3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * A Elbereth Gilthoniel,
13 * silivren penna míriel
14 * o menel aglar elenath!
15 * Na-chaered palan-díriel
16 * o galadhremmin ennorath,
17 * Fanuilos, le linnathon
18 * nef aear, si nef aearon!
20 * [p.238 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"]
23 /* utility functions for handling locale-specific stuff like what
24 * character represents the decimal point.
26 * All C programs have an underlying locale. Perl generally doesn't pay any
27 * attention to it except within the scope of a 'use locale'. For most
28 * categories, it accomplishes this by just using different operations if it is
29 * in such scope than if not. However, various libc functions called by Perl
30 * are affected by the LC_NUMERIC category, so there are macros in perl.h that
31 * are used to toggle between the current locale and the C locale depending on
32 * the desired behavior of those functions at the moment. And, LC_MESSAGES is
33 * switched to the C locale for outputting the message unless within the scope
38 #define PERL_IN_LOCALE_C
39 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
44 /* If the environment says to, we can output debugging information during
45 * initialization. This is done before option parsing, and before any thread
46 * creation, so can be a file-level static */
48 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
49 /* no global syms allowed */
50 # define debug_initialization 0
51 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v)
53 static bool debug_initialization = FALSE;
54 # define DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(v) (debug_initialization = v)
61 * Standardize the locale name from a string returned by 'setlocale', possibly
62 * modifying that string.
64 * The typical return value of setlocale() is either
65 * (1) "xx_YY" if the first argument of setlocale() is not LC_ALL
66 * (2) "xa_YY xb_YY ..." if the first argument of setlocale() is LC_ALL
67 * (the space-separated values represent the various sublocales,
68 * in some unspecified order). This is not handled by this function.
70 * In some platforms it has a form like "LC_SOMETHING=Lang_Country.866\n",
71 * which is harmful for further use of the string in setlocale(). This
72 * function removes the trailing new line and everything up through the '='
76 S_stdize_locale(pTHX_ char *locs)
78 const char * const s = strchr(locs, '=');
81 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_STDIZE_LOCALE;
84 const char * const t = strchr(s, '.');
87 const char * const u = strchr(t, '\n');
88 if (u && (u[1] == 0)) {
89 const STRLEN len = u - s;
90 Move(s + 1, locs, len, char);
98 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fix broken locale name \"%s\"", locs);
106 S_set_numeric_radix(pTHX)
108 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
109 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
110 const struct lconv* const lc = localeconv();
112 if (lc && lc->decimal_point) {
113 if (lc->decimal_point[0] == '.' && lc->decimal_point[1] == 0) {
114 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
115 PL_numeric_radix_sv = NULL;
118 if (PL_numeric_radix_sv)
119 sv_setpv(PL_numeric_radix_sv, lc->decimal_point);
121 PL_numeric_radix_sv = newSVpv(lc->decimal_point, 0);
122 if (! is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) lc->decimal_point, 0)
123 && is_utf8_string((U8 *) lc->decimal_point, 0)
124 && _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_NUMERIC))
126 SvUTF8_on(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
131 PL_numeric_radix_sv = NULL;
134 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
135 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Locale radix is '%s', ?UTF-8=%d\n",
136 (PL_numeric_radix_sv)
137 ? SvPVX(PL_numeric_radix_sv)
139 (PL_numeric_radix_sv)
140 ? cBOOL(SvUTF8(PL_numeric_radix_sv))
145 # endif /* HAS_LOCALECONV */
146 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
149 /* Is the C string input 'name' "C" or "POSIX"? If so, and 'name' is the
150 * return of setlocale(), then this is extremely likely to be the C or POSIX
151 * locale. However, the output of setlocale() is documented to be opaque, but
152 * the odds are extremely small that it would return these two strings for some
153 * other locale. Note that VMS in these two locales includes many non-ASCII
154 * characters as controls and punctuation (below are hex bytes):
155 * cntrl: 00-1F 7F 84-97 9B-9F
156 * punct: 21-2F 3A-40 5B-60 7B-7E A1-A3 A5 A7-AB B0-B3 B5-B7 B9-BD BF-CF D1-DD DF-EF F1-FD
157 * Oddly, none there are listed as alphas, though some represent alphabetics
158 * http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/02/msg198753.html */
159 #define isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(name) ((name) != NULL \
160 && ((*(name) == 'C' && (*(name + 1)) == '\0') \
161 || strEQ((name), "POSIX")))
164 Perl_new_numeric(pTHX_ const char *newnum)
166 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
168 /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_NUMERIC, to tell
169 * core Perl this and that 'newnum' is the name of the new locale.
170 * It installs this locale as the current underlying default.
172 * The default locale and the C locale can be toggled between by use of the
173 * set_numeric_local() and set_numeric_standard() functions, which should
174 * probably not be called directly, but only via macros like
175 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h.
177 * The toggling is necessary mainly so that a non-dot radix decimal point
178 * character can be output, while allowing internal calculations to use a
181 * This sets several interpreter-level variables:
182 * PL_numeric_name The underlying locale's name: a copy of 'newnum'
183 * PL_numeric_local A boolean indicating if the toggled state is such
184 * that the current locale is the program's underlying
186 * PL_numeric_standard An int indicating if the toggled state is such
187 * that the current locale is the C locale. If non-zero,
188 * it is in C; if > 1, it means it may not be toggled away
190 * Note that both of the last two variables can be true at the same time,
191 * if the underlying locale is C. (Toggling is a no-op under these
194 * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use
195 * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function
196 * should be called directly only from this file and from
197 * POSIX::setlocale() */
202 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
203 PL_numeric_name = NULL;
204 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
205 PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
209 save_newnum = stdize_locale(savepv(newnum));
211 PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_newnum);
212 PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
214 if (! PL_numeric_name || strNE(PL_numeric_name, save_newnum)) {
215 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
216 PL_numeric_name = save_newnum;
219 Safefree(save_newnum);
222 /* Keep LC_NUMERIC in the C locale. This is for XS modules, so they don't
223 * have to worry about the radix being a non-dot. (Core operations that
224 * need the underlying locale change to it temporarily). */
225 set_numeric_standard();
230 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newnum);
231 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
235 Perl_set_numeric_standard(pTHX)
237 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
238 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to C. Most code should use the macros like
239 * SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD() in perl.h instead of calling this directly. The
240 * macro avoids calling this routine if toggling isn't necessary according
241 * to our records (which could be wrong if some XS code has changed the
242 * locale behind our back) */
244 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
245 PL_numeric_standard = TRUE;
246 PL_numeric_local = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_numeric_name);
249 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
250 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
251 "Underlying LC_NUMERIC locale now is C\n");
255 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
259 Perl_set_numeric_local(pTHX)
261 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
262 /* Toggle the LC_NUMERIC locale to the current underlying default. Most
263 * code should use the macros like SET_NUMERIC_LOCAL() in perl.h instead of
264 * calling this directly. The macro avoids calling this routine if
265 * toggling isn't necessary according to our records (which could be wrong
266 * if some XS code has changed the locale behind our back) */
268 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
269 PL_numeric_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(PL_numeric_name);
270 PL_numeric_local = TRUE;
273 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
274 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
275 "Underlying LC_NUMERIC locale now is %s\n",
280 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
284 * Set up for a new ctype locale.
287 S_new_ctype(pTHX_ const char *newctype)
289 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
291 /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_CTYPE, to tell
292 * core Perl this and that 'newctype' is the name of the new locale.
294 * This function sets up the folding arrays for all 256 bytes, assuming
295 * that tofold() is tolc() since fold case is not a concept in POSIX,
297 * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use
298 * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function
299 * should be called directly only from this file and from
300 * POSIX::setlocale() */
305 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE;
307 /* We will replace any bad locale warning with 1) nothing if the new one is
308 * ok; or 2) a new warning for the bad new locale */
309 if (PL_warn_locale) {
310 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
311 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
314 PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE);
316 /* A UTF-8 locale gets standard rules. But note that code still has to
317 * handle this specially because of the three problematic code points */
318 if (PL_in_utf8_CTYPE_locale) {
319 Copy(PL_fold_latin1, PL_fold_locale, 256, U8);
322 /* Assume enough space for every character being bad. 4 spaces each
323 * for the 94 printable characters that are output like "'x' "; and 5
324 * spaces each for "'\\' ", "'\t' ", and "'\n' "; plus a terminating
326 char bad_chars_list[ (94 * 4) + (3 * 5) + 1 ];
328 /* Don't check for problems if we are suppressing the warnings */
329 bool check_for_problems = ckWARN_d(WARN_LOCALE)
330 || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST);
331 bool multi_byte_locale = FALSE; /* Assume is a single-byte locale
333 unsigned int bad_count = 0; /* Count of bad characters */
335 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
336 if (isUPPER_LC((U8) i))
337 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toLOWER_LC((U8) i);
338 else if (isLOWER_LC((U8) i))
339 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) toUPPER_LC((U8) i);
341 PL_fold_locale[i] = (U8) i;
343 /* If checking for locale problems, see if the native ASCII-range
344 * printables plus \n and \t are in their expected categories in
345 * the new locale. If not, this could mean big trouble, upending
346 * Perl's and most programs' assumptions, like having a
347 * metacharacter with special meaning become a \w. Fortunately,
348 * it's very rare to find locales that aren't supersets of ASCII
349 * nowadays. It isn't a problem for most controls to be changed
350 * into something else; we check only \n and \t, though perhaps \r
351 * could be an issue as well. */
352 if (check_for_problems
353 && (isGRAPH_A(i) || isBLANK_A(i) || i == '\n'))
355 if ((isALPHANUMERIC_A(i) && ! isALPHANUMERIC_LC(i))
356 || (isPUNCT_A(i) && ! isPUNCT_LC(i))
357 || (isBLANK_A(i) && ! isBLANK_LC(i))
358 || (i == '\n' && ! isCNTRL_LC(i)))
360 if (bad_count) { /* Separate multiple entries with a
362 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = ' ';
364 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\'';
366 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = (char) i;
369 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\\';
371 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = 'n';
375 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = 't';
378 bad_chars_list[bad_count++] = '\'';
379 bad_chars_list[bad_count] = '\0';
385 /* We only handle single-byte locales (outside of UTF-8 ones; so if
386 * this locale requires more than one byte, there are going to be
388 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
389 "%s:%d: check_for_problems=%d, MB_CUR_MAX=%d\n",
390 __FILE__, __LINE__, check_for_problems, (int) MB_CUR_MAX));
392 if (check_for_problems && MB_CUR_MAX > 1
394 /* Some platforms return MB_CUR_MAX > 1 for even the "C"
395 * locale. Just assume that the implementation for them (plus
396 * for POSIX) is correct and the > 1 value is spurious. (Since
397 * these are specially handled to never be considered UTF-8
398 * locales, as long as this is the only problem, everything
399 * should work fine */
400 && strNE(newctype, "C") && strNE(newctype, "POSIX"))
402 multi_byte_locale = TRUE;
406 if (bad_count || multi_byte_locale) {
407 PL_warn_locale = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
408 "Locale '%s' may not work well.%s%s%s\n",
411 ? " Some characters in it are not recognized by"
415 ? "\nThe following characters (and maybe others)"
416 " may not have the same meaning as the Perl"
417 " program expects:\n"
423 /* If we are actually in the scope of the locale or are debugging,
424 * output the message now. If not in that scope, we save the
425 * message to be output at the first operation using this locale,
426 * if that actually happens. Most programs don't use locales, so
427 * they are immune to bad ones. */
428 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE) || UNLIKELY(DEBUG_L_TEST)) {
430 /* We have to save 'newctype' because the setlocale() just
431 * below may destroy it. The next setlocale() further down
432 * should restore it properly so that the intermediate change
433 * here is transparent to this function's caller */
434 const char * const badlocale = savepv(newctype);
436 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");
438 /* The '0' below suppresses a bogus gcc compiler warning */
439 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE), SvPVX(PL_warn_locale), 0);
441 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, badlocale);
444 if (IN_LC(LC_CTYPE)) {
445 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
446 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
452 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_CTYPE;
454 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newctype);
459 Perl__warn_problematic_locale()
462 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
466 /* Internal-to-core function that outputs the message in PL_warn_locale,
467 * and then NULLS it. Should be called only through the macro
468 * _CHECK_AND_WARN_PROBLEMATIC_LOCALE */
470 if (PL_warn_locale) {
471 /*GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-security); Didn't work */
472 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_LOCALE),
473 SvPVX(PL_warn_locale),
474 0 /* dummy to avoid compiler warning */ );
475 /* GCC_DIAG_RESTORE; */
476 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(PL_warn_locale);
477 PL_warn_locale = NULL;
485 S_new_collate(pTHX_ const char *newcoll)
487 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
489 /* Called after all libc setlocale() calls affecting LC_COLLATE, to tell
490 * core Perl this and that 'newcoll' is the name of the new locale.
492 * Any code changing the locale (outside this file) should use
493 * POSIX::setlocale, which calls this function. Therefore this function
494 * should be called directly only from this file and from
495 * POSIX::setlocale().
497 * The design of locale collation is that every locale change is given an
498 * index 'PL_collation_ix'. The first time a string particpates in an
499 * operation that requires collation while locale collation is active, it
500 * is given PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic (via sv_collxfrm_flags()). That
501 * magic includes the collation index, and the transformation of the string
502 * by strxfrm(), q.v. That transformation is used when doing comparisons,
503 * instead of the string itself. If a string changes, the magic is
504 * cleared. The next time the locale changes, the index is incremented,
505 * and so we know during a comparison that the transformation is not
506 * necessarily still valid, and so is recomputed. Note that if the locale
507 * changes enough times, the index could wrap (a U32), and it is possible
508 * that a transformation would improperly be considered valid, leading to
512 if (PL_collation_name) {
514 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
515 PL_collation_name = NULL;
517 PL_collation_standard = TRUE;
518 is_standard_collation:
519 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
520 PL_collxfrm_mult = 2;
521 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = FALSE;
522 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
523 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
527 /* If this is not the same locale as currently, set the new one up */
528 if (! PL_collation_name || strNE(PL_collation_name, newcoll)) {
530 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
531 PL_collation_name = stdize_locale(savepv(newcoll));
532 PL_collation_standard = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(newcoll);
533 if (PL_collation_standard) {
534 goto is_standard_collation;
537 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_COLLATE);
538 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = '\0';
539 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = 0;
541 /* A locale collation definition includes primary, secondary, tertiary,
542 * etc. weights for each character. To sort, the primary weights are
543 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the secondary weights are
544 * used, and only if they compare equal, then the tertiary, etc.
546 * strxfrm() works by taking the input string, say ABC, and creating an
547 * output transformed string consisting of first the primary weights,
548 * A¹B¹C¹ followed by the secondary ones, A²B²C²; and then the
549 * tertiary, etc, yielding A¹B¹C¹ A²B²C² A³B³C³ .... Some characters
550 * may not have weights at every level. In our example, let's say B
551 * doesn't have a tertiary weight, and A doesn't have a secondary
552 * weight. The constructed string is then going to be
553 * A¹B¹C¹ B²C² A³C³ ....
554 * This has the desired effect that strcmp() will look at the secondary
555 * or tertiary weights only if the strings compare equal at all higher
556 * priority weights. The spaces shown here, like in
558 * are not just for readability. In the general case, these must
559 * actually be bytes, which we will call here 'separator weights'; and
560 * they must be smaller than any other weight value, but since these
561 * are C strings, only the terminating one can be a NUL (some
562 * implementations may include a non-NUL separator weight just before
563 * the NUL). Implementations tend to reserve 01 for the separator
564 * weights. They are needed so that a shorter string's secondary
565 * weights won't be misconstrued as primary weights of a longer string,
566 * etc. By making them smaller than any other weight, the shorter
567 * string will sort first. (Actually, if all secondary weights are
568 * smaller than all primary ones, there is no need for a separator
569 * weight between those two levels, etc.)
571 * The length of the transformed string is roughly a linear function of
572 * the input string. It's not exactly linear because some characters
573 * don't have weights at all levels. When we call strxfrm() we have to
574 * allocate some memory to hold the transformed string. The
575 * calculations below try to find coefficients 'm' and 'b' for this
576 * locale so that m*x + b equals how much space we need, given the size
577 * of the input string in 'x'. If we calculate too small, we increase
578 * the size as needed, and call strxfrm() again, but it is better to
579 * get it right the first time to avoid wasted expensive string
580 * transformations. */
583 /* We use the string below to find how long the tranformation of it
584 * is. Almost all locales are supersets of ASCII, or at least the
585 * ASCII letters. We use all of them, half upper half lower,
586 * because if we used fewer, we might hit just the ones that are
587 * outliers in a particular locale. Most of the strings being
588 * collated will contain a preponderance of letters, and even if
589 * they are above-ASCII, they are likely to have the same number of
590 * weight levels as the ASCII ones. It turns out that digits tend
591 * to have fewer levels, and some punctuation has more, but those
592 * are relatively sparse in text, and khw believes this gives a
593 * reasonable result, but it could be changed if experience so
595 const char longer[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMnopqrstuvwxyz";
596 char * x_longer; /* Transformed 'longer' */
597 Size_t x_len_longer; /* Length of 'x_longer' */
599 char * x_shorter; /* We also transform a substring of 'longer' */
600 Size_t x_len_shorter;
602 /* _mem_collxfrm() is used get the transformation (though here we
603 * are interested only in its length). It is used because it has
604 * the intelligence to handle all cases, but to work, it needs some
605 * values of 'm' and 'b' to get it started. For the purposes of
606 * this calculation we use a very conservative estimate of 'm' and
607 * 'b'. This assumes a weight can be multiple bytes, enough to
608 * hold any UV on the platform, and there are 5 levels, 4 weight
609 * bytes, and a trailing NUL. */
610 PL_collxfrm_base = 5;
611 PL_collxfrm_mult = 5 * sizeof(UV);
613 /* Find out how long the transformation really is */
614 x_longer = _mem_collxfrm(longer,
618 /* We avoid converting to UTF-8 in the
619 * called function by telling it the
620 * string is in UTF-8 if the locale is a
621 * UTF-8 one. Since the string passed
622 * here is invariant under UTF-8, we can
623 * claim it's UTF-8 even though it isn't.
625 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
628 /* Find out how long the transformation of a substring of 'longer'
629 * is. Together the lengths of these transformations are
630 * sufficient to calculate 'm' and 'b'. The substring is all of
631 * 'longer' except the first character. This minimizes the chances
632 * of being swayed by outliers */
633 x_shorter = _mem_collxfrm(longer + 1,
636 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale);
639 /* If the results are nonsensical for this simple test, the whole
640 * locale definition is suspect. Mark it so that locale collation
641 * is not active at all for it. XXX Should we warn? */
642 if ( x_len_shorter == 0
644 || x_len_shorter >= x_len_longer)
646 PL_collxfrm_mult = 0;
647 PL_collxfrm_base = 0;
650 SSize_t base; /* Temporary */
652 /* We have both: m * strlen(longer) + b = x_len_longer
653 * m * strlen(shorter) + b = x_len_shorter;
654 * subtracting yields:
655 * m * (strlen(longer) - strlen(shorter))
656 * = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
657 * But we have set things up so that 'shorter' is 1 byte smaller
658 * than 'longer'. Hence:
659 * m = x_len_longer - x_len_shorter
661 * But if something went wrong, make sure the multiplier is at
664 if (x_len_longer > x_len_shorter) {
665 PL_collxfrm_mult = (STRLEN) x_len_longer - x_len_shorter;
668 PL_collxfrm_mult = 1;
673 * but in case something has gone wrong, make sure it is
675 base = x_len_longer - PL_collxfrm_mult * (sizeof(longer) - 1);
680 /* Add 1 for the trailing NUL */
681 PL_collxfrm_base = base + 1;
685 if (DEBUG_L_TEST || debug_initialization) {
686 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
687 "%s:%d: ?UTF-8 locale=%d; x_len_shorter=%zu, "
689 " collate multipler=%zu, collate base=%zu\n",
691 PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale,
692 x_len_shorter, x_len_longer,
693 PL_collxfrm_mult, PL_collxfrm_base);
700 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(newcoll);
701 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
704 #ifndef WIN32 /* No wrapper except on Windows */
706 #define my_setlocale(a,b) setlocale(a,b)
711 S_my_setlocale(pTHX_ int category, const char* locale)
713 /* This, for Windows, emulates POSIX setlocale() behavior. There is no
714 * difference unless the input locale is "", which means on Windows to get
715 * the machine default, which is set via the computer's "Regional and
716 * Language Options" (or its current equivalent). In POSIX, it instead
717 * means to find the locale from the user's environment. This routine
718 * looks in the environment, and, if anything is found, uses that instead
719 * of going to the machine default. If there is no environment override,
720 * the machine default is used, as normal, by calling the real setlocale()
721 * with "". The POSIX behavior is to use the LC_ALL variable if set;
722 * otherwise to use the particular category's variable if set; otherwise to
723 * use the LANG variable. */
725 bool override_LC_ALL = FALSE;
728 if (locale && strEQ(locale, "")) {
730 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL");
736 override_LC_ALL = TRUE;
737 break; /* We already know its variable isn't set */
739 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
741 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_TIME");
744 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
746 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE");
749 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
751 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE");
754 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
756 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY");
759 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
761 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC");
764 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
766 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES");
770 /* This is a category, like PAPER_SIZE that we don't
771 * know about; and so can't provide a wrapper. */
775 locale = PerlEnv_getenv("LANG");
785 result = setlocale(category, locale);
786 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
787 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, result)));
789 if (! override_LC_ALL) {
793 /* Here the input category was LC_ALL, and we have set it to what is in the
794 * LANG variable or the system default if there is no LANG. But these have
795 * lower priority than the other LC_foo variables, so override it for each
796 * one that is set. (If they are set to "", it means to use the same thing
797 * we just set LC_ALL to, so can skip) */
798 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_TIME
799 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_TIME");
800 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
801 setlocale(LC_TIME, result);
802 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
804 setlocale_debug_string(LC_TIME, result, "not captured")));
807 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
808 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE");
809 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
810 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, result);
811 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
813 setlocale_debug_string(LC_CTYPE, result, "not captured")));
816 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
817 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE");
818 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
819 setlocale(LC_COLLATE, result);
820 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
822 setlocale_debug_string(LC_COLLATE, result, "not captured")));
825 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
826 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY");
827 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
828 setlocale(LC_MONETARY, result);
829 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
831 setlocale_debug_string(LC_MONETARY, result, "not captured")));
834 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
835 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC");
836 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
837 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, result);
838 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
840 setlocale_debug_string(LC_NUMERIC, result, "not captured")));
843 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
844 result = PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES");
845 if (result && strNE(result, "")) {
846 setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, result);
847 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
849 setlocale_debug_string(LC_MESSAGES, result, "not captured")));
853 result = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
854 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s:%d: %s\n",
856 setlocale_debug_string(LC_ALL, NULL, result)));
864 Perl_setlocale(int category, const char * locale)
866 /* This wraps POSIX::setlocale() */
872 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
874 /* A NULL locale means only query what the current one is. We
875 * have the LC_NUMERIC name saved, because we are normally switched
876 * into the C locale for it. Switch back so an LC_ALL query will yield
877 * the correct results; all other categories don't require special
879 if (locale == NULL) {
880 if (category == LC_NUMERIC) {
881 return savepv(PL_numeric_name);
886 else if (category == LC_ALL) {
887 SET_NUMERIC_UNDERLYING();
896 retval = my_setlocale(category, locale);
898 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
899 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
900 setlocale_debug_string(category, locale, retval)));
902 /* Should never happen that a query would return an error, but be
903 * sure and reset to C locale */
905 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
910 /* Save retval since subsequent setlocale() calls may overwrite it. */
911 retval = savepv(retval);
913 /* If locale == NULL, we are just querying the state, but may have switched
914 * to NUMERIC_UNDERLYING. Switch back before returning. */
915 if (locale == NULL) {
916 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
919 else { /* Now that have switched locales, we have to update our records to
922 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
924 if ( category == LC_CTYPE
928 || category == LC_ALL
938 if (category == LC_ALL) {
939 newctype = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
940 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
941 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
942 setlocale_debug_string(LC_CTYPE, NULL, newctype)));
952 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
954 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
956 if ( category == LC_COLLATE
960 || category == LC_ALL
970 if (category == LC_ALL) {
971 newcoll = setlocale(LC_COLLATE, NULL);
972 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
973 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
974 setlocale_debug_string(LC_COLLATE, NULL, newcoll)));
981 new_collate(newcoll);
984 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
986 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
988 if ( category == LC_NUMERIC
992 || category == LC_ALL
1002 if (category == LC_ALL) {
1003 newnum = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL);
1004 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1005 "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,
1006 setlocale_debug_string(LC_NUMERIC, NULL, newnum)));
1013 new_numeric(newnum);
1016 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1025 PERL_STATIC_INLINE const char *
1026 S_save_to_buffer(const char * string, char **buf, Size_t *buf_size, const Size_t offset)
1028 /* Copy the NUL-terminated 'string' to 'buf' + 'offset'. 'buf' has size 'buf_size',
1029 * growing it if necessary */
1031 const Size_t string_size = strlen(string) + offset + 1;
1033 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVE_TO_BUFFER;
1035 if (*buf_size == 0) {
1036 Newx(*buf, string_size, char);
1037 *buf_size = string_size;
1039 else if (string_size > *buf_size) {
1040 Renew(*buf, string_size, char);
1041 *buf_size = string_size;
1044 Copy(string, *buf + offset, string_size - offset, char);
1050 =head1 Locale-related functions and macros
1052 =for apidoc Perl_langinfo
1054 This is an (almostª) drop-in replacement for the system C<L<nl_langinfo(3)>>,
1055 taking the same C<item> parameter values, and returning the same information.
1056 But it is more thread-safe than regular C<nl_langinfo()>, and hides the quirks
1057 of Perl's locale handling from your code, and can be used on systems that lack
1058 a native C<nl_langinfo>.
1066 It delivers the correct results for the C<RADIXCHAR> and C<THOUSESEP> items,
1067 without you having to write extra code. The reason for the extra code would be
1068 because these are from the C<LC_NUMERIC> locale category, which is normally
1069 kept set to the C locale by Perl, no matter what the underlying locale is
1070 supposed to be, and so to get the expected results, you have to temporarily
1071 toggle into the underlying locale, and later toggle back. (You could use
1072 plain C<nl_langinfo> and C<L</STORE_LC_NUMERIC_FORCE_TO_UNDERLYING>> for this
1073 but then you wouldn't get the other advantages of C<Perl_langinfo()>; not
1074 keeping C<LC_NUMERIC> in the C locale would break a lot of CPAN, which is
1075 expecting the radix (decimal point) character to be a dot.)
1079 Depending on C<item>, it works on systems that don't have C<nl_langinfo>, hence
1080 makes your code more portable. Of the fifty-some possible items specified by
1081 the POSIX 2008 standard,
1082 L<http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/langinfo.h.html>,
1083 only two are completely unimplemented. It uses various techniques to recover
1084 the other items, including calling C<L<localeconv(3)>>, and C<L<strftime(3)>>,
1085 both of which are specified in C89, so should be always be available. Later
1086 C<strftime()> versions have additional capabilities; C<""> is returned for
1087 those not available on your system.
1089 The details for those items which may differ from what this emulation returns
1090 and what a native C<nl_langinfo()> would return are:
1098 Unimplemented, so returns C<"">.
1104 Only the values for English are returned. Earlier POSIX standards also
1105 specified C<YESSTR> and C<NOSTR>, but these have been removed from POSIX 2008,
1106 and aren't supported by C<Perl_langinfo>.
1110 Always evaluates to C<%x>, the locale's appropriate date representation.
1114 Always evaluates to C<%X>, the locale's appropriate time representation.
1118 Always evaluates to C<%c>, the locale's appropriate date and time
1123 The return may be incorrect for those rare locales where the currency symbol
1124 replaces the radix character.
1125 Send email to L<mailto:perlbug@perl.org> if you have examples of it needing
1126 to work differently.
1130 Currently this gives the same results as Linux does.
1131 Send email to L<mailto:perlbug@perl.org> if you have examples of it needing
1132 to work differently.
1138 =item C<ERA_D_T_FMT>
1142 These are derived by using C<strftime()>, and not all versions of that function
1143 know about them. C<""> is returned for these on such systems.
1147 When using C<Perl_langinfo> on systems that don't have a native
1148 C<nl_langinfo()>, you must
1150 #include "perl_langinfo.h"
1152 before the C<perl.h> C<#include>. You can replace your C<langinfo.h>
1153 C<#include> with this one. (Doing it this way keeps out the symbols that plain
1154 C<langinfo.h> imports into the namespace for code that doesn't need it.)
1156 You also should not use the bare C<langinfo.h> item names, but should preface
1157 them with C<PERL_>, so use C<PERL_RADIXCHAR> instead of plain C<RADIXCHAR>.
1158 The C<PERL_I<foo>> versions will also work for this function on systems that do
1159 have a native C<nl_langinfo>.
1163 It is thread-friendly, returning its result in a buffer that won't be
1164 overwritten by another thread, so you don't have to code for that possibility.
1165 The buffer can be overwritten by the next call to C<nl_langinfo> or
1166 C<Perl_langinfo> in the same thread.
1170 ªIt returns S<C<const char *>>, whereas plain C<nl_langinfo()> returns S<C<char
1171 *>>, but you are (only by documentation) forbidden to write into the buffer.
1172 By declaring this C<const>, the compiler enforces this restriction. The extra
1173 C<const> is why this isn't an unequivocal drop-in replacement for
1178 The original impetus for C<Perl_langinfo()> was so that code that needs to
1179 find out the current currency symbol, floating point radix character, or digit
1180 grouping separator can use, on all systems, the simpler and more
1181 thread-friendly C<nl_langinfo> API instead of C<L<localeconv(3)>> which is a
1182 pain to make thread-friendly. For other fields returned by C<localeconv>, it
1183 is better to use the methods given in L<perlcall> to call
1184 L<C<POSIX::localeconv()>|POSIX/localeconv>, which is thread-friendly.
1191 #ifdef HAS_NL_LANGINFO
1192 Perl_langinfo(const nl_item item)
1194 Perl_langinfo(const int item)
1200 #if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) /* nl_langinfo() is available. */
1201 #if ! defined(HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE)
1203 /* Here, use plain nl_langinfo(), switching to the underlying LC_NUMERIC
1204 * for those items dependent on it. This must be copied to a buffer before
1205 * switching back, as some systems destroy the buffer when setlocale() is
1211 if (item == PERL_RADIXCHAR || item == PERL_THOUSEP) {
1212 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
1219 save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo(item), &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
1222 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
1227 return PL_langinfo_buf;
1229 # else /* Use nl_langinfo_l(), avoiding both a mutex and changing the locale */
1231 bool do_free = FALSE;
1232 locale_t cur = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
1234 if (cur == LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE) {
1235 cur = duplocale(LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE);
1240 && (item == PERL_RADIXCHAR || item == PERL_THOUSEP))
1242 cur = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, PL_numeric_name, cur);
1246 save_to_buffer(nl_langinfo_l(item, cur),
1247 &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
1252 return PL_langinfo_buf;
1255 #else /* Below, emulate nl_langinfo as best we can */
1256 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
1258 const struct lconv* lc;
1261 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
1264 bool return_format = FALSE; /* Return the %format, not the value */
1265 const char * format;
1269 /* We copy the results to a per-thread buffer, even if not multi-threaded.
1270 * This is in part to simplify this code, and partly because we need a
1271 * buffer anyway for strftime(), and partly because a call of localeconv()
1272 * could otherwise wipe out the buffer, and the programmer would not be
1273 * expecting this, as this is a nl_langinfo() substitute after all, so s/he
1274 * might be thinking their localeconv() is safe until another localeconv()
1279 const char * retval;
1281 /* These 2 are unimplemented */
1283 case PERL_ERA: /* For use with strftime() %E modifier */
1288 /* We use only an English set, since we don't know any more */
1289 case PERL_YESEXPR: return "^[+1yY]";
1290 case PERL_NOEXPR: return "^[-0nN]";
1292 # ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
1299 if (! lc || ! lc->currency_symbol || strEQ("", lc->currency_symbol))
1305 /* Leave the first spot empty to be filled in below */
1306 save_to_buffer(lc->currency_symbol, &PL_langinfo_buf,
1307 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 1);
1308 if (lc->mon_decimal_point && strEQ(lc->mon_decimal_point, ""))
1309 { /* khw couldn't figure out how the localedef specifications
1310 would show that the $ should replace the radix; this is
1311 just a guess as to how it might work.*/
1312 *PL_langinfo_buf = '.';
1314 else if (lc->p_cs_precedes) {
1315 *PL_langinfo_buf = '-';
1318 *PL_langinfo_buf = '+';
1324 case PERL_RADIXCHAR:
1330 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, PL_numeric_name);
1337 else switch (item) {
1338 case PERL_RADIXCHAR:
1339 if (! lc->decimal_point) {
1343 retval = lc->decimal_point;
1348 if (! lc->thousands_sep || strEQ("", lc->thousands_sep)) {
1352 retval = lc->thousands_sep;
1358 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: %s: %d: switch case: %d problem",
1359 __FILE__, __LINE__, item);
1362 save_to_buffer(retval, &PL_langinfo_buf, &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
1365 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
1373 # ifdef HAS_STRFTIME
1375 /* These are defined by C89, so we assume that strftime supports them,
1376 * and so are returned unconditionally; they may not be what the locale
1377 * actually says, but should give good enough results for someone using
1378 * them as formats (as opposed to trying to parse them to figure out
1379 * what the locale says). The other format ones are actually tested to
1380 * verify they work on the platform */
1381 case PERL_D_FMT: return "%x";
1382 case PERL_T_FMT: return "%X";
1383 case PERL_D_T_FMT: return "%c";
1385 /* These formats are only available in later strfmtime's */
1386 case PERL_ERA_D_FMT: case PERL_ERA_T_FMT: case PERL_ERA_D_T_FMT:
1387 case PERL_T_FMT_AMPM:
1389 /* The rest can be gotten from most versions of strftime(). */
1390 case PERL_ABDAY_1: case PERL_ABDAY_2: case PERL_ABDAY_3:
1391 case PERL_ABDAY_4: case PERL_ABDAY_5: case PERL_ABDAY_6:
1393 case PERL_ALT_DIGITS:
1394 case PERL_AM_STR: case PERL_PM_STR:
1395 case PERL_ABMON_1: case PERL_ABMON_2: case PERL_ABMON_3:
1396 case PERL_ABMON_4: case PERL_ABMON_5: case PERL_ABMON_6:
1397 case PERL_ABMON_7: case PERL_ABMON_8: case PERL_ABMON_9:
1398 case PERL_ABMON_10: case PERL_ABMON_11: case PERL_ABMON_12:
1399 case PERL_DAY_1: case PERL_DAY_2: case PERL_DAY_3: case PERL_DAY_4:
1400 case PERL_DAY_5: case PERL_DAY_6: case PERL_DAY_7:
1401 case PERL_MON_1: case PERL_MON_2: case PERL_MON_3: case PERL_MON_4:
1402 case PERL_MON_5: case PERL_MON_6: case PERL_MON_7: case PERL_MON_8:
1403 case PERL_MON_9: case PERL_MON_10: case PERL_MON_11: case PERL_MON_12:
1407 init_tm(&tm); /* Precaution against core dumps */
1411 tm.tm_year = 2017 - 1900;
1417 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: %s: %d: switch case: %d problem",
1418 __FILE__, __LINE__, item);
1419 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1421 case PERL_PM_STR: tm.tm_hour = 18;
1426 case PERL_ABDAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
1427 case PERL_ABDAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
1428 case PERL_ABDAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
1429 case PERL_ABDAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
1430 case PERL_ABDAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
1431 case PERL_ABDAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
1436 case PERL_DAY_7: tm.tm_wday++;
1437 case PERL_DAY_6: tm.tm_wday++;
1438 case PERL_DAY_5: tm.tm_wday++;
1439 case PERL_DAY_4: tm.tm_wday++;
1440 case PERL_DAY_3: tm.tm_wday++;
1441 case PERL_DAY_2: tm.tm_wday++;
1446 case PERL_ABMON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
1447 case PERL_ABMON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
1448 case PERL_ABMON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
1449 case PERL_ABMON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
1450 case PERL_ABMON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
1451 case PERL_ABMON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
1452 case PERL_ABMON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
1453 case PERL_ABMON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
1454 case PERL_ABMON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
1455 case PERL_ABMON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
1456 case PERL_ABMON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
1461 case PERL_MON_12: tm.tm_mon++;
1462 case PERL_MON_11: tm.tm_mon++;
1463 case PERL_MON_10: tm.tm_mon++;
1464 case PERL_MON_9: tm.tm_mon++;
1465 case PERL_MON_8: tm.tm_mon++;
1466 case PERL_MON_7: tm.tm_mon++;
1467 case PERL_MON_6: tm.tm_mon++;
1468 case PERL_MON_5: tm.tm_mon++;
1469 case PERL_MON_4: tm.tm_mon++;
1470 case PERL_MON_3: tm.tm_mon++;
1471 case PERL_MON_2: tm.tm_mon++;
1476 case PERL_T_FMT_AMPM:
1478 return_format = TRUE;
1481 case PERL_ERA_D_FMT:
1483 return_format = TRUE;
1486 case PERL_ERA_T_FMT:
1488 return_format = TRUE;
1491 case PERL_ERA_D_T_FMT:
1493 return_format = TRUE;
1496 case PERL_ALT_DIGITS:
1498 format = "%Ow"; /* Find the alternate digit for 0 */
1502 /* We can't use my_strftime() because it doesn't look at tm_wday */
1503 while (0 == strftime(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize,
1506 /* A zero return means one of:
1507 * a) there wasn't enough space in PL_langinfo_buf
1508 * b) the format, like a plain %p, returns empty
1509 * c) it was an illegal format, though some implementations of
1510 * strftime will just return the illegal format as a plain
1511 * character sequence.
1513 * To quickly test for case 'b)', try again but precede the
1514 * format with a plain character. If that result is still
1515 * empty, the problem is either 'a)' or 'c)' */
1517 Size_t format_size = strlen(format) + 1;
1518 Size_t mod_size = format_size + 1;
1522 Newx(mod_format, mod_size, char);
1523 Newx(temp_result, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
1525 my_strlcpy(mod_format + 1, format, mod_size);
1526 len = strftime(temp_result,
1527 PL_langinfo_bufsize,
1529 Safefree(mod_format);
1530 Safefree(temp_result);
1532 /* If 'len' is non-zero, it means that we had a case like %p
1533 * which means the current locale doesn't use a.m. or p.m., and
1537 /* Here, still didn't work. If we get well beyond a
1538 * reasonable size, bail out to prevent an infinite loop. */
1540 if (PL_langinfo_bufsize > 100 * format_size) {
1541 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
1543 else { /* Double the buffer size to retry; Add 1 in case
1544 original was 0, so we aren't stuck at 0. */
1545 PL_langinfo_bufsize *= 2;
1546 PL_langinfo_bufsize++;
1547 Renew(PL_langinfo_buf, PL_langinfo_bufsize, char);
1555 /* Here, we got a result.
1557 * If the item is 'ALT_DIGITS', PL_langinfo_buf contains the
1558 * alternate format for wday 0. If the value is the same as the
1559 * normal 0, there isn't an alternate, so clear the buffer. */
1560 if ( item == PERL_ALT_DIGITS
1561 && strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, "0"))
1563 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
1566 /* ALT_DIGITS is problematic. Experiments on it showed that
1567 * strftime() did not always work properly when going from alt-9 to
1568 * alt-10. Only a few locales have this item defined, and in all
1569 * of them on Linux that khw was able to find, nl_langinfo() merely
1570 * returned the alt-0 character, possibly doubled. Most Unicode
1571 * digits are in blocks of 10 consecutive code points, so that is
1572 * sufficient information for those scripts, as we can infer alt-1,
1573 * alt-2, .... But for a Japanese locale, a CJK ideographic 0 is
1574 * returned, and the CJK digits are not in code point order, so you
1575 * can't really infer anything. The localedef for this locale did
1576 * specify the succeeding digits, so that strftime() works properly
1577 * on them, without needing to infer anything. But the
1578 * nl_langinfo() return did not give sufficient information for the
1579 * caller to understand what's going on. So until there is
1580 * evidence that it should work differently, this returns the alt-0
1581 * string for ALT_DIGITS.
1583 * wday was chosen because its range is all a single digit. Things
1584 * like tm_sec have two digits as the minimum: '00' */
1588 /* If to return the format, not the value, overwrite the buffer
1589 * with it. But some strftime()s will keep the original format if
1590 * illegal, so change those to "" */
1591 if (return_format) {
1592 if (strEQ(PL_langinfo_buf, format)) {
1593 *PL_langinfo_buf = '\0';
1596 save_to_buffer(format, &PL_langinfo_buf,
1597 &PL_langinfo_bufsize, 0);
1607 return PL_langinfo_buf;
1614 * Initialize locale awareness.
1617 Perl_init_i18nl10n(pTHX_ int printwarn)
1621 * 0 if not to output warning when setup locale is bad
1622 * 1 if to output warning based on value of PERL_BADLANG
1623 * >1 if to output regardless of PERL_BADLANG
1626 * 1 = set ok or not applicable,
1627 * 0 = fallback to a locale of lower priority
1628 * -1 = fallback to all locales failed, not even to the C locale
1630 * Under -DDEBUGGING, if the environment variable PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT is
1631 * set, debugging information is output.
1633 * This looks more complicated than it is, mainly due to the #ifdefs.
1635 * We try to set LC_ALL to the value determined by the environment. If
1636 * there is no LC_ALL on this platform, we try the individual categories we
1637 * know about. If this works, we are done.
1639 * But if it doesn't work, we have to do something else. We search the
1640 * environment variables ourselves instead of relying on the system to do
1641 * it. We look at, in order, LC_ALL, LANG, a system default locale (if we
1642 * think there is one), and the ultimate fallback "C". This is all done in
1643 * the same loop as above to avoid duplicating code, but it makes things
1644 * more complex. After the original failure, we add the fallback
1645 * possibilities to the list of locales to try, and iterate the loop
1646 * through them all until one succeeds.
1648 * On Ultrix, the locale MUST come from the environment, so there is
1649 * preliminary code to set it. I (khw) am not sure that it is necessary,
1650 * and that this couldn't be folded into the loop, but barring any real
1651 * platforms to test on, it's staying as-is
1653 * A slight complication is that in embedded Perls, the locale may already
1654 * be set-up, and we don't want to get it from the normal environment
1655 * variables. This is handled by having a special environment variable
1656 * indicate we're in this situation. We simply set setlocale's 2nd
1657 * parameter to be a NULL instead of "". That indicates to setlocale that
1658 * it is not to change anything, but to return the current value,
1659 * effectively initializing perl's db to what the locale already is.
1661 * We play the same trick with NULL if a LC_ALL succeeds. We call
1662 * setlocale() on the individual categores with NULL to get their existing
1663 * values for our db, instead of trying to change them.
1668 #if defined(USE_LOCALE)
1669 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1670 char *curctype = NULL;
1671 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1672 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1673 char *curcoll = NULL;
1674 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1675 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1676 char *curnum = NULL;
1677 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1679 const char * const language = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANGUAGE"));
1682 /* NULL uses the existing already set up locale */
1683 const char * const setlocale_init = (PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_SKIP_LOCALE_INIT"))
1686 const char* trial_locales[5]; /* 5 = 1 each for "", LC_ALL, LANG, "", C */
1687 unsigned int trial_locales_count;
1688 const char * const lc_all = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LC_ALL"));
1689 const char * const lang = savepv(PerlEnv_getenv("LANG"));
1690 bool setlocale_failure = FALSE;
1693 /* A later getenv() could zap this, so only use here */
1694 const char * const bad_lang_use_once = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADLANG");
1696 const bool locwarn = (printwarn > 1
1698 && (! bad_lang_use_once
1700 /* disallow with "" or "0" */
1702 && strNE("0", bad_lang_use_once)))));
1704 char * sl_result; /* return from setlocale() */
1705 char * locale_param;
1707 /* In some systems you can find out the system default locale
1708 * and use that as the fallback locale. */
1709 # define SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
1711 #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
1712 const char *system_default_locale = NULL;
1716 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(cBOOL(PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT")));
1717 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(category, locale, result) \
1719 if (debug_initialization) { \
1720 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, \
1722 __FILE__, __LINE__, \
1723 setlocale_debug_string(category, \
1729 # define DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(a,b,c)
1732 #ifndef LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
1733 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(done);
1734 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(locale_param);
1738 * Ultrix setlocale(..., "") fails if there are no environment
1739 * variables from which to get a locale name.
1744 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_ALL, setlocale_init);
1745 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, setlocale_init, sl_result);
1749 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1751 if (! setlocale_failure) {
1752 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1753 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_CTYPE")))
1756 curctype = my_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, locale_param);
1757 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, locale_param, sl_result);
1759 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1761 curctype = savepv(curctype);
1762 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1763 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1764 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_COLLATE")))
1767 curcoll = my_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, locale_param);
1768 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, locale_param, sl_result);
1770 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1772 curcoll = savepv(curcoll);
1773 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1774 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1775 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_NUMERIC")))
1778 curnum = my_setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, locale_param);
1779 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, locale_param, sl_result);
1781 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1783 curnum = savepv(curnum);
1784 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1785 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
1786 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MESSAGES")))
1789 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, locale_param);
1790 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MESSAGES, locale_param, sl_result);
1792 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1794 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES */
1795 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
1796 locale_param = (! done && (lang || PerlEnv_getenv("LC_MONETARY")))
1799 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MONETARY, locale_param);
1800 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MONETARY, locale_param, sl_result);
1802 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1804 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */
1807 # endif /* LC_ALL */
1809 #endif /* !LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED */
1811 /* We try each locale in the list until we get one that works, or exhaust
1812 * the list. Normally the loop is executed just once. But if setting the
1813 * locale fails, inside the loop we add fallback trials to the array and so
1814 * will execute the loop multiple times */
1815 trial_locales[0] = setlocale_init;
1816 trial_locales_count = 1;
1817 for (i= 0; i < trial_locales_count; i++) {
1818 const char * trial_locale = trial_locales[i];
1822 /* XXX This is to preserve old behavior for LOCALE_ENVIRON_REQUIRED
1823 * when i==0, but I (khw) don't think that behavior makes much
1825 setlocale_failure = FALSE;
1827 #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
1829 /* On Windows machines, an entry of "" after the 0th means to use
1830 * the system default locale, which we now proceed to get. */
1831 if (strEQ(trial_locale, "")) {
1834 /* Note that this may change the locale, but we are going to do
1835 * that anyway just below */
1836 system_default_locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1837 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, "", system_default_locale);
1839 /* Skip if invalid or it's already on the list of locales to
1841 if (! system_default_locale) {
1842 goto next_iteration;
1844 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
1845 if (strEQ(system_default_locale, trial_locales[j])) {
1846 goto next_iteration;
1850 trial_locale = system_default_locale;
1853 #endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
1857 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_ALL, trial_locale);
1858 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_ALL, trial_locale, sl_result);
1860 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1863 /* Since LC_ALL succeeded, it should have changed all the other
1864 * categories it can to its value; so we massage things so that the
1865 * setlocales below just return their category's current values.
1866 * This adequately handles the case in NetBSD where LC_COLLATE may
1867 * not be defined for a locale, and setting it individually will
1868 * fail, whereas setting LC_ALL suceeds, leaving LC_COLLATE set to
1869 * the POSIX locale. */
1870 trial_locale = NULL;
1874 if (!setlocale_failure) {
1875 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1877 curctype = my_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, trial_locale);
1878 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, trial_locale, curctype);
1880 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1882 curctype = savepv(curctype);
1883 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1884 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1886 curcoll = my_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, trial_locale);
1887 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, trial_locale, curcoll);
1889 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1891 curcoll = savepv(curcoll);
1892 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1893 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1895 curnum = my_setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, trial_locale);
1896 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, trial_locale, curnum);
1898 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1900 curnum = savepv(curnum);
1901 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1902 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
1903 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, trial_locale);
1904 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MESSAGES, trial_locale, sl_result);
1906 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1907 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES */
1908 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
1909 sl_result = my_setlocale(LC_MONETARY, trial_locale);
1910 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_MONETARY, trial_locale, sl_result);
1912 setlocale_failure = TRUE;
1913 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */
1915 if (! setlocale_failure) { /* Success */
1920 /* Here, something failed; will need to try a fallback. */
1926 if (locwarn) { /* Output failure info only on the first one */
1929 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1930 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed.\n");
1934 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1935 "perl: warning: Setting locale failed for the categories:\n\t");
1936 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
1938 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_CTYPE ");
1939 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
1940 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
1942 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_COLLATE ");
1943 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
1944 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
1946 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "LC_NUMERIC ");
1947 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
1948 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "and possibly others\n");
1952 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1953 "perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:\n");
1956 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1957 "\tLANGUAGE = %c%s%c,\n",
1958 language ? '"' : '(',
1959 language ? language : "unset",
1960 language ? '"' : ')');
1963 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1964 "\tLC_ALL = %c%s%c,\n",
1966 lc_all ? lc_all : "unset",
1967 lc_all ? '"' : ')');
1969 #if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
1973 /* Look through the environment for any variables of the
1974 * form qr/ ^ LC_ [A-Z]+ = /x, except LC_ALL which was
1975 * already handled above. These are assumed to be locale
1976 * settings. Output them and their values. */
1977 for (e = environ; *e; e++) {
1978 const STRLEN prefix_len = sizeof("LC_") - 1;
1981 if ( strBEGINs(*e, "LC_")
1982 && ! strBEGINs(*e, "LC_ALL=")
1983 && (uppers_len = strspn(*e + prefix_len,
1984 "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"))
1985 && ((*e)[prefix_len + uppers_len] == '='))
1987 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\t%.*s = \"%s\",\n",
1988 (int) (prefix_len + uppers_len), *e,
1989 *e + prefix_len + uppers_len + 1);
1994 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1995 "\t(possibly more locale environment variables)\n");
1998 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
1999 "\tLANG = %c%s%c\n",
2001 lang ? lang : "unset",
2004 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2005 " are supported and installed on your system.\n");
2008 /* Calculate what fallback locales to try. We have avoided this
2009 * until we have to, because failure is quite unlikely. This will
2010 * usually change the upper bound of the loop we are in.
2012 * Since the system's default way of setting the locale has not
2013 * found one that works, We use Perl's defined ordering: LC_ALL,
2014 * LANG, and the C locale. We don't try the same locale twice, so
2015 * don't add to the list if already there. (On POSIX systems, the
2016 * LC_ALL element will likely be a repeat of the 0th element "",
2017 * but there's no harm done by doing it explicitly.
2019 * Note that this tries the LC_ALL environment variable even on
2020 * systems which have no LC_ALL locale setting. This may or may
2021 * not have been originally intentional, but there's no real need
2022 * to change the behavior. */
2024 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
2025 if (strEQ(lc_all, trial_locales[j])) {
2029 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lc_all;
2034 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
2035 if (strEQ(lang, trial_locales[j])) {
2039 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = lang;
2043 #if defined(WIN32) && defined(LC_ALL)
2044 /* For Windows, we also try the system default locale before "C".
2045 * (If there exists a Windows without LC_ALL we skip this because
2046 * it gets too complicated. For those, the "C" is the next
2047 * fallback possibility). The "" is the same as the 0th element of
2048 * the array, but the code at the loop above knows to treat it
2049 * differently when not the 0th */
2050 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "";
2053 for (j = 0; j < trial_locales_count; j++) {
2054 if (strEQ("C", trial_locales[j])) {
2058 trial_locales[trial_locales_count++] = "C";
2061 } /* end of first time through the loop */
2067 } /* end of looping through the trial locales */
2069 if (ok < 1) { /* If we tried to fallback */
2071 if (! setlocale_failure) { /* fallback succeeded */
2072 msg = "Falling back to";
2074 else { /* fallback failed */
2076 /* We dropped off the end of the loop, so have to decrement i to
2077 * get back to the value the last time through */
2081 msg = "Failed to fall back to";
2083 /* To continue, we should use whatever values we've got */
2084 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2086 curctype = savepv(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL));
2087 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_CTYPE, NULL, curctype);
2088 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
2089 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2091 curcoll = savepv(setlocale(LC_COLLATE, NULL));
2092 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_COLLATE, NULL, curcoll);
2093 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
2094 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2096 curnum = savepv(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL));
2097 DEBUG_LOCALE_INIT(LC_NUMERIC, NULL, curnum);
2098 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
2102 const char * description;
2103 const char * name = "";
2104 if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "C")) {
2105 description = "the standard locale";
2108 #ifdef SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE
2109 else if (strEQ(trial_locales[i], "")) {
2110 description = "the system default locale";
2111 if (system_default_locale) {
2112 name = system_default_locale;
2115 #endif /* SYSTEM_DEFAULT_LOCALE */
2117 description = "a fallback locale";
2118 name = trial_locales[i];
2120 if (name && strNE(name, "")) {
2121 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2122 "perl: warning: %s %s (\"%s\").\n", msg, description, name);
2125 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2126 "perl: warning: %s %s.\n", msg, description);
2129 } /* End of tried to fallback */
2131 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2132 new_ctype(curctype);
2133 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
2135 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2136 new_collate(curcoll);
2137 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
2139 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2140 new_numeric(curnum);
2141 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
2143 #if defined(USE_PERLIO) && defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE)
2144 /* Set PL_utf8locale to TRUE if using PerlIO _and_ the current LC_CTYPE
2145 * locale is UTF-8. If PL_utf8locale and PL_unicode (set by -C or by
2146 * $ENV{PERL_UNICODE}) are true, perl.c:S_parse_body() will turn on the
2147 * PerlIO :utf8 layer on STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, _and_ the default open
2149 PL_utf8locale = _is_cur_LC_category_utf8(LC_CTYPE);
2151 /* Set PL_unicode to $ENV{PERL_UNICODE} if using PerlIO.
2152 This is an alternative to using the -C command line switch
2153 (the -C if present will override this). */
2155 const char *p = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_UNICODE");
2156 PL_unicode = p ? parse_unicode_opts(&p) : 0;
2157 if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG)
2162 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
2164 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
2165 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2167 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
2168 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
2170 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
2179 #else /* !USE_LOCALE */
2180 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(printwarn);
2181 #endif /* USE_LOCALE */
2184 /* So won't continue to output stuff */
2185 DEBUG_INITIALIZATION_set(FALSE);
2191 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2194 Perl__mem_collxfrm(pTHX_ const char *input_string,
2195 STRLEN len, /* Length of 'input_string' */
2196 STRLEN *xlen, /* Set to length of returned string
2197 (not including the collation index
2199 bool utf8 /* Is the input in UTF-8? */
2203 /* _mem_collxfrm() is a bit like strxfrm() but with two important
2204 * differences. First, it handles embedded NULs. Second, it allocates a bit
2205 * more memory than needed for the transformed data itself. The real
2206 * transformed data begins at offset COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN. *xlen is set to
2207 * the length of that, and doesn't include the collation index size.
2208 * Please see sv_collxfrm() to see how this is used. */
2210 #define COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN sizeof(PL_collation_ix)
2212 char * s = (char *) input_string;
2213 STRLEN s_strlen = strlen(input_string);
2215 STRLEN xAlloc; /* xalloc is a reserved word in VC */
2216 STRLEN length_in_chars;
2217 bool first_time = TRUE; /* Cleared after first loop iteration */
2219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT__MEM_COLLXFRM;
2221 /* Must be NUL-terminated */
2222 assert(*(input_string + len) == '\0');
2224 /* If this locale has defective collation, skip */
2225 if (PL_collxfrm_base == 0 && PL_collxfrm_mult == 0) {
2226 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2227 "_mem_collxfrm: locale's collation is defective\n"));
2231 /* Replace any embedded NULs with the control that sorts before any others.
2232 * This will give as good as possible results on strings that don't
2233 * otherwise contain that character, but otherwise there may be
2234 * less-than-perfect results with that character and NUL. This is
2235 * unavoidable unless we replace strxfrm with our own implementation. */
2236 if (UNLIKELY(s_strlen < len)) { /* Only execute if there is an embedded
2240 STRLEN sans_nuls_len;
2241 int try_non_controls;
2242 char this_replacement_char[] = "?\0"; /* Room for a two-byte string,
2243 making sure 2nd byte is NUL.
2245 STRLEN this_replacement_len;
2247 /* If we don't know what non-NUL control character sorts lowest for
2248 * this locale, find it */
2249 if (PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement == '\0') {
2251 char * cur_min_x = NULL; /* The min_char's xfrm, (except it also
2252 includes the collation index
2255 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking to replace NUL\n"));
2257 /* Unlikely, but it may be that no control will work to replace
2258 * NUL, in which case we instead look for any character. Controls
2259 * are preferred because collation order is, in general, context
2260 * sensitive, with adjoining characters affecting the order, and
2261 * controls are less likely to have such interactions, allowing the
2262 * NUL-replacement to stand on its own. (Another way to look at it
2263 * is to imagine what would happen if the NUL were replaced by a
2264 * combining character; it wouldn't work out all that well.) */
2265 for (try_non_controls = 0;
2266 try_non_controls < 2;
2269 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
2270 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
2271 char * x; /* j's xfrm plus collation index */
2272 STRLEN x_len; /* length of 'x' */
2273 STRLEN trial_len = 1;
2274 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
2276 /* Skip non-controls the first time through the loop. The
2277 * controls in a UTF-8 locale are the L1 ones */
2278 if (! try_non_controls && (PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale)
2285 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
2286 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
2288 /* Then transform it */
2289 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, trial_len, &x_len,
2290 0 /* The string is not in UTF-8 */);
2292 /* Ignore any character that didn't successfully transform.
2298 /* If this character's transformation is lower than
2299 * the current lowest, this one becomes the lowest */
2300 if ( cur_min_x == NULL
2301 || strLT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
2302 cur_min_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
2304 PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement = j;
2310 } /* end of loop through all 255 characters */
2312 /* Stop looking if found */
2317 /* Unlikely, but possible, if there aren't any controls that
2318 * work in the locale, repeat the loop, looking for any
2319 * character that works */
2320 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2321 "_mem_collxfrm: No control worked. Trying non-controls\n"));
2322 } /* End of loop to try first the controls, then any char */
2325 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2326 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to replace"
2327 " embedded NULs in locale %s with", PL_collation_name));
2331 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2332 "_mem_collxfrm: Replacing embedded NULs in locale %s with "
2333 "0x%02X\n", PL_collation_name, PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement));
2335 Safefree(cur_min_x);
2336 } /* End of determining the character that is to replace NULs */
2338 /* If the replacement is variant under UTF-8, it must match the
2339 * UTF8-ness as the original */
2340 if ( ! UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement) && utf8) {
2341 this_replacement_char[0] =
2342 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_HI(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
2343 this_replacement_char[1] =
2344 UTF8_EIGHT_BIT_LO(PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement);
2345 this_replacement_len = 2;
2348 this_replacement_char[0] = PL_strxfrm_NUL_replacement;
2349 /* this_replacement_char[1] = '\0' was done at initialization */
2350 this_replacement_len = 1;
2353 /* The worst case length for the replaced string would be if every
2354 * character in it is NUL. Multiply that by the length of each
2355 * replacement, and allow for a trailing NUL */
2356 sans_nuls_len = (len * this_replacement_len) + 1;
2357 Newx(sans_nuls, sans_nuls_len, char);
2360 /* Replace each NUL with the lowest collating control. Loop until have
2361 * exhausted all the NULs */
2362 while (s + s_strlen < e) {
2363 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
2365 /* Do the actual replacement */
2366 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, this_replacement_char, sans_nuls_len);
2368 /* Move past the input NUL */
2370 s_strlen = strlen(s);
2373 /* And add anything that trails the final NUL */
2374 my_strlcat(sans_nuls, s, sans_nuls_len);
2376 /* Switch so below we transform this modified string */
2379 } /* End of replacing NULs */
2381 /* Make sure the UTF8ness of the string and locale match */
2382 if (utf8 != PL_in_utf8_COLLATE_locale) {
2383 const char * const t = s; /* Temporary so we can later find where the
2386 /* Here they don't match. Change the string's to be what the locale is
2389 if (! utf8) { /* locale is UTF-8, but input isn't; upgrade the input */
2390 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len);
2393 else { /* locale is not UTF-8; but input is; downgrade the input */
2395 s = (char *) bytes_from_utf8((const U8 *) s, &len, &utf8);
2397 /* If the downgrade was successful we are done, but if the input
2398 * contains things that require UTF-8 to represent, have to do
2399 * damage control ... */
2400 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) {
2402 /* What we do is construct a non-UTF-8 string with
2403 * 1) the characters representable by a single byte converted
2404 * to be so (if necessary);
2405 * 2) and the rest converted to collate the same as the
2406 * highest collating representable character. That makes
2407 * them collate at the end. This is similar to how we
2408 * handle embedded NULs, but we use the highest collating
2409 * code point instead of the smallest. Like the NUL case,
2410 * this isn't perfect, but is the best we can reasonably
2411 * do. Every above-255 code point will sort the same as
2412 * the highest-sorting 0-255 code point. If that code
2413 * point can combine in a sequence with some other code
2414 * points for weight calculations, us changing something to
2415 * be it can adversely affect the results. But in most
2416 * cases, it should work reasonably. And note that this is
2417 * really an illegal situation: using code points above 255
2418 * on a locale where only 0-255 are valid. If two strings
2419 * sort entirely equal, then the sort order for the
2420 * above-255 code points will be in code point order. */
2424 /* If we haven't calculated the code point with the maximum
2425 * collating order for this locale, do so now */
2426 if (! PL_strxfrm_max_cp) {
2429 /* The current transformed string that collates the
2430 * highest (except it also includes the prefixed collation
2432 char * cur_max_x = NULL;
2434 /* Look through all legal code points (NUL isn't) */
2435 for (j = 1; j < 256; j++) {
2438 char cur_source[] = { '\0', '\0' };
2440 /* Create a 1-char string of the current code point */
2441 cur_source[0] = (char) j;
2443 /* Then transform it */
2444 x = _mem_collxfrm(cur_source, 1, &x_len, FALSE);
2446 /* If something went wrong (which it shouldn't), just
2447 * ignore this code point */
2452 /* If this character's transformation is higher than
2453 * the current highest, this one becomes the highest */
2454 if ( cur_max_x == NULL
2455 || strGT(x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
2456 cur_max_x + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN))
2458 PL_strxfrm_max_cp = j;
2467 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2468 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't find any character to"
2469 " replace above-Latin1 chars in locale %s with",
2470 PL_collation_name));
2474 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2475 "_mem_collxfrm: highest 1-byte collating character"
2476 " in locale %s is 0x%02X\n",
2478 PL_strxfrm_max_cp));
2480 Safefree(cur_max_x);
2483 /* Here we know which legal code point collates the highest.
2484 * We are ready to construct the non-UTF-8 string. The length
2485 * will be at least 1 byte smaller than the input string
2486 * (because we changed at least one 2-byte character into a
2487 * single byte), but that is eaten up by the trailing NUL */
2493 char * e = (char *) t + len;
2495 for (i = 0; i < len; i+= UTF8SKIP(t + i)) {
2497 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(cur_char)) {
2500 else if (UTF8_IS_NEXT_CHAR_DOWNGRADEABLE(t + i, e)) {
2501 s[d++] = EIGHT_BIT_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(cur_char, t[i+1]);
2503 else { /* Replace illegal cp with highest collating
2505 s[d++] = PL_strxfrm_max_cp;
2509 Renew(s, d, char); /* Free up unused space */
2514 /* Here, we have constructed a modified version of the input. It could
2515 * be that we already had a modified copy before we did this version.
2516 * If so, that copy is no longer needed */
2517 if (t != input_string) {
2522 length_in_chars = (utf8)
2523 ? utf8_length((U8 *) s, (U8 *) s + len)
2526 /* The first element in the output is the collation id, used by
2527 * sv_collxfrm(); then comes the space for the transformed string. The
2528 * equation should give us a good estimate as to how much is needed */
2529 xAlloc = COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN
2531 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
2532 Newx(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
2533 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
2534 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2535 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't malloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
2539 /* Store the collation id */
2540 *(U32*)xbuf = PL_collation_ix;
2542 /* Then the transformation of the input. We loop until successful, or we
2546 *xlen = strxfrm(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN, s, xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
2548 /* If the transformed string occupies less space than we told strxfrm()
2549 * was available, it means it successfully transformed the whole
2551 if (*xlen < xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN) {
2553 /* Some systems include a trailing NUL in the returned length.
2554 * Ignore it, using a loop in case multiple trailing NULs are
2557 && *(xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + (*xlen) - 1) == '\0')
2562 /* If the first try didn't get it, it means our prediction was low.
2563 * Modify the coefficients so that we predict a larger value in any
2564 * future transformations */
2566 STRLEN needed = *xlen + 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
2567 STRLEN computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
2568 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
2570 /* On zero-length input, just keep current slope instead of
2572 const STRLEN new_m = (length_in_chars != 0)
2573 ? needed / length_in_chars
2576 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2577 "%s: %d: initial size of %zu bytes for a length "
2578 "%zu string was insufficient, %zu needed\n",
2580 computed_guess, length_in_chars, needed));
2582 /* If slope increased, use it, but discard this result for
2583 * length 1 strings, as we can't be sure that it's a real slope
2585 if (length_in_chars > 1 && new_m > PL_collxfrm_mult) {
2587 STRLEN old_m = PL_collxfrm_mult;
2588 STRLEN old_b = PL_collxfrm_base;
2590 PL_collxfrm_mult = new_m;
2591 PL_collxfrm_base = 1; /* +1 For trailing NUL */
2592 computed_guess = PL_collxfrm_base
2593 + (PL_collxfrm_mult * length_in_chars);
2594 if (computed_guess < needed) {
2595 PL_collxfrm_base += needed - computed_guess;
2598 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2599 "%s: %d: slope is now %zu; was %zu, base "
2600 "is now %zu; was %zu\n",
2602 PL_collxfrm_mult, old_m,
2603 PL_collxfrm_base, old_b));
2605 else { /* Slope didn't change, but 'b' did */
2606 const STRLEN new_b = needed
2609 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2610 "%s: %d: base is now %zu; was %zu\n",
2612 new_b, PL_collxfrm_base));
2613 PL_collxfrm_base = new_b;
2620 if (UNLIKELY(*xlen >= PERL_INT_MAX)) {
2621 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2622 "_mem_collxfrm: Needed %zu bytes, max permissible is %u\n",
2623 *xlen, PERL_INT_MAX));
2627 /* A well-behaved strxfrm() returns exactly how much space it needs
2628 * (usually not including the trailing NUL) when it fails due to not
2629 * enough space being provided. Assume that this is the case unless
2630 * it's been proven otherwise */
2631 if (LIKELY(PL_strxfrm_is_behaved) && first_time) {
2632 xAlloc = *xlen + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + 1;
2634 else { /* Here, either:
2635 * 1) The strxfrm() has previously shown bad behavior; or
2636 * 2) It isn't the first time through the loop, which means
2637 * that the strxfrm() is now showing bad behavior, because
2638 * we gave it what it said was needed in the previous
2639 * iteration, and it came back saying it needed still more.
2640 * (Many versions of cygwin fit this. When the buffer size
2641 * isn't sufficient, they return the input size instead of
2642 * how much is needed.)
2643 * Increase the buffer size by a fixed percentage and try again.
2645 xAlloc += (xAlloc / 4) + 1;
2646 PL_strxfrm_is_behaved = FALSE;
2649 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
2650 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2651 "_mem_collxfrm required more space than previously calculated"
2652 " for locale %s, trying again with new guess=%d+%zu\n",
2653 PL_collation_name, (int) COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
2654 xAlloc - COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN);
2659 Renew(xbuf, xAlloc, char);
2660 if (UNLIKELY(! xbuf)) {
2661 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2662 "_mem_collxfrm: Couldn't realloc %zu bytes\n", xAlloc));
2671 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
2673 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, xlen, utf8);
2674 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Its xfrm is:");
2675 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s\n",
2676 _byte_dump_string((U8 *) xbuf + COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN,
2681 /* Free up unneeded space; retain ehough for trailing NUL */
2682 Renew(xbuf, COLLXFRM_HDR_LEN + *xlen + 1, char);
2684 if (s != input_string) {
2692 if (s != input_string) {
2697 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST || debug_initialization) {
2698 print_collxfrm_input_and_return(s, s + len, NULL, utf8);
2707 S_print_collxfrm_input_and_return(pTHX_
2708 const char * const s,
2709 const char * const e,
2710 const STRLEN * const xlen,
2714 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_COLLXFRM_INPUT_AND_RETURN;
2716 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "_mem_collxfrm[%" UVuf "]: returning ",
2717 (UV)PL_collation_ix);
2719 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%zu", *xlen);
2722 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "NULL");
2724 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " for locale '%s', string='",
2726 print_bytes_for_locale(s, e, is_utf8);
2728 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n");
2732 S_print_bytes_for_locale(pTHX_
2733 const char * const s,
2734 const char * const e,
2738 bool prev_was_printable = TRUE;
2739 bool first_time = TRUE;
2741 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PRINT_BYTES_FOR_LOCALE;
2745 ? utf8_to_uvchr_buf((U8 *) t, e, NULL)
2748 if (! prev_was_printable) {
2749 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
2751 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%c", (U8) cp);
2752 prev_was_printable = TRUE;
2756 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, " ");
2758 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%02" UVXf, cp);
2759 prev_was_printable = FALSE;
2761 t += (is_utf8) ? UTF8SKIP(t) : 1;
2766 #endif /* #ifdef DEBUGGING */
2768 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */
2773 Perl__is_cur_LC_category_utf8(pTHX_ int category)
2775 /* Returns TRUE if the current locale for 'category' is UTF-8; FALSE
2776 * otherwise. 'category' may not be LC_ALL. If the platform doesn't have
2777 * nl_langinfo(), nor MB_CUR_MAX, this employs a heuristic, which hence
2778 * could give the wrong result. The result will very likely be correct for
2779 * languages that have commonly used non-ASCII characters, but for notably
2780 * English, it comes down to if the locale's name ends in something like
2781 * "UTF-8". It errs on the side of not being a UTF-8 locale. */
2783 char *save_input_locale = NULL;
2787 assert(category != LC_ALL);
2790 /* First dispose of the trivial cases */
2791 save_input_locale = setlocale(category, NULL);
2792 if (! save_input_locale) {
2793 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2794 "Could not find current locale for category %d\n",
2796 return FALSE; /* XXX maybe should croak */
2798 save_input_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_input_locale));
2799 if (isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_input_locale)) {
2800 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2801 "Current locale for category %d is %s\n",
2802 category, save_input_locale));
2803 Safefree(save_input_locale);
2807 #if defined(USE_LOCALE_CTYPE) \
2808 && (defined(MB_CUR_MAX) || (defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) && defined(CODESET)))
2810 { /* Next try nl_langinfo or MB_CUR_MAX if available */
2812 char *save_ctype_locale = NULL;
2815 if (category != LC_CTYPE) { /* These work only on LC_CTYPE */
2817 /* Get the current LC_CTYPE locale */
2818 save_ctype_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
2819 if (! save_ctype_locale) {
2820 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2821 "Could not find current locale for LC_CTYPE\n"));
2822 goto cant_use_nllanginfo;
2824 save_ctype_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_ctype_locale));
2826 /* If LC_CTYPE and the desired category use the same locale, this
2827 * means that finding the value for LC_CTYPE is the same as finding
2828 * the value for the desired category. Otherwise, switch LC_CTYPE
2829 * to the desired category's locale */
2830 if (strEQ(save_ctype_locale, save_input_locale)) {
2831 Safefree(save_ctype_locale);
2832 save_ctype_locale = NULL;
2834 else if (! setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_input_locale)) {
2835 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2836 "Could not change LC_CTYPE locale to %s\n",
2837 save_input_locale));
2838 Safefree(save_ctype_locale);
2839 goto cant_use_nllanginfo;
2843 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Current LC_CTYPE locale=%s\n",
2844 save_input_locale));
2846 /* Here the current LC_CTYPE is set to the locale of the category whose
2847 * information is desired. This means that nl_langinfo() and MB_CUR_MAX
2848 * should give the correct results */
2850 # if defined(HAS_NL_LANGINFO) && defined(CODESET)
2852 char *codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
2853 if (codeset && strNE(codeset, "")) {
2854 codeset = savepv(codeset);
2856 /* If we switched LC_CTYPE, switch back */
2857 if (save_ctype_locale) {
2858 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_ctype_locale);
2859 Safefree(save_ctype_locale);
2862 is_utf8 = foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF-8"))
2863 || foldEQ(codeset, STR_WITH_LEN("UTF8"));
2865 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2866 "\tnllanginfo returned CODESET '%s'; ?UTF8 locale=%d\n",
2869 Safefree(save_input_locale);
2877 /* Here, either we don't have nl_langinfo, or it didn't return a
2878 * codeset. Try MB_CUR_MAX */
2880 /* Standard UTF-8 needs at least 4 bytes to represent the maximum
2881 * Unicode code point. Since UTF-8 is the only non-single byte
2882 * encoding we handle, we just say any such encoding is UTF-8, and if
2883 * turns out to be wrong, other things will fail */
2884 is_utf8 = MB_CUR_MAX >= 4;
2886 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2887 "\tMB_CUR_MAX=%d; ?UTF8 locale=%d\n",
2888 (int) MB_CUR_MAX, is_utf8));
2890 Safefree(save_input_locale);
2894 /* ... But, most system that have MB_CUR_MAX will also have mbtowc(),
2895 * since they are both in the C99 standard. We can feed a known byte
2896 * string to the latter function, and check that it gives the expected
2900 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(mbtowc(&wc, NULL, 0));/* Reset any shift state */
2902 if ((size_t)mbtowc(&wc, HYPHEN_UTF8, strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8))
2903 != strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8)
2904 || wc != (wchar_t) 0x2010)
2907 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\thyphen=U+%x\n", (unsigned int)wc));
2908 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2909 "\treturn from mbtowc=%d; errno=%d; ?UTF8 locale=0\n",
2910 mbtowc(&wc, HYPHEN_UTF8, strlen(HYPHEN_UTF8)), errno));
2915 /* If we switched LC_CTYPE, switch back */
2916 if (save_ctype_locale) {
2917 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, save_ctype_locale);
2918 Safefree(save_ctype_locale);
2925 cant_use_nllanginfo:
2927 #else /* nl_langinfo should work if available, so don't bother compiling this
2928 fallback code. The final fallback of looking at the name is
2929 compiled, and will be executed if nl_langinfo fails */
2931 /* nl_langinfo not available or failed somehow. Next try looking at the
2932 * currency symbol to see if it disambiguates things. Often that will be
2933 * in the native script, and if the symbol isn't in UTF-8, we know that the
2934 * locale isn't. If it is non-ASCII UTF-8, we infer that the locale is
2935 * too, as the odds of a non-UTF8 string being valid UTF-8 are quite small
2938 #ifdef HAS_LOCALECONV
2939 # ifdef USE_LOCALE_MONETARY
2941 char *save_monetary_locale = NULL;
2942 bool only_ascii = FALSE;
2943 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
2946 /* Like above for LC_CTYPE, we first set LC_MONETARY to the locale of
2947 * the desired category, if it isn't that locale already */
2949 if (category != LC_MONETARY) {
2951 save_monetary_locale = setlocale(LC_MONETARY, NULL);
2952 if (! save_monetary_locale) {
2953 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2954 "Could not find current locale for LC_MONETARY\n"));
2955 goto cant_use_monetary;
2957 save_monetary_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_monetary_locale));
2959 if (strEQ(save_monetary_locale, save_input_locale)) {
2960 Safefree(save_monetary_locale);
2961 save_monetary_locale = NULL;
2963 else if (! setlocale(LC_MONETARY, save_input_locale)) {
2964 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2965 "Could not change LC_MONETARY locale to %s\n",
2966 save_input_locale));
2967 Safefree(save_monetary_locale);
2968 goto cant_use_monetary;
2972 /* Here the current LC_MONETARY is set to the locale of the category
2973 * whose information is desired. */
2977 || ! lc->currency_symbol
2978 || is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) lc->currency_symbol, 0))
2980 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Couldn't get currency symbol for %s, or contains only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
2984 is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) lc->currency_symbol, 0);
2987 /* If we changed it, restore LC_MONETARY to its original locale */
2988 if (save_monetary_locale) {
2989 setlocale(LC_MONETARY, save_monetary_locale);
2990 Safefree(save_monetary_locale);
2995 /* It isn't a UTF-8 locale if the symbol is not legal UTF-8;
2996 * otherwise assume the locale is UTF-8 if and only if the symbol
2997 * is non-ascii UTF-8. */
2998 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?Currency symbol for %s is UTF-8=%d\n",
2999 save_input_locale, is_utf8));
3000 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3006 # endif /* USE_LOCALE_MONETARY */
3007 #endif /* HAS_LOCALECONV */
3009 #if defined(HAS_STRFTIME) && defined(USE_LOCALE_TIME)
3011 /* Still haven't found a non-ASCII string to disambiguate UTF-8 or not. Try
3012 * the names of the months and weekdays, timezone, and am/pm indicator */
3014 char *save_time_locale = NULL;
3016 bool is_dst = FALSE;
3020 char * formatted_time;
3023 /* Like above for LC_MONETARY, we set LC_TIME to the locale of the
3024 * desired category, if it isn't that locale already */
3026 if (category != LC_TIME) {
3028 save_time_locale = setlocale(LC_TIME, NULL);
3029 if (! save_time_locale) {
3030 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3031 "Could not find current locale for LC_TIME\n"));
3034 save_time_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_time_locale));
3036 if (strEQ(save_time_locale, save_input_locale)) {
3037 Safefree(save_time_locale);
3038 save_time_locale = NULL;
3040 else if (! setlocale(LC_TIME, save_input_locale)) {
3041 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3042 "Could not change LC_TIME locale to %s\n",
3043 save_input_locale));
3044 Safefree(save_time_locale);
3049 /* Here the current LC_TIME is set to the locale of the category
3050 * whose information is desired. Look at all the days of the week and
3051 * month names, and the timezone and am/pm indicator for UTF-8 variant
3052 * characters. The first such a one found will tell us if the locale
3053 * is UTF-8 or not */
3055 for (i = 0; i < 7 + 12; i++) { /* 7 days; 12 months */
3056 formatted_time = my_strftime("%A %B %Z %p",
3057 0, 0, hour, dom, month, 2012 - 1900, 0, 0, is_dst);
3058 if ( ! formatted_time
3059 || is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0))
3062 /* Here, we didn't find a non-ASCII. Try the next time through
3063 * with the complemented dst and am/pm, and try with the next
3064 * weekday. After we have gotten all weekdays, try the next
3067 hour = (hour + 12) % 24;
3075 /* Here, we have a non-ASCII. Return TRUE is it is valid UTF8;
3076 * false otherwise. But first, restore LC_TIME to its original
3077 * locale if we changed it */
3078 if (save_time_locale) {
3079 setlocale(LC_TIME, save_time_locale);
3080 Safefree(save_time_locale);
3083 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?time-related strings for %s are UTF-8=%d\n",
3085 is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0)));
3086 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3087 return is_utf8_string((U8 *) formatted_time, 0);
3090 /* Falling off the end of the loop indicates all the names were just
3091 * ASCII. Go on to the next test. If we changed it, restore LC_TIME
3092 * to its original locale */
3093 if (save_time_locale) {
3094 setlocale(LC_TIME, save_time_locale);
3095 Safefree(save_time_locale);
3097 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All time-related words for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
3103 #if 0 && defined(USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES) && defined(HAS_SYS_ERRLIST)
3105 /* This code is ifdefd out because it was found to not be necessary in testing
3106 * on our dromedary test machine, which has over 700 locales. There, this
3107 * added no value to looking at the currency symbol and the time strings. I
3108 * left it in so as to avoid rewriting it if real-world experience indicates
3109 * that dromedary is an outlier. Essentially, instead of returning abpve if we
3110 * haven't found illegal utf8, we continue on and examine all the strerror()
3111 * messages on the platform for utf8ness. If all are ASCII, we still don't
3112 * know the answer; but otherwise we have a pretty good indication of the
3113 * utf8ness. The reason this doesn't help much is that the messages may not
3114 * have been translated into the locale. The currency symbol and time strings
3115 * are much more likely to have been translated. */
3118 bool is_utf8 = FALSE;
3119 bool non_ascii = FALSE;
3120 char *save_messages_locale = NULL;
3121 const char * errmsg = NULL;
3123 /* Like above, we set LC_MESSAGES to the locale of the desired
3124 * category, if it isn't that locale already */
3126 if (category != LC_MESSAGES) {
3128 save_messages_locale = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
3129 if (! save_messages_locale) {
3130 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3131 "Could not find current locale for LC_MESSAGES\n"));
3132 goto cant_use_messages;
3134 save_messages_locale = stdize_locale(savepv(save_messages_locale));
3136 if (strEQ(save_messages_locale, save_input_locale)) {
3137 Safefree(save_messages_locale);
3138 save_messages_locale = NULL;
3140 else if (! setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_input_locale)) {
3141 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3142 "Could not change LC_MESSAGES locale to %s\n",
3143 save_input_locale));
3144 Safefree(save_messages_locale);
3145 goto cant_use_messages;
3149 /* Here the current LC_MESSAGES is set to the locale of the category
3150 * whose information is desired. Look through all the messages. We
3151 * can't use Strerror() here because it may expand to code that
3152 * segfaults in miniperl */
3154 for (e = 0; e <= sys_nerr; e++) {
3156 errmsg = sys_errlist[e];
3157 if (errno || !errmsg) {
3160 errmsg = savepv(errmsg);
3161 if (! is_utf8_invariant_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0)) {
3163 is_utf8 = is_utf8_string((U8 *) errmsg, 0);
3169 /* And, if we changed it, restore LC_MESSAGES to its original locale */
3170 if (save_messages_locale) {
3171 setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_messages_locale);
3172 Safefree(save_messages_locale);
3177 /* Any non-UTF-8 message means not a UTF-8 locale; if all are valid,
3178 * any non-ascii means it is one; otherwise we assume it isn't */
3179 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\t?error messages for %s are UTF-8=%d\n",
3182 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3186 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "All error messages for %s contain only ASCII; can't use for determining if UTF-8 locale\n", save_input_locale));
3192 #endif /* the code that is compiled when no nl_langinfo */
3194 #ifndef EBCDIC /* On os390, even if the name ends with "UTF-8', it isn't a
3196 /* As a last resort, look at the locale name to see if it matches
3197 * qr/UTF -? * 8 /ix, or some other common locale names. This "name", the
3198 * return of setlocale(), is actually defined to be opaque, so we can't
3199 * really rely on the absence of various substrings in the name to indicate
3200 * its UTF-8ness, but if it has UTF8 in the name, it is extremely likely to
3201 * be a UTF-8 locale. Similarly for the other common names */
3203 final_pos = strlen(save_input_locale) - 1;
3204 if (final_pos >= 3) {
3205 char *name = save_input_locale;
3207 /* Find next 'U' or 'u' and look from there */
3208 while ((name += strcspn(name, "Uu") + 1)
3209 <= save_input_locale + final_pos - 2)
3211 if (!isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*name, 't')
3212 || isALPHA_FOLD_NE(*(name + 1), 'f'))
3217 if (*(name) == '-') {
3218 if ((name > save_input_locale + final_pos - 1)) {
3223 if (*(name) == '8') {
3224 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3225 "Locale %s ends with UTF-8 in name\n",
3226 save_input_locale));
3227 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3231 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3232 "Locale %s doesn't end with UTF-8 in name\n",
3233 save_input_locale));
3238 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd317756.aspx */
3239 if (memENDs(save_input_locale, final_pos, "65001")) {
3240 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3241 "Locale %s ends with 65001 in name, is UTF-8 locale\n",
3242 save_input_locale));
3243 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3248 /* Other common encodings are the ISO 8859 series, which aren't UTF-8. But
3249 * since we are about to return FALSE anyway, there is no point in doing
3250 * this extra work */
3252 if (instr(save_input_locale, "8859")) {
3253 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3254 "Locale %s has 8859 in name, not UTF-8 locale\n",
3255 save_input_locale));
3256 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3261 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3262 "Assuming locale %s is not a UTF-8 locale\n",
3263 save_input_locale));
3264 Safefree(save_input_locale);
3272 Perl__is_in_locale_category(pTHX_ const bool compiling, const int category)
3275 /* Internal function which returns if we are in the scope of a pragma that
3276 * enables the locale category 'category'. 'compiling' should indicate if
3277 * this is during the compilation phase (TRUE) or not (FALSE). */
3279 const COP * const cop = (compiling) ? &PL_compiling : PL_curcop;
3281 SV *categories = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(cop, "locale", 0);
3282 if (! categories || categories == &PL_sv_placeholder) {
3286 /* The pseudo-category 'not_characters' is -1, so just add 1 to each to get
3287 * a valid unsigned */
3288 assert(category >= -1);
3289 return cBOOL(SvUV(categories) & (1U << (category + 1)));
3293 Perl_my_strerror(pTHX_ const int errnum)
3295 /* Returns a mortalized copy of the text of the error message associated
3296 * with 'errnum'. It uses the current locale's text unless the platform
3297 * doesn't have the LC_MESSAGES category or we are not being called from
3298 * within the scope of 'use locale'. In the former case, it uses whatever
3299 * strerror returns; in the latter case it uses the text from the C locale.
3301 * The function just calls strerror(), but temporarily switches, if needed,
3302 * to the C locale */
3307 #ifndef USE_LOCALE_MESSAGES
3309 /* If platform doesn't have messages category, we don't do any switching to
3310 * the C locale; we just use whatever strerror() returns */
3312 errstr = savepv(Strerror(errnum));
3314 #else /* Has locale messages */
3316 const bool within_locale_scope = IN_LC(LC_MESSAGES);
3318 # if defined(HAS_POSIX_2008_LOCALE) && defined(HAS_STRERROR_L)
3320 /* This function is trivial if we have strerror_l() */
3322 if (within_locale_scope) {
3323 errstr = strerror(errnum);
3326 errstr = strerror_l(errnum, PL_C_locale_obj);
3329 errstr = savepv(errstr);
3331 # else /* Doesn't have strerror_l(). */
3333 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3335 locale_t save_locale = NULL;
3339 char * save_locale = NULL;
3340 bool locale_is_C = FALSE;
3342 /* We have a critical section to prevent another thread from changing the
3343 * locale out from under us (or zapping the buffer returned from
3349 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3350 "my_strerror called with errnum %d\n", errnum));
3351 if (! within_locale_scope) {
3354 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE /* Use the thread-safe locale functions */
3356 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3357 "Not within locale scope, about to call"
3358 " uselocale(0x%p)\n", PL_C_locale_obj));
3359 save_locale = uselocale(PL_C_locale_obj);
3360 if (! save_locale) {
3361 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3362 "uselocale failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
3365 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3366 "uselocale returned 0x%p\n", save_locale));
3369 # else /* Not thread-safe build */
3371 save_locale = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
3372 if (! save_locale) {
3373 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3374 "setlocale failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
3377 locale_is_C = isNAME_C_OR_POSIX(save_locale);
3379 /* Switch to the C locale if not already in it */
3380 if (! locale_is_C) {
3382 /* The setlocale() just below likely will zap 'save_locale', so
3384 save_locale = savepv(save_locale);
3385 setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "C");
3391 } /* end of ! within_locale_scope */
3393 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: WITHIN locale scope\n",
3394 __FILE__, __LINE__));
3397 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3398 "Any locale change has been done; about to call Strerror\n"));
3399 errstr = savepv(Strerror(errnum));
3401 if (! within_locale_scope) {
3404 # ifdef USE_POSIX_2008_LOCALE
3406 DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3407 "%s: %d: not within locale scope, restoring the locale\n",
3408 __FILE__, __LINE__));
3409 if (save_locale && ! uselocale(save_locale)) {
3410 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3411 "uselocale restore failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
3417 if (save_locale && ! locale_is_C) {
3418 if (! setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, save_locale)) {
3419 DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3420 "setlocale restore failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
3422 Safefree(save_locale);
3429 # endif /* End of doesn't have strerror_l */
3430 #endif /* End of does have locale messages */
3434 if (DEBUG_Lv_TEST) {
3435 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Strerror returned; saving a copy: '");
3436 print_bytes_for_locale(errstr, errstr + strlen(errstr), 0);
3437 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "'\n");
3448 =for apidoc sync_locale
3450 Changing the program's locale should be avoided by XS code. Nevertheless,
3451 certain non-Perl libraries called from XS, such as C<Gtk> do so. When this
3452 happens, Perl needs to be told that the locale has changed. Use this function
3453 to do so, before returning to Perl.
3459 Perl_sync_locale(pTHX)
3462 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3463 new_ctype(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL));
3464 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_CTYPE */
3466 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3467 new_collate(setlocale(LC_COLLATE, NULL));
3470 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
3471 set_numeric_local(); /* Switch from "C" to underlying LC_NUMERIC */
3472 new_numeric(setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, NULL));
3473 #endif /* USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC */
3477 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && defined(USE_LOCALE)
3480 S_setlocale_debug_string(const int category, /* category number,
3482 const char* const locale, /* locale name */
3484 /* return value from setlocale() when attempting to
3485 * set 'category' to 'locale' */
3486 const char* const retval)
3488 /* Returns a pointer to a NUL-terminated string in static storage with
3489 * added text about the info passed in. This is not thread safe and will
3490 * be overwritten by the next call, so this should be used just to
3491 * formulate a string to immediately print or savepv() on. */
3493 /* initialise to a non-null value to keep it out of BSS and so keep
3494 * -DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE happy */
3495 static char ret[128] = "If you can read this, thank your buggy C"
3496 " library strlcpy(), and change your hints file"
3498 my_strlcpy(ret, "setlocale(", sizeof(ret));
3502 my_snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s? %d", ret, category);
3506 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_ALL", sizeof(ret));
3511 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_CTYPE", sizeof(ret));
3516 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_NUMERIC", sizeof(ret));
3521 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_COLLATE", sizeof(ret));
3526 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_TIME", sizeof(ret));
3531 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_MONETARY", sizeof(ret));
3536 my_strlcat(ret, "LC_MESSAGES", sizeof(ret));
3541 my_strlcat(ret, ", ", sizeof(ret));
3544 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
3545 my_strlcat(ret, locale, sizeof(ret));
3546 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
3549 my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret));
3552 my_strlcat(ret, ") returned ", sizeof(ret));
3555 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
3556 my_strlcat(ret, retval, sizeof(ret));
3557 my_strlcat(ret, "\"", sizeof(ret));
3560 my_strlcat(ret, "NULL", sizeof(ret));
3563 assert(strlen(ret) < sizeof(ret));
3572 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: