3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
23 * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
24 * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
25 * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
26 * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
28 * MAD defined if compiling madly.c
29 * DO_MAD(A) expands to A under madly.c, to null otherwise
30 * IF_MAD(a,b) expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
31 * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
32 * TOKEN_FREE() similarly
33 * OP_GETMAD() similarly
34 * IVAL(i) expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
35 * PVAL(p) expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
37 * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
38 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
39 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
41 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
42 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
46 /* Make the parser re-entrant. */
50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important? */
55 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
56 must always be 1st union member) */
60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMEXPR GRAMBLOCK GRAMBARESTMT GRAMFULLSTMT GRAMSTMTSEQ
74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';' '=' '.'
76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
77 %token <opval> FUNC0OP FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY REQUIRE
88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR FORMLBRACK FORMRBRACK
90 %type <ival> grammar remember mremember
91 %type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
92 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
95 %type <opval> stmtseq fullstmt labfullstmt barestmt block mblock else
96 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
97 %type <opval> listexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
98 %type <opval> optlistexpr optexpr indirob listop method
99 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar formblock
100 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
101 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
102 %type <opval> formstmtseq formline formarg
104 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
107 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
108 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
109 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
110 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
112 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
113 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
114 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
115 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
116 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
117 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
118 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
121 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
123 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
126 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
127 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
128 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
129 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
130 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
131 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
139 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
142 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
146 newPROG(block_end($3,$4));
151 parser->expect = XTERM;
160 parser->expect = XBLOCK;
164 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
168 parser->yychar = YYEOF;
172 parser->expect = XSTATE;
176 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
180 parser->yychar = YYEOF;
184 parser->expect = XSTATE;
188 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
192 parser->yychar = YYEOF;
196 parser->expect = XSTATE;
205 /* An ordinary block */
206 block : '{' remember stmtseq '}'
207 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
208 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
209 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
210 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
211 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
216 formblock: '=' remember ';' FORMRBRACK formstmtseq ';' '.'
217 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
218 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
219 $$ = block_end($2, $5);
220 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
221 TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'}');
225 remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
226 { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
229 mblock : '{' mremember stmtseq '}'
230 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
231 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
232 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
233 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
234 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
238 mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
239 { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
242 /* A sequence of statements in the program */
246 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
247 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
249 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
253 /* A sequence of format lines */
254 formstmtseq: /* NULL */
256 | formstmtseq formline
257 { $$ = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, $1, $2);
258 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
260 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
264 /* A statement in the program, including optional labels */
268 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, $1);
270 $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), NULL);
277 labfullstmt: LABEL barestmt
279 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8
280 * PVAL($1)[strlen(PVAL($1))+1],
283 $2 ? cLISTOPx($$)->op_first : $$, 'L');
287 $$ = newSTATEOP(SVf_UTF8
288 * PVAL($1)[strlen(PVAL($1))+1],
290 TOKEN_GETMAD($1, cLISTOPx($$)->op_first, 'L');
294 /* A bare statement, lacking label and other aspects of state op */
299 $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
300 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
302 | FORMAT startformsub formname formblock
304 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
306 $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
307 prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
314 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvEVAL(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
315 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
316 pad_add_anon(fmtcv, OP_NULL);
319 | SUB subname startsub
321 if ($2->op_type == OP_CONST) {
322 const char *const name =
323 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$2)->op_sv);
324 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
325 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
326 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
327 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
330 /* State subs inside anonymous subs need to be
331 clonable themselves. */
332 if (CvANON(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
333 || CvCLONE(CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv))
334 || !PadnameIsSTATE(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(
337 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
338 PL_parser->in_my = 0;
339 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
341 proto subattrlist subbody
343 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
346 OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
349 $2->op_type == OP_CONST
350 ? newATTRSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
351 : newMYSUB($3, $2, $5, $6, $7)
354 $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
356 op_getmad($2,$$,'n');
357 op_getmad($5,$$,'s');
358 op_getmad($6,$$,'a');
359 token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
360 append_madprops($7->op_madprop, $$, 0);
369 | PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
373 token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
376 token_getmad($4,$$,';');
385 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
386 WORD WORD optlistexpr ';'
388 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
390 $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
391 token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
392 token_getmad($7,$$,';');
393 if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
394 AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
395 append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
397 utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
401 | IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
404 newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
405 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
406 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
407 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
408 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
410 | UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
413 newCONDOP(0, $4, op_scope($6), $7));
414 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
415 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
416 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
417 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
419 | GIVEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
421 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
423 newGIVENOP($4, op_scope($6),
425 || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)
428 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
430 | WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
431 { $$ = block_end($3, newWHENOP($4, op_scope($6))); }
433 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, op_scope($2)); }
434 | WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
437 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
439 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
440 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
441 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
442 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
444 | UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
447 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
449 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
450 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
451 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
452 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
454 | FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
457 OP *initop = IF_MAD($4 ? $4 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0), $4);
458 OP *forop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
459 scalar($6), $11, $9, $8);
461 forop = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, initop,
462 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
463 newOP(OP_UNSTACK, OPf_SPECIAL),
466 DO_MAD({ forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, forop); })
467 $$ = block_end($3, forop);
468 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'3');
469 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
470 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'1');
471 TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,'2');
472 TOKEN_GETMAD($10,$$,')');
473 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
475 | FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
477 $$ = block_end($3, newFOROP(0, $4, $6, $8, $9));
478 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
479 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'d');
480 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'(');
481 TOKEN_GETMAD($7,$$,')');
482 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
484 | FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
486 $$ = block_end($4, newFOROP(0,
487 op_lvalue($2, OP_ENTERLOOP), $5, $7, $8));
488 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
489 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
490 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
491 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
493 | FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
496 newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $4, $6, $7));
497 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'W');
498 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
499 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
500 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
504 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
505 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
506 (OP*)NULL, $1, $2, 0);
508 | PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
517 /* a block is a loop that happens once */
518 $$ = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
519 (OP*)NULL, block_end($5, $7), (OP*)NULL, 0);
520 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
521 TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
522 if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
523 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
527 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
529 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
533 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
534 $$ = IF_MAD(newOP(OP_NULL, 0), (OP*)NULL);
535 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
536 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
541 formline: THING formarg
545 DO_MAD(term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term));
546 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
550 OP *op = newNULLLIST();
551 list = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
556 if (PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
557 PL_parser->copline = CopLINE(PL_curcop)-1;
558 else PL_parser->copline--;
559 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
560 convert(OP_FORMLINE, 0, list));
566 | FORMLBRACK stmtseq FORMRBRACK
567 { $$ = op_unscope($2); }
570 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
576 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
577 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
580 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
581 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
584 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
585 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
588 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
589 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
592 { $$ = newFOROP(0, (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
593 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
594 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
597 { $$ = newWHENOP($3, op_scope($1)); }
600 /* else and elsif blocks */
605 ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
607 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
609 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
610 { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
612 newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3),
614 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
615 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
616 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
617 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
621 /* Continue blocks */
627 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
631 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
633 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
634 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
637 /* Normal expression */
643 /* Boolean expression */
644 texpr : /* NULL means true */
646 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
647 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
651 /* Inverted boolean expression */
653 { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
656 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
658 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
662 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
666 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
669 formname: WORD { $$ = $1; }
670 | /* NULL */ { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
673 startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
674 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
675 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
679 startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
680 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
681 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
684 startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
685 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
686 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
689 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
694 /* Subroutine prototype */
700 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
701 subattrlist: /* NULL */
705 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
712 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
716 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
717 myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
719 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
726 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
730 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
731 subbody : block { $$ = $1; }
736 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
737 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
741 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
742 expr : expr ANDOP expr
743 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
744 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
747 { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
748 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
751 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
752 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
754 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
757 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
758 listexpr: listexpr ','
761 OP* op = newNULLLIST();
762 token_getmad($2,op,',');
763 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
772 term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
773 token_getmad($2,term,',');
775 $$ = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
777 | term %prec PREC_LOW
781 listop : LSTOP indirob listexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
782 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
783 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
784 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
786 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
787 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
788 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
789 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
790 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
791 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
793 | term ARROW method '(' optexpr ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
794 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
795 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
796 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
797 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
798 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
799 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
800 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
802 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
803 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
804 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
805 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
806 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
808 | METHOD indirob optlistexpr /* new Class @args */
809 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
810 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
811 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
812 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
814 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' optexpr ')' /* method $object (@args) */
815 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
816 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
817 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
818 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
819 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
820 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
822 | LSTOP optlistexpr /* print @args */
823 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
824 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
826 | FUNC '(' optexpr ')' /* print (@args) */
827 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
828 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
829 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
830 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
832 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
833 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
834 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
835 optlistexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
836 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
837 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
838 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
842 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
847 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
848 subscripted: star '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
849 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
850 * provided by the tokeniser */
851 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
852 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
853 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
854 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
855 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
857 | scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
858 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
859 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
860 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
862 | term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
863 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
864 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
866 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
867 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
868 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
870 | subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
871 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
872 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
874 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
875 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
877 | scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo{bar();} */
878 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
879 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
880 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
881 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
882 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
884 | term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
885 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
886 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
888 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
889 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
890 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
891 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
892 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
894 | subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
895 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
896 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
898 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
899 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
900 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
901 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
903 | term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
904 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
905 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
906 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
907 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
908 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
910 | term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
911 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
912 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
913 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
914 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
915 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
916 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
919 | subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
920 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
921 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
922 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
923 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
924 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
926 | subscripted '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
927 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
928 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
929 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
930 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
932 | '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']' /* list slice */
933 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
934 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
935 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
936 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
937 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
939 | QWLIST '[' expr ']' /* list literal slice */
940 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
941 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
942 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
944 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
945 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
946 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
947 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
948 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
949 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
953 /* Binary operators between terms */
954 termbinop: term ASSIGNOP term /* $x = $y */
955 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
956 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
958 | term POWOP term /* $x ** $y */
959 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
960 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
962 | term MULOP term /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
963 { if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
965 $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
966 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
968 | term ADDOP term /* $x + $y */
969 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
970 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
972 | term SHIFTOP term /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
973 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
974 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
976 | term RELOP term /* $x > $y, etc. */
977 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
978 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
980 | term EQOP term /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
981 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
982 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
984 | term BITANDOP term /* $x & $y */
985 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
986 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
988 | term BITOROP term /* $x | $y */
989 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
990 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
992 | term DOTDOT term /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
994 $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
998 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
999 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
1000 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
1001 token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
1004 | term ANDAND term /* $x && $y */
1005 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
1006 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1008 | term OROR term /* $x || $y */
1009 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
1010 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1012 | term DORDOR term /* $x // $y */
1013 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
1014 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1016 | term MATCHOP term /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1017 { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
1019 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
1020 ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
1025 /* Unary operators and terms */
1026 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
1027 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
1028 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1030 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
1032 newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
1035 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
1037 | '!' term /* !$x */
1038 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1039 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1041 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1042 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
1043 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1045 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1046 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1047 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
1048 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1050 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1051 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1052 op_lvalue(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
1053 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1055 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1056 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1057 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1058 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1060 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1061 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1062 op_lvalue(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1063 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1068 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1069 anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1070 { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1071 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1072 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1075 { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1076 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1077 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1079 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1080 { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1081 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1082 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1083 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1085 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1086 { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1087 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1088 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1089 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1091 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block %prec '('
1092 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1093 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1094 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1095 OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1096 OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1101 /* Things called with "do" */
1102 termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1103 { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1104 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1106 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1107 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, op_scope($2));
1108 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1110 | DO subname '(' ')' /* do somesub() */
1111 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1112 OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1113 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1115 (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1117 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1118 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1119 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1120 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1122 | DO subname '(' expr ')' /* do somesub(@args) */
1123 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1124 OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1125 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
1128 (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1131 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1132 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1133 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1135 | DO scalar '(' ')' /* do $subref () */
1136 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1137 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1138 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1139 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1140 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1141 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1143 | DO scalar '(' expr ')' /* do $subref (@args) */
1144 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1145 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1147 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1148 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1149 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1150 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1159 | term '?' term ':' term
1160 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1161 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1162 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1164 | REFGEN term /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1165 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue($2,OP_REFGEN));
1166 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1168 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1170 | LOCAL term %prec UNIOP
1171 { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1172 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1175 { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1176 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1177 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1180 { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1182 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1183 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1184 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1194 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1195 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1198 | ary '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1199 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1200 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1201 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1203 ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1204 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1205 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1207 | ary '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1208 { $$ = op_prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1209 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1210 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1212 ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1213 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1214 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1215 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1216 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1221 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1222 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() or foo() */
1223 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1224 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1225 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1227 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) or foo(@args) */
1229 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1230 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1233 if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1234 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1236 token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1237 token_getmad($4,op,')');
1240 | NOAMP subname optlistexpr /* foo @args (no parens) */
1241 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1242 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1243 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1245 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1246 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1247 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1248 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1251 { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1252 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1254 | NOTOP listexpr /* not $foo */
1255 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1256 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1258 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1259 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1260 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1262 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1263 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1264 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1266 | UNIOP term /* Unary op */
1267 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1268 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1270 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1271 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1272 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1274 | REQUIRE term /* require Foo */
1275 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1276 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1279 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1280 | UNIOPSUB term /* Sub treated as unop */
1281 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1282 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1283 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1284 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1285 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1288 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1289 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1290 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1291 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1293 | FUNC0OP /* Same as above, but op created in toke.c */
1297 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1298 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1300 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1301 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1303 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1304 { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1305 ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1306 : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1308 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1309 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1310 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1312 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1313 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1314 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1315 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1316 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1318 | PMFUNC /* m//, s///, qr//, tr/// */
1320 if ( $1->op_type != OP_TRANS
1321 && $1->op_type != OP_TRANSR
1322 && (((PMOP*)$1)->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV))
1324 $<ival>$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
1325 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
1330 { $$ = pmruntime($1, $4, 1, $<ival>2);
1331 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1332 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1338 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1339 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1340 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1345 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1346 myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1347 { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1349 token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1350 append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1355 { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1356 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1360 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1361 myterm : '(' expr ')'
1362 { $$ = sawparens($2);
1363 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1364 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1367 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1368 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1369 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1379 /* Basic list expressions */
1380 optlistexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1382 | listexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1392 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1395 { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1399 { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1400 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1404 scalar : '$' indirob
1405 { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1406 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1411 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1412 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1417 { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1418 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1422 arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1423 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1424 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1429 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1430 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1434 /* Indirect objects */
1436 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1437 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1438 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1440 { $$ = op_scope($1); }