3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
13 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
14 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
15 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
16 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me." --the Gaffer
19 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
20 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
22 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
23 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
24 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
25 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
26 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
27 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
30 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
31 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
32 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
33 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
35 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
37 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
40 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
41 * is made, called opmini.c.
45 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
49 An execution-order pass
51 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
52 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
53 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
54 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
55 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
56 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
57 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
60 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
61 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
62 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
63 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
64 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
65 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
66 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
67 it's still not the real execution order.
69 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
70 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
71 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
72 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
73 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
76 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
77 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
78 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
79 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
80 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
81 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
82 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
83 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
84 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
85 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
86 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
87 than the entire %^H on each COP.
89 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
90 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
91 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
92 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
93 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVE_HINTS>
94 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
95 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
101 #include "keywords.h"
103 #define CALL_PEEP(o) CALL_FPTR(PL_peepp)(aTHX_ o)
105 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
107 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
108 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
109 # include <sys/mman.h>
112 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
113 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
117 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
120 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
121 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
122 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
123 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
125 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
126 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
127 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
128 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
130 PL_OpPtr = mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
131 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
133 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
134 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
136 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
137 perror("mmap failed");
142 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
147 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
148 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
149 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
150 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
152 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
153 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
154 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
155 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
157 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
159 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
160 /* We remember this slab. */
161 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
162 PL_slabs = realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
163 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
164 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
167 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
168 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
170 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
171 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
172 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
173 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
174 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
175 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
178 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
180 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
181 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
182 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
183 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
185 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
186 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
187 and a warn handler has an eval */
192 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
196 void *const start = slabs[count];
197 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
198 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
199 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
200 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
208 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
210 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
211 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
212 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
213 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
215 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
216 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
217 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
222 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
233 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
239 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
243 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
245 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
246 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
247 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
248 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
251 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
253 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
256 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
257 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
258 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
261 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
262 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
263 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
264 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
266 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
267 PL_slab_count, count));
268 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
269 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
271 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
272 perror("munmap failed");
280 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
282 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
289 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
290 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
292 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
293 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
294 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
295 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
297 : CALL_FPTR(PL_check[type])(aTHX_ (OP*)o))
299 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
302 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
304 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
305 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
306 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
310 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
312 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
318 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
320 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
325 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
327 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
332 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
334 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
335 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
339 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ const OP *o)
342 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
343 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
344 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
348 /* "register" allocation */
351 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name)
355 const bool is_our = (PL_in_my == KEY_our);
357 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
361 (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
362 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || name[2]))))
364 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
365 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
366 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%s in \"my\"",
367 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), name + 2));
369 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %s in \"my\"",name));
373 /* check for duplicate declaration */
374 pad_check_dup(name, is_our, (PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash));
376 if (PL_in_my_stash && *name != '$') {
377 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_
378 "Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in \"%s\"",
380 is_our ? "our" : PL_in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
383 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
385 off = pad_add_name(name,
388 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
389 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
393 PL_in_my == KEY_state
398 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
399 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
402 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
404 if (o->op_latefree) {
412 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
414 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
420 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
425 if (!o || o->op_static)
427 if (o->op_latefreed) {
434 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
445 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
448 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
449 we maintain for reset(). */
450 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
460 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
461 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
462 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
463 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
468 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
470 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
474 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
475 * numbers etc even after null() */
476 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_SETSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
481 if (o->op_latefree) {
487 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
494 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
499 /* if (o->op_madprop && o->op_madprop->mad_next)
501 /* FIXME for MAD - if I uncomment these two lines t/op/pack.t fails with
502 "modification of a read only value" for a reason I can't fathom why.
503 It's the "" stringification of $_, where $_ was set to '' in a foreach
504 loop, but it defies simplification into a small test case.
505 However, commenting them out has caused ext/List/Util/t/weak.t to fail
508 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
514 switch (o->op_type) {
515 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
516 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
517 o->op_type = o->op_targ;
521 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
525 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
526 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst)))
532 if (! (o->op_type == OP_AELEMFAST && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
533 /* not an OP_PADAV replacement */
535 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
536 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
537 * may still exist on the pad */
538 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
539 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
542 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
543 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
547 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
549 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
550 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
553 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
554 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
555 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
556 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
559 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
568 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
572 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
574 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
575 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
576 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
579 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
580 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
584 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
585 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
589 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
593 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
594 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
595 * exist on the pad */
596 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
599 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv);
605 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
606 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
607 /* we use the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros here
608 * since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
609 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
610 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
611 * happen before sv_clean_all
613 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE_SAFE(cPMOPo));
614 PM_SETRE_SAFE(cPMOPo, NULL);
616 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
617 av_push((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0],(SV*) PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
618 SvREADONLY_off(PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
619 SvREPADTMP_on(PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset]);
620 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset);
627 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
628 pad_free(o->op_targ);
634 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
639 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
640 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
641 Perl_refcounted_he_free(aTHX_ cop->cop_hints_hash);
645 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
651 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
652 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
653 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
655 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
656 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
661 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
662 array[i] = array[--count];
663 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
664 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
665 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
668 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
685 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
687 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
688 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
690 switch (kid->op_type) {
695 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
697 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
698 kid = kid->op_sibling;
704 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
707 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
711 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
712 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
713 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
717 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
725 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
732 /* Contextualizers */
734 #define LINKLIST(o) ((o)->op_next ? (o)->op_next : linklist((OP*)o))
737 Perl_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
744 /* establish postfix order */
745 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
748 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
751 if (kid->op_sibling) {
752 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
753 kid = kid->op_sibling;
767 Perl_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
769 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
771 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
778 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
781 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
782 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
783 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
785 if (PL_copline != NOLINE)
786 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
787 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
788 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
795 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
800 /* assumes no premature commitment */
801 if (!o || PL_error_count || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
802 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
807 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
809 switch (o->op_type) {
811 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
816 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
820 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
821 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
822 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
830 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
831 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
837 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
839 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
845 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
850 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
856 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
859 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
860 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
866 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
870 const char* useless = NULL;
874 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
876 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
878 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
881 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
882 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
883 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
889 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
890 || o->op_type == OP_SETSTATE
891 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
892 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
893 || o->op_targ == OP_SETSTATE
894 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
895 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
897 /* assumes no premature commitment */
898 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
899 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR) || PL_error_count
900 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
905 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
906 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
908 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
911 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
913 switch (o->op_type) {
915 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
919 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
923 if (o->op_private == 4)
995 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
996 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1000 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1001 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1002 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS) {
1005 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1012 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1013 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1014 useless = "a variable";
1019 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1020 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1022 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1023 useless = "a constant";
1024 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1026 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1027 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1028 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1030 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1031 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1032 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1033 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1035 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1036 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1037 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1038 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1039 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1040 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1041 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1042 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1043 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1044 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1045 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1050 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1054 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1055 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1059 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1060 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1064 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1065 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1069 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1070 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1079 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1084 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1091 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1102 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1109 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1110 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1115 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
1116 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1117 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
1121 if (useless && ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
1122 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1127 Perl_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1129 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1131 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1138 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1143 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1144 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) || PL_error_count
1145 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1150 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1151 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1153 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1156 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1158 switch (o->op_type) {
1161 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1166 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1174 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1176 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1177 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1178 return gen_constant_list(o);
1185 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1187 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
1188 if (kid->op_sibling)
1193 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1197 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1198 if (kid->op_sibling)
1203 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1206 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1207 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1214 Perl_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1218 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1220 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1221 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1224 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1225 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1229 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1231 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1232 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1233 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1236 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1241 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1243 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1245 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1251 /* Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1252 * 'type' represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1253 * would do the modifying, although local() is represented by OP_NULL.
1254 * It's responsible for detecting things that can't be modified, flag
1255 * things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context (e.g., "$$x = 5"
1256 * might have to vivify a reference in $x), and so on.
1258 * For example, "$a+1 = 2" would cause mod() to be called with o being
1259 * OP_ADD and type being OP_SASSIGN, and would output an error.
1263 Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1267 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1270 if (!o || PL_error_count)
1273 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1274 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1279 switch (o->op_type) {
1285 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1288 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1289 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1290 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1294 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1295 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1297 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1300 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1303 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PL_madskills)
1307 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN) &&
1308 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1309 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1310 /* The default is to set op_private to the number of children,
1311 which for a UNOP such as RV2CV is always 1. And w're using
1312 the bit for a flag in RV2CV, so we need it clear. */
1313 o->op_private &= ~1;
1314 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1315 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1316 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1319 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1321 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1322 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1323 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1324 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1325 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1326 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1329 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1330 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1334 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1335 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1337 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1338 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1339 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1340 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1342 while (kid->op_sibling)
1343 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1344 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1346 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1347 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1351 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1352 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1353 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1354 newop->op_first = NULL;
1355 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1356 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1357 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1358 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1362 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1364 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1365 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1366 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1367 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1368 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1372 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1373 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1374 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1375 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1377 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1378 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1379 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1380 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1381 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1383 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1384 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1385 kid->op_next = okid;
1388 okid->op_next = NULL;
1389 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1391 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1392 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1393 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1397 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1407 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1408 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN)
1410 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1411 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1413 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1414 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1416 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1430 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1439 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1446 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1452 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1453 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1454 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1458 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1460 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1464 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1465 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1471 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1474 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1479 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1494 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1495 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1496 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1497 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1499 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1500 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1504 if (!type) /* local() */
1505 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %s",
1506 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(o->op_targ));
1514 if (type != OP_SASSIGN)
1518 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1523 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1524 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1526 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1527 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1528 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1529 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1530 mod(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1535 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1536 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1537 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1538 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1539 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1540 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1550 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1551 mod(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1556 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1558 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1560 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1561 mod(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1567 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1572 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1574 break; /* mod()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1577 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1578 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1580 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1581 PL_check[o->op_type] == MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst))
1584 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1585 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1587 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
1588 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
1589 else if (!type) { /* local() */
1592 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1593 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
1594 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1599 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1600 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1601 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
1605 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
1606 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1607 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1612 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
1616 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
1640 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1659 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
1661 switch (o->op_type) {
1669 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
1682 Perl_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1684 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1686 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1693 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
1698 if (!o || PL_error_count)
1701 switch (o->op_type) {
1703 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1704 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1705 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1706 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1707 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1708 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
1709 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
1710 o->op_private &= ~1;
1715 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1716 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
1719 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1720 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1721 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1724 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1725 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1726 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1728 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1735 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1738 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1739 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1740 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1746 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1751 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1753 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
1757 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1758 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1759 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1760 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1762 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1772 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1774 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
1784 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1789 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
1790 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
1791 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
1793 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1794 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
1796 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1800 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
1802 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
1803 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1804 rop = append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
1805 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
1806 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
1813 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
1818 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
1819 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
1821 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1823 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
1824 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
1827 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
1828 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
1829 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
1830 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
1832 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
1833 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
1836 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1837 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1839 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1840 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1841 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1842 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1844 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
1850 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1853 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
1859 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
1860 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
1861 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
1863 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
1864 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
1866 /* Need package name for method call. */
1867 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
1869 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
1870 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1872 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
1873 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
1874 arg = prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1875 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1876 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1877 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
1878 mod(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
1879 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
1881 /* Fake up a method call to import */
1882 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
1883 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
1884 append_elem(OP_LIST,
1885 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
1886 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
1887 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
1889 /* Combine the ops. */
1890 *imopsp = append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
1894 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
1896 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
1897 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
1898 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
1899 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
1900 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
1901 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
1902 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
1903 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
1904 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
1905 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
1911 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
1912 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
1917 len = strlen(attrstr);
1921 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1923 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
1924 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1925 attrs = append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
1926 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1927 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
1931 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1932 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1933 NULL, prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1934 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
1935 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1936 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1942 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1947 if (!o || PL_error_count)
1951 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1952 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
1956 if (type == OP_LIST) {
1958 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1959 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
1960 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
1966 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
1968 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
1969 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
1970 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
1972 PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : PL_in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
1974 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
1976 PL_in_my_stash = NULL;
1977 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
1978 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
1979 type == OP_RV2AV ? (SV*)GvAV(gv) :
1980 type == OP_RV2HV ? (SV*)GvHV(gv) : (SV*)gv),
1983 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
1986 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
1989 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1991 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
1993 PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : PL_in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
1996 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2000 PL_in_my_stash = NULL;
2002 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2003 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2005 stash = PL_curstash;
2006 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2008 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2009 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2010 if (PL_in_my == KEY_state)
2011 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2016 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2020 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2022 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2023 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2025 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2035 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2037 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2038 o = scalar(append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)rops, (LISTOP*)o));
2039 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2042 o = append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)o, (LISTOP*)rops);
2045 PL_in_my_stash = NULL;
2050 Perl_my(pTHX_ OP *o)
2052 return my_attrs(o, NULL);
2056 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2058 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2060 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2065 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2069 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2070 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2072 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2073 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2075 const char * const desc
2076 = PL_op_desc[(rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS)
2077 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2078 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2079 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2080 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2081 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2082 desc, sample, sample);
2085 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2086 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2087 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2089 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2092 ismatchop = rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2093 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2095 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2097 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2099 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2102 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2103 if (rtype != OP_MATCH &&
2104 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2105 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL))
2106 newleft = mod(left, rtype);
2109 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS)
2110 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2112 o = prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2114 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2118 return bind_match(type, left,
2119 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2123 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2127 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2131 Perl_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2135 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2136 o = prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2137 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2138 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2140 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2142 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2143 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2144 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2145 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2148 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2149 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2151 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2156 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2162 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2165 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2166 pad_block_start(full);
2168 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2169 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2170 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2175 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2178 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2179 OP* const retval = scalarseq(seq);
2181 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2183 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2192 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
2193 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2194 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2197 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2198 o->op_targ = offset;
2204 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2210 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2211 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2212 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2213 PL_eval_start = linklist(PL_eval_root);
2214 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2215 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2216 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2217 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2220 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2221 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2223 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2226 PL_main_root = scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2227 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2228 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2229 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2230 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2231 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2232 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2235 /* Register with debugger */
2238 = Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("DB::postponed"), 0);
2242 XPUSHs((SV*)CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling));
2244 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
2251 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2254 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2255 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2256 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2263 if ( PL_bufptr > PL_oldbufptr && PL_bufptr[-1] == ','
2264 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2266 char *s = PL_bufptr;
2269 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2270 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2274 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2275 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2278 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2280 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2286 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2287 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2288 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2289 lex ? (PL_in_my == KEY_our ? "our" : PL_in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my")
2297 o = mod(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2299 PL_in_my_stash = NULL;
2304 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2306 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2308 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2309 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2315 Perl_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2320 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2325 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2326 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2329 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2331 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2332 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2334 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2335 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2336 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2337 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2338 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2340 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2343 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2348 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2349 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2360 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2361 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2366 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2368 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2369 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2370 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2372 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2374 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2380 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2381 old_next = o->op_next;
2385 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2386 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2388 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2395 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2396 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) /* grab pad temp? */
2397 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2398 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2399 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2404 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2405 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2406 sv_setpvn(ERRSV,"",0);
2407 o->op_next = old_next;
2411 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
2412 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2413 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2414 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
2415 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
2416 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
2419 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2420 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2422 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
2423 delete_eval_scope();
2432 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
2433 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, (GV*)sv);
2435 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV*)sv);
2436 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
2444 Perl_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2448 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
2452 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
2454 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
2460 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
2461 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
2463 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
2465 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
2466 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
2467 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
2468 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
2469 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in peep() */
2470 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
2471 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
2473 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
2482 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
2485 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2486 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2488 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
2490 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
2491 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2493 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2494 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2495 o->op_flags |= flags;
2497 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
2498 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2501 return fold_constants(o);
2504 /* List constructors */
2507 Perl_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2515 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
2516 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
2518 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2521 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2522 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
2524 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2525 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
2527 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
2532 Perl_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, LISTOP *first, LISTOP *last)
2540 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2541 return prepend_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2543 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2544 return append_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2546 first->op_last->op_sibling = last->op_first;
2547 first->op_last = last->op_last;
2548 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
2551 if (last->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
2552 MADPROP *mp = last->op_first->op_madprop;
2554 while (mp->mad_next)
2556 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
2559 last->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
2562 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
2563 last->op_madprop = 0;
2566 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)last);
2572 Perl_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2580 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
2581 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
2582 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
2583 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
2584 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2585 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2588 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
2589 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
2590 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2592 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
2593 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
2595 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2599 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2607 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
2610 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
2611 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
2612 tk->tk_type = 12345;
2614 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
2619 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
2621 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
2623 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
2628 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
2632 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
2633 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2634 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
2641 /* faked up qw list? */
2643 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
2644 SvPVX((SV*)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
2651 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2652 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2653 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2654 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2656 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2670 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
2671 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
2681 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2690 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2691 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2692 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2693 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2695 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2702 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2705 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2711 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2720 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2721 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2722 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2723 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2725 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2732 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2735 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2739 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
2740 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
2746 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
2764 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
2768 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
2772 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
2793 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
2795 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
2799 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
2802 Newxz(mp, 1, MADPROP);
2805 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
2806 mp->mad_type = type;
2808 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2813 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
2815 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2819 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
2820 /* if (PL_lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
2821 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
2822 switch (mp->mad_type) {
2826 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
2829 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
2830 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
2833 sv_free((SV*)mp->mad_val);
2836 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
2845 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
2847 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2851 Perl_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
2853 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2854 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2860 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2865 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
2867 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2868 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2871 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2875 else if (!first && last)
2878 first->op_sibling = last;
2879 listop->op_first = first;
2880 listop->op_last = last;
2881 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2882 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
2883 pushop->op_sibling = first;
2884 listop->op_first = pushop;
2885 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2887 listop->op_last = pushop;
2890 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
2894 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
2898 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
2899 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2900 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2901 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2903 o->op_latefreed = 0;
2907 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
2908 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2910 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
2911 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2912 return CHECKOP(type, o);
2916 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
2922 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2923 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
2924 first = force_list(first);
2926 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
2927 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2928 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2929 unop->op_first = first;
2930 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2931 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2932 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
2936 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
2940 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2944 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
2947 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
2949 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2950 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2951 binop->op_first = first;
2952 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2955 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2958 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
2959 first->op_sibling = last;
2962 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
2963 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
2966 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
2968 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
2971 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
2972 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
2973 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
2974 __attribute__pure__;
2975 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
2977 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
2979 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
2981 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
2983 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
2989 Perl_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
2992 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
2995 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
2996 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
2998 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3001 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3002 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3006 register short *tbl;
3008 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3009 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3010 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3012 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3015 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3018 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3020 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3021 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3023 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3024 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3038 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3039 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3042 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3046 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3049 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3051 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3055 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3056 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3057 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3058 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3062 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3065 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3067 transv = newSVpvs("");
3069 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3071 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3073 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3077 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3081 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3082 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3084 diff = val - nextmin;
3086 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3087 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3089 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3090 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3091 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3092 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3099 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3100 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3102 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3103 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3105 t = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff,
3106 UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER);
3107 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3108 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3109 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3113 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3114 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3117 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3118 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3120 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3124 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3125 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3126 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3127 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3129 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3131 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3138 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3139 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3141 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3143 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3145 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3154 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3158 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3159 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3160 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3167 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3168 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3170 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3171 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3173 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3177 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3178 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3181 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3182 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3184 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3185 max = rfirst + diff;
3187 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3188 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3200 else if (max > 0xff)
3205 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3206 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3208 swash = (SV*)swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none);
3210 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3211 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3212 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3215 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3217 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3218 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3220 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3221 (void)hv_store((HV*)SvRV(swash), "FINAL", 5,
3222 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3225 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3231 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3232 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3240 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3242 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3243 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3245 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3247 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3256 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3266 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3268 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
3273 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
3274 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
3275 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
3277 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
3278 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
3279 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
3283 if (!rlen && !del) {
3286 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3288 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
3289 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3291 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
3293 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
3294 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3296 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
3302 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
3303 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3310 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3312 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3313 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3323 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3328 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
3329 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3330 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3331 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3332 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3334 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
3335 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
3336 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
3337 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_LOCALE;
3341 if (av_len((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0]) > -1) {
3342 SV * const repointer = av_pop((AV*)PL_regex_pad[0]);
3343 pmop->op_pmoffset = SvIV(repointer);
3344 SvREPADTMP_off(repointer);
3345 sv_setiv(repointer,0);
3347 SV * const repointer = newSViv(0);
3348 av_push(PL_regex_padav, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(repointer));
3349 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
3350 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
3354 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
3357 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
3358 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
3359 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
3362 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
3363 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
3364 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
3365 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
3366 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
3370 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
3375 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
3379 if (o->op_type == OP_SUBST || o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3380 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
3382 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
3383 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
3384 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
3385 kid = kid->op_sibling;
3386 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
3387 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
3390 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3391 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
3393 /* convert single element list to element */
3394 OP* const oe = expr;
3395 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
3396 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
3397 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
3401 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3402 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
3405 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
3409 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3412 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3414 SV * const pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3415 const char *p = SvPV_const(pat, plen);
3416 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
3417 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && (plen == 1 && *p == ' ')) {
3418 U32 was_readonly = SvREADONLY(pat);
3422 sv_force_normal_flags(pat, 0);
3423 assert(!SvREADONLY(pat));
3426 SvREADONLY_off(pat);
3430 sv_setpvn(pat, "\\s+", 3);
3432 SvFLAGS(pat) |= was_readonly;
3434 p = SvPV_const(pat, plen);
3435 pm_flags |= RXf_SKIPWHITE;
3438 pm_flags |= RXf_UTF8;
3439 /* FIXME - can we make this function take const char * args? */
3440 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP((char*)p, (char*)p + plen, pm_flags));
3443 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
3449 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
3450 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
3452 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
3454 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3455 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
3456 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
3457 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
3458 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
3459 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
3460 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
3461 rcop->op_private = 1;
3464 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
3466 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
3469 /* establish postfix order */
3470 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
3472 rcop->op_next = expr;
3473 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3476 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
3477 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3480 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
3485 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
3487 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_multi_end)
3488 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_multi_end);
3490 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
3494 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3495 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
3496 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
3497 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
3498 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
3499 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
3501 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
3504 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
3506 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
3507 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
3508 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
3509 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
3510 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
3513 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
3514 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
3515 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
3516 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
3520 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
3521 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
3531 || PM_GETRE(pm)->extflags & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
3533 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
3534 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
3537 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
3538 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
3540 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3541 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
3542 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
3543 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
3544 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3545 rcop->op_private = 1;
3548 /* establish postfix order */
3549 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
3550 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3552 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
3553 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
3554 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
3563 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3567 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
3568 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3569 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3571 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
3572 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3573 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3575 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3576 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3577 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
3582 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3586 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
3587 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3588 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3589 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3590 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
3591 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
3594 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
3595 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3596 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3598 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3599 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3600 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
3605 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
3611 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3613 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3618 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
3622 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
3623 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3624 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3626 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
3627 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3628 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3630 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3631 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3632 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
3640 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
3643 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
3648 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
3649 save_item(PL_curstname);
3651 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
3653 /* In case mg.c:Perl_magic_setisa faked
3654 this package earlier, we clear the fake flag */
3655 HvMROMETA(PL_curstash)->fake = 0;
3657 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
3659 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3660 PL_copline = NOLINE;
3666 if (!PL_madskills) {
3671 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3672 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
3682 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
3689 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3692 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
3693 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
3696 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
3701 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
3704 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
3705 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
3712 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
3713 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be constant number");
3715 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3716 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3718 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
3719 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
3720 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3721 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3722 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
3723 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3727 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
3728 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3730 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
3731 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
3733 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
3734 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
3736 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
3742 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
3744 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3745 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3747 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
3749 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
3750 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3751 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3752 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
3753 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3756 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
3758 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
3761 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3762 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3763 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
3764 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
3765 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
3767 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
3768 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
3769 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
3770 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
3771 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
3772 * filesystems the script will stop working.
3774 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
3775 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
3776 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
3777 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
3779 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
3780 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
3781 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
3784 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3785 PL_copline = NOLINE;
3787 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
3790 if (!PL_madskills) {
3791 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
3800 =head1 Embedding Functions
3802 =for apidoc load_module
3804 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
3805 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
3806 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
3807 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
3808 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
3809 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
3810 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
3811 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
3816 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3819 va_start(args, ver);
3820 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3824 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3826 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3830 va_start(args, ver);
3831 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3837 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
3842 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
3843 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
3845 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
3849 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
3850 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
3852 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
3853 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
3858 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3860 imop = append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
3861 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3865 const line_t ocopline = PL_copline;
3866 COP * const ocurcop = PL_curcop;
3867 const int oexpect = PL_expect;
3869 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
3870 veop, modname, imop);
3871 PL_expect = oexpect;
3872 PL_copline = ocopline;
3873 PL_curcop = ocurcop;
3878 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
3884 if (!force_builtin) {
3885 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3886 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
3887 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
3888 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3892 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
3893 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
3894 append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
3895 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
3896 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
3899 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
3905 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
3907 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
3908 list(force_list(subscript)),
3909 list(force_list(listval)) );
3913 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
3921 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
3922 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
3924 flags = o->op_flags;
3926 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
3927 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3928 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
3933 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
3937 if (type == OP_LIST &&
3938 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
3939 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3942 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
3943 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
3944 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
3947 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
3950 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
3957 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
3963 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
3964 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
3965 mod(scalar(left), optype),
3966 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
3969 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
3970 mod(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
3974 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
3978 /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
3979 /* Only simple assignments like C<< ($[) = 1 >> are allowed */
3980 PL_eval_start = (left->op_type == OP_CONST) ? right : 0;
3981 left = mod(left, OP_AASSIGN);
3984 else if (left->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3986 /* Result of assignment is always 1 (or we'd be dead already) */
3987 return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
3989 curop = list(force_list(left));
3990 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
3991 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3993 /* PL_generation sorcery:
3994 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
3995 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
3996 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
3997 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
3998 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
3999 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
4000 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
4001 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
4002 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
4003 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
4004 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
4010 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4011 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4012 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4013 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4015 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4017 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4019 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4020 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4021 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4022 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4024 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
4025 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
4027 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
4030 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4032 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4033 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4034 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4035 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4036 if (lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
4039 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
4041 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
4042 GV *const gv = (GV*)PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff);
4044 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4046 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4050 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
4053 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4055 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4065 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
4068 if ( ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) || ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
4069 && (left->op_type == OP_LIST
4070 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
4072 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
4074 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4075 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4076 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4077 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4079 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4080 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
4081 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_STATE;
4082 /* hijacking PADSTALE for uninitialized state variables */
4083 SvPADSTALE_on(PAD_SVl(lop->op_targ));
4085 else { /* we already checked for WARN_MISC before */
4086 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "State variable %s will be reinitialized",
4087 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(lop->op_targ));
4091 lop = lop->op_sibling;
4094 else if (((left->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpPAD_STATE))
4095 == (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpPAD_STATE))
4096 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
4097 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
4098 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
4099 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
4101 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_STATE;
4102 /* hijacking PADSTALE for uninitialized state variables */
4103 SvPADSTALE_on(PAD_SVl(left->op_targ));
4106 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT) {
4107 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
4108 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
4109 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
4110 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
4111 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
4112 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
4114 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
4115 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
4117 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4119 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4123 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4124 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
4125 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
4127 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4128 = (GV*)cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv;
4129 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
4131 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
4132 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
4133 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
4134 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
4135 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
4137 op_getmad(o,right,'R'); /* blow off assign */
4139 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
4141 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
4142 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
4147 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
4148 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
4150 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
4152 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
4160 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
4161 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
4162 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
4163 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN), scalar(right));
4166 PL_eval_start = right; /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
4167 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
4168 scalar(right), mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
4174 o = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(CopARYBASE_get(&PL_compiling)));
4175 o->op_private |= OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4182 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
4185 const U32 seq = intro_my();
4188 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
4189 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4190 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
4191 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
4194 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
4195 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
4197 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4198 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
4200 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
4202 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
4203 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
4206 CopLABEL_set(cop, label);
4207 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4210 /* CopARYBASE is now "virtual", in that it's stored as a flag bit in
4211 CopHINTS and a possible value in cop_hints_hash, so no need to copy it.
4213 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
4214 cop->cop_hints_hash = PL_curcop->cop_hints_hash;
4215 if (cop->cop_hints_hash) {
4217 cop->cop_hints_hash->refcounted_he_refcnt++;
4218 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
4221 if (PL_copline == NOLINE)
4222 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
4224 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_copline);
4225 PL_copline = NOLINE;
4228 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
4230 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
4232 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
4234 if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4235 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
4237 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
4238 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
4239 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
4240 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
4245 return prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
4250 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
4253 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
4257 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
4262 OP *first = *firstp;
4263 OP * const other = *otherp;
4265 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
4266 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
4268 scalarboolean(first);
4269 /* optimize "!a && b" to "a || b", and "!a || b" to "a && b" */
4270 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
4271 && (first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4272 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
4273 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
4279 first = *firstp = cUNOPo->op_first;
4281 first->op_next = o->op_next;
4282 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
4284 op_getmad(o,first,'O');
4290 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4291 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
4292 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4293 else if ((first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE) && ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD))
4294 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
4295 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4296 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4297 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv))) {
4299 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
4300 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4302 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
4303 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
4304 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4311 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
4312 const OP *o2 = other;
4313 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
4314 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
4315 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
4316 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
4319 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
4320 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
4321 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
4322 && ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED))
4324 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
4325 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
4329 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
4330 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4332 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
4333 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
4334 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4341 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
4342 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
4344 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
4345 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
4347 switch (first->op_type)
4350 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4351 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4352 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4354 warnop = k2->op_type;
4359 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4360 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4361 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4362 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
4364 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
4365 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
4370 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
4371 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_copline);
4372 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4373 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
4375 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
4376 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
4377 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4384 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
4385 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
4387 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4389 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4390 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4391 logop->op_first = first;
4392 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4393 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
4394 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4396 /* establish postfix order */
4397 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
4398 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4399 first->op_sibling = other;
4401 CHECKOP(type,logop);
4403 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4410 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
4418 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
4420 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
4422 scalarboolean(first);
4423 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4424 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
4425 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv);
4426 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
4427 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
4428 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
4429 first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
4430 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4433 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
4434 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
4435 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
4436 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
4443 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4444 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
4445 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
4446 logop->op_first = first;
4447 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4448 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4449 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
4450 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
4452 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
4455 /* establish postfix order */
4456 start = LINKLIST(first);
4457 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4459 first->op_sibling = trueop;
4460 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
4461 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4463 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
4470 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
4479 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
4481 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
4482 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
4483 range->op_first = left;
4484 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
4485 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
4486 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
4487 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4489 left->op_sibling = right;
4491 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
4492 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
4493 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
4494 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
4496 range->op_next = leftstart;
4498 left->op_next = flip;
4499 right->op_next = flop;
4501 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4502 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4503 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4504 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4506 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4507 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4510 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
4511 linklist(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
4517 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
4522 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
4523 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
4525 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4528 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
4529 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
4530 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4531 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4532 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4533 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4534 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4535 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4536 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4537 switch (expr->op_type) {
4539 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4540 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4541 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4542 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4546 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4547 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4548 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4549 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4550 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4556 /* if block is null, the next append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
4557 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
4559 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4560 listop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
4561 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4564 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
4566 if (once && o != listop)
4567 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
4570 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
4572 o->op_flags |= flags;
4574 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
4579 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32
4580 whileline, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
4589 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4592 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4593 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4594 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4595 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4596 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4597 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4598 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4599 switch (expr->op_type) {
4601 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4602 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4603 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4604 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4608 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4609 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4610 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4611 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4612 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4619 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4620 else if (cont || has_my) {
4621 block = scope(block);
4625 next = LINKLIST(cont);
4628 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
4631 cont = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
4635 listop = append_list(OP_LINESEQ, (LISTOP*)block, (LISTOP*)cont);
4637 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
4640 PL_copline = (line_t)whileline;
4642 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4643 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
4644 op_free(expr); /* oops, it's a while (0) */
4646 return NULL; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
4649 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
4650 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
4656 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
4657 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
4658 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
4659 loop->op_private = 0;
4660 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
4663 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
4665 loop->op_redoop = redo;
4666 loop->op_lastop = o;
4667 o->op_private |= loopflags;
4670 loop->op_nextop = next;
4672 loop->op_nextop = o;
4674 o->op_flags |= flags;
4675 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
4680 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, line_t forline, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
4685 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
4691 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
4692 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
4693 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
4694 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
4696 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
4697 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
4698 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
4699 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
4702 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
4703 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
4704 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4706 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
4707 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
4708 padoff = sv->op_targ;
4718 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
4720 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
4722 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
4724 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
4725 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4729 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
4730 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
4731 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
4736 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4738 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
4739 expr = mod(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
4740 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
4742 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
4743 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
4744 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
4746 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
4747 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
4748 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_iterinit'.
4750 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
4751 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
4752 OP* const left = range->op_first;
4753 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
4756 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
4757 range->op_first = NULL;
4759 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
4760 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
4761 left->op_next = range->op_other;
4762 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
4763 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
4766 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');
4770 expr = (OP*)(listop);
4772 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
4775 expr = mod(force_list(expr), OP_GREPSTART);
4778 loop = (LOOP*)list(convert(OP_ENTERITER, iterflags,
4779 append_elem(OP_LIST, expr, scalar(sv))));
4780 assert(!loop->op_next);
4781 /* for my $x () sets OPpLVAL_INTRO;
4782 * for our $x () sets OPpOUR_INTRO */
4783 loop->op_private = (U8)iterpflags;
4784 #ifdef PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC
4787 NewOp(1234,tmp,1,LOOP);
4788 Copy(loop,tmp,1,LISTOP);
4789 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)loop);
4793 loop = (LOOP*)PerlMemShared_realloc(loop, sizeof(LOOP));
4795 loop->op_targ = padoff;
4796 wop = newWHILEOP(flags, 1, loop, forline, newOP(OP_ITER, 0), block, cont, 0);
4798 op_getmad(madsv, (OP*)loop, 'v');
4799 PL_copline = forline;
4800 return newSTATEOP(0, label, wop);
4804 Perl_newLOOPEX(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *label)
4809 if (type != OP_GOTO || label->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4810 /* "last()" means "last" */
4811 if (label->op_type == OP_STUB && (label->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
4812 o = newOP(type, OPf_SPECIAL);
4814 o = newPVOP(type, 0, savesharedpv(label->op_type == OP_CONST
4815 ? SvPVx_nolen_const(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv)
4819 op_getmad(label,o,'L');
4825 /* Check whether it's going to be a goto &function */
4826 if (label->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB