4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
169 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
170 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
172 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
174 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
175 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
176 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
178 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
180 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
181 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
183 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
184 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
186 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
187 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
188 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
189 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
190 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
194 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
200 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
201 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
202 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
203 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
204 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
207 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
208 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
209 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
210 /* Remaining space is too small. */
212 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
214 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
215 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
217 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
218 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
219 slab->opslab_freed = o;
222 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
223 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
224 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
225 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
226 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
228 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
229 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
230 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
232 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
234 /* Create a new op slot */
235 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
236 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
237 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
238 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
239 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
241 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
247 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
249 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
253 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
254 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
255 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
256 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
257 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
258 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
259 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
260 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
265 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
269 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
271 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
273 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
274 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
275 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
276 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
277 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
278 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
279 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
286 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
289 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
290 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
293 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
297 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
300 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
305 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
307 PerlMemShared_free(op);
312 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
313 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
314 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
315 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
316 slab->opslab_freed = o;
317 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
318 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
322 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
325 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
329 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
336 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
341 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
342 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
343 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
344 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
346 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
348 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
349 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
351 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
352 perror("munmap failed");
356 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
362 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
367 size_t savestack_count = 0;
369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
372 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
374 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
375 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
376 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
382 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
383 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
384 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
387 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
388 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
389 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
391 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
393 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
394 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
401 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
403 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
406 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
407 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
420 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
423 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
427 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
429 result = --o->op_targ;
432 result = --o->op_targ;
438 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
439 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
441 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
442 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
443 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
444 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
446 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
448 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
450 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
452 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
453 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
457 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
459 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
463 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
468 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
470 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
472 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
478 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
480 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
481 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
482 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
487 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
490 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
495 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
499 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
504 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
508 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
509 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
514 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
519 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
523 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
528 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
532 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
537 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
538 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
539 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
541 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
544 /* "register" allocation */
547 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
551 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
555 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
556 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
559 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
561 assert(strlen(name) == len);
563 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
567 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
568 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
570 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
571 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
572 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
573 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
574 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
575 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
577 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
578 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
581 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
582 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
583 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
584 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
585 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
589 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
591 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
592 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
593 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
594 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
595 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
597 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
598 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
602 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
603 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
605 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
606 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
612 =for apidoc alloccopstash
614 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
615 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
622 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
624 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
625 bool found_slot = FALSE;
627 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
629 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
631 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
632 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
633 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
634 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
637 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
638 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
639 off = PL_stashpadmax;
640 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
643 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
648 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
649 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
652 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
660 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
665 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
667 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
668 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
669 may be freed before their parents. */
670 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
674 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
685 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
688 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
689 we maintain for reset(). */
690 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
700 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
701 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
705 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
707 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
708 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
713 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
716 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
719 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
720 * numbers etc even after null() */
721 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
727 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
734 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
739 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
742 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
747 switch (o->op_type) {
748 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
749 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
750 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
755 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
759 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
760 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
767 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
772 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
773 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
774 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
775 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
776 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
777 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
778 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
779 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
780 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
781 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
782 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
783 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
784 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
785 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
786 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
789 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
791 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
792 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
793 * may still exist on the pad */
794 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
795 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
798 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
799 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
802 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
805 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
809 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
812 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
813 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
816 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
817 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
818 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
819 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
822 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
832 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
837 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
838 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
840 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
841 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
842 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
845 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
846 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
850 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
851 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
855 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
859 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
860 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
861 * exist on the pad */
862 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
865 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
871 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
872 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
873 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
875 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
876 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
877 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
878 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
879 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
880 * happen before sv_clean_all
883 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
884 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
885 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
886 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
887 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
891 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
892 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
898 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
899 pad_free(o->op_targ);
905 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
907 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
910 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
911 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
912 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
916 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
919 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
923 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
924 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
926 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
927 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
932 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
933 array[i] = array[--count];
934 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
935 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
936 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
939 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
952 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
954 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
956 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
957 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
959 switch (kid->op_type) {
964 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
966 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
967 kid = kid->op_sibling;
973 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
977 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
979 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
983 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
984 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
985 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
989 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
997 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1000 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1004 /* Contextualizers */
1007 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1009 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1010 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1011 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1018 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1020 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1022 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1023 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1024 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1026 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1033 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1035 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1036 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1037 not be called directly.
1043 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1047 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1052 /* establish postfix order */
1053 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1056 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1059 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1060 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1061 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1075 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1077 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1079 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1086 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1090 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1092 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1093 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1094 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1095 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1097 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1098 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1099 of the conditional, not the last. */
1100 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1102 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1103 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1110 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1115 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1116 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1117 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1118 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1123 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1125 switch (o->op_type) {
1127 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1132 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1142 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1143 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1149 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1151 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1154 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1155 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1161 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1166 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1169 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1176 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1180 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1181 const char* useless = NULL;
1185 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1187 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1189 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1191 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1194 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1195 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1196 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1202 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1203 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1204 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1205 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1206 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1208 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1209 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1210 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1211 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1212 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1217 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1218 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1220 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1223 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1225 switch (o->op_type) {
1227 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1231 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1235 if (o->op_private == 4)
1260 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1279 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1280 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1285 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1310 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1311 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1312 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1316 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1317 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1319 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1321 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1323 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1327 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1328 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1329 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1332 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1336 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1337 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1341 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1348 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1349 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1350 useless = "a variable";
1355 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1356 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1358 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1359 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1360 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1361 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1363 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1364 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1365 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1366 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1368 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1369 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1370 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1371 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1372 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1373 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1374 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1375 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1376 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1377 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1378 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1381 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1383 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1385 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1386 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1388 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1389 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1390 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1393 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1394 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1397 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1400 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1404 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1405 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1409 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1410 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1414 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1415 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1419 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1425 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1428 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1431 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1432 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1435 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1437 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1440 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1441 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1442 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1445 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1448 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1450 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1453 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1454 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1455 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1457 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1458 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1459 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1471 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1472 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1473 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1475 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1477 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1479 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1480 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1489 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1494 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1501 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1512 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1523 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1524 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1525 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1526 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1529 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1530 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1537 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1539 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1541 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1548 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1553 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1554 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1555 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1556 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1561 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1562 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1564 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1567 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1569 switch (o->op_type) {
1572 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1577 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1585 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1587 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1588 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1589 return gen_constant_list(o);
1596 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1598 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1601 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1602 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1608 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1612 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1619 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1623 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1625 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1626 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1629 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1630 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1634 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1636 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1637 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1638 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1641 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1646 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1648 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1650 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1651 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1657 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1659 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1660 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1661 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1662 the tree thread-safe.
1667 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1672 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1680 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1682 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1684 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1686 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1687 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1689 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1690 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1691 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1692 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1693 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1694 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1695 finalize_op(prop_op);
1702 switch (o->op_type) {
1705 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1709 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1710 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1712 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1713 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1714 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1715 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1716 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1717 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1718 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1719 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1720 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1721 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1728 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1729 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1730 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1731 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1732 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1733 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1734 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1735 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1742 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1743 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1747 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1748 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1749 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1750 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1751 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1752 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1753 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1754 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1756 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1757 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1758 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1759 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1760 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1762 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1763 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1764 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1765 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1766 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1767 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1768 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1770 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1771 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1772 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1775 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1776 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1777 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1778 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1779 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1781 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1792 const char *key = NULL;
1795 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1798 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1799 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1800 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1801 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1802 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1803 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1804 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1806 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1810 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1813 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1814 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1816 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1817 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1819 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1820 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1822 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1823 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1824 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1825 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1826 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1827 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1828 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1840 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1842 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1843 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1844 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1845 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1847 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1848 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1850 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1851 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1852 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1854 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1855 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1856 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1858 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1864 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1865 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1867 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1868 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1870 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1871 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1872 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1873 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1874 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1875 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1877 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1878 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1879 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1880 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1881 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1882 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1883 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1884 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1891 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1892 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1899 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1901 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1907 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1909 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1910 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1911 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1912 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1915 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1916 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1917 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1919 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1920 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1926 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1930 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1933 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1936 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1937 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1942 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1944 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1946 switch (o->op_type) {
1951 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1955 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1956 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1957 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1958 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1959 poses, so we need it clear. */
1960 o->op_private &= ~1;
1961 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1962 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1963 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1966 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1967 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1968 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1969 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1970 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1971 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1972 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1975 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1976 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1979 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1980 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1982 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1983 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1984 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1985 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1987 while (kid->op_sibling)
1988 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1989 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1990 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1993 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1994 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1995 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1996 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1998 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1999 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2000 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2001 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2005 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2015 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2016 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2017 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2018 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2020 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2021 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2023 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2024 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2026 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2040 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2049 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2056 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2057 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2062 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2063 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2064 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2068 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2070 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2077 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2078 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2082 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2085 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2086 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2087 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2091 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2095 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2104 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2111 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2112 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2113 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2114 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2116 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2117 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2121 if (!type) /* local() */
2122 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2123 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2132 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2136 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2142 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2143 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2144 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2145 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2146 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2147 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2148 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2153 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2154 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2155 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2156 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2157 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2158 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2168 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2169 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2174 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2176 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2178 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2179 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2185 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2186 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2187 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2188 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2189 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2193 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2195 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2201 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2202 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2204 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2205 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2208 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2209 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2211 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2212 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2213 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2216 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2217 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2218 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2223 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2224 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2227 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2228 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2229 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2234 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2239 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2263 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2284 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2286 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2288 switch (o->op_type) {
2296 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2309 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2311 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2313 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2320 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2327 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2330 switch (o->op_type) {
2332 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2333 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2334 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2335 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2336 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2337 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2338 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2339 o->op_private &= ~1;
2341 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2342 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2343 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2345 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2351 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2352 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2355 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2356 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2357 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2360 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2361 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2362 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2364 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2371 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2374 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2375 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2376 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2382 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2387 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2389 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2393 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2394 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2395 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2396 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2398 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2408 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2410 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2420 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2427 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2428 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2429 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2431 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2432 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2434 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2438 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2440 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2441 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2442 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2443 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2444 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2451 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2454 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2456 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2458 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2459 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2461 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2462 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2464 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2465 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2467 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2468 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2469 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2470 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2472 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2477 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2480 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2481 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2483 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2488 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2489 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2490 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2492 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2493 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2494 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2495 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2496 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2497 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2499 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2500 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2503 /* Need package name for method call. */
2504 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2506 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2507 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2509 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2510 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2511 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2512 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2513 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2514 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2515 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2516 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2518 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2519 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2520 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2521 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2522 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2523 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2525 /* Combine the ops. */
2526 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2530 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2532 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2533 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2534 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2535 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2536 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2537 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2538 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2539 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2540 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2541 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2547 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2548 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2555 len = strlen(attrstr);
2559 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2561 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2562 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2563 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2564 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2565 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2569 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2570 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2571 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2572 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2573 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2574 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2575 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2580 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2584 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2586 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2588 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2592 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2593 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2597 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2599 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2600 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2602 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2604 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2606 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2607 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2608 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2610 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2612 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2614 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2615 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2616 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2617 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2618 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2619 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2620 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2623 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2626 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2629 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2631 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2633 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2635 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2638 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2641 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2642 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2644 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2645 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2647 stash = PL_curstash;
2648 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2650 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2651 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2653 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2658 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2662 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2664 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2666 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2667 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2669 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2679 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2681 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2682 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2683 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2686 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2687 which will mess up list assignment. */
2688 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2689 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2690 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2692 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2693 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2696 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2699 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2700 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2705 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2707 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2709 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2714 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2718 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2719 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2721 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2723 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2724 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2726 const char * const desc
2728 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2729 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2731 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2732 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2735 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2736 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2737 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2738 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2741 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2744 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2745 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2748 const char * const sample = (isary
2749 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2750 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2751 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2752 desc, sample, sample);
2756 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2757 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2758 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2760 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2763 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2764 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2766 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2767 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2768 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2770 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2771 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2772 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2773 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2774 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2776 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2778 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2781 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2782 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2783 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2784 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2785 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2786 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2787 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2790 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2791 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2793 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2795 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2799 return bind_match(type, left,
2800 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2804 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2808 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2812 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2814 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2815 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2816 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2817 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2818 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2819 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2826 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2830 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2831 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2832 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2833 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2835 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2837 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2838 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2839 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2840 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2843 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2844 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2846 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2851 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2857 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2859 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2860 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2861 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2862 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2869 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2872 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2874 pad_block_start(full);
2876 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2877 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2878 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2880 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2886 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2889 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2890 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2893 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2896 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2898 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2902 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2903 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2904 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2909 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2912 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2913 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2914 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2915 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2916 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2917 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2918 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2919 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2920 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2921 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2922 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2923 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2924 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2925 list of ops like this:
2949 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2950 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2951 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2952 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2953 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2954 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2955 if (kid == last) break;
2957 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2960 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2966 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2968 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2970 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2971 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2977 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2979 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2981 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2988 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2989 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2990 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2993 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2994 o->op_targ = offset;
3000 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3004 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3011 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3012 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3013 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3015 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3016 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3018 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3019 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3020 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3023 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3025 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3026 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3027 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3028 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3029 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3032 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3033 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3035 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3038 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3039 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3040 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3041 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3044 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3045 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3046 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3047 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3048 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3049 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3050 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3053 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3054 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3055 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3056 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3057 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3058 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3059 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3060 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3061 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3062 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3065 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3067 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3070 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3071 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3072 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3073 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3074 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3075 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3076 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3077 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3078 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3081 /* Register with debugger */
3083 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3087 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3089 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3096 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3100 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3102 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3103 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3104 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3111 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3112 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3113 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3115 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3118 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3119 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3123 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3124 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3127 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3129 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3135 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3136 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3137 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3139 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3141 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3151 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3152 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3153 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3158 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3160 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3162 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3164 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3165 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3170 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3171 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3173 I32 type = o->op_type;
3175 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3177 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3179 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3180 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3185 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3186 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3188 I32 type = o->op_type;
3190 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3192 /* integerize op. */
3193 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3196 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3199 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3200 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3201 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3207 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3212 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3217 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3218 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3222 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3224 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3238 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3239 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3243 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3244 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3247 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3248 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3250 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3251 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3252 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3259 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3262 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3263 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3265 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3266 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3267 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3269 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3271 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3277 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3278 old_next = o->op_next;
3282 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3283 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3285 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3286 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3287 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3288 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3289 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3290 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3291 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3292 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3299 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3300 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3302 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3303 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3304 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3307 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3310 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3311 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3316 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3317 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3319 o->op_next = old_next;
3323 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3324 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3325 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3326 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3327 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3328 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3331 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3332 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3333 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3335 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3336 delete_eval_scope();
3345 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3346 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3348 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3349 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3357 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3361 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3364 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3365 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3367 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3370 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3373 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3374 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3375 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3376 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3378 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3379 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3380 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3381 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3382 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3383 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3384 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3386 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3395 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3398 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3399 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3400 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3402 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3404 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3405 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3407 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3408 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3409 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3410 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3414 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3415 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3416 o->op_flags |= flags;
3418 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3419 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3422 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3426 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3429 /* List constructors */
3432 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3434 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3435 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3436 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3437 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3438 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3439 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3445 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3453 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3454 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3456 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3459 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3460 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3462 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3463 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3465 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3470 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3472 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3473 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3474 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3475 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3476 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3477 the other is returned unchanged.
3483 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3491 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3492 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3494 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3495 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3497 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3498 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3499 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3502 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3503 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3505 while (mp->mad_next)
3507 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3510 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3513 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3514 last->op_madprop = 0;
3517 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3523 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3525 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3526 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3527 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3528 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3529 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3530 the other is returned unchanged.
3536 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3544 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3545 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3546 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3547 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3548 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3549 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3552 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3553 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3554 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3556 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3557 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3559 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3563 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3571 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3574 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3575 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3576 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3578 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3583 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3587 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3589 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3594 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3599 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3601 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3602 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3603 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3610 /* faked up qw list? */
3612 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3613 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3620 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3621 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3622 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3623 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3625 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3639 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3640 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3650 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3659 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3660 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3661 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3662 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3664 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3671 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3674 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3680 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3689 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3690 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3691 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3692 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3694 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3701 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3704 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3708 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3709 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3715 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3733 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3737 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3741 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3762 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3764 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3766 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3770 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3772 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3775 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3776 mp->mad_type = type;
3778 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3783 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3785 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3789 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3790 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3791 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3792 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3796 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3799 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3800 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3803 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3806 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3809 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3815 =head1 Optree construction
3817 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3819 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3820 empty list expression.
3826 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3828 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3832 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3834 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3835 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3841 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3843 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3844 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3845 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3846 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3847 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3853 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3858 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3860 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3862 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3863 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3866 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3870 else if (!first && last)
3873 first->op_sibling = last;
3874 listop->op_first = first;
3875 listop->op_last = last;
3876 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3877 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3878 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3879 listop->op_first = pushop;
3880 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3882 listop->op_last = pushop;
3885 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3889 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3891 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3892 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3893 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3900 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3905 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3906 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3907 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3910 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3911 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3912 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3913 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3915 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3916 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3917 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3918 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3921 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3922 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3924 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3925 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3926 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3930 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3932 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3933 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3934 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3935 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3936 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3937 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3938 of the constructed op tree.
