4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
116 # include <sys/mman.h>
119 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
120 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
124 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
128 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
129 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
130 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
131 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
133 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
134 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
135 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
136 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
138 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
139 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
141 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
142 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
144 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
145 perror("mmap failed");
150 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
155 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
156 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
157 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
158 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
160 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
161 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
162 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
163 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
165 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
167 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
168 /* We remember this slab. */
169 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
170 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
171 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
172 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
175 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
176 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
178 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
179 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
180 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
181 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
182 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
183 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
186 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
188 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
189 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
190 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
191 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
193 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
194 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
195 and a warn handler has an eval */
200 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
204 void *const start = slabs[count];
205 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
206 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
207 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
208 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
216 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
218 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
219 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
223 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
224 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
226 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
227 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
228 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
233 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
251 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
255 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
257 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
258 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
260 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
261 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
264 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
266 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
269 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
270 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
271 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
274 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
276 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
277 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
278 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
280 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
281 PL_slab_count, count));
282 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
283 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
285 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
286 perror("munmap failed");
294 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
296 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
303 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
304 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
306 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
307 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
308 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
309 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
311 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
313 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
315 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
317 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
318 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
322 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
324 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
328 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
333 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
335 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
337 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
343 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
345 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
346 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
347 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
352 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
355 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
360 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
364 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
369 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
371 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
373 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
374 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
379 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
383 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
384 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
388 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
390 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
392 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
393 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
397 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
399 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
402 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
403 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
404 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
406 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
409 /* "register" allocation */
412 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
416 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
418 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
420 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
421 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
424 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
426 assert(strlen(name) == len);
428 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
432 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
433 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
435 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
436 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
437 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
438 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
439 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
440 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
442 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
443 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
447 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
449 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
450 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
451 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
452 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
453 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
455 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
456 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
460 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
461 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
463 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
464 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
470 =for apidoc alloccopstash
472 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
473 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
480 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
482 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
483 bool found_slot = FALSE;
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
487 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
489 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
490 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
491 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
492 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
495 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
496 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
497 off = PL_stashpadmax;
498 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
501 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
506 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
507 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
510 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
512 if (o->op_latefree) {
520 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
522 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
528 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
535 if (o->op_latefreed) {
542 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
553 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
556 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
557 we maintain for reset(). */
558 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
568 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
569 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
573 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
574 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
575 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
576 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
581 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
585 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
586 * numbers etc even after null() */
587 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
588 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
589 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
590 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
595 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
598 if (o->op_latefree) {
604 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
611 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
616 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
619 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
624 switch (o->op_type) {
625 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
626 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
627 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
632 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
636 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
637 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
644 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
649 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
650 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
651 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
652 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
653 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
654 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
655 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
656 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
657 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
658 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
659 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
660 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
661 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
662 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
663 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
666 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
668 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
669 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
670 * may still exist on the pad */
671 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
672 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
675 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
676 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
679 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
682 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
686 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
689 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
690 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
693 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
694 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
695 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
696 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
699 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
708 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
713 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
715 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
716 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
717 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
720 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
721 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
725 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
726 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
730 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
734 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
735 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
736 * exist on the pad */
737 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
740 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
746 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
747 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
748 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
749 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
750 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
751 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
752 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
753 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
754 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
755 * happen before sv_clean_all
758 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
759 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
760 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
761 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
762 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
766 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
767 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
773 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
774 pad_free(o->op_targ);
780 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
785 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
786 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
787 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
791 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
797 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
799 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
801 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
802 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
804 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
805 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
810 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
811 array[i] = array[--count];
812 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
813 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
814 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
817 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
834 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
836 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
838 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
839 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
841 switch (kid->op_type) {
846 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
848 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
849 kid = kid->op_sibling;
855 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
861 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
865 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
866 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
867 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
871 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
879 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
886 /* Contextualizers */
889 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
891 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
892 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
893 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
900 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
902 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
904 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
905 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
906 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
908 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
915 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
917 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
918 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
919 not be called directly.
925 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
929 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
934 /* establish postfix order */
935 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
938 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
941 if (kid->op_sibling) {
942 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
943 kid = kid->op_sibling;
957 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
959 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
961 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
968 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
972 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
974 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
975 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
976 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
977 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
979 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
980 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
981 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
982 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
989 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
994 /* assumes no premature commitment */
995 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
996 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
997 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1002 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1004 switch (o->op_type) {
1006 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1011 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1021 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1022 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1028 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1030 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1033 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1034 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1040 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1045 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1048 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1055 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1059 const char* useless = NULL;
1060 U32 useless_is_utf8 = 0;
1064 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1066 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1068 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1070 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1073 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1074 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1075 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1081 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1082 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1083 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1084 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1085 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1087 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1088 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1089 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1090 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1091 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1096 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1097 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1099 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1102 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1104 switch (o->op_type) {
1106 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1110 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1114 if (o->op_private == 4)
1139 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1158 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1159 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1164 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1189 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1190 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1191 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1195 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1196 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1198 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1200 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1202 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1206 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1207 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1208 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1211 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1215 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1216 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1220 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1227 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1228 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1229 useless = "a variable";
1234 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1235 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1237 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1238 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1239 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1240 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1242 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1243 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1244 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1245 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1247 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1248 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1249 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1250 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1251 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1252 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1253 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1254 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1255 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1256 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1257 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1260 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1261 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1263 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro, SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1264 PERL_PV_PRETTY_DUMP | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT )));
1266 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1267 useless_is_utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1270 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1271 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1272 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1273 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1276 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1279 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1283 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1284 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1288 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1289 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1293 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1294 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1298 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1299 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1304 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1307 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1310 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1311 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1314 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1316 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1319 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1320 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1321 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1324 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1327 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1329 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1332 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1333 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1334 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1336 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1337 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1338 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1350 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1351 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1352 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1354 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1356 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1358 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1359 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1368 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1373 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1380 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1391 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1401 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1402 newSVpvn_flags(useless, strlen(useless),
1403 SVs_TEMP | ( useless_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 )));
1408 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1410 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1412 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1419 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1424 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1425 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1426 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1427 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1432 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1433 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1435 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1438 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1440 switch (o->op_type) {
1443 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1448 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1456 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1458 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1459 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1460 return gen_constant_list(o);
1467 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1469 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1472 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1473 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1479 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1483 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1490 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1494 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1496 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1497 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1500 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1501 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1505 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1507 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1508 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1509 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1512 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1517 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1519 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1521 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1522 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1528 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1530 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1531 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1532 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1533 the tree thread-safe.
1538 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1540 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1543 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1551 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1555 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1557 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1558 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1560 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1561 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1562 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1563 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1564 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1565 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1566 finalize_op(prop_op);
1573 switch (o->op_type) {
1576 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1580 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1581 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1583 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1584 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1585 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1586 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1587 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1588 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1589 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1590 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1591 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1592 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1599 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1600 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1601 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1602 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1603 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1604 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1605 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1606 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1613 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1614 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1618 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1619 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1620 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1621 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1622 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1623 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1624 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1625 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1627 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1628 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1629 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1630 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1631 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1633 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1634 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1635 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1636 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1637 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1638 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1639 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1641 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1642 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1643 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1646 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1647 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1648 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1649 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1650 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1652 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1663 const char *key = NULL;
1666 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1669 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1670 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1671 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1672 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1673 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1674 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1675 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1681 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1684 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1685 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1687 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1688 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1690 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1691 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1693 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1694 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1695 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1696 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1697 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1698 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1699 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1711 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1713 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1714 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1715 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1716 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1718 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1719 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1721 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1722 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1723 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1725 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1726 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1727 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1729 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1735 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1736 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1738 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1739 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1741 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1742 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1743 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1744 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1745 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1746 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1748 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1749 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1750 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1751 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1752 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1753 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1754 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1755 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1761 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1762 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1769 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1771 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1777 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1779 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1780 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1781 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1782 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1785 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1786 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1787 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1789 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1790 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1796 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1800 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1803 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1806 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1807 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1812 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1814 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1816 switch (o->op_type) {
1821 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1825 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1826 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1827 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1828 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1829 poses, so we need it clear. */
1830 o->op_private &= ~1;
1831 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1832 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1833 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1836 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1837 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1838 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1839 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1840 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1841 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1842 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1845 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1846 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1849 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1850 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1852 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1853 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1854 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1855 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1857 while (kid->op_sibling)
1858 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1859 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1860 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1863 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1864 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1865 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1866 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1868 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1869 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1870 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1871 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1875 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1885 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1886 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1887 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1888 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1890 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1891 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1893 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1894 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1896 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1910 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1919 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1926 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1927 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1932 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1933 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1934 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1938 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1940 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1944 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1945 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1951 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1954 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1955 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1956 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1960 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1964 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1973 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1980 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1981 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1982 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1983 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1985 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1986 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1990 if (!type) /* local() */
1991 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
1992 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2001 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2005 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2011 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2012 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2013 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2014 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2015 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2016 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2017 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2022 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2023 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2024 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2025 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2026 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2027 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2037 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2038 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2043 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2045 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2047 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2048 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2054 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2055 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2056 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2057 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2058 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2062 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2064 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2070 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2071 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2073 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2074 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2077 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2078 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2080 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2081 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2082 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2085 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2086 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2087 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2092 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2093 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2096 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2097 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2098 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2103 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2108 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2132 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2153 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2155 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2157 switch (o->op_type) {
2165 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2178 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2180 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2182 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2189 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2194 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2196 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2199 switch (o->op_type) {
2201 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2202 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2203 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2204 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2205 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2206 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2207 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2208 o->op_private &= ~1;
2210 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2211 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2212 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2214 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2220 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2221 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2224 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2225 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2226 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2229 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2230 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2231 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2233 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2240 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2243 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2244 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2245 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2251 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2256 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2258 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2262 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2263 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2264 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2265 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2267 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2277 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2279 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2289 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2294 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2296 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2297 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2298 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2300 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2301 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2303 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2307 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2309 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2310 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2311 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2312 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2313 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2320 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2327 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2328 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2329 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2331 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2332 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2335 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2336 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2337 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2338 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2340 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2341 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2344 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2345 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2347 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2348 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2349 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2350 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2352 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2358 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2361 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2364 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2369 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2370 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2371 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2373 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2374 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2376 /* Need package name for method call. */
2377 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2379 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2380 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2382 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2383 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2384 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2385 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2386 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2387 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2388 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2389 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2391 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2392 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2393 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2394 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2395 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2396 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2398 /* Combine the ops. */
2399 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2403 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2405 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2406 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2407 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2408 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2409 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2410 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2411 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2412 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2413 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2414 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2420 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2421 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2428 len = strlen(attrstr);
2432 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2434 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2435 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2436 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2437 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2438 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2442 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2443 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2444 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2445 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2446 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2447 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2448 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2453 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2457 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2461 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2465 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2466 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2470 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2472 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2473 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2475 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2481 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2483 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2484 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2485 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2487 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2489 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2491 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2492 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2493 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2494 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2495 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2496 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2497 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2500 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2503 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2506 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2508 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2510 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2512 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2515 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2518 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2519 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2521 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2522 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2524 stash = PL_curstash;
2525 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2527 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2528 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2530 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2535 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2539 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2543 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2544 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2546 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2556 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2558 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2559 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2560 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2563 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2564 which will mess up list assignment. */
2565 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2566 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2567 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2569 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2570 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2573 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2576 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2577 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2582 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2584 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2586 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2591 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2595 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2596 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2598 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2600 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2601 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2603 const char * const desc
2605 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2606 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2608 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2609 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2612 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2613 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2614 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2615 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2618 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2621 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2622 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2625 const char * const sample = (isary
2626 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2627 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2628 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2629 desc, sample, sample);
2633 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2634 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2635 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2637 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2640 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2641 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2643 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2644 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2645 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2647 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2648 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2649 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2650 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2651 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2653 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2655 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2658 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2659 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2660 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2661 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2662 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2663 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2664 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2667 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2668 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2670 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2672 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2676 return bind_match(type, left,
2677 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2681 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2685 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2689 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2691 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2692 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2693 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2694 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2695 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2696 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2703 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2707 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2708 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2709 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2710 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2712 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2714 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2715 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2716 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2717 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2720 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2721 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2723 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2728 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2734 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2737 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2739 pad_block_start(full);
2741 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2742 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2743 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2745 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2751 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2754 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2755 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2757 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2760 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2762 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2765 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2771 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2773 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2775 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2776 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2782 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2784 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2786 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2793 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2794 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2795 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2798 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2799 o->op_targ = offset;
2805 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2809 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2816 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2817 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2818 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2820 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2821 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2823 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2824 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2825 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2828 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2830 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2831 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2832 * argument more than once */
2833 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2834 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2835 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2836 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2837 i = PL_savestack_ix;
2840 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2841 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2843 PL_savestack_ix = i;
2846 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2847 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2849 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2852 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2853 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2854 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2855 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2856 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2857 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2858 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2859 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2862 /* Register with debugger */
2864 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2868 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2870 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2877 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2883 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2884 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2885 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2892 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2893 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2894 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2896 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2899 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2900 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2904 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2905 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2908 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2910 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2916 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2917 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2918 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2920 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2922 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2932 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2933 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2934 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2939 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2941 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2943 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2945 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2946 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2951 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2952 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
2954 I32 type = o->op_type;
2956 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
2958 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2960 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2961 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2966 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2967 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
2969 I32 type = o->op_type;
2971 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
2973 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2974 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2975 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2976 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2977 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2980 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2983 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
2984 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2985 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2991 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2994 register OP * VOL curop;
2996 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3001 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3002 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3006 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3008 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3022 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3023 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3027 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3030 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3031 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3033 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3034 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3035 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3037 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3039 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3045 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3046 old_next = o->op_next;
3050 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3051 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3053 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3054 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3055 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3056 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3057 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3058 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3059 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3060 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3067 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3068 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3070 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3071 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3072 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3075 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3078 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3079 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3084 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3085 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3087 o->op_next = old_next;
3091 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3092 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3093 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3094 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3095 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3096 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3099 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3100 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3101 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3103 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3104 delete_eval_scope();
3113 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3114 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3116 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3117 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3125 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3129 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3132 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3133 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3135 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3138 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3141 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3142 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3143 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3144 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3146 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3147 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3148 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3149 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3150 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3151 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3152 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3154 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3163 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3166 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3167 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3168 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3170 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3172 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3173 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3175 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3176 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3177 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3178 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3182 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3183 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3184 o->op_flags |= flags;
3186 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3187 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3190 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3194 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3197 /* List constructors */
3200 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3202 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3203 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3204 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3205 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3206 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3207 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3213 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3221 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3222 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3224 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3227 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3228 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3230 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3231 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3233 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3238 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3240 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3241 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3242 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3243 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3244 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3245 the other is returned unchanged.
3251 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3259 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3260 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3262 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3263 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3265 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3266 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3267 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3270 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3271 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3273 while (mp->mad_next)
3275 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3278 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3281 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3282 last->op_madprop = 0;
3285 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3291 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3293 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3294 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3295 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3296 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3297 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3298 the other is returned unchanged.
3304 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3312 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3313 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3314 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3315 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3316 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3317 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3320 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3321 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3322 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3324 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3325 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3327 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3331 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3339 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3342 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3343 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3344 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3346 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3351 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3353 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3355 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3357 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3362 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3367 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3369 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3370 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3371 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3378 /* faked up qw list? */
3380 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3381 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3388 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3389 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3390 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3391 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3393 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3407 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3408 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3418 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3427 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3428 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3429 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3430 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3432 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3439 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3442 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3448 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3457 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3458 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3459 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3460 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3462 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3469 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3472 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3476 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3477 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3483 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3501 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3505 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3509 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3530 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3532 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3534 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3538 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3540 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3543 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3544 mp->mad_type = type;
3546 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3551 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3553 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3557 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3558 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3559 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3560 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3564 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3567 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3568 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3571 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3574 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3577 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3583 =head1 Optree construction
3585 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3587 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3588 empty list expression.
3594 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3596 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3600 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3602 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3603 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3609 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3611 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3612 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3613 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3614 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3615 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3621 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3626 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3628 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3630 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3631 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3634 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3638 else if (!first && last)
3641 first->op_sibling = last;
3642 listop->op_first = first;
3643 listop->op_last = last;
3644 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3645 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3646 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3647 listop->op_first = pushop;
3648 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3650 listop->op_last = pushop;
3653 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3657 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3659 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3660 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3661 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3668 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3673 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3674 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3675 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3678 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3679 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3680 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3681 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3683 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3684 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3685 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3686 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3688 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3692 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3693 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3695 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3696 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3697 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3701 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3703 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3704 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3705 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3706 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3707 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3708 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3709 of the constructed op tree.
3715 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3720 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3721 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3722 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3725 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3726 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3727 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3728 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3729 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3730 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3731 || type == OP_NULL );
3734 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3735 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3736 first = force_list(first);
3738 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3739 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3740 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3741 unop->op_first = first;
3742 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3743 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3744 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3748 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3752 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3754 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3755 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3756 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3757 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3758 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3759 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3760 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3766 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3771 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3772 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3774 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3777 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3779 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3780 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3781 binop->op_first = first;
3782 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3785 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3788 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3789 first->op_sibling = last;
3792 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3793 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3796 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3798 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
3801 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3802 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3803 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3804 __attribute__pure__;
3805 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3807 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3809 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3811 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3813 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3819 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3822 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3825 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3826 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3828 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3831 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3832 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3836 register short *tbl;
3838 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3839 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3840 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3843 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3845 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3848 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3851 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3853 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3854 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3856 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3857 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3871 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3872 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3875 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3879 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3882 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3884 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3888 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3889 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3890 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3891 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3895 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3898 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3900 transv = newSVpvs("");
3902 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3904 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3906 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3910 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3914 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3915 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3917 diff = val - nextmin;
3919 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3920 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3922 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3923 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3924 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3925 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3932 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3933 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3935 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3936 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3938 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3939 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3940 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3941 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3945 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3946 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3949 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3950 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3952 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3956 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3957 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3958 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3959 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3961 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3963 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3970 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3971 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3973 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3975 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3977 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3986 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3990 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3991 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3992 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3999 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4000 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4002 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4003 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4005 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4009 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4010 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4013 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4014 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4016 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4017 max = rfirst + diff;
4019 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4020 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4032 else if (max > 0xff)
4037 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4039 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4040 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4041 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4043 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4045 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4047 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4048 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4050 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4051 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4052 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4055 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4061 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4062 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4070 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4071 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4072 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4074 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4076 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4078 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4080 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4089 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4099 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4101 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4106 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4107 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4108 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4110 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4111 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4112 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4116 if (!rlen && !del) {
4119 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4121 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4122 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4124 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4126 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4127 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4129 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4135 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4136 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4143 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4144 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4145 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4146 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4150 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4152 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4153 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4163 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4165 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4166 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4167 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4173 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4178 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4180 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4181 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4182 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4183 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4184 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4186 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4187 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4188 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4189 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4191 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4192 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4193 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4195 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4197 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4198 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4199 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4201 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4202 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4203 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4205 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4206 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4212 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4213 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4214 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4215 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4216 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4217 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4219 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4221 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4223 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4224 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4225 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4227 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4228 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4229 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4230 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4234 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4237 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4238 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4239 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4242 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4243 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4244 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4245 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4246 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4248 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4249 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4250 * the new sub was created
4254 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4259 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4261 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4262 bool is_compiletime;
4265 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4267 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4269 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4271 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4272 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4273 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4274 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4275 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4276 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4279 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4282 OP* const oe = expr;
4283 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4284 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4285 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4286 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4287 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4288 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4291 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4294 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4295 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4296 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4297 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4298 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4302 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4304 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4305 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4307 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4308 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4310 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4314 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4319 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4321 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4323 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4324 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4326 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4329 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4330 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4332 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4333 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4334 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4336 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4337 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4338 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4339 op_null((OP*)leave);
4343 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4344 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4345 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4346 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4349 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4350 * the op_next chain */
4353 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4358 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4360 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4362 if (is_compiletime) {
4363 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4364 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4366 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4367 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4369 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4370 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4372 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4373 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4374 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4375 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4376 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4377 * regex was parsed */
4378 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4380 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4385 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4386 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4387 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4388 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4391 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4397 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4398 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4399 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags);
4401 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4403 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4404 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4405 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4406 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4407 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4408 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4410 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4411 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4412 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4413 ((struct regexp *)SvANY(re))->qr_anoncv = cv;
4415 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4416 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4417 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4418 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4421 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4426 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4428 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4430 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4435 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4436 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4437 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4440 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
4441 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
4443 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4445 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4446 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4447 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4448 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4449 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4450 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4451 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4455 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4457 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4459 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4460 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4464 * ------ -------------------
4465 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4466 * pushmark (for entersub)
4467 * pushmark (for refgen)
4471 * regcreset regcreset
4473 * const("a") const("a")
4475 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4480 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4481 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4482 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4483 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4484 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4485 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4487 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4490 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4491 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4492 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4493 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4494 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4495 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4496 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4497 rcop->op_private = 0;
4499 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4501 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4502 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4504 /* establish postfix order */
4505 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4507 rcop->op_next = expr;
4508 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4511 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4512 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4515 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4520 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4522 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4523 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4525 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4529 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4530 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4531 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4532 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4533 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4534 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4536 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4539 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4541 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4542 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4543 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4544 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4545 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4548 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4549 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4550 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4551 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4555 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4556 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4566 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4568 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4569 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4572 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4573 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4575 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4576 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4577 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4578 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4579 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4580 rcop->op_private = 1;
4583 /* establish postfix order */
4584 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4585 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4587 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4588 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4589 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4598 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4600 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4601 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4602 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4603 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4609 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4614 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4616 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4617 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4618 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4620 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4621 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4622 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4624 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4625 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4626 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4628 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4629 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4630 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4636 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4638 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4639 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4640 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4641 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4644 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4650 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4655 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4657 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4658 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4659 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4661 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4662 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4663 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4664 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4665 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4666 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4669 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4670 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4671 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4673 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4674 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4675 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4678 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4681 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4683 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4684 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4685 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4686 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4693 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4697 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4701 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4703 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4708 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4710 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4711 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4712 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4713 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4714 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4720 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4723 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4728 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4730 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4732 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4733 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4734 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4736 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4737 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4738 pvop->op_private = utf8 ? OPpPV_IS_UTF8 : 0;
4739 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4741 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4742 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4743 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4751 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4754 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4759 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4761 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4762 save_item(PL_curstname);
4764 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4766 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4768 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4769 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4770 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4775 if (!PL_madskills) {
4780 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4781 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4787 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4790 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4791 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4792 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4793 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4794 PL_hints = savehints;
4803 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4810 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4812 SV *use_version = NULL;
4814 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4816 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4817 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4820 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4825 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4828 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4829 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4836 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4837 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4839 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4840 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4842 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4843 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4844 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4845 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4846 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4847 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4851 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4852 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4854 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4855 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4857 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4858 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4860 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4862 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;