4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
107 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
108 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
111 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
113 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
114 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
115 # include <sys/mman.h>
118 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
119 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
123 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
127 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
128 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
129 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
130 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
132 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
133 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
137 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
138 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
140 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
141 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
143 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
144 perror("mmap failed");
149 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
154 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
155 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
156 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
157 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
159 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
160 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
161 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
162 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
164 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
166 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
167 /* We remember this slab. */
168 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
169 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
170 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
171 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
174 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
175 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
177 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
178 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
179 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
180 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
181 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
182 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
185 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
187 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
188 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
189 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
190 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
192 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
193 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
194 and a warn handler has an eval */
199 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
203 void *const start = slabs[count];
204 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
205 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
206 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
207 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
215 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
217 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
218 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
220 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
222 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
223 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
225 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
226 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
227 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
232 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
243 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
245 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
250 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
254 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
256 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
257 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
258 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
259 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
260 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
263 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
265 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
268 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
269 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
270 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
273 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
275 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
276 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
277 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
279 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
280 PL_slab_count, count));
281 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
282 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
284 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
285 perror("munmap failed");
293 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
295 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
302 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
303 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
305 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
306 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
307 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
308 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
310 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
312 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
314 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
316 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
317 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
321 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
323 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
327 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
328 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
332 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
334 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
336 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
342 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
344 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS;
346 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
351 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
353 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS;
355 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
360 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE;
364 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
365 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
369 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
371 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
374 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
375 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
376 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
378 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
381 /* "register" allocation */
384 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
388 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
390 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
392 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
393 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
396 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
398 assert(strlen(name) == len);
400 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
404 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
405 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
407 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
408 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
409 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
410 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
411 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
413 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
414 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
418 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
420 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
421 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
422 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
423 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
424 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
426 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
427 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
431 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
432 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
434 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
435 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
440 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
441 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
444 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
446 if (o->op_latefree) {
454 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
456 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
462 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
469 if (o->op_latefreed) {
476 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
487 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
490 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
491 we maintain for reset(). */
492 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
502 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
503 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
507 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
508 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
509 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
510 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
515 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
519 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
520 * numbers etc even after null() */
521 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
522 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
523 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
524 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
529 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
532 if (o->op_latefree) {
538 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
545 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
553 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
558 switch (o->op_type) {
559 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
560 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
561 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
566 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
570 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
571 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
578 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
583 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
584 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
585 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
586 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
587 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
588 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
589 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
590 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
591 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
592 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
593 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
594 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
595 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
596 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
597 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
600 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
602 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
603 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
604 * may still exist on the pad */
605 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
606 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
609 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
610 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
613 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
616 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
620 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
623 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
624 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
627 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
628 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
629 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
630 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
633 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
642 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
647 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
649 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
650 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
651 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
654 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
655 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
659 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
660 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
664 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
668 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
669 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
670 * exist on the pad */
671 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
674 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
680 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
681 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
682 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
683 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
684 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
685 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
686 * happen before sv_clean_all
689 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
690 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
691 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
692 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
693 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
697 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
698 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
704 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
705 pad_free(o->op_targ);
711 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
713 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
717 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
718 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
719 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
723 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
729 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
731 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
733 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
734 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
736 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
737 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
742 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
743 array[i] = array[--count];
744 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
745 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
746 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
749 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
766 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
768 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
770 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
771 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
773 switch (kid->op_type) {
778 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
780 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
781 kid = kid->op_sibling;
787 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
791 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
793 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
797 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
798 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
799 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
803 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
811 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
818 /* Contextualizers */
821 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
823 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
824 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
825 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
832 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
834 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
836 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
837 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
838 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
847 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
849 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
850 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
851 not be called directly.
857 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
861 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
866 /* establish postfix order */
867 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
870 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
873 if (kid->op_sibling) {
874 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
875 kid = kid->op_sibling;
889 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
891 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
893 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
900 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
904 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
906 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
907 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
908 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
909 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
911 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
912 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
913 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
914 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
921 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
926 /* assumes no premature commitment */
927 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
928 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
929 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
934 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
936 switch (o->op_type) {
938 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
943 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
953 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
954 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
960 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
962 kid = kid->op_sibling;
965 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
966 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
972 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
977 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
980 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
987 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
991 const char* useless = NULL;
992 U32 useless_is_utf8 = 0;
996 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
998 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1000 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1002 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1005 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1006 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1007 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1013 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1014 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1015 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1016 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1017 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1019 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1020 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1021 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1022 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1023 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1028 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1029 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1031 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1034 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1036 switch (o->op_type) {
1038 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1042 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1046 if (o->op_private == 4)
1071 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1090 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1091 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1096 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1121 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1122 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1123 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1127 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1128 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1130 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1132 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1134 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1138 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1139 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1140 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1143 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1147 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1148 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1152 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1159 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1160 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1161 useless = "a variable";
1166 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1167 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1169 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1171 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1172 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1173 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1174 useless_is_utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1177 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1178 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1179 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1180 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1182 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1183 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1184 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1185 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1187 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1188 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1189 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1190 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1191 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1192 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1193 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1194 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1195 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1196 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1197 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1202 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1206 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1207 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1211 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1212 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1216 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1217 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1221 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1222 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1227 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1230 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1233 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1234 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1237 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1239 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1242 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1243 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1244 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1247 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1250 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1252 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1255 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1256 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1257 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1259 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1260 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1261 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1273 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1274 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1275 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1277 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1279 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1281 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1282 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1291 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1296 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1303 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1314 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1324 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1325 newSVpvn_flags(useless, strlen(useless),
1326 SVs_TEMP | ( useless_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 )));
1331 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1333 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1335 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1342 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1347 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1348 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1349 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1350 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1355 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1356 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1358 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1361 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1363 switch (o->op_type) {
1366 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1371 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1379 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1381 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1382 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1383 return gen_constant_list(o);
1390 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1392 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1395 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1396 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1402 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1406 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1413 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1417 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1419 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1420 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1423 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1424 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1428 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1430 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1431 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1432 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1435 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1440 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1442 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1444 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1445 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1451 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1453 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1454 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1455 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1456 the tree thread-safe.
1461 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1466 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1474 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1478 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1480 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1481 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1483 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1484 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1485 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1486 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1487 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1488 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1489 finalize_op(prop_op);
1496 switch (o->op_type) {
1499 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1503 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1504 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1506 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1507 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1508 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1509 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1510 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1511 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1512 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1513 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1514 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1515 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1522 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1523 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1524 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1525 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1526 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1527 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1528 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1529 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1536 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1537 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1541 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1542 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1543 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1544 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1545 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1546 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1547 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1548 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1550 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1551 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1552 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1553 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1554 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1556 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1557 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1558 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1559 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1560 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1561 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1562 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1564 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1565 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1566 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1569 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1570 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1571 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1572 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1573 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1575 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1586 const char *key = NULL;
1589 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1592 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1593 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1594 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1595 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1596 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1597 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1598 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1604 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1607 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1608 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1610 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1611 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1613 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1614 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1616 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1617 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1618 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1619 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1620 "in variable %s of type %s",
1621 key, SvPV_nolen_const(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1633 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1635 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1636 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1637 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1638 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1640 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1641 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1643 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1644 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1645 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1647 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1648 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1649 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1651 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1657 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1658 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1660 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1661 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1663 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1664 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1665 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1666 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1667 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1668 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1670 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1671 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1672 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1673 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1674 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1675 "in variable %s of type %s",
1676 key, SvPV_nolen(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1682 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1683 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1690 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1692 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1698 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1700 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1701 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1702 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1703 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1706 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1707 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1708 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1710 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1711 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1717 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1721 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1724 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1727 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1728 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1733 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1735 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1737 switch (o->op_type) {
1743 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1747 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1748 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1749 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1750 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1751 poses, so we need it clear. */
1752 o->op_private &= ~1;
1753 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1754 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1755 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1758 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1759 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1760 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1761 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1762 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1763 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1764 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1767 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1768 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1772 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1773 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1775 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1776 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1777 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1778 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1780 while (kid->op_sibling)
1781 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1782 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1783 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1787 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1788 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1789 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1790 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1792 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1793 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1794 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1795 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1799 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1809 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1810 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1811 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1812 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1814 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1815 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1817 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1818 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1820 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1834 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1843 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1850 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1851 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1856 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1857 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1858 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1862 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1864 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1868 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1869 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1875 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1878 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1879 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1880 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1884 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1888 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1897 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1904 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1905 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1906 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1907 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1909 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1910 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1914 if (!type) /* local() */
1915 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
1916 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
1925 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1929 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1935 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1936 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1937 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1938 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1939 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1940 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1941 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1946 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1947 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1948 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1949 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1950 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1951 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1961 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1962 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1967 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1969 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1971 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1972 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1978 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1979 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
1980 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
1981 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
1982 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1986 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1988 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1991 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1992 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1994 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1995 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
1998 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1999 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2001 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2002 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2003 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2006 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2007 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2008 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2013 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2014 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2017 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2018 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2019 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2024 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2026 assert(o || type != OP_SASSIGN);
2030 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2054 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2075 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2077 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2079 switch (o->op_type) {
2087 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2100 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2102 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2104 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2111 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2116 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2118 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2121 switch (o->op_type) {
2123 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2124 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2125 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2126 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2127 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2128 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2129 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2130 o->op_private &= ~1;
2132 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2133 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2134 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2136 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2142 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2143 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2146 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2147 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2148 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2151 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2152 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2153 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2155 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2162 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2165 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2166 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2167 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2173 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2178 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2180 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2184 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2185 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2186 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2187 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2189 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2199 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2201 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2211 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2216 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2218 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2219 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2220 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2222 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2223 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2225 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2229 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2231 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2232 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2233 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2234 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2235 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2242 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2247 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2249 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2250 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2251 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2253 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2254 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2257 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2258 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2259 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2260 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2262 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2263 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2266 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2267 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2269 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2270 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2271 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2272 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2274 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2280 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2283 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2286 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2291 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2292 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2293 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2295 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2296 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2298 /* Need package name for method call. */
2299 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2301 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2302 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2304 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2305 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2306 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2307 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2308 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2309 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2310 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2311 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2313 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2314 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2315 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2316 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2317 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2318 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2320 /* Combine the ops. */
2321 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2325 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2327 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2328 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2329 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2330 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2331 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2332 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2333 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2334 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2335 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2336 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2342 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2343 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2347 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2350 len = strlen(attrstr);
2354 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2356 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2357 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2358 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2359 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2360 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2364 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2365 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2366 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2367 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2368 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2369 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2370 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2375 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2379 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2383 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2387 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2388 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2392 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2394 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2395 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2396 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2402 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2404 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2405 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2406 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2408 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2410 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2412 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2413 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2414 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2415 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2416 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2417 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2418 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2421 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2424 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2427 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2429 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2431 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2433 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2436 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2439 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2440 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2442 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2443 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2445 stash = PL_curstash;
2446 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2448 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2449 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2451 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2456 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2460 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2462 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2464 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2465 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2467 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2477 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2479 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2480 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2481 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2484 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2485 which will mess up list assignment. */
2486 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2487 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2488 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2490 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2491 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2494 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2497 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2498 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2503 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2505 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2507 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2512 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2516 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2517 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2519 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2521 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2522 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2524 const char * const desc
2526 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2527 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2529 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2530 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2533 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2534 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2535 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2536 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2539 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2542 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2543 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2546 const char * const sample = (isary
2547 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2548 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2549 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2550 desc, sample, sample);
2554 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2555 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2556 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2558 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2561 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2562 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2564 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2565 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2566 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2568 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2569 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2570 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2571 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2572 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2574 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2576 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2579 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2580 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2581 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2582 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2583 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2584 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2585 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2588 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2589 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2591 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2593 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2597 return bind_match(type, left,
2598 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2602 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2606 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2610 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2612 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2613 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2614 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2615 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2616 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2617 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2624 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2628 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2629 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2630 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2631 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2633 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2635 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2636 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2637 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2638 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2641 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2642 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2644 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2649 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2655 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2658 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2660 pad_block_start(full);
2662 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2663 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2664 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2666 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2672 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2675 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2676 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2678 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2681 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2683 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2686 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2692 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2694 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2696 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2697 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2703 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2705 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2707 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2714 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2715 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2716 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2719 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2720 o->op_targ = offset;
2726 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2736 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2737 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2738 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2740 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2741 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2743 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2744 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2745 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2748 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2750 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2751 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2752 * argument more than once */
2753 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2754 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2755 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2756 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2757 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2758 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2762 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2763 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2765 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2768 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2769 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2770 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2771 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2772 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2773 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2774 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2775 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2778 /* Register with debugger */
2780 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2784 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2786 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2793 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2797 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2799 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2800 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2801 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2808 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2809 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2810 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2812 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2815 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2816 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2820 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2821 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2824 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2826 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2832 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2833 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2834 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2836 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2838 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2848 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2849 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2850 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2855 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2857 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2859 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2861 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2862 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2867 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2868 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
2870 I32 type = o->op_type;
2872 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
2874 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2876 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2877 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2882 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2883 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
2885 I32 type = o->op_type;
2887 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
2889 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2890 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2891 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2892 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2893 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2896 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2899 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
2900 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2901 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2907 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2910 register OP * VOL curop;
2912 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2917 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2918 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
2924 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2938 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2939 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2944 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2945 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2947 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2948 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2949 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2951 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2953 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2959 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2960 old_next = o->op_next;
2964 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2965 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2967 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
2968 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
2969 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
2970 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
2971 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
2972 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
2973 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
2974 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2981 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2982 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
2984 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
2985 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
2986 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
2989 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2992 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2993 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2998 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2999 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3001 o->op_next = old_next;
3005 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3006 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3007 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3008 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3009 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3010 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3013 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3014 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3015 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3017 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3018 delete_eval_scope();
3027 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3028 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3030 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3031 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3039 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3043 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3046 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3047 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3049 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3052 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3055 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3056 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3057 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3058 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3060 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3061 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3062 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3063 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3064 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3065 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3066 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3068 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3077 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3080 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3081 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3082 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3084 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3086 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3087 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3089 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3090 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3091 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3092 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3096 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3097 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3098 o->op_flags |= flags;
3100 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3101 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3104 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3108 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3111 /* List constructors */
3114 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3116 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3117 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3118 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3119 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3120 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3121 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3127 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3135 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3136 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3138 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3141 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3142 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3144 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3145 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3147 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3152 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3154 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3155 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3156 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3157 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3158 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3159 the other is returned unchanged.
3165 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3173 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3174 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3176 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3177 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3179 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3180 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3181 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3184 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3185 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3187 while (mp->mad_next)
3189 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3192 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3195 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3196 last->op_madprop = 0;
3199 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3205 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3207 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3208 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3209 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3210 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3211 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3212 the other is returned unchanged.
3218 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3226 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3227 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3228 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3229 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3230 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3231 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3234 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3235 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3236 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3238 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3239 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3241 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3245 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3253 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3256 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3257 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3258 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3260 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3265 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3267 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3269 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3271 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3276 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3283 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3284 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3285 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3292 /* faked up qw list? */
3294 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3295 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3302 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3303 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3304 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3305 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3307 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3321 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3322 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3332 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3341 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3342 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3343 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3344 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3346 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3353 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3356 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3362 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3371 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3372 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3373 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3374 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3376 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3383 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3386 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3390 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3391 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3397 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3415 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3419 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3423 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3444 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3446 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3448 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3452 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3454 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3457 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3458 mp->mad_type = type;
3460 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3465 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3467 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3471 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3472 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3473 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3474 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3478 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3481 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3482 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3485 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3488 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3491 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3497 =head1 Optree construction
3499 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3501 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3502 empty list expression.
3508 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3510 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3514 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3516 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3517 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3523 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3525 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3526 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3527 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3528 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3529 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3535 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3540 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3542 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3544 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3545 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3548 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3552 else if (!first && last)
3555 first->op_sibling = last;
3556 listop->op_first = first;
3557 listop->op_last = last;
3558 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3559 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3560 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3561 listop->op_first = pushop;
3562 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3564 listop->op_last = pushop;
3567 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3571 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3573 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3574 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3575 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3582 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3587 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3588 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3589 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3592 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3593 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3594 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3595 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3597 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3598 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3599 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3600 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3602 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3606 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3607 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3609 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3610 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3611 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3615 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3617 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3618 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3619 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3620 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3621 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3622 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3623 of the constructed op tree.
3629 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3634 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3635 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3636 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3639 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3640 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3641 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3642 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3643 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3644 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3645 || type == OP_NULL );
3648 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3649 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3650 first = force_list(first);
3652 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3653 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3654 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3655 unop->op_first = first;
3656 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3657 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3658 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3662 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3666 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3668 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3669 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3670 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3671 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3672 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3673 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3674 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3680 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3685 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3686 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3688 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3691 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3693 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3694 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3695 binop->op_first = first;
3696 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3699 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3702 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3703 first->op_sibling = last;
3706 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3707 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3710 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3712 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
3715 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3716 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3717 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3718 __attribute__pure__;
3719 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3721 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3723 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3725 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3727 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3733 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3736 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3739 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3740 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3742 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3745 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3746 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3750 register short *tbl;
3752 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3753 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3754 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3757 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3759 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3762 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3765 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3767 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3768 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3770 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3771 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3785 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3786 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3789 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3793 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3796 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3798 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3802 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3803 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3804 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3805 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3809 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3812 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3814 transv = newSVpvs("");
3816 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3818 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3820 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3824 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3828 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3829 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3831 diff = val - nextmin;
3833 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3834 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3836 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3837 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3838 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3839 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3846 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3847 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3849 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3850 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3852 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3853 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3854 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3855 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3859 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3860 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3863 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3864 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3866 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3870 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3871 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3872 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3873 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3875 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3877 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3884 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3885 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3887 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3889 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3891 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3900 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3904 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3905 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3906 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3913 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3914 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3916 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3917 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3919 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3923 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3924 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3927 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3928 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3930 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3931 max = rfirst + diff;
3933 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3934 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3946 else if (max > 0xff)
3951 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3952 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3954 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
3956 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3957 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3958 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3960 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
3962 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3964 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3965 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3967 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3968 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
3969 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3972 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3978 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3979 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3987 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3989 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3990 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3992 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3994 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4003 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4013 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4015 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4020 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4021 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4022 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4024 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4025 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4026 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4030 if (!rlen && !del) {
4033 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4035 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4036 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4038 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4040 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4041 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4043 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4049 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4050 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4057 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4058 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4059 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4060 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4064 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4066 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4067 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4077 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4079 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4080 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4081 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4087 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4092 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4094 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4095 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4096 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4097 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4098 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4100 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4101 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4102 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) {
4103 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4105 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES)) && (PL_hints & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) {
4106 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4108 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4109 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4110 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4112 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4113 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4114 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4116 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4117 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4123 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4124 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4125 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4126 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4127 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4128 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4130 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4132 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4134 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4135 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4136 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4138 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4139 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4140 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4141 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4145 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4148 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4149 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4150 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4153 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4154 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4155 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4156 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4157 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4161 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
4166 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4170 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4173 o->op_type == OP_SUBST
4174 || o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR
4176 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4178 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4179 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4180 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4181 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4182 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4183 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4186 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
4187 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
4189 /* convert single element list to element */
4190 OP* const oe = expr;
4191 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
4192 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4193 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4197 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
4198 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4201 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4205 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4208 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4209 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4210 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4212 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4213 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4216 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
4217 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
4218 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
4219 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
4220 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
4221 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
4223 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
4224 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
4227 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
4230 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4236 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
4237 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
4239 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4241 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4242 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4243 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4244 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4245 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4246 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4247 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4248 rcop->op_private = 1;
4251 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
4253 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4254 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4256 /* establish postfix order */
4257 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
4259 rcop->op_next = expr;
4260 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4263 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4264 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4267 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4272 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4274 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4275 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4277 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4281 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4282 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4283 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4284 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4285 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4286 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4288 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4291 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4293 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4294 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4295 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4296 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4297 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4300 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4301 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4302 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4303 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4307 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4308 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4318 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4320 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4321 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4324 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4325 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4327 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4328 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4329 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4330 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4331 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4332 rcop->op_private = 1;
4335 /* establish postfix order */
4336 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4337 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4339 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4340 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4341 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4350 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4352 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4353 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4354 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4355 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4361 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4366 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4368 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4369 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4370 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4372 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4373 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4374 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4376 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4377 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4378 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4380 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4381 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4382 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4388 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4390 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4391 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4392 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4393 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4396 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4402 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4407 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4409 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4410 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4411 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4413 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4414 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4415 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4416 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4417 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4418 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4421 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4422 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4423 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4425 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4426 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4427 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4430 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4433 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4435 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4436 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4437 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4438 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4445 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4449 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4453 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4455 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4460 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4462 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4463 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4464 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4465 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4466 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4472 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4477 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4479 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4481 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4482 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4483 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4485 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4486 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4487 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4489 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4490 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4491 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4499 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4502 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4507 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4509 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4510 save_item(PL_curstname);
4512 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4514 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4516 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4517 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4518 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4523 if (!PL_madskills) {
4528 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4529 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4535 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4538 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4539 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4540 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4541 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4542 PL_hints = savehints;
4551 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4558 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4560 SV *use_version = NULL;
4562 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4564 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4565 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4568 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4573 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4576 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4577 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4584 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4585 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4587 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4588 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4590 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4591 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4592 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4593 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4594 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4595 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4599 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4600 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4602 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4603 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4605 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4606 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4608 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4610 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
4616 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
4618 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4619 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4621 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
4623 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
4624 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4625 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4626 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
4627 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4630 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
4632 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
4635 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4636 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4637 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
4638 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
4639 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
4642 HV * const hinthv = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
4643 const bool hhoff = !hinthv || !(PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH);
4646 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
4647 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
4648 S_enable_feature_bundle(aTHX_ use_version);
4650 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
4651 if (vcmp(use_version,
4652 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4653 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/refs", 11))
4654 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_REFS;
4655 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/subs", 11))
4656 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
4657 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/vars", 11))
4658 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4660 /* otherwise they are off */
4662 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/refs", 11))
4663 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
4664 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/subs", 11))
4665 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
4666 if (hhoff || !hv_exists(hinthv, "strict/vars", 11))
4667 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4671 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
4672 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
4673 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
4674 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
4675 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
4676 * filesystems the script will stop working.
4678 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
4679 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
4680 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
4681 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
4683 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
4684 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
4685 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
4688 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4689 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4690 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4691 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
4692 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
4696 if (!PL_madskills) {
4697 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
4706 =head1 Embedding Functions
4708 =for apidoc load_module
4710 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
4711 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
4712 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
4713 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
4714 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified and not NULL, provides version semantics
4715 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
4716 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
4717 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
4718 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
4719 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
4720 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
4721 import list is required.
4723 The reference count for each specified C<SV*> parameter is decremented.
4728 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4732 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
4734 va_start(args, ver);
4735 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4739 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4741 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4745 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
4746 va_start(args, ver);
4747 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4753 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
4757 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
4759 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
4761 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
4763 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
4767 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
4768 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
4770 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
4771 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
4776 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4778 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
4779 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4783 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
4784 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
4785 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
4786 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
4787 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
4790 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
4791 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
4792 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
4793 veop, modname, imop);
4798 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
4804 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
4806 if (!force_builtin) {
4807 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
4808 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
4809 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
4810 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
4814 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
4815 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
4816 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
4817 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
4818 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
4821 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
4827 =head1 Optree construction
4829 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
4831 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
4832 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
4833 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
4834 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4835 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
4836 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
4837 constructed op tree.
4843 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
4845 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
4846 list(force_list(subscript)),
4847 list(force_list(listval)) );
4851 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
4859 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
4860 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
4862 flags = o->op_flags;
4864 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
4865 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
4866 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
4871 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
4875 if (type == OP_LIST &&
4876 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
4877 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4880 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
4881 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
4882 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
4885 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
4888 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
4895 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
4896 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
4897 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
4899 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
4900 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
4903 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
4904 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4905 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4906 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4908 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4910 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4912 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4913 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||