3944 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3949 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3950 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3951 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3954 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3955 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3956 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3957 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3958 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3959 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3960 || type == OP_NULL );
3963 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3964 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3965 first = force_list(first);
3967 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3968 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3969 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3970 unop->op_first = first;
3971 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3972 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3973 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3977 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3981 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3983 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3984 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3985 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3986 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3987 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3988 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3989 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3995 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4000 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4001 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4003 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4006 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4008 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4009 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4010 binop->op_first = first;
4011 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4014 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4017 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4018 first->op_sibling = last;
4021 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4022 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4025 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4027 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4030 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4031 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4032 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4033 __attribute__pure__;
4034 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4036 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4038 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4040 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4042 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4048 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4051 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4054 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4055 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4057 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4060 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4061 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4067 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4068 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4069 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4072 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4074 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4077 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4080 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4082 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4083 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4085 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4086 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4100 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4101 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4104 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4108 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4111 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4113 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4117 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4118 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4119 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4120 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4124 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4127 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4129 transv = newSVpvs("");
4131 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4133 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4135 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4139 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4143 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4144 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4146 diff = val - nextmin;
4148 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4149 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4151 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4152 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4153 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4154 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4161 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4162 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4164 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4165 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4167 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4168 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4169 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4170 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4174 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4175 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4178 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4179 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4181 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4185 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4186 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4187 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4188 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4190 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4192 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4199 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4200 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4202 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4204 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4206 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4215 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4219 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4220 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4221 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4228 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4229 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4231 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4232 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4234 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4238 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4239 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4242 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4243 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4245 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4246 max = rfirst + diff;
4248 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4249 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4261 else if (max > 0xff)
4266 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4268 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4269 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4270 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4272 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4274 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4276 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4277 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4279 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4280 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4281 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4284 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4290 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4291 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4299 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4300 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4301 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4303 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4305 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4307 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4309 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4318 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4328 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4330 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4335 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4336 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4337 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4339 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4340 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4341 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4345 if (!rlen && !del) {
4348 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4350 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4351 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4353 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4355 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4356 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4358 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4364 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4365 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4372 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4373 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4374 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4375 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4379 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4381 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4382 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4392 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4394 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4395 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4396 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4402 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4407 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4409 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4410 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4411 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4412 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4413 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4415 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4416 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4417 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4418 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4420 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4421 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4422 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4424 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4426 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4427 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4428 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4430 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4431 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4432 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4434 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4435 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4441 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4442 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4443 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4444 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4445 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4446 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4448 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4450 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4452 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4453 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4454 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4456 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4457 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4458 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4459 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4463 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4466 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4467 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4468 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4471 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4472 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4473 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4474 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4475 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4477 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4478 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4479 * the new sub was created
4483 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4488 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4490 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4491 bool is_compiletime;
4494 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4496 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4498 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4500 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4501 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4502 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4503 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4504 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4505 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4508 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4511 OP* const oe = expr;
4512 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4513 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4514 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4515 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4516 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4517 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4520 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4523 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4524 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4525 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4526 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4527 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4531 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4533 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4534 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4536 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4537 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4539 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4543 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4548 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4550 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4552 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4553 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4555 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4558 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4559 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4561 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4562 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4563 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4565 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4566 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4567 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4568 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4572 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4573 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4574 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4575 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4578 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4579 * the op_next chain */
4582 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4587 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4589 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4591 if (is_compiletime) {
4592 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4593 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4595 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4596 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4598 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4599 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4600 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4601 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4602 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4603 * regex was parsed */
4604 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4605 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4606 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4608 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4613 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4614 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4615 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4616 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4619 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4625 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4626 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4629 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4632 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4634 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4635 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4636 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4637 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4638 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4639 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4641 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4642 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4643 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4644 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4646 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4647 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4648 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4649 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4652 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4657 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4659 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4661 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4666 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4667 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4668 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4671 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4672 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4673 * preceding stacking ops;
4674 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4676 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4677 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4679 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4680 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4681 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4682 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4683 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4684 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4685 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4689 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4691 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4693 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4694 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4698 * ------ -------------------
4699 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4700 * pushmark (for entersub)
4701 * pushmark (for refgen)
4705 * regcreset regcreset
4707 * const("a") const("a")
4709 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4714 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4715 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4716 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4717 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4718 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4719 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4721 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4724 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4725 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4726 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4727 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4728 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4729 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4730 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4731 rcop->op_private = 0;
4733 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4735 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4736 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4738 /* establish postfix order */
4739 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4741 rcop->op_next = expr;
4742 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4745 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4746 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4749 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4755 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4756 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4757 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4759 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4760 the implicit do{}. */
4761 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4762 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4763 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4764 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4765 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4766 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4767 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4769 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4771 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4772 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4773 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4774 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4775 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4776 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4777 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4778 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4779 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4780 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4788 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4789 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4791 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4792 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4795 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4796 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4797 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4798 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4799 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4800 rcop->op_private = 1;
4803 /* establish postfix order */
4804 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4805 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4807 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4808 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4809 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4818 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4820 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4821 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4822 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4823 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4829 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4834 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4836 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4837 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4838 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4840 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4841 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4842 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4844 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4845 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4846 svop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4847 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4849 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4850 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4851 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4857 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4859 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4860 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4861 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4862 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4865 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4871 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4876 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4878 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4879 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4880 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4882 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4883 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4884 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4885 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4886 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4887 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4890 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4891 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4892 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4894 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4895 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4896 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4899 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4902 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4904 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4905 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4906 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4907 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4914 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4918 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4922 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4924 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4929 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4931 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4932 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4933 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4934 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4935 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4941 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4944 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4949 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4951 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4953 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4954 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4955 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4957 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4958 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4959 pvop->op_private = utf8 ? OPpPV_IS_UTF8 : 0;
4960 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4962 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4963 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4964 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4972 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4975 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4980 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4982 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4983 save_item(PL_curstname);
4985 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4987 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4989 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4990 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4991 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4996 if (!PL_madskills) {
5001 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
5002 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
5008 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
5011 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
5012 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
5013 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5014 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
5015 PL_hints = savehints;
5024 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
5031 OP *pegop = PL_madskills ? newOP(OP_NULL,0) : NULL;
5033 SV *use_version = NULL;
5035 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
5037 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
5038 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
5041 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
5046 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
5049 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
5050 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
5057 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
5058 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
5060 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5061 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5063 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
5064 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
5065 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5066 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5067 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
5068 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5072 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
5073 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
5075 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
5076 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
5078 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
5079 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
5081 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
5083 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
5089 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
5091 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5092 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5094 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
5096 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
5097 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5098 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5099 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
5100 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5103 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
5105 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
5108 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5109 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5110 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
5111 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
5112 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
5116 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
5117 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
5118 S_enable_feature_bundle(aTHX_ use_version);
5120 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
5121 if (vcmp(use_version,
5122 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
5123 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5124 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5125 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5126 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5127 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5128 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5130 /* otherwise they are off */
5132 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5133 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5134 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5135 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5136 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5137 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5141 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
5142 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
5143 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
5144 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
5145 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
5146 * filesystems the script will stop working.
5148 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
5149 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
5150 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
5151 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
5153 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
5154 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
5155 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
5158 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5159 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5160 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5161 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
5162 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
5171 =head1 Embedding Functions
5173 =for apidoc load_module
5175 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
5176 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
5177 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
5178 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
5179 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified and not NULL, provides version semantics
5180 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
5181 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
5182 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
5183 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
5184 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
5185 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
5186 import list is required.
5188 The reference count for each specified C<SV*> parameter is decremented.
5193 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5197 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
5199 va_start(args, ver);
5200 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5204 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5206 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5210 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
5211 va_start(args, ver);
5212 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5218 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
5222 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
5224 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
5226 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
5228 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
5232 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
5233 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
5235 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
5236 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
5241 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5243 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
5244 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5248 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
5249 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
5250 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
5251 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
5252 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
5255 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
5256 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
5257 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
5258 veop, modname, imop);
5263 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
5269 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
5271 if (!force_builtin) {
5272 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
5273 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
5274 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
5275 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
5279 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
5280 doop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
5281 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
5282 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
5283 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
5286 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
5292 =head1 Optree construction
5294 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
5296 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
5297 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
5298 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5299 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5300 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
5301 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
5302 constructed op tree.
5308 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
5310 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
5311 list(force_list(subscript)),
5312 list(force_list(listval)) );
5316 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ const OP *o)
5324 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5325 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
5327 flags = o->op_flags;
5329 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
5330 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
5331 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
5336 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
5340 if (type == OP_LIST &&
5341 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
5342 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5345 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
5346 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
5347 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
5350 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
5353 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
5360 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
5361 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
5362 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
5364 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
5365 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
5368 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
5369 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
5370 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
5371 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
5373 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5375 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5377 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5378 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5379 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5380 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
5382 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
5383 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
5385 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
5388 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
5390 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
5391 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
5392 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
5393 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
5394 if (cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
5397 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
5399 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
5400 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
5402 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5404 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5408 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
5411 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5413 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5421 if (curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
5422 if (aassign_common_vars(curop))
5430 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newASSIGNOP|I32 flags|OP *left|I32 optype|OP *right
5432 Constructs, checks, and returns an assignment op. I<left> and I<right>
5433 supply the parameters of the assignment; they are consumed by this
5434 function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5436 If I<optype> is C<OP_ANDASSIGN>, C<OP_ORASSIGN>, or C<OP_DORASSIGN>, then
5437 a suitable conditional optree is constructed. If I<optype> is the opcode
5438 of a binary operator, such as C<OP_BIT_OR>, then an op is constructed that
5439 performs the binary operation and assigns the result to the left argument.
5440 Either way, if I<optype> is non-zero then I<flags> has no effect.
5442 If I<optype> is zero, then a plain scalar or list assignment is
5443 constructed. Which type of assignment it is is automatically determined.
5444 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5445 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
5446 of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5453 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
5459 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
5460 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
5461 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype),
5462 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
5465 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
5466 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
5470 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
5471 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
5472 " in list context currently forbidden";
5474 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5477 left = op_lvalue(left, OP_AASSIGN);
5478 curop = list(force_list(left));
5479 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
5480 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
5482 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
5483 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
5485 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
5486 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5488 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5489 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5490 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5491 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
5492 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
5493 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5495 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5496 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
5497 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
5500 /* Each state variable in
5501 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5503 yyerror(no_list_state);
5505 /* Each my variable in
5506 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5508 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
5509 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
5510 /* undef may be interesting in
5511 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
5513 /* Other ops in the list. */
5514 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5516 lop = lop->op_sibling;
5519 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5520 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
5521 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
5522 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
5523 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
5525 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV) maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5526 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5527 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
5537 yyerror(no_list_state);
5541 /* PL_generation sorcery:
5542 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
5543 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
5544 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
5545 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
5546 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
5547 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
5548 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
5549 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
5550 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
5551 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
5552 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
5555 if (maybe_common_vars) {
5557 if (aassign_common_vars(o))
5558 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
5562 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
5563 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
5564 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
5565 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
5566 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
5567 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
5568 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
5570 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
5571 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
5573 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5575 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5579 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5580 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
5581 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
5583 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5584 = MUTABLE_GV(cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv);
5585 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
5587 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
5588 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
5589 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
5590 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
5591 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
5592 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
5593 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
5598 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
5599 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
5601 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
5602 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == 0)
5603 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
5611 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
5612 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
5613 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
5614 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN),
5618 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
5619 scalar(right), op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
5625 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSTATEOP|I32 flags|char *label|OP *o
5627 Constructs a state op (COP). The state op is normally a C<nextstate> op,
5628 but will be a C<dbstate> op if debugging is enabled for currently-compiled
5629 code. The state op is populated from L</PL_curcop> (or L</PL_compiling>).
5630 If I<label> is non-null, it supplies the name of a label to attach to
5631 the state op; this function takes ownership of the memory pointed at by
5632 I<label>, and will free it. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
5635 If I<o> is null, the state op is returned. Otherwise the state op is
5636 combined with I<o> into a C<lineseq> list op, which is returned. I<o>
5637 is consumed by this function and becomes part of the returned op tree.
5643 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
5646 const U32 seq = intro_my();
5647 const U32 utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
5652 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
5653 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5654 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
5655 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
5658 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
5659 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
5661 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
5662 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
5664 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
5666 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
5667 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
5670 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
5671 CopHINTHASH_set(cop, cophh_copy(CopHINTHASH_get(PL_curcop)));
5673 Perl_cop_store_label(aTHX_ cop, label, strlen(label), utf8);
5675 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5676 /* It seems that we need to defer freeing this pointer, as other parts
5677 of the grammar end up wanting to copy it after this op has been
5682 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
5683 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
5685 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_parser->copline);
5686 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5689 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
5691 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
5693 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
5695 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5696 /* this line can have a breakpoint - store the cop in IV */
5697 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
5699 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
5700 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
5701 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
5702 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
5707 if (flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
5709 return op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
5713 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOGOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *other
5715 Constructs, checks, and returns a logical (flow control) op. I<type>
5716 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
5717 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
5718 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is
5719 automatically set. I<first> supplies the expression controlling the
5720 flow, and I<other> supplies the side (alternate) chain of ops; they are
5721 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5727 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
5731 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOGOP;
5733 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
5737 S_search_const(pTHX_ OP *o)
5739 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SEARCH_CONST;
5741 switch (o->op_type) {
5745 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5746 return search_const(cUNOPo->op_first);
5753 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5755 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
5757 switch (kid->op_type) {
5761 kid = kid->op_sibling;
5764 if (kid != cLISTOPo->op_last)
5770 kid = cLISTOPo->op_last;
5772 return search_const(kid);
5780 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
5788 int prepend_not = 0;
5790 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_LOGOP;
5795 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
5796 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
5798 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOGOP);
5800 scalarboolean(first);
5801 /* optimize AND and OR ops that have NOTs as children */
5802 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
5803 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5804 && ((first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* unless ($x) { } */
5805 || (other->op_type == OP_NOT)) /* if (!$x && !$y) { } */
5807 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
5813 if (other->op_type == OP_NOT) { /* !a AND|OR !b => !(a OR|AND b) */
5815 prepend_not = 1; /* prepend a NOT op later */
5819 /* search for a constant op that could let us fold the test */
5820 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5821 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
5822 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5823 else if ((cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
5824 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
5825 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5826 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5827 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv))) {
5829 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5830 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5832 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
5833 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
5834 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5838 if (other->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
5839 other = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, other);
5840 else if (other->op_type == OP_MATCH
5841 || other->op_type == OP_SUBST
5842 || other->op_type == OP_TRANSR
5843 || other->op_type == OP_TRANS)
5844 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
5845 other->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
5846 else if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5847 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
5851 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
5852 const OP *o2 = other;
5853 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
5854 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
5855 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
5856 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
5859 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
5860 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
5861 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
5862 && !(o2->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE))
5864 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
5865 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
5869 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
5870 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5872 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
5873 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
5874 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5881 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
5882 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
5884 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
5885 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
5887 switch (first->op_type)
5890 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
5891 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
5892 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
5894 warnop = k2->op_type;
5899 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
5900 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
5901 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
5902 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
5903 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH)
5905 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
5906 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
5911 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
5912 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
5913 of the construction, not the last. */
5914 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
5915 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
5916 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
5918 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
5919 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
5920 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
5927 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
5928 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
5930 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
5932 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
5933 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
5934 logop->op_first = first;
5935 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
5936 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
5937 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
5939 /* establish postfix order */
5940 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
5941 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
5942 first->op_sibling = other;
5944 CHECKOP(type,logop);
5946 o = newUNOP(prepend_not ? OP_NOT : OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
5953 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newCONDOP|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *trueop|OP *falseop
5955 Constructs, checks, and returns a conditional-expression (C<cond_expr>)
5956 op. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5957 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5958 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is automatically set.
5959 I<first> supplies the expression selecting between the two branches,
5960 and I<trueop> and I<falseop> supply the branches; they are consumed by
5961 this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5967 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
5975 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWCONDOP;
5978 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
5980 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
5982 scalarboolean(first);
5983 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5984 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
5985 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv);
5986 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
5987 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
5988 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
5989 cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
5990 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5993 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
5994 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
5995 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
5996 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
6001 if (live->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
6002 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, live);
6003 else if (live->op_type == OP_MATCH || live->op_type == OP_SUBST
6004 || live->op_type == OP_TRANS || live->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
6005 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
6006 live->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6007 else if (live->op_type == OP_CONST)
6008 live->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
6011 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
6012 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
6013 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
6014 logop->op_first = first;
6015 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
6016 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6017 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
6018 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
6020 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
6023 /* establish postfix order */
6024 start = LINKLIST(first);
6025 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
6027 first->op_sibling = trueop;
6028 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
6029 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
6031 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
6038 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newRANGE|I32 flags|OP *left|OP *right
6040 Constructs and returns a C<range> op, with subordinate C<flip> and
6041 C<flop> ops. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6042 C<flip> op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>
6043 for both the C<flip> and C<range> ops, except that the bit with value
6044 1 is automatically set. I<left> and I<right> supply the expressions
6045 controlling the endpoints of the range; they are consumed by this function
6046 and become part of the constructed op tree.
6052 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
6061 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRANGE;
6063 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
6065 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
6066 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
6067 range->op_first = left;
6068 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
6069 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
6070 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
6071 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6073 left->op_sibling = right;
6075 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
6076 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
6077 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
6078 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
6080 range->op_next = leftstart;
6082 left->op_next = flip;
6083 right->op_next = flop;
6085 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6086 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6087 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6088 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6090 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6091 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6093 /* check barewords before they might be optimized aways */
6094 if (flip->op_private && cSVOPx(left)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6095 no_bareword_allowed(left);
6096 if (flop->op_private && cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6097 no_bareword_allowed(right);
6100 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
6101 LINKLIST(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
6107 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|OP *expr|OP *block
6109 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a loop. This is
6110 only a loop in the control flow through the op tree; it does not have
6111 the heavyweight loop structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last>
6112 and suchlike. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6113 top-level op, except that some bits will be set automatically as required.
6114 I<expr> supplies the expression controlling loop iteration, and I<block>
6115 supplies the body of the loop; they are consumed by this function and
6116 become part of the constructed op tree. I<debuggable> is currently
6117 unused and should always be 1.
6123 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
6128 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
6129 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
6131 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6134 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
6135 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
6136 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6137 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6138 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6139 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6140 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6141 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6142 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6143 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6144 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6145 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6146 switch (expr->op_type) {
6148 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6149 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6150 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6151 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6155 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6156 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6157 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6158 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6159 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6160 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6166 /* if block is null, the next op_append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
6167 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
6169 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6170 listop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
6171 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6174 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
6176 if (once && o != listop)
6177 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
6180 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
6182 o->op_flags |= flags;
6184 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
6189 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHILEOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|LOOP *loop|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont|I32 has_my
6191 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<while> loop.
6192 This is a heavyweight loop, with structure that allows exiting the loop
6193 by C<last> and suchlike.
6195 I<loop> is an optional preconstructed C<enterloop> op to use in the
6196 loop; if it is null then a suitable op will be constructed automatically.
6197 I<expr> supplies the loop's controlling expression. I<block> supplies the
6198 main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue> block
6199 that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree inputs
6200 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6202 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6203 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6204 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6205 automatically. I<debuggable> is currently unused and should always be 1.
6206 I<has_my> can be supplied as true to force the
6207 loop body to be enclosed in its own scope.
6213 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop,
6214 OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
6223 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6226 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6227 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6228 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6229 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6230 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6231 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6232 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6233 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6234 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6235 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6236 switch (expr->op_type) {
6238 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6239 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6240 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6241 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6245 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6246 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6247 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6248 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6249 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6250 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6257 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6258 else if (cont || has_my) {
6259 block = op_scope(block);
6263 next = LINKLIST(cont);
6266 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
6269 cont = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
6273 listop = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, block, cont);
6275 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
6279 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6280 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
6282 return expr; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
6285 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
6286 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
6292 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
6293 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
6294 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
6295 loop->op_private = 0;
6296 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
6299 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
6301 loop->op_redoop = redo;
6302 loop->op_lastop = o;
6303 o->op_private |= loopflags;
6306 loop->op_nextop = next;
6308 loop->op_nextop = o;
6310 o->op_flags |= flags;
6311 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
6316 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newFOROP|I32 flags|OP *sv|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont
6318 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<foreach>
6319 loop (iteration through a list of values). This is a heavyweight loop,
6320 with structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last> and suchlike.
6322 I<sv> optionally supplies the variable that will be aliased to each
6323 item in turn; if null, it defaults to C<$_> (either lexical or global).
6324 I<expr> supplies the list of values to iterate over. I<block> supplies
6325 the main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue>
6326 block that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree
6327 inputs are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed
6330 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6331 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6332 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6339 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
6344 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
6349 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWFOROP;
6352 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
6353 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
6354 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
6355 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
6357 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
6358 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
6359 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
6360 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
6363 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
6364 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
6365 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6367 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
6368 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
6369 padoff = sv->op_targ;
6379 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
6381 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
6383 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
6385 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
6386 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6390 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
6391 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
6392 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
6397 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6399 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
6400 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
6401 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6403 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
6404 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
6405 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
6407 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
6408 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
6409 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_enteriter'.
6411 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
6412 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
6413 OP* const left = range->op_first;
6414 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
6417 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
6418 range->op_first = NULL;
6420 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
6421 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
6422 left->op_next = range->op_other;
6423 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
6424 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
6427 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');
6431 expr = (OP*)(listop);
6433 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6436 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(expr), OP_GREPSTART);
6439 loop = (LOOP*)list(convert(OP_ENTERITER, iterflags,
6440 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, expr, scalar(sv))));
6441 assert(!loop->op_next);
6442 /* for my $x () sets OPpLVAL_INTRO;
6443 * for our $x () sets OPpOUR_INTRO */
6444 loop->op_private = (U8)iterpflags;
6445 if (loop->op_slabbed
6446 && DIFF(loop, OpSLOT(loop)->opslot_next)
6447 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(LOOP)))
6450 NewOp(1234,tmp,1,LOOP);
6451 Copy(loop,tmp,1,LISTOP);
6452 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)loop);
6455 else if (!loop->op_slabbed)
6456 loop = (LOOP*)PerlMemShared_realloc(loop, sizeof(LOOP));
6457 loop->op_targ = padoff;
6458 wop = newWHILEOP(flags, 1, loop, newOP(OP_ITER, 0), block, cont, 0);
6460 op_getmad(madsv, (OP*)loop, 'v');
6465 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPEX|I32 type|OP *label
6467 Constructs, checks, and returns a loop-exiting op (such as C<goto>
6468 or C<last>). I<type> is the opcode. I<label> supplies the parameter
6469 determining the target of the op; it is consumed by this function and
6470 becomes part of the constructed op tree.
6476 Perl_newLOOPEX(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *label)
6481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOOPEX;
6483 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
6485 if (type != OP_GOTO) {
6486 /* "last()" means "last" */
6487 if (label->op_type == OP_STUB && (label->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)) {
6488 o = newOP(type, OPf_SPECIAL);
6492 /* Check whether it's going to be a goto &function */
6493 if (label->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
6494 && !(label->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
6495 label = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(label, OP_REFGEN));
6498 /* Check for a constant argument */
6499 if (label->op_type == OP_CONST) {
6500 SV * const sv = ((SVOP *)label)->op_sv;
6502 const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,l);
6503 if (l == strlen(s)) {
6505 SvUTF8(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv),
6507 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv)));
6511 /* If we have already created an op, we do not need the label. */
6514 op_getmad(label,o,'L');
6518 else o = newUNOP(type, OPf_STACKED, label);
6520 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
6524 /* if the condition is a literal array or hash
6525 (or @{ ... } etc), make a reference to it.
6528 S_ref_array_or_hash(pTHX_ OP *cond)
6531 && (cond->op_type == OP_RV2AV
6532 || cond->op_type == OP_PADAV
6533 || cond->op_type == OP_RV2HV
6534 || cond->op_type == OP_PADHV))
6536 return newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(cond, OP_REFGEN));
6539 && (cond->op_type == OP_ASLICE
6540 || cond->op_type == OP_HSLICE)) {
6542 /* anonlist now needs a list from this op, was previously used in
6544 cond->op_flags |= ~(OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_REF);
6545 cond->op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
6547 return newANONLIST(op_lvalue(cond, OP_ANONLIST));
6554 /* These construct the optree fragments representing given()
6557 entergiven and enterwhen are LOGOPs; the op_other pointer
6558 points up to the associated leave op. We need this so we
6559 can put it in the context and make break/continue work.
6560 (Also, of course, pp_enterwhen will jump straight to
6561 op_other if the match fails.)
6565 S_newGIVWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block,
6566 I32 enter_opcode, I32 leave_opcode,
6567 PADOFFSET entertarg)
6573 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVWHENOP;
6575 NewOp(1101, enterop, 1, LOGOP);
6576 enterop->op_type = (Optype)enter_opcode;
6577 enterop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[enter_opcode];
6578 enterop->op_flags = (U8) OPf_KIDS;
6579 enterop->op_targ = ((entertarg == NOT_IN_PAD) ? 0 : entertarg);
6580 enterop->op_private = 0;
6582 o = newUNOP(leave_opcode, 0, (OP *) enterop);
6585 enterop->op_first = scalar(cond);
6586 cond->op_sibling = block;
6588 o->op_next = LINKLIST(cond);
6589 cond->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6592 /* This is a default {} block */
6593 enterop->op_first = block;
6594 enterop->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6595 o ->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6597 o->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6600 CHECKOP(enter_opcode, enterop); /* Currently does nothing, since
6601 entergiven and enterwhen both
6604 enterop->op_next = LINKLIST(block);
6605 block->op_next = enterop->op_other = o;
6610 /* Does this look like a boolean operation? For these purposes
6611 a boolean operation is:
6612 - a subroutine call [*]
6613 - a logical connective
6614 - a comparison operator
6615 - a filetest operator, with the exception of -s -M -A -C
6616 - defined(), exists() or eof()
6617 - /$re/ or $foo =~ /$re/
6619 [*] possibly surprising
6622 S_looks_like_bool(pTHX_ const OP *o)
6626 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOOKS_LIKE_BOOL;
6628 switch(o->op_type) {
6631 return looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first);
6635 looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first)
6636 && looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling));
6641 o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
6642 && looks_like_bool(cUNOPo->op_first));
6646 case OP_NOT: case OP_XOR:
6648 case OP_EQ: case OP_NE: case OP_LT:
6649 case OP_GT: case OP_LE: case OP_GE:
6651 case OP_I_EQ: case OP_I_NE: case OP_I_LT:
6652 case OP_I_GT: case OP_I_LE: case OP_I_GE:
6654 case OP_SEQ: case OP_SNE: case OP_SLT:
6655 case OP_SGT: case OP_SLE: case OP_SGE:
6659 case OP_FTRREAD: case OP_FTRWRITE: case OP_FTREXEC:
6660 case OP_FTEREAD: case OP_FTEWRITE: case OP_FTEEXEC:
6661 case OP_FTIS: case OP_FTEOWNED: case OP_FTROWNED:
6662 case OP_FTZERO: case OP_FTSOCK: case OP_FTCHR:
6663 case OP_FTBLK: case OP_FTFILE: case OP_FTDIR:
6664 case OP_FTPIPE: case OP_FTLINK: case OP_FTSUID:
6665 case OP_FTSGID: case OP_FTSVTX: case OP_FTTTY:
6666 case OP_FTTEXT: case OP_FTBINARY:
6668 case OP_DEFINED: case OP_EXISTS:
6669 case OP_MATCH: case OP_EOF:
6676 /* Detect comparisons that have been optimized away */
6677 if (cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_yes
6678 || cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_no)
6691 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGIVENOP|OP *cond|OP *block|PADOFFSET defsv_off
6693 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<given> block.
6694 I<cond> supplies the expression that will be locally assigned to a lexical
6695 variable, and I<block> supplies the body of the C<given> construct; they
6696 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6697 I<defsv_off> is the pad offset of the scalar lexical variable that will
6698 be affected. If it is 0, the global $_ will be used.
6704 Perl_newGIVENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block, PADOFFSET defsv_off)
6707 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVENOP;
6708 return newGIVWHENOP(
6709 ref_array_or_hash(cond),
6711 OP_ENTERGIVEN, OP_LEAVEGIVEN,
6716 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHENOP|OP *cond|OP *block
6718 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<when> block.
6719 I<cond> supplies the test expression, and I<block> supplies the block
6720 that will be executed if the test evaluates to true; they are consumed
6721 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree. I<cond>
6722 will be interpreted DWIMically, often as a comparison against C<$_>,
6723 and may be null to generate a C<default> block.
6729 Perl_newWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block)
6731 const bool cond_llb = (!cond || looks_like_bool(cond));
6734 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWWHENOP;
6739 cond_op = newBINOP(OP_SMARTMATCH, OPf_SPECIAL,
6741 scalar(ref_array_or_hash(cond)));
6744 return newGIVWHENOP(cond_op, block, OP_ENTERWHEN, OP_LEAVEWHEN, 0);
6748 Perl_cv_ckproto_len_flags(pTHX_ const CV *cv, const GV *gv, const char *p,
6749 const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
6751 const char * const cvp = SvROK(cv) ? "" : CvPROTO(cv);
6752 const STRLEN clen = CvPROTOLEN(cv);
6754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_CKPROTO_LEN_FLAGS;
6756 if (((!p != !cvp) /* One has prototype, one has not. */
6758 (flags & SVf_UTF8) == SvUTF8(cv)
6759 ? len != clen || memNE(cvp, p, len)
6761 ? bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8 *)cvp, clen,
6763 : bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8 *)p, len,
6764 (const U8 *)cvp, clen)
6768 && ckWARN_d(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
6769 SV* const msg = sv_newmortal();
6775 gv_efullname3(name = sv_newmortal(), gv, NULL);
6776 else if (SvPOK(gv) && *SvPVX((SV *)gv) == '&')
6777 name = newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX((SV *)gv)+1, SvCUR(gv)-1,
6778 SvUTF8(gv)|SVs_TEMP);
6779 else name = (SV *)gv;
6781 sv_setpvs(msg, "Prototype mismatch:");
6783 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " sub %"SVf, SVfARG(name));
6785 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " (%"SVf")",
6786 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(cvp,clen, SvUTF8(cv)|SVs_TEMP))
6789 sv_catpvs(msg, ": none");
6790 sv_catpvs(msg, " vs ");
6792 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "(%"SVf")", SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(p, len, flags | SVs_TEMP)));
6794 sv_catpvs(msg, "none");
6795 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE), "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
6799 static void const_sv_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
6803 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
6805 =for apidoc cv_const_sv
6807 If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
6808 value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
6810 Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
6811 L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
6816 Perl_cv_const_sv(pTHX_ const CV *const cv)
6818 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
6821 if (!(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV || SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVFM))
6823 return CvCONST(cv) ? MUTABLE_SV(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr) : NULL;
6826 /* op_const_sv: examine an optree to determine whether it's in-lineable.
6827 * Can be called in 3 ways:
6830 * look for a single OP_CONST with attached value: return the value
6832 * cv && CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCONST(cv)
6834 * examine the clone prototype, and if contains only a single
6835 * OP_CONST referencing a pad const, or a single PADSV referencing
6836 * an outer lexical, return a non-zero value to indicate the CV is
6837 * a candidate for "constizing" at clone time
6841 * We have just cloned an anon prototype that was marked as a const
6842 * candidate. Try to grab the current value, and in the case of
6843 * PADSV, ignore it if it has multiple references. In this case we
6844 * return a newly created *copy* of the value.
6848 Perl_op_const_sv(pTHX_ const OP *o, CV *cv)
6859 if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ && cLISTOPo->op_first)
6860 o = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
6862 for (; o; o = o->op_next) {
6863 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
6865 if (sv && o->op_next == o)
6867 if (o->op_next != o) {
6868 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE
6869 || (type == OP_NULL && !(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
6870 || type == OP_PUSHMARK)
6872 if (type == OP_DBSTATE)
6875 if (type == OP_LEAVESUB || type == OP_RETURN)
6879 if (type == OP_CONST && cSVOPo->op_sv)
6881 else if (cv && type == OP_CONST) {
6882 sv = PAD_BASE_SV(CvPADLIST(cv), o->op_targ);
6886 else if (cv && type == OP_PADSV) {
6887 if (CvCONST(cv)) { /* newly cloned anon */
6888 sv = PAD_BASE_SV(CvPADLIST(cv), o->op_targ);
6889 /* the candidate should have 1 ref from this pad and 1 ref
6890 * from the parent */
6891 if (!sv || SvREFCNT(sv) != 2)
6898 if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(o->op_targ) & SVf_FAKE)
6899 sv = &PL_sv_undef; /* an arbitrary non-null value */
6910 S_already_defined(pTHX_ CV *const cv, OP * const block, OP * const o,
6911 PADNAME * const name, SV ** const const_svp)
6918 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
6921 if (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv)) {
6922 /* might have had built-in attrs applied */
6923 const bool pureperl = !CvISXSUB(cv) && CvROOT(cv);
6924 if (CvLVALUE(PL_compcv) && ! CvLVALUE(cv) && pureperl
6925 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
6927 /* protect against fatal warnings leaking compcv */
6928 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
6929 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined");
6930 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(PL_compcv);
6933 (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS
6934 & ~(CVf_LVALUE * pureperl));
6939 /* redundant check for speed: */
6940 if (CvCONST(cv) || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
6941 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
6944 : sv_2mortal(newSVpvn_utf8(
6945 PadnamePV(name)+1,PadnameLEN(name)-1, PadnameUTF8(name)
6947 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
6948 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first
6949 line of a redefinition, not the last. */
6950 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
6951 /* protect against fatal warnings leaking compcv */
6952 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
6953 report_redefined_cv(namesv, cv, const_svp);
6954 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(PL_compcv);
6955 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
6958 if (!PL_minus_c) /* keep old one around for madskills */
6961 /* (PL_madskills unset in used file.) */
6968 Perl_newMYSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
6974 STRLEN ps_len = 0; /* init it to avoid false uninit warning from icc */
6977 CV *compcv = PL_compcv;
6980 PADOFFSET pax = o->op_targ;
6981 CV *outcv = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
6984 bool reusable = FALSE;
6986 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMYSUB;
6988 /* Find the pad slot for storing the new sub.
6989 We cannot use PL_comppad, as it is the pad owned by the new sub. We
6990 need to look in CvOUTSIDE and find the pad belonging to the enclos-
6991 ing sub. And then we need to dig deeper if this is a lexical from
6993 my sub foo; sub { sub foo { } }
6996 name = PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[pax];
6997 if (PadnameOUTER(name) && PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name)) {
6998 pax = PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name);
6999 outcv = CvOUTSIDE(outcv);
7004 &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))
7005 [CvDEPTH(outcv) ? CvDEPTH(outcv) : 1])[pax];
7006 spot = (CV **)svspot;
7009 assert(proto->op_type == OP_CONST);
7010 ps = SvPV_const(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv, ps_len);
7011 ps_utf8 = SvUTF8(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv);
7016 if (!PL_madskills) {
7023 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
7025 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7030 if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && CvCLONE(compcv)) {
7032 svspot = (SV **)(spot = &clonee);
7034 else if (PadnameIsSTATE(name) || CvDEPTH(outcv))
7038 SvUPGRADE(name, SVt_PVMG);
7039 mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
7040 assert (SvTYPE(*spot) == SVt_PVCV);
7042 hek = CvNAME_HEK(*spot);
7044 CvNAME_HEK_set(*spot, hek =
7047 PadnameLEN(name)-1 * (PadnameUTF8(name) ? -1 : 1), 0
7053 cv = (CV *)mg->mg_obj;
7056 sv_magic(name, &PL_sv_undef, PERL_MAGIC_proto, NULL, 0);
7057 mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
7059 spot = (CV **)(svspot = &mg->mg_obj);
7062 if (!block || !ps || *ps || attrs
7063 || (CvFLAGS(compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7065 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7070 const_sv = op_const_sv(block, NULL);
7073 const bool exists = CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv);
7075 /* if the subroutine doesn't exist and wasn't pre-declared
7076 * with a prototype, assume it will be AUTOLOADed,
7077 * skipping the prototype check
7079 if (exists || SvPOK(cv))
7080 cv_ckproto_len_flags(cv, (GV *)name, ps, ps_len, ps_utf8);
7081 /* already defined? */
7083 if (S_already_defined(aTHX_ cv, block, NULL, name, &const_sv))
7086 if (attrs) goto attrs;
7087 /* just a "sub foo;" when &foo is already defined */
7092 else if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && CvCLONE(compcv)) {
7098 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(const_sv);
7100 assert(!CvROOT(cv) && !CvCONST(cv));
7104 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7105 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7106 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7109 sv_setpvs(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ""); /* prototype is "" */
7110 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = const_sv;
7111 CvXSUB(cv) = const_sv_xsub;
7117 SvREFCNT_dec(compcv);
7121 /* Checking whether outcv is CvOUTSIDE(compcv) is not sufficient to
7122 determine whether this sub definition is in the same scope as its
7123 declaration. If this sub definition is inside an inner named pack-
7124 age sub (my sub foo; sub bar { sub foo { ... } }), outcv points to
7125 the package sub. So check PadnameOUTER(name) too.
7127 if (outcv == CvOUTSIDE(compcv) && !PadnameOUTER(name)) {
7128 assert(!CvWEAKOUTSIDE(compcv));
7129 SvREFCNT_dec(CvOUTSIDE(compcv));
7130 CvWEAKOUTSIDE_on(compcv);
7132 /* XXX else do we have a circular reference? */
7133 if (cv) { /* must reuse cv in case stub is referenced elsewhere */
7134 /* transfer PL_compcv to cv */
7137 && block->op_type != OP_NULL
7140 cv_flags_t preserved_flags =
7141 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS|CVf_NAMED);
7142 PADLIST *const temp_padl = CvPADLIST(cv);
7143 CV *const temp_cv = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
7144 const cv_flags_t other_flags =
7145 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7146 OP * const cvstart = CvSTART(cv);
7150 CvFLAGS(compcv) | preserved_flags;
7151 CvOUTSIDE(cv) = CvOUTSIDE(compcv);
7152 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(compcv);
7153 CvPADLIST(cv) = CvPADLIST(compcv);
7154 CvOUTSIDE(compcv) = temp_cv;
7155 CvPADLIST(compcv) = temp_padl;
7156 CvSTART(cv) = CvSTART(compcv);
7157 CvSTART(compcv) = cvstart;
7158 CvFLAGS(compcv) &= ~(CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7159 CvFLAGS(compcv) |= other_flags;
7161 if (CvFILE(cv) && CvDYNFILE(cv)) {
7162 Safefree(CvFILE(cv));
7165 /* inner references to compcv must be fixed up ... */
7166 pad_fixup_inner_anons(CvPADLIST(cv), compcv, cv);
7167 if (PERLDB_INTER)/* Advice debugger on the new sub. */
7168 ++PL_sub_generation;
7171 /* Might have had built-in attributes applied -- propagate them. */
7172 CvFLAGS(cv) |= (CvFLAGS(compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS);
7174 /* ... before we throw it away */
7175 SvREFCNT_dec(compcv);
7176 PL_compcv = compcv = cv;
7182 if (!CvNAME_HEK(cv)) {
7185 ? share_hek_hek(hek)
7186 : share_hek(PadnamePV(name)+1,
7187 PadnameLEN(name)-1 * (PadnameUTF8(name) ? -1 : 1),
7191 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7192 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7195 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ps, ps_len);
7196 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7203 /* If we assign an optree to a PVCV, then we've defined a subroutine that
7204 the debugger could be able to set a breakpoint in, so signal to
7205 pp_entereval that it should not throw away any saved lines at scope
7208 PL_breakable_sub_gen++;
7209 /* This makes sub {}; work as expected. */
7210 if (block->op_type == OP_STUB) {
7211 OP* const newblock = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, 0);
7213 op_getmad(block,newblock,'B');
7219 CvROOT(cv) = CvLVALUE(cv)
7220 ? newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0,
7221 op_lvalue(scalarseq(block), OP_LEAVESUBLV))
7222 : newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
7223 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7224 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7225 /* The cv no longer needs to hold a refcount on the slab, as CvROOT
7226 itself has a refcount. */
7228 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok((OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv));
7229 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
7230 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
7231 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
7232 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
7234 /* now that optimizer has done its work, adjust pad values */
7236 pad_tidy(CvCLONE(cv) ? padtidy_SUBCLONE : padtidy_SUB);
7239 assert(!CvCONST(cv));
7240 if (ps && !*ps && op_const_sv(block, cv))
7246 /* Need to do a C<use attributes $stash_of_cv,\&cv,@attrs>. */
7247 apply_attrs(PL_curstash, MUTABLE_SV(cv), attrs);
7251 if (PERLDB_SUBLINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
7252 SV * const tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
7253 GV * const db_postponed = gv_fetchpvs("DB::postponed",
7254 GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
7256 SV * const sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s:%ld-%ld",
7259 (long)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7260 if (HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash)) {
7261 sv_sethek(tmpstr, HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash));
7262 sv_catpvs(tmpstr, "::");
7264 else sv_setpvs(tmpstr, "__ANON__::");
7265 sv_catpvn_flags(tmpstr, PadnamePV(name)+1, PadnameLEN(name)-1,
7266 PadnameUTF8(name) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES);
7267 (void)hv_store(GvHV(PL_DBsub), SvPVX_const(tmpstr),
7268 SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr), sv, 0);
7269 hv = GvHVn(db_postponed);
7270 if (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > 0 && hv_exists(hv, SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr))) {
7271 CV * const pcv = GvCV(db_postponed);
7277 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(pcv), G_DISCARD);
7285 assert(CvDEPTH(outcv));
7287 &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[CvDEPTH(outcv)])[pax];
7288 if (reusable) cv_clone_into(clonee, *spot);
7289 else *spot = cv_clone(clonee);
7290 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(clonee);
7294 if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && !reusable && PadnameIsSTATE(name)) {
7295 PADOFFSET depth = CvDEPTH(outcv);
7298 svspot = &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[depth])[pax];
7300 *svspot = SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv);
7301 SvREFCNT_dec(oldcv);
7307 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
7314 Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
7316 return newATTRSUB_flags(floor, o, proto, attrs, block, 0);
7320 Perl_newATTRSUB_flags(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs,
7321 OP *block, U32 flags)
7326 STRLEN ps_len = 0; /* init it to avoid false uninit warning from icc */
7330 const bool ec = PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count;
7331 /* If the subroutine has no body, no attributes, and no builtin attributes
7332 then it's just a sub declaration, and we may be able to get away with
7333 storing with a placeholder scalar in the symbol table, rather than a
7334 full GV and CV. If anything is present then it will take a full CV to
7336 const I32 gv_fetch_flags
7337 = ec ? GV_NOADD_NOINIT :
7338 (block || attrs || (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7340 ? GV_ADDMULTI : GV_ADDMULTI | GV_NOINIT;
7342 const bool o_is_gv = flags & 1;
7343 const char * const name =
7344 o ? SvPV_const(o_is_gv ? (SV *)o : cSVOPo->op_sv, namlen) : NULL;
7346 bool name_is_utf8 = o && !o_is_gv && SvUTF8(cSVOPo->op_sv);
7347 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7348 OPSLAB *slab = NULL;
7352 assert(proto->op_type == OP_CONST);
7353 ps = SvPV_const(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv, ps_len);
7354 ps_utf8 = SvUTF8(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv);
7364 gv = gv_fetchsv(cSVOPo->op_sv, gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7366 } else if (PERLDB_NAMEANON && CopLINE(PL_curcop)) {
7367 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
7368 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s[%s:%"IVdf"]",
7369 PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__",
7370 CopFILE(PL_curcop), (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7371 gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7373 } else if (PL_curstash) {
7374 gv = gv_fetchpvs("__ANON__", gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7377 gv = gv_fetchpvs("__ANON__::__ANON__", gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7381 if (!PL_madskills) {
7392 if (name) SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7393 else cv = PL_compcv;
7395 if (name && block) {
7396 const char *s = strrchr(name, ':');
7398 if (strEQ(s, "BEGIN")) {
7399 if (PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
7400 Perl_croak_nocontext("BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted");
7402 SV * const errsv = ERRSV;
7403 /* force display of errors found but not reported */
7404 sv_catpvs(errsv, "BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted");
7405 Perl_croak_nocontext("%"SVf, SVfARG(errsv));
7412 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) { /* Maybe prototype now, and had at
7413 maximum a prototype before. */
7414 if (SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL) {
7415 cv_ckproto_len_flags((const CV *)gv,
7416 o ? (const GV *)cSVOPo->op_sv : NULL, ps,
7420 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(gv), ps, ps_len);
7421 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(gv));
7424 sv_setiv(MUTABLE_SV(gv), -1);
7426 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7427 cv = PL_compcv = NULL;
7431 cv = (!name || GvCVGEN(gv)) ? NULL : GvCV(gv);
7433 if (!block || !ps || *ps || attrs
7434 || (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7436 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7441 const_sv = op_const_sv(block, NULL);
7444 const bool exists = CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv);
7446 /* if the subroutine doesn't exist and wasn't pre-declared
7447 * with a prototype, assume it will be AUTOLOADed,
7448 * skipping the prototype check
7450 if (exists || SvPOK(cv))
7451 cv_ckproto_len_flags(cv, gv, ps, ps_len, ps_utf8);
7452 /* already defined (or promised)? */
7453 if (exists || GvASSUMECV(gv)) {
7454 if (S_already_defined(aTHX_ cv, block, o, NULL, &const_sv))
7457 if (attrs) goto attrs;
7458 /* just a "sub foo;" when &foo is already defined */
7459 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
7465 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(const_sv);
7467 assert(!CvROOT(cv) && !CvCONST(cv));
7469 sv_setpvs(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ""); /* prototype is "" */
7470 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = const_sv;
7471 CvXSUB(cv) = const_sv_xsub;
7477 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(
7478 NULL, name, namlen, name_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0,
7485 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7489 if (cv) { /* must reuse cv if autoloaded */
7490 /* transfer PL_compcv to cv */
7493 && block->op_type != OP_NULL
7496 cv_flags_t existing_builtin_attrs = CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS;
7497 PADLIST *const temp_av = CvPADLIST(cv);
7498 CV *const temp_cv = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
7499 const cv_flags_t other_flags =
7500 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7501 OP * const cvstart = CvSTART(cv);
7504 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
7505 assert(CvGV(cv) == gv);
7508 CvFLAGS(cv) = CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) | existing_builtin_attrs;
7509 CvOUTSIDE(cv) = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
7510 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(PL_compcv);
7511 CvPADLIST(cv) = CvPADLIST(PL_compcv);
7512 CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv) = temp_cv;
7513 CvPADLIST(PL_compcv) = temp_av;
7514 CvSTART(cv) = CvSTART(PL_compcv);
7515 CvSTART(PL_compcv) = cvstart;
7516 CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) &= ~(CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7517 CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) |= other_flags;
7519 if (CvFILE(cv) && CvDYNFILE(cv)) {
7520 Safefree(CvFILE(cv));
7522 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7523 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7525 /* inner references to PL_compcv must be fixed up ... */
7526 pad_fixup_inner_anons(CvPADLIST(cv), PL_compcv, cv);
7527 if (PERLDB_INTER)/* Advice debugger on the new sub. */
7528 ++PL_sub_generation;
7531 /* Might have had built-in attributes applied -- propagate them. */
7532 CvFLAGS(cv) |= (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS);
7534 /* ... before we throw it away */
7535 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7543 if (HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7544 /* sub Foo::bar { (shift)+1 } */
7545 gv_method_changed(gv);
7550 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7551 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7555 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ps, ps_len);
7556 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7563 /* If we assign an optree to a PVCV, then we've defined a subroutine that
7564 the debugger could be able to set a breakpoint in, so signal to
7565 pp_entereval that it should not throw away any saved lines at scope
7568 PL_breakable_sub_gen++;
7569 /* This makes sub {}; work as expected. */
7570 if (block->op_type == OP_STUB) {
7571 OP* const newblock = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, 0);
7573 op_getmad(block,newblock,'B');
7579 CvROOT(cv) = CvLVALUE(cv)
7580 ? newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0,
7581 op_lvalue(scalarseq(block), OP_LEAVESUBLV))
7582 : newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
7583 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7584 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7585 /* The cv no longer needs to hold a refcount on the slab, as CvROOT
7586 itself has a refcount. */
7588 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok((OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv));
7589 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7590 slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv);
7592 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
7593 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
7594 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
7595 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
7597 /* now that optimizer has done its work, adjust pad values */
7599 pad_tidy(CvCLONE(cv) ? padtidy_SUBCLONE : padtidy_SUB);
7602 assert(!CvCONST(cv));
7603 if (ps && !*ps && op_const_sv(block, cv))
7609 /* Need to do a C<use attributes $stash_of_cv,\&cv,@attrs>. */
7610 HV *stash = name && GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)) ? GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)) : PL_curstash;
7611 if (!name) SAVEFREESV(cv);
7612 apply_attrs(stash, MUTABLE_SV(cv), attrs);
7613 if (!name) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cv);
7616 if (block && has_name) {
7617 if (PERLDB_SUBLINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
7618 SV * const tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
7619 GV * const db_postponed = gv_fetchpvs("DB::postponed",
7620 GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
7622 SV * const sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s:%ld-%ld",
7625 (long)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7626 gv_efullname3(tmpstr, gv, NULL);
7627 (void)hv_store(GvHV(PL_DBsub), SvPVX_const(tmpstr),
7628 SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr), sv, 0);
7629 hv = GvHVn(db_postponed);
7630 if (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > 0 && hv_exists(hv, SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr))) {
7631 CV * const pcv = GvCV(db_postponed);
7637 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(pcv), G_DISCARD);
7642 if (name && ! (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
7643 process_special_blocks(floor, name, gv, cv);
7648 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
7650 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7651 /* Watch out for BEGIN blocks */
7652 if (slab && gv && isGV(gv) && GvCV(gv)) Slab_to_ro(slab);
7658 S_process_special_blocks(pTHX_ I32 floor, const char *const fullname,
7662 const char *const colon = strrchr(fullname,':');
7663 const char *const name = colon ? colon + 1 : fullname;
7665 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PROCESS_SPECIAL_BLOCKS;
7668 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN")) {
7669 const I32 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
7670 if (floor) LEAVE_SCOPE(floor);
7672 SAVECOPFILE(&PL_compiling);
7673 SAVECOPLINE(&PL_compiling);
7674 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
7676 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7677 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_beginav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7678 GvCV_set(gv,0); /* cv has been hijacked */
7679 call_list(oldscope, PL_beginav);
7681 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
7688 if strEQ(name, "END") {
7689 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7690 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_endav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7693 } else if (*name == 'U') {
7694 if (strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK")) {
7695 /* It's never too late to run a unitcheck block */
7696 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_unitcheckav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7700 } else if (*name == 'C') {
7701 if (strEQ(name, "CHECK")) {
7703 /* diag_listed_as: Too late to run %s block */
7704 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
7705 "Too late to run CHECK block");
7706 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_checkav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7710 } else if (*name == 'I') {
7711 if (strEQ(name, "INIT")) {
7713 /* diag_listed_as: Too late to run %s block */
7714 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
7715 "Too late to run INIT block");
7716 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_initav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7722 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7723 GvCV_set(gv,0); /* cv has been hijacked */
7728 =for apidoc newCONSTSUB
7730 See L</newCONSTSUB_flags>.
7736 Perl_newCONSTSUB(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, SV *sv)
7738 return newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, 0, sv);
7742 =for apidoc newCONSTSUB_flags
7744 Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
7745 eligible for inlining at compile-time.
7747 Currently, the only useful value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
7749 The newly created subroutine takes ownership of a reference to the passed in
7752 Passing NULL for SV creates a constant sub equivalent to C<sub BAR () {}>,
7753 which won't be called if used as a destructor, but will suppress the overhead
7754 of a call to C<AUTOLOAD>. (This form, however, isn't eligible for inlining at
7761 Perl_newCONSTSUB_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
7767 const char *const file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
7769 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
7770 const char *const file = temp_sv ? SvPV_nolen_const(temp_sv) : NULL;
7775 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME) {
7776 /* at runtime, it's not safe to manipulate PL_curcop: it may be
7777 * an op shared between threads. Use a non-shared COP for our
7779 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
7780 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
7781 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
7782 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
7784 SAVECOPLINE(PL_curcop);
7785 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser ? PL_parser->copline : NOLINE);
7788 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
7791 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
7792 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(stash);
7795 /* Protect sv against leakage caused by fatal warnings. */
7796 if (sv) SAVEFREESV(sv);
7798 /* file becomes the CvFILE. For an XS, it's usually static storage,
7799 and so doesn't get free()d. (It's expected to be from the C pre-
7800 processor __FILE__ directive). But we need a dynamically allocated one,
7801 and we need it to get freed. */
7802 cv = newXS_len_flags(name, len, const_sv_xsub, file ? file : "", "",
7803 &sv, XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME | flags);
7804 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
7813 Perl_newXS_flags(pTHX_ const char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr,
7814 const char *const filename, const char *const proto,
7817 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS_FLAGS;
7818 return newXS_len_flags(
7819 name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, subaddr, filename, proto, NULL, flags
7824 Perl_newXS_len_flags(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len,
7825 XSUBADDR_t subaddr, const char *const filename,
7826 const char *const proto, SV **const_svp,
7831 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS_LEN_FLAGS;
7834 GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvn(
7835 name ? name : PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__",
7836 name ? len : PL_curstash ? sizeof("__ANON__") - 1:
7837 sizeof("__ANON__::__ANON__") - 1,
7838 GV_ADDMULTI | flags, SVt_PVCV);
7841 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no address for '%s' in '%s'", name, filename);
7843 if ((cv = (name ? GvCV(gv) : NULL))) {
7845 /* just a cached method */
7849 else if (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv) || GvASSUMECV(gv)) {
7850 /* already defined (or promised) */
7851 /* Redundant check that allows us to avoid creating an SV
7852 most of the time: */
7853 if (CvCONST(cv) || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
7854 report_redefined_cv(newSVpvn_flags(
7855 name,len,(flags&SVf_UTF8)|SVs_TEMP
7859 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cv);
7864 if (cv) /* must reuse cv if autoloaded */
7867 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7871 if (HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7872 gv_method_changed(gv); /* newXS */
7878 (void)gv_fetchfile(filename);
7879 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)filename; /* NOTE: not copied, as it is expected to be
7880 an external constant string */
7881 assert(!CvDYNFILE(cv)); /* cv_undef should have turned it off */
7883 CvXSUB(cv) = subaddr;
7886 process_special_blocks(0, name, gv, cv);
7889 if (flags & XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME) {
7890 CvFILE(cv) = savepv(filename);
7893 sv_setpv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto);
7898 Perl_newSTUB(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool fake)
7900 CV *cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7901 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSTUB;
7905 if (!fake && HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7906 gv_method_changed(gv);
7908 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7909 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7915 =for apidoc U||newXS
7917 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. I<filename> needs to be
7918 static storage, as it is used directly as CvFILE(), without a copy being made.
7924 Perl_newXS(pTHX_ const char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, const char *filename)
7926 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS;
7927 return newXS_len_flags(
7928 name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, subaddr, filename, NULL, NULL, 0
7937 Perl_newFORM(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *block)
7942 OP* pegop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
7947 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
7953 ? gv_fetchsv(cSVOPo->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVFM)
7954 : gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVFM);
7957 if ((cv = GvFORM(gv))) {
7958 if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
7959 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
7960 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
7961 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
7963 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
7964 "Format %"SVf" redefined", SVfARG(cSVOPo->op_sv));
7966 /* diag_listed_as: Format %s redefined */
7967 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
7968 "Format STDOUT redefined");
7970 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
7975 GvFORM(gv) = (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv);
7977 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7980 pad_tidy(padtidy_FORMAT);
7981 CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEWRITE, 0, scalarseq(block));
7982 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7983 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7984 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
7985 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
7986 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
7987 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
7992 op_getmad(o,pegop,'n');
7993 op_getmad_weak(block, pegop, 'b');
7998 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
8006 Perl_newANONLIST(pTHX_ OP *o)
8008 return convert(OP_ANONLIST, OPf_SPECIAL, o);
8012 Perl_newANONHASH(pTHX_ OP *o)
8014 return convert(OP_ANONHASH, OPf_SPECIAL, o);
8018 Perl_newANONSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *proto, OP *block)
8020 return newANONATTRSUB(floor, proto, NULL, block);
8024 Perl_newANONATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
8026 return newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
8027 newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
8028 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, proto, attrs, block))));
8032 Perl_oopsAV(pTHX_ OP *o)
8036 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OOPSAV;
8038 switch (o->op_type) {
8040 o->op_type = OP_PADAV;
8041 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADAV];
8042 return ref(o, OP_RV2AV);
8045 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
8046 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
8051 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "oops: oopsAV");
8058 Perl_oopsHV(pTHX_ OP *o)
8062 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OOPSHV;
8064 switch (o->op_type) {
8067 o->op_type = OP_PADHV;
8068 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADHV];
8069 return ref(o, OP_RV2HV);
8073 o->op_type = OP_RV2HV;
8074 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2HV];
8079 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "oops: oopsHV");
8086 Perl_newAVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8090 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWAVREF;
8092 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8093 o->op_type = OP_PADAV;
8094 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADAV];
8097 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_PADAV)) {
8098 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8099 "Using an array as a reference is deprecated");
8101 return newUNOP(OP_RV2AV, 0, scalar(o));
8105 Perl_newGVREF(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *o)
8107 if (type == OP_MAPSTART || type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_SORT)
8108 return newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o);
8109 return ref(newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, OPf_REF, o), type);
8113 Perl_newHVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8117 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWHVREF;
8119 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8120 o->op_type = OP_PADHV;
8121 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADHV];
8124 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2HV || o->op_type == OP_PADHV)) {
8125 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8126 "Using a hash as a reference is deprecated");
8128 return newUNOP(OP_RV2HV, 0, scalar(o));
8132 Perl_newCVREF(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *o)
8134 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8136 o->op_type = OP_PADCV;
8137 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADCV];
8140 return newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, flags, scalar(o));
8144 Perl_newSVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8148 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVREF;
8150 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8151 o->op_type = OP_PADSV;
8152 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADSV];
8155 return newUNOP(OP_RV2SV, 0, scalar(o));
8158 /* Check routines. See the comments at the top of this file for details
8159 * on when these are called */
8162 Perl_ck_anoncode(pTHX_ OP *o)
8164 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ANONCODE;
8166 cSVOPo->op_targ = pad_add_anon((CV*)cSVOPo->op_sv, o->op_type);
8168 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
8173 Perl_ck_bitop(pTHX_ OP *o)
8177 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_BITOP;
8179 o->op_private = (U8)(PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER);
8180 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* Not an assignment */
8181 && (o->op_type == OP_BIT_OR
8182 || o->op_type == OP_BIT_AND
8183 || o->op_type == OP_BIT_XOR))
8185 const OP * const left = cBINOPo->op_first;
8186 const OP * const right = left->op_sibling;
8187 if ((OP_IS_NUMCOMPARE(left->op_type) &&
8188 (left->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) == 0) ||
8189 (OP_IS_NUMCOMPARE(right->op_type) &&
8190 (right->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) == 0))
8191 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PRECEDENCE),
8192 "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator",
8193 o->op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? '|'
8194 : o->op_type == OP_BIT_AND ? '&' : '^'
8200 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
8201 is_dollar_bracket(pTHX_ const OP * const o)
8204 return o->op_type == OP_RV2SV && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
8205 && (kid = cUNOPx(o)->op_first)
8206 && kid->op_type == OP_GV
8207 && strEQ(GvNAME(cGVOPx_gv(kid)), "[");
8211 Perl_ck_cmp(pTHX_ OP *o)
8213 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_CMP;
8214 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
8215 const OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8218 is_dollar_bracket(aTHX_ kid)
8219 && kid->op_sibling && kid->op_sibling->op_type == OP_CONST
8221 || ( kid->op_type == OP_CONST
8222 && (kid = kid->op_sibling) && is_dollar_bracket(aTHX_ kid))
8224 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
8225 "$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)", OP_DESC(o));
8231 Perl_ck_concat(pTHX_ OP *o)
8233 const OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8235 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_CONCAT;
8236 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
8238 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONCAT && !(kid->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) &&
8239 !(kUNOP->op_first->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
8240 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
8245 Perl_ck_spair(pTHX_ OP *o)
8249 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SPAIR;
8251 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8254 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
8255 o = modkids(ck_fun(o), type);
8256 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8257 newop = kUNOP->op_first->op_sibling;
8259 const OPCODE type = newop->op_type;
8260 if (newop->op_sibling || !(PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR) ||
8261 type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV ||
8262 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV)
8266 op_getmad(kUNOP->op_first,newop,'K');
8268 op_free(kUNOP->op_first);
8270 kUNOP->op_first = newop;
8272 /* transforms OP_REFGEN into OP_SREFGEN, OP_CHOP into OP_SCHOP,
8273 * and OP_CHOMP into OP_SCHOMP */
8274 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[++o->op_type];
8279 Perl_ck_delete(pTHX_ OP *o)
8281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DELETE;
8285 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8286 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8287 switch (kid->op_type) {
8289 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8292 o->op_private |= OPpSLICE;
8295 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8300 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice",
8303 if (kid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
8304 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
8311 Perl_ck_die(pTHX_ OP *o)
8313 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DIE;
8316 if (VMSISH_HUSHED) o->op_private |= OPpHUSH_VMSISH;
8322 Perl_ck_eof(pTHX_ OP *o)
8326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EOF;
8328 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8330 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8332 = newUNOP(o->op_type, OPf_SPECIAL, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv));
8334 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8341 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
8342 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
8343 kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
8349 Perl_ck_eval(pTHX_ OP *o)
8353 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EVAL;
8355 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
8356 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8357 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8360 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
8363 else if (kid->op_type == OP_LINESEQ || kid->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8369 cUNOPo->op_first = 0;
8374 NewOp(1101, enter, 1, LOGOP);
8375 enter->op_type = OP_ENTERTRY;
8376 enter->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERTRY];
8377 enter->op_private = 0;
8379 /* establish postfix order */
8380 enter->op_next = (OP*)enter;
8382 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)enter, (OP*)kid);
8383 o->op_type = OP_LEAVETRY;
8384 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVETRY];
8385 enter->op_other = o;
8386 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8395 const U8 priv = o->op_private;
8401 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTEREVAL, priv <<8, newDEFSVOP());
8402 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8404 o->op_targ = (PADOFFSET)PL_hints;
8405 if (o->op_private & OPpEVAL_BYTES) o->op_targ &= ~HINT_UTF8;
8406 if ((PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH) != 0
8407 && !(o->op_private & OPpEVAL_COPHH) && GvHV(PL_hintgv)) {
8408 /* Store a copy of %^H that pp_entereval can pick up. */
8409 OP *hhop = newSVOP(OP_HINTSEVAL, 0,
8410 MUTABLE_SV(hv_copy_hints_hv(GvHV(PL_hintgv))));
8411 cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling = hhop;
8412 o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_HAS_HH;
8414 if (!(o->op_private & OPpEVAL_BYTES)
8415 && FEATURE_UNIEVAL_IS_ENABLED)
8416 o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_UNICODE;
8421 Perl_ck_exit(pTHX_ OP *o)
8423 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXIT;
8426 HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
8428 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(table, "vmsish_exit", FALSE);
8429 if (svp && *svp && SvTRUE(*svp))
8430 o->op_private |= OPpEXIT_VMSISH;
8432 if (VMSISH_HUSHED) o->op_private |= OPpHUSH_VMSISH;
8438 Perl_ck_exec(pTHX_ OP *o)
8440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXEC;
8442 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
8445 kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
8446 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
8455 Perl_ck_exists(pTHX_ OP *o)
8459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXISTS;
8462 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8463 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8464 if (kid->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
8465 (void) ref(kid, o->op_type);
8466 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV
8467 && !(PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
8468 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a subroutine name",
8470 o->op_private |= OPpEXISTS_SUB;
8472 else if (kid->op_type == OP_AELEM)
8473 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8474 else if (kid->op_type != OP_HELEM)
8475 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine",
8483 Perl_ck_rvconst(pTHX_ OP *o)
8486 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RVCONST;
8490 o->op_private |= (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_REFS);
8491 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
8492 o->op_private &= ~1;
8494 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
8497 SV * const kidsv = kid->op_sv;
8499 /* Is it a constant from cv_const_sv()? */
8500 if (SvROK(kidsv) && SvREADONLY(kidsv)) {
8501 SV * const rsv = SvRV(kidsv);
8502 const svtype type = SvTYPE(rsv);
8503 const char *badtype = NULL;
8505 switch (o->op_type) {
8507 if (type > SVt_PVMG)
8508 badtype = "a SCALAR";
8511 if (type != SVt_PVAV)
8512 badtype = "an ARRAY";
8515 if (type != SVt_PVHV)
8519 if (type != SVt_PVCV)
8524 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Constant is not %s reference", badtype);
8527 if ((o->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) {
8528 const char *badthing;
8529 switch (o->op_type) {
8531 badthing = "a SCALAR";
8534 badthing = "an ARRAY";
8537 badthing = "a HASH";
8545 "Can't use bareword (\"%"SVf"\") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use",
8546 SVfARG(kidsv), badthing);
8549 * This is a little tricky. We only want to add the symbol if we
8550 * didn't add it in the lexer. Otherwise we get duplicate strict
8551 * warnings. But if we didn't add it in the lexer, we must at
8552 * least pretend like we wanted to add it even if it existed before,
8553 * or we get possible typo warnings. OPpCONST_ENTERED says
8554 * whether the lexer already added THIS instance of this symbol.
8556 iscv = (o->op_type == OP_RV2CV) * 2;
8558 gv = gv_fetchsv(kidsv,
8559 iscv | !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_ENTERED),
8562 : o->op_type == OP_RV2SV
8564 : o->op_type == OP_RV2AV
8566 : o->op_type == OP_RV2HV
8569 } while (!gv && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_ENTERED) && !iscv++);
8571 kid->op_type = OP_GV;
8572 SvREFCNT_dec(kid->op_sv);
8574 /* XXX hack: dependence on sizeof(PADOP) <= sizeof(SVOP) */
8575 kPADOP->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_GV, SVs_PADTMP);
8576 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(kPADOP->op_padix));
8578 PAD_SETSV(kPADOP->op_padix, MUTABLE_SV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv)));
8580 kid->op_sv = SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv);
8582 kid->op_private = 0;
8583 kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GV];
8584 /* FAKE globs in the symbol table cause weird bugs (#77810) */
8592 Perl_ck_ftst(pTHX_ OP *o)
8595 const I32 type = o->op_type;
8597 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_FTST;
8599 if (o->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
8602 else if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_STUB) {
8603 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8604 const OPCODE kidtype = kid->op_type;
8606 if (kidtype == OP_CONST && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)
8607 && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
8608 OP * const newop = newGVOP(type, OPf_REF,
8609 gv_fetchsv(kid->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO));
8611 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8617 if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && OP_IS_FILETEST_ACCESS(o->op_type))
8618 o->op_private |= OPpFT_ACCESS;
8619 if (PL_check[kidtype] == Perl_ck_ftst
8620 && kidtype != OP_STAT && kidtype != OP_LSTAT) {
8621 o->op_private |= OPpFT_STACKED;
8622 kid->op_private |= OPpFT_STACKING;
8623 if (kidtype == OP_FTTTY && (
8624 !(kid->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED)
8625 || kid->op_private & OPpFT_AFTER_t
8627 o->op_private |= OPpFT_AFTER_t;
8636 if (type == OP_FTTTY)
8637 o = newGVOP(type, OPf_REF, PL_stdingv);
8639 o = newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8640 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8646 Perl_ck_fun(pTHX_ OP *o)
8649 const int type = o->op_type;
8650 I32 oa = PL_opargs[type] >> OASHIFT;
8652 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_FUN;
8654 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
8655 if ((oa & OA_OPTIONAL) && (oa >> 4) && !((oa >> 4) & OA_OPTIONAL))
8658 return no_fh_allowed(o);
8661 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8662 OP **tokid = &cLISTOPo->op_first;
8663 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
8666 bool seen_optional = FALSE;
8668 if (kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK ||
8669 (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_PUSHMARK))
8671 tokid = &kid->op_sibling;
8672 kid = kid->op_sibling;
8674 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
8675 bool optional = FALSE;
8678 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL) optional = TRUE;
8681 if (optional) o->op_private |= numargs;
8686 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL || (oa & 7) == OA_LIST) {
8687 if (!kid && !seen_optional && PL_opargs[type] & OA_DEFGV)
8688 *tokid = kid = newDEFSVOP();
8689 seen_optional = TRUE;
8694 sibl = kid->op_sibling;
8696 if (!sibl && kid->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8703 /* list seen where single (scalar) arg expected? */
8704 if (numargs == 1 && !(oa >> 4)
8705 && kid->op_type == OP_LIST && type != OP_SCALAR)
8707 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,PL_op_desc[type], 0);
8720 if ((type == OP_PUSH || type == OP_UNSHIFT)
8721 && !kid->op_sibling)
8722 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
8723 "Useless use of %s with no values",
8726 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8727 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8729 OP * const newop = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8730 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVAV) ));
8731 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8732 "Array @%"SVf" missing the @ in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
8733 SVfARG(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv), (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
8735 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8740 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8743 else if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST
8744 && ( !SvROK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))
8745 || SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVAV )
8747 bad_type_pv(numargs, "array", PL_op_desc[type], 0, kid);
8748 /* Defer checks to run-time if we have a scalar arg */
8749 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2AV || kid->op_type == OP_PADAV)
8750 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8754 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8755 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8757 OP * const newop = newHVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8758 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV) ));
8759 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8760 "Hash %%%"SVf" missing the %% in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
8761 SVfARG(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv), (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
8763 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8768 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8771 else if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2HV && kid->op_type != OP_PADHV)
8772 bad_type_pv(numargs, "hash", PL_op_desc[type], 0, kid);
8773 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8777 OP * const newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, kid);
8778 kid->op_sibling = 0;
8779 newop->op_next = newop;
8781 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8786 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV && kid->op_type != OP_RV2GV) {
8787 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8788 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8790 OP * const newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8791 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO));
8792 if (!(o->op_private & 1) && /* if not unop */
8793 kid == cLISTOPo->op_last)
8794 cLISTOPo->op_last = newop;
8796 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8802 else if (kid->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
8803 /* neophyte patrol: open(<FH>), close(<FH>) etc. */
8804 bad_type_pv(numargs, "HANDLE", OP_DESC(o), 0, kid);
8807 I32 flags = OPf_SPECIAL;
8811 /* is this op a FH constructor? */
8812 if (is_handle_constructor(o,numargs)) {
8813 const char *name = NULL;
8816 bool want_dollar = TRUE;
8819 /* Set a flag to tell rv2gv to vivify
8820 * need to "prove" flag does not mean something
8821 * else already - NI-S 1999/05/07
8824 if (kid->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
8826 = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(kid->op_targ);
8827 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
8828 name_utf8 = SvUTF8(namesv);
8830 else if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2SV
8831 && kUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
8833 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(kUNOP->op_first);
8835 len = GvNAMELEN(gv);
8836 name_utf8 = GvNAMEUTF8(gv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
8838 else if (kid->op_type == OP_AELEM
8839 || kid->op_type == OP_HELEM)
8842 OP *op = ((BINOP*)kid)->op_first;
8846 const char * const a =
8847 kid->op_type == OP_AELEM ?
8849 if (((op->op_type == OP_RV2AV) ||
8850 (op->op_type == OP_RV2HV)) &&
8851 (firstop = ((UNOP*)op)->op_first) &&
8852 (firstop->op_type == OP_GV)) {
8853 /* packagevar $a[] or $h{} */
8854 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(firstop);
8862 else if (op->op_type == OP_PADAV
8863 || op->op_type == OP_PADHV) {
8864 /* lexicalvar $a[] or $h{} */
8865 const char * const padname =
8866 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(op->op_targ);
8875 name = SvPV_const(tmpstr, len);
8876 name_utf8 = SvUTF8(tmpstr);
8881 name = "__ANONIO__";
8883 want_dollar = FALSE;
8885 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8889 targ = pad_alloc(OP_RV2GV, SVs_PADTMP);
8890 namesv = PAD_SVl(targ);
8891 SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PV);
8892 if (want_dollar && *name != '$')
8893 sv_setpvs(namesv, "$");
8894 sv_catpvn(namesv, name, len);
8895 if ( name_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(namesv);
8898 kid->op_sibling = 0;
8899 kid = newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, flags, scalar(kid));
8900 kid->op_targ = targ;
8901 kid->op_private |= priv;
8903 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8909 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_POS)
8910 && numargs == 1 && !(oa >> 4)
8911 && kid->op_type == OP_LIST)
8912 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,PL_op_desc[type], 0);
8913 op_lvalue(scalar(kid), type);
8917 tokid = &kid->op_sibling;
8918 kid = kid->op_sibling;
8921 if (kid && kid->op_type != OP_STUB)
8922 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8923 o->op_private |= numargs;
8925 /* FIXME - should the numargs move as for the PERL_MAD case? */
8926 o->op_private |= numargs;
8928 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8932 else if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_DEFGV) {
8934 OP *newop = newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8935 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8938 /* Ordering of these two is important to keep f_map.t passing. */
8940 return newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8945 while (oa & OA_OPTIONAL)
8947 if (oa && oa != OA_LIST)
8948 return too_few_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8954 Perl_ck_glob(pTHX_ OP *o)
8958 const bool core = o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
8960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_GLOB;
8963 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && !cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling)
8964 op_append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newDEFSVOP()); /* glob() => glob($_) */
8966 if (core) gv = NULL;
8967 else if (!((gv = gv_fetchpvs("glob", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV))
8968 && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)))
8970 GV * const * const gvp =
8971 (GV **)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "glob", FALSE);
8972 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
8975 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
8978 * \ null - const(wildcard)
8983 * \ mark - glob - rv2cv
8984 * | \ gv(CORE::GLOBAL::glob)
8986 * \ null - const(wildcard)
8988 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8989 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_GLOB, SVs_PADTMP);
8990 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
8991 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
8992 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, o,
8993 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
8994 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
8995 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o);
8996 o->op_targ = OP_GLOB; /* hint at what it used to be: eg in newWHILEOP */
8999 else o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
9000 #if !defined(PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB)
9003 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
9004 newSVpvs("File::Glob"), NULL, NULL, NULL);
9007 #endif /* !PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB */
9008 gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
9009 gv_init(gv, 0, "", 0, 0);
9011 op_append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv));
9012 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv); /* newGVOP increased it */
9018 Perl_ck_grep(pTHX_ OP *o)
9023 const OPCODE type = o->op_type == OP_GREPSTART ? OP_GREPWHILE : OP_MAPWHILE;
9026 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_GREP;
9028 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GREPSTART];
9029 /* don't allocate gwop here, as we may leak it if PL_parser->error_count > 0 */
9031 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
9032 kid = cUNOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
9033 if (kid->op_type != OP_SCOPE && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVE)
9034 return no_fh_allowed(o);
9035 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_STACKED;
9037 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9038 if (type == OP_MAPWHILE)
9043 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
9045 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9046 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL)
9047 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_grep, type=%u", (unsigned) kid->op_type);
9048 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
9050 NewOp(1101, gwop, 1, LOGOP);
9051 gwop->op_type = type;
9052 gwop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
9054 gwop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
9055 gwop->op_other = LINKLIST(kid);
9056 kid->op_next = (OP*)gwop;
9057 offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
9058 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
9059 o->op_private = gwop->op_private = 0;
9060 gwop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
9063 o->op_private = gwop->op_private = OPpGREP_LEX;
9064 gwop->op_targ = o->op_targ = offset;
9067 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9068 for (kid = kid->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
9069 op_lvalue(kid, OP_GREPSTART);
9075 Perl_ck_index(pTHX_ OP *o)
9077 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_INDEX;
9079 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9080 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9082 kid = kid->op_sibling; /* get past "big" */
9083 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
9084 const bool save_taint = TAINT_get; /* accepted unused var warning if NO_TAINT_SUPPORT */
9085 fbm_compile(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, 0);
9086 TAINT_set(save_taint);
9093 Perl_ck_lfun(pTHX_ OP *o)
9095 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
9097 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LFUN;
9099 return modkids(ck_fun(o), type);
9103 Perl_ck_defined(pTHX_ OP *o) /* 19990527 MJD */
9105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DEFINED;
9107 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9108 switch (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type) {
9111 case OP_AASSIGN: /* Is this a good idea? */
9112 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9113 "defined(@array) is deprecated");
9114 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9115 "\t(Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)\n");
9119 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9120 "defined(%%hash) is deprecated");
9121 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9122 "\t(Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)\n");
9133 Perl_ck_readline(pTHX_ OP *o)
9135 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_READLINE;
9137 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9138 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9139 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV) kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
9143 = newUNOP(OP_READLINE, 0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv));
9145 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9155 Perl_ck_rfun(pTHX_ OP *o)
9157 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
9159 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RFUN;
9161 return refkids(ck_fun(o), type);
9165 Perl_ck_listiob(pTHX_ OP *o)
9169 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LISTIOB;
9171 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9174 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9176 if (kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
9177 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9178 if (kid && o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9179 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9180 else if (kid && !kid->op_sibling) { /* print HANDLE; */
9181 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE
9182 && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
9183 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED; /* make it a filehandle */
9184 kid = newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, OPf_REF, scalar(kid));
9185 cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling = kid;
9186 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid;
9187 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9192 op_append_elem(o->op_type, o, newDEFSVOP());
9194 if (o->op_type == OP_PRTF) return modkids(listkids(o), OP_PRTF);
9199 Perl_ck_smartmatch(pTHX_ OP *o)
9202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SMARTMATCH;
9203 if (0 == (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
9204 OP *first = cBINOPo->op_first;
9205 OP *second = first->op_sibling;
9207 /* Implicitly take a reference to an array or hash */
9208 first->op_sibling = NULL;
9209 first = cBINOPo->op_first = ref_array_or_hash(first);
9210 second = first->op_sibling = ref_array_or_hash(second);
9212 /* Implicitly take a reference to a regular expression */
9213 if (first->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9214 first->op_type = OP_QR;
9215 first->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_QR];
9217 if (second->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9218 second->op_type = OP_QR;
9219 second->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_QR];
9228 Perl_ck_sassign(pTHX_ OP *o)
9231 OP * const kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9233 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SASSIGN;
9235 /* has a disposable target? */
9236 if ((PL_opargs[kid->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
9237 && !(kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9238 /* Cannot steal the second time! */
9239 && !(kid->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
9240 /* Keep the full thing for madskills */
9244 OP * const kkid = kid->op_sibling;
9246 /* Can just relocate the target. */
9247 if (kkid && kkid->op_type == OP_PADSV
9248 && !(kkid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
9250 kid->op_targ = kkid->op_targ;
9252 /* Now we do not need PADSV and SASSIGN. */
9253 kid->op_sibling = o->op_sibling; /* NULL */
9254 cLISTOPo->op_first = NULL;
9257 kid->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY; /* Used for context settings */
9261 if (kid->op_sibling) {
9262 OP *kkid = kid->op_sibling;
9263 /* For state variable assignment, kkid is a list op whose op_last
9265 if ((kkid->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
9266 (kkid->op_type == OP_LIST &&
9267 (kkid = cLISTOPx(kkid)->op_last)->op_type == OP_PADSV
9270 && (kkid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
9271 && SvPAD_STATE(*av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, kkid->op_targ, FALSE))) {
9272 const PADOFFSET target = kkid->op_targ;
9273 OP *const other = newOP(OP_PADSV,
9275 | ((kkid->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO) << 8));
9276 OP *const first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
9277 OP *const nullop = newCONDOP(0, first, o, other);
9278 OP *const condop = first->op_next;
9279 /* hijacking PADSTALE for uninitialized state variables */
9280 SvPADSTALE_on(PAD_SVl(target));
9282 condop->op_type = OP_ONCE;
9283 condop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ONCE];
9284 condop->op_targ = target;
9285 other->op_targ = target;
9287 /* Because we change the type of the op here, we will skip the
9288 assignment binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling; at the
9289 end of Perl_newBINOP(). So need to do it here. */
9290 cBINOPo->op_last = cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9299 Perl_ck_match(pTHX_ OP *o)
9303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_MATCH;
9305 if (o->op_type != OP_QR && PL_compcv) {
9306 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
9307 if (offset != NOT_IN_PAD && !(PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset))) {
9308 o->op_targ = offset;
9309 o->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY;
9312 if (o->op_type == OP_MATCH || o->op_type == OP_QR)
9313 o->op_private |= OPpRUNTIME;
9318 Perl_ck_method(pTHX_ OP *o)
9320 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
9322 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_METHOD;
9324 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
9325 SV* sv = kSVOP->op_sv;
9326 const char * const method = SvPVX_const(sv);
9327 if (!(strchr(method, ':') || strchr(method, '\''))) {
9330 sv = newSVpvn_share(method, SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)SvCUR(sv) : (I32)SvCUR(sv), 0);
9333 kSVOP->op_sv = NULL;
9335 cmop = newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, sv);
9337 op_getmad(o,cmop,'O');
9348 Perl_ck_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
9350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_NULL;
9351 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
9356 Perl_ck_open(pTHX_ OP *o)
9359 HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
9361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_OPEN;
9364 SV **svp = hv_fetchs(table, "open_IN", FALSE);
9367 const char *d = SvPV_const(*svp, len);
9368 const I32 mode = mode_from_discipline(d, len);
9369 if (mode & O_BINARY)
9370 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_IN_RAW;
9371 else if (mode & O_TEXT)
9372 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF;
9375 svp = hv_fetchs(table, "open_OUT", FALSE);
9378 const char *d = SvPV_const(*svp, len);
9379 const I32 mode = mode_from_discipline(d, len);
9380 if (mode & O_BINARY)
9381 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW;
9382 else if (mode & O_TEXT)
9383 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF;
9386 if (o->op_type == OP_BACKTICK) {
9387 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9388 OP * const newop = newUNOP(OP_BACKTICK, 0, newDEFSVOP());
9390 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9399 /* In case of three-arg dup open remove strictness
9400 * from the last arg if it is a bareword. */
9401 OP * const first = cLISTOPx(o)->op_first; /* The pushmark. */
9402 OP * const last = cLISTOPx(o)->op_last; /* The bareword. */
9406 if ((last->op_type == OP_CONST) && /* The bareword. */
9407 (last->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE) &&
9408 (last->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) &&
9409 (oa = first->op_sibling) && /* The fh. */
9410 (oa = oa->op_sibling) && /* The mode. */
9411 (oa->op_type == OP_CONST) &&
9412 SvPOK(((SVOP*)oa)->op_sv) &&
9413 (mode = SvPVX_const(((SVOP*)oa)->op_sv)) &&
9414 mode[0] == '>' && mode[1] == '&' && /* A dup open. */
9415 (last == oa->op_sibling)) /* The bareword. */
9416 last->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
9422 Perl_ck_repeat(pTHX_ OP *o)
9424 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_REPEAT;
9426 if (cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
9427 o->op_private |= OPpREPEAT_DOLIST;
9428 cBINOPo->op_first = force_list(cBINOPo->op_first);
9436 Perl_ck_require(pTHX_ OP *o)
9441 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_REQUIRE;
9443 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) { /* Shall we supply missing .pm? */
9444 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
9446 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) {
9447 SV * const sv = kid->op_sv;
9448 U32 was_readonly = SvREADONLY(sv);
9456 if (SvIsCOW(sv)) sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
9461 for (; s < end; s++) {
9462 if (*s == ':' && s[1] == ':') {
9464 Move(s+2, s+1, end - s - 1, char);
9469 sv_catpvs(sv, ".pm");
9470 SvFLAGS(sv) |= was_readonly;
9474 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) { /* Wasn't written as CORE::require */
9475 /* handle override, if any */
9476 gv = gv_fetchpvs("require", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
9477 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
9478 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "require", FALSE);
9479 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
9483 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
9485 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9486 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
9487 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
9495 newop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
9496 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, kid,
9497 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
9500 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9504 return scalar(ck_fun(o));
9508 Perl_ck_return(pTHX_ OP *o)
9513 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RETURN;
9515 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9516 if (CvLVALUE(PL_compcv)) {
9517 for (; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
9518 op_lvalue(kid, OP_LEAVESUBLV);
9525 Perl_ck_select(pTHX_ OP *o)
9530 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SELECT;
9532 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9533 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9534 if (kid && kid->op_sibling) {
9535 o->op_type = OP_SSELECT;
9536 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SSELECT];
9538 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
9542 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9543 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
9544 kid->op_private &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
9549 Perl_ck_shift(pTHX_ OP *o)
9552 const I32 type = o->op_type;
9554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SHIFT;
9556 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9559 if (!CvUNIQUE(PL_compcv)) {
9560 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9564 argop = newUNOP(OP_RV2AV, 0, scalar(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv)));
9567 OP * const oldo = o;
9568 o = newUNOP(type, 0, scalar(argop));
9569 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
9574 return newUNOP(type, 0, scalar(argop));
9577 return scalar(ck_fun(o));
9581 Perl_ck_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
9585 HV * const hinthv = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
9587 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SORT;
9590 SV ** const svp = hv_fetchs(hinthv, "sort", FALSE);
9592 const I32 sorthints = (I32)SvIV(*svp);
9593 if ((sorthints & HINT_SORT_QUICKSORT) != 0)
9594 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_QSORT;
9595 if ((sorthints & HINT_SORT_STABLE) != 0)
9596 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_STABLE;
9600 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9602 firstkid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9603 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) { /* may have been cleared */
9604 OP *kid = cUNOPx(firstkid)->op_first; /* get past null */
9606 if (kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE || kid->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
9608 if (kid->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
9609 op_null(kid); /* wipe out leave */
9610 /* Prevent execution from escaping out of the sort block. */
9613 /* provide scalar context for comparison function/block */
9614 kid = scalar(firstkid);
9616 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9619 firstkid = firstkid->op_sibling;
9622 /* provide list context for arguments */
9629 S_simplify_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
9632 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9639 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SIMPLIFY_SORT;
9641 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
9643 GvMULTI_on(gv_fetchpvs("a", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV));
9644 GvMULTI_on(gv_fetchpvs("b", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV));
9645 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past null */
9646 if (!(have_scopeop = kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE)
9647 && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVE)
9649 kid = kLISTOP->op_last; /* get past scope */
9650 switch(kid->op_type) {
9654 if (!have_scopeop) goto padkids;
9659 k = kid; /* remember this node*/
9660 if (kBINOP->op_first->op_type != OP_RV2SV
9661 || kBINOP->op_last ->op_type != OP_RV2SV)
9664 Warn about my($a) or my($b) in a sort block, *if* $a or $b is
9665 then used in a comparison. This catches most, but not
9666 all cases. For instance, it catches
9667 sort { my($a); $a <=> $b }
9669 sort { my($a); $a < $b ? -1 : $a == $b ? 0 : 1; }
9670 (although why you'd do that is anyone's guess).
9674 if (!ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) return;
9675 kid = kBINOP->op_first;
9677 if (kid->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
9678 SV * const name = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name)[kid->op_targ];
9679 if (SvCUR(name) == 2 && *SvPVX(name) == '$'
9680 && (SvPVX(name)[1] == 'a' || SvPVX(name)[1] == 'b'))
9681 /* diag_listed_as: "my %s" used in sort comparison */
9682 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
9683 "\"%s %s\" used in sort comparison",
9684 SvPAD_STATE(name) ? "state" : "my",
9687 } while ((kid = kid->op_sibling));
9690 kid = kBINOP->op_first; /* get past cmp */
9691 if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
9693 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past rv2sv */
9695 if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash)
9697 gvname = GvNAME(gv);
9698 if (*gvname == 'a' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9700 else if (*gvname == 'b' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9705 kid = k; /* back to cmp */
9706 /* already checked above that it is rv2sv */
9707 kid = kBINOP->op_last; /* down to 2nd arg */
9708 if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
9710 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past rv2sv */
9712 if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash)
9714 gvname = GvNAME(gv);
9716 ? !(*gvname == 'a' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9717 : !(*gvname == 'b' && gvname[1] == '\0'))
9719 o->op_flags &= ~(OPf_STACKED | OPf_SPECIAL);
9721 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_DESCEND;
9722 if (k->op_type == OP_NCMP)
9723 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_NUMERIC;
9724 if (k->op_type == OP_I_NCMP)
9725 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER;
9726 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9727 cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling = kid->op_sibling; /* bypass old block */
9729 op_getmad(kid,o,'S'); /* then delete it */
9731 op_free(kid); /* then delete it */
9736 Perl_ck_split(pTHX_ OP *o)
9741 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SPLIT;
9743 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9744 return no_fh_allowed(o);
9746 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9747 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL)
9748 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_split, type=%u", (unsigned) kid->op_type);
9749 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9750 op_free(cLISTOPo->op_first);
9752 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid;
9754 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(" "));
9755 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid; /* There was only one element previously */
9758 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
9759 SV * const sv = kSVOP->op_sv;
9760 if (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv) == 1 && *SvPVX(sv) == ' ')
9761 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9763 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH || kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
9764 OP * const sibl = kid->op_sibling;
9765 kid->op_sibling = 0;
9766 kid = pmruntime( newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), kid, 0, 0);
9767 if (cLISTOPo->op_first == cLISTOPo->op_last)
9768 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid;
9769 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid;
9770 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
9773 kid->op_type = OP_PUSHRE;
9774 kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PUSHRE];
9776 if (((PMOP *)kid)->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL) {
9777 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP),
9778 "Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split");
9781 if (!kid->op_sibling)
9782 op_append_elem(OP_SPLIT, o, newDEFSVOP());
9784 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9787 if (!kid->op_sibling)
9788 op_append_elem(OP_SPLIT, o, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)));
9789 assert(kid->op_sibling);
9791 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9794 if (kid->op_sibling)
9795 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
9801 Perl_ck_join(pTHX_ OP *o)
9803 const OP * const kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9805 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_JOIN;
9807 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9808 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
9809 const REGEXP *re = PM_GETRE(kPMOP);
9811 ? newSVpvn_flags( RX_PRECOMP_const(re), RX_PRELEN(re),
9812 SVs_TEMP | ( RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ) )
9813 : newSVpvs_flags( "STRING", SVs_TEMP );
9814 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
9815 "/%"SVf"/ should probably be written as \"%"SVf"\"",
9816 SVfARG(msg), SVfARG(msg));
9823 =for apidoc Am|CV *|rv2cv_op_cv|OP *cvop|U32 flags
9825 Examines an op, which is expected to identify a subroutine at runtime,
9826 and attempts to determine at compile time which subroutine it identifies.
9827 This is normally used during Perl compilation to determine whether
9828 a prototype can be applied to a function call. I<cvop> is the op
9829 being considered, normally an C<rv2cv> op. A pointer to the identified
9830 subroutine is returned, if it could be determined statically, and a null
9831 pointer is returned if it was not possible to determine statically.
9833 Currently, the subroutine can be identified statically if the RV that the
9834 C<rv2cv> is to operate on is provided by a suitable C<gv> or C<const> op.
9835 A C<gv> op is suitable if the GV's CV slot is populated. A C<const> op is
9836 suitable if the constant value must be an RV pointing to a CV. Details of
9837 this process may change in future versions of Perl. If the C<rv2cv> op
9838 has the C<OPpENTERSUB_AMPER> flag set then no attempt is made to identify
9839 the subroutine statically: this flag is used to suppress compile-time
9840 magic on a subroutine call, forcing it to use default runtime behaviour.
9842 If I<flags> has the bit C<RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY> set, then the handling
9843 of a GV reference is modified. If a GV was examined and its CV slot was
9844 found to be empty, then the C<gv> op has the C<OPpEARLY_CV> flag set.
9845 If the op is not optimised away, and the CV slot is later populated with
9846 a subroutine having a prototype, that flag eventually triggers the warning
9847 "called too early to check prototype".
9849 If I<flags> has the bit C<RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV> set, then instead
9850 of returning a pointer to the subroutine it returns a pointer to the
9851 GV giving the most appropriate name for the subroutine in this context.
9852 Normally this is just the C<CvGV> of the subroutine, but for an anonymous
9853 (C<CvANON>) subroutine that is referenced through a GV it will be the
9854 referencing GV. The resulting C<GV*> is cast to C<CV*> to be returned.
9855 A null pointer is returned as usual if there is no statically-determinable
9862 Perl_rv2cv_op_cv(pTHX_ OP *cvop, U32 flags)
9867 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RV2CV_OP_CV;
9868 if (flags & ~(RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY|RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV))
9869 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: rv2cv_op_cv bad flags %x", (unsigned)flags);
9870 if (cvop->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
9872 if (cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER)
9874 if (!(cvop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
9876 rvop = cUNOPx(cvop)->op_first;
9877 switch (rvop->op_type) {
9879 gv = cGVOPx_gv(rvop);
9882 if (flags & RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY)
9883 rvop->op_private |= OPpEARLY_CV;
9888 SV *rv = cSVOPx_sv(rvop);
9895 PADNAME *name = PAD_COMPNAME(rvop->op_targ);
9896 CV *compcv = PL_compcv;
9897 PADOFFSET off = rvop->op_targ;
9898 while (PadnameOUTER(name)) {
9899 assert(PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name));
9900 compcv = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
9901 name = PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(compcv))
9902 [off = PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name)];
9904 assert(!PadnameIsOUR(name));
9905 if (!PadnameIsSTATE(name)) {
9906 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
9909 cv = (CV *)mg->mg_obj;
9912 (CV *)AvARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(compcv))[1])[off];
9919 if (SvTYPE((SV*)cv) != SVt_PVCV)
9921 if (flags & RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV) {
9922 if (!CvANON(cv) || !gv)
9931 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_list|OP *entersubop
9933 Performs the default fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub>
9934 op tree. This consists of applying list context to each of the
9935 argument ops. This is the standard treatment used on a call marked
9936 with C<&>, or a method call, or a call through a subroutine reference,
9937 or any other call where the callee can't be identified at compile time,
9938 or a call where the callee has no prototype.
9944 Perl_ck_entersub_args_list(pTHX_ OP *entersubop)
9947 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_LIST;
9948 aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
9949 if (!aop->op_sibling)
9950 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
9951 for (aop = aop->op_sibling; aop->op_sibling; aop = aop->op_sibling) {
9952 if (!(PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_STUB)) {
9954 op_lvalue(aop, OP_ENTERSUB);
9961 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_proto|OP *entersubop|GV *namegv|SV *protosv
9963 Performs the fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub> op tree
9964 based on a subroutine prototype. This makes various modifications to
9965 the argument ops, from applying context up to inserting C<refgen> ops,
9966 and checking the number and syntactic types of arguments, as directed by
9967 the prototype. This is the standard treatment used on a subroutine call,
9968 not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified at compile time
9969 and has a prototype.
9971 I<protosv> supplies the subroutine prototype to be applied to the call.
9972 It may be a normal defined scalar, of which the string value will be used.
9973 Alternatively, for convenience, it may be a subroutine object (a C<CV*>
9974 that has been cast to C<SV*>) which has a prototype. The prototype
9975 supplied, in whichever form, does not need to match the actual callee
9976 referenced by the op tree.
9978 If the argument ops disagree with the prototype, for example by having
9979 an unacceptable number of arguments, a valid op tree is returned anyway.
9980 The error is reflected in the parser state, normally resulting in a single
9981 exception at the top level of parsing which covers all the compilation
9982 errors that occurred. In the error message, the callee is referred to
9983 by the name defined by the I<namegv> parameter.
9989 Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto(pTHX_ OP *entersubop, GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
9992 const char *proto, *proto_end;
9993 OP *aop, *prev, *cvop;
9996 I32 contextclass = 0;
9997 const char *e = NULL;
9998 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_PROTO;
9999 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? !SvPOK(protosv) : !SvOK(protosv))
10000 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_entersub_args_proto CV with no proto, "
10001 "flags=%lx", (unsigned long) SvFLAGS(protosv));
10002 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV)
10003 proto = CvPROTO(protosv), proto_len = CvPROTOLEN(protosv);
10004 else proto = SvPV(protosv, proto_len);
10005 proto_end = proto + proto_len;
10006 aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
10007 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10008 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10010 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10011 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10012 while (aop != cvop) {
10014 if (PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_STUB) {
10015 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10018 if (PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_NULL)
10019 o3 = ((UNOP*)aop)->op_first;
10023 if (proto >= proto_end)
10024 return too_many_arguments_sv(entersubop, gv_ename(namegv), 0);
10032 /* _ must be at the end */
10033 if (proto[1] && !strchr(";@%", proto[1]))
10048 if (o3->op_type != OP_REFGEN && o3->op_type != OP_UNDEF)
10050 arg == 1 ? "block or sub {}" : "sub {}",
10051 gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10054 /* '*' allows any scalar type, including bareword */
10057 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
10058 goto wrapref; /* autoconvert GLOB -> GLOBref */
10059 else if (o3->op_type == OP_CONST)
10060 o3->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10061 else if (o3->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
10062 /* accidental subroutine, revert to bareword */
10063 OP *gvop = ((UNOP*)o3)->op_first;
10064 if (gvop && gvop->op_type == OP_NULL) {
10065 gvop = ((UNOP*)gvop)->op_first;
10067 for (; gvop->op_sibling; gvop = gvop->op_sibling)
10070 (gvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN) &&
10071 (gvop = ((UNOP*)gvop)->op_first) &&
10072 gvop->op_type == OP_GV)
10074 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(gvop);
10075 OP * const sibling = aop->op_sibling;
10076 SV * const n = newSVpvs("");
10078 OP * const oldaop = aop;
10082 gv_fullname4(n, gv, "", FALSE);
10083 aop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, n);
10084 op_getmad(oldaop,aop,'O');
10085 prev->op_sibling = aop;
10086 aop->op_sibling = sibling;
10096 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
10097 o3->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
10098 o3->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
10099 o3->op_type == OP_PADHV
10105 case '[': case ']':
10112 switch (*proto++) {
10114 if (contextclass++ == 0) {
10115 e = strchr(proto, ']');
10116 if (!e || e == proto)
10124 if (contextclass) {
10125 const char *p = proto;
10126 const char *const end = proto;
10128 while (*--p != '[')
10129 /* \[$] accepts any scalar lvalue */
10131 && Perl_op_lvalue_flags(aTHX_
10133 OP_READ, /* not entersub */
10136 bad_type_sv(arg, Perl_form(aTHX_ "one of %.*s",
10137 (int)(end - p), p),
10138 gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10143 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
10146 bad_type_sv(arg, "symbol", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10149 if (o3->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB)
10152 bad_type_sv(arg, "subroutine entry", gv_ename(namegv), 0,
10156 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
10157 o3->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
10158 o3->op_type == OP_HELEM ||
10159 o3->op_type == OP_AELEM)
10161 if (!contextclass) {
10162 /* \$ accepts any scalar lvalue */
10163 if (Perl_op_lvalue_flags(aTHX_
10165 OP_READ, /* not entersub */
10168 bad_type_sv(arg, "scalar", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10172 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
10173 o3->op_type == OP_PADAV)
10176 bad_type_sv(arg, "array", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10179 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
10180 o3->op_type == OP_PADHV)
10183 bad_type_sv(arg, "hash", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10187 OP* const kid = aop;
10188 OP* const sib = kid->op_sibling;
10189 kid->op_sibling = 0;
10190 aop = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, kid);
10191 aop->op_sibling = sib;
10192 prev->op_sibling = aop;
10194 if (contextclass && e) {
10199 default: goto oops;
10209 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
10210 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, namegv, NULL);
10211 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed prototype for %"SVf": %"SVf,
10212 SVfARG(tmpsv), SVfARG(protosv));
10216 op_lvalue(aop, OP_ENTERSUB);
10218 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10220 if (aop == cvop && *proto == '_') {
10221 /* generate an access to $_ */
10222 aop = newDEFSVOP();
10223 aop->op_sibling = prev->op_sibling;
10224 prev->op_sibling = aop; /* instead of cvop */
10226 if (!optional && proto_end > proto &&
10227 (*proto != '@' && *proto != '%' && *proto != ';' && *proto != '_'))
10228 return too_few_arguments_sv(entersubop, gv_ename(namegv), 0);
10233 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list|OP *entersubop|GV *namegv|SV *protosv
10235 Performs the fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub> op tree either
10236 based on a subroutine prototype or using default list-context processing.
10237 This is the standard treatment used on a subroutine call, not marked
10238 with C<&>, where the callee can be identified at compile time.
10240 I<protosv> supplies the subroutine prototype to be applied to the call,
10241 or indicates that there is no prototype. It may be a normal scalar,
10242 in which case if it is defined then the string value will be used
10243 as a prototype, and if it is undefined then there is no prototype.
10244 Alternatively, for convenience, it may be a subroutine object (a C<CV*>
10245 that has been cast to C<SV*>), of which the prototype will be used if it
10246 has one. The prototype (or lack thereof) supplied, in whichever form,
10247 does not need to match the actual callee referenced by the op tree.
10249 If the argument ops disagree with the prototype, for example by having
10250 an unacceptable number of arguments, a valid op tree is returned anyway.
10251 The error is reflected in the parser state, normally resulting in a single
10252 exception at the top level of parsing which covers all the compilation
10253 errors that occurred. In the error message, the callee is referred to
10254 by the name defined by the I<namegv> parameter.
10260 Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list(pTHX_ OP *entersubop,
10261 GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
10263 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_PROTO_OR_LIST;
10264 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? SvPOK(protosv) : SvOK(protosv))
10265 return ck_entersub_args_proto(entersubop, namegv, protosv);
10267 return ck_entersub_args_list(entersubop);
10271 Perl_ck_entersub_args_core(pTHX_ OP *entersubop, GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
10273 int opnum = SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? 0 : (int)SvUV(protosv);
10274 OP *aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
10276 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_CORE;
10280 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10281 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10282 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10283 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10284 if (PL_madskills) while (aop != cvop && aop->op_type == OP_STUB) {
10285 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10288 (void)too_many_arguments_pv(entersubop, GvNAME(namegv), 0);
10290 op_free(entersubop);
10291 switch(GvNAME(namegv)[2]) {
10292 case 'F': return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
10293 newSVpv(CopFILE(PL_curcop),0));
10294 case 'L': return newSVOP(
10296 Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
10297 "%"IVdf, (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop)
10300 case 'P': return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
10302 ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash))
10313 bool seenarg = FALSE;
10315 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10316 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10319 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10320 prev->op_sibling = NULL;
10323 prev=cvop, cvop = cvop->op_sibling)
10325 if (PL_madskills && cvop->op_sibling
10326 && cvop->op_type != OP_STUB) seenarg = TRUE
10329 prev->op_sibling = NULL;
10330 flags = OPf_SPECIAL * !(cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN);
10332 if (aop == cvop) aop = NULL;
10333 op_free(entersubop);
10335 if (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL
10336 && GvNAMELEN(namegv)==9 && strnEQ(GvNAME(namegv), "evalbytes", 9))
10337 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES <<8;
10339 switch (PL_opargs[opnum] & OA_CLASS_MASK) {
10341 case OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP:
10342 case OA_FILESTATOP:
10343 return aop ? newUNOP(opnum,flags,aop) : newOP(opnum,flags);
10347 if (!PL_madskills || seenarg)
10349 (void)too_many_arguments_pv(aop, GvNAME(namegv), 0);
10352 return opnum == OP_RUNCV
10353 ? newPVOP(OP_RUNCV,0,NULL)
10356 return convert(opnum,0,aop);
10364 =for apidoc Am|void|cv_get_call_checker|CV *cv|Perl_call_checker *ckfun_p|SV **ckobj_p
10366 Retrieves the function that will be used to fix up a call to I<cv>.
10367 Specifically, the function is applied to an C<entersub> op tree for a
10368 subroutine call, not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified
10369 at compile time as I<cv>.
10371 The C-level function pointer is returned in I<*ckfun_p>, and an SV
10372 argument for it is returned in I<*ckobj_p>. The function is intended
10373 to be called in this manner:
10375 entersubop = (*ckfun_p)(aTHX_ entersubop, namegv, (*ckobj_p));
10377 In this call, I<entersubop> is a pointer to the C<entersub> op,
10378 which may be replaced by the check function, and I<namegv> is a GV
10379 supplying the name that should be used by the check function to refer
10380 to the callee of the C<entersub> op if it needs to emit any diagnostics.
10381 It is permitted to apply the check function in non-standard situations,
10382 such as to a call to a different subroutine or to a method call.
10384 By default, the function is
10385 L<Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list|/ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list>,
10386 and the SV parameter is I<cv> itself. This implements standard
10387 prototype processing. It can be changed, for a particular subroutine,
10388 by L</cv_set_call_checker>.
10394 Perl_cv_get_call_checker(pTHX_ CV *cv, Perl_call_checker *ckfun_p, SV **ckobj_p)
10397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_GET_CALL_CHECKER;
10398 callmg = SvMAGICAL((SV*)cv) ? mg_find((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall) : NULL;
10400 *ckfun_p = DPTR2FPTR(Perl_call_checker, callmg->mg_ptr);
10401 *ckobj_p = callmg->mg_obj;
10403 *ckfun_p = Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list;
10404 *ckobj_p = (SV*)cv;
10409 =for apidoc Am|void|cv_set_call_checker|CV *cv|Perl_call_checker ckfun|SV *ckobj
10411 Sets the function that will be used to fix up a call to I<cv>.
10412 Specifically, the function is applied to an C<entersub> op tree for a
10413 subroutine call, not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified
10414 at compile time as I<cv>.
10416 The C-level function pointer is supplied in I<ckfun>, and an SV argument
10417 for it is supplied in I<ckobj>. The function is intended to be called
10420 entersubop = ckfun(aTHX_ entersubop, namegv, ckobj);
10422 In this call, I<entersubop> is a pointer to the C<entersub> op,
10423 which may be replaced by the check function, and I<namegv> is a GV
10424 supplying the name that should be used by the check function to refer
10425 to the callee of the C<entersub> op if it needs to emit any diagnostics.
10426 It is permitted to apply the check function in non-standard situations,
10427 such as to a call to a different subroutine or to a method call.
10429 The current setting for a particular CV can be retrieved by
10430 L</cv_get_call_checker>.
10436 Perl_cv_set_call_checker(pTHX_ CV *cv, Perl_call_checker ckfun, SV *ckobj)
10438 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_SET_CALL_CHECKER;
10439 if (ckfun == Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list && ckobj == (SV*)cv) {
10440 if (SvMAGICAL((SV*)cv))
10441 mg_free_type((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall);
10444 sv_magic((SV*)cv, &PL_sv_undef, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall, NULL, 0);
10445 callmg = mg_find((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall);
10446 if (callmg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED) {
10447 SvREFCNT_dec(callmg->mg_obj);
10448 callmg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_REFCOUNTED;
10450 callmg->mg_ptr = FPTR2DPTR(char *, ckfun);
10451 callmg->mg_obj = ckobj;
10452 if (ckobj != (SV*)cv) {
10453 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(ckobj);
10454 callmg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
10456 callmg->mg_flags |= MGf_COPY;
10461 Perl_ck_subr(pTHX_ OP *o)
10467 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SUBR;
10469 aop = cUNOPx(o)->op_first;
10470 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10471 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10472 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10473 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10474 cv = rv2cv_op_cv(cvop, RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY);
10475 namegv = cv ? (GV*)rv2cv_op_cv(cvop, RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV) : NULL;
10477 o->op_private &= ~1;
10478 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_HASTARG;
10479 o->op_private |= (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_REFS);
10480 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
10481 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
10482 if (cvop->op_type == OP_RV2CV) {
10483 o->op_private |= (cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER);
10485 } else if (cvop->op_type == OP_METHOD || cvop->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED) {
10486 if (aop->op_type == OP_CONST)
10487 aop->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10488 else if (aop->op_type == OP_LIST) {
10489 OP * const sib = ((UNOP*)aop)->op_first->op_sibling;
10490 if (sib && sib->op_type == OP_CONST)
10491 sib->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10496 return ck_entersub_args_list(o);
10498 Perl_call_checker ckfun;
10500 cv_get_call_checker(cv, &ckfun, &ckobj);
10501 if (!namegv) { /* expletive! */
10502 /* XXX The call checker API is public. And it guarantees that
10503 a GV will be provided with the right name. So we have
10504 to create a GV. But it is still not correct, as its
10505 stringification will include the package. What we
10506 really need is a new call checker API that accepts a
10507 GV or string (or GV or CV). */
10508 HEK * const hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv);
10510 namegv = (GV *)sv_newmortal();
10511 gv_init_pvn(namegv, PL_curstash, HEK_KEY(hek), HEK_LEN(hek),
10512 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(hek));
10514 return ckfun(aTHX_ o, namegv, ckobj);
10519 Perl_ck_svconst(pTHX_ OP *o)
10521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SVCONST;
10522 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10523 if (!SvIsCOW(cSVOPo->op_sv)) SvREADONLY_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
10528 Perl_ck_trunc(pTHX_ OP *o)
10530 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_TRUNC;
10532 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
10533 SVOP *kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
10535 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
10536 kid = (SVOP*)kid->op_sibling;
10537 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
10538 (kid->op_private & (OPpCONST_BARE|OPpCONST_FOLDED))
10541 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
10542 kid->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10549 Perl_ck_substr(pTHX_ OP *o)
10551 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SUBSTR;
10554 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && (o->op_private == 4)) {
10555 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
10557 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
10558 kid = kid->op_sibling;
10560 kid->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
10567 Perl_ck_tell(pTHX_ OP *o)
10569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_TELL;
10571 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
10572 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
10573 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling) kid = kid->op_sibling;
10574 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV) kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
10580 Perl_ck_each(pTHX_ OP *o)
10583 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cUNOPo->op_first : NULL;
10584 const unsigned orig_type = o->op_type;
10585 const unsigned array_type = orig_type == OP_EACH ? OP_AEACH
10586 : orig_type == OP_KEYS ? OP_AKEYS : OP_AVALUES;
10587 const unsigned ref_type = orig_type == OP_EACH ? OP_REACH
10588 : orig_type == OP_KEYS ? OP_RKEYS : OP_RVALUES;
10590 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EACH;
10593 switch (kid->op_type) {
10599 CHANGE_TYPE(o, array_type);
10602 if (kid->op_private == OPpCONST_BARE
10603 || !SvROK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))
10604 || ( SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVAV
10605 && SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVHV )
10607 /* we let ck_fun handle it */
10610 CHANGE_TYPE(o, ref_type);
10614 /* if treating as a reference, defer additional checks to runtime */
10615 return o->op_type == ref_type ? o : ck_fun(o);
10619 Perl_ck_length(pTHX_ OP *o)
10621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LENGTH;
10625 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
10626 const OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : NULL;
10630 const bool hash = kid->op_type == OP_PADHV
10631 || kid->op_type == OP_RV2HV;
10632 switch (kid->op_type) {
10636 (GV *)PL_compcv, hash ? '%' : '@', kid->op_targ,
10642 if (cUNOPx(kid)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) break;
10644 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(kid)->op_first);
10646 name = varname(gv, hash?'%':'@', 0, NULL, 0, 1);
10653 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10654 "length() used on %"SVf" (did you mean \"scalar(%s%"SVf
10656 name, hash ? "keys " : "", name
10659 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10660 "length() used on %%hash (did you mean \"scalar(keys %%hash)\"?)");
10662 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10663 "length() used on @array (did you mean \"scalar(@array)\"?)");
10670 /* Check for in place reverse and sort assignments like "@a = reverse @a"
10671 and modify the optree to make them work inplace */
10674 S_inplace_aassign(pTHX_ OP *o) {
10676 OP *modop, *modop_pushmark;
10678 OP *oleft, *oleft_pushmark;
10680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INPLACE_AASSIGN;
10682 assert((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID);
10684 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
10685 modop_pushmark = cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first;
10686 assert(modop_pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10687 modop = modop_pushmark->op_sibling;
10689 if (modop->op_type != OP_SORT && modop->op_type != OP_REVERSE)
10692 /* no other operation except sort/reverse */
10693 if (modop->op_sibling)
10696 assert(cUNOPx(modop)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10697 if (!(oright = cUNOPx(modop)->op_first->op_sibling)) return;
10699 if (modop->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
10700 /* skip sort subroutine/block */
10701 assert(oright->op_type == OP_NULL);
10702 oright = oright->op_sibling;
10705 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL);
10706 oleft_pushmark = cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
10707 assert(oleft_pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10708 oleft = oleft_pushmark->op_sibling;
10710 /* Check the lhs is an array */
10712 (oleft->op_type != OP_RV2AV && oleft->op_type != OP_PADAV)
10713 || oleft->op_sibling
10714 || (oleft->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
10718 /* Only one thing on the rhs */
10719 if (oright->op_sibling)
10722 /* check the array is the same on both sides */
10723 if (oleft->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
10724 if (oright->op_type != OP_RV2AV
10725 || !cUNOPx(oright)->op_first
10726 || cUNOPx(oright)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
10727 || cUNOPx(oleft )->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
10728 || cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first) !=
10729 cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(oright)->op_first)
10733 else if (oright->op_type != OP_PADAV
10734 || oright->op_targ != oleft->op_targ
10738 /* This actually is an inplace assignment */
10740 modop->op_private |= OPpSORT_INPLACE;
10742 /* transfer MODishness etc from LHS arg to RHS arg */
10743 oright->op_flags = oleft->op_flags;
10745 /* remove the aassign op and the lhs */
10747 op_null(oleft_pushmark);
10748 if (oleft->op_type == OP_RV2AV && cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first)
10749 op_null(cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first);
10753 #define MAX_DEFERRED 4
10757 if (defer_ix == (MAX_DEFERRED-1)) { \
10758 CALL_RPEEP(defer_queue[defer_base]); \
10759 defer_base = (defer_base + 1) % MAX_DEFERRED; \
10762 defer_queue[(defer_base + ++defer_ix) % MAX_DEFERRED] = o; \
10765 /* A peephole optimizer. We visit the ops in the order they're to execute.
10766 * See the comments at the top of this file for more details about when
10767 * peep() is called */
10770 Perl_rpeep(pTHX_ OP *o)
10774 OP* oldoldop = NULL;
10775 OP* defer_queue[MAX_DEFERRED]; /* small queue of deferred branches */
10776 int defer_base = 0;
10779 if (!o || o->op_opt)
10783 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
10784 for (;; o = o->op_next) {
10785 if (o && o->op_opt)
10788 while (defer_ix >= 0)
10789 CALL_RPEEP(defer_queue[(defer_base + defer_ix--) % MAX_DEFERRED]);
10793 /* By default, this op has now been optimised. A couple of cases below
10794 clear this again. */
10797 switch (o->op_type) {
10799 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
10802 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
10804 /* Two NEXTSTATEs in a row serve no purpose. Except if they happen
10805 to carry two labels. For now, take the easier option, and skip
10806 this optimisation if the first NEXTSTATE has a label. */
10807 if (!CopLABEL((COP*)o) && !PERLDB_NOOPT) {
10808 OP *nextop = o->op_next;
10809 while (nextop && nextop->op_type == OP_NULL)
10810 nextop = nextop->op_next;
10812 if (nextop && (nextop->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)) {
10813 COP *firstcop = (COP *)o;
10814 COP *secondcop = (COP *)nextop;
10815 /* We want the COP pointed to by o (and anything else) to
10816 become the next COP down the line. */
10817 cop_free(firstcop);
10819 firstcop->op_next = secondcop->op_next;
10821 /* Now steal all its pointers, and duplicate the other
10823 firstcop->cop_line = secondcop->cop_line;
10824 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
10825 firstcop->cop_stashoff = secondcop->cop_stashoff;
10826 firstcop->cop_file = secondcop->cop_file;
10828 firstcop->cop_stash = secondcop->cop_stash;
10829 firstcop->cop_filegv = secondcop->cop_filegv;
10831 firstcop->cop_hints = secondcop->cop_hints;
10832 firstcop->cop_seq = secondcop->cop_seq;
10833 firstcop->cop_warnings = secondcop->cop_warnings;
10834 firstcop->cop_hints_hash = secondcop->cop_hints_hash;
10836 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
10837 secondcop->cop_stashoff = 0;
10838 secondcop->cop_file = NULL;
10840 secondcop->cop_stash = NULL;
10841 secondcop->cop_filegv = NULL;
10843 secondcop->cop_warnings = NULL;
10844 secondcop->cop_hints_hash = NULL;
10846 /* If we use op_null(), and hence leave an ex-COP, some
10847 warnings are misreported. For example, the compile-time
10848 error in 'use strict; no strict refs;' */
10849 secondcop->op_type = OP_NULL;
10850 secondcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
10856 if (o->op_next && o->op_next->op_type == OP_STRINGIFY) {
10857 if (o->op_next->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
10858 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* chained concats */
10859 break; /* ignore_optimization */
10861 /* assert(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX); */
10862 o->op_targ = o->op_next->op_targ;
10863 o->op_next->op_targ = 0;
10864 o->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY;
10867 op_null(o->op_next);
10871 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_LIST) {
10872 break; /* Scalar stub must produce undef. List stub is noop */
10876 if (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
10877 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)
10879 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o);
10881 /* XXX: We avoid setting op_seq here to prevent later calls
10882 to rpeep() from mistakenly concluding that optimisation
10883 has already occurred. This doesn't fix the real problem,
10884 though (See 20010220.007). AMS 20010719 */
10885 /* op_seq functionality is now replaced by op_opt */
10892 if (oldop && o->op_next) {
10893 oldop->op_next = o->op_next;
10901 /* Convert a series of PAD ops for my vars plus support into a
10902 * single padrange op. Basically
10904 * pushmark -> pad[ahs]v -> pad[ahs]?v -> ... -> (list) -> rest
10906 * becomes, depending on circumstances, one of
10908 * padrange ----------------------------------> (list) -> rest
10909 * padrange --------------------------------------------> rest
10911 * where all the pad indexes are sequential and of the same type
10913 * We convert the pushmark into a padrange op, then skip
10914 * any other pad ops, and possibly some trailing ops.
10915 * Note that we don't null() the skipped ops, to make it
10916 * easier for Deparse to undo this optimisation (and none of
10917 * the skipped ops are holding any resourses). It also makes
10918 * it easier for find_uninit_var(), as it can just ignore
10919 * padrange, and examine the original pad ops.
10923 OP *followop = NULL; /* the op that will follow the padrange op */
10926 PADOFFSET base = 0; /* init only to stop compiler whining */
10927 U8 gimme = 0; /* init only to stop compiler whining */
10928 bool defav = 0; /* seen (...) = @_ */
10929 bool reuse = 0; /* reuse an existing padrange op */
10931 /* look for a pushmark -> gv[_] -> rv2av */
10937 if ( p->op_type == OP_GV
10938 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(p))
10939 && GvNAMELEN_get(gv) == 1
10940 && *GvNAME_get(gv) == '_'
10941 && GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash
10942 && (rv2av = p->op_next)
10943 && rv2av->op_type == OP_RV2AV
10944 && !(rv2av->op_flags & OPf_REF)
10945 && !(rv2av->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAYBE_LVSUB))
10946 && ((rv2av->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST)
10947 && o->op_sibling == rv2av /* these two for Deparse */
10948 && cUNOPx(rv2av)->op_first == p
10950 q = rv2av->op_next;
10951 if (q->op_type == OP_NULL)
10953 if (q->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
10960 /* To allow Deparse to pessimise this, it needs to be able
10961 * to restore the pushmark's original op_next, which it
10962 * will assume to be the same as op_sibling. */
10963 if (o->op_next != o->op_sibling)
10968 /* scan for PAD ops */
10970 for (p = p->op_next; p; p = p->op_next) {
10971 if (p->op_type == OP_NULL)
10974 if (( p->op_type != OP_PADSV
10975 && p->op_type != OP_PADAV
10976 && p->op_type != OP_PADHV
10978 /* any private flag other than INTRO? e.g. STATE */
10979 || (p->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO)
10983 /* let $a[N] potentially be optimised into ALEMFAST_LEX
10985 if ( p->op_type == OP_PADAV
10987 && p->op_next->op_type == OP_CONST
10988 && p->op_next->op_next
10989 && p->op_next->op_next->op_type == OP_AELEM
10993 /* for 1st padop, note what type it is and the range
10994 * start; for the others, check that it's the same type
10995 * and that the targs are contiguous */
10997 intro = (p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO);
10999 gimme = (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT);
11002 if ((p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) != intro)
11004 /* Note that you'd normally expect targs to be
11005 * contiguous in my($a,$b,$c), but that's not the case
11006 * when external modules start doing things, e.g.
11007 i* Function::Parameters */
11008 if (p->op_targ != base + count)
11010 assert(p->op_targ == base + count);
11011 /* all the padops should be in the same context */
11012 if (gimme != (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT))
11016 /* for AV, HV, only when we're not flattening */
11017 if ( p->op_type != OP_PADSV
11018 && gimme != OPf_WANT_VOID
11019 && !(p->op_flags & OPf_REF)
11023 if (count >= OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK)
11026 /* there's a biggest base we can fit into a
11027 * SAVEt_CLEARPADRANGE in pp_padrange */
11028 if (intro && base >
11029 (UV_MAX >> (OPpPADRANGE_COUNTSHIFT+SAVE_TIGHT_SHIFT)))
11032 /* Success! We've got another valid pad op to optimise away */
11034 followop = p->op_next;
11040 /* pp_padrange in specifically compile-time void context
11041 * skips pushing a mark and lexicals; in all other contexts
11042 * (including unknown till runtime) it pushes a mark and the
11043 * lexicals. We must be very careful then, that the ops we
11044 * optimise away would have exactly the same effect as the
11046 * In particular in void context, we can only optimise to
11047 * a padrange if see see the complete sequence
11048 * pushmark, pad*v, ...., list, nextstate
11049 * which has the net effect of of leaving the stack empty
11050 * (for now we leave the nextstate in the execution chain, for
11051 * its other side-effects).
11054 if (gimme == OPf_WANT_VOID) {
11055 if (followop->op_type == OP_LIST
11056 && gimme == (followop->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
11057 && ( followop->op_next->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11058 || followop->op_next->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
11060 followop = followop->op_next; /* skip OP_LIST */
11062 /* consolidate two successive my(...);'s */
11065 && oldoldop->op_type == OP_PADRANGE
11066 && (oldoldop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11067 && (oldoldop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) == intro
11068 && !(oldoldop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
11071 assert(oldoldop->op_next == oldop);
11072 assert( oldop->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11073 || oldop->op_type == OP_DBSTATE);
11074 assert(oldop->op_next == o);
11077 = (oldoldop->op_private & OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK);
11078 assert(oldoldop->op_targ + old_count == base);
11080 if (old_count < OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK - count) {
11081 base = oldoldop->op_targ;
11082 count += old_count;
11087 /* if there's any immediately following singleton
11088 * my var's; then swallow them and the associated
11090 * my ($a,$b); my $c; my $d;
11092 * my ($a,$b,$c,$d);
11095 while ( ((p = followop->op_next))
11096 && ( p->op_type == OP_PADSV
11097 || p->op_type == OP_PADAV
11098 || p->op_type == OP_PADHV)
11099 && (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11100 && (p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) == intro
11102 && ( p->op_next->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11103 || p->op_next->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
11104 && count < OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK
11106 assert(base + count == p->op_targ);
11108 followop = p->op_next;
11116 assert(oldoldop->op_type == OP_PADRANGE);
11117 oldoldop->op_next = followop;
11118 oldoldop->op_private = (intro | count);
11124 /* Convert the pushmark into a padrange.
11125 * To make Deparse easier, we guarantee that a padrange was
11126 * *always* formerly a pushmark */
11127 assert(o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
11128 o->op_next = followop;
11129 o->op_type = OP_PADRANGE;
11130 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADRANGE];
11132 /* bit 7: INTRO; bit 6..0: count */
11133 o->op_private = (intro | count);
11134 o->op_flags = ((o->op_flags & ~(OPf_WANT|OPf_SPECIAL))
11135 | gimme | (defav ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0));
11142 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_next->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
11143 OP* const pop = (o->op_type == OP_PADAV) ?
11144 o->op_next : o->op_next->op_next;
11146 if (pop && pop->op_type == OP_CONST &&
11147 ((PL_op = pop->op_next)) &&
11148 pop->op_next->op_type == OP_AELEM &&
11149 !(pop->op_next->op_private &
11150 (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpLVAL_DEFER|OPpDEREF|OPpMAYBE_LVSUB)) &&
11151 (i = SvIV(((SVOP*)pop)->op_sv)) <= 255 && i >= 0)
11154 if (cSVOPx(pop)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
11155 no_bareword_allowed(pop);
11156 if (o->op_type == OP_GV)
11157 op_null(o->op_next);
11158 op_null(pop->op_next);
11160 o->op_flags |= pop->op_next->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
11161 o->op_next = pop->op_next->op_next;
11162 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AELEMFAST];
11163 o->op_private = (U8)i;
11164 if (o->op_type == OP_GV) {
11167 o->op_type = OP_AELEMFAST;
11170 o->op_type = OP_AELEMFAST_LEX;
11175 if (o->op_next->op_type == OP_RV2SV) {
11176 if (!(o->op_next->op_private & OPpDEREF)) {
11177 op_null(o->op_next);
11178 o->op_private |= o->op_next->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO
11180 o->op_next = o->op_next->op_next;
11181 o->op_type = OP_GVSV;
11182 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GVSV];
11185 else if (o->op_next->op_type == OP_READLINE
11186 && o->op_next->op_next->op_type == OP_CONCAT
11187 && (o->op_next->op_next->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
11189 /* Turn "$a .= <FH>" into an OP_RCATLINE. AMS 20010917 */
11190 o->op_type = OP_RCATLINE;
11191 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
11192 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RCATLINE];
11193 op_null(o->op_next->op_next);
11194 op_null(o->op_next);
11203 #define HV_OR_SCALARHV(op) \
11204 ( (op)->op_type == OP_PADHV || (op)->op_type == OP_RV2HV \
11206 : (op)->op_type == OP_SCALAR && (op)->op_flags & OPf_KIDS \
11207 && ( cUNOPx(op)->op_first->op_type == OP_PADHV \
11208 || cUNOPx(op)->op_first->op_type == OP_RV2HV) \
11209 ? cUNOPx(op)->op_first \
11213 if ((fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(cUNOP->op_first)))
11214 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11220 fop = cLOGOP->op_first;
11221 sop = fop->op_sibling;
11222 while (cLOGOP->op_other->op_type == OP_NULL)
11223 cLOGOP->op_other = cLOGOP->op_other->op_next;
11224 while (o->op_next && ( o->op_type == o->op_next->op_type
11225 || o->op_next->op_type == OP_NULL))
11226 o->op_next = o->op_next->op_next;
11227 DEFER(cLOGOP->op_other);
11230 fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(fop);
11231 if (sop) sop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(sop);
11236 if (!((nop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID)) {
11237 while (nop && nop->op_next) {
11238 switch (nop->op_next->op_type) {
11243 lop = nop = nop->op_next;
11246 nop = nop->op_next;
11255 if ( (lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11256 || o->op_type == OP_AND )
11257 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11258 else if (!(lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT))
11259 fop->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_TRUEBOOL;
11261 if ( (lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11263 sop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11270 if ((fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(cLOGOP->op_first)))
11271 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11272 #undef HV_OR_SCALARHV
11283 while (cLOGOP->op_other->op_type == OP_NULL)
11284 cLOGOP->op_other = cLOGOP->op_other->op_next;
11285 DEFER(cLOGOP->op_other);
11290 while (cLOOP->op_redoop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11291 cLOOP->op_redoop = cLOOP->op_redoop->op_next;
11292 while (cLOOP->op_nextop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11293 cLOOP->op_nextop = cLOOP->op_nextop->op_next;
11294 while (cLOOP->op_lastop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11295 cLOOP->op_lastop = cLOOP->op_lastop->op_next;
11296 /* a while(1) loop doesn't have an op_next that escapes the
11297 * loop, so we have to explicitly follow the op_lastop to
11298 * process the rest of the code */
11299 DEFER(cLOOP->op_lastop);
11303 assert(!(cPMOP->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
11304 while (cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart &&
11305 cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart->op_type == OP_NULL)
11306 cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart
11307 = cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart->op_next;
11308 DEFER(cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart);
11314 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
11316 cUNOPx(cLISTOP->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
11317 if (kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE
11318 || (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_LEAVE))
11319 DEFER(kLISTOP->op_first);
11322 /* check that RHS of sort is a single plain array */
11323 oright = cUNOPo->op_first;
11324 if (!oright || oright->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11327 if (o->op_private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)
11330 /* reverse sort ... can be optimised. */
11331 if (!cUNOPo->op_sibling) {
11332 /* Nothing follows us on the list. */
11333 OP * const reverse = o->op_next;
11335 if (reverse->op_type == OP_REVERSE &&
11336 (reverse->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST) {
11337 OP * const pushmark = cUNOPx(reverse)->op_first;
11338 if (pushmark && (pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
11339 && (cUNOPx(pushmark)->op_sibling == o)) {
11340 /* reverse -> pushmark -> sort */
11341 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_REVERSE;
11343 pushmark->op_next = oright->op_next;
11353 OP *ourmark, *theirmark, *ourlast, *iter, *expushmark, *rv2av;
11355 LISTOP *enter, *exlist;
11357 if (o->op_private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)
11360 enter = (LISTOP *) o->op_next;
11363 if (enter->op_type == OP_NULL) {
11364 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11368 /* for $a (...) will have OP_GV then OP_RV2GV here.
11369 for (...) just has an OP_GV. */
11370 if (enter->op_type == OP_GV) {
11371 gvop = (OP *) enter;
11372 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11375 if (enter->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
11376 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11382 if (enter->op_type != OP_ENTERITER)
11385 iter = enter->op_next;
11386 if (!iter || iter->op_type != OP_ITER)
11389 expushmark = enter->op_first;
11390 if (!expushmark || expushmark->op_type != OP_NULL
11391 || expushmark->op_targ != OP_PUSHMARK)
11394 exlist = (LISTOP *) expushmark->op_sibling;
11395 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
11396 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
11399 if (exlist->op_last != o) {
11400 /* Mmm. Was expecting to point back to this op. */
11403 theirmark = exlist->op_first;
11404 if (!theirmark || theirmark->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11407 if (theirmark->op_sibling != o) {
11408 /* There's something between the mark and the reverse, eg
11409 for (1, reverse (...))
11414 ourmark = ((LISTOP *)o)->op_first;
11415 if (!ourmark || ourmark->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11418 ourlast = ((LISTOP *)o)->op_last;
11419 if (!ourlast || ourlast->op_next != o)
11422 rv2av = ourmark->op_sibling;
11423 if (rv2av && rv2av->op_type == OP_RV2AV && rv2av->op_sibling == 0
11424 && rv2av->op_flags == (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_KIDS)
11425 && enter->op_flags == (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_KIDS)) {
11426 /* We're just reversing a single array. */
11427 rv2av->op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_KIDS | OPf_REF;
11428 enter->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
11431 /* We don't have control over who points to theirmark, so sacrifice
11433 theirmark->op_next = ourmark->op_next;
11434 theirmark->op_flags = ourmark->op_flags;
11435 ourlast->op_next = gvop ? gvop : (OP *) enter;
11438 enter->op_private |= OPpITER_REVERSED;
11439 iter->op_private |= OPpITER_REVERSED;
11446 if (!(cPMOP->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE)) {
11447 assert (!cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart);
11452 if (!(o->op_private & OPpOFFBYONE) && !CvCLONE(PL_compcv)) {
11454 if (CvEVAL(PL_compcv)) sv = &PL_sv_undef;
11456 sv = newRV((SV *)PL_compcv);
11460 o->op_type = OP_CONST;
11461 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_CONST];
11462 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
11463 cSVOPo->op_sv = sv;
11468 if (OP_GIMME(o,0) == G_VOID) {
11469 OP *right = cBINOP->op_first;
11471 OP *left = right->op_sibling;
11472 if (left->op_type == OP_SUBSTR
11473 && (left->op_private & 7) < 4) {
11475 cBINOP->op_first = left;
11476 right->op_sibling =
11477 cBINOPx(left)->op_first->op_sibling;
11478 cBINOPx(left)->op_first->op_sibling = right;
11479 left->op_private |= OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST;
11481 (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
11488 Perl_cpeep_t cpeep =
11489 XopENTRY(Perl_custom_op_xop(aTHX_ o), xop_peep);
11491 cpeep(aTHX_ o, oldop);
11503 Perl_peep(pTHX_ OP *o)
11509 =head1 Custom Operators
11511 =for apidoc Ao||custom_op_xop
11512 Return the XOP structure for a given custom op. This function should be
11513 considered internal to OP_NAME and the other access macros: use them instead.
11519 Perl_custom_op_xop(pTHX_ const OP *o)
11525 static const XOP xop_null = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
11527 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CUSTOM_OP_XOP;
11528 assert(o->op_type == OP_CUSTOM);
11530 /* This is wrong. It assumes a function pointer can be cast to IV,
11531 * which isn't guaranteed, but this is what the old custom OP code
11532 * did. In principle it should be safer to Copy the bytes of the
11533 * pointer into a PV: since the new interface is hidden behind
11534 * functions, this can be changed later if necessary. */
11535 /* Change custom_op_xop if this ever happens */
11536 keysv = sv_2mortal(newSViv(PTR2IV(o->op_ppaddr)));
11539 he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_ops, keysv, 0, 0);
11541 /* assume noone will have just registered a desc */
11542 if (!he && PL_custom_op_names &&
11543 (he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_op_names, keysv, 0, 0))
11548 /* XXX does all this need to be shared mem? */
11549 Newxz(xop, 1, XOP);
11550 pv = SvPV(HeVAL(he), l);
11551 XopENTRY_set(xop, xop_name, savepvn(pv, l));
11552 if (PL_custom_op_descs &&
11553 (he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_op_descs, keysv, 0, 0))
11555 pv = SvPV(HeVAL(he), l);
11556 XopENTRY_set(xop, xop_desc, savepvn(pv, l));
11558 Perl_custom_op_register(aTHX_ o->op_ppaddr, xop);
11562 if (!he) return &xop_null;
11564 xop = INT2PTR(XOP *, SvIV(HeVAL(he)));
11569 =for apidoc Ao||custom_op_register
11570 Register a custom op. See L<perlguts/"Custom Operators">.
11576 Perl_custom_op_register(pTHX_ Perl_ppaddr_t ppaddr, const XOP *xop)
11580 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CUSTOM_OP_REGISTER;
11582 /* see the comment in custom_op_xop */
11583 keysv = sv_2mortal(newSViv(PTR2IV(ppaddr)));
11585 if (!PL_custom_ops)
11586 PL_custom_ops = newHV();
11588 if (!hv_store_ent(PL_custom_ops, keysv, newSViv(PTR2IV(xop)), 0))
11589 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: can't register custom OP %s", xop->xop_name);
11593 =head1 Functions in file op.c
11595 =for apidoc core_prototype
11596 This function assigns the prototype of the named core function to C<sv>, or
11597 to a new mortal SV if C<sv> is NULL. It returns the modified C<sv>, or
11598 NULL if the core function has no prototype. C<code> is a code as returned
11599 by C<keyword()>. It must not be equal to 0 or -KEY_CORE.
11605 Perl_core_prototype(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name, const int code,
11608 int i = 0, n = 0, seen_question = 0, defgv = 0;
11610 #define MAX_ARGS_OP ((sizeof(I32) - 1) * 2)
11611 char str[ MAX_ARGS_OP * 2 + 2 ]; /* One ';', one '\0' */
11612 bool nullret = FALSE;
11614 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CORE_PROTOTYPE;
11616 assert (code && code != -KEY_CORE);
11618 if (!sv) sv = sv_newmortal();
11620 #define retsetpvs(x,y) sv_setpvs(sv, x); if(opnum) *opnum=(y); return sv
11622 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
11623 case KEY_and : case KEY_chop: case KEY_chomp:
11624 case KEY_cmp : case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete: case KEY_exec :
11625 case KEY_exists: case KEY_eq : case KEY_ge : case KEY_goto :
11626 case KEY_grep : case KEY_gt : case KEY_last : case KEY_le :
11627 case KEY_lt : case KEY_map : case KEY_ne : case KEY_next :
11628 case KEY_or : case KEY_print : case KEY_printf: case KEY_qr :
11629 case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return: case KEY_say :
11630 case KEY_select: case KEY_sort : case KEY_split : case KEY_system:
11631 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor :
11632 if (!opnum) return NULL; nullret = TRUE; goto findopnum;
11633 case KEY_glob: retsetpvs("_;", OP_GLOB);
11634 case KEY_keys: retsetpvs("+", OP_KEYS);
11635 case KEY_values: retsetpvs("+", OP_VALUES);
11636 case KEY_each: retsetpvs("+", OP_EACH);
11637 case KEY_push: retsetpvs("+@", OP_PUSH);
11638 case KEY_unshift: retsetpvs("+@", OP_UNSHIFT);
11639 case KEY_pop: retsetpvs(";+", OP_POP);
11640 case KEY_shift: retsetpvs(";+", OP_SHIFT);
11641 case KEY_pos: retsetpvs(";\\[$*]", OP_POS);
11643 retsetpvs("+;$$@", OP_SPLICE);
11644 case KEY___FILE__: case KEY___LINE__: case KEY___PACKAGE__:
11646 case KEY_evalbytes:
11647 name = "entereval"; break;
11655 while (i < MAXO) { /* The slow way. */
11656 if (strEQ(name, PL_op_name[i])
11657 || strEQ(name, PL_op_desc[i]))
11659 if (nullret) { assert(opnum); *opnum = i; return NULL; }
11666 defgv = PL_opargs[i] & OA_DEFGV;
11667 oa = PL_opargs[i] >> OASHIFT;
11669 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && !seen_question && (
11670 !defgv || (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) == OA_FILEREF
11675 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
11676 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
11677 /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
11678 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
11682 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) == OA_SCALARREF
11683 && !scalar_mod_type(NULL, i)) {
11688 if (i == OP_LOCK || i == OP_UNDEF) str[n++] = '&';
11692 else str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
11693 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && defgv && str[n-1] == '$') {
11694 str[n-1] = '_'; defgv = 0;
11698 if (code == -KEY_not || code == -KEY_getprotobynumber) str[n++] = ';';
11700 sv_setpvn(sv, str, n - 1);
11701 if (opnum) *opnum = i;
11706 Perl_coresub_op(pTHX_ SV * const coreargssv, const int code,
11709 OP * const argop = newSVOP(OP_COREARGS,0,coreargssv);
11712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CORESUB_OP;
11716 return op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
11719 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(-code % 3)),
11723 case OP_SELECT: /* which represents OP_SSELECT as well */
11728 newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
11729 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(1))
11731 coresub_op(newSVuv((UV)OP_SSELECT), 0,
11733 coresub_op(coreargssv, 0, OP_SELECT)
11737 switch (PL_opargs[opnum] & OA_CLASS_MASK) {
11739 return op_append_elem(
11742 opnum == OP_WANTARRAY || opnum == OP_RUNCV
11743 ? OPpOFFBYONE << 8 : 0)
11745 case OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP:
11746 if (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL) {
11747 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTEREVAL,OPpEVAL_COPHH<<8,argop);
11748 if (code == -KEY_evalbytes) o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_BYTES;
11750 else o = newUNOP(opnum,0,argop);
11751 if (opnum == OP_CALLER) o->op_private |= OPpOFFBYONE;
11754 if (is_handle_constructor(o, 1))
11755 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_DEREF1;
11756 if (scalar_mod_type(NULL, opnum))
11757 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_SCALARMOD;
11761 o = convert(opnum,OPf_SPECIAL*(opnum == OP_GLOB),argop);
11762 if (is_handle_constructor(o, 2))
11763 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_DEREF2;
11764 if (opnum == OP_SUBSTR) {
11765 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
11774 Perl_report_redefined_cv(pTHX_ const SV *name, const CV *old_cv,
11775 SV * const *new_const_svp)
11777 const char *hvname;
11778 bool is_const = !!CvCONST(old_cv);
11779 SV *old_const_sv = is_const ? cv_const_sv(old_cv) : NULL;
11781 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REPORT_REDEFINED_CV;
11783 if (is_const && new_const_svp && old_const_sv == *new_const_svp)
11785 /* They are 2 constant subroutines generated from
11786 the same constant. This probably means that
11787 they are really the "same" proxy subroutine
11788 instantiated in 2 places. Most likely this is
11789 when a constant is exported twice. Don't warn.
11792 (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)
11794 CvGV(old_cv) && GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))
11795 && HvNAMELEN(GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))) == 7
11796 && (hvname = HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))),
11797 strEQ(hvname, "autouse"))
11801 && ckWARN_d(WARN_REDEFINE)
11802 && (!new_const_svp || sv_cmp(old_const_sv, *new_const_svp))
11805 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
11807 ? "Constant subroutine %"SVf" redefined"
11808 : "Subroutine %"SVf" redefined",
11813 =head1 Hook manipulation
11815 These functions provide convenient and thread-safe means of manipulating
11822 =for apidoc Am|void|wrap_op_checker|Optype opcode|Perl_check_t new_checker|Perl_check_t *old_checker_p
11824 Puts a C function into the chain of check functions for a specified op
11825 type. This is the preferred way to manipulate the L</PL_check> array.
11826 I<opcode> specifies which type of op is to be affected. I<new_checker>
11827 is a pointer to the C function that is to be added to that opcode's
11828 check chain, and I<old_checker_p> points to the storage location where a
11829 pointer to the next function in the chain will be stored. The value of
11830 I<new_pointer> is written into the L</PL_check> array, while the value
11831 previously stored there is written to I<*old_checker_p>.
11833 L</PL_check> is global to an entire process, and a module wishing to
11834 hook op checking may find itself invoked more than once per process,
11835 typically in different threads. To handle that situation, this function
11836 is idempotent. The location I<*old_checker_p> must initially (once
11837 per process) contain a null pointer. A C variable of static duration
11838 (declared at file scope, typically also marked C<static> to give
11839 it internal linkage) will be implicitly initialised appropriately,
11840 if it does not have an explicit initialiser. This function will only
11841 actually modify the check chain if it finds I<*old_checker_p> to be null.
11842 This function is also thread safe on the small scale. It uses appropriate
11843 locking to avoid race conditions in accessing L</PL_check>.
11845 When this function is called, the function referenced by I<new_checker>
11846 must be ready to be called, except for I<*old_checker_p> being unfilled.
11847 In a threading situation, I<new_checker> may be called immediately,
11848 even before this function has returned. I<*old_checker_p> will always
11849 be appropriately set before I<new_checker> is called. If I<new_checker>
11850 decides not to do anything special with an op that it is given (which
11851 is the usual case for most uses of op check hooking), it must chain the
11852 check function referenced by I<*old_checker_p>.
11854 If you want to influence compilation of calls to a specific subroutine,
11855 then use L</cv_set_call_checker> rather than hooking checking of all
11862 Perl_wrap_op_checker(pTHX_ Optype opcode,
11863 Perl_check_t new_checker, Perl_check_t *old_checker_p)
11867 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WRAP_OP_CHECKER;
11868 if (*old_checker_p) return;
11869 OP_CHECK_MUTEX_LOCK;
11870 if (!*old_checker_p) {
11871 *old_checker_p = PL_check[opcode];
11872 PL_check[opcode] = new_checker;
11874 OP_CHECK_MUTEX_UNLOCK;
11879 /* Efficient sub that returns a constant scalar value. */
11881 const_sv_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
11885 SV *const sv = MUTABLE_SV(XSANY.any_ptr);
11889 /* diag_listed_as: SKIPME */
11890 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "usage: %s::%s()",
11891 HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), GvNAME(CvGV(cv)));
11904 * c-indentation-style: bsd
11905 * c-basic-offset: 4
11906 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
11909 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: