3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2001, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8 * "I wonder what the Entish is for 'yes' and 'no'," he thought.
11 * This file contains the code that creates, manipulates and destroys
12 * scalar values (SVs). The other types (AV, HV, GV, etc.) reuse the
13 * structure of an SV, so their creation and destruction is handled
14 * here; higher-level functions are in av.c, hv.c, and so on. Opcode
15 * level functions (eg. substr, split, join) for each of the types are
25 #define SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv) if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) sv_force_normal(sv)
28 /* ============================================================================
30 =head1 Allocation and deallocation of SVs.
32 An SV (or AV, HV, etc.) is allocated in two parts: the head (struct sv,
33 av, hv...) contains type and reference count information, as well as a
34 pointer to the body (struct xrv, xpv, xpviv...), which contains fields
35 specific to each type.
37 Normally, this allocation is done using arenas, which are approximately
38 1K chunks of memory parcelled up into N heads or bodies. The first slot
39 in each arena is reserved, and is used to hold a link to the next arena.
40 In the case of heads, the unused first slot also contains some flags and
41 a note of the number of slots. Snaked through each arena chain is a
42 linked list of free items; when this becomes empty, an extra arena is
43 allocated and divided up into N items which are threaded into the free
46 The following global variables are associated with arenas:
48 PL_sv_arenaroot pointer to list of SV arenas
49 PL_sv_root pointer to list of free SV structures
51 PL_foo_arenaroot pointer to list of foo arenas,
52 PL_foo_root pointer to list of free foo bodies
53 ... for foo in xiv, xnv, xrv, xpv etc.
55 Note that some of the larger and more rarely used body types (eg xpvio)
56 are not allocated using arenas, but are instead just malloc()/free()ed as
57 required. Also, if PURIFY is defined, arenas are abandoned altogether,
58 with all items individually malloc()ed. In addition, a few SV heads are
59 not allocated from an arena, but are instead directly created as static
60 or auto variables, eg PL_sv_undef.
62 The SV arena serves the secondary purpose of allowing still-live SVs
63 to be located and destroyed during final cleanup.
65 At the lowest level, the macros new_SV() and del_SV() grab and free
66 an SV head. (If debugging with -DD, del_SV() calls the function S_del_sv()
67 to return the SV to the free list with error checking.) new_SV() calls
68 more_sv() / sv_add_arena() to add an extra arena if the free list is empty.
69 SVs in the free list have their SvTYPE field set to all ones.
71 Similarly, there are macros new_XIV()/del_XIV(), new_XNV()/del_XNV() etc
72 that allocate and return individual body types. Normally these are mapped
73 to the arena-manipulating functions new_xiv()/del_xiv() etc, but may be
74 instead mapped directly to malloc()/free() if PURIFY is defined. The
75 new/del functions remove from, or add to, the appropriate PL_foo_root
76 list, and call more_xiv() etc to add a new arena if the list is empty.
78 At the time of very final cleanup, sv_free_arenas() is called from
79 perl_destruct() to physically free all the arenas allocated since the
80 start of the interpreter. Note that this also clears PL_he_arenaroot,
81 which is otherwise dealt with in hv.c.
83 Manipulation of any of the PL_*root pointers is protected by enclosing
84 LOCK_SV_MUTEX; ... UNLOCK_SV_MUTEX calls which should Do the Right Thing
85 if threads are enabled.
87 The function visit() scans the SV arenas list, and calls a specified
88 function for each SV it finds which is still live - ie which has an SvTYPE
89 other than all 1's, and a non-zero SvREFCNT. visit() is used by the
90 following functions (specified as [function that calls visit()] / [function
91 called by visit() for each SV]):
93 sv_report_used() / do_report_used()
94 dump all remaining SVs (debugging aid)
96 sv_clean_objs() / do_clean_objs(),do_clean_named_objs()
97 Attempt to free all objects pointed to by RVs,
98 and, unless DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE is defined,
99 try to do the same for all objects indirectly
100 referenced by typeglobs too. Called once from
101 perl_destruct(), prior to calling sv_clean_all()
104 sv_clean_all() / do_clean_all()
105 SvREFCNT_dec(sv) each remaining SV, possibly
106 triggering an sv_free(). It also sets the
107 SVf_BREAK flag on the SV to indicate that the
108 refcnt has been artificially lowered, and thus
109 stopping sv_free() from giving spurious warnings
110 about SVs which unexpectedly have a refcnt
111 of zero. called repeatedly from perl_destruct()
112 until there are no SVs left.
116 Private API to rest of sv.c
120 new_XIV(), del_XIV(),
121 new_XNV(), del_XNV(),
126 sv_report_used(), sv_clean_objs(), sv_clean_all(), sv_free_arenas()
131 ============================================================================ */
136 * "A time to plant, and a time to uproot what was planted..."
139 #define plant_SV(p) \
141 SvANY(p) = (void *)PL_sv_root; \
142 SvFLAGS(p) = SVTYPEMASK; \
147 /* sv_mutex must be held while calling uproot_SV() */
148 #define uproot_SV(p) \
151 PL_sv_root = (SV*)SvANY(p); \
156 /* new_SV(): return a new, empty SV head */
172 /* del_SV(): return an empty SV head to the free list */
187 S_del_sv(pTHX_ SV *p)
194 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = (SV *) SvANY(sva)) {
196 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
197 if (p >= sv && p < svend)
201 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
202 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL,
203 "Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%"UVxf,
211 #else /* ! DEBUGGING */
213 #define del_SV(p) plant_SV(p)
215 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
219 =for apidoc sv_add_arena
221 Given a chunk of memory, link it to the head of the list of arenas,
222 and split it into a list of free SVs.
228 Perl_sv_add_arena(pTHX_ char *ptr, U32 size, U32 flags)
233 Zero(ptr, size, char);
235 /* The first SV in an arena isn't an SV. */
236 SvANY(sva) = (void *) PL_sv_arenaroot; /* ptr to next arena */
237 SvREFCNT(sva) = size / sizeof(SV); /* number of SV slots */
238 SvFLAGS(sva) = flags; /* FAKE if not to be freed */
240 PL_sv_arenaroot = sva;
241 PL_sv_root = sva + 1;
243 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva) - 1];
246 SvANY(sv) = (void *)(SV*)(sv + 1);
247 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
251 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVTYPEMASK;
254 /* make some more SVs by adding another arena */
256 /* sv_mutex must be held while calling more_sv() */
263 sv_add_arena(PL_nice_chunk, PL_nice_chunk_size, 0);
264 PL_nice_chunk = Nullch;
265 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
268 char *chunk; /* must use New here to match call to */
269 New(704,chunk,1008,char); /* Safefree() in sv_free_arenas() */
270 sv_add_arena(chunk, 1008, 0);
276 /* visit(): call the named function for each non-free SV in the arenas. */
279 S_visit(pTHX_ SVFUNC_t f)
286 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = (SV*)SvANY(sva)) {
287 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
288 for (sv = sva + 1; sv < svend; ++sv) {
289 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK && SvREFCNT(sv)) {
298 /* called by sv_report_used() for each live SV */
301 do_report_used(pTHX_ SV *sv)
303 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK) {
304 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "****\n");
310 =for apidoc sv_report_used
312 Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid).
318 Perl_sv_report_used(pTHX)
320 visit(do_report_used);
323 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
326 do_clean_objs(pTHX_ SV *sv)
330 if (SvROK(sv) && SvOBJECT(rv = SvRV(sv))) {
331 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning object ref:\n "), sv_dump(sv)));
343 /* XXX Might want to check arrays, etc. */
346 /* called by sv_clean_objs() for each live SV */
348 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
350 do_clean_named_objs(pTHX_ SV *sv)
352 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV && GvGP(sv)) {
353 if ( SvOBJECT(GvSV(sv)) ||
354 (GvAV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvAV(sv))) ||
355 (GvHV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvHV(sv))) ||
356 (GvIO(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvIO(sv))) ||
357 (GvCV(sv) && SvOBJECT(GvCV(sv))) )
359 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning named glob object:\n "), sv_dump(sv)));
367 =for apidoc sv_clean_objs
369 Attempt to destroy all objects not yet freed
375 Perl_sv_clean_objs(pTHX)
377 PL_in_clean_objs = TRUE;
378 visit(do_clean_objs);
379 #ifndef DISABLE_DESTRUCTOR_KLUDGE
380 /* some barnacles may yet remain, clinging to typeglobs */
381 visit(do_clean_named_objs);
383 PL_in_clean_objs = FALSE;
386 /* called by sv_clean_all() for each live SV */
389 do_clean_all(pTHX_ SV *sv)
391 DEBUG_D((PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Cleaning loops: SV at 0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(sv)) ));
392 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_BREAK;
397 =for apidoc sv_clean_all
399 Decrement the refcnt of each remaining SV, possibly triggering a
400 cleanup. This function may have to be called multiple times to free
401 SVs which are in complex self-referential hierarchies.
407 Perl_sv_clean_all(pTHX)
410 PL_in_clean_all = TRUE;
411 cleaned = visit(do_clean_all);
412 PL_in_clean_all = FALSE;
417 =for apidoc sv_free_arenas
419 Deallocate the memory used by all arenas. Note that all the individual SV
420 heads and bodies within the arenas must already have been freed.
426 Perl_sv_free_arenas(pTHX)
430 XPV *arena, *arenanext;
432 /* Free arenas here, but be careful about fake ones. (We assume
433 contiguity of the fake ones with the corresponding real ones.) */
435 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = svanext) {
436 svanext = (SV*) SvANY(sva);
437 while (svanext && SvFAKE(svanext))
438 svanext = (SV*) SvANY(svanext);
441 Safefree((void *)sva);
444 for (arena = PL_xiv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
445 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
448 PL_xiv_arenaroot = 0;
450 for (arena = PL_xnv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
451 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
454 PL_xnv_arenaroot = 0;
456 for (arena = PL_xrv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
457 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
460 PL_xrv_arenaroot = 0;
462 for (arena = PL_xpv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
463 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
466 PL_xpv_arenaroot = 0;
468 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpviv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
469 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
472 PL_xpviv_arenaroot = 0;
474 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvnv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
475 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
478 PL_xpvnv_arenaroot = 0;
480 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvcv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
481 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
484 PL_xpvcv_arenaroot = 0;
486 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvav_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
487 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
490 PL_xpvav_arenaroot = 0;
492 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvhv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
493 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
496 PL_xpvhv_arenaroot = 0;
498 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvmg_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
499 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
502 PL_xpvmg_arenaroot = 0;
504 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvlv_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
505 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
508 PL_xpvlv_arenaroot = 0;
510 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_xpvbm_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
511 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
514 PL_xpvbm_arenaroot = 0;
516 for (arena = (XPV*)PL_he_arenaroot; arena; arena = arenanext) {
517 arenanext = (XPV*)arena->xpv_pv;
523 Safefree(PL_nice_chunk);
524 PL_nice_chunk = Nullch;
525 PL_nice_chunk_size = 0;
531 =for apidoc report_uninit
533 Print appropriate "Use of uninitialized variable" warning
539 Perl_report_uninit(pTHX)
542 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNINITIALIZED, PL_warn_uninit,
543 " in ", OP_DESC(PL_op));
545 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNINITIALIZED, PL_warn_uninit, "", "");
548 /* grab a new IV body from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
559 * See comment in more_xiv() -- RAM.
561 PL_xiv_root = *(IV**)xiv;
563 return (XPVIV*)((char*)xiv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
566 /* return an IV body to the free list */
569 S_del_xiv(pTHX_ XPVIV *p)
571 IV* xiv = (IV*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
573 *(IV**)xiv = PL_xiv_root;
578 /* allocate another arena's worth of IV bodies */
586 New(705, ptr, 1008/sizeof(XPV), XPV);
587 ptr->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xiv_arenaroot; /* linked list of xiv arenas */
588 PL_xiv_arenaroot = ptr; /* to keep Purify happy */
591 xivend = &xiv[1008 / sizeof(IV) - 1];
592 xiv += (sizeof(XPV) - 1) / sizeof(IV) + 1; /* fudge by size of XPV */
594 while (xiv < xivend) {
595 *(IV**)xiv = (IV *)(xiv + 1);
601 /* grab a new NV body from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
611 PL_xnv_root = *(NV**)xnv;
613 return (XPVNV*)((char*)xnv - STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_nv));
616 /* return an NV body to the free list */
619 S_del_xnv(pTHX_ XPVNV *p)
621 NV* xnv = (NV*)((char*)(p) + STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVNV, xnv_nv));
623 *(NV**)xnv = PL_xnv_root;
628 /* allocate another arena's worth of NV bodies */
636 New(711, ptr, 1008/sizeof(XPV), XPV);
637 ptr->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xnv_arenaroot;
638 PL_xnv_arenaroot = ptr;
641 xnvend = &xnv[1008 / sizeof(NV) - 1];
642 xnv += (sizeof(XPVIV) - 1) / sizeof(NV) + 1; /* fudge by sizeof XPVIV */
644 while (xnv < xnvend) {
645 *(NV**)xnv = (NV*)(xnv + 1);
651 /* grab a new struct xrv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
661 PL_xrv_root = (XRV*)xrv->xrv_rv;
666 /* return a struct xrv to the free list */
669 S_del_xrv(pTHX_ XRV *p)
672 p->xrv_rv = (SV*)PL_xrv_root;
677 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xrv */
683 register XRV* xrvend;
685 New(712, ptr, 1008/sizeof(XPV), XPV);
686 ptr->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xrv_arenaroot;
687 PL_xrv_arenaroot = ptr;
690 xrvend = &xrv[1008 / sizeof(XRV) - 1];
691 xrv += (sizeof(XPV) - 1) / sizeof(XRV) + 1;
693 while (xrv < xrvend) {
694 xrv->xrv_rv = (SV*)(xrv + 1);
700 /* grab a new struct xpv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
710 PL_xpv_root = (XPV*)xpv->xpv_pv;
715 /* return a struct xpv to the free list */
718 S_del_xpv(pTHX_ XPV *p)
721 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpv_root;
726 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpv */
732 register XPV* xpvend;
733 New(713, xpv, 1008/sizeof(XPV), XPV);
734 xpv->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpv_arenaroot;
735 PL_xpv_arenaroot = xpv;
737 xpvend = &xpv[1008 / sizeof(XPV) - 1];
739 while (xpv < xpvend) {
740 xpv->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpv + 1);
746 /* grab a new struct xpviv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
755 xpviv = PL_xpviv_root;
756 PL_xpviv_root = (XPVIV*)xpviv->xpv_pv;
761 /* return a struct xpviv to the free list */
764 S_del_xpviv(pTHX_ XPVIV *p)
767 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpviv_root;
772 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpviv */
777 register XPVIV* xpviv;
778 register XPVIV* xpvivend;
779 New(714, xpviv, 1008/sizeof(XPVIV), XPVIV);
780 xpviv->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpviv_arenaroot;
781 PL_xpviv_arenaroot = xpviv;
783 xpvivend = &xpviv[1008 / sizeof(XPVIV) - 1];
784 PL_xpviv_root = ++xpviv;
785 while (xpviv < xpvivend) {
786 xpviv->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpviv + 1);
792 /* grab a new struct xpvnv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
801 xpvnv = PL_xpvnv_root;
802 PL_xpvnv_root = (XPVNV*)xpvnv->xpv_pv;
807 /* return a struct xpvnv to the free list */
810 S_del_xpvnv(pTHX_ XPVNV *p)
813 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvnv_root;
818 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvnv */
823 register XPVNV* xpvnv;
824 register XPVNV* xpvnvend;
825 New(715, xpvnv, 1008/sizeof(XPVNV), XPVNV);
826 xpvnv->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvnv_arenaroot;
827 PL_xpvnv_arenaroot = xpvnv;
829 xpvnvend = &xpvnv[1008 / sizeof(XPVNV) - 1];
830 PL_xpvnv_root = ++xpvnv;
831 while (xpvnv < xpvnvend) {
832 xpvnv->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpvnv + 1);
838 /* grab a new struct xpvcv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
847 xpvcv = PL_xpvcv_root;
848 PL_xpvcv_root = (XPVCV*)xpvcv->xpv_pv;
853 /* return a struct xpvcv to the free list */
856 S_del_xpvcv(pTHX_ XPVCV *p)
859 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvcv_root;
864 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvcv */
869 register XPVCV* xpvcv;
870 register XPVCV* xpvcvend;
871 New(716, xpvcv, 1008/sizeof(XPVCV), XPVCV);
872 xpvcv->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvcv_arenaroot;
873 PL_xpvcv_arenaroot = xpvcv;
875 xpvcvend = &xpvcv[1008 / sizeof(XPVCV) - 1];
876 PL_xpvcv_root = ++xpvcv;
877 while (xpvcv < xpvcvend) {
878 xpvcv->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpvcv + 1);
884 /* grab a new struct xpvav from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
893 xpvav = PL_xpvav_root;
894 PL_xpvav_root = (XPVAV*)xpvav->xav_array;
899 /* return a struct xpvav to the free list */
902 S_del_xpvav(pTHX_ XPVAV *p)
905 p->xav_array = (char*)PL_xpvav_root;
910 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvav */
915 register XPVAV* xpvav;
916 register XPVAV* xpvavend;
917 New(717, xpvav, 1008/sizeof(XPVAV), XPVAV);
918 xpvav->xav_array = (char*)PL_xpvav_arenaroot;
919 PL_xpvav_arenaroot = xpvav;
921 xpvavend = &xpvav[1008 / sizeof(XPVAV) - 1];
922 PL_xpvav_root = ++xpvav;
923 while (xpvav < xpvavend) {
924 xpvav->xav_array = (char*)(xpvav + 1);
927 xpvav->xav_array = 0;
930 /* grab a new struct xpvhv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
939 xpvhv = PL_xpvhv_root;
940 PL_xpvhv_root = (XPVHV*)xpvhv->xhv_array;
945 /* return a struct xpvhv to the free list */
948 S_del_xpvhv(pTHX_ XPVHV *p)
951 p->xhv_array = (char*)PL_xpvhv_root;
956 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvhv */
961 register XPVHV* xpvhv;
962 register XPVHV* xpvhvend;
963 New(718, xpvhv, 1008/sizeof(XPVHV), XPVHV);
964 xpvhv->xhv_array = (char*)PL_xpvhv_arenaroot;
965 PL_xpvhv_arenaroot = xpvhv;
967 xpvhvend = &xpvhv[1008 / sizeof(XPVHV) - 1];
968 PL_xpvhv_root = ++xpvhv;
969 while (xpvhv < xpvhvend) {
970 xpvhv->xhv_array = (char*)(xpvhv + 1);
973 xpvhv->xhv_array = 0;
976 /* grab a new struct xpvmg from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
985 xpvmg = PL_xpvmg_root;
986 PL_xpvmg_root = (XPVMG*)xpvmg->xpv_pv;
991 /* return a struct xpvmg to the free list */
994 S_del_xpvmg(pTHX_ XPVMG *p)
997 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvmg_root;
1002 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvmg */
1007 register XPVMG* xpvmg;
1008 register XPVMG* xpvmgend;
1009 New(719, xpvmg, 1008/sizeof(XPVMG), XPVMG);
1010 xpvmg->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvmg_arenaroot;
1011 PL_xpvmg_arenaroot = xpvmg;
1013 xpvmgend = &xpvmg[1008 / sizeof(XPVMG) - 1];
1014 PL_xpvmg_root = ++xpvmg;
1015 while (xpvmg < xpvmgend) {
1016 xpvmg->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpvmg + 1);
1022 /* grab a new struct xpvlv from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1031 xpvlv = PL_xpvlv_root;
1032 PL_xpvlv_root = (XPVLV*)xpvlv->xpv_pv;
1037 /* return a struct xpvlv to the free list */
1040 S_del_xpvlv(pTHX_ XPVLV *p)
1043 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvlv_root;
1048 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvlv */
1053 register XPVLV* xpvlv;
1054 register XPVLV* xpvlvend;
1055 New(720, xpvlv, 1008/sizeof(XPVLV), XPVLV);
1056 xpvlv->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvlv_arenaroot;
1057 PL_xpvlv_arenaroot = xpvlv;
1059 xpvlvend = &xpvlv[1008 / sizeof(XPVLV) - 1];
1060 PL_xpvlv_root = ++xpvlv;
1061 while (xpvlv < xpvlvend) {
1062 xpvlv->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpvlv + 1);
1068 /* grab a new struct xpvbm from the free list, allocating more if necessary */
1077 xpvbm = PL_xpvbm_root;
1078 PL_xpvbm_root = (XPVBM*)xpvbm->xpv_pv;
1083 /* return a struct xpvbm to the free list */
1086 S_del_xpvbm(pTHX_ XPVBM *p)
1089 p->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvbm_root;
1094 /* allocate another arena's worth of struct xpvbm */
1099 register XPVBM* xpvbm;
1100 register XPVBM* xpvbmend;
1101 New(721, xpvbm, 1008/sizeof(XPVBM), XPVBM);
1102 xpvbm->xpv_pv = (char*)PL_xpvbm_arenaroot;
1103 PL_xpvbm_arenaroot = xpvbm;
1105 xpvbmend = &xpvbm[1008 / sizeof(XPVBM) - 1];
1106 PL_xpvbm_root = ++xpvbm;
1107 while (xpvbm < xpvbmend) {
1108 xpvbm->xpv_pv = (char*)(xpvbm + 1);
1115 # define my_safemalloc(s) (void*)safexmalloc(717,s)
1116 # define my_safefree(p) safexfree((char*)p)
1118 # define my_safemalloc(s) (void*)safemalloc(s)
1119 # define my_safefree(p) safefree((char*)p)
1124 #define new_XIV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVIV))
1125 #define del_XIV(p) my_safefree(p)
1127 #define new_XNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1128 #define del_XNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1130 #define new_XRV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XRV))
1131 #define del_XRV(p) my_safefree(p)
1133 #define new_XPV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPV))
1134 #define del_XPV(p) my_safefree(p)
1136 #define new_XPVIV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVIV))
1137 #define del_XPVIV(p) my_safefree(p)
1139 #define new_XPVNV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVNV))
1140 #define del_XPVNV(p) my_safefree(p)
1142 #define new_XPVCV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVCV))
1143 #define del_XPVCV(p) my_safefree(p)
1145 #define new_XPVAV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVAV))
1146 #define del_XPVAV(p) my_safefree(p)
1148 #define new_XPVHV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVHV))
1149 #define del_XPVHV(p) my_safefree(p)
1151 #define new_XPVMG() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVMG))
1152 #define del_XPVMG(p) my_safefree(p)
1154 #define new_XPVLV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVLV))
1155 #define del_XPVLV(p) my_safefree(p)
1157 #define new_XPVBM() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVBM))
1158 #define del_XPVBM(p) my_safefree(p)
1162 #define new_XIV() (void*)new_xiv()
1163 #define del_XIV(p) del_xiv((XPVIV*) p)
1165 #define new_XNV() (void*)new_xnv()
1166 #define del_XNV(p) del_xnv((XPVNV*) p)
1168 #define new_XRV() (void*)new_xrv()
1169 #define del_XRV(p) del_xrv((XRV*) p)
1171 #define new_XPV() (void*)new_xpv()
1172 #define del_XPV(p) del_xpv((XPV *)p)
1174 #define new_XPVIV() (void*)new_xpviv()
1175 #define del_XPVIV(p) del_xpviv((XPVIV *)p)
1177 #define new_XPVNV() (void*)new_xpvnv()
1178 #define del_XPVNV(p) del_xpvnv((XPVNV *)p)
1180 #define new_XPVCV() (void*)new_xpvcv()
1181 #define del_XPVCV(p) del_xpvcv((XPVCV *)p)
1183 #define new_XPVAV() (void*)new_xpvav()
1184 #define del_XPVAV(p) del_xpvav((XPVAV *)p)
1186 #define new_XPVHV() (void*)new_xpvhv()
1187 #define del_XPVHV(p) del_xpvhv((XPVHV *)p)
1189 #define new_XPVMG() (void*)new_xpvmg()
1190 #define del_XPVMG(p) del_xpvmg((XPVMG *)p)
1192 #define new_XPVLV() (void*)new_xpvlv()
1193 #define del_XPVLV(p) del_xpvlv((XPVLV *)p)
1195 #define new_XPVBM() (void*)new_xpvbm()
1196 #define del_XPVBM(p) del_xpvbm((XPVBM *)p)
1200 #define new_XPVGV() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVGV))
1201 #define del_XPVGV(p) my_safefree(p)
1203 #define new_XPVFM() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVFM))
1204 #define del_XPVFM(p) my_safefree(p)
1206 #define new_XPVIO() my_safemalloc(sizeof(XPVIO))
1207 #define del_XPVIO(p) my_safefree(p)
1210 =for apidoc sv_upgrade
1212 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the
1213 SV, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body.
1214 You generally want to use the C<SvUPGRADE> macro wrapper. See also C<svtype>.
1220 Perl_sv_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *sv, U32 mt)
1230 if (mt != SVt_PV && SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
1231 sv_force_normal(sv);
1234 if (SvTYPE(sv) == mt)
1238 (void)SvOOK_off(sv);
1240 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1261 else if (mt < SVt_PVIV)
1278 pv = (char*)SvRV(sv);
1298 else if (mt == SVt_NV)
1309 del_XPVIV(SvANY(sv));
1319 del_XPVNV(SvANY(sv));
1327 magic = SvMAGIC(sv);
1328 stash = SvSTASH(sv);
1329 del_XPVMG(SvANY(sv));
1332 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade that kind of scalar");
1337 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't upgrade to undef");
1339 SvANY(sv) = new_XIV();
1343 SvANY(sv) = new_XNV();
1347 SvANY(sv) = new_XRV();
1351 SvANY(sv) = new_XPV();
1357 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVIV();
1367 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVNV();
1375 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVMG();
1381 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1382 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1385 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVLV();
1391 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1392 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1399 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVAV();
1407 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1408 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1414 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVHV();
1422 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1423 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1430 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVCV();
1431 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVCV);
1437 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1438 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1441 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVGV();
1447 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1448 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1456 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVBM();
1462 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1463 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1469 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVFM();
1470 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVFM);
1476 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1477 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1480 SvANY(sv) = new_XPVIO();
1481 Zero(SvANY(sv), 1, XPVIO);
1487 SvMAGIC(sv) = magic;
1488 SvSTASH(sv) = stash;
1489 IoPAGE_LEN(sv) = 60;
1492 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
1498 =for apidoc sv_backoff
1500 Remove any string offset. You should normally use the C<SvOOK_off> macro
1507 Perl_sv_backoff(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
1511 char *s = SvPVX(sv);
1512 SvLEN(sv) += SvIVX(sv);
1513 SvPVX(sv) -= SvIVX(sv);
1515 Move(s, SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv)+1, char);
1517 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
1524 Expands the character buffer in the SV. If necessary, uses C<sv_unref> and
1525 upgrades the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
1526 Use the C<SvGROW> wrapper instead.
1532 Perl_sv_grow(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register STRLEN newlen)
1536 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1537 if (newlen >= 0x10000) {
1538 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1539 "Allocation too large: %"UVxf"\n", (UV)newlen);
1542 #endif /* HAS_64K_LIMIT */
1545 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV) {
1546 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
1549 else if (SvOOK(sv)) { /* pv is offset? */
1552 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv))
1553 newlen += 10 * (newlen - SvCUR(sv)); /* avoid copy each time */
1554 #ifdef HAS_64K_LIMIT
1555 if (newlen >= 0x10000)
1561 if (newlen > SvLEN(sv)) { /* need more room? */
1562 if (SvLEN(sv) && s) {
1563 #if defined(MYMALLOC) && !defined(LEAKTEST)
1564 STRLEN l = malloced_size((void*)SvPVX(sv));
1570 Renew(s,newlen,char);
1573 /* sv_force_normal_flags() must not try to unshare the new
1574 PVX we allocate below. AMS 20010713 */
1575 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
1579 New(703, s, newlen, char);
1582 SvLEN_set(sv, newlen);
1588 =for apidoc sv_setiv
1590 Copies an integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1591 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setiv_mg>.
1597 Perl_sv_setiv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, IV i)
1599 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
1600 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1602 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
1605 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1609 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
1618 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to integer in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1621 (void)SvIOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1627 =for apidoc sv_setiv_mg
1629 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1635 Perl_sv_setiv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, IV i)
1642 =for apidoc sv_setuv
1644 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1645 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setuv_mg>.
1651 Perl_sv_setuv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, UV u)
1653 /* With these two if statements:
1654 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
1657 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
1659 If you wish to remove them, please benchmark to see what the effect is
1661 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1662 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
1671 =for apidoc sv_setuv_mg
1673 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1679 Perl_sv_setuv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, UV u)
1681 /* With these two if statements:
1682 u=1.49 s=0.52 cu=72.49 cs=10.64 scripts=270 tests=20865
1685 u=1.35 s=0.47 cu=73.45 cs=11.43 scripts=270 tests=20865
1687 If you wish to remove them, please benchmark to see what the effect is
1689 if (u <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1690 sv_setiv(sv, (IV)u);
1700 =for apidoc sv_setnv
1702 Copies a double into the given SV, upgrading first if necessary.
1703 Does not handle 'set' magic. See also C<sv_setnv_mg>.
1709 Perl_sv_setnv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, NV num)
1711 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
1712 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1715 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
1720 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1729 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't coerce %s to number in %s", sv_reftype(sv,0),
1733 (void)SvNOK_only(sv); /* validate number */
1738 =for apidoc sv_setnv_mg
1740 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
1746 Perl_sv_setnv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, NV num)
1752 /* Print an "isn't numeric" warning, using a cleaned-up,
1753 * printable version of the offending string
1757 S_not_a_number(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1761 char *limit = tmpbuf + sizeof(tmpbuf) - 8;
1762 /* each *s can expand to 4 chars + "...\0",
1763 i.e. need room for 8 chars */
1766 for (s = SvPVX(sv), end = s + SvCUR(sv); s < end && d < limit; s++) {
1768 if (ch & 128 && !isPRINT_LC(ch)) {
1777 else if (ch == '\r') {
1781 else if (ch == '\f') {
1785 else if (ch == '\\') {
1789 else if (ch == '\0') {
1793 else if (isPRINT_LC(ch))
1808 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NUMERIC,
1809 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric in %s", tmpbuf,
1812 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NUMERIC,
1813 "Argument \"%s\" isn't numeric", tmpbuf);
1817 =for apidoc looks_like_number
1819 Test if the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).
1820 C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not issue a
1821 non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
1827 Perl_looks_like_number(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1829 register char *sbegin;
1836 else if (SvPOKp(sv))
1837 sbegin = SvPV(sv, len);
1839 return 1; /* Historic. Wrong? */
1840 return grok_number(sbegin, len, NULL);
1843 /* Actually, ISO C leaves conversion of UV to IV undefined, but
1844 until proven guilty, assume that things are not that bad... */
1849 As 64 bit platforms often have an NV that doesn't preserve all bits of
1850 an IV (an assumption perl has been based on to date) it becomes necessary
1851 to remove the assumption that the NV always carries enough precision to
1852 recreate the IV whenever needed, and that the NV is the canonical form.
1853 Instead, IV/UV and NV need to be given equal rights. So as to not lose
1854 precision as a side effect of conversion (which would lead to insanity
1855 and the dragon(s) in t/op/numconvert.t getting very angry) the intent is
1856 1) to distinguish between IV/UV/NV slots that have cached a valid
1857 conversion where precision was lost and IV/UV/NV slots that have a
1858 valid conversion which has lost no precision
1859 2) to ensure that if a numeric conversion to one form is requested that
1860 would lose precision, the precise conversion (or differently
1861 imprecise conversion) is also performed and cached, to prevent
1862 requests for different numeric formats on the same SV causing
1863 lossy conversion chains. (lossless conversion chains are perfectly
1868 SvIOKp is true if the IV slot contains a valid value
1869 SvIOK is true only if the IV value is accurate (UV if SvIOK_UV true)
1870 SvNOKp is true if the NV slot contains a valid value
1871 SvNOK is true only if the NV value is accurate
1874 while converting from PV to NV, check to see if converting that NV to an
1875 IV(or UV) would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to
1876 IV(or UV). If it would, cache both conversions, return NV, but mark
1877 SV as IOK NOKp (ie not NOK).
1879 While converting from PV to IV, check to see if converting that IV to an
1880 NV would lose accuracy over a direct conversion from PV to NV. If it
1881 would, cache both conversions, flag similarly.
1883 Before, the SV value "3.2" could become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOK quite
1884 correctly because if IV & NV were set NV *always* overruled.
1885 Now, "3.2" will become NV=3.2 IV=3 NOK, IOKp, because the flag's meaning
1886 changes - now IV and NV together means that the two are interchangeable:
1887 SvIVX == (IV) SvNVX && SvNVX == (NV) SvIVX;
1889 The benefit of this is that operations such as pp_add know that if
1890 SvIOK is true for both left and right operands, then integer addition
1891 can be used instead of floating point (for cases where the result won't
1892 overflow). Before, floating point was always used, which could lead to
1893 loss of precision compared with integer addition.
1895 * making IV and NV equal status should make maths accurate on 64 bit
1897 * may speed up maths somewhat if pp_add and friends start to use
1898 integers when possible instead of fp. (Hopefully the overhead in
1899 looking for SvIOK and checking for overflow will not outweigh the
1900 fp to integer speedup)
1901 * will slow down integer operations (callers of SvIV) on "inaccurate"
1902 values, as the change from SvIOK to SvIOKp will cause a call into
1903 sv_2iv each time rather than a macro access direct to the IV slot
1904 * should speed up number->string conversion on integers as IV is
1905 favoured when IV and NV are equally accurate
1907 ####################################################################
1908 You had better be using SvIOK_notUV if you want an IV for arithmetic:
1909 SvIOK is true if (IV or UV), so you might be getting (IV)SvUV.
1910 On the other hand, SvUOK is true iff UV.
1911 ####################################################################
1913 Your mileage will vary depending your CPU's relative fp to integer
1917 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1918 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV 1
1919 # define IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV 2
1920 # define IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV 2
1921 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV 4
1922 # define IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV 5
1924 /* sv_2iuv_non_preserve(): private routine for use by sv_2iv() and sv_2uv() */
1926 /* For sv_2nv these three cases are "SvNOK and don't bother casting" */
1928 S_sv_2iuv_non_preserve(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 numtype)
1930 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"sv_2iuv_non '%s', IV=0x%"UVxf" NV=%g inttype=%"UVXf"\n", SvPVX(sv), SvIVX(sv), SvNVX(sv), (UV)numtype));
1931 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MIN) {
1932 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1935 return IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_IV;
1937 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
1938 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1942 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1944 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
1946 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string. (See truth table in
1948 if (SvNVX(sv) <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
1949 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
1950 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1951 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, IOK */
1953 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1955 return SvNVX(sv) < 0 ? IS_NUMBER_UNDERFLOW_UV : IS_NUMBER_IV_AND_UV;
1958 SvUVX(sv) = U_V(SvNVX(sv));
1959 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
1960 if (SvUVX(sv) == UV_MAX) {
1961 /* As we know that NVs don't preserve UVs, UV_MAX cannot
1962 possibly be preserved by NV. Hence, it must be overflow.
1964 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_UV;
1966 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Integer is precise. NOK, UOK */
1968 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
1970 return IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV;
1972 #endif /* !NV_PRESERVES_UV*/
1977 Return the integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string conversion,
1978 magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvIV(sv)> and C<SvIVx(sv)> macros.
1984 Perl_sv_2iv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
1988 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
1993 return I_V(SvNVX(sv));
1995 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv))
1998 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
1999 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2005 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2008 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
2009 (SvTYPE(tmpstr) != SVt_RV || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2010 return SvIV(tmpstr);
2011 return PTR2IV(SvRV(sv));
2013 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
2014 sv_force_normal(sv);
2016 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2017 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2024 return (IV)(SvUVX(sv));
2031 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
2032 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
2033 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
2034 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. NWC */
2036 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
2037 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2039 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
2040 /* < not <= as for NV doesn't preserve UV, ((NV)IV_MAX+1) will almost
2041 certainly cast into the IV range at IV_MAX, whereas the correct
2042 answer is the UV IV_MAX +1. Hence < ensures that dodgy boundary
2044 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2045 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2046 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2047 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2048 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2049 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2050 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2051 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2052 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2055 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2056 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2057 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2063 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2064 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2065 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2066 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2067 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2068 "0x%"UVxf" iv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2073 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2074 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2075 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2076 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2077 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2078 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2079 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2080 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2083 SvUVX(sv) = U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2085 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2086 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2087 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2088 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2089 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2090 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2091 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2092 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2098 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2099 "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2103 return (IV)SvUVX(sv);
2106 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2108 int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2109 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache an IV which
2110 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2111 the same as the direct translation of the initial string
2112 (eg 123.456 can shortcut to the IV 123 with atol(), but we must
2113 be careful to ensure that the value with the .456 is around if the
2114 NV value is requested in the future).
2116 This means that if we cache such an IV, we need to cache the
2117 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2118 cache the NV if we are sure it's not needed.
2121 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2122 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2123 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2124 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2125 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2126 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2128 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2129 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2131 /* If NV preserves UV then we only use the UV value if we know that
2132 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2133 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2134 return, even though value isn't perfectly accurate. */
2135 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2136 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2139 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2140 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2141 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2143 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2145 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2146 SvIVX(sv) = (IV)value;
2152 /* 2s complement assumption */
2153 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2154 SvIVX(sv) = -(IV)value;
2156 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2157 I'm assuming it will be be rare. */
2158 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2159 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2163 SvNVX(sv) = -(NV)value;
2168 /* For !NV_PRESERVES_UV and IS_NUMBER_IN_UV and IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT we
2169 will be in the previous block to set the IV slot, and the next
2170 block to set the NV slot. So no else here. */
2172 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2173 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2174 /* It wasn't an (integer that doesn't overflow the UV). */
2175 SvNVX(sv) = Atof(SvPVX(sv));
2177 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2180 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2181 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2182 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2184 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%g)\n",
2185 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2189 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2190 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2192 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2193 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2194 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2197 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2199 /* UV will not work better than IV */
2201 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2203 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2207 SvUVX(sv) = U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2208 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here */
2209 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2213 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2219 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2220 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2221 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
2222 /* The IV slot will have been set from value returned by
2223 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
2226 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
2228 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2229 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2230 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
2231 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2233 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2234 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
2236 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
2237 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
2238 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
2240 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2iv assumed (U_V(fabs(SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%g U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
2244 0 0 already failed to read UV.
2245 0 1 already failed to read UV.
2246 1 0 you won't get here in this case. IV/UV
2247 slot set, public IOK, Atof() unneeded.
2248 1 1 already read UV.
2249 so there's no point in sv_2iuv_non_preserve() attempting
2250 to use atol, strtol, strtoul etc. */
2251 if (sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype)
2252 >= IS_NUMBER_OVERFLOW_IV)
2256 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2259 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
2261 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
2262 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2263 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2266 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2iv(%"IVdf")\n",
2267 PTR2UV(sv),SvIVX(sv)));
2268 return SvIsUV(sv) ? (IV)SvUVX(sv) : SvIVX(sv);
2274 Return the unsigned integer value of an SV, doing any necessary string
2275 conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvUV(sv)> and C<SvUVx(sv)>
2282 Perl_sv_2uv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
2286 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2291 return U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2292 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv))
2295 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2296 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2302 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2305 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
2306 (SvTYPE(tmpstr) != SVt_RV || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2307 return SvUV(tmpstr);
2308 return PTR2UV(SvRV(sv));
2310 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
2311 sv_force_normal(sv);
2313 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2314 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2324 return (UV)SvIVX(sv);
2328 /* erm. not sure. *should* never get NOKp (without NOK) from sv_2nv
2329 * without also getting a cached IV/UV from it at the same time
2330 * (ie PV->NV conversion should detect loss of accuracy and cache
2331 * IV or UV at same time to avoid this. */
2332 /* IV-over-UV optimisation - choose to cache IV if possible */
2334 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_NV)
2335 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2337 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv); /* Must do this first, to clear any SvOOK */
2338 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2339 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2340 if (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvIVX(sv)
2341 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2342 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2343 (UV)(SvIVX(sv) > 0 ? SvIVX(sv) : -SvIVX(sv)))
2344 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2345 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2346 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2349 SvIOK_on(sv); /* Can this go wrong with rounding? NWC */
2350 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2351 "0x%"UVxf" uv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (precise)\n",
2357 /* IV not precise. No need to convert from PV, as NV
2358 conversion would already have cached IV if it detected
2359 that PV->IV would be better than PV->NV->IV
2360 flags already correct - don't set public IOK. */
2361 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2362 "0x%"UVxf" uv(%"NVgf" => %"IVdf") (imprecise)\n",
2367 /* Can the above go wrong if SvIVX == IV_MIN and SvNVX < IV_MIN,
2368 but the cast (NV)IV_MIN rounds to a the value less (more
2369 negative) than IV_MIN which happens to be equal to SvNVX ??
2370 Analogous to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF rounding up to NV (2**64) and
2371 NV rounding back to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, so UVX == UV(NVX) and
2372 (NV)UVX == NVX are both true, but the values differ. :-(
2373 Hopefully for 2s complement IV_MIN is something like
2374 0x8000000000000000 which will be exact. NWC */
2377 SvUVX(sv) = U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2379 (SvNVX(sv) == (NV) SvUVX(sv))
2380 #ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2381 /* Make sure it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2382 /*&& (SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) irrelevant with code below */
2383 && (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) > SvUVX(sv))
2384 /* Don't flag it as "accurately an integer" if the number
2385 came from a (by definition imprecise) NV operation, and
2386 we're outside the range of NV integer precision */
2391 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2392 "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf" => %"IVdf") (as unsigned)\n",
2398 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2400 int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2402 /* We want to avoid a possible problem when we cache a UV which
2403 may be later translated to an NV, and the resulting NV is not
2404 the translation of the initial data.
2406 This means that if we cache such a UV, we need to cache the
2407 NV as well. Moreover, we trade speed for space, and do not
2408 cache the NV if not needed.
2411 /* SVt_PVNV is one higher than SVt_PVIV, hence this order */
2412 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2413 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2414 /* It's definitely an integer, only upgrade to PVIV */
2415 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
2416 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
2418 } else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2419 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2421 /* If NV preserves UV then we only use the UV value if we know that
2422 we aren't going to call atof() below. If NVs don't preserve UVs
2423 then the value returned may have more precision than atof() will
2424 return, even though it isn't accurate. */
2425 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV
2426 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2429 )) == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2430 /* This won't turn off the public IOK flag if it was set above */
2431 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2433 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG)) {
2435 if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2436 SvIVX(sv) = (IV)value;
2438 /* it didn't overflow, and it was positive. */
2443 /* 2s complement assumption */
2444 if (value <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
2445 SvIVX(sv) = -(IV)value;
2447 /* Too negative for an IV. This is a double upgrade, but
2448 I'm assuming it will be be rare. */
2449 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2450 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2454 SvNVX(sv) = -(NV)value;
2460 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2461 != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2462 /* It wasn't an integer, or it overflowed the UV. */
2463 SvNVX(sv) = Atof(SvPVX(sv));
2465 if (! numtype && ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2468 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2469 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2470 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2472 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%g)\n",
2473 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv)));
2476 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2477 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2479 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2480 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2481 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2484 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp */
2486 /* UV will not work better than IV */
2488 if (SvNVX(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX) {
2490 /* Integer is inaccurate. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2494 SvUVX(sv) = U_V(SvNVX(sv));
2495 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF not an issue in here, NVs
2496 NV preservse UV so can do correct comparison. */
2497 if ((NV)(SvUVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv)) {
2501 /* Integer is imprecise. NOK, IOKp, is UV */
2506 #else /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2507 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2508 == (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT)) {
2509 /* The UV slot will have been set from value returned by
2510 grok_number above. The NV slot has just been set using
2513 assert (SvIOKp(sv));
2515 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2516 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2517 /* Small enough to preserve all bits. */
2518 (void)SvIOKp_on(sv);
2520 SvIVX(sv) = I_V(SvNVX(sv));
2521 if ((NV)(SvIVX(sv)) == SvNVX(sv))
2523 /* Assumption: first non-preserved integer is < IV_MAX,
2524 this NV is in the preserved range, therefore: */
2525 if (!(U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))
2527 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sv_2uv assumed (U_V(fabs(SvNVX(sv))) < (UV)IV_MAX) but SvNVX(sv)=%g U_V is 0x%"UVxf", IV_MAX is 0x%"UVxf"\n", SvNVX(sv), U_V(SvNVX(sv)), (UV)IV_MAX);
2530 sv_2iuv_non_preserve (sv, numtype);
2532 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2536 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2537 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2540 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_IV)
2541 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2542 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_IV);
2546 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2uv(%"UVuf")\n",
2547 PTR2UV(sv),SvUVX(sv)));
2548 return SvIsUV(sv) ? SvUVX(sv) : (UV)SvIVX(sv);
2554 Return the num value of an SV, doing any necessary string or integer
2555 conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the C<SvNV(sv)> and C<SvNVx(sv)>
2562 Perl_sv_2nv(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
2566 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2570 if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2571 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) && !SvIOKp(sv) &&
2572 !grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), NULL))
2574 return Atof(SvPVX(sv));
2578 return (NV)SvUVX(sv);
2580 return (NV)SvIVX(sv);
2583 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2584 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2590 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2593 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,numer)) &&
2594 (SvTYPE(tmpstr) != SVt_RV || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2595 return SvNV(tmpstr);
2596 return PTR2NV(SvRV(sv));
2598 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
2599 sv_force_normal(sv);
2601 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
2602 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
2607 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV) {
2608 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_IV)
2609 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2611 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
2612 #ifdef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
2614 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2615 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2616 "0x%"UVxf" num(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2617 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2618 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2622 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2623 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" num(%g)\n",
2624 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2625 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2629 else if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
2630 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
2635 SvNVX(sv) = SvIsUV(sv) ? (NV)SvUVX(sv) : (NV)SvIVX(sv);
2636 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2639 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the IV */
2640 /* Check it's not 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF */
2641 if (SvIsUV(sv) ? ((SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX)&&(SvUVX(sv) == U_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2642 : (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(SvNVX(sv))))
2648 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
2650 int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2651 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC) && !SvIOKp(sv) && !numtype)
2653 #ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
2654 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2655 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2656 /* It's definitely an integer */
2657 SvNVX(sv) = (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) ? -(NV)value : (NV)value;
2659 SvNVX(sv) = Atof(SvPVX(sv));
2662 SvNVX(sv) = Atof(SvPVX(sv));
2663 /* Only set the public NV OK flag if this NV preserves the value in
2664 the PV at least as well as an IV/UV would.
2665 Not sure how to do this 100% reliably. */
2666 /* if that shift count is out of range then Configure's test is
2667 wonky. We shouldn't be in here with NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS ==
2669 if (((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS) >
2670 U_V(SvNVX(sv) > 0 ? SvNVX(sv) : -SvNVX(sv))) {
2671 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Definitely small enough to preserve all bits */
2672 } else if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
2673 /* Can't use strtol etc to convert this string, so don't try.
2674 sv_2iv and sv_2uv will use the NV to convert, not the PV. */
2677 /* value has been set. It may not be precise. */
2678 if ((numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) && (value > (UV)IV_MIN)) {
2679 /* 2s complement assumption for (UV)IV_MIN */
2680 SvNOK_on(sv); /* Integer is too negative. */
2685 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2686 SvIVX(sv) = -(IV)value;
2687 } else if (value <= (UV)IV_MAX) {
2688 SvIVX(sv) = (IV)value;
2694 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2695 /* I believe that even if the original PV had decimals,
2696 they are lost beyond the limit of the FP precision.
2697 However, neither is canonical, so both only get p
2698 flags. NWC, 2000/11/25 */
2699 /* Both already have p flags, so do nothing */
2702 if (SvNVX(sv) < (NV)IV_MAX + 0.5) {
2703 if (SvIVX(sv) == I_V(nv)) {
2708 /* It had no "." so it must be integer. */
2711 /* between IV_MAX and NV(UV_MAX).
2712 Could be slightly > UV_MAX */
2714 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT) {
2715 /* UV and NV both imprecise. */
2717 UV nv_as_uv = U_V(nv);
2719 if (value == nv_as_uv && SvUVX(sv) != UV_MAX) {
2730 #endif /* NV_PRESERVES_UV */
2733 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
2735 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_NV)
2736 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
2737 /* XXX Ilya implies that this is a bug in callers that assume this
2738 and ideally should be fixed. */
2739 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_NV);
2742 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2744 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2745 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2nv(%" PERL_PRIgldbl ")\n",
2746 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2747 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2751 STORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL_SET_STANDARD();
2752 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 1nv(%g)\n",
2753 PTR2UV(sv), SvNVX(sv));
2754 RESTORE_NUMERIC_LOCAL();
2760 /* asIV(): extract an integer from the string value of an SV.
2761 * Caller must validate PVX */
2764 S_asIV(pTHX_ SV *sv)
2767 int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2769 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2770 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2771 /* It's definitely an integer */
2772 if (numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG) {
2773 if (value < (UV)IV_MIN)
2776 if (value < (UV)IV_MAX)
2781 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2784 return I_V(Atof(SvPVX(sv)));
2787 /* asUV(): extract an unsigned integer from the string value of an SV
2788 * Caller must validate PVX */
2791 S_asUV(pTHX_ SV *sv)
2794 int numtype = grok_number(SvPVX(sv), SvCUR(sv), &value);
2796 if ((numtype & (IS_NUMBER_IN_UV | IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT))
2797 == IS_NUMBER_IN_UV) {
2798 /* It's definitely an integer */
2799 if (!(numtype & IS_NUMBER_NEG))
2803 if (ckWARN(WARN_NUMERIC))
2806 return U_V(Atof(SvPVX(sv)));
2810 =for apidoc sv_2pv_nolen
2812 Like C<sv_2pv()>, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually
2813 use the macro wrapper C<SvPV_nolen(sv)> instead.
2818 Perl_sv_2pv_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
2821 return sv_2pv(sv, &n_a);
2824 /* uiv_2buf(): private routine for use by sv_2pv_flags(): print an IV or
2825 * UV as a string towards the end of buf, and return pointers to start and
2828 * We assume that buf is at least TYPE_CHARS(UV) long.
2832 uiv_2buf(char *buf, IV iv, UV uv, int is_uv, char **peob)
2834 char *ptr = buf + TYPE_CHARS(UV);
2848 *--ptr = '0' + (uv % 10);
2856 /* For backwards-compatibility only. sv_2pv() is normally #def'ed to
2857 * C<sv_2pv_macro()>. See also C<sv_2pv_flags()>.
2861 Perl_sv_2pv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
2863 return sv_2pv_flags(sv, lp, SV_GMAGIC);
2867 =for apidoc sv_2pv_flags
2869 Returns a pointer to the string value of an SV, and sets *lp to its length.
2870 If flags includes SV_GMAGIC, does an mg_get() first. Coerces sv to a string
2872 Normally invoked via the C<SvPV_flags> macro. C<sv_2pv()> and C<sv_2pv_nomg>
2873 usually end up here too.
2879 Perl_sv_2pv_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp, I32 flags)
2884 char tbuf[64]; /* Must fit sprintf/Gconvert of longest IV/NV */
2885 char *tmpbuf = tbuf;
2891 if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
2892 if (flags & SV_GMAGIC)
2900 (void)sprintf(tmpbuf,"%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
2902 (void)sprintf(tmpbuf,"%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
2907 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, tmpbuf);
2912 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP)) {
2913 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED) && !PL_localizing)
2920 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv)) {
2923 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpstr=AMG_CALLun(sv,string)) &&
2924 (SvTYPE(tmpstr) != SVt_RV || (SvRV(tmpstr) != SvRV(sv))))
2925 return SvPV(tmpstr,*lp);
2932 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
2934 if ( ((SvFLAGS(sv) &
2935 (SVs_OBJECT|SVf_OK|SVs_GMG|SVs_SMG|SVs_RMG))
2936 == (SVs_OBJECT|SVs_RMG))
2937 && strEQ(s=HvNAME(SvSTASH(sv)), "Regexp")
2938 && (mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_qr))) {
2939 regexp *re = (regexp *)mg->mg_obj;
2942 char *fptr = "msix";
2947 U16 reganch = (re->reganch & PMf_COMPILETIME) >> 12;
2949 while((ch = *fptr++)) {
2951 reflags[left++] = ch;
2954 reflags[right--] = ch;
2959 reflags[left] = '-';
2963 mg->mg_len = re->prelen + 4 + left;
2964 New(616, mg->mg_ptr, mg->mg_len + 1 + left, char);
2965 Copy("(?", mg->mg_ptr, 2, char);
2966 Copy(reflags, mg->mg_ptr+2, left, char);
2967 Copy(":", mg->mg_ptr+left+2, 1, char);
2968 Copy(re->precomp, mg->mg_ptr+3+left, re->prelen, char);
2969 mg->mg_ptr[mg->mg_len - 1] = ')';
2970 mg->mg_ptr[mg->mg_len] = 0;
2972 PL_reginterp_cnt += re->program[0].next_off;
2984 case SVt_PVBM: if (SvROK(sv))
2987 s = "SCALAR"; break;
2988 case SVt_PVLV: s = "LVALUE"; break;
2989 case SVt_PVAV: s = "ARRAY"; break;
2990 case SVt_PVHV: s = "HASH"; break;
2991 case SVt_PVCV: s = "CODE"; break;
2992 case SVt_PVGV: s = "GLOB"; break;
2993 case SVt_PVFM: s = "FORMAT"; break;
2994 case SVt_PVIO: s = "IO"; break;
2995 default: s = "UNKNOWN"; break;
2999 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ tsv, "%s=%s", HvNAME(SvSTASH(sv)), s);
3002 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ tsv, "(0x%"UVxf")", PTR2UV(sv));
3008 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && !SvOK(sv)) {
3009 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
3015 if (SvIOK(sv) || ((SvIOKp(sv) && !SvNOKp(sv)))) {
3016 /* I'm assuming that if both IV and NV are equally valid then
3017 converting the IV is going to be more efficient */
3018 U32 isIOK = SvIOK(sv);
3019 U32 isUIOK = SvIsUV(sv);
3020 char buf[TYPE_CHARS(UV)];
3023 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
3024 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVIV);
3026 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, 0, SvUVX(sv), 1, &ebuf);
3028 ptr = uiv_2buf(buf, SvIVX(sv), 0, 0, &ebuf);
3029 SvGROW(sv, ebuf - ptr + 1); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
3030 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv),ebuf - ptr,char);
3031 SvCUR_set(sv, ebuf - ptr);
3041 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
3042 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVNV)
3043 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
3044 /* The +20 is pure guesswork. Configure test needed. --jhi */
3045 SvGROW(sv, NV_DIG + 20);
3047 olderrno = errno; /* some Xenix systems wipe out errno here */
3049 if (SvNVX(sv) == 0.0)
3050 (void)strcpy(s,"0");
3054 Gconvert(SvNVX(sv), NV_DIG, 0, s);
3057 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
3058 if (*s == '-' && s[1] == '0' && !s[2])
3068 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)
3069 && !PL_localizing && !(SvFLAGS(sv) & SVs_PADTMP))
3072 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PV)
3073 /* Typically the caller expects that sv_any is not NULL now. */
3074 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
3077 *lp = s - SvPVX(sv);
3080 DEBUG_c(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%"UVxf" 2pv(%s)\n",
3081 PTR2UV(sv),SvPVX(sv)));
3085 if (SvROK(sv)) { /* XXX Skip this when sv_pvn_force calls */
3086 /* Sneaky stuff here */
3090 tsv = newSVpv(tmpbuf, 0);
3106 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3108 #ifdef FIXNEGATIVEZERO
3109 if (len == 2 && t[0] == '-' && t[1] == '0') {
3114 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
3116 s = SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
3125 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte_nolen
3127 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV.
3128 May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a side-effect.
3130 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte_nolen> macro.
3136 Perl_sv_2pvbyte_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3139 return sv_2pvbyte(sv, &n_a);
3143 =for apidoc sv_2pvbyte
3145 Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3146 to its length. May cause the SV to be downgraded from UTF8 as a
3149 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVbyte> macro.
3155 Perl_sv_2pvbyte(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
3157 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv,0);
3158 return SvPV(sv,*lp);
3162 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8_nolen
3164 Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV.
3165 May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
3167 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8_nolen> macro.
3173 Perl_sv_2pvutf8_nolen(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3176 return sv_2pvutf8(sv, &n_a);
3180 =for apidoc sv_2pvutf8
3182 Return a pointer to the UTF8-encoded representation of the SV, and set *lp
3183 to its length. May cause the SV to be upgraded to UTF8 as a side-effect.
3185 Usually accessed via the C<SvPVutf8> macro.
3191 Perl_sv_2pvutf8(pTHX_ register SV *sv, STRLEN *lp)
3193 sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3194 return SvPV(sv,*lp);
3198 =for apidoc sv_2bool
3200 This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by
3201 sv_true() or its macro equivalent.
3207 Perl_sv_2bool(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3216 if (SvAMAGIC(sv) && (tmpsv=AMG_CALLun(sv,bool_)) &&
3217 (SvTYPE(tmpsv) != SVt_RV || (SvRV(tmpsv) != SvRV(sv))))
3218 return SvTRUE(tmpsv);
3219 return SvRV(sv) != 0;
3222 register XPV* Xpvtmp;
3223 if ((Xpvtmp = (XPV*)SvANY(sv)) &&
3224 (*Xpvtmp->xpv_pv > '0' ||
3225 Xpvtmp->xpv_cur > 1 ||
3226 (Xpvtmp->xpv_cur && *Xpvtmp->xpv_pv != '0')))
3233 return SvIVX(sv) != 0;
3236 return SvNVX(sv) != 0.0;
3244 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade
3246 Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
3247 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3248 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3249 if all the bytes have hibit clear.
3255 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3257 return sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(sv, SV_GMAGIC);
3261 =for apidoc sv_utf8_upgrade_flags
3263 Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
3264 Forces the SV to string form if it is not already.
3265 Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even
3266 if all the bytes have hibit clear. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set,
3267 will C<mg_get> on C<sv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_utf8_upgrade> and
3268 C<sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
3274 Perl_sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, I32 flags)
3284 (void) sv_2pv_flags(sv,&len, flags);
3292 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv)) {
3293 sv_force_normal(sv);
3296 /* This function could be much more efficient if we had a FLAG in SVs
3297 * to signal if there are any hibit chars in the PV.
3298 * Given that there isn't make loop fast as possible
3300 s = (U8 *) SvPVX(sv);
3301 e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3305 if ((hibit = !NATIVE_IS_INVARIANT(ch)))
3311 len = SvCUR(sv) + 1; /* Plus the \0 */
3312 SvPVX(sv) = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((U8*)s, &len);
3313 SvCUR(sv) = len - 1;
3315 Safefree(s); /* No longer using what was there before. */
3316 SvLEN(sv) = len; /* No longer know the real size. */
3318 /* Mark as UTF-8 even if no hibit - saves scanning loop */
3324 =for apidoc sv_utf8_downgrade
3326 Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
3327 This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
3328 if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
3335 Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade(pTHX_ register SV* sv, bool fail_ok)
3337 if (SvPOK(sv) && SvUTF8(sv)) {
3342 if (SvREADONLY(sv) && SvFAKE(sv))
3343 sv_force_normal(sv);
3344 s = (U8 *) SvPV(sv, len);
3345 if (!utf8_to_bytes(s, &len)) {
3348 #ifdef USE_BYTES_DOWNGRADES
3349 else if (IN_BYTES) {
3351 U8 *e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3354 UV ch = utf8n_to_uvchr(s,(e-s),&len,0);
3355 if (first && ch > 255) {
3357 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "Wide character in byte %s",
3360 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UTF8, "Wide character in byte");
3367 len = (d - (U8 *) SvPVX(sv));
3372 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character in %s",
3375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wide character");
3386 =for apidoc sv_utf8_encode
3388 Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
3389 flag so that it looks like octets again. Used as a building block
3390 for encode_utf8 in Encode.xs
3396 Perl_sv_utf8_encode(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3398 (void) sv_utf8_upgrade(sv);
3403 =for apidoc sv_utf8_decode
3405 Convert the octets in the PV from UTF-8 to chars. Scan for validity and then
3406 turn off SvUTF8 if needed so that we see characters. Used as a building block
3407 for decode_utf8 in Encode.xs
3413 Perl_sv_utf8_decode(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
3419 /* The octets may have got themselves encoded - get them back as
3422 if (!sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, TRUE))
3425 /* it is actually just a matter of turning the utf8 flag on, but
3426 * we want to make sure everything inside is valid utf8 first.
3428 c = (U8 *) SvPVX(sv);
3429 if (!is_utf8_string(c, SvCUR(sv)+1))
3431 e = (U8 *) SvEND(sv);
3434 if (!UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(ch)) {
3444 =for apidoc sv_setsv
3446 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3447 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3448 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3449 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3450 content of the destination.
3452 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3453 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3454 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3460 /* sv_setsv() is aliased to Perl_sv_setsv_macro; this function provided
3461 for binary compatibility only
3464 Perl_sv_setsv(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr)
3466 sv_setsv_flags(dstr, sstr, SV_GMAGIC);
3470 =for apidoc sv_setsv_flags
3472 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV
3473 C<dsv>. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this
3474 function if the source SV needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3475 Loosely speaking, it performs a copy-by-value, obliterating any previous
3476 content of the destination.
3477 If the C<flags> parameter has the C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on
3478 C<ssv> if appropriate, else not. C<sv_setsv> and C<sv_setsv_nomg> are
3479 implemented in terms of this function.
3481 You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as
3482 C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal>, C<SvSetMagicSV> and
3483 C<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>.
3485 This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other
3486 copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath.
3492 Perl_sv_setsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr, I32 flags)
3494 register U32 sflags;
3500 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(dstr);
3502 sstr = &PL_sv_undef;
3503 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
3504 dtype = SvTYPE(dstr);
3508 /* There's a lot of redundancy below but we're going for speed here */
3513 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
3514 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3522 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_IV);
3525 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3529 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3532 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
3533 SvIVX(dstr) = SvIVX(sstr);
3536 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3547 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_NV);
3552 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3555 SvNVX(dstr) = SvNVX(sstr);
3556 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
3557 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3565 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_RV);
3566 else if (dtype == SVt_PVGV &&
3567 SvTYPE(SvRV(sstr)) == SVt_PVGV) {
3570 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
3571 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3573 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
3584 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PV);
3587 if (dtype < SVt_PVIV)
3588 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVIV);
3591 if (dtype < SVt_PVNV)
3592 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3599 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s in %s", sv_reftype(sstr, 0),
3602 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bizarre copy of %s", sv_reftype(sstr, 0));
3606 if (dtype <= SVt_PVGV) {
3608 if (dtype != SVt_PVGV) {
3609 char *name = GvNAME(sstr);
3610 STRLEN len = GvNAMELEN(sstr);
3611 sv_upgrade(dstr, SVt_PVGV);
3612 sv_magic(dstr, dstr, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
3613 GvSTASH(dstr) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvSTASH(sstr));
3614 GvNAME(dstr) = savepvn(name, len);
3615 GvNAMELEN(dstr) = len;
3616 SvFAKE_on(dstr); /* can coerce to non-glob */
3618 /* ahem, death to those who redefine active sort subs */
3619 else if (PL_curstackinfo->si_type == PERLSI_SORT
3620 && GvCV(dstr) && PL_sortcop == CvSTART(GvCV(dstr)))
3621 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s",
3624 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
3625 if (GvUNIQUE((GV*)dstr)) {
3626 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
3630 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3631 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3633 GvGP(dstr) = gp_ref(GvGP(sstr));
3634 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3636 if (GvIMPORTED(dstr) != GVf_IMPORTED
3637 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3639 GvIMPORTED_on(dstr);
3647 if (SvGMAGICAL(sstr) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC)) {
3649 if (SvTYPE(sstr) != stype) {
3650 stype = SvTYPE(sstr);
3651 if (stype == SVt_PVGV && dtype <= SVt_PVGV)
3655 if (stype == SVt_PVLV)
3656 (void)SvUPGRADE(dstr, SVt_PVNV);
3658 (void)SvUPGRADE(dstr, stype);
3661 sflags = SvFLAGS(sstr);
3663 if (sflags & SVf_ROK) {
3664 if (dtype >= SVt_PV) {
3665 if (dtype == SVt_PVGV) {
3666 SV *sref = SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr));
3668 int intro = GvINTRO(dstr);
3670 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
3671 if (GvUNIQUE((GV*)dstr)) {
3672 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
3677 GvINTRO_off(dstr); /* one-shot flag */
3678 GvLINE(dstr) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
3679 GvEGV(dstr) = (GV*)dstr;
3682 switch (SvTYPE(sref)) {
3685 SAVESPTR(GvAV(dstr));
3687 dref = (SV*)GvAV(dstr);
3688 GvAV(dstr) = (AV*)sref;
3689 if (!GvIMPORTED_AV(dstr)
3690 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3692 GvIMPORTED_AV_on(dstr);
3697 SAVESPTR(GvHV(dstr));
3699 dref = (SV*)GvHV(dstr);
3700 GvHV(dstr) = (HV*)sref;
3701 if (!GvIMPORTED_HV(dstr)
3702 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3704 GvIMPORTED_HV_on(dstr);
3709 if (GvCVGEN(dstr) && GvCV(dstr) != (CV*)sref) {
3710 SvREFCNT_dec(GvCV(dstr));
3711 GvCV(dstr) = Nullcv;
3712 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3713 PL_sub_generation++;
3715 SAVESPTR(GvCV(dstr));
3718 dref = (SV*)GvCV(dstr);
3719 if (GvCV(dstr) != (CV*)sref) {
3720 CV* cv = GvCV(dstr);
3722 if (!GvCVGEN((GV*)dstr) &&
3723 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
3725 /* ahem, death to those who redefine
3726 * active sort subs */
3727 if (PL_curstackinfo->si_type == PERLSI_SORT &&
3728 PL_sortcop == CvSTART(cv))
3730 "Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s",
3731 GvENAME((GV*)dstr));
3732 /* Redefining a sub - warning is mandatory if
3733 it was a const and its value changed. */
3734 if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)
3736 && (!CvCONST((CV*)sref)
3737 || sv_cmp(cv_const_sv(cv),
3738 cv_const_sv((CV*)sref)))))
3740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_REDEFINE,
3742 ? "Constant subroutine %s redefined"
3743 : "Subroutine %s redefined",
3744 GvENAME((GV*)dstr));
3747 cv_ckproto(cv, (GV*)dstr,
3748 SvPOK(sref) ? SvPVX(sref) : Nullch);
3750 GvCV(dstr) = (CV*)sref;
3751 GvCVGEN(dstr) = 0; /* Switch off cacheness. */
3752 GvASSUMECV_on(dstr);
3753 PL_sub_generation++;
3755 if (!GvIMPORTED_CV(dstr)
3756 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3758 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(dstr);
3763 SAVESPTR(GvIOp(dstr));
3765 dref = (SV*)GvIOp(dstr);
3766 GvIOp(dstr) = (IO*)sref;
3770 SAVESPTR(GvFORM(dstr));
3772 dref = (SV*)GvFORM(dstr);
3773 GvFORM(dstr) = (CV*)sref;
3777 SAVESPTR(GvSV(dstr));
3779 dref = (SV*)GvSV(dstr);
3781 if (!GvIMPORTED_SV(dstr)
3782 && CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, GvSTASH(dstr)))
3784 GvIMPORTED_SV_on(dstr);
3792 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3797 (void)SvOOK_off(dstr); /* backoff */
3799 Safefree(SvPVX(dstr));
3800 SvLEN(dstr)=SvCUR(dstr)=0;
3803 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3804 SvRV(dstr) = SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(sstr));
3806 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
3808 /* Only set the public OK flag if the source has public OK. */
3809 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
3810 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_NOK;
3811 SvNVX(dstr) = SvNVX(sstr);
3813 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
3814 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
3815 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
3816 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_IOK;
3817 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
3819 SvIVX(dstr) = SvIVX(sstr);
3821 if (SvAMAGIC(sstr)) {
3825 else if (sflags & SVp_POK) {
3828 * Check to see if we can just swipe the string. If so, it's a
3829 * possible small lose on short strings, but a big win on long ones.
3830 * It might even be a win on short strings if SvPVX(dstr)
3831 * has to be allocated and SvPVX(sstr) has to be freed.
3834 if (SvTEMP(sstr) && /* slated for free anyway? */
3835 SvREFCNT(sstr) == 1 && /* and no other references to it? */
3836 !(sflags & SVf_OOK) && /* and not involved in OOK hack? */
3837 SvLEN(sstr) && /* and really is a string */
3838 /* and won't be needed again, potentially */
3839 !(PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_AASSIGN))
3841 if (SvPVX(dstr)) { /* we know that dtype >= SVt_PV */
3843 SvFLAGS(dstr) &= ~SVf_OOK;
3844 Safefree(SvPVX(dstr) - SvIVX(dstr));
3846 else if (SvLEN(dstr))
3847 Safefree(SvPVX(dstr));
3849 (void)SvPOK_only(dstr);
3850 SvPV_set(dstr, SvPVX(sstr));
3851 SvLEN_set(dstr, SvLEN(sstr));
3852 SvCUR_set(dstr, SvCUR(sstr));
3855 (void)SvOK_off(sstr); /* NOTE: nukes most SvFLAGS on sstr */
3856 SvPV_set(sstr, Nullch);
3861 else { /* have to copy actual string */
3862 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sstr);
3864 SvGROW(dstr, len + 1); /* inlined from sv_setpvn */
3865 Move(SvPVX(sstr),SvPVX(dstr),len,char);
3866 SvCUR_set(dstr, len);
3867 *SvEND(dstr) = '\0';
3868 (void)SvPOK_only(dstr);
3870 if (sflags & SVf_UTF8)
3873 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
3875 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
3876 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_NOK;
3877 SvNVX(dstr) = SvNVX(sstr);
3879 if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
3880 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
3881 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
3882 SvFLAGS(dstr) |= SVf_IOK;
3883 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
3885 SvIVX(dstr) = SvIVX(sstr);
3888 else if (sflags & SVp_IOK) {
3889 if (sflags & SVf_IOK)
3890 (void)SvIOK_only(dstr);
3892 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3893 (void)SvIOKp_on(dstr);
3895 /* XXXX Do we want to set IsUV for IV(ROK)? Be extra safe... */
3896 if (sflags & SVf_IVisUV)
3898 SvIVX(dstr) = SvIVX(sstr);
3899 if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
3900 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
3901 (void)SvNOK_on(dstr);
3903 (void)SvNOKp_on(dstr);
3904 SvNVX(dstr) = SvNVX(sstr);
3907 else if (sflags & SVp_NOK) {
3908 if (sflags & SVf_NOK)
3909 (void)SvNOK_only(dstr);
3911 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3914 SvNVX(dstr) = SvNVX(sstr);
3917 if (dtype == SVt_PVGV) {
3918 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
3919 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Undefined value assigned to typeglob");
3922 (void)SvOK_off(dstr);
3924 if (SvTAINTED(sstr))
3929 =for apidoc sv_setsv_mg
3931 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3937 Perl_sv_setsv_mg(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr)
3939 sv_setsv(dstr,sstr);
3944 =for apidoc sv_setpvn
3946 Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
3947 bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
3953 Perl_sv_setpvn(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr, register STRLEN len)
3955 register char *dptr;
3957 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
3963 /* len is STRLEN which is unsigned, need to copy to signed */
3966 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_setpvn called with negative strlen");
3968 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
3970 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
3972 Move(ptr,dptr,len,char);
3975 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
3980 =for apidoc sv_setpvn_mg
3982 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3988 Perl_sv_setpvn_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr, register STRLEN len)
3990 sv_setpvn(sv,ptr,len);
3995 =for apidoc sv_setpv
3997 Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
3998 handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
4004 Perl_sv_setpv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr)
4006 register STRLEN len;
4008 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4014 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4016 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4017 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv),len+1,char);
4019 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4024 =for apidoc sv_setpv_mg
4026 Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4032 Perl_sv_setpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr)
4039 =for apidoc sv_usepvn
4041 Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
4042 stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
4043 The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
4044 string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
4045 memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
4046 the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
4047 See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
4053 Perl_sv_usepvn(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register char *ptr, register STRLEN len)
4055 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4056 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4061 (void)SvOOK_off(sv);
4062 if (SvPVX(sv) && SvLEN(sv))
4063 Safefree(SvPVX(sv));
4064 Renew(ptr, len+1, char);
4067 SvLEN_set(sv, len+1);
4069 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4074 =for apidoc sv_usepvn_mg
4076 Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4082 Perl_sv_usepvn_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register char *ptr, register STRLEN len)
4084 sv_usepvn(sv,ptr,len);
4089 =for apidoc sv_force_normal_flags
4091 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
4092 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
4093 an xpvmg. The C<flags> parameter gets passed to C<sv_unref_flags()>
4094 when unrefing. C<sv_force_normal> calls this function with flags set to 0.
4100 Perl_sv_force_normal_flags(pTHX_ register SV *sv, U32 flags)
4102 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4104 char *pvx = SvPVX(sv);
4105 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4106 U32 hash = SvUVX(sv);
4107 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4108 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4112 unsharepvn(pvx, SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)len : len, hash);
4114 else if (PL_curcop != &PL_compiling)
4115 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
4118 sv_unref_flags(sv, flags);
4119 else if (SvFAKE(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV)
4124 =for apidoc sv_force_normal
4126 Undo various types of fakery on an SV: if the PV is a shared string, make
4127 a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to
4128 an xpvmg. See also C<sv_force_normal_flags>.
4134 Perl_sv_force_normal(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
4136 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
4142 Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
4143 SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
4144 the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
4145 string. Uses the "OOK hack".
4151 Perl_sv_chop(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register char *ptr)
4153 register STRLEN delta;
4155 if (!ptr || !SvPOKp(sv))
4157 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4158 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVIV)
4159 sv_upgrade(sv,SVt_PVIV);
4162 if (!SvLEN(sv)) { /* make copy of shared string */
4163 char *pvx = SvPVX(sv);
4164 STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv);
4165 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4166 Move(pvx,SvPVX(sv),len,char);
4170 SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_OOK;
4172 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVf_IVisUV);
4173 delta = ptr - SvPVX(sv);
4181 =for apidoc sv_catpvn
4183 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4184 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
4185 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
4186 Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
4191 /* sv_catpvn() is aliased to Perl_sv_catpvn_macro; this function provided
4192 for binary compatibility only
4195 Perl_sv_catpvn(pTHX_ SV *dsv, const char* sstr, STRLEN slen)
4197 sv_catpvn_flags(dsv, sstr, slen, SV_GMAGIC);
4201 =for apidoc sv_catpvn_flags
4203 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
4204 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. If the SV has the UTF8
4205 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid UTF8.
4206 If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC> bit set, will C<mg_get> on C<dsv> if
4207 appropriate, else not. C<sv_catpvn> and C<sv_catpvn_nomg> are implemented
4208 in terms of this function.
4214 Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(pTHX_ register SV *dsv, register const char *sstr, register STRLEN slen, I32 flags)
4219 dstr = SvPV_force_flags(dsv, dlen, flags);
4220 SvGROW(dsv, dlen + slen + 1);
4223 Move(sstr, SvPVX(dsv) + dlen, slen, char);
4226 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(dsv); /* validate pointer */
4231 =for apidoc sv_catpvn_mg
4233 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4239 Perl_sv_catpvn_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr, register STRLEN len)
4241 sv_catpvn(sv,ptr,len);
4246 =for apidoc sv_catsv
4248 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
4249 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
4250 not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
4254 /* sv_catsv() is aliased to Perl_sv_catsv_macro; this function provided
4255 for binary compatibility only
4258 Perl_sv_catsv(pTHX_ SV *dstr, register SV *sstr)
4260 sv_catsv_flags(dstr, sstr, SV_GMAGIC);
4264 =for apidoc sv_catsv_flags
4266 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
4267 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. If C<flags> has C<SV_GMAGIC>
4268 bit set, will C<mg_get> on the SVs if appropriate, else not. C<sv_catsv>
4269 and C<sv_catsv_nomg> are implemented in terms of this function.
4274 Perl_sv_catsv_flags(pTHX_ SV *dsv, register SV *ssv, I32 flags)
4280 if ((spv = SvPV(ssv, slen))) {
4281 bool sutf8 = DO_UTF8(ssv);
4284 if (SvGMAGICAL(dsv) && (flags & SV_GMAGIC))
4286 dutf8 = DO_UTF8(dsv);
4288 if (dutf8 != sutf8) {
4290 /* Not modifying source SV, so taking a temporary copy. */
4291 SV* csv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(spv, slen));
4293 sv_utf8_upgrade(csv);
4294 spv = SvPV(csv, slen);
4297 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(dsv);
4299 sv_catpvn_nomg(dsv, spv, slen);
4304 =for apidoc sv_catsv_mg
4306 Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4312 Perl_sv_catsv_mg(pTHX_ SV *dsv, register SV *ssv)
4319 =for apidoc sv_catpv
4321 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
4322 If the SV has the UTF8 status set, then the bytes appended should be
4323 valid UTF8. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
4328 Perl_sv_catpv(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr)
4330 register STRLEN len;
4336 junk = SvPV_force(sv, tlen);
4338 SvGROW(sv, tlen + len + 1);
4341 Move(ptr,SvPVX(sv)+tlen,len+1,char);
4343 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv); /* validate pointer */
4348 =for apidoc sv_catpv_mg
4350 Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
4356 Perl_sv_catpv_mg(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register const char *ptr)
4365 Create a new null SV, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type SV
4366 with an initial PV allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the C<NEWSV>
4373 Perl_newSV(pTHX_ STRLEN len)
4379 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PV);
4380 SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
4386 =for apidoc sv_magic
4388 Adds magic to an SV. First upgrades C<sv> to type C<SVt_PVMG> if necessary,
4389 then adds a new magic item of type C<how> to the head of the magic list.
4391 C<name> is assumed to contain an C<SV*> if C<(name && namelen == HEf_SVKEY)>
4397 Perl_sv_magic(pTHX_ register SV *sv, SV *obj, int how, const char *name, I32 namlen)
4401 if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
4402 if (PL_curcop != &PL_compiling
4403 && how != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global
4404 && how != PERL_MAGIC_bm
4405 && how != PERL_MAGIC_fm
4406 && how != PERL_MAGIC_sv
4409 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
4412 if (SvMAGICAL(sv) || (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint && SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG)) {
4413 if (SvMAGIC(sv) && (mg = mg_find(sv, how))) {
4414 if (how == PERL_MAGIC_taint)
4420 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
4422 Newz(702,mg, 1, MAGIC);
4423 mg->mg_moremagic = SvMAGIC(sv);
4426 /* Some magic contains a reference loop, where the sv and object refer to
4427 each other. To avoid a reference loop that would prevent such objects
4428 being freed, we look for such loops and if we find one we avoid
4429 incrementing the object refcount. */
4430 if (!obj || obj == sv ||
4431 how == PERL_MAGIC_arylen ||
4432 how == PERL_MAGIC_qr ||
4433 (SvTYPE(obj) == SVt_PVGV &&
4434 (GvSV(obj) == sv || GvHV(obj) == (HV*)sv || GvAV(obj) == (AV*)sv ||
4435 GvCV(obj) == (CV*)sv || GvIOp(obj) == (IO*)sv ||
4436 GvFORM(obj) == (CV*)sv)))
4441 mg->mg_obj = SvREFCNT_inc(obj);
4442 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
4445 mg->mg_len = namlen;
4448 mg->mg_ptr = savepvn(name, namlen);
4449 else if (namlen == HEf_SVKEY)
4450 mg->mg_ptr = (char*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*)name);
4455 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_sv;
4457 case PERL_MAGIC_overload:
4458 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_amagic;
4460 case PERL_MAGIC_overload_elem:
4461 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_amagicelem;
4463 case PERL_MAGIC_overload_table:
4464 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_ovrld;
4467 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_bm;
4469 case PERL_MAGIC_regdata:
4470 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_regdata;
4472 case PERL_MAGIC_regdatum:
4473 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_regdatum;
4475 case PERL_MAGIC_env:
4476 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_env;
4479 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_fm;
4481 case PERL_MAGIC_envelem:
4482 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_envelem;
4484 case PERL_MAGIC_regex_global:
4485 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_mglob;
4487 case PERL_MAGIC_isa:
4488 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_isa;
4490 case PERL_MAGIC_isaelem:
4491 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_isaelem;
4493 case PERL_MAGIC_nkeys:
4494 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_nkeys;
4496 case PERL_MAGIC_dbfile:
4500 case PERL_MAGIC_dbline:
4501 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_dbline;
4503 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
4504 case PERL_MAGIC_mutex:
4505 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_mutex;
4507 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
4508 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
4509 case PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm:
4510 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_collxfrm;
4512 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
4513 case PERL_MAGIC_tied:
4514 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_pack;
4516 case PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem:
4517 case PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar:
4518 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_packelem;
4521 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_regexp;
4523 case PERL_MAGIC_sig:
4524 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_sig;
4526 case PERL_MAGIC_sigelem:
4527 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_sigelem;
4529 case PERL_MAGIC_taint:
4530 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_taint;
4533 case PERL_MAGIC_uvar:
4534 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_uvar;
4536 case PERL_MAGIC_vec:
4537 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_vec;
4539 case PERL_MAGIC_substr:
4540 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_substr;
4542 case PERL_MAGIC_defelem:
4543 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_defelem;
4545 case PERL_MAGIC_glob:
4546 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_glob;
4548 case PERL_MAGIC_arylen:
4549 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_arylen;
4551 case PERL_MAGIC_pos:
4552 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_pos;
4554 case PERL_MAGIC_backref:
4555 mg->mg_virtual = &PL_vtbl_backref;
4557 case PERL_MAGIC_ext:
4558 /* Reserved for use by extensions not perl internals. */
4559 /* Useful for attaching extension internal data to perl vars. */
4560 /* Note that multiple extensions may clash if magical scalars */
4561 /* etc holding private data from one are passed to another. */
4565 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Don't know how to handle magic of type \\%o", how);
4569 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~(SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
4573 =for apidoc sv_unmagic
4575 Removes all magic of type C<type> from an SV.
4581 Perl_sv_unmagic(pTHX_ SV *sv, int type)
4585 if (SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG || !SvMAGIC(sv))
4588 for (mg = *mgp; mg; mg = *mgp) {
4589 if (mg->mg_type == type) {
4590 MGVTBL* vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
4591 *mgp = mg->mg_moremagic;
4592 if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_free)
4593 CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_free)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
4594 if (mg->mg_ptr && mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
4595 if (mg->mg_len >= 0)
4596 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
4597 else if (mg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
4598 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)mg->mg_ptr);
4600 if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
4601 SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
4605 mgp = &mg->mg_moremagic;
4609 SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVp_NOK|SVp_POK)) >> PRIVSHIFT;
4616 =for apidoc sv_rvweaken
4618 Weaken a reference: set the C<SvWEAKREF> flag on this RV; give the
4619 referred-to SV C<PERL_MAGIC_backref> magic if it hasn't already; and
4620 push a back-reference to this RV onto the array of backreferences
4621 associated with that magic.
4627 Perl_sv_rvweaken(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4630 if (!SvOK(sv)) /* let undefs pass */
4633 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't weaken a nonreference");
4634 else if (SvWEAKREF(sv)) {
4635 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4636 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Reference is already weak");
4640 sv_add_backref(tsv, sv);
4646 /* Give tsv backref magic if it hasn't already got it, then push a
4647 * back-reference to sv onto the array associated with the backref magic.
4651 S_sv_add_backref(pTHX_ SV *tsv, SV *sv)
4655 if (SvMAGICAL(tsv) && (mg = mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref)))
4656 av = (AV*)mg->mg_obj;
4659 sv_magic(tsv, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_backref, NULL, 0);
4660 SvREFCNT_dec(av); /* for sv_magic */
4665 /* delete a back-reference to ourselves from the backref magic associated
4666 * with the SV we point to.
4670 S_sv_del_backref(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4677 if (!SvMAGICAL(tsv) || !(mg = mg_find(tsv, PERL_MAGIC_backref)))
4678 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: del_backref");
4679 av = (AV *)mg->mg_obj;
4684 svp[i] = &PL_sv_undef; /* XXX */
4691 =for apidoc sv_insert
4693 Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
4694 the Perl substr() function.
4700 Perl_sv_insert(pTHX_ SV *bigstr, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char *little, STRLEN littlelen)
4704 register char *midend;
4705 register char *bigend;
4711 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't modify non-existent substring");
4712 SvPV_force(bigstr, curlen);
4713 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(bigstr);
4714 if (offset + len > curlen) {
4715 SvGROW(bigstr, offset+len+1);
4716 Zero(SvPVX(bigstr)+curlen, offset+len-curlen, char);
4717 SvCUR_set(bigstr, offset+len);
4721 i = littlelen - len;
4722 if (i > 0) { /* string might grow */
4723 big = SvGROW(bigstr, SvCUR(bigstr) + i + 1);
4724 mid = big + offset + len;
4725 midend = bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
4728 while (midend > mid) /* shove everything down */
4729 *--bigend = *--midend;
4730 Move(little,big+offset,littlelen,char);
4736 Move(little,SvPVX(bigstr)+offset,len,char);
4741 big = SvPVX(bigstr);
4744 bigend = big + SvCUR(bigstr);
4746 if (midend > bigend)
4747 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: sv_insert");
4749 if (mid - big > bigend - midend) { /* faster to shorten from end */
4751 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
4754 i = bigend - midend;
4756 Move(midend, mid, i,char);
4760 SvCUR_set(bigstr, mid - big);
4763 else if ((i = mid - big)) { /* faster from front */
4764 midend -= littlelen;
4766 sv_chop(bigstr,midend-i);
4771 Move(little, mid, littlelen,char);
4773 else if (littlelen) {
4774 midend -= littlelen;
4775 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
4776 Move(little,midend,littlelen,char);
4779 sv_chop(bigstr,midend);
4785 =for apidoc sv_replace
4787 Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
4788 The target SV physically takes over ownership of the body of the source SV
4789 and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns,
4790 and any magic in the source is discarded.
4791 Note that this is a rather specialist SV copying operation; most of the
4792 time you'll want to use C<sv_setsv> or one of its many macro front-ends.
4798 Perl_sv_replace(pTHX_ register SV *sv, register SV *nsv)
4800 U32 refcnt = SvREFCNT(sv);
4801 SV_CHECK_THINKFIRST(sv);
4802 if (SvREFCNT(nsv) != 1 && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
4803 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL, "Reference miscount in sv_replace()");
4804 if (SvMAGICAL(sv)) {
4808 sv_upgrade(nsv, SVt_PVMG);
4809 SvMAGIC(nsv) = SvMAGIC(sv);
4810 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SvMAGICAL(sv);
4816 assert(!SvREFCNT(sv));
4817 StructCopy(nsv,sv,SV);
4818 SvREFCNT(sv) = refcnt;
4819 SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SVTYPEMASK; /* Mark as freed */
4824 =for apidoc sv_clear
4826 Clear an SV: call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body,
4827 and free the body itself. The SV's head is I<not> freed, although
4828 its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed
4829 to be live during global destruction etc.
4830 This function should only be called when REFCNT is zero. Most of the time
4831 you'll want to call C<sv_free()> (or its macro wrapper C<SvREFCNT_dec>)
4838 Perl_sv_clear(pTHX_ register SV *sv)
4842 assert(SvREFCNT(sv) == 0);
4845 if (PL_defstash) { /* Still have a symbol table? */
4850 Zero(&tmpref, 1, SV);
4851 sv_upgrade(&tmpref, SVt_RV);
4853 SvREADONLY_on(&tmpref); /* DESTROY() could be naughty */
4854 SvREFCNT(&tmpref) = 1;
4857 stash = SvSTASH(sv);
4858 destructor = StashHANDLER(stash,DESTROY);
4861 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_DESTROY);
4862 SvRV(&tmpref) = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
4867 call_sv((SV*)destructor, G_DISCARD|G_EVAL|G_KEEPERR);
4873 } while (SvOBJECT(sv) && SvSTASH(sv) != stash);
4875 del_XRV(SvANY(&tmpref));
4878 if (PL_in_clean_objs)
4879 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'",
4881 /* DESTROY gave object new lease on life */
4887 SvREFCNT_dec(SvSTASH(sv)); /* possibly of changed persuasion */
4888 SvOBJECT_off(sv); /* Curse the object. */
4889 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVIO)
4890 --PL_sv_objcount; /* XXX Might want something more general */