3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
524 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
539 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
542 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
543 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
548 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
553 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
558 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
559 oldparser = PL_parser;
560 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
561 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
562 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
564 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
568 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
570 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
574 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
577 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
579 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
580 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
581 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
582 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
583 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
584 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
585 it this order as we need an op number before calling
587 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
589 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
595 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
596 compiling after a syntax error */
597 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
598 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
603 : newSVpvn(name,len),
608 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
609 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
610 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
611 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
614 PL_parser = oldparser;
615 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
616 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
619 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
620 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
621 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
622 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
623 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
624 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
631 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
633 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
635 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
637 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
638 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
644 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
649 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
650 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
651 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
652 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
653 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
654 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
658 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
660 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
661 instead of a string/length pair.
667 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
670 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
674 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
676 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
677 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
678 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
680 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
681 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
682 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
683 up caching info for this glob.
685 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
687 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
691 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
692 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
693 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
694 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
699 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
701 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
702 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
709 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
710 GV* candidate = NULL;
714 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
717 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
719 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
721 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
722 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
728 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
730 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
733 assert(name || meth);
735 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
736 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
737 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
739 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
741 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
742 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
743 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
744 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
746 else cachestash = stash;
748 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
750 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
752 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
759 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
762 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
763 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
765 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
766 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
767 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
771 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
772 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
773 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
778 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
779 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
782 else if (stash == cachestash
783 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
784 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
785 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
789 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
790 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
791 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
793 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
795 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
798 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
799 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
801 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
807 gvp = (GV**)hv_common(
808 cstash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0
811 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
812 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
813 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
815 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
821 else candidate = *gvp;
824 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
825 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
826 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
828 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
829 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
830 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
832 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
833 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
834 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
835 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
836 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
837 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
843 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
844 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
845 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
848 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
849 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
850 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
851 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
852 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
853 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
854 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
860 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
861 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
862 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
869 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
871 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
872 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
876 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
878 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
881 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
883 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
884 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
890 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
894 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
895 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
898 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
902 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
904 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
905 instead of a string/length pair.
911 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
913 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
914 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
918 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
920 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
921 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
923 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
924 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
925 of the result may be zero.
927 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
933 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
935 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
937 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
944 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
945 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
947 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
950 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
952 /* Have an autoload */
953 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
954 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
955 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
956 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
965 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
967 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
968 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
969 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
972 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
973 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
974 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
975 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
976 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
978 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
979 as a prefix of the method name. Note
980 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
981 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
982 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
983 created as a side effect to do this.
985 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
986 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
987 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
993 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
997 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
1001 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1006 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1009 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1013 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1016 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1020 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1022 const char * const origname = name;
1023 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1024 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1027 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1028 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1029 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1030 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1034 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1037 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1038 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1039 the error reporting code. */
1043 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1044 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1047 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1048 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1049 * if none was found.
1051 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1054 const char *name_cursor = name;
1055 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1056 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1057 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1058 last_separator = name_cursor;
1059 name = name_cursor + 1;
1061 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1062 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1063 name = name_cursor + 1;
1068 /* did we find a separator? */
1069 if (last_separator) {
1070 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1071 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1072 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1073 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1075 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1076 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1078 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1079 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1080 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1081 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1082 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1085 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1086 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1091 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1093 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1094 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1095 import/unimport subroutine */
1096 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1097 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1099 } else if (autoload)
1100 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1101 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1103 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1104 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1107 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1108 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1109 * require it first instead of croaking */
1110 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1111 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1112 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1113 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1114 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1116 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1117 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1122 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1123 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1124 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1125 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1130 if (last_separator) {
1131 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1132 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1134 packnamesv = error_report;
1138 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1139 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1140 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1141 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1142 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1146 else if (autoload) {
1147 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1148 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1152 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1156 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1159 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1160 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1161 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1162 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1172 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1176 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1177 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1180 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1184 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1187 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1191 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1198 SV *packname = NULL;
1199 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1201 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1203 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1206 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1207 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1208 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1209 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1210 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1214 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1215 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1217 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1218 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1222 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1226 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1229 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1230 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1232 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1233 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1235 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1238 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1239 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1240 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1242 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1243 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1244 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1245 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1246 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1249 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1250 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1251 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1252 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1253 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1254 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1255 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1257 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1258 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1260 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1261 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1262 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1264 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1267 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1268 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1269 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1271 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1273 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1274 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1276 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1277 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1281 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1285 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1291 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1292 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1293 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1294 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1296 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1297 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1301 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1302 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1303 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1307 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1308 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1309 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1310 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1311 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1312 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1313 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1316 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1324 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1325 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1326 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1327 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1329 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1330 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1331 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1332 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1333 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1334 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1337 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1338 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1340 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1344 /* If it is not tied */
1345 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1347 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1353 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1356 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1357 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1359 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1360 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1363 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1364 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1365 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1367 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1368 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1371 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1372 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1373 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1376 type, varname, name);
1377 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1378 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1379 type, varname, name);
1381 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1382 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1386 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1392 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1393 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1394 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1396 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1397 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1400 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1402 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1403 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1409 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1412 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1416 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1418 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1419 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1420 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1421 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1422 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1425 Flags may be one of:
1434 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1436 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1437 recommended for performance reasons.
1443 gv_stashpvn_internal
1445 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1446 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1450 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1451 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1457 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1461 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1464 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1465 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1466 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1467 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1468 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1469 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1471 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1473 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1474 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1476 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1477 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1479 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1480 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1481 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1482 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1483 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1489 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1491 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1492 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1494 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1496 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1498 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1502 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1503 assert(namesv || name)
1505 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1506 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1511 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1513 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1514 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1515 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1522 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1523 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1526 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1529 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1531 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1533 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1535 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1538 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1540 if (stash && namelen) {
1541 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1542 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1543 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1550 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1553 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1557 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1559 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1562 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1569 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1571 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1572 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1577 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1579 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1583 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1585 const char * const nambeg =
1586 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1587 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1588 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1591 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1592 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1596 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1600 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1604 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1605 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1607 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1608 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1610 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1611 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1612 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1613 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1615 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1616 const char *name_cursor;
1617 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1618 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1619 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1625 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1627 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1631 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1632 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1633 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1634 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1637 *stash = PL_defstash;
1638 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1641 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1642 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1645 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1649 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1650 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1652 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1655 /* only malloc once if needed */
1656 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1657 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1658 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1660 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1661 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1662 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1665 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1666 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1667 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1670 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1671 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1672 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1676 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1677 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1678 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1679 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1680 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1681 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1684 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1686 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1687 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1688 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1689 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1692 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1693 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1696 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1698 *name = name_cursor+1;
1699 if (*name == name_end) {
1701 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1702 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1703 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1706 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1713 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1715 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1718 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1723 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1724 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1725 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1727 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1729 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1730 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1731 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1732 * like INC or STDOUT.
1740 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1741 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1742 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1746 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1751 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1752 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1756 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1757 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1758 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1762 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1763 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1769 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1777 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1778 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1779 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1781 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1782 * which might happen during global destruction.
1784 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1785 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1786 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1787 const svtype sv_type)
1789 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1791 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1793 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1794 *stash = PL_defstash;
1797 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1798 *stash = PL_curstash;
1799 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1800 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1801 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1802 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1803 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1804 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1805 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1807 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1808 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1809 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1813 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1814 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1815 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1817 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1819 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1820 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1821 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1822 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1823 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1826 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1827 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1828 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1835 /* Use the current op's stash */
1836 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1841 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1843 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1844 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1845 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1846 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1847 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1848 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1849 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1850 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1851 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1852 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1853 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1854 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1855 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1856 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1857 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1858 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1860 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1862 /* symbol table under destruction */
1871 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1877 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1878 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1880 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1881 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1883 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1885 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1886 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1887 * to work (like %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1890 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1891 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1893 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1894 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1895 const svtype sv_type)
1899 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1901 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1902 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1903 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1904 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1909 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1910 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1911 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1912 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1913 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1918 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1919 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1922 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1926 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1927 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1932 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1941 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1942 /* Avoid null warning: */
1943 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1944 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1945 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1952 /* Nothing else to do.
1953 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1954 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1955 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1956 platforms, we can't just do:
1957 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1958 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1959 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1960 would make them larger than 'V')
1967 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1968 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1970 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1976 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1977 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1978 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1979 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1980 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1985 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1986 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1990 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1993 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1994 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1995 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1996 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1998 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1999 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
2000 use didn't clean up fully because
2001 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
2002 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
2003 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
2004 interpreter structure that something else will crash
2005 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2006 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2007 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2008 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2012 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2013 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2014 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2016 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2021 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2024 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2025 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2027 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2028 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2029 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2030 const Size_t n = *name;
2032 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2035 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2036 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2038 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2039 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2040 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2041 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2044 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2045 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2048 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2049 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2052 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2053 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2056 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2057 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2058 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2062 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2063 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2066 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2067 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2068 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2071 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2072 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2077 if (memEQs(name, len, "\023AFE_LOCALES"))
2080 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2081 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2084 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2085 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2087 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2089 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2092 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2093 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2096 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2110 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2113 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2115 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2116 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2122 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2123 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2126 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2129 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2132 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2134 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2136 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2137 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2138 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2139 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2141 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2145 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2146 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2159 paren = *name - '0';
2162 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2163 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2164 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2168 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2172 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2173 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2179 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2181 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2183 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2184 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2185 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2188 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2189 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2190 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2192 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2194 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2197 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2198 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2201 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2202 const Size_t n = *name;
2204 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2210 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2211 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2212 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2214 case '\010': /* $^H */
2216 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2217 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2220 case '\023': /* $^S */
2222 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2239 case '\001': /* $^A */
2240 case '\003': /* $^C */
2241 case '\004': /* $^D */
2242 case '\005': /* $^E */
2243 case '\006': /* $^F */
2244 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2245 case '\016': /* $^N */
2246 case '\017': /* $^O */
2247 case '\020': /* $^P */
2248 case '\024': /* $^T */
2249 case '\027': /* $^W */
2251 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2254 case '\014': /* $^L */
2255 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2258 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2262 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2263 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2264 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2265 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2266 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2270 case '\026': /* $^V */
2272 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2273 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2274 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2280 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2286 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2287 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2289 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2294 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2295 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2296 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2298 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2299 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2300 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2301 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2304 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2305 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2307 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2309 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2311 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2312 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2313 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2314 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2315 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2316 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2317 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2320 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2322 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2324 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2328 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2332 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2341 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2342 const svtype sv_type)
2344 const char *name = nambeg;
2349 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2350 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2351 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2352 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2353 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2354 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2357 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2359 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2360 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2361 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2362 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2364 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2367 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2368 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2374 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2378 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2379 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2380 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2381 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2384 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2385 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2388 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2389 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2390 * anything else with it before that.
2393 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2394 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2395 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2396 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2397 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2398 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2399 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2402 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2403 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2404 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2405 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2406 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2407 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2408 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2410 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2411 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2412 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2413 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2416 } else if (no_init) {
2420 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2421 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2422 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2423 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2426 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2431 /* Adding a new symbol.
2432 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2433 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2435 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2436 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2438 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2440 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2441 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2442 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2443 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2444 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2447 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2448 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2453 /* set up magic where warranted */
2454 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2457 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2458 * stored in the symtab.
2459 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2460 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2462 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2466 /* The temporary GV created above */
2467 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2471 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2476 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2479 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2483 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2485 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2486 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2487 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2488 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2492 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2493 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2497 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2499 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2501 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2503 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2507 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2508 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2512 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2521 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2523 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2525 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2526 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2527 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2530 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2531 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2533 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2534 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2536 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2538 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2540 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2542 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2543 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2544 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2545 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2549 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2550 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2553 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2555 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2557 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2558 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2560 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2561 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2562 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2563 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2564 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2567 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2572 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2574 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2575 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2577 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2578 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2583 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2586 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2593 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2594 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2595 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2596 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2605 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2610 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2612 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2613 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2614 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2615 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2618 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2620 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2628 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2630 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2631 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2632 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2633 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2634 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2635 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2636 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2638 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2647 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2651 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2652 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2653 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2654 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2655 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2656 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2657 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2658 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2659 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2663 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2664 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2665 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2666 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2667 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2668 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2669 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2670 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2671 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2672 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2677 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2680 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2686 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2688 if (--attempts == 0) {
2690 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2691 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2696 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2697 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2703 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2705 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2706 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2708 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2710 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2712 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2713 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2715 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2716 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2723 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2725 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2726 * 0 if there is no overload
2727 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2731 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2733 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2735 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2740 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2742 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2743 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2744 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2746 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2749 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2752 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2753 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2759 bool deref_seen = 0;
2762 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2764 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2765 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2766 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2771 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2774 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2776 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2779 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2780 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2781 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2782 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2783 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2784 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2791 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2792 /* initially assume the worst */
2793 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2795 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2796 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2797 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2798 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2799 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2801 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2802 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2803 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2804 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2805 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2806 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2807 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2808 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2809 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2810 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2812 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2813 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2814 const HEK * const stashek =
2815 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2816 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2818 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2819 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2820 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2821 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2823 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2825 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2826 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2827 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2828 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2829 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2831 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2836 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2838 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2839 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2841 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2842 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2843 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2851 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2853 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2854 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2855 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2857 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2858 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2861 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2877 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2878 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2879 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2880 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2883 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2884 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2885 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2889 /* Here we have no table: */
2891 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2892 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2893 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2899 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2904 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2906 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2909 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2910 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2912 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2915 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2917 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2920 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2921 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2923 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2924 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2925 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2926 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2927 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2928 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2929 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2930 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2942 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2943 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2945 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2949 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2952 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2956 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2957 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2958 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2960 /* where the op is of the form:
2961 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
2962 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
2963 * otherwise return the value directly
2965 if ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
2966 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY))
2969 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2979 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2985 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2986 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2989 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2990 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2994 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2996 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2997 SV* const right = TOPs;
3003 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3005 /* STACKED implies mutator variant, e.g. $x += 1 */
3006 bool mutator = (flags & AMGf_assign) && (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED);
3008 tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3009 (mutator ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3010 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3013 /* where the op is one of the two forms:
3015 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
3016 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
3017 * otherwise return the value directly
3020 || ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
3021 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)))
3024 TARG = mutator ? *SP : PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
3025 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3036 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3037 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3039 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3042 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3043 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3045 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3048 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3050 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3052 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3058 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3062 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3066 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3067 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3068 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3069 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3072 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3073 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3075 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3076 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3077 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3084 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3088 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3090 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3092 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3094 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3095 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3097 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3098 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3099 * masked by overloading.pm */
3101 const int offset = method / 8;
3102 const int bit = method % 8;
3103 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3105 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3106 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3113 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3118 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3119 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3120 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3121 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3122 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3123 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3124 int use_default_op = 0;
3125 int force_scalar = 0;
3131 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3133 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3134 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3137 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3138 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3139 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3140 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3141 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3143 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3144 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3150 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3151 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3153 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3156 /* look for substituted methods */
3157 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3161 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3162 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3163 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3168 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3169 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3170 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3174 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3177 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3180 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3183 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3184 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3185 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3192 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3195 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3196 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3198 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3199 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3201 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3202 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3203 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3204 delegate to the stash. */
3205 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3211 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3212 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3213 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3215 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3216 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3217 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3219 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3220 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3221 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3224 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3235 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3242 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3243 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3246 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3254 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3259 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3260 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3261 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3262 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3263 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3264 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3266 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3269 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3270 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3271 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3272 /* We look for substitution for
3273 * comparison operations and
3275 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3276 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3277 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3299 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3303 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3313 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3321 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3323 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3324 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3325 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3326 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3327 } else if ((use_default_op =
3328 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3329 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3331 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3335 if (off==-1) off=method;
3336 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3337 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3338 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3339 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3341 "in overloaded package ":
3342 "has no overloaded magic",
3344 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3347 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3350 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3352 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3353 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3354 if (use_default_op) {
3355 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3357 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3361 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3366 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3367 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3368 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3369 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3375 if (off == subtr_amg)
3378 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3379 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3380 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3381 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3401 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3405 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3406 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3407 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3415 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3416 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3417 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3427 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3428 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3430 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3432 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3433 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3434 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3435 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3436 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3437 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3438 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3439 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3442 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3443 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3444 * version of copy operator
3446 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3447 * a) Assignment form was called.
3448 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3449 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3450 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3451 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3452 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3454 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3455 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3457 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3458 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3461 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3462 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3464 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3465 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3468 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3469 * information by hand */
3470 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3472 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3473 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3475 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3483 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3485 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3486 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3487 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3489 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3490 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3493 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3494 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3495 myop.op_next = NULL;
3496 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3500 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3503 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3504 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3509 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3513 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3516 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3517 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3518 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3519 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3521 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3522 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3523 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3524 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3526 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3527 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3529 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3530 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3531 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3533 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3537 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3541 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3545 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3546 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3549 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3552 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3553 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3554 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3556 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3567 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3574 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3577 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3580 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3583 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3586 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3589 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3592 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3594 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3599 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3601 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3603 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3611 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3616 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3619 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3621 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3622 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3625 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3626 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3630 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3632 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3633 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3634 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3635 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3636 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3637 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3638 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3640 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3642 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3643 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3644 more compactly represents the same thing.
3650 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3658 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3660 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3662 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3663 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3664 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3665 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3666 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3667 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3669 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3671 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3673 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3674 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3676 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3677 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3683 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3684 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3685 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3686 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3687 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3688 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3689 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3690 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3691 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3693 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3694 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3698 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3700 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3701 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3702 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3703 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3708 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3710 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3713 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3714 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3715 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3716 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3717 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3718 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3721 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3727 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3730 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3735 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: