3 # We require DynaLoader to make sure that mod2fname is loaded
4 eval { require DynaLoader };
6 1 while unlink "XSLoader.pm";
7 open OUT, ">XSLoader.pm" or die $!;
9 # Generated from XSLoader.pm.PL (resolved %Config::Config value)
10 # This file is unique for every OS
22 # dlutils.c before 5.006 has this:
25 # dl_debug = SvIV( perl_get_sv("DynaLoader::dl_debug", 0x04) );
28 # where 0x04 is GV_ADDWARN, which causes a warning to be issued by the call
29 # into XS below, if DynaLoader.pm hasn't been loaded.
30 # It was changed to 0 in the commit(s) that added XSLoader to the core
31 # (9cf41c4d23a47c8b and its parent 9426adcd48655815)
32 # Hence to backport XSLoader to work silently with earlier DynaLoaders we need
33 # to ensure that the variable exists:
35 print OUT <<'EOT' if $] < 5.006;
37 # enable debug/trace messages from DynaLoader perl code
38 $dl_debug = $ENV{PERL_DL_DEBUG} || 0 unless defined $dl_debug;
43 # No prizes for guessing why we don't say 'bootstrap DynaLoader;' here.
44 # NOTE: All dl_*.xs (including dl_none.xs) define a dl_error() XSUB
45 boot_DynaLoader('DynaLoader') if defined(&boot_DynaLoader) &&
52 my ($caller, $modlibname) = caller();
61 # work with static linking too
62 my $boots = "$module\::bootstrap";
63 goto &$boots if defined &$boots;
65 goto \&XSLoader::bootstrap_inherit unless $module and defined &dl_load_file;
67 my @modparts = split(/::/,$module);
68 my $modfname = $modparts[-1];
72 # defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname catches most cases, except when
73 # cross-compiling to a system that defines mod2fname. Using
74 # $Config{d_libname_unique} is a best attempt at catching those cases.
75 print OUT <<'EOT' if defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname || $Config{d_libname_unique};
76 # Some systems have restrictions on files names for DLL's etc.
77 # mod2fname returns appropriate file base name (typically truncated)
78 # It may also edit @modparts if required.
79 $modfname = &DynaLoader::mod2fname(\@modparts) if defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname;
83 print OUT <<'EOT' if $^O eq 'os2';
85 # os2 static build can dynaload, but cannot dynaload Perl modules...
86 die 'Dynaloaded Perl modules are not available in this build of Perl' if $OS2::is_static;
91 my $modpname = join('/',@modparts);
92 my $c = () = split(/::/,$caller,-1);
93 $modlibname =~ s,[\\/][^\\/]+$,, while $c--; # Q&D basename
96 my $dl_dlext = quotemeta($Config::Config{'dlext'});
99 my \$file = "\$modlibname/auto/\$modpname/\$modfname.$dl_dlext";
104 # print STDERR "XSLoader::load for $module ($file)\n" if $dl_debug;
107 $bs =~ s/(\.\w+)?(;\d*)?$/\.bs/; # look for .bs 'beside' the library
109 if (-s $bs) { # only read file if it's not empty
110 # print STDERR "BS: $bs ($^O, $dlsrc)\n" if $dl_debug;
112 warn "$bs: $@\n" if $@;
113 goto \&XSLoader::bootstrap_inherit;
116 goto \&XSLoader::bootstrap_inherit if not -f $file;
118 my $bootname = "boot_$module";
119 $bootname =~ s/\W/_/g;
120 @DynaLoader::dl_require_symbols = ($bootname);
126 if ($^O eq 'darwin') {
128 if ($boot_symbol_ref = dl_find_symbol(0, $bootname)) {
129 goto boot; #extension library has already been loaded, e.g. darwin
135 # Many dynamic extension loading problems will appear to come from
136 # this section of code: XYZ failed at line 123 of DynaLoader.pm.
137 # Often these errors are actually occurring in the initialisation
138 # C code of the extension XS file. Perl reports the error as being
139 # in this perl code simply because this was the last perl code
142 my $libref = dl_load_file($file, 0) or do {
144 Carp::croak("Can't load '$file' for module $module: " . dl_error());
146 push(@DynaLoader::dl_librefs,$libref); # record loaded object
149 my $dlsrc = $Config{dlsrc};
150 if ($dlsrc eq 'dl_freemint.xs' || $dlsrc eq 'dl_dld.xs') {
152 my @unresolved = dl_undef_symbols();
155 Carp::carp("Undefined symbols present after loading $file: @unresolved\n");
162 $boot_symbol_ref = dl_find_symbol($libref, $bootname) or do {
164 Carp::croak("Can't find '$bootname' symbol in $file\n");
167 push(@DynaLoader::dl_modules, $module); # record loaded module
170 my $xs = dl_install_xsub($boots, $boot_symbol_ref, $file);
172 # See comment block above
173 push(@DynaLoader::dl_shared_objects, $file); # record files loaded
178 # Can't test with DynaLoader->can('bootstrap_inherit') when building in the
179 # core, as XSLoader gets built before DynaLoader.
184 sub bootstrap_inherit {
186 goto \&DynaLoader::bootstrap_inherit;
193 sub bootstrap_inherit {
194 # Versions of DynaLoader prior to 5.6.0 don't have bootstrap_inherit.
198 local *DynaLoader::isa = *{"$module\::ISA"};
199 local @DynaLoader::isa = (@DynaLoader::isa, 'DynaLoader');
200 # Cannot goto due to delocalization. Will report errors on a wrong line?
202 DynaLoader::bootstrap(@_);
216 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
231 This module defines a standard I<simplified> interface to the dynamic
232 linking mechanisms available on many platforms. Its primary purpose is
233 to implement cheap automatic dynamic loading of Perl modules.
235 For a more complicated interface, see L<DynaLoader>. Many (most)
236 features of C<DynaLoader> are not implemented in C<XSLoader>, like for
237 example the C<dl_load_flags>, not honored by C<XSLoader>.
239 =head2 Migration from C<DynaLoader>
241 A typical module using L<DynaLoader|DynaLoader> starts like this:
246 our @ISA = qw( OnePackage OtherPackage DynaLoader );
247 our $VERSION = '0.01';
248 bootstrap YourPackage $VERSION;
255 our @ISA = qw( OnePackage OtherPackage );
256 our $VERSION = '0.01';
257 XSLoader::load 'YourPackage', $VERSION;
259 In other words: replace C<require DynaLoader> by C<use XSLoader>, remove
260 C<DynaLoader> from C<@ISA>, change C<bootstrap> by C<XSLoader::load>. Do not
261 forget to quote the name of your package on the C<XSLoader::load> line,
262 and add comma (C<,>) before the arguments (C<$VERSION> above).
264 Of course, if C<@ISA> contained only C<DynaLoader>, there is no need to have
265 the C<@ISA> assignment at all; moreover, if instead of C<our> one uses the
266 more backward-compatible
268 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);
270 one can remove this reference to C<@ISA> together with the C<@ISA> assignment.
272 If no C<$VERSION> was specified on the C<bootstrap> line, the last line becomes
274 XSLoader::load 'YourPackage';
276 If the call to C<load> is from C<YourPackage>, then that can be further
281 as C<load> will use C<caller> to determine the package.
283 =head2 Backward compatible boilerplate
285 If you want to have your cake and eat it too, you need a more complicated
289 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);
291 @ISA = qw( OnePackage OtherPackage );
295 XSLoader::load('YourPackage', $VERSION);
299 push @ISA, 'DynaLoader';
300 bootstrap YourPackage $VERSION;
303 The parentheses about C<XSLoader::load()> arguments are needed since we replaced
304 C<use XSLoader> by C<require>, so the compiler does not know that a function
305 C<XSLoader::load()> is present.
307 This boilerplate uses the low-overhead C<XSLoader> if present; if used with
308 an antique Perl which has no C<XSLoader>, it falls back to using C<DynaLoader>.
310 =head1 Order of initialization: early load()
312 I<Skip this section if the XSUB functions are supposed to be called from other
313 modules only; read it only if you call your XSUBs from the code in your module,
314 or have a C<BOOT:> section in your XS file (see L<perlxs/"The BOOT: Keyword">).
315 What is described here is equally applicable to the L<DynaLoader|DynaLoader>
318 A sufficiently complicated module using XS would have both Perl code (defined
319 in F<YourPackage.pm>) and XS code (defined in F<YourPackage.xs>). If this
320 Perl code makes calls into this XS code, and/or this XS code makes calls to
321 the Perl code, one should be careful with the order of initialization.
323 The call to C<XSLoader::load()> (or C<bootstrap()>) calls the module's
324 bootstrap code. For modules build by F<xsubpp> (nearly all modules) this
325 has three side effects:
331 A sanity check is done to ensure that the versions of the F<.pm> and the
332 (compiled) F<.xs> parts are compatible. If C<$VERSION> was specified, this
333 is used for the check. If not specified, it defaults to
334 C<$XS_VERSION // $VERSION> (in the module's namespace)
338 the XSUBs are made accessible from Perl
342 if a C<BOOT:> section was present in the F<.xs> file, the code there is called.
346 Consequently, if the code in the F<.pm> file makes calls to these XSUBs, it is
347 convenient to have XSUBs installed before the Perl code is defined; for
348 example, this makes prototypes for XSUBs visible to this Perl code.
349 Alternatively, if the C<BOOT:> section makes calls to Perl functions (or
350 uses Perl variables) defined in the F<.pm> file, they must be defined prior to
351 the call to C<XSLoader::load()> (or C<bootstrap()>).
353 The first situation being much more frequent, it makes sense to rewrite the
358 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);
361 @ISA = qw( OnePackage OtherPackage );
364 # Put Perl code used in the BOOT: section here
366 XSLoader::load 'YourPackage', $VERSION;
369 # Put Perl code making calls into XSUBs here
371 =head2 The most hairy case
373 If the interdependence of your C<BOOT:> section and Perl code is
374 more complicated than this (e.g., the C<BOOT:> section makes calls to Perl
375 functions which make calls to XSUBs with prototypes), get rid of the C<BOOT:>
376 section altogether. Replace it with a function C<onBOOT()>, and call it like
381 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);
384 @ISA = qw( OnePackage OtherPackage );
386 XSLoader::load 'YourPackage', $VERSION;
389 # Put Perl code used in onBOOT() function here; calls to XSUBs are
394 # Put Perl initialization code assuming that XS is initialized here
401 =item C<Can't find '%s' symbol in %s>
403 B<(F)> The bootstrap symbol could not be found in the extension module.
405 =item C<Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s>
407 B<(F)> The loading or initialisation of the extension module failed.
408 The detailed error follows.
410 =item C<Undefined symbols present after loading %s: %s>
412 B<(W)> As the message says, some symbols stay undefined although the
413 extension module was correctly loaded and initialised. The list of undefined
420 To reduce the overhead as much as possible, only one possible location
421 is checked to find the extension DLL (this location is where C<make install>
422 would put the DLL). If not found, the search for the DLL is transparently
423 delegated to C<DynaLoader>, which looks for the DLL along the C<@INC> list.
425 In particular, this is applicable to the structure of C<@INC> used for testing
426 not-yet-installed extensions. This means that running uninstalled extensions
427 may have much more overhead than running the same extensions after
433 The new simpler way to call C<XSLoader::load()> with no arguments at all
434 does not work on Perl 5.8.4 and 5.8.5.
439 Please report any bugs or feature requests via the perlbug(1) utility.
449 Ilya Zakharevich originally extracted C<XSLoader> from C<DynaLoader>.
451 CPAN version is currently maintained by SE<eacute>bastien Aperghis-Tramoni
452 E<lt>sebastien@aperghis.netE<gt>.
454 Previous maintainer was Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com>.
457 =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
459 Copyright (C) 1990-2011 by Larry Wall and others.
461 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
462 it under the same terms as Perl itself.