to check the return value of your socket() call? See
L<perlfunc/accept>.
+=item Aliasing via reference is experimental
+
+(S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use
+a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
+alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
+want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
+the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
+removed in a future Perl version:
+
+ no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
+ use feature "refaliasing";
+ \$x = \$y;
+
=item Allocation too large: %x
(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
C</^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/>. See L<perlop/Auto-increment and
Auto-decrement> for details.
-=item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
-
-(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
-spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
-
-=item A sequence of multiple spaces in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You defined a character name which had multiple space
-characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
-names are defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but
-they could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>.
-See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
-
=item assertion botched: %s
(X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
(X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
+=item Assigned value is not a reference
+
+(F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an lvalue
+reference (e.g., C<\$x = $y>). If you meant to make $x an alias to $y, use
+C<\$x = \$y>.
+
+=item Assigned value is not %s reference
+
+(F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but the
+two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a scalar to
+an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must match.
+
+ \$x = \@y; # error
+ \@x = \%y; # error
+ $y = [];
+ \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
+
=item Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
(F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under C<use v5.16;>)
must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
know which context to supply to the right side.
+=item <> at require-statement should be quotes
+
+(F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
+C<require 'file'>.
+
=item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
(F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
wasn't a symbol table entry.
+=item Bad symbol for scalar
+
+(P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something that
+wasn't a symbol table entry.
+
=item Bareword found in conditional
(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
(W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
Check your control flow and number of arguments.
-=item "\b{" is deprecated; use "\b\{" or "\b[{]" instead in regex; marked
-by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-
-=item "\B{" is deprecated; use "\B\{" or "\B[{]" instead in regex; marked
-by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-
-(D deprecated) Use of an unescaped "{" immediately following
-a C<\b> or C<\B> is now deprecated so as to reserve its use for Perl
-itself in a future release. You can either precede the brace
-with a backslash, or enclose it in square brackets; the latter
-is the way to go if the pattern delimiters are C<{}>.
-
=item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
(D deprecated) You called a function whose use is deprecated. See
the function's name in L<POSIX> for details.
+=item Cannot chr %f
+
+(F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number) to C<chr>.
+
+=item Cannot compress %f in pack
+
+(F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an unsigned
+integer with BER, which makes no sense.
+
=item Cannot compress integer in pack
-(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
-compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
-attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
+(F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress.
+The BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
+integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (> 1e308).
See L<perlfunc/pack>.
=item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
(S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a filehandle,
either with open() or binmode().
+=item Cannot pack %f with '%c'
+
+(F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
+which makes no sense.
+
+=item Cannot printf %f with '%c'
+
+(F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character (%c),
+which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just stringifying it?
+
=item Cannot set tied @DB::args
(F) C<caller> tried to set C<@DB::args>, but found it tied. Tying C<@DB::args>
characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
+=item Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
+
+(W locale) You are 1) running under "C<use locale>"; 2) the current
+locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-change
+operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the result of this
+operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which likely conflict.
+Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so the operation was not
+done; instead the result is the indicated value, which is the best
+available that uses entirely Unicode rules. That turns out to almost
+always be the original character, unchanged.
+
+It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode, and
+this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised when
+Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this operation to
+contain a character that is in the range specified by the locale,
+0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not Unicode's.
+
+If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to things
+like its numeric and time formatting (and not C<LC_CTYPE>), consider
+using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see L<perllocale/The "use
+locale" pragma>) like "S<C<use locale ':not_characters'>>".
+
+Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of
+case-insensitive C</i> regular expression matching will show up in this
+warning as having the C<fc> operation (as that is what the regular
+expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
+
=item Can't do waitpid with flags
(F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
+=item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot
+to load "%s"?)
+
+(F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the method
+could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a method
+requires a package that has not been loaded.
+
=item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
(W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
such. See L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
+=item Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
+
+(F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument to a
+reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment, and what
+you used was not one of them. See L<perlref/Assigning to References>.
+
+=item Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
+assignment
+
+(F) Assigning to C<\local(@array)> or C<\(local @array)> is not supported, as
+it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you meant to make @array
+refer to some other array, use C<\@array = \@other_array>. If you want to
+make the elements of @array aliases of the scalars referenced on the
+right-hand side, use C<\(@array) = @scalar_refs>.
+
+=item Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
+
+(F) Assigning to C<\(%hash)> is not supported. If you meant to make %hash
+refer to some other hash, use C<\%hash = \%other_hash>. If you want to
+make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars referenced on the
+right-hand side, use a hash slice: C<\@hash{@keys} = @those_scalar_refs>.
+
=item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
-=item Can't open %s
-
-(F) You tried to run a perl built with MAD support with
-the PERL_XMLDUMP environment variable set, but the file
-named by that variable could not be opened.
-
=item Can't open %s: %s
(S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
+=item Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
+
+(F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be due
+to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
+platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-around is
+to not use such a large code point.
+
=item Can't reset %ENV on this system
(F) You called C<reset('E')> or similar, which tried to reset
(F) You tried to call perl with the B<-m> switch, but you put something
other than "=" after the module name.
+=item Can't use a hash as a reference
+
+(F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
+C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl
+<= 5.22.0 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't
+have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
+
+=item Can't use an array as a reference
+
+(F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
+C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.22.0
+used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. This
+was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
+
=item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
+=item Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
+
+(F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it
+checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
+array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
+
+=item Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
+
+(F) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes.
+
+Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
+becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators,
+weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>.
+These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice, so it now
+generates a fatal error.
+
+If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean
+context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>):
+
+ if (%hash) {
+ # not empty
+ }
+
+If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package
+variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't
+a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether
+it's loaded, etc.
+
=item Can't use %s for loop variable
-(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
-foreach.
+(P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a C<foreach> loop.
=item Can't use global %s in "%s"
with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
-=item Character following "\c" must be ASCII
+=item Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
-(F)(D deprecated, syntax) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be an ASCII character.
-It is planned to make this fatal in all instances in Perl v5.20. In
-the cases where it isn't fatal, the character this evaluates to is
-derived by exclusive or'ing the code point of this character with 0x40.
+(F) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
-Note that non-alphabetic ASCII characters are discouraged here as well,
-and using non-printable ones will be deprecated starting in v5.18.
+Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
+discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled)
+L</""\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"">.
=item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
+=item charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple spaces
+
+(F) You defined a character name which had multiple space characters
+in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these names are
+defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they
+could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. See
+L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
+
+=item charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space
+
+(F) You defined a character name which ended in a space
+character. Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are
+defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they
+could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>.
+See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
+
+=item \C is deprecated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(D deprecated, regexp) The \C character class is deprecated, and will
+become a compile-time error in a future release of perl (tentatively
+v5.24). This construct allows you to match a single byte of what makes
+up a multi-byte single UTF8 character, and breaks encapsulation. It is
+currently also very buggy. If you really need to process the individual
+bytes, you probably want to convert your string to one where each
+underlying byte is stored as a character, with utf8::encode().
+
=item "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
(W syntax) The C<\cI<X>> construct is intended to be a way to specify
-non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which is better
-written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash for non-word
-characters.
+non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
+is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
+for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
+between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
=item Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
=item %s: Command not found
(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> or another shell
-shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
-into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like
+instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
+Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
(F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
-L<overload> pragma?.
+L<overload> pragma?
=item Constant is not %s reference
usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
+=item Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
+deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) You wrote something like
+
+ my $var;
+ $sub = sub () { $var };
+
+but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the C<sub>
+expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified elsewhere
+(C<$var = 3>) or it is passed to a subroutine or to an operator like
+C<printf> or C<map>, which may or may not modify the variable.
+
+Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
+point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for inlining.
+In those cases where the variable can be modified elsewhere, this
+breaks the behavior of closures, in which the subroutine captures
+the variable itself, rather than its value, so future changes to the
+variable are reflected in the subroutine's return value.
+
+This usage is deprecated, because the behavior is likely to change
+in a future version of Perl.
+
+If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining, then
+make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly by
+copying it:
+
+ my $var2 = $var;
+ $sub = sub () { $var2 };
+
+If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
+changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit C<return>:
+
+ my $var;
+ $sub = sub () { return $var };
+
=item Constant subroutine %s redefined
(W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary,
setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value.
-=item defined(@array) is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
-checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
-array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
-
-=item defined(%hash) is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes and has been
-discouraged since 5.004.
-
-Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
-becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators,
-weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>.
-These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice.
-
-If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean
-context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>):
-
- if (%hash) {
- # not empty
- }
-
-If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package
-variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't
-a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether
-it's loaded, etc.
-
-
=item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by
S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
-=item Escape literal pattern white space under /x
-
-(D deprecated) You compiled a regular expression pattern with C</x> to
-ignore white space, and you used, as a literal, one of the characters
-that Perl plans to eventually treat as white space. The character must
-be escaped somehow, or it will work differently on a future Perl that
-does treat it as white space. The easiest way is to insert a backslash
-immediately before it, or to enclose it with square brackets. This
-change is to bring Perl into conformance with Unicode recommendations.
-Here are the five characters that generate this warning:
-U+0085 NEXT LINE,
-U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK,
-U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK,
-U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR,
-and
-U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR.
-
=item Eval-group in insecure regular expression
(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
have some other C<(?...)> construct inside your character class. See
L<perlrecharclass/Extended Bracketed Character Classes>.
+=item Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
+
+(F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the feature:
+
+ no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
+ use feature "refaliasing";
+ \$x = \$y;
+
=item Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
(F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
in any future release of perl. See the explanation under
L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>.
-=item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
+=item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
+declare "my %s"?)
(F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"),
not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
+=item gmtime(%f) failed
+
+(W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that it could not handle:
+too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>.
+
=item gmtime(%f) too large
(W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was larger than
to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
-=item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
-
-(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
-spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
-
=item %s has too many errors
(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
+=item Having more than one /%c regexp modifier is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated, regexp) You used the indicated regular expression pattern
+modifier at least twice in a string of modifiers. It is deprecated to
+do this with this particular modifier, to allow future extensions to the
+Perl language.
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
+
+(W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
+than the floating point supports.
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
+
+(W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
+than the floating point supports.
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: internal error
+
+(F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
+
+(W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits in
+the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also known as
+the fraction or the significand) than the floating point supports.
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: precision loss
+
+(W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
+digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
+long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
+(needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
+
+=item Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
+
+(F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but
+the internals of the long double format are unknown;
+therefore the hexadecimal float output is impossible.
+
=item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
=item Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-(W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return a
-zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character class
-its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
-been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
+(W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a
+zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
+class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
+escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
=item Illegal binary digit %s
capturing group. See
L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>.
+=item Illegal suidscript
+
+(F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
+
=item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
(X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
function, i.e. C<\p{IsFoo}> or C<\p{InFoo}>.
See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> and L<perlsec>.
-=item In '(?...)', splitting the initial '(?' is deprecated in regex;
-marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-
-(D regexp, deprecated) The two-character sequence C<"(?"> in
-this context in a regular expression pattern should be an
-indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"(">
-and the C<"?">, but you separated them. Due to an accident of
-implementation, this prohibition was not enforced, but we do
-plan to forbid it in a future Perl version. This message
-serves as giving you fair warning of this pending change.
-
=item Integer overflow in format string for %s
(F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
+=item In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex;
+marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
+
+(F) The two-character sequence C<"(?"> in this context in a regular
+expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
+intervening between the C<"("> and the C<"?">, but you separated them
+with whitespace.
+
=item Invalid %s attribute: %s
(F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
=item Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
(W utf8) You passed a negative number to C<chr>. Negative numbers are
-not valid characters numbers, so it return the Unicode replacement
+not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode replacement
character (U+FFFD).
=item invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or
an arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
-=item In '(*VERB...)', splitting the initial '(*' is deprecated in regex;
+=item In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex;
marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-(D regexp, deprecated) The two-character sequence C<"(*"> in
+(F) The two-character sequence C<"(*"> in
this context in a regular expression pattern should be an
indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"(">
-and the C<"*">, but you separated them. Due to an accident of
-implementation, this prohibition was not enforced, but we do
-plan to forbid it in a future Perl version. This message
-serves as giving you fair warning of this pending change.
+and the C<"*">, but you separated them.
=item ioctl is not implemented
form of C<open> does not support pipes, such as C<open($pipe, '|-', @args)>.
Use the two-argument C<open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')> form instead.
+=item %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake key %p, needed %p)
+
+(P) A dynamic loading library C<.so> or C<.dll> was being loaded into the
+process that was built against a different build of perl than the
+said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module will
+likely fix this error.
+
+=item Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
+
+(W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8 one, and
+which Perl has determined is not fully compatible with Perl. The second
+C<%s> gives a reason.
+
+By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in it
+that are represented by more than one byte. The only such locales that
+Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely the specified locale
+is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language such as Chinese or
+Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII, the ASCII portion of it
+may work in Perl.
+
+Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII, mainly
+those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449, can also have
+problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII character set get
+changed by the locale and are also used by the program.
+The warning message lists the determinable conflicting characters.
+
+Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
+
+If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch to use a
+different locale or use L<Encode> to translate from the locale into
+UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned that some things
+may break.
+
+This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
+within the scope of C<S<use locale>>, or on the first possibly-affected
+operation if the C<S<use locale>> inherits a bad one. It is not raised
+for any operations from the L<POSIX> module.
+
+=item localtime(%f) failed
+
+(W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that it could not handle:
+too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is C<undef>.
+
=item localtime(%f) too large
(W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was larger
=item Missing argument in %s
-(W uninitialized) A printf-type format required more arguments than were
-supplied.
+(W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
+arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
+
+Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
+arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
+other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
+functions are missing, e.g. for the L<perlfunc/pack> function.
=item Missing argument to -%c
(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
"%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
+=item Missing or undefined argument to require
+
+(F) You tried to call require with no argument or with an undefined
+value as an argument. Require expects either a package name or a
+file-specification as an argument. See L<perlfunc/require>.
+
=item Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
(F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}>, C<\P{...}>, or C<\N{...}>.
+=item Missing right brace on \N{}
+
=item Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
(F) C<\N> has two meanings.
(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
that yet.
+=item "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
+
+(F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
+sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front.
+
=item "my %s" used in sort comparison
(W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons.
just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our>
declaration is also provided for this purpose.
-NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
-once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this warning.
-It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c, %c, as well
-as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
+NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used
+only once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
+warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
+%c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once
but also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
(F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
greater than or equal to zero.
+=item Negative repeat count does nothing
+
+(W numeric) You tried to execute the
+L<C<x>|perlop/Multiplicative Operators> repetition operator fewer than 0
+times, which doesn't make sense.
+
=item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
(F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses.
class loses its specialness: it matches almost everything, which is
probably not what you want.
-=item \N{} in character class restricted to one character in regex; marked
+=item \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted to one character in regex; marked
by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-(F) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return a
-multi-character sequence. Such an escape may not be used in
-a character class, because character classes always match one
-character of input. Check that the correct escape has been used,
-and the correct charname handler is in scope. The S<<-- HERE> shows
-whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
+(F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a
+multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
+supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
+whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted (C<[^...]>),
+or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a range. The
+mathematically logical behavior for what matches when inverting
+is very different from what people expect, so we have decided to
+forbid it. Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
+C<\N{...}> is used as one of the end points of the range, such as in
+
+ [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
+
+What is meant here is unclear, as the C<\N{...}> escape is a sequence
+of code points, so this is made an error.
=item \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by
S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
securable. See L<perlsec>.
+=item NO-BREAK SPACE in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) You defined a character name which contained a no-break
+space character. Change it to a regular space. Usually these names are
+defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they
+could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>. See
+L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
+
=item No code specified for -%c
(F) Perl's B<-e> and B<-E> command-line options require an argument. If
F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
need to be added to UTC to get local time.
-=item Null filename used
-
-(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
-machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
-
=item NULL OP IN RUN
(S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
take place when going past the end of the string when either
C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
-for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
+for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behavior
with real files).
=item %s() on unopened %s
(P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval>
failure was caught.
-=item panic: frexp
+=item panic: frexp: %f
(P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
=item panic: pad_free po
-(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
+(P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt was
+made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin with.
=item panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
=item panic: pad_sv po
-(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
+(P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
+an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
+for whatever reason.
=item panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
redirected it with select().)
-=item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
+=item Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
-(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
-"Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
-that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
+(F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different incompatible
+version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS module.
-=item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
+=item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
utility to report; in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
(S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive matching,
folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to incorrect results.
Please report this as a bug using the L<perlbug> utility.
+=item PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
+
+(S experimental::win32_perlio) The C<:win32> PerlIO layer is
+experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
+simply disable this warning:
+
+ no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
+
=item Perl_my_%s() not available
(F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the prototype
from the attribute before it's ever used.
-=item \p{} uses Unicode rules, not locale rules
-
-(W) You compiled a regular expression that contained a Unicode property
-match (C<\p> or C<\P>), but the regular expression is also being told to
-use the run-time locale, not Unicode. Instead, use a POSIX character
-class, which should know about the locale's rules.
-(See L<perlrecharclass/POSIX Character Classes>.)
-
-Even if the run-time locale is ISO 8859-1 (Latin1), which is a subset of
-Unicode, some properties will give results that are not valid for that
-subset.
-
-Here are a couple of examples to help you see what's going on. If the
-locale is ISO 8859-7, the character at code point 0xD7 is the "GREEK
-CAPITAL LETTER CHI". But in Unicode that code point means the
-"MULTIPLICATION SIGN" instead, and C<\p> always uses the Unicode
-meaning. That means that C<\p{Alpha}> won't match, but C<[[:alpha:]]>
-should. Only in the Latin1 locale are all the characters in the same
-positions as they are in Unicode. But, even here, some properties give
-incorrect results. An example is C<\p{Changes_When_Uppercased}> which
-is true for "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS", but since the upper
-case of that character is not in Latin1, in that locale it doesn't
-change when upper cased.
-
=item push on reference is experimental
(S experimental::autoderef) C<push> with a scalar argument is experimental
(W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you really
want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
-=item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex; marked by <--
-HERE in m/%s/
+=item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
"abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
-The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
-discovered.
-
=item Range iterator outside integer range
(F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
+=item Redundant argument in %s
+
+(W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
+arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
+emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than were
+supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. L<perlfunc/pack>.
+
=item refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
=item refcnt: fd %d%s
in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
-=item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
-
-(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
-construct.
-
-The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
-C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
-parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
-the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
-
=item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
(W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not
(W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
before now. Check your control flow.
+=item Sequence "\c{" invalid
+
+(F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a
+double-quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
+platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If you
+were intending to specify a control character with this sequence, you'll
+have to use a different way to specify it.
+
=item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
(F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The
forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
+=item Setting ${^ENCODING} is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) You assigned a non-C<undef> value to C<${^ENCODING}>.
+This is deprecated; see C<L<perlvar/${^ENCODING}>> for details.
+
=item Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated, treating as undef
-(W deprecated) You assigned a reference to a scalar to C<$/> where the
+(D deprecated) You assigned a reference to a scalar to C<$/> where the
referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this B<appeared>
to work the same as setting it to C<undef> but was in fact internally
different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have resulted in
interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
operators: probably not what you intended.
-=item <> should be quotes
-
-(F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
-C<require 'file'>.
-
=item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
a block by itself.
+=item "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
+
+(F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
+sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front.
+
=item "state %s" used in sort comparison
(W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons.
eval "sub name { ... }";
}
+=item Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
+
+(W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a "my"
+subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
+
+When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the outer
+subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during the *first*
+call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
+outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
+longer share a common value for the lexical subroutine. In other words,
+it will no longer be shared. This will especially make a difference
+if the lexical subroutines accesses lexical variables declared in its
+surrounding scope.
+
+This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
+anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
+reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are created, they
+are automatically rebound to the current values of such lexical subs.
+
=item Substitution loop
(P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
discovered. See L<perlre>.
+=item Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by
+S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
+
+(F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere
+in the pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate
+position. See L<perlre>.
+
=item switching effective %s is not implemented
(F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
-=item Trailing white-space in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You defined a character name which ended in a space
-character. Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are
-defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they
-could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>.
-See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
-
=item Transliteration pattern not terminated
(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
(A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
+=item Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex;
+marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
+
+(D deprecated, regexp) You used a literal C<"{"> character in a regular
+expression pattern. You should change to use C<"\{"> instead, because a
+future version of Perl (tentatively v5.26) will consider this to be a
+syntax error. If the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching
+right brace (C<"}">) should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser,
+for example,
+
+ qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
+
=item unexec of %s into %s failed!
(F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
=item Unicode non-character U+%X is illegal for open interchange
(S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
-defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
-legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so, applications
-shouldn't attempt to exchange them. If you know what you are doing
-you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>.
+defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those
+are legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
+applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
+may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
+them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can
+turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>.
+
+This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
+raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
+the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
=item Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information
about the /d modifier.
-=item Useless use of '\'; doesn't escape metacharacter '%c'
-
-(D deprecated) You wrote a regular expression pattern something like
-one of these:
-
- m{ \x\{FF\} }x
- m{foo\{1,3\}}
- qr(foo\(bar\))
- s[foo\[a-z\]bar][baz]
-
-The interior braces, square brackets, and parentheses are treated as
-metacharacters even though they are backslashed; instead write:
-
- m{ \x{FF} }x
- m{foo{1,3}}
- qr(foo(bar))
- s[foo[a-z]bar][baz]
-
-The backslashes have no effect when a regular expression pattern is
-delimited by C<{}>, C<[]>, or C<()>, which ordinarily are
-metacharacters, and the delimiters are also used, paired, within the
-interior of the pattern. It is planned that a future Perl release will
-change the meaning of constructs like these so that the backslashes
-will have an effect, so remove them from your code.
-
=item Useless use of \E
(W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a C<\U>,
String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
about.
+=item Unusual use of %s in void context
+
+(W void_unusual) Similar to the "Useless use of %s in void context"
+warning, but only turned on by the top-level "pedantic" warning
+category, used for e.g. C<grep> in void context, which may indicate a
+bug, but could also just be someone using C<grep> for its side-effects
+as a loop.
+
+Enabled as part of "extra" warnings, not in the "all" category. See
+L<warnings> for details
+
=item Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
(W regexp) The C<p> modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying to do
=item Use of literal control characters in variable names is deprecated
-(D deprecated) Using literal control characters in the source to refer
-to the ^FOO variables, like C<$^X> and C<${^GLOBAL_PHASE}> is now
-deprecated. This only affects code like C<$\cT>, where \cT is a control in
-the source code: C<${"\cT"}> and C<$^T> remain valid.
+=item Use of literal non-graphic characters in variable names is deprecated
+
+(D deprecated) Using literal non-graphic (including control)
+characters in the source to refer to the ^FOO variables, like C<$^X> and
+C<${^GLOBAL_PHASE}> is now deprecated. (We use C<^X> and C<^G> here for
+legibility. They actually represent the non-printable control
+characters, code points 0x18 and 0x07, respectively; C<^A> would mean
+the control character whose code point is 0x01.) This only affects
+code like C<$\cT>, where C<\cT> is a control in the source code; C<${"\cT"}> and
+C<$^T> remain valid. Things that are non-controls and also not graphic
+are NO-BREAK SPACE and SOFT HYPHEN, which were previously only allowed
+for historical reasons.
=item Use of -l on filehandle%s
untie a scalar that had had a typeglob assigned to it. If you see this
message, you must be using an older version.
-=item Use of ?PATTERN? without explicit operator is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You have written something like C<?\w?>, for a regular
-expression that matches only once. Starting this term directly with
-the question mark delimiter is now deprecated, so that the question mark
-will be available for use in new operators in the future. Write C<m?\w?>
-instead, explicitly using the C<m> operator: the question mark delimiter
-still invokes match-once behaviour.
-
=item Use of reference "%s" as array index
(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
-=item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
-C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
-used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now
-deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.
-
-=item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
-
-(D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
-C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
-allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated,
-and will be removed in a future version.
-
=item Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-(W regexp) A charnames handler may return a sequence of more than one
-character. Currently all but the first one are discarded when used in
-a regular expression pattern bracketed character class.
+(W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return
+a multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
+supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match
+the whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
+(C<[^...]>), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of
+a range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In
+these circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character
+of the returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
=item Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
(F) Using the C<!~> operator with C<s///r>, C<tr///r> or C<y///r> is
-currently reserved for future use, as the exact behaviour has not
+currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
=item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
-known at compile time. See L<perlre>.
+known at compile time. For positive lookbehind, you can use the C<\K>
+regex construct as a way to get the equivalent functionality. See
+L<perlre/(?<=pattern) \K>.
+
+There are non-obvious Unicode rules under C</i> that can match variably,
+but which you might not think could. For example, the substring C<"ss">
+can match the single character LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S. There are
+other sequences of ASCII characters that can match single ligature
+characters, such as LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI matching C<qr/ffi/i>.
+Starting in Perl v5.16, if you only care about ASCII matches, adding the
+C</aa> modifier to the regex will exclude all these non-obvious matches,
+thus getting rid of this message. You can also say C<S<use re qw(/aa)>>
+to apply C</aa> to all regular expressions compiled within its scope.
+See L<re>.
=item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
space.
+=item Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
+
+=item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
+
+(S io) An error occurred when Perl implicitly closed a filehandle. This
+usually indicates your file system ran out of disk space.
+
=item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
(S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
+=item Wide character (U+%X) in %s
+
+(W locale) While in a single-byte locale (I<i.e.>, a non-UTF-8
+one), a multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
+character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining non-UTF8
+locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some characters
+will have two different representations. For example, in the ISO 8859-7
+(Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a Capital Gamma. But so
+also does 0x393. This will make string comparisons unreliable.
+
+You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got mixed up
+with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you had a UTF-8
+locale, but Perl disagrees).
+
=item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]>
=item Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by S<<-- HERE> in m/%s/
-(F) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return a zero-length
+(F) Named Unicode character escapes (C<\N{...}>) may return a zero-length
sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character class, i.e.
C<(?[...])>, which is not permitted. Check that the correct escape has
been used, and the correct charnames handler is in scope. The S<<-- HERE>
=head1 SEE ALSO
-L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>, L<diagnostics>.
+L<warnings>, L<diagnostics>.
=cut
https://perl5.git.perl.org / perl5.git / blobdiff