3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strEQs(GvNAME(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strEQs(hvname, "CORE")
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1007 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1009 const char * const origname = name;
1010 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1011 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1014 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1015 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1016 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1017 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1019 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1021 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1024 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1025 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1026 the error reporting code. */
1030 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1031 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1034 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1035 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1036 * if none was found.
1038 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1041 const char *name_cursor = name;
1042 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1043 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1044 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1045 last_separator = name_cursor;
1046 name = name_cursor + 1;
1048 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1049 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1050 name = name_cursor + 1;
1055 /* did we find a separator? */
1056 if (last_separator) {
1057 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1058 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1059 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1060 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1062 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1063 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1065 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1066 strEQs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1067 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1068 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1069 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1072 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1073 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1078 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1080 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1081 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1082 import/unimport subroutine */
1083 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1084 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1086 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1087 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1089 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1090 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1093 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1094 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1095 * require it first instead of croaking */
1096 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1097 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1098 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1099 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1100 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1102 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1103 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1108 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1109 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1110 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1111 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1116 if (last_separator) {
1117 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1118 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1120 packnamesv = error_report;
1124 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1125 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1126 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1127 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1128 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1132 else if (autoload) {
1133 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1134 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1138 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1142 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1145 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1146 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1147 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1148 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1158 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1162 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1163 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1166 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1170 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1173 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1177 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1184 SV *packname = NULL;
1185 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1187 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1189 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1192 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1193 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1194 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1195 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1196 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1200 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1201 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1203 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1204 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1208 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1212 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1215 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1216 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1218 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1219 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1220 "::%" UTF8f "() is deprecated",
1222 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1225 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1226 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1227 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1229 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1230 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1231 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1232 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1233 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1236 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1237 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1238 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1239 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1240 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1241 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1242 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1244 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1245 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1247 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1248 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1249 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1251 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1254 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1255 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1256 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1258 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1260 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1261 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1263 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1264 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1268 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1272 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1278 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1279 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1280 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1281 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1283 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1284 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1288 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1289 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1290 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1294 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1295 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1296 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1297 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1298 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1299 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1300 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1303 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1311 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1312 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1313 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1314 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1316 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1317 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1318 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1319 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1320 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1321 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1324 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1325 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1327 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1329 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1331 /* If it is not tied */
1332 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1334 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1342 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)
1344 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1345 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1346 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1348 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1349 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1352 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1353 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1354 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1356 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1357 type, varname, name);
1358 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1359 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1360 type, varname, name);
1362 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1363 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1367 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1372 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1373 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1374 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1376 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1377 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1380 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1382 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1383 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1389 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1391 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1392 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1396 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1398 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1399 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1400 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1401 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1402 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1405 Flags may be one of:
1414 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1416 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1417 recommended for performance reasons.
1423 gv_stashpvn_internal
1425 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1426 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1430 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1431 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1437 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1439 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1441 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1444 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1445 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1446 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1447 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1448 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1449 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1451 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1453 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1454 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1456 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1457 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1459 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1460 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1461 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1462 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1463 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1469 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1471 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1472 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1474 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1476 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1478 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1482 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1483 assert(namesv || name)
1485 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1486 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1491 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1493 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1494 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1495 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1498 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1499 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1502 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1504 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1506 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1508 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1511 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1513 if (stash && namelen) {
1514 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1515 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1516 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1523 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1526 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1530 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1532 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1535 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1542 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1545 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1550 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1551 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1552 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1556 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1558 const char * const nambeg =
1559 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1560 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1561 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1564 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1565 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1573 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1577 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1578 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1580 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1581 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1583 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1584 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1585 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1586 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1588 const char *name_cursor;
1589 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1590 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1592 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1594 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1595 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1599 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1600 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1601 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1602 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1605 *stash = PL_defstash;
1606 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1609 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1610 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1613 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1619 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1620 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1621 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1622 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1625 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1626 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1627 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1628 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1629 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1635 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1638 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1639 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1640 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1641 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1642 && strEQs(*name, "CORE"))
1643 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1646 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1648 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1649 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1650 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1651 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1654 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1655 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1658 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1660 *name = name_cursor+1;
1661 if (*name == name_end) {
1663 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1668 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1672 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1673 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1674 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1676 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1678 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1679 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1680 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1681 * like INC or STDOUT.
1689 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1690 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1691 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1695 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1700 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1701 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1705 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1706 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1707 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1711 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1712 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1718 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1726 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1727 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1728 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1730 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1731 * which might happen during global destruction.
1733 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1734 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1735 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1736 const svtype sv_type)
1738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1740 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1742 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1743 *stash = PL_defstash;
1746 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1747 *stash = PL_curstash;
1748 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1749 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1750 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1751 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1752 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1753 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1754 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1756 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1757 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1758 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1762 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1763 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1764 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1766 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1768 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1769 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1770 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1771 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1772 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1775 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1776 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1777 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1784 /* Use the current op's stash */
1785 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1790 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1792 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1793 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1794 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1795 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1796 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1797 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1798 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1799 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1800 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1801 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1802 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1803 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1804 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1805 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1806 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1807 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1809 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1811 /* symbol table under destruction */
1820 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1826 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1827 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1829 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1830 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1832 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1834 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1835 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1836 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1839 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1840 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1842 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1843 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1844 const svtype sv_type)
1848 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1850 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1851 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1852 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1853 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1858 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1859 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1860 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1861 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1862 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1867 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1868 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1871 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1875 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1876 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1881 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1890 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1891 /* Avoid null warning: */
1892 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1893 if (strEQs(stashname, "CORE"))
1894 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1901 /* Nothing else to do.
1902 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1903 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1904 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1905 platforms, we can't just do:
1906 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1907 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1908 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1909 would make them larger than 'V')
1916 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1917 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1919 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1925 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1926 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1927 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1928 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1929 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1934 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1935 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1939 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1942 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1943 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1944 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1945 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1947 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1948 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1949 use didn't clean up fully because
1950 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1951 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1952 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1953 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1954 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1955 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1956 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1957 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1961 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1962 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1963 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1965 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1970 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1973 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1974 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1976 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
1977 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
1978 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1981 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1984 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1985 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
1987 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
1988 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
1989 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1990 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
1993 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1994 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
1997 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1998 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2001 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2002 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2005 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2006 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2007 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2011 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2012 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2015 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2016 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2017 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2020 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2021 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2025 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2026 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2029 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2030 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2032 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2034 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2037 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2038 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2041 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2055 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2058 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2060 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2061 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2067 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2068 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2071 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2074 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2077 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2079 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2081 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2082 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2083 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2084 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2086 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2090 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2091 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2104 paren = *name - '0';
2107 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2108 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2109 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2113 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2117 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2118 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2124 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2126 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2128 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2129 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2130 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2133 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2134 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2135 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2137 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2139 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2142 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2143 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2146 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2147 const UV uv = (UV)*name;
2149 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)uv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2155 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2156 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2157 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2158 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2160 case '\010': /* $^H */
2162 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2163 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2167 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2168 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2169 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2171 else goto magicalize;
2173 case '\023': /* $^S */
2175 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2191 case '\001': /* $^A */
2192 case '\003': /* $^C */
2193 case '\004': /* $^D */
2194 case '\005': /* $^E */
2195 case '\006': /* $^F */
2196 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2197 case '\016': /* $^N */
2198 case '\017': /* $^O */
2199 case '\020': /* $^P */
2200 case '\024': /* $^T */
2201 case '\027': /* $^W */
2203 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2206 case '\014': /* $^L */
2207 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2210 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2214 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2215 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2216 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2217 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2218 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2222 case '\026': /* $^V */
2224 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2225 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2226 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2232 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2238 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2239 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2241 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2246 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2247 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2248 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2250 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2251 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2252 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2253 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2256 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2257 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2261 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2263 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2264 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2265 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2266 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2267 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2268 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2269 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2271 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2274 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2277 require_tie_mod_s(gv,'[',"arybase",0);
2279 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2281 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2285 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2289 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2298 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2299 const svtype sv_type)
2301 const char *name = nambeg;
2306 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2307 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2308 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2309 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2310 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2311 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2314 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2316 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2317 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2318 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2319 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2321 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2324 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2325 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2331 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2335 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2336 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2337 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2338 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2341 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2342 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2345 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2346 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2347 * anything else with it before that.
2350 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2351 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2352 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2353 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2354 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2355 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2356 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2359 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2360 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2361 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2362 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2363 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2364 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2365 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2367 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2368 && strEQs(name, "ISA")
2369 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2370 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2373 } else if (no_init) {
2377 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2378 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2379 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2380 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2383 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2388 /* Adding a new symbol.
2389 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2390 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2392 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2393 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2395 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2397 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2398 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2399 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2400 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2401 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2403 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2406 /* set up magic where warranted */
2407 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2410 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2411 * stored in the symtab.
2412 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2413 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2415 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2419 /* The temporary GV created above */
2420 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2424 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2429 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2432 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2434 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2436 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2438 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2439 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2440 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2441 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2445 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2446 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2450 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2452 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2454 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2456 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2460 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2461 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2465 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2469 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2474 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2476 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2478 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2479 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2480 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2483 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2484 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2486 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2487 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2489 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2491 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2493 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2495 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2496 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2498 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2499 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2502 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2504 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2506 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2507 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2509 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2510 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2511 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2512 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2513 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2516 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2521 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2523 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2524 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2526 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2527 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2532 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2535 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2542 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2543 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2544 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2545 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2554 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2559 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2561 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2562 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2563 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2564 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2567 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2569 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2577 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2579 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2580 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2581 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2582 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2583 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2584 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2585 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2587 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2596 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2600 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2601 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2602 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2603 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2604 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2605 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2606 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2607 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2608 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2612 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2613 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2614 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2615 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2616 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2617 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2618 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2619 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2620 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2621 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2626 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2629 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2635 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2637 if (--attempts == 0) {
2639 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2640 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2645 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2646 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2652 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2654 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2655 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2657 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2659 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2661 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2662 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2664 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2665 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2672 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2674 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2675 * 0 if there is no overload
2676 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2680 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2682 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2684 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2687 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2689 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2691 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2692 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2693 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2695 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2698 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2701 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2702 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2708 bool deref_seen = 0;
2711 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2713 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2714 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2715 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2720 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2723 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2725 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2728 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2729 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2730 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2731 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2732 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2733 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2740 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2741 /* initially assume the worst */
2742 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2744 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2745 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2746 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2747 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2748 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2750 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2751 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2752 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2753 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2754 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2755 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2756 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2757 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2758 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2759 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2761 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2762 const HEK * const gvhek =
2763 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2764 const HEK * const stashek =
2765 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2766 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2767 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2768 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2769 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2770 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2771 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2773 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2775 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2776 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2777 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2778 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2779 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2781 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2786 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2788 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2789 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2790 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2791 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2792 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2793 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2801 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2803 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2804 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2805 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2807 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2808 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2811 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2827 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2828 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2829 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2830 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2833 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2834 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2835 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2839 /* Here we have no table: */
2841 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2842 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2843 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2849 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2854 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2856 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2859 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2860 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2862 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2865 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2867 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2870 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2871 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2873 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2874 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2875 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2876 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2877 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2878 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2879 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2880 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2892 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2893 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2895 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2897 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2901 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2904 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2908 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2909 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2910 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2912 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2917 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2918 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2928 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2934 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2935 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2938 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2940 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2941 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2945 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2947 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2948 SV* const right = TOPs;
2954 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2955 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2956 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2957 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2959 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2966 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2967 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2977 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2978 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2980 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2983 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2984 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2986 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2989 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2991 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2993 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2999 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3003 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3007 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3008 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3009 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3010 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3013 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3014 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3016 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3017 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3018 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3025 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3029 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3031 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3033 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3035 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3036 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3038 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3039 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3040 * masked by overloading.pm */
3042 const int offset = method / 8;
3043 const int bit = method % 8;
3044 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3046 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3047 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3054 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3059 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3060 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3061 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3062 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3063 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3064 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3065 int use_default_op = 0;
3066 int force_scalar = 0;
3072 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3074 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3075 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3078 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3079 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3080 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3081 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3082 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3084 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3085 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3091 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3092 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3094 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3097 /* look for substituted methods */
3098 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3102 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3103 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3104 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3109 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3110 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3111 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3115 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3118 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3121 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3124 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3125 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3126 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3133 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3136 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3137 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3139 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3140 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3142 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3143 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3144 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3145 delegate to the stash. */
3146 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3152 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3153 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3154 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3156 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3157 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3158 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3160 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3161 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3162 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3165 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3176 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3178 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3183 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3184 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3187 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3195 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3200 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3201 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3202 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3203 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3204 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3205 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3207 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3210 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3211 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3212 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3213 /* We look for substitution for
3214 * comparison operations and
3216 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3217 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3218 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3240 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3244 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3254 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3262 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3264 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3265 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3266 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3267 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3268 } else if ((use_default_op =
3269 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3270 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3272 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3276 if (off==-1) off=method;
3277 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3278 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3279 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3280 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3282 "in overloaded package ":
3283 "has no overloaded magic",
3285 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3288 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3291 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3293 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3294 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3295 if (use_default_op) {
3296 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3298 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3302 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3307 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3308 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3309 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3310 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3316 if (off == subtr_amg)
3319 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3320 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3321 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3322 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3342 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3346 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3347 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3348 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3356 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3357 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3358 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3368 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3369 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3371 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3373 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3374 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3375 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3376 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3377 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3378 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3379 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3380 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3383 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3384 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3385 * version of copy operator
3387 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3388 * a) Assignment form was called.
3389 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3390 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3391 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3392 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3393 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3395 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3396 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3398 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3399 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3402 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3403 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3405 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3406 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3409 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3410 * information by hand */
3411 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3413 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3414 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3416 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3424 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3426 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3429 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3430 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3431 myop.op_next = NULL;
3432 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3436 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3439 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3440 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3445 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3449 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3452 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3453 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3454 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3455 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3457 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3458 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3459 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3460 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3462 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3463 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3465 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3466 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3467 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3469 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3473 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3477 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3481 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3482 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3485 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3488 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3489 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3490 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3492 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3504 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3511 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3514 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3517 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3520 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3523 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3526 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3529 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3531 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3536 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3538 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3540 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3548 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3556 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3558 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3559 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3562 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3563 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3567 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3569 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3570 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3571 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3572 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3573 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3574 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3575 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3577 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3579 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3580 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3581 more compactly represents the same thing.
3587 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3595 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3597 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3599 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3600 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3601 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3602 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3603 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3604 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3606 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3608 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3610 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3611 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3613 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3614 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3620 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3621 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3622 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3623 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3624 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3625 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3626 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3627 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3628 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3630 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3631 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3635 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3637 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3638 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3639 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3640 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3645 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3647 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3649 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3650 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3651 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3652 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3653 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3654 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3655 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3658 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3664 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3667 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3672 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: