4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
169 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
170 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
172 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
174 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
175 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
176 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
178 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
180 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
181 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
183 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
184 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
186 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
187 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
188 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
189 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
190 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
194 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
200 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
201 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
202 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
203 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
204 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
207 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
208 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
209 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
210 /* Remaining space is too small. */
212 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
214 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
215 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
217 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
218 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
219 slab->opslab_freed = o;
222 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
223 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
224 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
225 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
226 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
228 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
229 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
230 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
232 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
234 /* Create a new op slot */
235 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
236 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
237 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
238 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
239 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
241 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
247 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
249 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
253 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
254 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
255 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
256 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
257 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
258 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
259 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
260 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
265 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
269 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
271 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
273 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
274 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
275 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
276 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
277 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
278 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
279 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
286 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
289 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
290 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
293 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
297 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
300 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
305 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
307 PerlMemShared_free(op);
312 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
313 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
314 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
315 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
316 slab->opslab_freed = o;
317 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
318 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
322 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
325 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
329 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
336 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
341 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
342 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
343 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
344 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
346 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
348 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
349 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
351 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
352 perror("munmap failed");
356 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
362 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
367 size_t savestack_count = 0;
369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
372 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
374 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
375 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
376 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
382 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
383 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
384 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
387 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
388 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
389 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
391 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
393 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
394 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
401 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
403 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
406 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
407 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
420 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
423 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
427 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
429 result = --o->op_targ;
432 result = --o->op_targ;
438 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
439 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
441 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
442 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
443 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
444 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
446 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
448 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
450 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
452 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
453 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
457 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
459 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
463 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
468 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
470 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
472 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
478 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
480 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
481 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
482 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
487 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
490 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
495 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
499 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
504 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
508 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
509 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
514 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
519 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
523 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
528 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
532 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
537 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
538 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
539 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
541 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
544 /* "register" allocation */
547 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
551 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
555 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
556 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
559 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
561 assert(strlen(name) == len);
563 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
567 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
568 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
570 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
571 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
572 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
573 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
574 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
575 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
577 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
578 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
582 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
584 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
585 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
586 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
587 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
588 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
590 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
591 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
595 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
596 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
598 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
599 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
605 =for apidoc alloccopstash
607 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
608 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
615 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
617 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
618 bool found_slot = FALSE;
620 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
622 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
624 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
625 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
626 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
627 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
630 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
631 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
632 off = PL_stashpadmax;
633 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
636 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
641 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
642 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
645 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
651 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
653 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
659 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
664 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
666 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
667 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
668 may be freed before their parents. */
669 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
673 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
684 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
687 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
688 we maintain for reset(). */
689 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
699 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
700 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
704 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
706 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
707 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
712 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
715 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
718 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
719 * numbers etc even after null() */
720 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
726 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
733 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
741 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
746 switch (o->op_type) {
747 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
748 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
749 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
754 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
758 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
759 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
766 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
771 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
772 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
773 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
774 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
775 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
776 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
777 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
778 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
779 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
780 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
781 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
782 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
783 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
784 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
785 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
788 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
790 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
791 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
792 * may still exist on the pad */
793 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
794 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
797 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
798 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
801 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
804 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
808 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
811 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
812 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
815 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
816 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
817 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
818 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
821 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
831 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
836 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
837 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
839 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
840 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
841 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
844 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
845 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
849 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
850 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
854 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
858 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
859 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
860 * exist on the pad */
861 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
864 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
870 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
871 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
872 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
873 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
874 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
875 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
876 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
877 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
878 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
879 * happen before sv_clean_all
882 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
883 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
884 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
885 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
886 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
890 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
891 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
897 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
898 pad_free(o->op_targ);
904 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
906 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
909 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
910 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
911 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
915 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
921 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
923 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
925 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
926 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
928 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
929 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
934 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
935 array[i] = array[--count];
936 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
937 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
938 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
941 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
958 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
962 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
963 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
965 switch (kid->op_type) {
970 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
972 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
973 kid = kid->op_sibling;
979 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
985 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
989 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
990 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
991 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
995 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1003 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1006 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1010 /* Contextualizers */
1013 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1015 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1016 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1017 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1024 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1026 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1028 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1029 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1030 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1032 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1039 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1041 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1042 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1043 not be called directly.
1049 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1053 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1058 /* establish postfix order */
1059 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1062 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1065 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1066 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1067 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1081 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1083 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1085 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1092 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1098 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1099 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1100 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1101 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1103 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1104 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1105 of the conditional, not the last. */
1106 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1108 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1109 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1116 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1121 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1122 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1123 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1124 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1129 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1131 switch (o->op_type) {
1133 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1138 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1148 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1149 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1155 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1157 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1160 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1161 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1167 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1172 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1175 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1182 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1186 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1187 const char* useless = NULL;
1191 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1193 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1195 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1197 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1200 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1201 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1202 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1208 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1209 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1210 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1211 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1212 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1214 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1215 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1216 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1217 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1218 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1223 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1224 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1226 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1229 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1231 switch (o->op_type) {
1233 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1237 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1241 if (o->op_private == 4)
1266 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1285 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1286 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1291 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1316 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1317 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1318 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1322 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1323 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1325 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1327 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1329 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1333 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1334 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1335 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1338 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1342 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1343 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1347 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1354 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1355 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1356 useless = "a variable";
1361 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1362 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1364 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1365 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1366 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1367 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1369 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1370 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1371 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1372 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1374 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1375 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1376 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1377 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1378 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1379 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1380 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1381 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1382 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1383 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1384 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1387 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1389 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1391 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1392 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1394 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1395 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1399 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1400 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1403 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1406 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1410 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1411 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1415 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1416 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1420 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1421 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1425 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1426 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1431 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1434 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1437 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1438 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1441 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1443 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1446 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1447 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1448 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1451 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1454 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1456 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1459 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1460 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1461 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1463 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1464 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1465 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1477 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1478 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1479 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1481 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1483 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1485 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1486 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1495 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1500 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1507 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1518 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1529 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1530 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1531 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1532 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1535 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1536 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1543 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1545 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1547 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1554 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1559 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1560 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1561 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1562 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1567 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1568 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1570 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1573 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1575 switch (o->op_type) {
1578 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1583 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1591 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1593 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1594 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1595 return gen_constant_list(o);
1602 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1604 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1607 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1608 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1614 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1618 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1625 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1629 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1631 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1632 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1635 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1636 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1640 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1642 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1643 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1644 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1647 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1652 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1654 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1656 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1657 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1663 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1665 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1666 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1667 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1668 the tree thread-safe.
1673 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1678 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1686 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1688 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1690 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1692 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1693 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1695 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1696 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1697 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1698 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1699 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1700 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1701 finalize_op(prop_op);
1708 switch (o->op_type) {
1711 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1715 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1716 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1718 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1719 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1720 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1721 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1722 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1723 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1724 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1725 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1726 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1727 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1734 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1735 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1736 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1737 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1738 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1739 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1741 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1748 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1749 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1753 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1754 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1755 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1756 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1757 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1758 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1759 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1760 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1762 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1763 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1764 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1765 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1766 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1768 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1769 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1770 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1771 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1772 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1773 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1774 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1776 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1777 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1778 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1781 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1782 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1783 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1784 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1785 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1787 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1798 const char *key = NULL;
1801 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1804 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1805 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1806 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1807 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1808 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1809 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1810 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1816 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1819 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1820 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1822 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1823 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1825 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1826 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1828 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1829 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1830 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1831 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1832 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1833 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1834 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1846 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1848 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1849 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1850 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1851 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1853 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1854 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1856 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1857 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1858 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1860 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1861 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1862 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1864 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1870 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1871 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1873 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1874 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1876 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1877 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1878 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1879 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1880 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1881 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1883 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1884 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1885 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1886 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1887 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1888 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1889 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1890 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1897 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1898 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1905 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1907 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1913 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1915 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1916 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1917 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1918 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1921 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1922 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1923 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1925 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1926 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1932 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1936 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1939 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1942 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1943 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1948 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1950 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1952 switch (o->op_type) {
1957 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1961 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1962 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1963 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1964 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1965 poses, so we need it clear. */
1966 o->op_private &= ~1;
1967 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1968 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1969 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1972 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1973 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1974 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1975 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1976 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1977 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1978 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1981 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1982 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1985 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1986 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1988 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1989 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1990 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1991 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1993 while (kid->op_sibling)
1994 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1995 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1996 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1999 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2000 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2001 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2002 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2004 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2005 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2006 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2007 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2011 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2021 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2022 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2023 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2024 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2026 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2027 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2029 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2030 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2032 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2046 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2055 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2062 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2063 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2068 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2069 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2070 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2074 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2076 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2080 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2081 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2087 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2090 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2091 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2092 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2096 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2100 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2109 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2116 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2117 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2118 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2119 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2121 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2122 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2126 if (!type) /* local() */
2127 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2128 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2137 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2141 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2147 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2148 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2149 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2150 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2151 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2152 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2153 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2158 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2159 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2160 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2161 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2162 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2163 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2173 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2174 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2179 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2181 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2183 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2184 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2190 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2191 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2192 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2193 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2194 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2198 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2200 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2206 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2207 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2209 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2210 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2213 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2214 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2216 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2217 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2218 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2221 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2222 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2223 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2228 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2229 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2232 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2233 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2234 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2239 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2244 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2268 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2289 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2291 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2293 switch (o->op_type) {
2301 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2314 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2316 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2318 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2325 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2332 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2335 switch (o->op_type) {
2337 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2338 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2339 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2340 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2341 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2342 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2343 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2344 o->op_private &= ~1;
2346 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2347 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2348 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2350 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2356 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2357 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2360 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2361 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2362 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2365 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2366 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2367 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2369 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2376 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2379 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2380 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2381 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2387 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2392 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2394 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2398 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2399 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2400 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2401 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2403 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2413 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2415 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2425 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2430 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2432 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2433 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2434 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2436 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2437 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2439 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2443 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2445 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2446 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2447 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2448 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2449 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2456 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2459 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2463 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2464 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2466 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2467 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2469 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2470 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2472 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2473 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2474 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2475 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2477 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2482 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2485 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2486 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2493 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2494 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2495 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2497 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2498 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2499 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2500 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2501 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2502 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2504 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2505 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2508 /* Need package name for method call. */
2509 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2511 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2512 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2514 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2515 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2516 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2517 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2518 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2519 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2520 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2521 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2523 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2524 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2525 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2526 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2527 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2528 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2530 /* Combine the ops. */
2531 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2535 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2537 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2538 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2539 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2540 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2541 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2542 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2543 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2544 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2545 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2546 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2552 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2553 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2557 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2560 len = strlen(attrstr);
2564 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2566 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2567 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2568 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2569 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2570 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2574 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2575 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2576 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2577 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2578 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2579 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2580 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2585 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2589 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2591 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2593 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2597 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2598 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2602 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2604 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2605 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2607 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2609 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2611 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2612 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2613 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2615 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2617 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2619 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2620 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2621 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2622 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2623 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2624 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2625 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2628 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2631 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2634 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2636 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2638 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2640 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2643 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2646 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2647 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2649 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2650 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2652 stash = PL_curstash;
2653 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2655 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2656 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2658 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2663 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2667 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2671 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2672 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2674 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2684 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2686 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2687 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2688 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2691 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2692 which will mess up list assignment. */
2693 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2694 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2695 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2697 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2698 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2701 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2704 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2705 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2710 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2712 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2714 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2719 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2723 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2724 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2726 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2728 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2729 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2731 const char * const desc
2733 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2734 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2736 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2737 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2740 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2741 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2742 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2743 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2746 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2749 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2750 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2753 const char * const sample = (isary
2754 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2755 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2756 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2757 desc, sample, sample);
2761 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2762 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2763 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2765 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2768 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2769 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2771 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2772 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2773 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2775 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2776 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2777 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2778 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2779 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2781 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2783 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2786 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2787 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2788 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2789 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2790 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2791 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2792 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2795 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2796 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2798 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2800 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2804 return bind_match(type, left,
2805 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2809 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2813 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2817 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2819 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2820 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2821 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2822 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2823 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2824 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2831 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2835 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2836 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2837 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2838 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2840 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2842 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2843 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2844 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2845 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2848 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2849 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2851 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2856 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2862 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2864 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2865 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2866 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2867 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2874 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2877 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2879 pad_block_start(full);
