4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
106 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
107 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
108 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
110 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
112 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
113 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
114 # include <sys/mman.h>
117 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
118 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
122 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
126 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
127 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
128 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
129 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
131 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
132 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
133 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
134 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
136 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
139 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
140 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
142 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
143 perror("mmap failed");
148 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
153 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
154 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
155 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
156 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
158 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
159 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
160 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
161 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
163 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
165 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
166 /* We remember this slab. */
167 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
168 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
169 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
170 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
173 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
174 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
176 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
177 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
178 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
179 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
180 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
181 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
184 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
186 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
187 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
188 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
189 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
191 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
192 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
193 and a warn handler has an eval */
198 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
202 void *const start = slabs[count];
203 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
204 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
205 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
206 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
214 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
216 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
217 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
221 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
222 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
224 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
225 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
226 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
231 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
242 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
249 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
253 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
255 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
256 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
258 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
259 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
262 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
264 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
267 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
268 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
269 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
272 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
274 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
275 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
276 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
278 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
279 PL_slab_count, count));
280 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
281 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
283 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
284 perror("munmap failed");
292 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
294 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
301 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
302 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
304 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
305 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
306 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
309 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
311 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
313 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
315 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
316 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
320 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
322 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
326 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
327 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
331 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
333 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
335 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
341 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS;
345 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
350 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
352 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS;
354 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
359 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE;
363 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
364 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
368 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
373 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
374 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
375 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
377 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
380 /* "register" allocation */
383 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
387 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
391 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
392 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
395 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
397 assert(strlen(name) == len);
399 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
403 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
404 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
406 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
407 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
408 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
409 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
410 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
412 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
413 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
417 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
419 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
420 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
421 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
422 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
423 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
425 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
426 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
430 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
431 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
433 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
434 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
439 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
440 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
443 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
445 if (o->op_latefree) {
453 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
455 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
461 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
468 if (o->op_latefreed) {
475 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
486 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
489 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
490 we maintain for reset(). */
491 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
501 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
502 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
506 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
507 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
508 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
509 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
514 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
518 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
519 * numbers etc even after null() */
520 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
521 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
522 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
523 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
528 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
531 if (o->op_latefree) {
537 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
544 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
552 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
557 switch (o->op_type) {
558 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
559 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
560 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
565 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
569 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
570 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
577 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
582 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
583 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
584 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
585 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
586 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
587 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
588 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
589 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
590 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
591 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
592 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
593 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
594 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
595 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
596 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
599 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
601 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
602 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
603 * may still exist on the pad */
604 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
605 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
608 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
609 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
612 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
615 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
619 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
622 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
623 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
626 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
627 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
628 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
629 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
632 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
641 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
646 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
648 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
649 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
650 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
653 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
654 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
658 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
659 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
663 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
667 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
668 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
669 * exist on the pad */
670 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
673 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
679 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
680 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
681 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
682 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
683 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
684 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
685 * happen before sv_clean_all
688 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
689 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
690 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
691 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
692 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
696 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
697 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
703 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
704 pad_free(o->op_targ);
710 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
716 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
717 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
718 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
722 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
728 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
732 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
733 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
735 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
736 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
741 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
742 array[i] = array[--count];
743 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
744 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
745 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
748 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
765 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
769 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
770 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
772 switch (kid->op_type) {
777 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
779 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
780 kid = kid->op_sibling;
786 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
790 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
792 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
796 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
797 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
798 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
802 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
810 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
817 /* Contextualizers */
820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
822 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
823 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
824 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
831 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
833 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
835 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
836 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
837 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
839 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context");
845 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
847 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
848 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
849 not be called directly.
855 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
864 /* establish postfix order */
865 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
868 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
871 if (kid->op_sibling) {
872 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
873 kid = kid->op_sibling;
887 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
889 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
891 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
898 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
902 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
904 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
905 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
906 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
907 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
909 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
910 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
911 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
912 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
919 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
924 /* assumes no premature commitment */
925 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
926 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
927 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
932 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
934 switch (o->op_type) {
936 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
941 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
951 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
952 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
958 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
960 kid = kid->op_sibling;
963 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
964 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
970 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
975 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
978 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
985 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
989 const char* useless = NULL;
990 U32 useless_is_utf8 = 0;
994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
996 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
998 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1000 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1003 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1004 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1005 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1011 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1012 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1013 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1014 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1015 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1017 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1018 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1019 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1020 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1021 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1026 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1027 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1029 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1032 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1034 switch (o->op_type) {
1036 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1040 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1044 if (o->op_private == 4)
1069 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1088 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1089 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1094 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1118 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1119 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1120 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1124 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1125 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1127 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1129 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1131 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1135 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1136 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1137 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1140 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1144 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1145 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1149 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1156 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1157 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1158 useless = "a variable";
1163 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1164 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1166 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1168 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1169 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1170 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1171 useless_is_utf8 = SvUTF8(msv);
1174 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1175 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1176 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1177 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1179 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1180 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1181 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1182 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1184 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1185 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1186 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1187 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1188 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1189 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1190 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1191 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1192 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1193 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1194 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1199 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1203 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1204 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1208 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1209 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1213 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1214 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1218 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1219 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1224 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1227 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1230 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1231 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1234 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1236 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1239 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1240 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1241 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1244 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1247 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1249 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1252 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1253 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1254 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1256 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1257 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1258 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1270 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1271 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1272 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1274 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1276 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1278 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1279 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1288 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1293 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1300 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1311 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1321 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1322 newSVpvn_flags(useless, strlen(useless),
1323 SVs_TEMP | ( useless_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 )));
1328 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1330 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1332 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1339 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1344 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1345 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1346 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1347 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1352 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1353 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1355 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1358 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1360 switch (o->op_type) {
1363 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1368 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1376 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1378 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1379 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1380 return gen_constant_list(o);
1387 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1389 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1392 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1393 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1399 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1403 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1410 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1414 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1416 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1417 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1420 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1421 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1425 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1427 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1428 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1429 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1432 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1437 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1439 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1441 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1442 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1448 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1450 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1451 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1452 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1453 the tree thread-safe.
1458 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1460 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1463 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1471 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1473 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1475 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1477 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1478 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1480 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1481 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1482 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1483 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1484 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1485 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1486 finalize_op(prop_op);
1493 switch (o->op_type) {
1496 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1500 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1501 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1503 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1504 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1505 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1506 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1507 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1508 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1509 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1510 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1511 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1512 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1519 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1520 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1521 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1522 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1523 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1524 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1525 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1526 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1533 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1534 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1538 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1539 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1540 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1541 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1542 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1543 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1544 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1545 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1547 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1548 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1549 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1550 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1551 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1553 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1554 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1555 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1556 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1557 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1558 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1559 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1561 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1562 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1563 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1566 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1567 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1568 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1569 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1570 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1572 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1583 const char *key = NULL;
1586 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1589 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1590 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1591 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1592 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1593 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1594 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1595 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1601 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1604 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1605 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1607 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1608 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1610 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1611 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1613 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1614 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1615 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1616 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1617 "in variable %s of type %s",
1618 key, SvPV_nolen_const(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1630 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1632 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1633 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1634 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1635 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1637 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1638 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1640 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1641 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1642 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1644 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1645 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1646 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1648 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1654 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1655 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1657 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1658 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1660 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1661 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1662 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1663 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1664 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1665 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1667 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1668 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1669 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1670 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1671 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1672 "in variable %s of type %s",
1673 key, SvPV_nolen(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1679 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1680 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1687 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1689 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1695 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1697 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1698 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1699 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1700 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1703 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1704 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1705 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1707 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1708 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1714 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1718 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1721 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1724 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1725 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1730 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1732 switch (o->op_type) {
1738 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1742 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1743 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1744 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1745 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1746 poses, so we need it clear. */
1747 o->op_private &= ~1;
1748 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1749 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1750 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1753 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1754 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1755 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1756 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1757 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1758 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1759 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1762 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1763 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1767 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1768 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1770 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1771 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1772 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1773 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1775 while (kid->op_sibling)
1776 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1777 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1779 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1780 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1784 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1785 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1786 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1787 newop->op_first = NULL;
1788 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1789 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1790 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1791 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1795 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1797 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1798 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1799 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1800 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1801 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1805 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1806 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1807 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1808 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1810 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1811 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1812 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1813 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1814 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1816 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1817 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1818 kid->op_next = okid;
1821 okid->op_next = NULL;
1822 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1824 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1825 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1826 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1830 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1840 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1841 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1842 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1843 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1845 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1846 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1848 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1849 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1851 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1865 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1874 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1881 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1882 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1887 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1888 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1889 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1893 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1895 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1899 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1900 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1906 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1909 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1910 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1911 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1915 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1919 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1928 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1935 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1936 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1937 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1938 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1940 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1941 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1945 if (!type) /* local() */
1946 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
1947 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
1956 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1960 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1966 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1967 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1968 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1969 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1970 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1971 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1972 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1977 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1978 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1979 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1980 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1981 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1982 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1992 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1993 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1998 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2000 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2002 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2003 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2009 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2010 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2011 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2012 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2013 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2017 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2019 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2022 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2023 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2025 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2026 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2029 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2030 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2032 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2033 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2034 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2037 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2038 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2039 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2044 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2045 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2048 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2049 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2050 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2055 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2057 assert(o || type != OP_SASSIGN);
2061 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2085 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2106 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2108 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2110 switch (o->op_type) {
2118 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2131 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2133 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2135 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2142 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2147 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2149 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2152 switch (o->op_type) {
2154 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2155 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2156 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2157 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2158 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2159 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2160 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2161 o->op_private &= ~1;
2163 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2164 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2165 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2167 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2173 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2174 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2177 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2178 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2179 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2182 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2183 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2184 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2186 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2193 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2196 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2197 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2198 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2204 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2209 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2211 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2215 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2216 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2217 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2218 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2220 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2230 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2232 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2242 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2247 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2249 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2250 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2251 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2253 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2254 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2256 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2260 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2262 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2263 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2264 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2265 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2266 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2273 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2278 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2280 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2281 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2282 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2284 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2285 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2288 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2289 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2290 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2291 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2293 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2294 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2297 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2298 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2300 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2301 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2302 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2303 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2305 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2311 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2314 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2317 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2322 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2323 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2324 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2326 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2327 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2329 /* Need package name for method call. */
2330 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2332 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2333 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2335 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2336 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2337 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2338 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2339 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2340 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2341 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2342 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2344 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2345 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2346 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2347 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2348 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2349 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2351 /* Combine the ops. */
2352 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2356 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2358 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2359 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2360 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2361 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2362 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2363 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2364 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2365 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2366 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2367 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2373 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2374 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2378 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2381 len = strlen(attrstr);
2385 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2387 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2388 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2389 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2390 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2391 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2395 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2396 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2397 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2398 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2399 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2400 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2401 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2406 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2410 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2412 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2414 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2418 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2419 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2423 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2425 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2426 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2427 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2433 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2435 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2436 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2437 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2439 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2441 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2443 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2444 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2445 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2446 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2447 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2448 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2449 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2452 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2455 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2458 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2460 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2462 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2464 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2467 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2470 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2471 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2473 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2474 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2476 stash = PL_curstash;
2477 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2479 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2480 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2482 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2487 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2491 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2495 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2496 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2498 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2508 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2510 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2511 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2512 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2515 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2516 which will mess up list assignment. */
2517 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2518 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2519 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2521 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2522 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2525 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2528 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2529 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2534 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2536 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2538 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2543 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2547 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2548 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2552 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2553 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2555 const char * const desc
2557 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2558 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2560 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2561 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2562 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2563 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2564 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2565 desc, sample, sample);
2568 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2569 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2570 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2572 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2575 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2576 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2578 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2579 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2580 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2582 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2583 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2584 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2585 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2586 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2588 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2590 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2593 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2594 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2595 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2596 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2597 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2598 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2599 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2602 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2603 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2605 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2607 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2611 return bind_match(type, left,
2612 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2616 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2620 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2624 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2626 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2627 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2628 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2629 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2630 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2631 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2638 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2642 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2643 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2644 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2645 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2647 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2649 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2650 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2651 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2652 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2655 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2656 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2658 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2663 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2669 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2672 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2674 pad_block_start(full);
2676 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2677 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2678 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2680 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2686 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2689 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2690 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2692 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2695 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2697 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2700 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2706 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2708 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2710 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2711 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2717 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2719 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2721 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2728 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2729 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2730 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2733 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2734 o->op_targ = offset;
2740 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2744 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2750 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2751 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2752 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2754 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2755 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2757 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2758 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2759 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2762 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2764 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2765 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2766 * argument more than once */
2767 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2768 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2769 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2770 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2771 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2772 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2776 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2777 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2779 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2782 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2783 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2784 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2785 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2786 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2787 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2788 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2789 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2792 /* Register with debugger */
2794 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2798 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2800 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2807 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2811 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2813 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2814 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2815 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2822 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2823 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2824 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2826 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2829 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2830 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2834 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2835 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2838 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2840 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2846 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2847 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2848 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2850 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2852 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2862 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2863 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2864 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2869 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2871 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2873 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2875 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2876 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2881 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2882 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
2884 I32 type = o->op_type;
2886 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
2888 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2890 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2891 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2896 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
2897 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
2899 I32 type = o->op_type;
2901 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
2903 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2904 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2905 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2906 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2907 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2910 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2913 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
2914 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2915 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2921 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2924 register OP * VOL curop;
2926 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2931 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2932 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
2938 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2952 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2953 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2958 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2959 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2961 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2962 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2963 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2965 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2967 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2973 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2974 old_next = o->op_next;
2978 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2979 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2981 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
2982 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
2983 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
2984 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
2985 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
2986 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
2987 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
2988 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2995 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2996 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
2998 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
2999 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3000 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3003 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3006 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3007 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3012 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3013 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3015 o->op_next = old_next;
3019 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3020 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3021 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3022 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3023 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3024 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3027 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3028 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3029 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3031 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3032 delete_eval_scope();
3041 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3042 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3044 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3045 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3053 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3057 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3060 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3061 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3063 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3066 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3069 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3070 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3071 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3072 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3074 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3075 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3076 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3077 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3078 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3079 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3080 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3082 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3091 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3094 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3095 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3096 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3098 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3100 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3101 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3103 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3104 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3105 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3106 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3110 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3111 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3112 o->op_flags |= flags;
3114 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3115 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3118 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3122 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3125 /* List constructors */
3128 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3130 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3131 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3132 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3133 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3134 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3135 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3141 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3149 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3150 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3152 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3155 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3156 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3158 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3159 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3161 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3166 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3168 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3169 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3170 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3171 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3172 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3173 the other is returned unchanged.
3179 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3187 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3188 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3190 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3191 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3193 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3194 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3195 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3198 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3199 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3201 while (mp->mad_next)
3203 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3206 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3209 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3210 last->op_madprop = 0;
3213 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3219 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3221 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3222 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3223 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3224 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3225 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3226 the other is returned unchanged.
3232 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3240 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3241 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3242 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3243 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3244 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3245 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3248 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3249 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3250 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3252 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3253 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3255 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3259 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3267 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3270 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3271 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3272 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3274 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3279 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3283 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3285 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3290 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3295 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3297 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3298 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3299 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3306 /* faked up qw list? */
3308 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3309 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3316 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3317 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3318 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3319 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3321 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3335 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3336 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3346 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3355 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3356 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3357 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3358 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3360 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3367 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3370 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3376 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3385 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3386 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3387 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3388 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3390 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3397 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3400 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3404 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3405 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3411 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3429 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3433 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3437 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3458 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3460 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3462 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3466 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3468 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3471 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3472 mp->mad_type = type;
3474 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3479 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3481 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3485 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3486 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3487 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3488 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3492 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3495 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3496 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3499 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3502 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3505 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3511 =head1 Optree construction
3513 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3515 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3516 empty list expression.
3522 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3524 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3528 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3530 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3531 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3537 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3539 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3540 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3541 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3542 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3543 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3549 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3554 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3556 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3558 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3559 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3562 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3566 else if (!first && last)
3569 first->op_sibling = last;
3570 listop->op_first = first;
3571 listop->op_last = last;
3572 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3573 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3574 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3575 listop->op_first = pushop;
3576 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3578 listop->op_last = pushop;
3581 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3585 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3587 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3588 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3589 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3596 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3601 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3602 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3603 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3604 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3606 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3607 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3608 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3609 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3611 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3615 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3616 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3618 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3619 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3620 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3624 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3626 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3627 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3628 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3629 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3630 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3631 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3632 of the constructed op tree.
3638 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3643 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3644 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3645 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3646 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3647 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3648 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3649 || type == OP_NULL );
3652 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3653 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3654 first = force_list(first);
3656 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3657 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3658 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3659 unop->op_first = first;
3660 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3661 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3662 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3666 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3670 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3672 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3673 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3674 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3675 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3676 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3677 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3678 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3684 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3689 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3690 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3692 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3695 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3697 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3698 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3699 binop->op_first = first;
3700 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3703 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3706 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3707 first->op_sibling = last;
3710 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3711 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3714 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3716 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
3719 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3720 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3721 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3722 __attribute__pure__;
3723 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3725 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3727 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3729 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3731 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3737 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3740 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3743 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3744 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3746 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3749 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3750 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3754 register short *tbl;
3756 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3757 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3758 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3761 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3763 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3766 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3769 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3771 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3772 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3774 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3775 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3789 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3790 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3793 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3797 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3800 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3802 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3806 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3807 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3808 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3809 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3813 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3816 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3818 transv = newSVpvs("");
3820 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3822 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3824 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3828 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3832 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3833 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3835 diff = val - nextmin;
3837 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3838 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3840 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3841 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3842 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3843 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3850 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3851 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3853 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3854 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3856 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3857 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3858 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3859 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3863 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3864 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3867 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3868 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3870 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3874 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3875 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3876 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3877 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3879 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3881 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3888 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3889 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3891 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3893 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3895 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3904 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3908 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3909 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3910 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3917 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3918 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3920 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3921 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3923 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3927 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3928 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3931 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3932 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3934 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3935 max = rfirst + diff;
3937 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3938 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3950 else if (max > 0xff)
3955 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3956 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3958 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
3960 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3961 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3962 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3964 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
3966 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3968 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3969 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3971 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3972 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
3973 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3976 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3982 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3983 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3991 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3993 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3994 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3996 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3998 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4007 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4017 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4019 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4024 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4025 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4026 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4028 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4029 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4030 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4034 if (!rlen && !del) {
4037 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4039 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4040 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4042 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4044 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4045 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4047 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4053 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4054 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4061 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4062 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4063 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4064 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4068 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4070 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4071 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4081 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4083 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4084 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4085 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4091 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4096 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4098 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4099 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4100 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4101 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4102 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4104 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4105 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4106 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) {
4107 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4109 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES)) && (PL_hints & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) {
4110 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4112 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4113 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4114 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4116 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4117 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4118 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4120 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4121 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4127 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4128 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4129 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4130 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4131 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4132 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4134 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4136 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4138 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4139 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4140 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4142 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4143 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4144 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4145 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4149 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4152 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4153 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4154 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4157 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4158 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4159 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4160 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4161 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4165 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
4170 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4174 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4177 o->op_type == OP_SUBST
4178 || o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR
4180 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4182 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4183 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4184 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4185 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4186 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4187 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4190 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
4191 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
4193 /* convert single element list to element */
4194 OP* const oe = expr;
4195 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
4196 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4197 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4201 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
4202 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4205 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4209 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4212 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4213 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4214 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4216 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4217 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4220 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
4221 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
4222 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
4223 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
4224 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
4225 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
4227 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
4228 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
4231 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
4234 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4240 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
4241 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
4243 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4245 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4246 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4247 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4248 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4249 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4250 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4251 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4252 rcop->op_private = 1;
4255 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
4257 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4258 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4260 /* establish postfix order */
4261 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
4263 rcop->op_next = expr;
4264 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4267 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4268 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4271 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4276 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4278 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4279 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4281 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4285 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4286 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4287 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4288 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4289 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4290 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4292 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4295 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4297 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4298 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4299 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4300 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4301 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4304 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4305 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4306 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4307 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4311 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4312 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4322 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4324 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4325 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4328 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4329 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4331 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4332 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4333 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4334 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4335 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4336 rcop->op_private = 1;
4339 /* establish postfix order */
4340 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4341 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4343 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4344 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4345 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4354 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4356 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4357 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4358 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4359 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4365 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4372 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4373 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4374 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4376 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4377 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4378 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4380 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4381 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4382 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4384 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4385 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4386 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4392 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4394 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4395 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4396 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4397 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4400 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4406 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4413 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4414 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4415 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4417 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4418 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4419 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4420 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4421 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4422 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4425 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4426 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4427 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4429 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4430 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4431 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4434 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4437 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4439 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4440 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4441 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4442 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4449 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4457 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4459 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4464 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4466 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4467 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4468 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4469 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4470 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4476 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4481 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4482 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4484 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4485 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4486 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4488 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4489 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4490 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4492 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4493 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4494 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4502 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4505 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4510 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4512 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4513 save_item(PL_curstname);
4515 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4517 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4519 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4520 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4521 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4526 if (!PL_madskills) {
4531 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4532 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4538 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4541 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4542 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4543 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4544 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4545 PL_hints = savehints;
4554 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4561 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4563 SV *use_version = NULL;
4565 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4567 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4568 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4571 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4576 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4579 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4580 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4587 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4588 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4590 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4591 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4593 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4594 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4595 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4596 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4597 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4598 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4602 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4603 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4605 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4606 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4608 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4609 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4611 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4613 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
4619 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
4621 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4622 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4624 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
4626 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
4627 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4628 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4629 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
4630 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4633 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
4635 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
4638 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4639 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4640 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
4641 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
4642 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
4645 /* If we request a version >= 5.9.5, load feature.pm with the
4646 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
4647 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
4649 if (vcmp(use_version,
4650 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.009005), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4651 SV *const importsv = vnormal(use_version);
4652 *SvPVX_mutable(importsv) = ':';
4653 ENTER_with_name("load_feature");
4654 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ 0, newSVpvs("feature"), NULL, importsv, NULL);
4655 LEAVE_with_name("load_feature");
4657 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
4658 if (vcmp(use_version,
4659 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4660 PL_hints |= (HINT_STRICT_REFS | HINT_STRICT_SUBS | HINT_STRICT_VARS);
4664 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
4665 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
4666 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
4667 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
4668 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
4669 * filesystems the script will stop working.
4671 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
4672 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
4673 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
4674 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
4676 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
4677 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
4678 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
4681 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4682 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4683 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4684 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
4685 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
4689 if (!PL_madskills) {
4690 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
4699 =head1 Embedding Functions
4701 =for apidoc load_module
4703 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
4704 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
4705 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
4706 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
4707 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
4708 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
4709 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
4710 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
4711 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
4712 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
4713 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
4714 import list is required.
4719 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4723 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
4725 va_start(args, ver);
4726 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4730 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4732 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4736 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
4737 va_start(args, ver);
4738 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4744 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
4748 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
4750 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
4752 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
4754 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
4758 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
4759 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
4761 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
4762 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
4767 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4769 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
4770 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4774 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
4775 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
4776 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
4777 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
4778 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
4781 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
4782 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
4783 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
4784 veop, modname, imop);
4789 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
4795 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
4797 if (!force_builtin) {
4798 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
4799 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
4800 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
4801 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
4805 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
4806 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
4807 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
4808 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
4809 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
4812 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
4818 =head1 Optree construction
4820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
4822 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
4823 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
4824 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
4825 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4826 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
4827 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
4828 constructed op tree.
4834 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
4836 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
4837 list(force_list(subscript)),
4838 list(force_list(listval)) );
4842 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
4850 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
4851 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
4853 flags = o->op_flags;
4855 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
4856 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
4857 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
4862 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
4866 if (type == OP_LIST &&
4867 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
4868 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4871 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
4872 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
4873 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
4876 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
4879 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
4886 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
4887 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
4888 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
4890 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
4891 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
4894 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
4895 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4896 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4897 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4899 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4901 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);