_sv);
@@ -6841,11 +7107,20 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            reginfo->poscache_maxiter = 0;
             if ( nochange_depth )
                nochange_depth--;
+
+            SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("EVAL_AB[after]", cur_eval->locinput);
            sayYES;
 
 
        case EVAL_AB_fail: /* unsuccessfully ran A or B in (??{A})B */
            /* note: this is called twice; first after popping B, then A */
+            DEBUG_STACK_r({
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "EVAL_AB_fail cur_eval=%p prev_eval=%p\n",
+                    depth, cur_eval, ST.prev_eval);
+            });
+
+            SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("EVAL_AB_fail[before]", CUR_EVAL.prev_recurse_locinput);
+
            rex_sv = ST.prev_rex;
             is_utf8_pat = reginfo->is_utf8_pat = cBOOL(RX_UTF8(rex_sv));
            SET_reg_curpm(rex_sv);
@@ -6853,14 +7128,17 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            rexi = RXi_GET(rex); 
 
            REGCP_UNWIND(ST.lastcp);
-           regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
+            regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
            cur_eval = ST.prev_eval;
            cur_curlyx = ST.prev_curlyx;
+
            /* Invalidate cache. See "invalidate" comment above. */
            reginfo->poscache_maxiter = 0;
            if ( nochange_depth )
                nochange_depth--;
-           sayNO_SILENT;
+
+            SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("EVAL_AB_fail[after]", cur_eval->locinput);
+            sayNO_SILENT;
 #undef ST
 
        case OPEN: /*  (  */
@@ -6868,8 +7146,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            rex->offs[n].start_tmp = locinput - reginfo->strbeg;
            if (n > maxopenparen)
                maxopenparen = n;
-           DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "rex=0x%"UVxf" offs=0x%"UVxf": \\%"UVuf": set %"IVdf" tmp; maxopenparen=%"UVuf"\n",
+            DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_
+               "rex=0x%" UVxf " offs=0x%" UVxf ": \\%" UVuf ": set %" IVdf " tmp; maxopenparen=%" UVuf "\n",
+                depth,
                PTR2UV(rex),
                PTR2UV(rex->offs),
                (UV)n,
@@ -6880,16 +7159,17 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            break;
 
 /* XXX really need to log other places start/end are set too */
-#define CLOSE_CAPTURE \
-    rex->offs[n].start = rex->offs[n].start_tmp; \
-    rex->offs[n].end = locinput - reginfo->strbeg; \
-    DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, \
-       "rex=0x%"UVxf" offs=0x%"UVxf": \\%"UVuf": set %"IVdf"..%"IVdf"\n", \
-       PTR2UV(rex), \
-       PTR2UV(rex->offs), \
-       (UV)n, \
-       (IV)rex->offs[n].start, \
-       (IV)rex->offs[n].end \
+#define CLOSE_CAPTURE                                                      \
+    rex->offs[n].start = rex->offs[n].start_tmp;                           \
+    rex->offs[n].end = locinput - reginfo->strbeg;                         \
+    DEBUG_BUFFERS_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_                            \
+        "rex=0x%" UVxf " offs=0x%" UVxf ": \\%" UVuf ": set %" IVdf "..%" IVdf "\n", \
+        depth,                                                             \
+        PTR2UV(rex),                                                       \
+        PTR2UV(rex->offs),                                                 \
+        (UV)n,                                                             \
+        (IV)rex->offs[n].start,                                            \
+        (IV)rex->offs[n].end                                               \
     ))
 
        case CLOSE:  /*  )  */
@@ -6898,9 +7178,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
            if (n > rex->lastparen)
                rex->lastparen = n;
            rex->lastcloseparen = n;
-            if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == n) {
+            if ( EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS( cur_eval, n ) )
                goto fake_end;
-           }    
+
            break;
 
         case ACCEPT:  /*  (*ACCEPT)  */
@@ -6919,8 +7199,7 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
                             if (n > rex->lastparen)
                                 rex->lastparen = n;
                             rex->lastcloseparen = n;
-                            if ( n == ARG(scan) || (cur_eval &&
-                                cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == n))
+                            if ( n == ARG(scan) || EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS(cur_eval, n) )
                                 break;
                         }
                     }
@@ -6941,7 +7220,9 @@ S_regmatch(pTHX_ regmatch_info *reginfo, char *startpos, regnode *prog)
 
         case INSUBP:   /*  (?(R))  */
             n = ARG(scan);
-            sw = (cur_eval && (!n || cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == n));
+            /* this does not need to use EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN macros, as the arg
+             * of SCAN is already set up as matches a eval.close_paren */
+            sw = cur_eval && (n == 0 || CUR_EVAL.close_paren == n);
             break;
 
         case DEFINEP:  /*  (?(DEFINE))  */
@@ -7077,21 +7358,18 @@ NULL
            ST.lastloc = NULL;  /* this will be updated by WHILEM */
 
            PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(CURLYX_end, PREVOPER(next), locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
        }
 
        case CURLYX_end: /* just finished matching all of A*B */
            cur_curlyx = ST.prev_curlyx;
            sayYES;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case CURLYX_end_fail: /* just failed to match all of A*B */
            regcpblow(ST.cp);
            cur_curlyx = ST.prev_curlyx;
            sayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
 
@@ -7116,30 +7394,26 @@ NULL
            ST.cache_mask = 0;
            
 
-           DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                 "%*s  whilem: matched %ld out of %d..%d\n",
-                 REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", (long)n, min, max)
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "whilem: matched %ld out of %d..%d\n",
+                  depth, (long)n, min, max)
            );
 
            /* First just match a string of min A's. */
 
            if (n < min) {
-               ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
-                                    maxopenparen);
+                ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor, maxopenparen);
                cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc = locinput;
                REGCP_SET(ST.lastcp);
 
                PUSH_STATE_GOTO(WHILEM_A_pre, A, locinput);
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
            }
 
            /* If degenerate A matches "", assume A done. */
 
            if (locinput == cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc) {
-               DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                  "%*s  whilem: empty match detected, trying continuation...\n",
-                  REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "")
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "whilem: empty match detected, trying continuation...\n",
+                   depth)
                );
                goto do_whilem_B_max;
            }
@@ -7205,7 +7479,7 @@ NULL
                        reginfo->poscache_size = size;
                        Newxz(aux->poscache, size, char);
                    }
-                   DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
+                    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
       "%swhilem: Detected a super-linear match, switching on caching%s...\n",
                              PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
                    );
@@ -7222,10 +7496,10 @@ NULL
                    mask    = 1 << (offset % 8);
                    offset /= 8;
                    if (reginfo->info_aux->poscache[offset] & mask) {
-                       DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                           "%*s  whilem: (cache) already tried at this position...\n",
-                           REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "")
+                        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r( Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "whilem: (cache) already tried at this position...\n",
+                            depth)
                        );
+                        cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.count--;
                        sayNO; /* cache records failure */
                    }
                    ST.cache_offset = offset;
@@ -7238,36 +7512,32 @@ NULL
            if (cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.minmod) {
                ST.save_curlyx = cur_curlyx;
                cur_curlyx = cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.prev_curlyx;
-               ST.cp = regcppush(rex, ST.save_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
+                ST.cp = regcppush(rex, ST.save_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
                             maxopenparen);
                REGCP_SET(ST.lastcp);
                PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(WHILEM_B_min, ST.save_curlyx->u.curlyx.B,
                                     locinput);
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
            }
 
            /* Prefer A over B for maximal matching. */
 
            if (n < max) { /* More greed allowed? */
-               ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
+                ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
                             maxopenparen);
                cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc = locinput;
                REGCP_SET(ST.lastcp);
                PUSH_STATE_GOTO(WHILEM_A_max, A, locinput);
-                /* NOTREACHED */
                NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
            }
            goto do_whilem_B_max;
        }
-        /* NOTREACHED */
        NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case WHILEM_B_min: /* just matched B in a minimal match */
        case WHILEM_B_max: /* just matched B in a maximal match */
            cur_curlyx = ST.save_curlyx;
            sayYES;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case WHILEM_B_max_fail: /* just failed to match B in a maximal match */
@@ -7275,26 +7545,23 @@ NULL
            cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc = ST.save_lastloc;
            cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.count--;
            CACHEsayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case WHILEM_A_min_fail: /* just failed to match A in a minimal match */
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case WHILEM_A_pre_fail: /* just failed to match even minimal A */
            REGCP_UNWIND(ST.lastcp);
-           regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
+            regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
            cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc = ST.save_lastloc;
            cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.count--;
            CACHEsayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case WHILEM_A_max_fail: /* just failed to match A in a maximal match */
            REGCP_UNWIND(ST.lastcp);
-           regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen); /* Restore some previous $<digit>s? */
-           DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "%*s  whilem: failed, trying continuation...\n",
-               REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "")
+            regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen); /* Restore some previous $<digit>s? */
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "whilem: failed, trying continuation...\n",
+                depth)
            );
          do_whilem_B_max:
            if (cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.count >= REG_INFTY
@@ -7313,13 +7580,12 @@ NULL
            cur_curlyx = cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.prev_curlyx;
            PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(WHILEM_B_max, ST.save_curlyx->u.curlyx.B,
                                 locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case WHILEM_B_min_fail: /* just failed to match B in a minimal match */
            cur_curlyx = ST.save_curlyx;
            REGCP_UNWIND(ST.lastcp);
-           regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
+            regcppop(rex, &maxopenparen);
 
            if (cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.count >= /*max*/ARG2(cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.me)) {
                /* Maximum greed exceeded */
@@ -7337,18 +7603,16 @@ NULL
                CACHEsayNO;
            }
 
-           DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "%*s  trying longer...\n", REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "")
+            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "trying longer...\n", depth)
            );
            /* Try grabbing another A and see if it helps. */
            cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.lastloc = locinput;
-           ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
+            ST.cp = regcppush(rex, cur_curlyx->u.curlyx.parenfloor,
                             maxopenparen);
            REGCP_SET(ST.lastcp);
            PUSH_STATE_GOTO(WHILEM_A_min,
                /*A*/ NEXTOPER(ST.save_curlyx->u.curlyx.me) + EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS,
                 locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
 #undef  ST
@@ -7374,7 +7638,6 @@ NULL
            } else {
                PUSH_STATE_GOTO(BRANCH_next, scan, locinput);
            }
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case CUTGROUP:  /*  /(*THEN)/  */
@@ -7382,7 +7645,6 @@ NULL
                 ? MUTABLE_SV(rexi->data->data[ ARG( scan ) ])
                 : NULL;
             PUSH_STATE_GOTO(CUTGROUP_next, next, locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case CUTGROUP_next_fail:
@@ -7391,12 +7653,10 @@ NULL
             if (st->u.mark.mark_name)
                 sv_commit = st->u.mark.mark_name;
             sayNO;         
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case BRANCH_next:
             sayYES;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case BRANCH_next_fail: /* that branch failed; try the next, if any */
@@ -7410,9 +7670,8 @@ NULL
            /* no more branches? */
            if (!scan || (OP(scan) != BRANCH && OP(scan) != BRANCHJ)) {
                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
-                   PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log,
-                       "%*s  %sBRANCH failed...%s\n",
-                       REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", 
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sBRANCH failed...%s\n",
+                        depth,
                        PL_colors[4],
                        PL_colors[5] );
                });
@@ -7463,7 +7722,6 @@ NULL
 
          curlym_do_A: /* execute the A in /A{m,n}B/  */
            PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(CURLYM_A, ST.A, locinput); /* match A */
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case CURLYM_A: /* we've just matched an A */
@@ -7484,14 +7742,11 @@ NULL
                    ST.count = ST.minmod ? ARG1(ST.me) : ARG2(ST.me);
            }
            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                         "%*s  CURLYM now matched %"IVdf" times, len=%"IVdf"...\n",
-                         (int)(REPORT_CODE_OFF+(depth*2)), "",
-                         (IV) ST.count, (IV)ST.alen)
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "CURLYM now matched %" IVdf " times, len=%" IVdf "...\n",
+                          depth, (IV) ST.count, (IV)ST.alen)
            );
 
-           if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren && 
-               cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.me->flags) 
+            if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.me->flags))
                goto fake_end;
                
            {
@@ -7504,9 +7759,9 @@ NULL
        case CURLYM_A_fail: /* just failed to match an A */
            REGCP_UNWIND(ST.cp);
 
+
            if (ST.minmod || ST.count < ARG1(ST.me) /* min*/ 
-               || (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren &&
-                   cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.me->flags))
+                || EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.me->flags))
                sayNO;
 
          curlym_do_B: /* execute the B in /A{m,n}B/  */
@@ -7540,10 +7795,8 @@ NULL
            }
 
            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-               PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                   "%*s  CURLYM trying tail with matches=%"IVdf"...\n",
-                   (int)(REPORT_CODE_OFF+(depth*2)),
-                   "", (IV)ST.count)
+                Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "CURLYM trying tail with matches=%" IVdf "...\n",
+                    depth, (IV)ST.count)
                );
            if (! NEXTCHR_IS_EOS && ST.c1 != CHRTEST_VOID) {
                 if (! UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(nextchr) && utf8_target) {
@@ -7552,9 +7805,8 @@ NULL
                     {
                         /* simulate B failing */
                         DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(
-                            PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                                "%*s  CURLYM Fast bail next target=0x%"UVXf" c1=0x%"UVXf" c2=0x%"UVXf"\n",
-                                (int)(REPORT_CODE_OFF+(depth*2)),"",
+                            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "CURLYM Fast bail next target=0x%" UVXf " c1=0x%" UVXf " c2=0x%" UVXf "\n",
+                                depth,
                                 valid_utf8_to_uvchr((U8 *) locinput, NULL),
                                 valid_utf8_to_uvchr(ST.c1_utf8, NULL),
                                 valid_utf8_to_uvchr(ST.c2_utf8, NULL))
@@ -7566,9 +7818,8 @@ NULL
                 else if (nextchr != ST.c1 && nextchr != ST.c2) {
                     /* simulate B failing */
                     DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(
-                        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                            "%*s  CURLYM Fast bail next target=0x%X c1=0x%X c2=0x%X\n",
-                            (int)(REPORT_CODE_OFF+(depth*2)),"",
+                        Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "CURLYM Fast bail next target=0x%X c1=0x%X c2=0x%X\n",
+                            depth,
                             (int) nextchr, ST.c1, ST.c2)
                     );
                     state_num = CURLYM_B_fail;
@@ -7589,8 +7840,8 @@ NULL
                }
                else
                    rex->offs[paren].end = -1;
-               if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren &&
-                   cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.me->flags) 
+
+                if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.me->flags))
                {
                    if (ST.count) 
                        goto fake_end;
@@ -7600,7 +7851,6 @@ NULL
            }
            
            PUSH_STATE_GOTO(CURLYM_B, ST.B, locinput); /* match B */
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case CURLYM_B_fail: /* just failed to match a B */
@@ -7660,8 +7910,8 @@ NULL
                maxopenparen = ST.paren;
            ST.min = ARG1(scan);  /* min to match */
            ST.max = ARG2(scan);  /* max to match */
-           if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren &&
-               cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.paren) {
+            if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.paren))
+            {
                ST.min=1;
                ST.max=1;
            }
@@ -7723,7 +7973,7 @@ NULL
                 char *li = locinput;
                minmod = 0;
                if (ST.min &&
-                        regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, ST.min, depth)
+                        regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, ST.min)
                             < ST.min)
                    sayNO;
                 SET_locinput(li);
@@ -7760,7 +8010,7 @@ NULL
                 /* avoid taking address of locinput, so it can remain
                  * a register var */
                 char *li = locinput;
-               ST.count = regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, ST.max, depth);
+                ST.count = regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, ST.max);
                if (ST.count < ST.min)
                    sayNO;
                 SET_locinput(li);
@@ -7779,7 +8029,6 @@ NULL
                REGCP_SET(ST.cp);
                goto curly_try_B_max;
            }
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case CURLY_B_min_known_fail:
@@ -7844,18 +8093,15 @@ NULL
                      * locinput matches */
                     char *li = ST.oldloc;
                    ST.count += n;
-                   if (regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, n, depth) < n)
+                    if (regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, n) < n)
                        sayNO;
                     assert(n == REG_INFTY || locinput == li);
                }
                CURLY_SETPAREN(ST.paren, ST.count);
-               if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren && 
-                   cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.paren) {
+                if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.paren))
                    goto fake_end;
-               }
                PUSH_STATE_GOTO(CURLY_B_min_known, ST.B, locinput);
            }
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case CURLY_B_min_fail:
@@ -7868,7 +8114,7 @@ NULL
            /* failed -- move forward one */
             {
                 char *li = locinput;
-                if (!regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, 1, depth)) {
+                if (!regrepeat(rex, &li, ST.A, reginfo, 1)) {
                     sayNO;
                 }
                 locinput = li;
@@ -7880,23 +8126,18 @@ NULL
                {
                  curly_try_B_min:
                    CURLY_SETPAREN(ST.paren, ST.count);
-                   if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren &&
-                       cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.paren) {
+                    if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.paren))
                         goto fake_end;
-                    }
                    PUSH_STATE_GOTO(CURLY_B_min, ST.B, locinput);
                }
            }
             sayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
           curly_try_B_max:
            /* a successful greedy match: now try to match B */
-            if (cur_eval && cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren &&
-                cur_eval->u.eval.close_paren == (U32)ST.paren) {
+            if (EVAL_CLOSE_PAREN_IS_TRUE(cur_eval,(U32)ST.paren))
                 goto fake_end;
-            }
            {
                bool could_match = locinput < reginfo->strend;
 
@@ -7919,7 +8160,6 @@ NULL
                 if (ST.c1 == CHRTEST_VOID || could_match) {
                    CURLY_SETPAREN(ST.paren, ST.count);
                    PUSH_STATE_GOTO(CURLY_B_max, ST.B, locinput);
-                    /* NOTREACHED */
                    NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
                }
            }
@@ -7944,40 +8184,43 @@ NULL
           fake_end:
            if (cur_eval) {
                /* we've just finished A in /(??{A})B/; now continue with B */
-
+                SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("FAKE-END[before]", CUR_EVAL.prev_recurse_locinput);
                st->u.eval.prev_rex = rex_sv;           /* inner */
 
                 /* Save *all* the positions. */
-               st->u.eval.cp = regcppush(rex, 0, maxopenparen);
-               rex_sv = cur_eval->u.eval.prev_rex;
+                st->u.eval.cp = regcppush(rex, 0, maxopenparen);
+                rex_sv = CUR_EVAL.prev_rex;
                is_utf8_pat = reginfo->is_utf8_pat = cBOOL(RX_UTF8(rex_sv));
                SET_reg_curpm(rex_sv);
                rex = ReANY(rex_sv);
                rexi = RXi_GET(rex);
-               cur_curlyx = cur_eval->u.eval.prev_curlyx;
+
+                st->u.eval.prev_curlyx = cur_curlyx;
+                cur_curlyx = CUR_EVAL.prev_curlyx;
 
                REGCP_SET(st->u.eval.lastcp);
 
                /* Restore parens of the outer rex without popping the
                 * savestack */
-               S_regcp_restore(aTHX_ rex, cur_eval->u.eval.lastcp,
-                                        &maxopenparen);
+                regcp_restore(rex, CUR_EVAL.lastcp, &maxopenparen);
 
                st->u.eval.prev_eval = cur_eval;
-               cur_eval = cur_eval->u.eval.prev_eval;
+                cur_eval = CUR_EVAL.prev_eval;
                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-                   PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%*s  EVAL trying tail ... %"UVxf"\n",
-                                     REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "",PTR2UV(cur_eval)););
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "EVAL trying tail ... (cur_eval=%p)\n",
+                                      depth, cur_eval););
                 if ( nochange_depth )
                    nochange_depth--;
 
+                SET_RECURSE_LOCINPUT("FAKE-END[after]", cur_eval->locinput);
+
                 PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(EVAL_AB, st->u.eval.prev_eval->u.eval.B,
                                     locinput); /* match B */
            }
 
            if (locinput < reginfo->till) {
-               DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                                     "%sMatch possible, but length=%ld is smaller than requested=%ld, failing!%s\n",
+                DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_
+                                      "%sMatch possible, but length=%ld is smaller than requested=%ld, failing!%s\n",
                                      PL_colors[4],
                                      (long)(locinput - startpos),
                                      (long)(reginfo->till - startpos),
@@ -7989,9 +8232,8 @@ NULL
 
        case SUCCEED: /* successful SUSPEND/UNLESSM/IFMATCH/CURLYM */
            DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-               "%*s  %ssubpattern success...%s\n",
-               REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%ssubpattern success...%s\n",
+                depth, PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
            sayYES;                     /* Success! */
 
 #undef  ST
@@ -8039,7 +8281,6 @@ NULL
            
            /* execute body of (?...A) */
            PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(IFMATCH_A, NEXTOPER(NEXTOPER(scan)), newstart);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
         }
 
@@ -8080,7 +8321,6 @@ NULL
             if (scan->flags)
                sv_yes_mark = sv_commit = MUTABLE_SV(rexi->data->data[ ARG( scan ) ]);
            PUSH_STATE_GOTO(COMMIT_next, next, locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
        case COMMIT_next_fail:
@@ -8101,7 +8341,6 @@ NULL
             } else {
                 sayNO;
             }
-            /* NOTREACHED */
            NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
 #define ST st->u.mark
@@ -8112,13 +8351,11 @@ NULL
             mark_state = st;
             ST.mark_loc = locinput;
             PUSH_YES_STATE_GOTO(MARKPOINT_next, next, locinput);
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case MARKPOINT_next:
             mark_state = ST.prev_mark;
             sayYES;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case MARKPOINT_next_fail:
@@ -8130,9 +8367,8 @@ NULL
                 sv_commit = ST.mark_name;
 
                 DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
-                        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                           "%*s  %ssetting cutpoint to mark:%"SVf"...%s\n",
-                           REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", 
+                        Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%ssetting cutpoint to mark:%" SVf "...%s\n",
+                            depth,
                            PL_colors[4], SVfARG(sv_commit), PL_colors[5]);
                });
             }
@@ -8140,7 +8376,6 @@ NULL
             sv_yes_mark = mark_state ? 
                 mark_state->u.mark.mark_name : NULL;
             sayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
         case SKIP:  /*  (*SKIP)  */
@@ -8186,7 +8421,6 @@ NULL
             } 
             no_final = 1; 
             sayNO;
-            /* NOTREACHED */
             NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 #undef ST
 
@@ -8198,7 +8432,7 @@ NULL
             break;
 
        default:
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%"UVxf" %d\n",
+           PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%" UVxf " %d\n",
                          PTR2UV(scan), OP(scan));
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "regexp memory corruption");
 
@@ -8238,13 +8472,13 @@ NULL
                regmatch_state *curyes = yes_state;
                int curd = depth;
                regmatch_slab *slab = PL_regmatch_slab;
-                for (;curd > -1;cur--,curd--) {
+                for (;curd > -1 && (depth-curd < 3);cur--,curd--) {
                     if (cur < SLAB_FIRST(slab)) {
                        slab = slab->prev;
                        cur = SLAB_LAST(slab);
                     }
-                    PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%*s#%-3d %-10s %s\n",
-                        REPORT_CODE_OFF + 2 + depth * 2,"",
+                    Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_ "#%-3d %-10s %s\n",
+                        depth,
                         curd, PL_reg_name[cur->resume_state],
                         (curyes == cur) ? "yes" : ""
                     );
@@ -8267,14 +8501,15 @@ NULL
             /* NOTREACHED */
        }
     }
+#ifdef SOLARIS_BAD_OPTIMIZER
+#  undef PL_charclass
+#endif
 
     /*
     * We get here only if there's trouble -- normally "case END" is
     * the terminating point.
     */
     Perl_croak(aTHX_ "corrupted regexp pointers");
-    /* NOTREACHED */
-    sayNO;
     NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
   yes:
@@ -8319,7 +8554,7 @@ NULL
        goto reenter_switch;
     }
 
-    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%sMatch successful!%s\n",
+    DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_  "%sMatch successful!%s\n",
                          PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5]));
 
     if (reginfo->info_aux_eval) {
@@ -8340,9 +8575,8 @@ NULL
 
   no:
     DEBUG_EXECUTE_r(
-       PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-            "%*s  %sfailed...%s\n",
-            REPORT_CODE_OFF+depth*2, "", 
+        Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%sfailed...%s\n",
+            depth,
             PL_colors[4], PL_colors[5])
        );
 
@@ -8370,6 +8604,7 @@ NULL
            yes_state = st->u.yes.prev_yes_state;
 
        state_num = st->resume_state + 1; /* failure = success + 1 */
+        PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
        goto reenter_switch;
     }
     result = 0;
@@ -8420,7 +8655,7 @@ NULL
  */
 STATIC I32
 S_regrepeat(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char **startposp, const regnode *p,
-            regmatch_info *const reginfo, I32 max, int depth)
+            regmatch_info *const reginfo, I32 max _pDEPTH)
 {
     char *scan;     /* Pointer to current position in target string */
     I32 c;
@@ -8430,9 +8665,6 @@ S_regrepeat(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char **startposp, const regnode *p,
     unsigned int to_complement = 0;  /* Invert the result? */
     UV utf8_flags;
     _char_class_number classnum;
-#ifndef DEBUGGING
-    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
-#endif
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGREPEAT;
 
@@ -8663,8 +8895,14 @@ S_regrepeat(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char **startposp, const regnode *p,
                scan += UTF8SKIP(scan);
                hardcount++;
            }
-       } else {
-           while (scan < loceol && REGINCLASS(prog, p, (U8*)scan))
+       }
+        else if (ANYOF_FLAGS(p)) {
+           while (scan < loceol
+                    && reginclass(prog, p, (U8*)scan, (U8*)scan+1, 0))
+               scan++;
+        }
+        else {
+           while (scan < loceol && ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(p, *((U8*)scan)))
                scan++;
        }
        break;
@@ -8913,7 +9151,6 @@ S_regrepeat(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char **startposp, const regnode *p,
 
     default:
         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: regrepeat() called with unrecognized node type %d='%s'", OP(p), PL_reg_name[OP(p)]);
-        /* NOTREACHED */
         NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
 
     }
@@ -8929,9 +9166,8 @@ S_regrepeat(pTHX_ regexp *prog, char **startposp, const regnode *p,
        DEBUG_EXECUTE_r({
            SV * const prop = sv_newmortal();
             regprop(prog, prop, p, reginfo, NULL);
-           PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
-                       "%*s  %s can match %"IVdf" times out of %"IVdf"...\n",
-                       REPORT_CODE_OFF + depth*2, "", SvPVX_const(prop),(IV)c,(IV)max);
+            Perl_re_exec_indentf( aTHX_  "%s can match %" IVdf " times out of %" IVdf "...\n",
+                        depth, SvPVX_const(prop),(IV)c,(IV)max);
        });
     });
 
@@ -8989,11 +9225,8 @@ S_reginclass(pTHX_ regexp * const prog, const regnode * const n, const U8* const
      * UTF8_IS_INVARIANT() works even if not in UTF-8 */
     if (! UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(c) && utf8_target) {
         STRLEN c_len = 0;
-       c = utf8n_to_uvchr(p, p_end - p, &c_len,
-               (UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT & UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV)
-               | UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF | UTF8_CHECK_ONLY);
-               /* see [perl #37836] for UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV; [perl #38293] for
-                * UTF8_ALLOW_FFFF */
+       c = utf8n_to_uvchr(p, p_end - p, &c_len, (  UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT
+                                                  | UTF8_CHECK_ONLY));
        if (c_len == (STRLEN)-1)
            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 character (fatal)");
         if (c > 255 && OP(n) == ANYOFL && ! ANYOFL_UTF8_LOCALE_REQD(flags)) {
@@ -9132,7 +9365,7 @@ S_reginclass(pTHX_ regexp * const prog, const regnode * const n, const U8* const
             && ckWARN_d(WARN_NON_UNICODE))
         {
             Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NON_UNICODE),
-                "Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%04"UVXf" against Unicode property; may not be portable", c);
+                "Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%04" UVXf " against Unicode property; may not be portable", c);
         }
     }
 
@@ -9208,7 +9441,7 @@ S_reghop4(U8 *s, SSize_t off, const U8* llim, const U8* rlim)
  * char pos */
 
 STATIC U8 *
-S_reghopmaybe3(U8* s, SSize_t off, const U8* lim)
+S_reghopmaybe3(U8* s, SSize_t off, const U8* const lim)
 {
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGHOPMAYBE3;
 
@@ -9301,6 +9534,7 @@ S_setup_eval_state(pTHX_ regmatch_info *const reginfo)
     }
     SET_reg_curpm(reginfo->prog);
     eval_state->curpm = PL_curpm;
+    PL_curpm_under = PL_curpm;
     PL_curpm = PL_reg_curpm;
     if (RXp_MATCH_COPIED(rex)) {
         /*  Here is a serious problem: we cannot rewrite subbeg,