3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
23 * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
24 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
25 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
27 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
28 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
32 /* Make the parser re-entrant. */
39 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
40 must always be 1st union member) */
46 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
48 %token <ival> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '@' '%' '&' '=' '.'
50 %token <opval> BAREWORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
51 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
52 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
54 %token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
55 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
56 %token <ival> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
57 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
58 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
59 %token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
60 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
61 %token <ival> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
62 %token <ival> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
64 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
65 %type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
69 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
70 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
71 %type <opval> sliceme kvslice gelem
72 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr
73 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr optrepl indirob listop method
74 %type <opval> formname subname proto optsubbody cont my_scalar my_var
75 %type <opval> refgen_topic formblock
76 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
77 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
78 %type <ival> sigslurpsigil
79 %type <opval> sigvarname sigdefault sigscalarelem sigslurpelem
80 %type <opval> sigelem siglist siglistornull subsignature
81 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
83 %nonassoc <ival> PREC_LOW
86 %left <ival> OROP DOROP
89 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
91 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
94 %left <ival> OROR DORDOR
100 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
106 %right <ival> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
108 %nonassoc <ival> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC POSTJOIN
116 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
119 parser->expect = XSTATE;
124 newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
125 PL_compiling.cop_seq = 0;
130 parser->expect = XTERM;
140 parser->expect = XBLOCK;
145 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
149 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
153 parser->expect = XSTATE;
158 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
162 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
166 parser->expect = XSTATE;
171 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
175 parser->yychar = yytoken = YYEOF;
179 parser->expect = XSTATE;
189 /* An ordinary block */
190 block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
191 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
192 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
193 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
198 formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
199 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
200 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
201 $$ = block_end($2, $5);
205 remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
206 { $$ = block_start(TRUE);
207 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
210 mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
211 { if (parser->copline > (line_t)$1)
212 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
213 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
217 mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
218 { $$ = block_start(FALSE);
219 parser->parsed_sub = 0; }
222 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
226 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
227 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
229 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
233 /* A sequence of format lines */
234 formstmtseq: /* NULL */
236 | formstmtseq formline
237 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
238 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
240 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
244 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
247 $$ = $1 ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1) : NULL;
253 labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
255 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
259 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8 * $1[strlen($1)+1], $1, $2);
263 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
266 | FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
268 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
271 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
272 pad_add_weakref(fmtcv);
274 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
276 | SUB subname startsub
278 if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
279 const char *const name =
280 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
281 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
282 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
283 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
284 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
287 /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
288 clonable themselves. */
289 if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
290 || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
291 || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
294 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
296 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
298 proto subattrlist optsubbody
300 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
301 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
302 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
303 : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
307 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
309 | SUB subname startsub
311 if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
312 const char *const name =
313 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
314 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
315 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
316 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
317 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
320 /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
321 clonable themselves. */
322 if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
323 || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
324 || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
327 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
329 parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
331 remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}'
334 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$8)
335 parser->copline = (line_t)$8;
337 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $6, $9));
339 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
340 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
341 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
342 : newMYSUB($3, $2, NULL, $7, body)
346 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
348 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD ';'
356 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
357 BAREWORD BAREWORD optlistexpr ';'
359 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
360 utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6);
361 parser->parsed_sub = 1;
364 | IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
367 newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
368 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
370 | UNLESS '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
373 newCONDOP(0, $4, $7, op_scope($6)));
374 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
376 | GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
378 $$ = block_end($3, newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6), 0));
379 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
381 | WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
382 { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
384 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
385 | WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
388 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
390 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
392 | UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
395 newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
397 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
399 | FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';'
400 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
402 { parser->expect = XTERM; }
407 OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
408 scalar($7), $13, $11, $10);
410 forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
411 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
412 newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
415 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
416 $$ = block_end($3, forop);
417 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
419 | FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
421 $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
422 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
424 | FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
426 $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
427 op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
428 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
430 | FOR my_refgen remember my_var
431 { parser->in_my = 0; $<opval>$ = my($4); }
432 '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
438 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
443 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
445 | FOR REFGEN refgen_topic '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
447 $$ = block_end($5, newFOROP(
448 0, op_lvalue(newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
450 OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
451 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
453 | FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
456 newFOROP(0, NULL, $4, $6, $7));
457 parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
461 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
462 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
465 | PACKAGE BAREWORD BAREWORD '{' remember
474 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
475 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, NULL,
476 NULL, block_end($5, $7), NULL, 0);
477 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$4)
478 parser->copline = (line_t)$4;
486 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
487 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
492 parser->copline = NOLINE;
497 formline: THING formarg
501 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
506 if (parser->copline == NOLINE)
507 parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
508 else parser->copline--;
509 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
510 op_convert_list(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
516 | FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
517 { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
520 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
526 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
528 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
530 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
532 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1); }
534 { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, $3, $1, NULL);
535 parser->copline = (line_t)$2; }
537 { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
540 /* else and elsif blocks */
545 ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
548 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
549 { parser->copline = (line_t)$1;
551 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
553 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
557 /* Continue blocks */
561 { $$ = op_scope($2); }
564 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
566 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
567 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
570 /* Normal expression */
576 /* Boolean expression */
577 texpr : /* NULL means true */
579 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
580 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
584 /* Inverted boolean expression */
586 { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
589 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
591 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
595 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
598 formname: BAREWORD { $$ = $1; }
599 | /* NULL */ { $$ = NULL; }
602 startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
603 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
604 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
608 startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
609 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
610 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
613 startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
614 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
615 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
618 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
623 /* Subroutine prototype */
629 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
630 subattrlist: /* NULL */
638 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
639 myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
647 /* --------------------------------------
648 * subroutine signature parsing
651 /* the '' or 'foo' part of a '$' or '@foo' etc signature variable */
652 sigvarname: /* NULL */
653 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = NULL; }
655 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = $1; }
664 /* @, %, @foo, %foo */
665 sigslurpelem: sigslurpsigil sigvarname sigdefault/* def only to catch errors */
671 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
672 yyerror("Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed");
673 parser->sig_slurpy = (char)sigil;
676 yyerror("A slurpy parameter may not have "
679 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
683 /* default part of sub signature scalar element: i.e. '= default_expr' */
684 sigdefault: /* NULL */
687 { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL, 0); }
692 /* subroutine signature scalar element: e.g. '$x', '$=', '$x = $default' */
694 '$' sigvarname sigdefault
699 if (parser->sig_slurpy)
700 yyerror("Slurpy parameter not last");
705 parser->sig_optelems++;
707 if ( defexpr->op_type == OP_NULL
708 && !(defexpr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
710 /* handle '$=' special case */
712 yyerror("Optional parameter "
713 "lacks default expression");
717 /* a normal '=default' expression */
718 OP *defop = (OP*)alloc_LOGOP(OP_ARGDEFELEM,
721 /* re-purpose op_targ to hold @_ index */
723 (PADOFFSET)(parser->sig_elems - 1);
726 var->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
727 (void)op_sibling_splice(var,
732 var = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, defop);
735 /* NB: normally the first child of a
736 * logop is executed before the logop,
737 * and it pushes a boolean result
738 * ready for the logop. For ARGDEFELEM,
739 * the op itself does the boolean
740 * calculation, so set the first op to
743 var->op_next = defop;
744 defexpr->op_next = var;
748 if (parser->sig_optelems)
749 yyerror("Mandatory parameter "
750 "follows optional parameter");
753 $$ = var ? newSTATEOP(0, NULL, var) : NULL;
758 /* subroutine signature element: e.g. '$x = $default' or '%h' */
759 sigelem: sigscalarelem
760 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
762 { parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar; $$ = $1; }
765 /* list of subroutine signature elements */
769 | siglist ',' sigelem
771 $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $3);
773 | sigelem %prec PREC_LOW
778 siglistornull: /* NULL */
783 /* Subroutine signature */
787 SAVEIV(parser->sig_elems);
788 SAVEIV(parser->sig_optelems);
789 SAVEI8(parser->sig_slurpy);
790 parser->sig_elems = 0;
791 parser->sig_optelems = 0;
792 parser->sig_slurpy = 0;
793 parser->in_my = KEY_sigvar;
802 if (!parser->error_count) {
803 assert(FEATURE_SIGNATURES_IS_ENABLED);
806 /* We shouldn't get here otherwise */
807 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_
808 packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__SIGNATURES),
809 "The signatures feature is experimental");
811 aux = (UNOP_AUX_item*)PerlMemShared_malloc(
812 sizeof(UNOP_AUX_item) * 3);
813 aux[0].iv = parser->sig_elems;
814 aux[1].iv = parser->sig_optelems;
815 aux[2].iv = parser->sig_slurpy;
816 check = newUNOP_AUX(OP_ARGCHECK, 0, NULL, aux);
817 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, check, sigops);
818 sigops = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
819 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL),
821 /* a nextstate at the end handles context
822 * correctly for an empty sub body */
823 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
825 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, NULL));
828 parser->expect = XATTRBLOCK;
835 /* Optional subroutine body, for named subroutine declaration */
840 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
841 expr : expr ANDOP expr
842 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
844 { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
846 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
847 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
850 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
851 listexpr: listexpr ','
856 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
858 | term %prec PREC_LOW
862 listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
863 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
864 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) );
866 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
867 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, OPf_STACKED,
868 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) );
870 | term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
871 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
872 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
873 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
874 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
876 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
877 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
878 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
879 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
881 | METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
882 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
883 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
884 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
885 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
887 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
888 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
889 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
890 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
891 newMETHOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
893 | LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
894 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $2); }
895 | FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
896 { $$ = op_convert_list($1, 0, $3); }
897 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
898 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
899 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, NULL, $3); }
900 optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
901 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
902 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
903 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
907 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
912 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
913 subscripted: gelem '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
914 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
915 * provided by the tokeniser */
916 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
917 | scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
918 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
920 | term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
921 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
922 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
925 | subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
926 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
927 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
930 | scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
931 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
933 | term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
934 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
935 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
937 | subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
938 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
939 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
941 | term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
942 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
943 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
944 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
945 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
947 | term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
948 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
949 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
950 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
951 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
952 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
955 | subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
956 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
957 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
958 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
959 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
960 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
962 | subscripted '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
963 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
964 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
965 if (parser->expect == XBLOCK)
966 parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
968 | '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']' /* list slice */
969 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
970 | QWLIST '[' expr ']' /* list literal slice */
971 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1); }
972 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
973 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, NULL); }
976 /* Binary operators between terms */
977 termbinop: term ASSIGNOP term /* $x = $y, $x += $y */
978 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
979 | term POWOP term /* $x ** $y */
980 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
981 | term MULOP term /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
982 { if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
984 $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3));
986 | term ADDOP term /* $x + $y */
987 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
988 | term SHIFTOP term /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
989 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
990 | term RELOP term /* $x > $y, etc. */
991 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
992 | term EQOP term /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
993 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
994 | term BITANDOP term /* $x & $y */
995 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
996 | term BITOROP term /* $x | $y */
997 { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
998 | term DOTDOT term /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
999 { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
1000 | term ANDAND term /* $x && $y */
1001 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
1002 | term OROR term /* $x || $y */
1003 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
1004 | term DORDOR term /* $x // $y */
1005 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
1006 | term MATCHOP term /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1007 { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
1010 /* Unary operators and terms */
1011 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
1012 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
1013 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
1016 | '!' term /* !$x */
1017 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1018 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1019 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, scalar($2)); }
1020 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1021 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1022 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
1023 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1024 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1025 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));}
1026 | term POSTJOIN /* implicit join after interpolated ->@ */
1027 { $$ = op_convert_list(OP_JOIN, 0,
1037 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1038 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1039 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
1040 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1041 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1042 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
1046 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1047 anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1048 { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
1050 { $$ = newANONLIST(NULL);}
1051 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1052 { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
1053 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1054 { $$ = newANONHASH(NULL); }
1055 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block %prec '('
1056 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1057 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
1058 | ANONSUB startanonsub remember subsignature subattrlist '{' stmtseq '}' %prec '('
1061 if (parser->copline > (line_t)$6)
1062 parser->copline = (line_t)$6;
1063 body = block_end($3,
1064 op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $4, $7));
1065 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1066 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, NULL, $5, body);
1071 /* Things called with "do" */
1072 termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1073 { $$ = dofile($2, $1);}
1074 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1075 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));}
1082 | term '?' term ':' term
1083 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
1084 | REFGEN term /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1085 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, $2); }
1087 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, localize($3,1)); }
1088 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1090 | LOCAL term %prec UNIOP
1091 { $$ = localize($2,0); }
1093 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1097 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1106 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1107 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1110 | sliceme '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1111 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1112 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1113 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1115 ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1118 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1120 | kvslice '[' expr ']' /* array key/value slice */
1121 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVASLICE,
1122 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1123 newLISTOP(OP_KVASLICE, 0,
1125 ref(oopsAV($1), OP_KVASLICE)));
1128 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1130 | sliceme '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1131 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1132 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1133 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1135 ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1138 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1140 | kvslice '{' expr ';' '}' /* %hash{@keys} */
1141 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_KVHSLICE,
1142 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1143 newLISTOP(OP_KVHSLICE, 0,
1145 ref($1, OP_KVHSLICE)));
1148 $1->op_private & OPpSLICEWARNING;
1153 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1154 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() or foo() */
1155 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1157 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1159 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1160 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1162 | NOAMP subname optlistexpr /* foo @args (no parens) */
1163 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1164 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1166 | term ARROW '$' '*'
1167 { $$ = newSVREF($1); }
1168 | term ARROW '@' '*'
1169 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1170 | term ARROW '%' '*'
1171 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1172 | term ARROW '&' '*'
1173 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
1174 scalar(newCVREF($3,$1))); }
1175 | term ARROW '*' '*' %prec '('
1176 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1177 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1178 { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
1179 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
1181 { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
1182 | NOTOP listexpr /* not $foo */
1183 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
1184 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1185 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1186 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1187 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1188 | UNIOP term /* Unary op */
1189 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
1190 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1191 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1192 | REQUIRE term /* require Foo */
1193 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1195 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1196 | UNIOPSUB term /* Sub treated as unop */
1197 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1198 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1199 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1200 { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
1202 { $$ = newOP($1, 0);}
1203 | FUNC0OP /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1207 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1208 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1209 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1210 { $$ = ($1 == OP_NOT)
1211 ? newUNOP($1, 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1212 : newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
1213 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1214 { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
1215 | PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1217 if ( $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1218 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1219 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1221 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1222 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1226 '(' listexpr optrepl ')'
1227 { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, $5, 1, $<ival>2); }
1233 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1234 myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1235 { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3); }
1237 { $$ = localize($2,1); }
1238 | MY REFGEN myterm myattrlist
1239 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, my_attrs($3,$4)); }
1242 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1243 myterm : '(' expr ')'
1244 { $$ = sawparens($2); }
1246 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
1256 /* Basic list expressions */
1257 optlistexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1259 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1275 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1278 { parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1286 refgen_topic: my_var
1290 my_refgen: MY REFGEN
1295 { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
1298 scalar : '$' indirob
1299 { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
1303 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1304 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1309 { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1310 if ($$) $$->op_private |= $1;
1314 arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1315 { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
1316 | term ARROW DOLSHARP '*'
1317 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1321 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
1326 { $$ = newAVREF($1); }
1331 { $$ = newHVREF($1); }
1336 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$1); }
1339 /* Indirect objects */
1341 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1342 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1343 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1345 { $$ = op_scope($1); }