package charnames; use strict; use warnings; use File::Spec; our $VERSION = '1.16'; use bytes (); # for $bytes::hint_bits # The hashes are stored as utf8 strings. This makes it easier to deal with # sequences. I (khw) also tried making Name.pl utf8, but it slowed things # down by a factor of 7. I then tried making Name.pl store the ut8 # equivalents but not calling them utf8. That led to similar speed as leaving # it alone, but since that is harder for a human to parse, I left it as-is. my %system_aliases = ( # Icky 3.2 names with parentheses. 'LINE FEED' => pack("U", 0x0A), # LINE FEED (LF) 'FORM FEED' => pack("U", 0x0C), # FORM FEED (FF) 'CARRIAGE RETURN' => pack("U", 0x0D), # CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) 'NEXT LINE' => pack("U", 0x85), # NEXT LINE (NEL) # Some variant names from Wikipedia 'SINGLE-SHIFT 2' => pack("U", 0x8E), 'SINGLE-SHIFT 3' => pack("U", 0x8F), 'PRIVATE USE 1' => pack("U", 0x91), 'PRIVATE USE 2' => pack("U", 0x92), 'START OF PROTECTED AREA' => pack("U", 0x96), 'END OF PROTECTED AREA' => pack("U", 0x97), # Convenience. Standard abbreviations for the controls 'NUL' => pack("U", 0x00), # NULL 'SOH' => pack("U", 0x01), # START OF HEADING 'STX' => pack("U", 0x02), # START OF TEXT 'ETX' => pack("U", 0x03), # END OF TEXT 'EOT' => pack("U", 0x04), # END OF TRANSMISSION 'ENQ' => pack("U", 0x05), # ENQUIRY 'ACK' => pack("U", 0x06), # ACKNOWLEDGE 'BEL' => pack("U", 0x07), # BELL 'BS' => pack("U", 0x08), # BACKSPACE 'HT' => pack("U", 0x09), # HORIZONTAL TABULATION 'LF' => pack("U", 0x0A), # LINE FEED (LF) 'VT' => pack("U", 0x0B), # VERTICAL TABULATION 'FF' => pack("U", 0x0C), # FORM FEED (FF) 'CR' => pack("U", 0x0D), # CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) 'SO' => pack("U", 0x0E), # SHIFT OUT 'SI' => pack("U", 0x0F), # SHIFT IN 'DLE' => pack("U", 0x10), # DATA LINK ESCAPE 'DC1' => pack("U", 0x11), # DEVICE CONTROL ONE 'DC2' => pack("U", 0x12), # DEVICE CONTROL TWO 'DC3' => pack("U", 0x13), # DEVICE CONTROL THREE 'DC4' => pack("U", 0x14), # DEVICE CONTROL FOUR 'NAK' => pack("U", 0x15), # NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE 'SYN' => pack("U", 0x16), # SYNCHRONOUS IDLE 'ETB' => pack("U", 0x17), # END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK 'CAN' => pack("U", 0x18), # CANCEL 'EOM' => pack("U", 0x19), # END OF MEDIUM 'SUB' => pack("U", 0x1A), # SUBSTITUTE 'ESC' => pack("U", 0x1B), # ESCAPE 'FS' => pack("U", 0x1C), # FILE SEPARATOR 'GS' => pack("U", 0x1D), # GROUP SEPARATOR 'RS' => pack("U", 0x1E), # RECORD SEPARATOR 'US' => pack("U", 0x1F), # UNIT SEPARATOR 'DEL' => pack("U", 0x7F), # DELETE 'BPH' => pack("U", 0x82), # BREAK PERMITTED HERE 'NBH' => pack("U", 0x83), # NO BREAK HERE 'NEL' => pack("U", 0x85), # NEXT LINE (NEL) 'SSA' => pack("U", 0x86), # START OF SELECTED AREA 'ESA' => pack("U", 0x87), # END OF SELECTED AREA 'HTS' => pack("U", 0x88), # CHARACTER TABULATION SET 'HTJ' => pack("U", 0x89), # CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION 'VTS' => pack("U", 0x8A), # LINE TABULATION SET 'PLD' => pack("U", 0x8B), # PARTIAL LINE FORWARD 'PLU' => pack("U", 0x8C), # PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD 'RI ' => pack("U", 0x8D), # REVERSE LINE FEED 'SS2' => pack("U", 0x8E), # SINGLE SHIFT TWO 'SS3' => pack("U", 0x8F), # SINGLE SHIFT THREE 'DCS' => pack("U", 0x90), # DEVICE CONTROL STRING 'PU1' => pack("U", 0x91), # PRIVATE USE ONE 'PU2' => pack("U", 0x92), # PRIVATE USE TWO 'STS' => pack("U", 0x93), # SET TRANSMIT STATE 'CCH' => pack("U", 0x94), # CANCEL CHARACTER 'MW ' => pack("U", 0x95), # MESSAGE WAITING 'SPA' => pack("U", 0x96), # START OF GUARDED AREA 'EPA' => pack("U", 0x97), # END OF GUARDED AREA 'SOS' => pack("U", 0x98), # START OF STRING 'SCI' => pack("U", 0x9A), # SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER 'CSI' => pack("U", 0x9B), # CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER 'ST ' => pack("U", 0x9C), # STRING TERMINATOR 'OSC' => pack("U", 0x9D), # OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND 'PM ' => pack("U", 0x9E), # PRIVACY MESSAGE 'APC' => pack("U", 0x9F), # APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND # There are no names for these in the Unicode standard; perhaps should be # deprecated, but then again there are no alternative names, so am not # deprecating. And if did, the code would have to change to not recommend # an alternative for these. 'PADDING CHARACTER' => pack("U", 0x80), 'PAD' => pack("U", 0x80), 'HIGH OCTET PRESET' => pack("U", 0x81), 'HOP' => pack("U", 0x81), 'INDEX' => pack("U", 0x84), 'IND' => pack("U", 0x84), 'SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER' => pack("U", 0x99), 'SGC' => pack("U", 0x99), # More convenience. For further convenience, it is suggested some way of # using the NamesList aliases be implemented, but there are ambiguities in # NamesList.txt 'BOM' => pack("U", 0xFEFF), # BYTE ORDER MARK 'BYTE ORDER MARK'=> pack("U", 0xFEFF), 'CGJ' => pack("U", 0x034F), # COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER 'FVS1' => pack("U", 0x180B), # MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE 'FVS2' => pack("U", 0x180C), # MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO 'FVS3' => pack("U", 0x180D), # MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE 'LRE' => pack("U", 0x202A), # LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING 'LRM' => pack("U", 0x200E), # LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK 'LRO' => pack("U", 0x202D), # LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE 'MMSP' => pack("U", 0x205F), # MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE 'MVS' => pack("U", 0x180E), # MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR 'NBSP' => pack("U", 0x00A0), # NO-BREAK SPACE 'NNBSP' => pack("U", 0x202F), # NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE 'PDF' => pack("U", 0x202C), # POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING 'RLE' => pack("U", 0x202B), # RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING 'RLM' => pack("U", 0x200F), # RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK 'RLO' => pack("U", 0x202E), # RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE 'SHY' => pack("U", 0x00AD), # SOFT HYPHEN 'VS1' => pack("U", 0xFE00), # VARIATION SELECTOR-1 'VS2' => pack("U", 0xFE01), # VARIATION SELECTOR-2 'VS3' => pack("U", 0xFE02), # VARIATION SELECTOR-3 'VS4' => pack("U", 0xFE03), # VARIATION SELECTOR-4 'VS5' => pack("U", 0xFE04), # VARIATION SELECTOR-5 'VS6' => pack("U", 0xFE05), # VARIATION SELECTOR-6 'VS7' => pack("U", 0xFE06), # VARIATION SELECTOR-7 'VS8' => pack("U", 0xFE07), # VARIATION SELECTOR-8 'VS9' => pack("U", 0xFE08), # VARIATION SELECTOR-9 'VS10' => pack("U", 0xFE09), # VARIATION SELECTOR-10 'VS11' => pack("U", 0xFE0A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-11 'VS12' => pack("U", 0xFE0B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-12 'VS13' => pack("U", 0xFE0C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-13 'VS14' => pack("U", 0xFE0D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-14 'VS15' => pack("U", 0xFE0E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-15 'VS16' => pack("U", 0xFE0F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-16 'VS17' => pack("U", 0xE0100), # VARIATION SELECTOR-17 'VS18' => pack("U", 0xE0101), # VARIATION SELECTOR-18 'VS19' => pack("U", 0xE0102), # VARIATION SELECTOR-19 'VS20' => pack("U", 0xE0103), # VARIATION SELECTOR-20 'VS21' => pack("U", 0xE0104), # VARIATION SELECTOR-21 'VS22' => pack("U", 0xE0105), # VARIATION SELECTOR-22 'VS23' => pack("U", 0xE0106), # VARIATION SELECTOR-23 'VS24' => pack("U", 0xE0107), # VARIATION SELECTOR-24 'VS25' => pack("U", 0xE0108), # VARIATION SELECTOR-25 'VS26' => pack("U", 0xE0109), # VARIATION SELECTOR-26 'VS27' => pack("U", 0xE010A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-27 'VS28' => pack("U", 0xE010B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-28 'VS29' => pack("U", 0xE010C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-29 'VS30' => pack("U", 0xE010D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-30 'VS31' => pack("U", 0xE010E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-31 'VS32' => pack("U", 0xE010F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-32 'VS33' => pack("U", 0xE0110), # VARIATION SELECTOR-33 'VS34' => pack("U", 0xE0111), # VARIATION SELECTOR-34 'VS35' => pack("U", 0xE0112), # VARIATION SELECTOR-35 'VS36' => pack("U", 0xE0113), # VARIATION SELECTOR-36 'VS37' => pack("U", 0xE0114), # VARIATION SELECTOR-37 'VS38' => pack("U", 0xE0115), # VARIATION SELECTOR-38 'VS39' => pack("U", 0xE0116), # VARIATION SELECTOR-39 'VS40' => pack("U", 0xE0117), # VARIATION SELECTOR-40 'VS41' => pack("U", 0xE0118), # VARIATION SELECTOR-41 'VS42' => pack("U", 0xE0119), # VARIATION SELECTOR-42 'VS43' => pack("U", 0xE011A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-43 'VS44' => pack("U", 0xE011B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-44 'VS45' => pack("U", 0xE011C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-45 'VS46' => pack("U", 0xE011D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-46 'VS47' => pack("U", 0xE011E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-47 'VS48' => pack("U", 0xE011F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-48 'VS49' => pack("U", 0xE0120), # VARIATION SELECTOR-49 'VS50' => pack("U", 0xE0121), # VARIATION SELECTOR-50 'VS51' => pack("U", 0xE0122), # VARIATION SELECTOR-51 'VS52' => pack("U", 0xE0123), # VARIATION SELECTOR-52 'VS53' => pack("U", 0xE0124), # VARIATION SELECTOR-53 'VS54' => pack("U", 0xE0125), # VARIATION SELECTOR-54 'VS55' => pack("U", 0xE0126), # VARIATION SELECTOR-55 'VS56' => pack("U", 0xE0127), # VARIATION SELECTOR-56 'VS57' => pack("U", 0xE0128), # VARIATION SELECTOR-57 'VS58' => pack("U", 0xE0129), # VARIATION SELECTOR-58 'VS59' => pack("U", 0xE012A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-59 'VS60' => pack("U", 0xE012B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-60 'VS61' => pack("U", 0xE012C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-61 'VS62' => pack("U", 0xE012D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-62 'VS63' => pack("U", 0xE012E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-63 'VS64' => pack("U", 0xE012F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-64 'VS65' => pack("U", 0xE0130), # VARIATION SELECTOR-65 'VS66' => pack("U", 0xE0131), # VARIATION SELECTOR-66 'VS67' => pack("U", 0xE0132), # VARIATION SELECTOR-67 'VS68' => pack("U", 0xE0133), # VARIATION SELECTOR-68 'VS69' => pack("U", 0xE0134), # VARIATION SELECTOR-69 'VS70' => pack("U", 0xE0135), # VARIATION SELECTOR-70 'VS71' => pack("U", 0xE0136), # VARIATION SELECTOR-71 'VS72' => pack("U", 0xE0137), # VARIATION SELECTOR-72 'VS73' => pack("U", 0xE0138), # VARIATION SELECTOR-73 'VS74' => pack("U", 0xE0139), # VARIATION SELECTOR-74 'VS75' => pack("U", 0xE013A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-75 'VS76' => pack("U", 0xE013B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-76 'VS77' => pack("U", 0xE013C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-77 'VS78' => pack("U", 0xE013D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-78 'VS79' => pack("U", 0xE013E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-79 'VS80' => pack("U", 0xE013F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-80 'VS81' => pack("U", 0xE0140), # VARIATION SELECTOR-81 'VS82' => pack("U", 0xE0141), # VARIATION SELECTOR-82 'VS83' => pack("U", 0xE0142), # VARIATION SELECTOR-83 'VS84' => pack("U", 0xE0143), # VARIATION SELECTOR-84 'VS85' => pack("U", 0xE0144), # VARIATION SELECTOR-85 'VS86' => pack("U", 0xE0145), # VARIATION SELECTOR-86 'VS87' => pack("U", 0xE0146), # VARIATION SELECTOR-87 'VS88' => pack("U", 0xE0147), # VARIATION SELECTOR-88 'VS89' => pack("U", 0xE0148), # VARIATION SELECTOR-89 'VS90' => pack("U", 0xE0149), # VARIATION SELECTOR-90 'VS91' => pack("U", 0xE014A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-91 'VS92' => pack("U", 0xE014B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-92 'VS93' => pack("U", 0xE014C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-93 'VS94' => pack("U", 0xE014D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-94 'VS95' => pack("U", 0xE014E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-95 'VS96' => pack("U", 0xE014F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-96 'VS97' => pack("U", 0xE0150), # VARIATION SELECTOR-97 'VS98' => pack("U", 0xE0151), # VARIATION SELECTOR-98 'VS99' => pack("U", 0xE0152), # VARIATION SELECTOR-99 'VS100' => pack("U", 0xE0153), # VARIATION SELECTOR-100 'VS101' => pack("U", 0xE0154), # VARIATION SELECTOR-101 'VS102' => pack("U", 0xE0155), # VARIATION SELECTOR-102 'VS103' => pack("U", 0xE0156), # VARIATION SELECTOR-103 'VS104' => pack("U", 0xE0157), # VARIATION SELECTOR-104 'VS105' => pack("U", 0xE0158), # VARIATION SELECTOR-105 'VS106' => pack("U", 0xE0159), # VARIATION SELECTOR-106 'VS107' => pack("U", 0xE015A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-107 'VS108' => pack("U", 0xE015B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-108 'VS109' => pack("U", 0xE015C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-109 'VS110' => pack("U", 0xE015D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-110 'VS111' => pack("U", 0xE015E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-111 'VS112' => pack("U", 0xE015F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-112 'VS113' => pack("U", 0xE0160), # VARIATION SELECTOR-113 'VS114' => pack("U", 0xE0161), # VARIATION SELECTOR-114 'VS115' => pack("U", 0xE0162), # VARIATION SELECTOR-115 'VS116' => pack("U", 0xE0163), # VARIATION SELECTOR-116 'VS117' => pack("U", 0xE0164), # VARIATION SELECTOR-117 'VS118' => pack("U", 0xE0165), # VARIATION SELECTOR-118 'VS119' => pack("U", 0xE0166), # VARIATION SELECTOR-119 'VS120' => pack("U", 0xE0167), # VARIATION SELECTOR-120 'VS121' => pack("U", 0xE0168), # VARIATION SELECTOR-121 'VS122' => pack("U", 0xE0169), # VARIATION SELECTOR-122 'VS123' => pack("U", 0xE016A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-123 'VS124' => pack("U", 0xE016B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-124 'VS125' => pack("U", 0xE016C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-125 'VS126' => pack("U", 0xE016D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-126 'VS127' => pack("U", 0xE016E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-127 'VS128' => pack("U", 0xE016F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-128 'VS129' => pack("U", 0xE0170), # VARIATION SELECTOR-129 'VS130' => pack("U", 0xE0171), # VARIATION SELECTOR-130 'VS131' => pack("U", 0xE0172), # VARIATION SELECTOR-131 'VS132' => pack("U", 0xE0173), # VARIATION SELECTOR-132 'VS133' => pack("U", 0xE0174), # VARIATION SELECTOR-133 'VS134' => pack("U", 0xE0175), # VARIATION SELECTOR-134 'VS135' => pack("U", 0xE0176), # VARIATION SELECTOR-135 'VS136' => pack("U", 0xE0177), # VARIATION SELECTOR-136 'VS137' => pack("U", 0xE0178), # VARIATION SELECTOR-137 'VS138' => pack("U", 0xE0179), # VARIATION SELECTOR-138 'VS139' => pack("U", 0xE017A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-139 'VS140' => pack("U", 0xE017B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-140 'VS141' => pack("U", 0xE017C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-141 'VS142' => pack("U", 0xE017D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-142 'VS143' => pack("U", 0xE017E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-143 'VS144' => pack("U", 0xE017F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-144 'VS145' => pack("U", 0xE0180), # VARIATION SELECTOR-145 'VS146' => pack("U", 0xE0181), # VARIATION SELECTOR-146 'VS147' => pack("U", 0xE0182), # VARIATION SELECTOR-147 'VS148' => pack("U", 0xE0183), # VARIATION SELECTOR-148 'VS149' => pack("U", 0xE0184), # VARIATION SELECTOR-149 'VS150' => pack("U", 0xE0185), # VARIATION SELECTOR-150 'VS151' => pack("U", 0xE0186), # VARIATION SELECTOR-151 'VS152' => pack("U", 0xE0187), # VARIATION SELECTOR-152 'VS153' => pack("U", 0xE0188), # VARIATION SELECTOR-153 'VS154' => pack("U", 0xE0189), # VARIATION SELECTOR-154 'VS155' => pack("U", 0xE018A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-155 'VS156' => pack("U", 0xE018B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-156 'VS157' => pack("U", 0xE018C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-157 'VS158' => pack("U", 0xE018D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-158 'VS159' => pack("U", 0xE018E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-159 'VS160' => pack("U", 0xE018F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-160 'VS161' => pack("U", 0xE0190), # VARIATION SELECTOR-161 'VS162' => pack("U", 0xE0191), # VARIATION SELECTOR-162 'VS163' => pack("U", 0xE0192), # VARIATION SELECTOR-163 'VS164' => pack("U", 0xE0193), # VARIATION SELECTOR-164 'VS165' => pack("U", 0xE0194), # VARIATION SELECTOR-165 'VS166' => pack("U", 0xE0195), # VARIATION SELECTOR-166 'VS167' => pack("U", 0xE0196), # VARIATION SELECTOR-167 'VS168' => pack("U", 0xE0197), # VARIATION SELECTOR-168 'VS169' => pack("U", 0xE0198), # VARIATION SELECTOR-169 'VS170' => pack("U", 0xE0199), # VARIATION SELECTOR-170 'VS171' => pack("U", 0xE019A), # VARIATION SELECTOR-171 'VS172' => pack("U", 0xE019B), # VARIATION SELECTOR-172 'VS173' => pack("U", 0xE019C), # VARIATION SELECTOR-173 'VS174' => pack("U", 0xE019D), # VARIATION SELECTOR-174 'VS175' => pack("U", 0xE019E), # VARIATION SELECTOR-175 'VS176' => pack("U", 0xE019F), # VARIATION SELECTOR-176 'VS177' => pack("U", 0xE01A0), # VARIATION SELECTOR-177 'VS178' => pack("U", 0xE01A1), # VARIATION SELECTOR-178 'VS179' => pack("U", 0xE01A2), # VARIATION SELECTOR-179 'VS180' => pack("U", 0xE01A3), # VARIATION SELECTOR-180 'VS181' => pack("U", 0xE01A4), # VARIATION SELECTOR-181 'VS182' => pack("U", 0xE01A5), # VARIATION SELECTOR-182 'VS183' => pack("U", 0xE01A6), # VARIATION SELECTOR-183 'VS184' => pack("U", 0xE01A7), # VARIATION SELECTOR-184 'VS185' => pack("U", 0xE01A8), # VARIATION SELECTOR-185 'VS186' => pack("U", 0xE01A9), # VARIATION SELECTOR-186 'VS187' => pack("U", 0xE01AA), # VARIATION SELECTOR-187 'VS188' => pack("U", 0xE01AB), # VARIATION SELECTOR-188 'VS189' => pack("U", 0xE01AC), # VARIATION SELECTOR-189 'VS190' => pack("U", 0xE01AD), # VARIATION SELECTOR-190 'VS191' => pack("U", 0xE01AE), # VARIATION SELECTOR-191 'VS192' => pack("U", 0xE01AF), # VARIATION SELECTOR-192 'VS193' => pack("U", 0xE01B0), # VARIATION SELECTOR-193 'VS194' => pack("U", 0xE01B1), # VARIATION SELECTOR-194 'VS195' => pack("U", 0xE01B2), # VARIATION SELECTOR-195 'VS196' => pack("U", 0xE01B3), # VARIATION SELECTOR-196 'VS197' => pack("U", 0xE01B4), # VARIATION SELECTOR-197 'VS198' => pack("U", 0xE01B5), # VARIATION SELECTOR-198 'VS199' => pack("U", 0xE01B6), # VARIATION SELECTOR-199 'VS200' => pack("U", 0xE01B7), # VARIATION SELECTOR-200 'VS201' => pack("U", 0xE01B8), # VARIATION SELECTOR-201 'VS202' => pack("U", 0xE01B9), # VARIATION SELECTOR-202 'VS203' => pack("U", 0xE01BA), # VARIATION SELECTOR-203 'VS204' => pack("U", 0xE01BB), # VARIATION SELECTOR-204 'VS205' => pack("U", 0xE01BC), # VARIATION SELECTOR-205 'VS206' => pack("U", 0xE01BD), # VARIATION SELECTOR-206 'VS207' => pack("U", 0xE01BE), # VARIATION SELECTOR-207 'VS208' => pack("U", 0xE01BF), # VARIATION SELECTOR-208 'VS209' => pack("U", 0xE01C0), # VARIATION SELECTOR-209 'VS210' => pack("U", 0xE01C1), # VARIATION SELECTOR-210 'VS211' => pack("U", 0xE01C2), # VARIATION SELECTOR-211 'VS212' => pack("U", 0xE01C3), # VARIATION SELECTOR-212 'VS213' => pack("U", 0xE01C4), # VARIATION SELECTOR-213 'VS214' => pack("U", 0xE01C5), # VARIATION SELECTOR-214 'VS215' => pack("U", 0xE01C6), # VARIATION SELECTOR-215 'VS216' => pack("U", 0xE01C7), # VARIATION SELECTOR-216 'VS217' => pack("U", 0xE01C8), # VARIATION SELECTOR-217 'VS218' => pack("U", 0xE01C9), # VARIATION SELECTOR-218 'VS219' => pack("U", 0xE01CA), # VARIATION SELECTOR-219 'VS220' => pack("U", 0xE01CB), # VARIATION SELECTOR-220 'VS221' => pack("U", 0xE01CC), # VARIATION SELECTOR-221 'VS222' => pack("U", 0xE01CD), # VARIATION SELECTOR-222 'VS223' => pack("U", 0xE01CE), # VARIATION SELECTOR-223 'VS224' => pack("U", 0xE01CF), # VARIATION SELECTOR-224 'VS225' => pack("U", 0xE01D0), # VARIATION SELECTOR-225 'VS226' => pack("U", 0xE01D1), # VARIATION SELECTOR-226 'VS227' => pack("U", 0xE01D2), # VARIATION SELECTOR-227 'VS228' => pack("U", 0xE01D3), # VARIATION SELECTOR-228 'VS229' => pack("U", 0xE01D4), # VARIATION SELECTOR-229 'VS230' => pack("U", 0xE01D5), # VARIATION SELECTOR-230 'VS231' => pack("U", 0xE01D6), # VARIATION SELECTOR-231 'VS232' => pack("U", 0xE01D7), # VARIATION SELECTOR-232 'VS233' => pack("U", 0xE01D8), # VARIATION SELECTOR-233 'VS234' => pack("U", 0xE01D9), # VARIATION SELECTOR-234 'VS235' => pack("U", 0xE01DA), # VARIATION SELECTOR-235 'VS236' => pack("U", 0xE01DB), # VARIATION SELECTOR-236 'VS237' => pack("U", 0xE01DC), # VARIATION SELECTOR-237 'VS238' => pack("U", 0xE01DD), # VARIATION SELECTOR-238 'VS239' => pack("U", 0xE01DE), # VARIATION SELECTOR-239 'VS240' => pack("U", 0xE01DF), # VARIATION SELECTOR-240 'VS241' => pack("U", 0xE01E0), # VARIATION SELECTOR-241 'VS242' => pack("U", 0xE01E1), # VARIATION SELECTOR-242 'VS243' => pack("U", 0xE01E2), # VARIATION SELECTOR-243 'VS244' => pack("U", 0xE01E3), # VARIATION SELECTOR-244 'VS245' => pack("U", 0xE01E4), # VARIATION SELECTOR-245 'VS246' => pack("U", 0xE01E5), # VARIATION SELECTOR-246 'VS247' => pack("U", 0xE01E6), # VARIATION SELECTOR-247 'VS248' => pack("U", 0xE01E7), # VARIATION SELECTOR-248 'VS249' => pack("U", 0xE01E8), # VARIATION SELECTOR-249 'VS250' => pack("U", 0xE01E9), # VARIATION SELECTOR-250 'VS251' => pack("U", 0xE01EA), # VARIATION SELECTOR-251 'VS252' => pack("U", 0xE01EB), # VARIATION SELECTOR-252 'VS253' => pack("U", 0xE01EC), # VARIATION SELECTOR-253 'VS254' => pack("U", 0xE01ED), # VARIATION SELECTOR-254 'VS255' => pack("U", 0xE01EE), # VARIATION SELECTOR-255 'VS256' => pack("U", 0xE01EF), # VARIATION SELECTOR-256 'WJ' => pack("U", 0x2060), # WORD JOINER 'ZWJ' => pack("U", 0x200D), # ZERO WIDTH JOINER 'ZWNJ' => pack("U", 0x200C), # ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER 'ZWSP' => pack("U", 0x200B), # ZERO WIDTH SPACE ); my %deprecated_aliases = ( # Pre-3.2 compatibility (only for the first 256 characters). # Use of these gives deprecated message. 'HORIZONTAL TABULATION' => pack("U", 0x09), # CHARACTER TABULATION 'VERTICAL TABULATION' => pack("U", 0x0B), # LINE TABULATION 'FILE SEPARATOR' => pack("U", 0x1C), # INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR 'GROUP SEPARATOR' => pack("U", 0x1D), # INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE 'RECORD SEPARATOR' => pack("U", 0x1E), # INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO 'UNIT SEPARATOR' => pack("U", 0x1F), # INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE 'HORIZONTAL TABULATION SET' => pack("U", 0x88), # CHARACTER TABULATION SET 'HORIZONTAL TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION' => pack("U", 0x89), # CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION 'PARTIAL LINE DOWN' => pack("U", 0x8B), # PARTIAL LINE FORWARD 'PARTIAL LINE UP' => pack("U", 0x8C), # PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD 'VERTICAL TABULATION SET' => pack("U", 0x8A), # LINE TABULATION SET 'REVERSE INDEX' => pack("U", 0x8D), # REVERSE LINE FEED ); my $txt; # The table of official character names my %full_names_cache; # Holds already-looked-up names, so don't have to # re-look them up again. The previous versions of charnames had scoping # bugs. For example if we use script A in one scope and find and cache # what Z resolves to, we can't use that cache in a different scope that # uses script B instead of A, as Z might be an entirely different letter # there; or there might be different aliases in effect in different # scopes, or :short may be in effect or not effect in different scopes, # or various combinations thereof. This was solved in this version # mostly by moving things to %^H. But some things couldn't be moved # there. One of them was the cache of runtime looked-up names, in part # because %^H is read-only at runtime. I (khw) don't know why the cache # was run-time only in the previous versions: perhaps oversight; perhaps # that compile time looking doesn't happen in a loop so didn't think it # was worthwhile; perhaps not wanting to make the cache too large. But # I decided to make it compile time as well; this could easily be # changed. # Anyway, this hash is not scoped, and is added to at runtime. It # doesn't have scoping problems because the data in it is restricted to # official names, which are always invariant, and we only set it and # look at it at during :full lookups, so is unaffected by any other # scoped options. I put this in to maintain parity with the older # version. If desired, a %short_names cache could also be made, as well # as one for each script, say in %script_names_cache, with each key # being a hash for a script named in a 'use charnames' statement. I # decided not to do that for now, just because it's added complication, # and because I'm just trying to maintain parity, not extend it. # Designed so that test decimal first, and then hex. Leading zeros # imply non-decimal, as do non-[0-9] my $decimal_qr = qr/^[1-9]\d*$/; # Returns the hex number in $1. my $hex_qr = qr/^(?:[Uu]\+|0[xX])?([[:xdigit:]]+)$/; sub croak { require Carp; goto &Carp::croak; } # croak sub carp { require Carp; goto &Carp::carp; } # carp sub alias (@) # Set up a single alias { my $alias = ref $_[0] ? $_[0] : { @_ }; foreach my $name (keys %$alias) { my $value = $alias->{$name}; next unless defined $value; # Omit if screwed up. # Is slightly slower to just after this statement see if it is # decimal, since we already know it is after having converted from # hex, but makes the code easier to maintain, and is called # infrequently, only at compile-time if ($value !~ $decimal_qr && $value =~ $hex_qr) { $value = CORE::hex $1; } if ($value =~ $decimal_qr) { no warnings 'utf8'; # Allow even illegal characters $^H{charnames_ord_aliases}{$name} = pack("U", $value); # Use a canonical form. $^H{charnames_inverse_ords}{sprintf("%05X", $value)} = $name; } else { # XXX validate syntax when deprecation cycle complete. ie. start # with an alpha only, etc. $^H{charnames_name_aliases}{$name} = $value; } } } # alias sub not_legal_use_bytes_msg { my ($name, $utf8) = @_; my $return; if (length($utf8) == 1) { $return = sprintf("Character 0x%04x with name '%s' is", ord $utf8, $name); } else { $return = sprintf("String with name '%s' (and ordinals %s) contains character(s)", $name, join(" ", map { sprintf "0x%04X", ord $_ } split(//, $utf8))); } return $return . " above 0xFF with 'use bytes' in effect"; } sub alias_file ($) # Reads a file containing alias definitions { my ($arg, $file) = @_; if (-f $arg && File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute ($arg)) { $file = $arg; } elsif ($arg =~ m/^\w+$/) { $file = "unicore/${arg}_alias.pl"; } else { croak "Charnames alias files can only have identifier characters"; } if (my @alias = do $file) { @alias == 1 && !defined $alias[0] and croak "$file cannot be used as alias file for charnames"; @alias % 2 and croak "$file did not return a (valid) list of alias pairs"; alias (@alias); return (1); } 0; } # alias_file # For use when don't import anything. This structure must be kept in # sync with the one that import() fills up. my %dummy_H = ( charnames_stringified_names => "", charnames_stringified_ords => "", charnames_scripts => "", charnames_full => 1, charnames_short => 0, ); sub lookup_name ($$$) { my ($name, $wants_ord, $runtime) = @_; # Lookup the name or sequence $name in the tables. If $wants_ord is false, # returns the string equivalent of $name; if true, returns the ordinal value # instead, but in this case $name must not be a sequence; otherwise undef is # returned and a warning raised. $runtime is 0 if compiletime, otherwise # gives the number of stack frames to go back to get the application caller # info. # If $name is not found, returns undef in runtime with no warning; and in # compiletime, the Unicode replacement character, with a warning. # It looks first in the aliases, then in the large table of official Unicode # names. my $utf8; # The string result my $save_input; if ($runtime) { my $hints_ref = (caller($runtime))[10]; # If we didn't import anything (which happens with 'use charnames ()', # substitute a dummy structure. $hints_ref = \%dummy_H if ! defined $hints_ref || ! defined $hints_ref->{charnames_full}; # At runtime, but currently not at compile time, $^H gets # stringified, so un-stringify back to the original data structures. # These get thrown away by perl before the next invocation # Also fill in the hash with the non-stringified data. # N.B. New fields must be also added to %dummy_H %{$^H{charnames_name_aliases}} = split ',', $hints_ref->{charnames_stringified_names}; %{$^H{charnames_ord_aliases}} = split ',', $hints_ref->{charnames_stringified_ords}; $^H{charnames_scripts} = $hints_ref->{charnames_scripts}; $^H{charnames_full} = $hints_ref->{charnames_full}; $^H{charnames_short} = $hints_ref->{charnames_short}; } # User alias should be checked first or else can't override ours, and if we # were to add any, could conflict with theirs. if (exists $^H{charnames_ord_aliases}{$name}) { $utf8 = $^H{charnames_ord_aliases}{$name}; } elsif (exists $^H{charnames_name_aliases}{$name}) { $name = $^H{charnames_name_aliases}{$name}; $save_input = $name; # Cache the result for any error message } elsif (exists $system_aliases{$name}) { $utf8 = $system_aliases{$name}; } elsif (exists $deprecated_aliases{$name}) { require warnings; warnings::warnif('deprecated', "Unicode character name \"$name\" is deprecated, use \"" . viacode(ord $deprecated_aliases{$name}) . "\" instead"); $utf8 = $deprecated_aliases{$name}; } my @off; if (! defined $utf8) { # See if has looked this input up earlier. if ($^H{charnames_full} && exists $full_names_cache{$name}) { $utf8 = $full_names_cache{$name}; } else { ## Suck in the code/name list as a big string. ## Lines look like: ## "00052\tLATIN CAPITAL LETTER R\n" # or # "0052 0303\tLATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TILDE\n" $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt; ## @off will hold the index into the code/name string of the start and ## end of the name as we find it. ## If :full, look for the name exactly; runtime implies full my $found_full_in_table = 0; # Tells us if can cache the result if ($^H{charnames_full}) { # See if the name is one which is algorithmically determinable. # The subroutine is included in Name.pl. The table contained in # $txt doesn't contain these. Experiments show that checking # for these before checking for the regular names has no # noticeable impact on performance for the regular names, but # the other way around slows down finding these immensely. # Algorithmically determinables are not placed in the cache (that # $found_full_in_table indicates) because that uses up memory, # and finding these again is fast. if (defined (my $ord = name_to_code_point_special($name))) { $utf8 = pack("U", $ord); } else { # Not algorthmically determinable; look up in the table. if ($txt =~ /\t\Q$name\E$/m) { @off = ($-[0] + 1, $+[0]); # The 1 is for the tab $found_full_in_table = 1; } } } # If we didn't get it above, keep looking if (! $found_full_in_table && ! defined $utf8) { # If :short is allowed, see if input is like "greek:Sigma". my $scripts_trie; if (($^H{charnames_short}) && $name =~ /^ \s* (.+?) \s* : \s* (.+?) \s* $ /xs) { $scripts_trie = "\U\Q$1"; $name = $2; } else { # Otherwise look in allowed scripts $scripts_trie = $^H{charnames_scripts}; } my $case = $name =~ /[[:upper:]]/ ? "CAPITAL" : "SMALL"; if ($txt !~ /\t (?: $scripts_trie ) \ (?:$case\ )? LETTER \ \U\Q$name\E $/xm) { # Here we still don't have it, give up. return if $runtime; # May have zapped input name, get it again. $name = (defined $save_input) ? $save_input : $_[0]; carp "Unknown charname '$name'"; return ($wants_ord) ? 0xFFFD : pack("U", 0xFFFD); } @off = ($-[0] + 1, $+[0]); # The 1 is for the tab } if (! defined $utf8) { # Here, we haven't set up the output, but we know where in the string # the name starts. The string is set up so that for single characters # (and not named sequences), the name is preceeded immediately by a # tab and 5 hex digits for its code, with a \n before those. Named # sequences won't have the 7th preceeding character be a \n. # (Actually, for the very first entry in the table this isn't strictly # true: subtracting 7 will yield -1, and the substr below will # therefore yield the very last character in the table, which should # also be a \n, so the statement works anyway.) if (substr($txt, $off[0] - 7, 1) eq "\n") { $utf8 = pack("U", CORE::hex substr($txt, $off[0] - 6, 5)); } else { # Here, is a named sequence. Need to go looking for the beginning, # which is just after the \n from the previous entry in the table. # The +1 skips past that newline, or, if the rindex() fails, to put # us to an offset of zero. my $charstart = rindex($txt, "\n", $off[0] - 7) + 1; $utf8 = pack("U*", map { CORE::hex } split " ", substr($txt, $charstart, $off[0] - $charstart - 1)); } } # Cache the input so as to not have to search the large table # again, but only if it came from the one search that we cache. $full_names_cache{$name} = $utf8 if $found_full_in_table; } } # Here, have the utf8. If the return is to be an ord, must be any single # character. if ($wants_ord) { return ord($utf8) if length $utf8 == 1; } else { # Here, wants string output. If utf8 is acceptable, just return what # we've got; otherwise attempt to convert it to non-utf8 and return that. my $in_bytes = ($runtime) ? (caller $runtime)[8] & $bytes::hint_bits : $^H & $bytes::hint_bits; return $utf8 if (! $in_bytes || utf8::downgrade($utf8, 1)) # The 1 arg # means don't die on failure } # Here, there is an error: either there are too many characters, or the # result string needs to be non-utf8, and at least one character requires # utf8. Prefer any official name over the input one for the error message. if (@off) { $name = substr($txt, $off[0], $off[1] - $off[0]) if @off; } else { $name = (defined $save_input) ? $save_input : $_[0]; } if ($wants_ord) { # Only way to get here in this case is if result too long. Message # assumes that our only caller that requires single char result is # vianame. carp "charnames::vianame() doesn't handle named sequences ($name). Use charnames::string_vianame() instead"; return; } # Only other possible failure here is from use bytes. if ($runtime) { carp not_legal_use_bytes_msg($name, $utf8); return; } else { croak not_legal_use_bytes_msg($name, $utf8); } } # lookup_name sub charnames { # For \N{...}. Looks up the character name and returns the string # representation of it. # The first 0 arg means wants a string returned; the second that we are in # compile time return lookup_name($_[0], 0, 0); } sub import { shift; ## ignore class name if (not @_) { carp("`use charnames' needs explicit imports list"); } $^H{charnames} = \&charnames ; $^H{charnames_ord_aliases} = {}; $^H{charnames_name_aliases} = {}; $^H{charnames_inverse_ords} = {}; # New fields must be added to %dummy_H, and the code in lookup_name() # that copies fields from the runtime structure ## ## fill %h keys with our @_ args. ## my ($promote, %h, @args) = (0); while (my $arg = shift) { if ($arg eq ":alias") { @_ or croak ":alias needs an argument in charnames"; my $alias = shift; if (ref $alias) { ref $alias eq "HASH" or croak "Only HASH reference supported as argument to :alias"; alias ($alias); next; } if ($alias =~ m{:(\w+)$}) { $1 eq "full" || $1 eq "short" and croak ":alias cannot use existing pragma :$1 (reversed order?)"; alias_file ($1) and $promote = 1; next; } alias_file ($alias); next; } if (substr($arg, 0, 1) eq ':' and ! ($arg eq ":full" || $arg eq ":short")) { warn "unsupported special '$arg' in charnames"; next; } push @args, $arg; } @args == 0 && $promote and @args = (":full"); @h{@args} = (1) x @args; $^H{charnames_full} = delete $h{':full'} || 0; # Don't leave undefined, # as tested for in # lookup_names $^H{charnames_short} = delete $h{':short'} || 0; my @scripts = map uc, keys %h; ## ## If utf8? warnings are enabled, and some scripts were given, ## see if at least we can find one letter from each script. ## if (warnings::enabled('utf8') && @scripts) { $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt; for my $script (@scripts) { if (not $txt =~ m/\t$script (?:CAPITAL |SMALL )?LETTER /) { warnings::warn('utf8', "No such script: '$script'"); $script = quotemeta $script; # Escape it, for use in the re. } } } # %^H gets stringified, so serialize it ourselves so can extract the # real data back later. $^H{charnames_stringified_ords} = join ",", %{$^H{charnames_ord_aliases}}; $^H{charnames_stringified_names} = join ",", %{$^H{charnames_name_aliases}}; $^H{charnames_stringified_inverse_ords} = join ",", %{$^H{charnames_inverse_ords}}; $^H{charnames_scripts} = join "|", @scripts; # Stringifiy them as a trie } # import # Cache of already looked-up values. This is set to only contain # official values, and user aliases can't override them, so scoping is # not an issue. my %viacode; sub viacode { # Returns the name of the code point argument if (@_ != 1) { carp "charnames::viacode() expects one argument"; return; } my $arg = shift; # This is derived from Unicode::UCD, where it is nearly the same as the # function _getcode(), but here it makes sure that even a hex argument # has the proper number of leading zeros, which is critical in # matching against $txt below # Must check if decimal first; see comments at that definition my $hex; if ($arg =~ $decimal_qr) { $hex = sprintf "%05X", $arg; } elsif ($arg =~ $hex_qr) { # Below is the line that differs from the _getcode() source $hex = sprintf "%05X", hex $1; } else { carp("unexpected arg \"$arg\" to charnames::viacode()"); return; } return $viacode{$hex} if exists $viacode{$hex}; # If the code point is above the max in the table, there's no point # looking through it. Checking the length first is slightly faster if (length($hex) <= 5 || CORE::hex($hex) <= 0x10FFFF) { $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt; # See if the name is algorithmically determinable. my $algorithmic = code_point_to_name_special(CORE::hex $hex); if (defined $algorithmic) { $viacode{$hex} = $algorithmic; return $algorithmic; } # Return the official name, if exists. It's unclear to me (khw) at # this juncture if it is better to return a user-defined override, so # leaving it as is for now. if ($txt =~ m/^$hex\t/m) { # The name starts with the next character and goes up to the # next new-line. Using capturing parentheses above instead of # @+ more than doubles the execution time in Perl 5.13 $viacode{$hex} = substr($txt, $+[0], index($txt, "\n", $+[0]) - $+[0]); return $viacode{$hex}; } } # See if there is a user name for it, before giving up completely. # First get the scoped aliases, give up if have none. my $H_ref = (caller(0))[10]; return if ! defined $H_ref || ! exists $H_ref->{charnames_stringified_inverse_ords}; my %code_point_aliases = split ',', $H_ref->{charnames_stringified_inverse_ords}; if (! exists $code_point_aliases{$hex}) { if (CORE::hex($hex) > 0x10FFFF) { carp "Unicode characters only allocated up to U+10FFFF (you asked for U+$hex)"; } return; } return $code_point_aliases{$hex}; } # viacode sub vianame { if (@_ != 1) { carp "charnames::vianame() expects one name argument"; return () } # Looks up the character name and returns its ordinal if # found, undef otherwise. my $arg = shift; if ($arg =~ /^U\+([0-9a-fA-F]+)$/) { # khw claims that this is poor interface design. The function should # return either a an ord or a chr for all inputs; not be bipolar. But # can't change it because of backward compatibility. New code can use # string_vianame() instead. my $ord = CORE::hex $1; return chr $ord if $ord <= 255 || ! ((caller 0)[8] & $bytes::hint_bits); carp not_legal_use_bytes_msg($arg, chr $ord); return; } # The first 1 arg means wants an ord returned; the second that we are in # runtime, and this is the first level routine called from the user return lookup_name($arg, 1, 1); } # vianame sub string_vianame { # Looks up the character name and returns its string representation if # found, undef otherwise. if (@_ != 1) { carp "charnames::string_vianame() expects one name argument"; return; } my $arg = shift; if ($arg =~ /^U\+([0-9a-fA-F]+)$/) { my $ord = CORE::hex $1; return chr $ord if $ord <= 255 || ! ((caller 0)[8] & $bytes::hint_bits); carp not_legal_use_bytes_msg($arg, chr $ord); return; } # The 0 arg means wants a string returned; the 1 arg means that we are in # runtime, and this is the first level routine called from the user return lookup_name($arg, 0, 1); } # string_vianame 1; __END__ =head1 NAME charnames - access to Unicode character names and named character sequences; also define character names =head1 SYNOPSIS use charnames ':full'; print "\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA} is called sigma.\n"; print "\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH VERTICAL LINE BELOW}", " is an officially named sequence of two Unicode characters\n"; use charnames ':short'; print "\N{greek:Sigma} is an upper-case sigma.\n"; use charnames qw(cyrillic greek); print "\N{sigma} is Greek sigma, and \N{be} is Cyrillic b.\n"; use charnames ":full", ":alias" => { e_ACUTE => "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE", mychar => 0xE8000, # Private use area }; print "\N{e_ACUTE} is a small letter e with an acute.\n"; print "\\N{mychar} allows me to name private use characters.\n"; use charnames (); print charnames::viacode(0x1234); # prints "ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEE" printf "%04X", charnames::vianame("GOTHIC LETTER AHSA"); # prints # "10330" print charnames::vianame("LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A"); # prints 65 on # ASCII platforms; # 193 on EBCDIC print charnames::string_vianame("LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A"); # prints "A" =head1 DESCRIPTION Pragma C is used to gain access to the names of the Unicode characters and named character sequences, and to allow you to define your own character and character sequence names. All forms of the pragma enable use of the following 3 functions: =over =item * L)> for run-time lookup of a either a character name or a named character sequence, returning its string representation =item * L)> for run-time lookup of a character name (but not a named character sequence) to get its ordinal value (code point) =item * L)> for run-time lookup of a code point to get its Unicode name. =back All forms other than C> also enable the use of C<\N{I}> sequences to compile a Unicode character into a string, based on its name. Note that C<\N{U+I<...>}>, where the I<...> is a hexadecimal number, also inserts a character into a string, but doesn't require the use of this pragma. The character it inserts is the one whose code point (ordinal value) is equal to the number. For example, C<"\N{U+263a}"> is the Unicode (white background, black foreground) smiley face; it doesn't require this pragma, whereas the equivalent, C<"\N{WHITE SMILING FACE}"> does. Also, C<\N{I<...>}> can mean a regex quantifier instead of a character name, when the I<...> is a number (or comma separated pair of numbers (see L), and is not related to this pragma. The C pragma supports arguments C<:full>, C<:short>, script names and customized aliases. If C<:full> is present, for expansion of C<\N{I}>, the string I is first looked up in the list of standard Unicode character names. If C<:short> is present, and I has the form C:I>, then I is looked up as a letter in script I