/* locale.c * * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, * 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others * * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file. * */ /* * A Elbereth Gilthoniel, * silivren penna míriel * o menel aglar elenath! * Na-chaered palan-díriel * o galadhremmin ennorath, * Fanuilos, le linnathon * nef aear, si nef aearon! * * [p.238 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"] */ /* utility functions for handling locale-specific stuff like what * character represents the decimal point. * * All C programs have an underlying locale. Perl generally doesn't pay any * attention to it except within the scope of a 'use locale'. For most * categories, it accomplishes this by just using different operations if it is * in such scope than if not. However, various libc functions called by Perl * are affected by the LC_NUMERIC category, so there are macros in perl.h that * are used to toggle between the current locale and the C locale depending on * the desired behavior of those functions at the moment. And, LC_MESSAGES is * switched to the C locale for outputting the message unless within the scope * of 'use locale'. */ #include "EXTERN.h" #define PERL_IN_LOCALE_C #include "perl.h" #ifdef I_LANGINFO # include #endif #include "reentr.h" /* If the environment says to, we can output debugging information during * initialization. This is done before option parsing, and before any thread * creation, so can be a file-level static */ #ifdef DEBUGGING # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT /* no global syms allowed */ # define debug_initialization 0 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v) # else static bool debug_initialization = FALSE; # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v) (debug_initialization = v) # endif #endif #ifdef USE_LOCALE /* * Standardize the locale name from a string returned by 'setlocale', possibly * modifying that string. * * The typical return value of setlocale() is either * (1) "xx_YY" if the first argument of setlocale() is not LC_ALL * (2) "xa_YY xb_YY ..." if the first argument of setlocale() is LC_ALL * (the space-separated values represent the various sublocales, * in some unspecified order). This is not handled by this function. * * In some platforms it has a form like "LC_SOMETHING=Lang_Country.866\n", * which is harmful for further use of the string in setlocale(). This * function removes the trailing new line and everything up through the '=' * */ STATIC char * S_stdize_locale(pTHX_ char *locs) { const char * const s = strchr(locs, '='); bool okay = TRUE; PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_STDIZE_LOCALE; if (s) { const char * const t = strchr(s, '.'); okay = FALSE; if (t) { const char * const u = strchr(t, '\n'); if (u && (u[1] == 0)) { const STRLEN len = u - s; Move(s + 1, locs, len, char); locs[len] = 0; okay = TRUE; } } } if (!okay) Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fix broken locale name \"%s\"", locs); return locs; } #endif void Perl_set_numeric_radix(pTHX) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV const struct lconv* const lc = localeconv(); if (lc && lc->decimal_point) { if (lc->decimal_point[0] == '.' && lc->decimal_point[1] == 0) { SvREFCNT_dec(PL_numeric_radix_sv); PL_numeric_radix_sv = NULL; } else { if (PL_numeric_radix_sv) sv_setpv(PL_numeric_radix_sv, lc->decimal_point); else PL_numeric_radix_sv = newSVpv(lc->decimal_point, 0); if (! is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) lc->decimal_point, 0) && is_utf8_string((U8 *) lc->decimal_point, 0) && _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_NUMERIC)) { SvUTF8_on(PL_numeric_radix_sv); } } } else PL_numeric_radix_sv = NULL; #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale radix is '%s', ?UTF-8=%d\n", (PL_numeric_radix_sv) ? SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv) : "NULL", (PL_numeric_radix_sv) ? cBOOL(SvUTF8(PL_numeric_radix_sv)) : 0); } #endif # endif /* HAS_LOCALECONV */ #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } /* Is the C string input 'name' "C" or "POSIX"? If so, and 'name' is the * return of setlocale(), then this is extremely likely to be the C or POSIX * locale. However, the output of setlocale() is documented to be opaque, but * the odds are extremely small that it would return these two strings for some * other locale. Note that VMS in these two locales includes many non-ASCII * characters as controls and punctuation (below are hex bytes): * cntrl: 00-1F 7F 84-97 9B-9F * punct: 21-2F 3A-40 5B-60 7B-7E A1-A3 A5 A7-AB B0-B3 B5-B7 B9-BD BF-CF D1-DD DF-EF F1-FD * Oddly, none there are listed as alphas, though some represent alphabetics * http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/02/msg198753.html */ #define isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(name) ((name) != NULL \ && ((*(name) == 'C' && (*(name + 1)) == '\0') \ || strEQ((name), "POSIX"))) void Perl_new_numeric(pTHX_ const char *newnum) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_NUMERIC, to tell * core Perl this and that 'newnum' is the name of the new locale. * It installs this locale as the current underlying default. * * The default locale and the C locale can be toggled between by use of the * set_numeric_local() and set_numeric_standard() functions, which should * probably not be called directly, but only via macros like * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h. * * The toggling is necessary mainly so that a non-dot radix decimal point * character can be output, while allowing internal calculations to use a * dot. * * This sets several interpreter-level variables: * PL_numeric_name The underlying locale's name: a copy of 'newnum' * PL_numeric_local A boolean indicating if the toggled state is such * that the current locale is the program's underlying * locale * PL_numeric_standard An int indicating if the toggled state is such * that the current locale is the C locale. If non-zero, * it is in C; if > 1, it means it may not be toggled away * from C. * Note that both of the last two variables can be true at the same time, * if the underlying locale is C. (Toggling is a no-op under these * circumstances.) * * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function * should be called directly only from this file and from * POSIX::setlocale() */ char *save_newnum; if (! newnum) { Safefree(PL_numeric_name); PL_numeric_name = NULL; PL_numeric_standard = TRUE; PL_numeric_local = TRUE; return; } save_newnum = stdize_locale(savepv(newnum)); PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_newnum); PL_numeric_local = TRUE; if (! PL_numeric_name || strNE(PL_numeric_name, save_newnum)) { Safefree(PL_numeric_name); PL_numeric_name = save_newnum; } else { Safefree(save_newnum); } /* Keep LC_NUMERIC in the C locale. This is for XS modules, so they don't * have to worry about the radix being a non-dot. (Core operations that * need the underlying locale change to it temporarily). */ set_numeric_standard(); set_numeric_radix(); #else PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newnum); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } void Perl_set_numeric_standard(pTHX) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to C. Most code should use the macros like * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h instead of calling this directly. The * macro avoids calling this routine if toggling isn't necessary according * to our records (which could be wrong if some XS code has changed the * locale behind our back) */ setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C"); PL_numeric_standard = TRUE; PL_numeric_local = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_numeric_name); set_numeric_radix(); #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Underlying LC_NUMERIC locale now is C\n"); } #endif #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } void Perl_set_numeric_local(pTHX) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to the current underlying default. Most * code should use the macros like SET_NUMERIC_LOCAL() in perl.h instead of * calling this directly. The macro avoids calling this routine if * toggling isn't necessary according to our records (which could be wrong * if some XS code has changed the locale behind our back) */ setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name); PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_numeric_name); PL_numeric_local = TRUE; set_numeric_radix(); #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Underlying LC_NUMERIC locale now is %s\n", PL_numeric_name); } #endif #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } /* * Set up for a new ctype locale. */ void Perl_new_ctype(pTHX_ const char *newctype) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_CTYPE, to tell * core Perl this and that 'newctype' is the name of the new locale. * * This function sets up the folding arrays for all 256 bytes, assuming * that tofold() is tolc() since fold case is not a concept in POSIX, * * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function * should be called directly only from this file and from * POSIX::setlocale() */ dVAR; UV i; PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE; /* We will replace any bad locale warning with 1) nothing if the new one is * ok; or 2) a new warning for the bad new locale */ if (PL_warn_locale) { SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale); PL_warn_locale = NULL; } PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE); /* A UTF-8 locale gets standard rules. But note that code still has to * handle this specially because of the three problematic code points */ if (PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) { Copy(PL_fold_latin1, PL_fold_locale, 256, U8); } else { /* Assume enough space for every character being bad. 4 spaces each * for the 94 printable characters that are output like "'x' "; and 5 * spaces each for "'\\' ", "'\t' ", and "'\n' "; plus a terminating * NUL */ char bad_chars_list[ (94 * 4) + (3 * 5) + 1 ]; /* Don't check for problems if we are suppressing the warnings */ bool check_for_problems = ckWARN_d(WARN_LOCALE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST); bool multi_byte_locale = FALSE; /* Assume is a single-byte locale to start */ unsigned int bad_count = 0; /* Count of bad characters */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { if (isUPPER_LC((U8) i)) PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toLOWER_LC((U8) i); else if (isLOWER_LC((U8) i)) PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toUPPER_LC((U8) i); else PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) i; /* If checking for locale problems, see if the native ASCII-range * printables plus \n and \t are in their expected categories in * the new locale. If not, this could mean big trouble, upending * Perl's and most programs' assumptions, like having a * metacharacter with special meaning become a \w. Fortunately, * it's very rare to find locales that aren't supersets of ASCII * nowadays. It isn't a problem for most controls to be changed * into something else; we check only \n and \t, though perhaps \r * could be an issue as well. */ if (check_for_problems && (isGRAPH_A(i) || isBLANK_A(i) || i == '\n')) { if ((isALPHANUMERIC_A(i) && ! isALPHANUMERIC_LC(i)) || (isPUNCT_A(i) && ! isPUNCT_LC(i)) || (isBLANK_A(i) && ! isBLANK_LC(i)) || (i == '\n' && ! isCNTRL_LC(i))) { if (bad_count) { /* Separate multiple entries with a blank */ bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = ' '; } bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\''; if (isPRINT_A(i)) { bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = (char) i; } else { bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\\'; if (i == '\n') { bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = 'n'; } else { assert(i == '\t'); bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = 't'; } } bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\''; bad_chars_list[bad_count] = '\0'; } } } #ifdef MB_CUR_MAX /* We only handle single-byte locales (outside of UTF-8 ones; so if * this locale requires more than one byte, there are going to be * problems. */ if (check_for_problems && MB_CUR_MAX > 1 /* Some platforms return MB_CUR_MAX > 1 for even the "C" * locale. Just assume that the implementation for them (plus * for POSIX) is correct and the > 1 value is spurious. (Since * these are specially handled to never be considered UTF-8 * locales, as long as this is the only problem, everything * should work fine */ && strNE(newctype, "C") && strNE(newctype, "POSIX")) { multi_byte_locale = TRUE; } #endif if (bad_count || multi_byte_locale) { PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "Locale '%s' may not work well.%s%s%s\n", newctype, (multi_byte_locale) ? " Some characters in it are not recognized by" " Perl." : "", (bad_count) ? "\nThe following characters (and maybe others)" " may not have the same meaning as the Perl" " program expects:\n" : "", (bad_count) ? bad_chars_list : "" ); /* If we are actually in the scope of the locale or are debugging, * output the message now. Otherwise we save it to be output at * the first operation using this locale, if that actually happens. * Most programs don't use locales, so they are immune to bad ones. * */ if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST)) { /* We have to save 'newctype' because the setlocale() just * below may destroy it. The next setlocale() further down * should restore it properly so that the intermediate change * here is transparent to this function's caller */ const char * const badlocale = savepv(newctype); setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C"); /* The '0' below suppresses a bogus gcc compiler warning */ Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE), SvPVX(PL_warn_locale), 0); setlocale(LC_CTYPE, badlocale); Safefree(badlocale); SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale); PL_warn_locale = NULL; } } } #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE; PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newctype); PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT; } void Perl__warn_problematic_locale() { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE dTHX; /* Internal-to-core function that outputs the message in PL_warn_locale, * and then NULLS it. Should be called only through the macro * _CHECK_AND_WARN_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE */ if (PL_warn_locale) { /*GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-security); Didn't work */ Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE), SvPVX(PL_warn_locale), 0 /* dummy to avoid compiler warning */ ); /* GCC_DIAG_RESTORE; */ SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale); PL_warn_locale = NULL; } #endif } void Perl_new_collate(pTHX_ const char *newcoll) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_COLLATE, to tell * core Perl this and that 'newcoll' is the name of the new locale. * * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function * should be called directly only from this file and from * POSIX::setlocale(). * * The design of locale collation is that every locale change is given an * index 'PL_collation_ix'. The first time a string particpates in an * operation that requires collation while locale collation is active, it * is given PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic (via sv_collxfrm_flags()). That * magic includes the collation index, and the transformation of the string * by strxfrm(), q.v. That transformation is used when doing comparisons, * instead of the string itself. If a string changes, the magic is * cleared. The next time the locale changes, the index is incremented, * and so we know during a comparison that the transformation is not * necessarily still valid, and so is recomputed. Note that if the locale * changes enough times, the index could wrap (a U32), and it is possible * that a transformation would improperly be considered valid, leading to * an unlikely bug */ if (! newcoll) { if (PL_collation_name) { ++PL_collation_ix; Safefree(PL_collation_name); PL_collation_name = NULL; } PL_collation_standard = TRUE; is_standard_collation: PL_collxfrm_base = 0; PL_collxfrm_mult = 2; PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = FALSE; PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0'; PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0; return; } /* If this is not the same locale as currently, set the new one up */ if (! PL_collation_name || strNE(PL_collation_name, newcoll)) { ++PL_collation_ix; Safefree(PL_collation_name); PL_collation_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newcoll)); PL_collation_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(newcoll); if (PL_collation_standard) { goto is_standard_collation; } PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_COLLATE); PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0'; PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0; /* A locale collation definition includes primary, secondary, tertiary, * etc. weights for each character. To sort, the primary weights are * used, and only if they compare equal, then the secondary weights are * used, and only if they compare equal, then the tertiary, etc. * * strxfrm() works by taking the input string, say ABC, and creating an * output transformed string consisting of first the primary weights, * A¹B¹C¹ followed by the secondary ones, A²B²C²; and then the * tertiary, etc, yielding A¹B¹C¹ A²B²C² A³B³C³ .... Some characters * may not have weights at every level. In our example, let's say B * doesn't have a tertiary weight, and A doesn't have a secondary * weight. The constructed string is then going to be * A¹B¹C¹ B²C² A³C³ .... * This has the desired effect that strcmp() will look at the secondary * or tertiary weights only if the strings compare equal at all higher * priority weights. The spaces shown here, like in * "A¹B¹C¹ * A²B²C² " * are not just for readability. In the general case, these must * actually be bytes, which we will call here 'separator weights'; and * they must be smaller than any other weight value, but since these * are C strings, only the terminating one can be a NUL (some * implementations may include a non-NUL separator weight just before * the NUL). Implementations tend to reserve 01 for the separator * weights. They are needed so that a shorter string's secondary * weights won't be misconstrued as primary weights of a longer string, * etc. By making them smaller than any other weight, the shorter * string will sort first. (Actually, if all secondary weights are * smaller than all primary ones, there is no need for a separator * weight between those two levels, etc.) * * The length of the transformed string is roughly a linear function of * the input string. It's not exactly linear because some characters * don't have weights at all levels. When we call strxfrm() we have to * allocate some memory to hold the transformed string. The * calculations below try to find coefficients 'm' and 'b' for this * locale so that m*x + b equals how much space we need, given the size * of the input string in 'x'. If we calculate too small, we increase * the size as needed, and call strxfrm() again, but it is better to * get it right the first time to avoid wasted expensive string * transformations. */ { /* We use the string below to find how long the tranformation of it * is. Almost all locales are supersets of ASCII, or at least the * ASCII letters. We use all of them, half upper half lower, * because if we used fewer, we might hit just the ones that are * outliers in a particular locale. Most of the strings being * collated will contain a preponderance of letters, and even if * they are above-ASCII, they are likely to have the same number of * weight levels as the ASCII ones. It turns out that digits tend * to have fewer levels, and some punctuation has more, but those * are relatively sparse in text, and khw believes this gives a * reasonable result, but it could be changed if experience so * dictates. */ const char longer[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz"; char * x_longer; /* Transformed 'longer' */ Size_t x_len_longer; /* Length of 'x_longer' */ char * x_shorter; /* We also transform a substring of 'longer' */ Size_t x_len_shorter; /* _mem_collxfrm() is used get the transformation (though here we * are interested only in its length). It is used because it has * the intelligence to handle all cases, but to work, it needs some * values of 'm' and 'b' to get it started. For the purposes of * this calculation we use a very conservative estimate of 'm' and * 'b'. This assumes a weight can be multiple bytes, enough to * hold any UV on the platform, and there are 5 levels, 4 weight * bytes, and a trailing NUL. */ PL_collxfrm_base = 5; PL_collxfrm_mult = 5 * sizeof(UV); /* Find out how long the transformation really is */ x_longer = _mem_collxfrm(longer, sizeof(longer) - 1, &x_len_longer, /* We avoid converting to UTF-8 in the * called function by telling it the * string is in UTF-8 if the locale is a * UTF-8 one. Since the string passed * here is invariant under UTF-8, we can * claim it's UTF-8 even though it isn't. * */ PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale); Safefree(x_longer); /* Find out how long the transformation of a substring of 'longer' * is. Together the lengths of these transformations are * sufficient to calculate 'm' and 'b'. The substring is all of * 'longer' except the first character. This minimizes the chances * of being swayed by outliers */ x_shorter = _mem_collxfrm(longer + 1, sizeof(longer) - 2, &x_len_shorter, PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale); Safefree(x_shorter); /* If the results are nonsensical for this simple test, the whole * locale definition is suspect. Mark it so that locale collation * is not active at all for it. XXX Should we warn? */ if ( x_len_shorter == 0 || x_len_longer == 0 || x_len_shorter >= x_len_longer) { PL_collxfrm_mult = 0; PL_collxfrm_base = 0; } else { SSize_t base; /* Temporary */ /* We have both: m * strlen(longer) + b = x_len_longer * m * strlen(shorter) + b = x_len_shorter; * subtracting yields: * m * (strlen(longer) - strlen(shorter)) * = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter * But we have set things up so that 'shorter' is 1 byte smaller * than 'longer'. Hence: * m = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter * * But if something went wrong, make sure the multiplier is at * least 1. */ if (x_len_longer > x_len_shorter) { PL_collxfrm_mult = (STRLEN) x_len_longer - x_len_shorter; } else { PL_collxfrm_mult = 1; } /* mx + b = len * so: b = len - mx * but in case something has gone wrong, make sure it is * non-negative */ base = x_len_longer - PL_collxfrm_mult * (sizeof(longer) - 1); if (base < 0) { base = 0; } /* Add 1 for the trailing NUL */ PL_collxfrm_base = base + 1; } #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: ?UTF-8 locale=%d; x_len_shorter=%zu, " "x_len_longer=%zu," " collate multipler=%zu, collate base=%zu\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale, x_len_shorter, x_len_longer, PL_collxfrm_mult, PL_collxfrm_base); } #endif } } #else PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newcoll); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ } #ifdef WIN32 char * Perl_my_setlocale(pTHX_ int category, const char* locale) { /* This, for Windows, emulates POSIX setlocale() behavior. There is no * difference unless the input locale is "", which means on Windows to get * the machine default, which is set via the computer's "Regional and * Language Options" (or its current equivalent). In POSIX, it instead * means to find the locale from the user's environment. This routine * looks in the environment, and, if anything is found, uses that instead * of going to the machine default. If there is no environment override, * the machine default is used, as normal, by calling the real setlocale() * with "". The POSIX behavior is to use the LC_ALL variable if set; * otherwise to use the particular category's variable if set; otherwise to * use the LANG variable. */ bool override_LC_ALL = FALSE; char * result; if (locale && strEQ(locale, "")) { # ifdef LC_ALL locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL"); if (! locale) { #endif switch (category) { # ifdef LC_ALL case LC_ALL: override_LC_ALL = TRUE; break; /* We already know its variable isn't set */ # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME case LC_TIME: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_TIME"); break; # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE case LC_CTYPE: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE"); break; # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE case LC_COLLATE: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE"); break; # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY case LC_MONETARY: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY"); break; # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC case LC_NUMERIC: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC"); break; # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES case LC_MESSAGES: locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES"); break; # endif default: /* This is a category, like PAPER_SIZE that we don't * know about; and so can't provide a wrapper. */ break; } if (! locale) { locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG"); if (! locale) { locale = ""; } } # ifdef LC_ALL } # endif } result = setlocale(category, locale); DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, result))); if (! override_LC_ALL) { return result; } /* Here the input category was LC_ALL, and we have set it to what is in the * LANG variable or the system default if there is no LANG. But these have * lower priority than the other LC_foo variables, so override it for each * one that is set. (If they are set to "", it means to use the same thing * we just set LC_ALL to, so can skip) */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_TIME"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_TIME, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_TIME, result, "not captured"))); } # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_CTYPE, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_CTYPE, result, "not captured"))); } # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_COLLATE, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_COLLATE, result, "not captured"))); } # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_MONETARY, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_MONETARY, result, "not captured"))); } # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_NUMERIC, result, "not captured"))); } # endif # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES"); if (result && strNE(result, "")) { setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, result); DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_MESSAGES, result, "not captured"))); } # endif result = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL); DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, _setlocale_debug_string(LC_ALL, NULL, result))); return result; } #endif /* * Initialize locale awareness. */ int Perl_init_i18nl10n(pTHX_ int printwarn) { /* printwarn is * * 0 if not to output warning when setup locale is bad * 1 if to output warning based on value of PERL_BADLANG * >1 if to output regardless of PERL_BADLANG * * returns * 1 = set ok or not applicable, * 0 = fallback to a locale of lower priority * -1 = fallback to all locales failed, not even to the C locale * * Under -DDEBUGGING, if the environment variable PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT is * set, debugging information is output. * * This looks more complicated than it is, mainly due to the #ifdefs. * * We try to set LC_ALL to the value determined by the environment. If * there is no LC_ALL on this platform, we try the individual categories we * know about. If this works, we are done. * * But if it doesn't work, we have to do something else. We search the * environment variables ourselves instead of relying on the system to do * it. We look at, in order, LC_ALL, LANG, a system default locale (if we * think there is one), and the ultimate fallback "C". This is all done in * the same loop as above to avoid duplicating code, but it makes things * more complex. After the original failure, we add the fallback * possibilities to the list of locales to try, and iterate the loop * through them all until one succeeds. * * On Ultrix, the locale MUST come from the environment, so there is * preliminary code to set it. I (khw) am not sure that it is necessary, * and that this couldn't be folded into the loop, but barring any real * platforms to test on, it's staying as-is * * A slight complication is that in embedded Perls, the locale may already * be set-up, and we don't want to get it from the normal environment * variables. This is handled by having a special environment variable * indicate we're in this situation. We simply set setlocale's 2nd * parameter to be a NULL instead of "". That indicates to setlocale that * it is not to change anything, but to return the current value, * effectively initializing perl's db to what the locale already is. * * We play the same trick with NULL if a LC_ALL succeeds. We call * setlocale() on the individual categores with NULL to get their existing * values for our db, instead of trying to change them. * */ int ok = 1; #if defined(USE_LOCALE) #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE char *curctype = NULL; #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE char *curcoll = NULL; #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC char *curnum = NULL; #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ #ifdef __GLIBC__ const char * const language = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANGUAGE")); #endif /* NULL uses the existing already set up locale */ const char * const setlocale_init = (PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT")) ? NULL : ""; const char* trial_locales[5]; /* 5 = 1 each for "", LC_ALL, LANG, "", C */ unsigned int trial_locales_count; const char * const lc_all = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL")); const char * const lang = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANG")); bool setlocale_failure = FALSE; unsigned int i; char *p; /* A later getenv() could zap this, so only use here */ const char * const bad_lang_use_once = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADLANG"); const bool locwarn = (printwarn > 1 || (printwarn && (! bad_lang_use_once || ( /* disallow with "" or "0" */ *bad_lang_use_once && strNE("0", bad_lang_use_once))))); bool done = FALSE; char * sl_result; /* return from setlocale() */ char * locale_param; #ifdef WIN32 /* In some systems you can find out the system default locale * and use that as the fallback locale. */ # define SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE #endif #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE const char *system_default_locale = NULL; #endif #ifdef DEBUGGING DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set((PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT")) ? TRUE : FALSE); # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(category, locale, result) \ STMT_START { \ if (debug_initialization) { \ PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, \ "%s:%d: %s\n", \ __FILE__, __LINE__, \ _setlocale_debug_string(category, \ locale, \ result)); \ } \ } STMT_END #else # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(a,b,c) #endif #ifndef LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED PERL_UNUSED_VAR(done); PERL_UNUSED_VAR(locale_param); #else /* * Ultrix setlocale(..., "") fails if there are no environment * variables from which to get a locale name. */ # ifdef LC_ALL if (lang) { sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_ALL, setlocale_init); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, setlocale_init, sl_result); if (sl_result) done = TRUE; else setlocale_failure = TRUE; } if (! setlocale_failure) { # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE"))) ? setlocale_init : NULL; curctype = my_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, locale_param); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, locale_param, sl_result); if (! curctype) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curctype = savepv(curctype); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE"))) ? setlocale_init : NULL; curcoll = my_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, locale_param); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, locale_param, sl_result); if (! curcoll) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curcoll = savepv(curcoll); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC"))) ? setlocale_init : NULL; curnum = my_setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, locale_param); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, locale_param, sl_result); if (! curnum) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curnum = savepv(curnum); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES"))) ? setlocale_init : NULL; sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, locale_param); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MESSAGES, locale_param, sl_result); if (! sl_result) { setlocale_failure = TRUE; } # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY"))) ? setlocale_init : NULL; sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MONETARY, locale_param); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MONETARY, locale_param, sl_result); if (! sl_result) { setlocale_failure = TRUE; } # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */ } # endif /* LC_ALL */ #endif /* !LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED */ /* We try each locale in the list until we get one that works, or exhaust * the list. Normally the loop is executed just once. But if setting the * locale fails, inside the loop we add fallback trials to the array and so * will execute the loop multiple times */ trial_locales[0] = setlocale_init; trial_locales_count = 1; for (i= 0; i < trial_locales_count; i++) { const char * trial_locale = trial_locales[i]; if (i > 0) { /* XXX This is to preserve old behavior for LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED * when i==0, but I (khw) don't think that behavior makes much * sense */ setlocale_failure = FALSE; #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE # ifdef WIN32 /* On Windows machines, an entry of "" after the 0th means to use * the system default locale, which we now proceed to get. */ if (strEQ(trial_locale, "")) { unsigned int j; /* Note that this may change the locale, but we are going to do * that anyway just below */ system_default_locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, "", system_default_locale); /* Skip if invalid or it's already on the list of locales to * try */ if (! system_default_locale) { goto next_iteration; } for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) { if (strEQ(system_default_locale, trial_locales[j])) { goto next_iteration; } } trial_locale = system_default_locale; } # endif /* WIN32 */ #endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */ } #ifdef LC_ALL sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_ALL, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, trial_locale, sl_result); if (! sl_result) { setlocale_failure = TRUE; } else { /* Since LC_ALL succeeded, it should have changed all the other * categories it can to its value; so we massage things so that the * setlocales below just return their category's current values. * This adequately handles the case in NetBSD where LC_COLLATE may * not be defined for a locale, and setting it individually will * fail, whereas setting LC_ALL suceeds, leaving LC_COLLATE set to * the POSIX locale. */ trial_locale = NULL; } #endif /* LC_ALL */ if (!setlocale_failure) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE Safefree(curctype); curctype = my_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, trial_locale, curctype); if (! curctype) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curctype = savepv(curctype); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE Safefree(curcoll); curcoll = my_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, trial_locale, curcoll); if (! curcoll) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curcoll = savepv(curcoll); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC Safefree(curnum); curnum = my_setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, trial_locale, curnum); if (! curnum) setlocale_failure = TRUE; else curnum = savepv(curnum); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MESSAGES, trial_locale, sl_result); if (! (sl_result)) setlocale_failure = TRUE; #endif /* USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MONETARY, trial_locale); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MONETARY, trial_locale, sl_result); if (! (sl_result)) setlocale_failure = TRUE; #endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */ if (! setlocale_failure) { /* Success */ break; } } /* Here, something failed; will need to try a fallback. */ ok = 0; if (i == 0) { unsigned int j; if (locwarn) { /* Output failure info only on the first one */ #ifdef LC_ALL PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl: warning: Setting locale failed.\n"); #else /* !LC_ALL */ PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl: warning: Setting locale failed for the categories:\n\t"); # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE if (! curctype) PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_CTYPE "); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE if (! curcoll) PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_COLLATE "); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC if (! curnum) PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_NUMERIC "); # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "and possibly others\n"); #endif /* LC_ALL */ PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:\n"); #ifdef __GLIBC__ PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\tLANGUAGE = %c%s%c,\n", language ? '"' : '(', language ? language : "unset", language ? '"' : ')'); #endif PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\tLC_ALL = %c%s%c,\n", lc_all ? '"' : '(', lc_all ? lc_all : "unset", lc_all ? '"' : ')'); #if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY) { char **e; for (e = environ; *e; e++) { if (strEQs(*e, "LC_") && strNEs(*e, "LC_ALL=") && (p = strchr(*e, '='))) PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t%.*s = \"%s\",\n", (int)(p - *e), *e, p + 1); } } #else PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t(possibly more locale environment variables)\n"); #endif PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\tLANG = %c%s%c\n", lang ? '"' : '(', lang ? lang : "unset", lang ? '"' : ')'); PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, " are supported and installed on your system.\n"); } /* Calculate what fallback locales to try. We have avoided this * until we have to, because failure is quite unlikely. This will * usually change the upper bound of the loop we are in. * * Since the system's default way of setting the locale has not * found one that works, We use Perl's defined ordering: LC_ALL, * LANG, and the C locale. We don't try the same locale twice, so * don't add to the list if already there. (On POSIX systems, the * LC_ALL element will likely be a repeat of the 0th element "", * but there's no harm done by doing it explicitly. * * Note that this tries the LC_ALL environment variable even on * systems which have no LC_ALL locale setting. This may or may * not have been originally intentional, but there's no real need * to change the behavior. */ if (lc_all) { for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) { if (strEQ(lc_all, trial_locales[j])) { goto done_lc_all; } } trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lc_all; } done_lc_all: if (lang) { for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) { if (strEQ(lang, trial_locales[j])) { goto done_lang; } } trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lang; } done_lang: #if defined(WIN32) && defined(LC_ALL) /* For Windows, we also try the system default locale before "C". * (If there exists a Windows without LC_ALL we skip this because * it gets too complicated. For those, the "C" is the next * fallback possibility). The "" is the same as the 0th element of * the array, but the code at the loop above knows to treat it * differently when not the 0th */ trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = ""; #endif for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) { if (strEQ("C", trial_locales[j])) { goto done_C; } } trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "C"; done_C: ; } /* end of first time through the loop */ #ifdef WIN32 next_iteration: ; #endif } /* end of looping through the trial locales */ if (ok < 1) { /* If we tried to fallback */ const char* msg; if (! setlocale_failure) { /* fallback succeeded */ msg = "Falling back to"; } else { /* fallback failed */ /* We dropped off the end of the loop, so have to decrement i to * get back to the value the last time through */ i--; ok = -1; msg = "Failed to fall back to"; /* To continue, we should use whatever values we've got */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE Safefree(curctype); curctype = savepv(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL)); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, NULL, curctype); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE Safefree(curcoll); curcoll = savepv(setlocale(LC_COLLATE, NULL)); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, NULL, curcoll); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC Safefree(curnum); curnum = savepv(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL)); DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, NULL, curnum); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } if (locwarn) { const char * description; const char * name = ""; if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "C")) { description = "the standard locale"; name = "C"; } #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE else if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "")) { description = "the system default locale"; if (system_default_locale) { name = system_default_locale; } } #endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */ else { description = "a fallback locale"; name = trial_locales[i]; } if (name && strNE(name, "")) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl: warning: %s %s (\"%s\").\n", msg, description, name); } else { PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl: warning: %s %s.\n", msg, description); } } } /* End of tried to fallback */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE new_ctype(curctype); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE new_collate(curcoll); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC new_numeric(curnum); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ #if defined(USE_PERLIO) && defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE) /* Set PL_utf8locale to TRUE if using PerlIO _and_ the current LC_CTYPE * locale is UTF-8. If PL_utf8locale and PL_unicode (set by -C or by * $ENV{PERL_UNICODE}) are true, perl.c:S_parse_body() will turn on the * PerlIO :utf8 layer on STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, _and_ the default open * discipline. */ PL_utf8locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE); /* Set PL_unicode to $ENV{PERL_UNICODE} if using PerlIO. This is an alternative to using the -C command line switch (the -C if present will override this). */ { const char *p = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_UNICODE"); PL_unicode = p ? parse_unicode_opts(&p) : 0; if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG) PL_utf8cache = -1; } #endif #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE Safefree(curctype); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE Safefree(curcoll); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC Safefree(curnum); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ #ifdef __GLIBC__ Safefree(language); #endif Safefree(lc_all); Safefree(lang); #else /* !USE_LOCALE */ PERL_UNUSED_ARG(printwarn); #endif /* USE_LOCALE */ #ifdef DEBUGGING /* So won't continue to output stuff */ DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(FALSE); #endif return ok; } #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE char * Perl__mem_collxfrm(pTHX_ const char *input_string, STRLEN len, /* Length of 'input_string' */ STRLEN *xlen, /* Set to length of returned string (not including the collation index prefix) */ bool utf8 /* Is the input in UTF-8? */ ) { /* _mem_collxfrm() is a bit like strxfrm() but with two important * differences. First, it handles embedded NULs. Second, it allocates a bit * more memory than needed for the transformed data itself. The real * transformed data begins at offset COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN. *xlen is set to * the length of that, and doesn't include the collation index size. * Please see sv_collxfrm() to see how this is used. */ #define COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN sizeof(PL_collation_ix) char * s = (char *) input_string; STRLEN s_strlen = strlen(input_string); char *xbuf = NULL; STRLEN xAlloc; /* xalloc is a reserved word in VC */ STRLEN length_in_chars; bool first_time = TRUE; /* Cleared after first loop iteration */ PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MEM_COLLXFRM; /* Must be NUL-terminated */ assert(*(input_string + len) == '\0'); /* If this locale has defective collation, skip */ if (PL_collxfrm_base == 0 && PL_collxfrm_mult == 0) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: locale's collation is defective\n")); goto bad; } /* Replace any embedded NULs with the control that sorts before any others. * This will give as good as possible results on strings that don't * otherwise contain that character, but otherwise there may be * less-than-perfect results with that character and NUL. This is * unavoidable unless we replace strxfrm with our own implementation. */ if (s_strlen < len) { /* Only execute if there is an embedded NUL */ char * e = s + len; char * sans_nuls; STRLEN sans_nuls_len; STRLEN sans_nuls_pos; int try_non_controls; char this_replacement_char[] = "?\0"; /* Room for a two-byte string, making sure 2nd byte is NUL. */ STRLEN this_replacement_len; /* If we don't know what non-NUL control character sorts lowest for * this locale, find it */ if (PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement == '\0') { int j; char * cur_min_x = NULL; /* The min_char's xfrm, (except it also includes the collation index prefixed. */ DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking to replace NUL\n")); /* Unlikely, but it may be that no control will work to replace * NUL, in which case we instead look for any character. Controls * are preferred because collation order is, in general, context * sensitive, with adjoining characters affecting the order, and * controls are less likely to have such interactions, allowing the * NUL-replacement to stand on its own. (Another way to look at it * is to imagine what would happen if the NUL were replaced by a * combining character; it wouldn't work out all that well.) */ for (try_non_controls = 0; try_non_controls < 2; try_non_controls++) { /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */ for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) { char * x; /* j's xfrm plus collation index */ STRLEN x_len; /* length of 'x' */ STRLEN trial_len = 1; /* Create a 1 byte string of the current code point */ char cur_source[] = { (char) j, '\0' }; if (! try_non_controls && (PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale) ? ! isCNTRL_L1(j) : ! isCNTRL_LC(j)) { continue; } /* Then transform it */ x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, trial_len, &x_len, 0 /* The string is not in UTF-8 */); /* Ignore any character that didn't successfully transform. * */ if (! x) { continue; } /* If this character's transformation is lower than * the current lowest, this one becomes the lowest */ if ( cur_min_x == NULL || strLT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, cur_min_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN)) { PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = j; cur_min_x = x; } else { Safefree(x); } } /* end of loop through all 255 characters */ /* Stop looking if found */ if (cur_min_x) { break; } /* Unlikely, but possible, if there aren't any controls that * work in the locale, repeat the loop, looking for any * character that works */ DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: No control worked. Trying non-controls\n")); } /* End of loop to try first the controls, then any char */ if (! cur_min_x) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to replace" " embedded NULs in locale %s with", PL_collation_name)); goto bad; } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Replacing embedded NULs in locale %s with " "0x%02X\n", PL_collation_name, PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement)); Safefree(cur_min_x); } /* End of determining the character that is to replace NULs */ /* If the replacement is variant under UTF-8, it must match the * UTF8-ness as the original */ if ( ! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement) && utf8) { this_replacement_char[0] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement); this_replacement_char[1] = UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement); this_replacement_len = 2; } else { this_replacement_char[0] = PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement; /* this_replacement_char[1] = '\0' was done at initialization */ this_replacement_len = 1; } /* The worst case length for the replaced string would be if every * character in it is NUL. Multiply that by the length of each * replacement, and allow for a trailing NUL */ sans_nuls_len = (len * this_replacement_len) + 1; Newx(sans_nuls, sans_nuls_len, char); *sans_nuls = '\0'; sans_nuls_pos = 0; /* Replace each NUL with the lowest collating control. Loop until have * exhausted all the NULs */ while (s + s_strlen < e) { sans_nuls_pos = my_strlcat(sans_nuls + sans_nuls_pos, s, sans_nuls_len); /* Do the actual replacement */ sans_nuls_pos = my_strlcat(sans_nuls + sans_nuls_pos, this_replacement_char, sans_nuls_len); /* Move past the input NUL */ s += s_strlen + 1; s_strlen = strlen(s); } /* And add anything that trails the final NUL */ my_strlcat(sans_nuls + sans_nuls_pos, s, sans_nuls_len); /* Switch so below we transform this modified string */ s = sans_nuls; len = strlen(s); } /* End of replacing NULs */ /* Make sure the UTF8ness of the string and locale match */ if (utf8 != PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale) { const char * const t = s; /* Temporary so we can later find where the input was */ /* Here they don't match. Change the string's to be what the locale is * expecting */ if (! utf8) { /* locale is UTF-8, but input isn't; upgrade the input */ s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len); utf8 = TRUE; } else { /* locale is not UTF-8; but input is; downgrade the input */ s = (char *) bytes_from_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len, &utf8); /* If the downgrade was successful we are done, but if the input * contains things that require UTF-8 to represent, have to do * damage control ... */ if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) { /* What we do is construct a non-UTF-8 string with * 1) the characters representable by a single byte converted * to be so (if necessary); * 2) and the rest converted to collate the same as the * highest collating representable character. That makes * them collate at the end. This is similar to how we * handle embedded NULs, but we use the highest collating * code point instead of the smallest. Like the NUL case, * this isn't perfect, but is the best we can reasonably * do. Every above-255 code point will sort the same as * the highest-sorting 0-255 code point. If that code * point can combine in a sequence with some other code * points for weight calculations, us changing something to * be it can adversely affect the results. But in most * cases, it should work reasonably. And note that this is * really an illegal situation: using code points above 255 * on a locale where only 0-255 are valid. If two strings * sort entirely equal, then the sort order for the * above-255 code points will be in code point order. */ utf8 = FALSE; /* If we haven't calculated the code point with the maximum * collating order for this locale, do so now */ if (! PL_strxfrm_max_cp) { int j; /* The current transformed string that collates the * highest (except it also includes the prefixed collation * index. */ char * cur_max_x = NULL; /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */ for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) { char * x; STRLEN x_len; /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point. */ char cur_source[] = { (char) j, '\0' }; /* Then transform it */ x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, 1, &x_len, FALSE); /* If something went wrong (which it shouldn't), just * ignore this code point */ if (! x) { continue; } /* If this character's transformation is higher than * the current highest, this one becomes the highest */ if ( cur_max_x == NULL || strGT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, cur_max_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN)) { PL_strxfrm_max_cp = j; cur_max_x = x; } else { Safefree(x); } } if (! cur_max_x) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to" " replace above-Latin1 chars in locale %s with", PL_collation_name)); goto bad; } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: highest 1-byte collating character" " in locale %s is 0x%02X\n", PL_collation_name, PL_strxfrm_max_cp)); Safefree(cur_max_x); } /* Here we know which legal code point collates the highest. * We are ready to construct the non-UTF-8 string. The length * will be at least 1 byte smaller than the input string * (because we changed at least one 2-byte character into a * single byte), but that is eaten up by the trailing NUL */ Newx(s, len, char); { STRLEN i; STRLEN d= 0; char * e = (char *) t + len; for (i = 0; i < len; i+= UTF8SKIP(t + i)) { U8 cur_char = t[i]; if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(cur_char)) { s[d++] = cur_char; } else if (UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(t + i, e)) { s[d++] = EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(cur_char, t[i+1]); } else { /* Replace illegal cp with highest collating one */ s[d++] = PL_strxfrm_max_cp; } } s[d++] = '\0'; Renew(s, d, char); /* Free up unused space */ } } } /* Here, we have constructed a modified version of the input. It could * be that we already had a modified copy before we did this version. * If so, that copy is no longer needed */ if (t != input_string) { Safefree(t); } } length_in_chars = (utf8) ? utf8_length((U8 *) s, (U8 *) s + len) : len; /* The first element in the output is the collation id, used by * sv_collxfrm(); then comes the space for the transformed string. The * equation should give us a good estimate as to how much is needed */ xAlloc = COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + PL_collxfrm_base + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars); Newx(xbuf, xAlloc, char); if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't malloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc)); goto bad; } /* Store the collation id */ *(U32*)xbuf = PL_collation_ix; /* Then the transformation of the input. We loop until successful, or we * give up */ for (;;) { *xlen = strxfrm(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, s, xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN); /* If the transformed string occupies less space than we told strxfrm() * was available, it means it successfully transformed the whole * string. */ if (*xlen < xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN) { /* Some systems include a trailing NUL in the returned length. * Ignore it, using a loop in case multiple trailing NULs are * returned. */ while ( (*xlen) > 0 && *(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + (*xlen) - 1) == '\0') { (*xlen)--; } /* If the first try didn't get it, it means our prediction was low. * Modify the coefficients so that we predict a larger value in any * future transformations */ if (! first_time) { STRLEN needed = *xlen + 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */ STRLEN computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars); /* On zero-length input, just keep current slope instead of * dividing by 0 */ const STRLEN new_m = (length_in_chars != 0) ? needed / length_in_chars : PL_collxfrm_mult; DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: initial size of %zu bytes for a length " "%zu string was insufficient, %zu needed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, computed_guess, length_in_chars, needed)); /* If slope increased, use it, but discard this result for * length 1 strings, as we can't be sure that it's a real slope * change */ if (length_in_chars > 1 && new_m > PL_collxfrm_mult) { #ifdef DEBUGGING STRLEN old_m = PL_collxfrm_mult; STRLEN old_b = PL_collxfrm_base; #endif PL_collxfrm_mult = new_m; PL_collxfrm_base = 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */ computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars); if (computed_guess < needed) { PL_collxfrm_base += needed - computed_guess; } DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: slope is now %zu; was %zu, base " "is now %zu; was %zu\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, PL_collxfrm_mult, old_m, PL_collxfrm_base, old_b)); } else { /* Slope didn't change, but 'b' did */ const STRLEN new_b = needed - computed_guess + PL_collxfrm_base; DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: base is now %zu; was %zu\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, new_b, PL_collxfrm_base)); PL_collxfrm_base = new_b; } } break; } if (UNLIKELY(*xlen >= PERL_INT_MAX)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Needed %zu bytes, max permissible is %u\n", *xlen, PERL_INT_MAX)); goto bad; } /* A well-behaved strxfrm() returns exactly how much space it needs * (usually not including the trailing NUL) when it fails due to not * enough space being provided. Assume that this is the case unless * it's been proven otherwise */ if (LIKELY(PL_strxfrm_is_behaved) && first_time) { xAlloc = *xlen + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + 1; } else { /* Here, either: * 1) The strxfrm() has previously shown bad behavior; or * 2) It isn't the first time through the loop, which means * that the strxfrm() is now showing bad behavior, because * we gave it what it said was needed in the previous * iteration, and it came back saying it needed still more. * (Many versions of cygwin fit this. When the buffer size * isn't sufficient, they return the input size instead of * how much is needed.) * Increase the buffer size by a fixed percentage and try again. * */ xAlloc += (xAlloc / 4) + 1; PL_strxfrm_is_behaved = FALSE; #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm required more space than previously calculated" " for locale %s, trying again with new guess=%d+%zu\n", PL_collation_name, (int) COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN); } #endif } Renew(xbuf, xAlloc, char); if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't realloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc)); goto bad; } first_time = FALSE; } #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) { Size_t i; print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, xlen, utf8); PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Its xfrm is:"); for (i = COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN; i < *xlen + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN; i++) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " %02x", (U8) xbuf[i]); } PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n"); } #endif /* Free up unneeded space; retain ehough for trailing NUL */ Renew(xbuf, COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + *xlen + 1, char); if (s != input_string) { Safefree(s); } return xbuf; bad: Safefree(xbuf); if (s != input_string) { Safefree(s); } *xlen = 0; #ifdef DEBUGGING if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) { print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, NULL, utf8); } #endif return NULL; } #ifdef DEBUGGING STATIC void S_print_collxfrm_input_and_return(pTHX_ const char * const s, const char * const e, const STRLEN * const xlen, const bool is_utf8) { const char * t = s; bool prev_was_printable = TRUE; bool first_time = TRUE; PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_COLLXFRM_INPUT_AND_RETURN; PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm[%u]: returning ", PL_collation_ix); if (xlen) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%" UVuf, (UV) *xlen); } else { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "NULL"); } PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " for locale '%s', string='", PL_collation_name); while (t < e) { UV cp = (is_utf8) ? utf8_to_uvchr_buf((U8 *) t, e, NULL) : * (U8 *) t; if (isPRINT(cp)) { if (! prev_was_printable) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " "); } PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%c", (U8) cp); prev_was_printable = TRUE; } else { if (! first_time) { PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " "); } PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%02" UVXf, cp); prev_was_printable = FALSE; } t += (is_utf8) ? UTF8SKIP(t) : 1; first_time = FALSE; } PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n"); } #endif /* #ifdef DEBUGGING */ #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE bool Perl__is_cur_LC_category_utf8(pTHX_ int category) { /* Returns TRUE if the current locale for 'category' is UTF-8; FALSE * otherwise. 'category' may not be LC_ALL. If the platform doesn't have * nl_langinfo(), nor MB_CUR_MAX, this employs a heuristic, which hence * could give the wrong result. The result will very likely be correct for * languages that have commonly used non-ASCII characters, but for notably * English, it comes down to if the locale's name ends in something like * "UTF-8". It errs on the side of not being a UTF-8 locale. */ char *save_input_locale = NULL; STRLEN final_pos; #ifdef LC_ALL assert(category != LC_ALL); #endif /* First dispose of the trivial cases */ save_input_locale = setlocale(category, NULL); if (! save_input_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not find current locale for category %d\n", category)); return FALSE; /* XXX maybe should croak */ } save_input_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_input_locale)); if (isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_input_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Current locale for category %d is %s\n", category, save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return FALSE; } #if defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE) \ && (defined(MB_CUR_MAX) || (defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) && defined(CODESET))) { /* Next try nl_langinfo or MB_CUR_MAX if available */ char *save_ctype_locale = NULL; bool is_utf8; if (category != LC_CTYPE) { /* These work only on LC_CTYPE */ /* Get the current LC_CTYPE locale */ save_ctype_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL); if (! save_ctype_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not find current locale for LC_CTYPE\n")); goto cant_use_nllanginfo; } save_ctype_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_ctype_locale)); /* If LC_CTYPE and the desired category use the same locale, this * means that finding the value for LC_CTYPE is the same as finding * the value for the desired category. Otherwise, switch LC_CTYPE * to the desired category's locale */ if (strEQ(save_ctype_locale, save_input_locale)) { Safefree(save_ctype_locale); save_ctype_locale = NULL; } else if (! setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_input_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not change LC_CTYPE locale to %s\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_ctype_locale); goto cant_use_nllanginfo; } } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Current LC_CTYPE locale=%s\n", save_input_locale)); /* Here the current LC_CTYPE is set to the locale of the category whose * information is desired. This means that nl_langinfo() and MB_CUR_MAX * should give the correct results */ # if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) && defined(CODESET) { char *codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET); if (codeset && strNE(codeset, "")) { codeset = savepv(codeset); /* If we switched LC_CTYPE, switch back */ if (save_ctype_locale) { setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_ctype_locale); Safefree(save_ctype_locale); } is_utf8 = foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF-8")) || foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF8")); DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\tnllanginfo returned CODESET '%s'; ?UTF8 locale=%d\n", codeset, is_utf8)); Safefree(codeset); Safefree(save_input_locale); return is_utf8; } } # endif # ifdef MB_CUR_MAX /* Here, either we don't have nl_langinfo, or it didn't return a * codeset. Try MB_CUR_MAX */ /* Standard UTF-8 needs at least 4 bytes to represent the maximum * Unicode code point. Since UTF-8 is the only non-single byte * encoding we handle, we just say any such encoding is UTF-8, and if * turns out to be wrong, other things will fail */ is_utf8 = MB_CUR_MAX >= 4; DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\tMB_CUR_MAX=%d; ?UTF8 locale=%d\n", (int) MB_CUR_MAX, is_utf8)); Safefree(save_input_locale); # ifdef HAS_MBTOWC /* ... But, most system that have MB_CUR_MAX will also have mbtowc(), * since they are both in the C99 standard. We can feed a known byte * string to the latter function, and check that it gives the expected * result */ if (is_utf8) { wchar_t wc; PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(mbtowc(&wc, NULL, 0));/* Reset any shift state */ errno = 0; if ((size_t)mbtowc(&wc, HYPHEN_UTF8, strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8)) != strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8) || wc != (wchar_t) 0x2010) { is_utf8 = FALSE; DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\thyphen=U+%x\n", (unsigned int)wc)); DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\treturn from mbtowc=%d; errno=%d; ?UTF8 locale=0\n", mbtowc(&wc, HYPHEN_UTF8, strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8)), errno)); } } # endif /* If we switched LC_CTYPE, switch back */ if (save_ctype_locale) { setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_ctype_locale); Safefree(save_ctype_locale); } return is_utf8; # endif } cant_use_nllanginfo: #else /* nl_langinfo should work if available, so don't bother compiling this fallback code. The final fallback of looking at the name is compiled, and will be executed if nl_langinfo fails */ /* nl_langinfo not available or failed somehow. Next try looking at the * currency symbol to see if it disambiguates things. Often that will be * in the native script, and if the symbol isn't in UTF-8, we know that the * locale isn't. If it is non-ASCII UTF-8, we infer that the locale is * too, as the odds of a non-UTF8 string being valid UTF-8 are quite small * */ #ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY { char *save_monetary_locale = NULL; bool only_ascii = FALSE; bool is_utf8 = FALSE; struct lconv* lc; /* Like above for LC_CTYPE, we first set LC_MONETARY to the locale of * the desired category, if it isn't that locale already */ if (category != LC_MONETARY) { save_monetary_locale = setlocale(LC_MONETARY, NULL); if (! save_monetary_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not find current locale for LC_MONETARY\n")); goto cant_use_monetary; } save_monetary_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_monetary_locale)); if (strEQ(save_monetary_locale, save_input_locale)) { Safefree(save_monetary_locale); save_monetary_locale = NULL; } else if (! setlocale(LC_MONETARY, save_input_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not change LC_MONETARY locale to %s\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_monetary_locale); goto cant_use_monetary; } } /* Here the current LC_MONETARY is set to the locale of the category * whose information is desired. */ lc = localeconv(); if (! lc || ! lc->currency_symbol || is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) lc->currency_symbol, 0)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Couldn't get currency symbol for %s, or contains only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); only_ascii = TRUE; } else { is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) lc->currency_symbol, 0); } /* If we changed it, restore LC_MONETARY to its original locale */ if (save_monetary_locale) { setlocale(LC_MONETARY, save_monetary_locale); Safefree(save_monetary_locale); } if (! only_ascii) { /* It isn't a UTF-8 locale if the symbol is not legal UTF-8; * otherwise assume the locale is UTF-8 if and only if the symbol * is non-ascii UTF-8. */ DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?Currency symbol for %s is UTF-8=%d\n", save_input_locale, is_utf8)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return is_utf8; } } cant_use_monetary: # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */ #endif /* HAS_LOCALECONV */ #if defined(HAS_STRFTIME) && defined(USE_LOCALE_TIME) /* Still haven't found a non-ASCII string to disambiguate UTF-8 or not. Try * the names of the months and weekdays, timezone, and am/pm indicator */ { char *save_time_locale = NULL; int hour = 10; bool is_dst = FALSE; int dom = 1; int month = 0; int i; char * formatted_time; /* Like above for LC_MONETARY, we set LC_TIME to the locale of the * desired category, if it isn't that locale already */ if (category != LC_TIME) { save_time_locale = setlocale(LC_TIME, NULL); if (! save_time_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not find current locale for LC_TIME\n")); goto cant_use_time; } save_time_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_time_locale)); if (strEQ(save_time_locale, save_input_locale)) { Safefree(save_time_locale); save_time_locale = NULL; } else if (! setlocale(LC_TIME, save_input_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not change LC_TIME locale to %s\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_time_locale); goto cant_use_time; } } /* Here the current LC_TIME is set to the locale of the category * whose information is desired. Look at all the days of the week and * month names, and the timezone and am/pm indicator for UTF-8 variant * characters. The first such a one found will tell us if the locale * is UTF-8 or not */ for (i = 0; i < 7 + 12; i++) { /* 7 days; 12 months */ formatted_time = my_strftime("%A %B %Z %p", 0, 0, hour, dom, month, 112, 0, 0, is_dst); if ( ! formatted_time || is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0)) { /* Here, we didn't find a non-ASCII. Try the next time through * with the complemented dst and am/pm, and try with the next * weekday. After we have gotten all weekdays, try the next * month */ is_dst = ! is_dst; hour = (hour + 12) % 24; dom++; if (i > 6) { month++; } continue; } /* Here, we have a non-ASCII. Return TRUE is it is valid UTF8; * false otherwise. But first, restore LC_TIME to its original * locale if we changed it */ if (save_time_locale) { setlocale(LC_TIME, save_time_locale); Safefree(save_time_locale); } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?time-related strings for %s are UTF-8=%d\n", save_input_locale, is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0))); Safefree(save_input_locale); return is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0); } /* Falling off the end of the loop indicates all the names were just * ASCII. Go on to the next test. If we changed it, restore LC_TIME * to its original locale */ if (save_time_locale) { setlocale(LC_TIME, save_time_locale); Safefree(save_time_locale); } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All time-related words for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); } cant_use_time: #endif #if 0 && defined(USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES) && defined(HAS_SYS_ERRLIST) /* This code is ifdefd out because it was found to not be necessary in testing * on our dromedary test machine, which has over 700 locales. There, this * added no value to looking at the currency symbol and the time strings. I * left it in so as to avoid rewriting it if real-world experience indicates * that dromedary is an outlier. Essentially, instead of returning abpve if we * haven't found illegal utf8, we continue on and examine all the strerror() * messages on the platform for utf8ness. If all are ASCII, we still don't * know the answer; but otherwise we have a pretty good indication of the * utf8ness. The reason this doesn't help much is that the messages may not * have been translated into the locale. The currency symbol and time strings * are much more likely to have been translated. */ { int e; bool is_utf8 = FALSE; bool non_ascii = FALSE; char *save_messages_locale = NULL; const char * errmsg = NULL; /* Like above, we set LC_MESSAGES to the locale of the desired * category, if it isn't that locale already */ if (category != LC_MESSAGES) { save_messages_locale = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL); if (! save_messages_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not find current locale for LC_MESSAGES\n")); goto cant_use_messages; } save_messages_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_messages_locale)); if (strEQ(save_messages_locale, save_input_locale)) { Safefree(save_messages_locale); save_messages_locale = NULL; } else if (! setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_input_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Could not change LC_MESSAGES locale to %s\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_messages_locale); goto cant_use_messages; } } /* Here the current LC_MESSAGES is set to the locale of the category * whose information is desired. Look through all the messages. We * can't use Strerror() here because it may expand to code that * segfaults in miniperl */ for (e = 0; e <= sys_nerr; e++) { errno = 0; errmsg = sys_errlist[e]; if (errno || !errmsg) { break; } errmsg = savepv(errmsg); if (! is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0)) { non_ascii = TRUE; is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0); break; } } Safefree(errmsg); /* And, if we changed it, restore LC_MESSAGES to its original locale */ if (save_messages_locale) { setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_messages_locale); Safefree(save_messages_locale); } if (non_ascii) { /* Any non-UTF-8 message means not a UTF-8 locale; if all are valid, * any non-ascii means it is one; otherwise we assume it isn't */ DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?error messages for %s are UTF-8=%d\n", save_input_locale, is_utf8)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return is_utf8; } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All error messages for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); } cant_use_messages: #endif #endif /* the code that is compiled when no nl_langinfo */ #ifndef EBCDIC /* On os390, even if the name ends with "UTF-8', it isn't a UTF-8 locale */ /* As a last resort, look at the locale name to see if it matches * qr/UTF -? * 8 /ix, or some other common locale names. This "name", the * return of setlocale(), is actually defined to be opaque, so we can't * really rely on the absence of various substrings in the name to indicate * its UTF-8ness, but if it has UTF8 in the name, it is extremely likely to * be a UTF-8 locale. Similarly for the other common names */ final_pos = strlen(save_input_locale) - 1; if (final_pos >= 3) { char *name = save_input_locale; /* Find next 'U' or 'u' and look from there */ while ((name += strcspn(name, "Uu") + 1) <= save_input_locale + final_pos - 2) { if (!isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*name, 't') || isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*(name + 1), 'f')) { continue; } name += 2; if (*(name) == '-') { if ((name > save_input_locale + final_pos - 1)) { break; } name++; } if (*(name) == '8') { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale %s ends with UTF-8 in name\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return TRUE; } } DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale %s doesn't end with UTF-8 in name\n", save_input_locale)); } #endif #ifdef WIN32 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756.aspx */ if (final_pos >= 4 && *(save_input_locale + final_pos - 0) == '1' && *(save_input_locale + final_pos - 1) == '0' && *(save_input_locale + final_pos - 2) == '0' && *(save_input_locale + final_pos - 3) == '5' && *(save_input_locale + final_pos - 4) == '6') { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale %s ends with 10056 in name, is UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return TRUE; } #endif /* Other common encodings are the ISO 8859 series, which aren't UTF-8. But * since we are about to return FALSE anyway, there is no point in doing * this extra work */ #if 0 if (instr(save_input_locale, "8859")) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale %s has 8859 in name, not UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return FALSE; } #endif DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Assuming locale %s is not a UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale)); Safefree(save_input_locale); return FALSE; } #endif bool Perl__is_in_locale_category(pTHX_ const bool compiling, const int category) { dVAR; /* Internal function which returns if we are in the scope of a pragma that * enables the locale category 'category'. 'compiling' should indicate if * this is during the compilation phase (TRUE) or not (FALSE). */ const COP * const cop = (compiling) ? &PL_compiling : PL_curcop; SV *categories = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(cop, "locale", 0); if (! categories || categories == &PL_sv_placeholder) { return FALSE; } /* The pseudo-category 'not_characters' is -1, so just add 1 to each to get * a valid unsigned */ assert(category >= -1); return cBOOL(SvUV(categories) & (1U << (category + 1))); } char * Perl_my_strerror(pTHX_ const int errnum) { /* Returns a mortalized copy of the text of the error message associated * with 'errnum'. It uses the current locale's text unless the platform * doesn't have the LC_MESSAGES category or we are not being called from * within the scope of 'use locale'. In the former case, it uses whatever * strerror returns; in the latter case it uses the text from the C locale. * * The function just calls strerror(), but temporarily switches, if needed, * to the C locale */ char *errstr; #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES /* If platform doesn't have messages category, we don't do any switching to the C locale; we just use whatever strerror() returns */ const bool within_locale_scope = IN_LC(LC_MESSAGES); dVAR; # ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE locale_t save_locale = NULL; # else char * save_locale = NULL; bool locale_is_C = FALSE; /* We have a critical section to prevent another thread from changing the * locale out from under us (or zapping the buffer returned from * setlocale() ) */ LOCALE_LOCK; # endif if (! within_locale_scope) { errno = 0; # ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE /* Use the thread-safe locale functions */ save_locale = uselocale(PL_C_locale_obj); if (! save_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "uselocale failed, errno=%d\n", errno)); } # else /* Not thread-safe build */ save_locale = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL); if (! save_locale) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "setlocale failed, errno=%d\n", errno)); } else { locale_is_C = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_locale); /* Switch to the C locale if not already in it */ if (! locale_is_C) { /* The setlocale() just below likely will zap 'save_locale', so * create a copy. */ save_locale = savepv(save_locale); setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "C"); } } # endif } /* end of ! within_locale_scope */ #endif errstr = Strerror(errnum); if (errstr) { errstr = savepv(errstr); SAVEFREEPV(errstr); } #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES if (! within_locale_scope) { errno = 0; # ifdef USE_THREAD_SAFE_LOCALE if (save_locale && ! uselocale(save_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "uselocale restore failed, errno=%d\n", errno)); } } # else if (save_locale && ! locale_is_C) { if (! setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_locale)) { DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "setlocale restore failed, errno=%d\n", errno)); } Safefree(save_locale); } } LOCALE_UNLOCK; # endif #endif return errstr; } /* =head1 Locale-related functions and macros =for apidoc sync_locale Changing the program's locale should be avoided by XS code. Nevertheless, certain non-Perl libraries called from XS, such as C do so. When this happens, Perl needs to be told that the locale has changed. Use this function to do so, before returning to Perl. =cut */ void Perl_sync_locale(pTHX) { #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE new_ctype(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL)); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */ #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE new_collate(setlocale(LC_COLLATE, NULL)); #endif #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC set_numeric_local(); /* Switch from "C" to underlying LC_NUMERIC */ new_numeric(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL)); #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */ } #if defined(DEBUGGING) && defined(USE_LOCALE) char * Perl__setlocale_debug_string(const int category, /* category number, like LC_ALL */ const char* const locale, /* locale name */ /* return value from setlocale() when attempting to * set 'category' to 'locale' */ const char* const retval) { /* Returns a pointer to a NUL-terminated string in static storage with * added text about the info passed in. This is not thread safe and will * be overwritten by the next call, so this should be used just to * formulate a string to immediately print or savepv() on. */ /* initialise to a non-null value to keep it out of BSS and so keep * -DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE happy */ static char ret[128] = "If you can read this, thank your buggy C" " library strlcpy(), and change your hints file" " to undef it"; my_strlcpy(ret, "setlocale(", sizeof(ret)); switch (category) { default: my_snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s? %d", ret, category); break; # ifdef LC_ALL case LC_ALL: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_ALL", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_CTYPE case LC_CTYPE: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_CTYPE", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_NUMERIC case LC_NUMERIC: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_NUMERIC", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_COLLATE case LC_COLLATE: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_COLLATE", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_TIME case LC_TIME: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_TIME", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_MONETARY case LC_MONETARY: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_MONETARY", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif # ifdef LC_MESSAGES case LC_MESSAGES: my_strlcat(ret, "LC_MESSAGES", sizeof(ret)); break; # endif } my_strlcat(ret, ", ", sizeof(ret)); if (locale) { my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret)); my_strlcat(ret, locale, sizeof(ret)); my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret)); } else { my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret)); } my_strlcat(ret, ") returned ", sizeof(ret)); if (retval) { my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret)); my_strlcat(ret, retval, sizeof(ret)); my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret)); } else { my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret)); } assert(strlen(ret) < sizeof(ret)); return ret; } #endif /* * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: */