2881 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2882 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2883 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2885 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2891 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2894 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2895 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2898 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2901 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2903 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2907 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2908 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2909 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2914 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2917 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2918 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2919 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2920 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2921 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2922 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2923 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2924 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2925 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2926 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2927 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2928 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2929 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2930 list of ops like this:
2954 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2955 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2956 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2957 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2958 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2959 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2960 if (kid == last) break;
2962 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2965 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2971 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2973 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2975 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2976 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2982 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2984 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2986 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2993 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2994 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2995 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2998 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2999 o->op_targ = offset;
3005 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3009 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3016 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3017 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3018 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3020 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3021 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3023 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3024 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3025 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3028 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3030 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3031 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3032 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3033 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3034 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3037 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3038 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3040 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3043 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3044 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3045 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3046 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3049 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3050 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3051 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3052 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3053 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3054 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3055 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3058 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3059 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3060 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3061 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3062 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3063 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3064 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3065 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3066 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3067 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3070 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3072 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3075 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3076 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3077 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3078 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3079 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3080 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3081 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3082 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3083 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3086 /* Register with debugger */
3088 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3092 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3094 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3101 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3107 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3108 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3109 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3116 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3117 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3118 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3120 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3123 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3124 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3128 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3129 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3132 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3134 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3140 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3141 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3142 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3144 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3146 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3156 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3157 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3158 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3163 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3165 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3167 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3169 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3170 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3175 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3176 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3178 I32 type = o->op_type;
3180 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3182 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3184 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3185 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3190 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3191 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3193 I32 type = o->op_type;
3195 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3197 /* integerize op. */
3198 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3201 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3204 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3205 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3206 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3212 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3217 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3222 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3223 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3227 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3229 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3243 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3244 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3248 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3249 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3252 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3253 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3255 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3256 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3257 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3264 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3267 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3268 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3270 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3271 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3272 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3274 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3276 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3282 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3283 old_next = o->op_next;
3287 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3288 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3290 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3291 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3292 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3293 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3294 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3295 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3296 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3297 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3304 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3305 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3307 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3308 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3309 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3312 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3315 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3316 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3321 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3322 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3324 o->op_next = old_next;
3328 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3329 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3330 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3331 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3332 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3333 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3336 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3337 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3338 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3340 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3341 delete_eval_scope();
3350 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3351 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3353 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3354 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3362 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3366 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3369 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3370 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3372 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3375 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3378 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3379 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3380 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3381 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3383 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3384 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3385 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3386 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3387 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3388 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3389 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3391 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3400 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3403 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3404 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3405 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3407 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3409 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3410 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3412 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3413 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3414 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3415 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3419 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3421 o->op_flags |= flags;
3423 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3424 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3427 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3431 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3434 /* List constructors */
3437 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3439 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3440 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3441 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3442 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3443 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3444 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3450 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3458 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3459 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3461 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3464 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3465 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3467 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3468 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3470 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3475 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3477 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3478 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3479 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3480 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3481 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3482 the other is returned unchanged.
3488 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3496 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3497 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3499 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3500 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3502 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3503 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3504 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3507 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3508 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3510 while (mp->mad_next)
3512 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3515 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3518 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3519 last->op_madprop = 0;
3522 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3528 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3530 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3531 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3532 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3533 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3534 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3535 the other is returned unchanged.
3541 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3549 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3550 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3551 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3552 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3553 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3554 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3557 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3558 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3559 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3561 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3562 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3564 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3568 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3576 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3579 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3580 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3581 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3583 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3588 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3590 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3592 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3594 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3599 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3604 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3606 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3607 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3608 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3615 /* faked up qw list? */
3617 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3618 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3625 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3626 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3627 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3628 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3630 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3644 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3645 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3655 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3664 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3665 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3666 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3667 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3669 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3676 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3679 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3685 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3694 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3695 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3696 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3697 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3699 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3706 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3709 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3713 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3714 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3720 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3738 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3742 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3746 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3767 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3769 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3771 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3775 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3777 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3780 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3781 mp->mad_type = type;
3783 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3788 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3790 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3794 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3795 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3796 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3797 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3801 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3804 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3805 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3808 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3811 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3814 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3820 =head1 Optree construction
3822 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3824 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3825 empty list expression.
3831 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3833 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3837 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3839 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3840 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3846 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3848 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3849 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3850 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3851 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3852 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3858 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3863 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3865 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3867 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3868 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3871 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3875 else if (!first && last)
3878 first->op_sibling = last;
3879 listop->op_first = first;
3880 listop->op_last = last;
3881 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3882 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3883 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3884 listop->op_first = pushop;
3885 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3887 listop->op_last = pushop;
3890 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3894 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3896 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3897 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3898 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3905 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3910 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3911 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3912 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3915 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3916 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3917 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3918 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3920 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3921 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3922 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3923 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3926 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3927 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3929 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3930 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3931 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3935 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3937 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3938 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3939 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3940 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3941 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3942 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3943 of the constructed op tree.
3949 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3954 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3955 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3956 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3959 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3960 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3961 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3962 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3963 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3964 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3965 || type == OP_NULL );
3968 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3969 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3970 first = force_list(first);
3972 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3973 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3974 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3975 unop->op_first = first;
3976 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3977 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3978 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3982 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3986 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3988 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3989 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3990 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3991 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3992 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3993 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3994 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4000 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4005 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4006 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4008 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4011 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4013 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4014 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4015 binop->op_first = first;
4016 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4019 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4022 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4023 first->op_sibling = last;
4026 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4027 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4030 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4032 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4035 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4036 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4037 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4038 __attribute__pure__;
4039 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4041 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4043 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4045 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4047 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4053 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4056 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4059 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4060 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4062 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4065 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4066 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4072 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4073 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4074 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4077 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4079 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4082 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4085 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4087 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4088 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4090 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4091 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4105 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4106 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4109 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4113 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4116 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4118 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4122 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4123 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4124 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4125 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4129 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4132 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4134 transv = newSVpvs("");
4136 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4138 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4140 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4144 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4148 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4149 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4151 diff = val - nextmin;
4153 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4154 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4156 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4157 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4158 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4159 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4166 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4167 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4169 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4170 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4172 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4173 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4174 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4175 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4179 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4180 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4183 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4184 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4186 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4190 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4191 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4192 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4193 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4195 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4197 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4204 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4205 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4207 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4209 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4211 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4220 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4224 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4225 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4226 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4233 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4234 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4236 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4237 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4239 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4243 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4244 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4247 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4248 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4250 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4251 max = rfirst + diff;
4253 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4254 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4266 else if (max > 0xff)
4271 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4273 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4274 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4275 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4277 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4279 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4281 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4282 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4284 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4285 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4286 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4289 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4295 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4296 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4304 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4305 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4306 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4308 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4310 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4312 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4314 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4323 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4333 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4335 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4340 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4341 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4342 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4344 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4345 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4346 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4350 if (!rlen && !del) {
4353 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4355 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4356 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4358 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4360 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4361 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4363 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4369 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4370 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4377 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4378 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4379 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4380 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4384 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4386 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4387 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4397 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4399 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4400 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4401 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4407 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4412 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4414 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4415 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4416 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4417 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4418 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4420 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4421 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4422 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4423 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4425 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4426 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4427 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4429 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4431 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4432 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4433 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4435 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4436 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4437 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4439 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4440 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4446 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4447 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4448 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4449 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4450 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4451 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4453 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4455 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4457 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4458 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4459 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4461 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4462 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4463 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4464 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4468 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4471 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4472 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4473 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4476 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4477 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4478 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4479 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4480 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4482 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4483 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4484 * the new sub was created
4488 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4493 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4495 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4496 bool is_compiletime;
4499 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4501 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4503 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4505 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4506 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4507 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4508 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4509 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4510 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4513 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4516 OP* const oe = expr;
4517 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4518 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4519 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4520 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4521 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4522 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4525 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4528 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4529 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4530 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4531 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4532 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4536 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4538 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4539 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4541 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4542 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4544 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4548 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4553 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4555 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4557 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4558 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4560 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4563 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4564 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4566 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4567 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4568 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4570 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4571 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4572 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4573 op_null((OP*)leave);
4577 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4578 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4579 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4580 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4583 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4584 * the op_next chain */
4587 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4592 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4594 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4596 if (is_compiletime) {
4597 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4598 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4600 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4601 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4603 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4604 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4605 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4606 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4607 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4608 * regex was parsed */
4609 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4610 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4611 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4613 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4618 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4619 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4620 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4621 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4624 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4630 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4631 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4634 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4637 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4639 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4640 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4641 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4642 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4643 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4644 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4646 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4647 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4648 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4649 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4651 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4652 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4653 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4654 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4657 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4662 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4664 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4666 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4671 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4672 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4673 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4676 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4677 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4678 * preceding stacking ops;
4679 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4681 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4682 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4684 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4685 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4686 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4687 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4688 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4689 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4690 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4694 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4696 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4698 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4699 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4703 * ------ -------------------
4704 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4705 * pushmark (for entersub)
4706 * pushmark (for refgen)
4710 * regcreset regcreset
4712 * const("a") const("a")
4714 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4719 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4720 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4721 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4722 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4723 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4724 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4726 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4729 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4730 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4731 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4732 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4733 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4734 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4735 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4736 rcop->op_private = 0;
4738 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4740 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4741 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4743 /* establish postfix order */
4744 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4746 rcop->op_next = expr;
4747 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4750 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4751 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4754 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4760 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4761 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4762 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4764 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4765 the implicit do{}. */
4766 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4767 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4768 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4769 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4770 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4771 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4772 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4774 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4776 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4777 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4778 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4779 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4780 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4781 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4782 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4783 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4784 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4785 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4793 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4794 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4796 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4797 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4800 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4801 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4802 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4803 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4804 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4805 rcop->op_private = 1;
4808 /* establish postfix order */
4809 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4810 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4812 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4813 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4814 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4823 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4825 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4826 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4827 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4828 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4834 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4839 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4841 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4842 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4843 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4845 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4846 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4847 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4849 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4850 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4851 svop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4852 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4854 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4855 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4856 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4862 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4864 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4865 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4866 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4867 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4870 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4876 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4883 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4884 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4885 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4887 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4888 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4889 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4890 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4891 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4892 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4895 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4896 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4897 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4899 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4900 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4901 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4904 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4907 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4909 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4910 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4911 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4912 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4919 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4923 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4927 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4929 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4934 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4936 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4937 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4938 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4939 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4940 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4946 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4949 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4954 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4956 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4958 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4959 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4960 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4962 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4963 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4964 pvop->op_private = utf8 ? OPpPV_IS_UTF8 : 0;
4965 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4967 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4968 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4969 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4977 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4980 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4985 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4987 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4988 save_item(PL_curstname);
4990 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4992 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4994 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4995 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4996 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5001 if (!PL_madskills) {
5006 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
5007 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
5013 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
5016 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
5017 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
5018 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5019 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
5020 PL_hints = savehints;
5029 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
5036 OP *pegop = PL_madskills ? newOP(OP_NULL,0) : NULL;
5038 SV *use_version = NULL;
5040 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
5042 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
5043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
5046 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
5051 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
5054 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
5055 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
5062 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
5063 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
5065 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5066 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5068 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
5069 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
5070 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5071 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5072 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
5073 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5077 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
5078 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
5080 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
5081 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
5083 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
5084 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
5086 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
5088 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
5094 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
5096 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5097 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5099 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
5101 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
5102 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5103 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5104 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
5105 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5108 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
5110 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
5113 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5114 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5115 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
5116 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
5117 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
5121 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
5122 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
5123 S_enable_feature_bundle(aTHX_ use_version);
5125 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
5126 if (vcmp(use_version,
5127 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
5128 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5129 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5130 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5131 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5132 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5133 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5135 /* otherwise they are off */
5137 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5138 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5139 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5140 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5141 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5142 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5146 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
5147 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
5148 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
5149 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
5150 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
5151 * filesystems the script will stop working.
5153 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
5154 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
5155 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
5156 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
5158 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
5159 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
5160 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
5163 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5164 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5165 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5166 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
5167 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
5176 =head1 Embedding Functions
5178 =for apidoc load_module
5180 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
5181 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
5182 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
5183 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
5184 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified and not NULL, provides version semantics
5185 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
5186 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
5187 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
5188 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
5189 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
5190 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
5191 import list is required.
5193 The reference count for each specified C<SV*> parameter is decremented.
5198 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
5204 va_start(args, ver);
5205 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5209 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5211 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5215 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
5216 va_start(args, ver);
5217 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5223 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
5227 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
5229 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
5231 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
5233 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
5237 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
5238 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
5240 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
5241 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
5246 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5248 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
5249 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5253 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
5254 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
5255 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
5256 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
5257 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
5260 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
5261 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
5262 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
5263 veop, modname, imop);
5268 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
5274 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
5276 if (!force_builtin) {
5277 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
5278 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
5279 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
5280 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
5284 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
5285 doop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
5286 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
5287 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
5288 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
5291 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
5297 =head1 Optree construction
5299 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
5301 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
5302 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
5303 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5304 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5305 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
5306 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
5307 constructed op tree.
5313 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
5315 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
5316 list(force_list(subscript)),
5317 list(force_list(listval)) );
5321 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
5329 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5330 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
5332 flags = o->op_flags;
5334 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
5335 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
5336 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
5341 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
5345 if (type == OP_LIST &&
5346 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
5347 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5350 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
5351 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
5352 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
5355 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
5358 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
5365 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
5366 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
5367 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
5369 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
5370 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
5373 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
5374 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
5375 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
5376 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
5378 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5380 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5382 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5383 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5384 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5385 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
5387 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
5388 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
5390 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
5393 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
5395 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
5396 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
5397 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
5398 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
5399 if (cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
5402 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
5404 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
5405 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
5407 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5409 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5413 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
5416 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5418 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5426 if (curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
5427 if (aassign_common_vars(curop))
5435 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newASSIGNOP|I32 flags|OP *left|I32 optype|OP *right
5437 Constructs, checks, and returns an assignment op. I<left> and I<right>
5438 supply the parameters of the assignment; they are consumed by this
5439 function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5441 If I<optype> is C<OP_ANDASSIGN>, C<OP_ORASSIGN>, or C<OP_DORASSIGN>, then
5442 a suitable conditional optree is constructed. If I<optype> is the opcode
5443 of a binary operator, such as C<OP_BIT_OR>, then an op is constructed that
5444 performs the binary operation and assigns the result to the left argument.
5445 Either way, if I<optype> is non-zero then I<flags> has no effect.
5447 If I<optype> is zero, then a plain scalar or list assignment is
5448 constructed. Which type of assignment it is is automatically determined.
5449 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5450 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
5451 of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5458 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
5464 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
5465 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
5466 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype),
5467 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
5470 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
5471 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
5475 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
5476 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
5477 " in list context currently forbidden";
5479 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5482 left = op_lvalue(left, OP_AASSIGN);
5483 curop = list(force_list(left));
5484 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
5485 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
5487 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
5488 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
5490 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
5491 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5493 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5494 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5495 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5496 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
5497 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
5498 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5500 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5501 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
5502 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
5505 /* Each state variable in
5506 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5508 yyerror(no_list_state);
5510 /* Each my variable in
5511 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5513 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
5514 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
5515 /* undef may be interesting in
5516 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
5518 /* Other ops in the list. */
5519 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5521 lop = lop->op_sibling;
5524 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5525 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
5526 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
5527 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
5528 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
5530 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV) maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5531 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5532 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
5542 yyerror(no_list_state);
5546 /* PL_generation sorcery:
5547 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
5548 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
5549 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
5550 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
5551 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
5552 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
5553 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
5554 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
5555 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
5556 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
5557 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
5560 if (maybe_common_vars) {
5562 if (aassign_common_vars(o))
5563 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
5567 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
5568 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
5569 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
5570 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
5571 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
5572 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
5573 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
5575 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
5576 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
5578 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5580 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5584 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5585 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
5586 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
5588 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5589 = MUTABLE_GV(cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv);
5590 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
5592 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
5593 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
5594 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
5595 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
5596 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
5597 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
5598 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
5599 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
5604 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
5605 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
5607 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
5608 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == 0)
5609 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
5617 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
5618 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
5619 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
5620 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN),
5624 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
5625 scalar(right), op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );