This is a live mirror of the Perl 5 development currently hosted at https://github.com/perl/perl5
regcomp.c: Use xor to save a test
[perl5.git] / regcomp.c
index 07cd008..35fd196 100644 (file)
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -749,6 +749,17 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data, I32 *min
     DEBUG_STUDYDATA("commit: ",data,0);
 }
 
+/* These macros set, clear and test whether the synthetic start class ('ssc',
+ * given by the parameter) matches an empty string (EOS).  This uses the
+ * 'next_off' field in the node, to save a bit in the flags field.  The ssc
+ * stands alone, so there is never a next_off, so this field is otherwise
+ * unused.  The EOS information is used only for compilation, but theoretically
+ * it could be passed on to the execution code.  This could be used to store
+ * more than one bit of information, but only this one is currently used. */
+#define SET_SSC_EOS(node)   STMT_START { (node)->next_off = TRUE; } STMT_END
+#define CLEAR_SSC_EOS(node) STMT_START { (node)->next_off = FALSE; } STMT_END
+#define TEST_SSC_EOS(node)  cBOOL((node)->next_off)
+
 /* Can match anything (initialization) */
 STATIC void
 S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
@@ -756,8 +767,8 @@ S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *c
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_ANYTHING;
 
     ANYOF_BITMAP_SETALL(cl);
-    cl->flags = ANYOF_CLASS|ANYOF_EOS|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL
-               |ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+    cl->flags = ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
+    SET_SSC_EOS(cl);
 
     /* If any portion of the regex is to operate under locale rules,
      * initialization includes it.  The reason this isn't done for all regexes
@@ -768,7 +779,7 @@ S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *c
      * necessary. */
     if (RExC_contains_locale) {
        ANYOF_CLASS_SETALL(cl);     /* /l uses class */
-       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE|ANYOF_LOC_FOLD;
+       cl->flags |= ANYOF_LOCALE|ANYOF_CLASS|ANYOF_LOC_FOLD;
     }
     else {
        ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);       /* Only /l uses class now */
@@ -817,7 +828,7 @@ S_cl_and(struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
 {
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_AND;
 
-    assert(and_with->type == ANYOF);
+    assert(PL_regkind[and_with->type] == ANYOF);
 
     /* I (khw) am not sure all these restrictions are necessary XXX */
     if (!(ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(and_with))
@@ -2442,7 +2453,7 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot + TRIE_WORDS_OFFSET ] = (void*)trie_words;
     RExC_rxi->data->data[ data_slot + 3 ] = (void*)revcharmap;
 #else
-    SvREFCNT_dec(revcharmap);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(revcharmap);
 #endif
     return trie->jump 
            ? MADE_JUMP_TRIE 
@@ -2950,34 +2961,6 @@ typedef struct scan_frame {
 
 #define SCAN_COMMIT(s, data, m) scan_commit(s, data, m, is_inf)
 
-#define CASE_SYNST_FNC(nAmE)                                       \
-case nAmE:                                                         \
-    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {                              \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                  \
-               if (!is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                       \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);  \
-    }                                                              \
-    else {                                                         \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                  \
-               if (is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                        \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);    \
-    }                                                              \
-    break;                                                         \
-case N ## nAmE:                                                    \
-    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {                              \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                   \
-               if (is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                         \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);   \
-    }                                                               \
-    else {                                                          \
-           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)                   \
-               if (!is_ ## nAmE ## _cp(value))                        \
-                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);     \
-    }                                                               \
-    break
-
-
-
 STATIC I32
 S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         I32 *minlenp, I32 *deltap,
@@ -3169,7 +3152,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
                        flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                }
 
@@ -3577,7 +3560,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                 * utf8 string, so accept a possible false positive for
                 * latin1-range folds */
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                   (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                   (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
                    && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
                    && (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOC_FOLD)
                        || !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc])))
@@ -3605,7 +3588,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        }
                    }
                }
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                if (uc < 0x100)
                  data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
            }
@@ -3615,7 +3598,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
                else
                    data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
            }
            flags &= ~SCF_DO_STCLASS;
@@ -3654,7 +3637,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                /* Check whether it is compatible with what we know already! */
                int compat = 1;
                if (uc >= 0x100 ||
-                (!(data->start_class->flags & (ANYOF_CLASS | ANYOF_LOCALE))
+                (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
                  && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, uc)
                  && !ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class, PL_fold_latin1[uc])))
                {
@@ -3664,7 +3647,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                ANYOF_BITMAP_ZERO(data->start_class);
                if (compat) {
                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, uc);
-                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                    CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    if (OP(scan) == EXACTFL) {
                        /* XXX This set is probably no longer necessary, and
                         * probably wrong as LOCALE now is on in the initial
@@ -3731,7 +3714,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                            }
                         }
                    }
-                   data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS;
+                    CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                }
                cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
            }
@@ -3848,7 +3831,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        StructCopy(&this_class, data->start_class,
                                   struct regnode_charclass_class);
                        flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                       data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                } else {                /* Non-zero len */
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) {
@@ -4114,7 +4097,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
        else if (OP(scan) == LNBREAK) {
            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
                int value = 0;
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class); /* No match on empty */
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                     for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
                         if (!is_VERTWS_cp(value))
@@ -4147,11 +4130,14 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
            }
            min++;
            if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS) {
-               data->start_class->flags &= ~ANYOF_EOS; /* No match on empty */
+                int loop_max = 256;
+                CLEAR_SSC_EOS(data->start_class); /* No match on empty */
 
                /* Some of the logic below assumes that switching
                   locale on will only add false positives. */
                switch (PL_regkind[OP(scan)]) {
+                    U8 classnum;
+
                case SANY:
                default:
                  do_default:
@@ -4164,7 +4150,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        goto do_default;
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR) { /* Everything but \n */
                        value = (ANYOF_BITMAP_TEST(data->start_class,'\n')
-                                || ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(data->start_class));
+                               || ANYOF_CLASS_TEST_ANY_SET(data->start_class));
                        cl_anything(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                    }
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND || !value)
@@ -4178,200 +4164,75 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        cl_or(pRExC_state, data->start_class,
                              (struct regnode_charclass_class*)scan);
                    break;
-               case ALNUM:
+               case POSIXA:
+                    loop_max = 128;
+               case POSIXL:
+               case POSIXD:
+               case POSIXU:
+                    classnum = FLAGS(scan);
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                        if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NWORDCHAR);
-                            if (OP(scan) == ALNUMU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isALNUM(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum) + 1);
+                            for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                                if (! _generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                                 }
                             }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_WORDCHAR);
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum));
+                        }
+                        else {
 
                        /* Even if under locale, set the bits for non-locale
                         * in case it isn't a true locale-node.  This will
                         * create false positives if it truly is locale */
-                        if (OP(scan) == ALNUMU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isALNUM(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
+                        for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                            if (_generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                             }
                         }
+                        }
                    }
                    break;
-               case NALNUM:
+               case NPOSIXA:
+                    loop_max = 128;
+               case NPOSIXL:
+               case NPOSIXU:
+               case NPOSIXD:
+                    classnum = FLAGS(scan);
                    if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
                        if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_WORDCHAR);
-                            if (OP(scan) == NALNUMU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isALNUM(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum));
+                            for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                                if (_generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                                 }
-                           }
+                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NWORDCHAR);
+                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
+                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class, classnum_to_namedclass(classnum) + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
 
                        /* Even if under locale, set the bits for non-locale in
                         * case it isn't a true locale-node.  This will create
                         * false positives if it truly is locale */
-                       if (OP(scan) == NALNUMU) {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                               if (! isWORDCHAR_L1(value)) {
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       } else {
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                               if (! isALNUM(value)) {
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                               }
-                           }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case SPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                           if (OP(scan) == SPACEU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (!isSPACE(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
+                        for (value = 0; value < loop_max; value++) {
+                            if (! _generic_isCC(UNI_TO_NATIVE(value), classnum)) {
+                                ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, UNI_TO_NATIVE(value));
                             }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                        if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
                         }
-                        if (OP(scan) == SPACEU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (isSPACE(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NSPACE:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_SPACE);
-                            if (OP(scan) == NSPACEU) {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            } else {
-                                for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                    if (isSPACE(value)) {
-                                        ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NSPACE);
-                        if (OP(scan) == NSPACEU) {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (!isSPACE_L1(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
+                        if (PL_regkind[OP(scan)] == NPOSIXD) {
+                            data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
                         }
-                        else {
-                            for (value = 0; value < 256; value++) {
-                                if (!isSPACE(value)) {
-                                    ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                                }
-                            }
                         }
                    }
                    break;
-               case DIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)) {
-                            ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                           for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                               if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                                   ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                       }
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   break;
-               case NDIGIT:
-                   if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                       if (!(data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE))
-                            ANYOF_CLASS_CLEAR(data->start_class,ANYOF_DIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_CLEAR(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   else {
-                       if (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_LOCALE)
-                           ANYOF_CLASS_SET(data->start_class,ANYOF_NDIGIT);
-                       for (value = 0; value < 256; value++)
-                           if (!isDIGIT(value))
-                               ANYOF_BITMAP_SET(data->start_class, value);
-                   }
-                   break;
-               CASE_SYNST_FNC(VERTWS);
-               CASE_SYNST_FNC(HORIZWS);
-
                }
                if (flags & SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR)
                    cl_and(data->start_class, and_withp);
@@ -4474,11 +4335,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                        cl_init(pRExC_state, data->start_class);
                    }  else {
                        /* AND before and after: combine and continue */
-                       const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+                       const int was = TEST_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
 
                        cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
                        if (was)
-                           data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                            SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                    }
                 }
            }
@@ -4546,11 +4407,11 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                 *minnextp += min;
 
                 if (f & SCF_DO_STCLASS_AND) {
-                    const int was = (data->start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS);
+                    const int was = TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class);
 
                     cl_and(data->start_class, &intrnl);
                     if (was)
-                        data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                        SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                 }
                 if (data) {
                     if (data_fake.flags & (SF_HAS_PAR|SF_IN_PAR))
@@ -4562,7 +4423,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                         if (RExC_rx->minlen<*minnextp)
                             RExC_rx->minlen=*minnextp;
                         SCAN_COMMIT(pRExC_state, &data_fake, minnextp);
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(data_fake.last_found);
+                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(data_fake.last_found);
                         
                         if ( data_fake.minlen_fixed != minlenp ) 
                         {
@@ -4753,7 +4614,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                     StructCopy(&accum, data->start_class,
                                struct regnode_charclass_class);
                     flags |= SCF_DO_STCLASS_OR;
-                    data->start_class->flags |= ANYOF_EOS;
+                    SET_SSC_EOS(data->start_class);
                 }
             }
             scan= tail;
@@ -5093,7 +4954,7 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
         * handling */
        PL_reg_state.re_reparsing = TRUE;
        eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
-       SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
        SPAGAIN;
        qr_ref = POPs;
        PUTBACK;
@@ -5139,7 +5000,7 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
 
        if (!r2->num_code_blocks) /* we guessed wrong */
        {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(qr);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(qr);
            return 1;
        }
 
@@ -5188,7 +5049,7 @@ S_compile_runtime_code(pTHX_ RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state,
        r1->code_blocks = new_block;
     }
 
-    SvREFCNT_dec(qr);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(qr);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -6299,11 +6160,11 @@ reStudy:
 
        if ((!(r->anchored_substr || r->anchored_utf8) || r->anchored_offset)
            && stclass_flag
-           && !(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+           && ! TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class))
        {
            const U32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
-           data.start_class->flags |= ANYOF_IS_SYNTHETIC;
+           OP(data.start_class) = ANYOF_SYNTHETIC;
 
            Newx(RExC_rxi->data->data[n], 1,
                struct regnode_charclass_class);
@@ -6371,11 +6232,11 @@ reStudy:
        r->check_substr = r->check_utf8 = r->anchored_substr = r->anchored_utf8
                = r->float_substr = r->float_utf8 = NULL;
 
-       if (!(data.start_class->flags & ANYOF_EOS)
+       if (! TEST_SSC_EOS(data.start_class)
            && !cl_is_anything(data.start_class))
        {
            const U32 n = add_data(pRExC_state, 1, "f");
-           data.start_class->flags |= ANYOF_IS_SYNTHETIC;
+           OP(data.start_class) = ANYOF_SYNTHETIC;
 
            Newx(RExC_rxi->data->data[n], 1,
                struct regnode_charclass_class);
@@ -6440,7 +6301,7 @@ reStudy:
             r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
         else if (PL_regkind[fop] == BOL && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
-        else if (fop == PLUS && OP(NEXTOPER(first)) == SPACE
+        else if (fop == PLUS && PL_regkind[OP(NEXTOPER(first))] == POSIXD && FLAGS(NEXTOPER(first)) == _CC_SPACE
                             && OP(regnext(first)) == END)
             r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;    
     }
@@ -6584,7 +6445,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_exists(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, SV * const key,
         } else {
            SV *sv = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH(r, key, flags);
             if (sv) {
-               SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
+               SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
                 return TRUE;
             } else {
                 return FALSE;
@@ -6661,7 +6522,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_scalar(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
             ret = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_ALL(r, (flags | RXapif_REGNAMES));
             av = MUTABLE_AV(SvRV(ret));
             length = av_len(av);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(ret);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(ret);
             return newSViv(length + 1);
         } else {
             Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Unknown flags %d in named_buff_scalar", (int)flags);
@@ -7055,7 +6916,6 @@ S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags)
  * should eventually be made public */
 
 /* The header definitions are in F<inline_invlist.c> */
-
 #define TO_INTERNAL_SIZE(x) ((x + HEADER_LENGTH) * sizeof(UV))
 #define FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(x) ((x / sizeof(UV)) - HEADER_LENGTH)
 
@@ -7174,7 +7034,9 @@ S_invlist_max(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_MAX;
 
-    return FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(SvLEN(invlist));
+    return SvLEN(invlist) == 0  /* This happens under _new_invlist_C_array */
+           ? _invlist_len(invlist)
+           : FROM_INTERNAL_SIZE(SvLEN(invlist));
 }
 
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV*
@@ -7247,6 +7109,13 @@ S__new_invlist_C_array(pTHX_ UV* list)
         Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Incorrect version for previously generated inversion list");
     }
 
+    /* Initialize the iteration pointer.
+     * XXX This could be done at compile time in charclass_invlists.h, but I
+     * (khw) am not confident that the suffixes for specifying the C constant
+     * UV_MAX are portable, e.g.  'ull' on a 32 bit machine that is configured
+     * to use 64 bits; might need a Configure probe */
+    invlist_iterfinish(invlist);
+
     return invlist;
 }
 
@@ -7375,9 +7244,7 @@ Perl__invlist_search(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const UV cp)
        return -1;
     }
 
-    /* If the code point is before the first element, return failure.  (We
-     * can't combine this with the test above, because we can't get the array
-     * unless we know the list is non-empty) */
+    /* (We can't get the array unless we know the list is non-empty) */
     array = invlist_array(invlist);
 
     mid = invlist_previous_index(invlist);
@@ -7588,7 +7455,7 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
     if (a == NULL || ((len_a = _invlist_len(a)) == 0)) {
        if (*output == a) {
             if (a != NULL) {
-                SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
             }
        }
        if (*output != b) {
@@ -7601,14 +7468,14 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
     }
     else if ((len_b = _invlist_len(b)) == 0) {
        if (*output == b) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
        }
 
         /* The complement of an empty list is a list that has everything in it,
          * so the union with <a> includes everything too */
         if (complement_b) {
             if (a == *output) {
-                SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
             }
             *output = _new_invlist(1);
             _append_range_to_invlist(*output, 0, UV_MAX);
@@ -7764,7 +7631,8 @@ Perl__invlist_union_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool co
 
     /*  We may be removing a reference to one of the inputs */
     if (a == *output || b == *output) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(*output);
+        assert(! invlist_is_iterating(*output));
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(*output);
     }
 
     /* If we've changed b, restore it */
@@ -7832,7 +7700,7 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
                 *i = invlist_clone(a);
 
                 if (*i == b) {
-                    SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
                 }
             }
             /* else *i is already 'a' */
@@ -7842,10 +7710,10 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
         /* Here, 'a' or 'b' is empty and not using the complement of 'b'.  The
          * intersection must be empty */
        if (*i == a) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(a);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(a);
        }
        else if (*i == b) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(b);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(b);
        }
        *i = _new_invlist(0);
        return;
@@ -7985,7 +7853,8 @@ Perl__invlist_intersection_maybe_complement_2nd(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b,
 
     /*  We may be removing a reference to one of the inputs */
     if (a == *i || b == *i) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(*i);
+        assert(! invlist_is_iterating(*i));
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(*i);
     }
 
     /* If we've changed b, restore it */
@@ -8034,7 +7903,7 @@ Perl__add_range_to_invlist(pTHX_ SV* invlist, const UV start, const UV end)
     _invlist_union(invlist, range_invlist, &invlist);
 
     /* The temporary can be freed */
-    SvREFCNT_dec(range_invlist);
+    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(range_invlist);
 
     return invlist;
 }
@@ -8058,6 +7927,8 @@ Perl__invlist_invert(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_INVERT;
 
+    assert(! invlist_is_iterating(invlist));
+
     /* The inverse of matching nothing is matching everything */
     if (*len_pos == 0) {
        _append_range_to_invlist(invlist, 0, UV_MAX);
@@ -8163,6 +8034,22 @@ S_invlist_iterinit(pTHX_ SV* invlist)    /* Initialize iterator for invlist */
     *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = 0;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
+S_invlist_iterfinish(pTHX_ SV* invlist)
+{
+    /* Terminate iterator for invlist.  This is to catch development errors.
+     * Any iteration that is interrupted before completed should call this
+     * function.  Functions that add code points anywhere else but to the end
+     * of an inversion list assert that they are not in the middle of an
+     * iteration.  If they were, the addition would make the iteration
+     * problematical: if the iteration hadn't reached the place where things
+     * were being added, it would be ok */
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERFINISH;
+
+    *get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist) = UV_MAX;
+}
+
 STATIC bool
 S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
 {
@@ -8180,7 +8067,7 @@ S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_ITERNEXT;
 
     if (*pos >= len) {
-       *pos = UV_MAX;  /* Force iternit() to be required next time */
+       *pos = UV_MAX;  /* Force iterinit() to be required next time */
        return FALSE;
     }
 
@@ -8198,6 +8085,14 @@ S_invlist_iternext(pTHX_ SV* invlist, UV* start, UV* end)
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
+S_invlist_is_iterating(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
+{
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INVLIST_IS_ITERATING;
+
+    return *(get_invlist_iter_addr(invlist)) < UV_MAX;
+}
+
 PERL_STATIC_INLINE UV
 S_invlist_highest(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 {
@@ -8241,6 +8136,8 @@ Perl__invlist_contents(pTHX_ SV* const invlist)
 
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__INVLIST_CONTENTS;
 
+    assert(! invlist_is_iterating(invlist));
+
     invlist_iterinit(invlist);
     while (invlist_iternext(invlist, &start, &end)) {
        if (end == UV_MAX) {
@@ -8273,6 +8170,11 @@ Perl__invlist_dump(pTHX_ SV* const invlist, const char * const header)
     if (header && strlen(header)) {
        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s\n", header);
     }
+    if (invlist_is_iterating(invlist)) {
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Can't dump because is in middle of iterating\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
     invlist_iterinit(invlist);
     while (invlist_iternext(invlist, &start, &end)) {
        if (end == UV_MAX) {
@@ -8368,6 +8270,7 @@ S__invlistEQ(pTHX_ SV* const a, SV* const b, bool complement_b)
 #undef INVLIST_ZERO_OFFSET
 #undef INVLIST_ITER_OFFSET
 #undef INVLIST_VERSION_ID
+#undef INVLIST_PREVIOUS_INDEX_OFFSET
 
 /* End of inversion list object */
 
@@ -8660,7 +8563,7 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
                        /* Yes this does cause a memory leak in debugging Perls */
                         if (!av_store(RExC_paren_name_list, RExC_npar, SvREFCNT_inc(svname)))
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(svname);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(svname);
 #endif
 
                         /*sv_dump(sv_dat);*/
@@ -9553,6 +9456,16 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
                 ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, OPFAIL);
                 return ret;
             }
+            else if (max == 0) {    /* replace {0} with a nothing node */
+                if (SIZE_ONLY) {
+                    RExC_size = PREVOPER(RExC_size) - regarglen[(U8)NOTHING];
+                }
+                else {
+                    RExC_emit = orig_emit;
+                }
+                ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NOTHING);
+                return ret;
+            }
 
        do_curly:
            if ((flags&SIMPLE)) {
@@ -10120,10 +10033,14 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     I32 flags;
     char *parse_start = RExC_parse;
     U8 op;
+    int invert = 0;
+
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
-    DEBUG_PARSE("atom");
+
     *flagp = WORST;            /* Tentatively. */
 
+    DEBUG_PARSE("atom");
+
     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGATOM;
 
 tryagain:
@@ -10218,6 +10135,7 @@ tryagain:
           literal text handling code.
        */
        switch ((U8)*++RExC_parse) {
+            U8 arg;
        /* Special Escapes */
        case 'A':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -10258,22 +10176,14 @@ tryagain:
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, CLUMP);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'w':
-           op = ALNUM + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > ALNUMA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = ALNUMA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'W':
-           op = NALNUM + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > NALNUMA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = NALNUMA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'w':
+            arg = ANYOF_WORDCHAR;
+            goto join_posix;
+
        case 'b':
            RExC_seen_zerolen++;
            RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
@@ -10296,60 +10206,62 @@ tryagain:
            FLAGS(ret) = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
            *flagp |= SIMPLE;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 's':
-           op = SPACE + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > SPACEA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = SPACEA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'S':
-           op = NSPACE + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-            if (op > NSPACEA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
-                op = NSPACEA;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'D':
-            op = NDIGIT;
-            goto join_D_and_d;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 'd':
-            op = DIGIT;
-        join_D_and_d:
-            {
-                U8 offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-                if (offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
-                    offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET;
-                }
-                else if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                    offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
-                }
-                op += offset;
-            }
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            arg = ANYOF_DIGIT;
+            goto join_posix;
+
        case 'R':
            ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, LNBREAK);
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
            goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'h':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, HORIZWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+
        case 'H':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NHORIZWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
-       case 'v':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, VERTWS);
-           *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-           goto finish_meta_pat;
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'h':
+           arg = ANYOF_BLANK;
+            op = POSIXU;
+            goto join_posix_op_known;
+
        case 'V':
-           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, NVERTWS);
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'v':
+           arg = ANYOF_VERTWS;
+            op = POSIXU;
+            goto join_posix_op_known;
+
+       case 'S':
+            invert = 1;
+            /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 's':
+            arg = ANYOF_SPACE;
+
+        join_posix:
+
+           op = POSIXD + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+            if (op > POSIXA) {  /* /aa is same as /a */
+                op = POSIXA;
+            }
+
+        join_posix_op_known:
+
+            if (invert) {
+                op += NPOSIXD - POSIXD;
+            }
+
+           ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
+            if (! SIZE_ONLY) {
+                FLAGS(ret) = namedclass_to_classnum(arg);
+            }
+
            *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+            /* FALL THROUGH */
+
          finish_meta_pat:          
            nextchar(pRExC_state);
             Set_Node_Length(ret, 2); /* MJD */
@@ -10894,7 +10806,7 @@ tryagain:
                                                            &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                                         PL_utf8_foldable =
                                                     _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                                        SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                                     }
                                     if (_invlist_contains_cp(PL_utf8_foldable,
                                                              ender))
@@ -11302,60 +11214,6 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value, SV *free_me)
     return namedclass;
 }
 
-/* Generate the code to add a posix character <class> to the bracketed
- * character class given by <node>.  (<node> is needed only under locale rules)
- * destlist       is the inversion list for non-locale rules that this class is
- *                to be added to
- * sourcelist     is the ASCII-range inversion list to add under /a rules
- * Xpropertyname  is the name to add to <run_time_list> of the property to
- *                specify the code points above Latin1 that will have to be
- *                determined at run-time
- * run_time_list  is a SV* that contains text names of properties that are to
- *                be computed at run time.  This concatenates <Xpropertyname>
- *                to it, appropriately */
-#define DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(node, class, destlist, sourcelist, \
-                Xpropertyname, run_time_list)                       \
-    /* If not /a matching, there are going to be code points we will have  \
-     * to defer to runtime to look-up */                                   \
-        if (! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                        \
-            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ run_time_list, "+utf8::%s\n", Xpropertyname); \
-        }                                                                  \
-        if (LOC) {                                                         \
-            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, class);                                  \
-        }                                                                  \
-        else {                                                             \
-            _invlist_union(destlist, sourcelist, &destlist);               \
-        }                                                                  \
-
-/* Like DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN, but for the complement.  A combination of
- * this and DO_N_POSIX.  Sets <matches_above_unicode> only if it can; unchanged
- * otherwise */
-#define DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(node, class, destlist, sourcelist,    \
-       l1_sourcelist, Xpropertyname, run_time_list, matches_above_unicode) \
-    if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {                                       \
-        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(destlist, sourcelist, &destlist);    \
-    }                                                                      \
-    else {                                                                 \
-        Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ run_time_list, "!utf8::%s\n", Xpropertyname); \
-        matches_above_unicode = TRUE;                                      \
-       if (LOC) {                                                         \
-            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(node, namedclass);                            \
-       }                                                                  \
-       else {                                                             \
-            SV* scratch_list = NULL;                                       \
-           _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, l1_sourcelist, &scratch_list);    \
-           if (! destlist) {                                              \
-               destlist = scratch_list;                                   \
-           }                                                              \
-           else {                                                         \
-               _invlist_union(destlist, scratch_list, &destlist);         \
-               SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);                                \
-           }                                                              \
-           if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {                                       \
-               ANYOF_FLAGS(node) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;            \
-           }                                                              \
-       }                                                                  \
-    }
 
 /* The names of properties whose definitions are not known at compile time are
  * stored in this SV, after a constant heading.  So if the length has been
@@ -11601,7 +11459,11 @@ parseit:
                    if (UCHARAT(RExC_parse) == '^') {
                         RExC_parse++;
                         n--;
-                        value = value == 'p' ? 'P' : 'p'; /* toggle */
+                         /* toggle.  (The rhs xor gets the single bit that
+                          * differs between P and p; the other xor inverts just
+                          * that bit) */
+                         value ^= 'P' ^ 'p';
+
                         while (isSPACE(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
                              RExC_parse++;
                              n--;
@@ -11624,7 +11486,7 @@ parseit:
                     /* Look up the property name, and get its swash and
                      * inversion list, if the property is found  */
                     if (swash) {
-                        SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                     }
                     swash = _core_swash_init("utf8", name, &PL_sv_undef,
                                              1, /* binary */
@@ -11634,7 +11496,7 @@ parseit:
                                             );
                     if (! swash || ! (invlist = _get_swash_invlist(swash))) {
                         if (swash) {
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                             swash = NULL;
                         }
 
@@ -11673,7 +11535,7 @@ parseit:
                             /* The swash can't be used as-is, because we've
                             * inverted things; delay removing it to here after
                             * have copied its invlist above */
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                             swash = NULL;
                         }
                         else {
@@ -11849,6 +11711,10 @@ parseit:
 
                switch ((I32)namedclass) {
 
+               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
+                    l1_source = ascii_source;
+                    /* FALL THROUGH */
+
                case ANYOF_ALPHANUMERIC: /* C's alnum, in contrast to \w */
                case ANYOF_ALPHA:
                case ANYOF_GRAPH:
@@ -11858,12 +11724,26 @@ parseit:
                case ANYOF_UPPER:
                case ANYOF_WORDCHAR:
                     if ( !  PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]) {
-                        /* First, resolve whether to use the ASCII-only list or
-                         * the L1 list */
-                        DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                                ((AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) ? ascii_source : l1_source),
-                                Xname, listsv);
-                   break;
+
+                        /* If not /a matching, there are code points we don't
+                         * know at compile time.  Arrange for the unknown
+                         * matches to be loaded at run-time, if needed */
+                        if (! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "+utf8::%s\n", Xname);
+                        }
+                        if (LOC) {  /* Under locale, set run-time lookup */
+                            ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Add the current class's code points to the
+                             * running total */
+                            _invlist_union(posixes,
+                                           (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                                ? ascii_source
+                                                : l1_source,
+                                           &posixes);
+                        }
+                        break;
                     }
                     if (! PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]) {
                         PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]
@@ -11876,7 +11756,15 @@ parseit:
                case ANYOF_PSXSPC:
                case ANYOF_SPACE:
                case ANYOF_XDIGIT:
-                    if (LOC) {
+                    if (! LOC) {
+                        /* For non-locale, just add it to any existing list */
+                        _invlist_union(posixes,
+                                       (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                           ? ascii_source
+                                           : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+                                       &posixes);
+                    }
+                    else {  /* Locale */
                         SV* scratch_list = NULL;
 
                         /* For above Latin1 code points, we use the full
@@ -11895,7 +11783,7 @@ parseit:
                         }
                         else {
                             _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
                         }
 
 #ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
@@ -11914,14 +11802,6 @@ parseit:
                         }
 #endif
                     }
-                    else {
-                        /* For non-locale, just add it to any existing list */
-                        _invlist_union(posixes,
-                                       (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
-                                           ? ascii_source
-                                           : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
-                                       &posixes);
-                    }
                    break;
 
                case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
@@ -11937,10 +11817,46 @@ parseit:
                case ANYOF_NUPPER:
                case ANYOF_NWORDCHAR:
                     if ( !  PL_utf8_swash_ptrs[classnum]) {
-                   DO_N_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        ascii_source, l1_source, Xname, listsv,
-                        runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode);
-                   break;
+                        if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            /* Under /a should match everything above ASCII,
+                             * and the complement of the set's ASCII matches */
+                            _invlist_union_complement_2nd(posixes, ascii_source,
+                                                          &posixes);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /* Arrange for the unknown matches to be loaded at
+                             * run-time, if needed */
+                            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "!utf8::%s\n", Xname);
+                            runtime_posix_matches_above_Unicode = TRUE;
+                            if (LOC) {
+                                ANYOF_CLASS_SET(ret, namedclass);
+                            }
+                            else {
+
+                                /* We want to match everything in Latin1,
+                                 * except those things that l1_source matches
+                                 * */
+                                SV* scratch_list = NULL;
+                                _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, l1_source,
+                                                  &scratch_list);
+
+                                /* Add the list from this class to the running
+                                 * total */
+                                if (! posixes) {
+                                    posixes = scratch_list;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list,
+                                                   &posixes);
+                                    SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
+                                }
+                                if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
+                                    ANYOF_FLAGS(ret)
+                                                |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
                     }
                     if (! PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]) {
                         PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum]
@@ -11953,7 +11869,20 @@ parseit:
                case ANYOF_NPSXSPC:
                case ANYOF_NSPACE:
                case ANYOF_NXDIGIT:
-                    if (LOC) {
+                    if (! LOC) {
+                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(
+                                                posixes,
+                                                (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
+                                                    ? ascii_source
+                                                    : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
+                                                &posixes);
+                        /* Under /d, everything in the upper half of the Latin1
+                         * range matches this complement */
+                        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
+                            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {  /* Locale */
                         SV* scratch_list = NULL;
                         _invlist_subtract(PL_AboveLatin1,
                                           PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
@@ -11963,7 +11892,7 @@ parseit:
                         }
                         else {
                             _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
                         }
 #ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
                         if (namedclass != ANYOF_NBLANK) {
@@ -11978,23 +11907,10 @@ parseit:
                             _invlist_subtract(PL_Latin1, ascii_source,
                                               &scratch_list);
                             _invlist_union(posixes, scratch_list, &posixes);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(scratch_list);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(scratch_list);
                         }
 #endif
                     }
-                    else {
-                        _invlist_union_complement_2nd(
-                                                posixes,
-                                                (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED)
-                                                    ? ascii_source
-                                                    : PL_XPosix_ptrs[classnum],
-                                                &posixes);
-                        /* Under /d, everything in the upper half of the Latin1
-                         * range matches this complement */
-                        if (DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
-                            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_NON_UTF8_LATIN1_ALL;
-                        }
-                    }
                    break;
 
                case ANYOF_ASCII:
@@ -12023,14 +11939,6 @@ parseit:
 #endif
                    break;
 
-               case ANYOF_DIGIT:
-                   /* There are no digits in the Latin1 range outside of
-                    * ASCII, so call the macro that doesn't have to resolve
-                    * them */
-                   DO_POSIX_LATIN1_ONLY_KNOWN_L1_RESOLVED(ret, namedclass, posixes,
-                        ascii_source, Xname, listsv);
-                   break;
-
                case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
                     /* For these, we use the cp_list, as neither /d nor /l make
                      * a difference in what these match.  There would be
@@ -12307,8 +12215,8 @@ parseit:
        RExC_parse = save_parse;
        RExC_end = save_end;
        RExC_in_multi_char_class = 0;
-        SvREFCNT_dec(multi_char_matches);
-        SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(multi_char_matches);
+        SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -12322,110 +12230,76 @@ parseit:
         if (namedclass > OOB_NAMEDCLASS) { /* this is a named class, like \w or
                                               [:digit:] or \p{foo} */
 
-            /* Certain named classes have equivalents that can appear outside a
-             * character class, e.g. \w, \H.  We use these instead of a
-             * character class. */
+            /* All named classes are mapped into POSIXish nodes, with its FLAG
+             * argument giving which class it is */
             switch ((I32)namedclass) {
-                U8 offset;
-
-                /* The first group is for node types that depend on the charset
-                 * modifier to the regex.  We first calculate the base node
-                 * type, and if it should be inverted */
-
-                case ANYOF_NWORDCHAR:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_WORDCHAR:
-                    op = ALNUM;
-                    goto join_charset_classes;
-
-                case ANYOF_NSPACE:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_SPACE:
-                    op = SPACE;
-                    goto join_charset_classes;
-
-                case ANYOF_NDIGIT:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_DIGIT:
-                    op = DIGIT;
-
-                  join_charset_classes:
-
-                    /* Now that we have the base node type, we take advantage
-                     * of the enum ordering of the charset modifiers to get the
-                     * exact node type,  For example the base SPACE also has
-                     * SPACEL, SPACEU, and SPACEA */
-
-                    offset = get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
-
-                    /* /aa is the same as /a for these */
-                    if (offset == REGEX_ASCII_MORE_RESTRICTED_CHARSET) {
-                        offset = REGEX_ASCII_RESTRICTED_CHARSET;
-                    }
-                    else if (op == DIGIT && offset == REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET) {
-                        offset = REGEX_DEPENDS_CHARSET; /* There is no DIGITU */
-                    }
-
-                    op += offset;
-
-                    /* The number of varieties of each of these is the same,
-                     * hence, so is the delta between the normal and
-                     * complemented nodes */
-                    if (invert) {
-                        op += NALNUM - ALNUM;
-                    }
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+                case ANYOF_UNIPROP:
                     break;
 
-                /* The second group doesn't depend of the charset modifiers.
-                 * We just have normal and complemented */
+                /* These don't depend on the charset modifiers.  They always
+                 * match under /u rules */
                 case ANYOF_NHORIZWS:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_HORIZWS:
-                  is_horizws:
-                    op = (invert) ? NHORIZWS : HORIZWS;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                    break;
+                    namedclass = ANYOF_BLANK + namedclass - ANYOF_HORIZWS;
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
 
                 case ANYOF_NVERTWS:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
                 case ANYOF_VERTWS:
-                    op = (invert) ? NVERTWS : VERTWS;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
-                    break;
-
-                case ANYOF_UNIPROP:
-                    break;
-
-                case ANYOF_NBLANK:
-                    invert = ! invert;
-                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-                case ANYOF_BLANK:
-                    if (AT_LEAST_UNI_SEMANTICS && ! AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
-                        goto is_horizws;
+                    op = POSIXU;
+                    goto join_posix;
+
+                /* The actual POSIXish node for all the rest depends on the
+                 * charset modifier.  The ones in the first set depend only on
+                 * ASCII or, if available on this platform, locale */
+                case ANYOF_ASCII:
+                case ANYOF_NASCII:
+#ifdef HAS_ISASCII
+                    op = (LOC) ? POSIXL : POSIXA;
+#else
+                    op = POSIXA;
+#endif
+                    goto join_posix;
+
+                case ANYOF_LOWER:
+                case ANYOF_NLOWER:
+                case ANYOF_UPPER:
+                case ANYOF_NUPPER:
+                    /* under /a could be alpha */
+                    if (FOLD) {
+                        if (ASCII_RESTRICTED) {
+                            namedclass = ANYOF_ALPHA + (namedclass % 2);
+                        }
+                        else if (! LOC) {
+                            break;
+                        }
                     }
                     /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+                /* The rest have more possibilities depending on the charset.  We
+                 * take advantage of the enum ordering of the charset modifiers to
+                 * get the exact node type, */
                 default:
-                    /* A generic posix class.  All the /a ones can be handled
-                     * by the POSIXA opcode.  And all are closed under folding
-                     * in the ASCII range, so FOLD doesn't matter */
-                    if (AT_LEAST_ASCII_RESTRICTED
-                        || (! LOC && namedclass == ANYOF_ASCII))
+                    op = POSIXD + get_regex_charset(RExC_flags);
+                    if (op > POSIXA) { /* /aa is same as /a */
+                        op = POSIXA;
+                    }
+#ifndef HAS_ISBLANK
+                    if (op == POSIXL
+                        && (namedclass == ANYOF_BLANK
+                            || namedclass == ANYOF_NBLANK))
                     {
-                        /* The odd numbered ones are the complements of the
-                         * next-lower even number one */
-                        if (namedclass % 2 == 1) {
-                            invert = ! invert;
-                            namedclass--;
-                        }
-                        arg = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
-                        op = (invert) ? NPOSIXA : POSIXA;
+                        op = POSIXA;
                     }
+#endif
+
+                join_posix:
+                    /* The odd numbered ones are the complements of the
+                     * next-lower even number one */
+                    if (namedclass % 2 == 1) {
+                        invert = ! invert;
+                        namedclass--;
+                    }
+                    arg = namedclass_to_classnum(namedclass);
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -12450,8 +12324,8 @@ parseit:
         else if (! LOC) {   /* locale could vary these */
             if (prevvalue == '0') {
                 if (value == '9') {
-                    op = (invert) ? NDIGITA : DIGITA;
-                    *flagp |= HASWIDTH|SIMPLE;
+                    arg = _CC_DIGIT;
+                    op = POSIXA;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -12477,6 +12351,11 @@ parseit:
             }
             else {
                 RExC_emit = (regnode *)orig_emit;
+                if (PL_regkind[op] == POSIXD) {
+                    if (invert) {
+                        op += NPOSIXD - POSIXD;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, op);
@@ -12494,7 +12373,7 @@ parseit:
             RExC_parse = (char *) cur_parse;
 
             SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
-            SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
             SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
             return ret;
         }
@@ -12528,7 +12407,7 @@ parseit:
                 SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "_Perl_Any_Folds",
                                        &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                 PL_utf8_foldable = _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
             }
 
             /* This is a hash that for a particular fold gives all characters
@@ -12730,7 +12609,7 @@ parseit:
                 }
             }
        }
-       SvREFCNT_dec(fold_intersection);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(fold_intersection);
     }
 
     /* And combine the result (if any) with any inversion list from posix
@@ -12741,7 +12620,7 @@ parseit:
         if (! DEPENDS_SEMANTICS) {
             if (cp_list) {
                 _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(posixes);
             }
             else {
                 cp_list = posixes;
@@ -12759,7 +12638,7 @@ parseit:
                               &posixes);
             if (cp_list) {
                 _invlist_union(cp_list, posixes, &cp_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(posixes);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(posixes);
             }
             else {
                 cp_list = posixes;
@@ -12768,7 +12647,7 @@ parseit:
             if (depends_list) {
                 _invlist_union(depends_list, nonascii_but_latin1_properties,
                                &depends_list);
-                SvREFCNT_dec(nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
+                SvREFCNT_dec_NN(nonascii_but_latin1_properties);
             }
             else {
                 depends_list = nonascii_but_latin1_properties;
@@ -12810,14 +12689,14 @@ parseit:
             }
 
             _invlist_union(properties, cp_list, &cp_list);
-            SvREFCNT_dec(properties);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(properties);
         }
         else {
             cp_list = properties;
         }
 
         if (warn_super) {
-            ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) |= ANYOF_WARN_SUPER;
+            OP(ret) = ANYOF_WARN_SUPER;
         }
     }
 
@@ -12843,7 +12722,7 @@ parseit:
 
         /* Any swash can't be used as-is, because we've inverted things */
         if (swash) {
-            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
             swash = NULL;
         }
 
@@ -12881,12 +12760,12 @@ parseit:
         && ! (ANYOF_FLAGS(ret) & ANYOF_CLASS)
         && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
-       UV start, end;
-       U8 op = END;  /* The optimzation node-type */
+        UV start, end;
+        U8 op = END;  /* The optimzation node-type */
         const char * cur_parse= RExC_parse;
 
-       invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
-       if (! invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end)) {
+        invlist_iterinit(cp_list);
+        if (! invlist_iternext(cp_list, &start, &end)) {
 
             /* Here, the list is empty.  This happens, for example, when a
              * Unicode property is the only thing in the character class, and
@@ -12937,7 +12816,7 @@ parseit:
                             SV* swash = swash_init("utf8", "_Perl_Any_Folds",
                                                 &PL_sv_undef, 1, 0);
                             PL_utf8_foldable = _get_swash_invlist(swash);
-                            SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+                            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
                         }
                         if (_invlist_contains_cp(PL_utf8_foldable, value)) {
                             op = EXACT;
@@ -12967,6 +12846,7 @@ parseit:
                 RExC_naughty++;
             }
         }
+        invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
 
         if (op != END) {
             RExC_parse = (char *)orig_parse;
@@ -12980,8 +12860,8 @@ parseit:
                 alloc_maybe_populate_EXACT(pRExC_state, ret, flagp, 0, value);
             }
 
-            SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
-            SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
+            SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
             return ret;
         }
     }
@@ -13026,6 +12906,7 @@ parseit:
                }
            }
        }
+       invlist_iterfinish(cp_list);
 
         /* Done with loop; remove any code points that are in the bitmap from
          * <cp_list> */
@@ -13035,7 +12916,7 @@ parseit:
 
        /* If have completely emptied it, remove it completely */
        if (_invlist_len(cp_list) == 0) {
-           SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
            cp_list = NULL;
        }
     }
@@ -13050,7 +12931,7 @@ parseit:
     if (depends_list) {
        if (cp_list) {
            _invlist_union(cp_list, depends_list, &cp_list);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(depends_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(depends_list);
        }
        else {
            cp_list = depends_list;
@@ -13060,7 +12941,7 @@ parseit:
     /* If there is a swash and more than one element, we can't use the swash in
      * the optimization below. */
     if (swash && element_count > 1) {
-       SvREFCNT_dec(swash);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(swash);
        swash = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -13068,7 +12949,7 @@ parseit:
        && ! HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
     {
        ARG_SET(ret, ANYOF_NONBITMAP_EMPTY);
-       SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
+       SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv);
     }
     else {
        /* av[0] stores the character class description in its textual form:
@@ -13086,10 +12967,10 @@ parseit:
 
        av_store(av, 0, (HAS_NONLOCALE_RUNTIME_PROPERTY_DEFINITION)
                        ? listsv
-                       : (SvREFCNT_dec(listsv), &PL_sv_undef));
+                       : (SvREFCNT_dec_NN(listsv), &PL_sv_undef));
        if (swash) {
            av_store(av, 1, swash);
-           SvREFCNT_dec(cp_list);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cp_list);
        }
        else {
            av_store(av, 1, NULL);
@@ -13996,7 +13877,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 
                    Safefree(origs);
                }
-               SvREFCNT_dec(lv);
+               SvREFCNT_dec_NN(lv);
            }
        }
 
@@ -14140,7 +14021,7 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ REGEXP *ret_x, REGEXP *rx)
            ret_x->sv_u.svu_rx = temp->sv_any;
            temp->sv_any = NULL;
            SvFLAGS(temp) = (SvFLAGS(temp) & ~SVTYPEMASK) | SVt_NULL;
-           SvREFCNT_dec(temp);
+           SvREFCNT_dec_NN(temp);
            /* SvCUR still resides in the xpvlv struct, so the regexp copy-
               ing below will not set it. */
            SvCUR_set(ret_x, SvCUR(rx));