4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
179 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
180 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
181 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
182 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
184 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
186 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
187 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
188 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
190 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
192 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
193 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
195 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
196 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
197 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
198 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
199 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
201 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
202 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
203 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
204 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
205 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
209 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
215 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
216 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
217 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
218 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
219 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
222 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
223 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
224 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
225 /* Remaining space is too small. */
227 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
229 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
230 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
232 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
233 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
234 slab->opslab_freed = o;
237 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
238 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
239 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
240 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
241 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
243 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
244 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
245 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
247 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
249 /* Create a new op slot */
250 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
251 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
252 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
253 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
264 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
268 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
269 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
270 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
271 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
272 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
273 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
274 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
275 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
280 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
284 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
286 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
288 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
289 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
290 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
291 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
292 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
293 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
294 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
297 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
301 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
304 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
305 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
308 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
312 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
315 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
320 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
322 PerlMemShared_free(op);
327 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
328 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
329 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
330 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
331 slab->opslab_freed = o;
332 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
333 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
337 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
344 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
351 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
356 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
357 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
358 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
359 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
361 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
363 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
364 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
366 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
367 perror("munmap failed");
371 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
377 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 size_t savestack_count = 0;
384 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
387 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
389 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
390 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
391 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
397 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
398 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
399 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
402 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
403 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
404 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
406 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
408 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
409 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
416 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
418 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
421 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
422 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
435 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
442 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
444 result = --o->op_targ;
447 result = --o->op_targ;
453 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
454 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
456 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
457 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
458 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
459 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
461 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
463 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
465 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
467 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
472 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
474 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
478 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
483 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
487 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
493 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
496 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
497 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
502 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
510 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
519 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
523 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
524 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
529 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
533 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
534 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
538 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
540 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
543 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
544 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
548 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
553 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
554 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
555 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
557 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
560 /* "register" allocation */
563 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
567 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
571 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
572 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
575 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
577 assert(strlen(name) == len);
579 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
583 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
584 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
586 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
587 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
588 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
589 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
590 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
591 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
593 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
594 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
597 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
598 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
599 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
600 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
601 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
605 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
607 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
608 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
609 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
610 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
611 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
613 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
614 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
618 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
619 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
621 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
622 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
628 =for apidoc alloccopstash
630 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
631 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
638 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
640 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
641 bool found_slot = FALSE;
643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
645 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
647 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
648 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
649 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
650 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
653 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
654 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
655 off = PL_stashpadmax;
656 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
659 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
664 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
665 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
668 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
676 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
681 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
683 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
684 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
685 may be freed before their parents. */
686 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
690 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
701 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
704 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
705 we maintain for reset(). */
706 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
716 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
717 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
721 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
723 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
724 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
729 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
732 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
734 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
735 * numbers etc even after null() */
736 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
742 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
749 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
757 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
762 switch (o->op_type) {
763 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
764 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
765 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
770 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
774 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
775 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
782 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
787 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
788 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
789 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
790 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
791 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
792 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
793 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
794 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
795 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
796 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
797 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
798 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
799 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
800 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
801 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
804 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
806 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
807 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
808 * may still exist on the pad */
809 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
810 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
813 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
814 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
817 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
820 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
824 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
832 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
833 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
834 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
837 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
847 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
852 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
853 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
855 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
856 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
857 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
860 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
861 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
865 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
866 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
874 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
875 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
876 * exist on the pad */
877 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
880 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
886 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
887 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
888 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
890 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
891 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
892 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
893 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
894 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
895 * happen before sv_clean_all
898 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
899 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
900 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
901 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
902 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
906 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
907 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
913 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
914 pad_free(o->op_targ);
920 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
925 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
926 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
927 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
928 if (PL_curcop == cop)
933 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
936 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
938 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
940 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
941 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
943 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
944 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
949 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
950 array[i] = array[--count];
951 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
952 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
953 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
956 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
969 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
971 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
973 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
974 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
976 switch (kid->op_type) {
981 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
983 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
984 kid = kid->op_sibling;
990 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
996 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1000 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1001 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1002 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1006 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1009 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1014 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1017 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1021 /* Contextualizers */
1024 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1026 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1027 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1028 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1035 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1039 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1040 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1041 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1050 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1052 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1053 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1054 not be called directly.
1060 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1064 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1069 /* establish postfix order */
1070 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1073 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1076 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1077 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1078 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1092 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1094 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1096 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1103 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1107 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1109 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1110 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1111 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1112 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1114 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1115 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1116 of the conditional, not the last. */
1117 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1119 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1120 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1127 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1132 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1133 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1134 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1135 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1140 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1142 switch (o->op_type) {
1144 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1149 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1160 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1166 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1168 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1171 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1172 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1178 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1183 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1186 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1193 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1197 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1198 const char* useless = NULL;
1202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1204 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1206 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1208 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1211 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1212 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1213 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1219 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1220 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1221 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1222 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1223 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1225 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1226 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1227 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1228 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1229 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1234 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1235 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1237 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1240 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1242 switch (o->op_type) {
1244 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1248 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1252 if (o->op_private == 4)
1277 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1297 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1298 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1303 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1328 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1329 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1330 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1334 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1335 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1337 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1339 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1341 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1345 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1346 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1347 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1350 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1354 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1355 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1359 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1366 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1367 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1368 useless = "a variable";
1373 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1374 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1376 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1377 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1378 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1379 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1381 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1382 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1383 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1384 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1386 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1387 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1389 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1391 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1392 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1394 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1395 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1396 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1398 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1399 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1402 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1405 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1409 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1410 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1414 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1415 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1419 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1424 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1425 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1430 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1433 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1436 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1437 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1440 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1442 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1445 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1446 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1447 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1450 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1453 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1455 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1458 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1459 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1460 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1462 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1463 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1464 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1476 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1477 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1478 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1480 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1482 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1484 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1485 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1494 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1499 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1506 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1517 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1528 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1529 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1530 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1531 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1534 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1535 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1542 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1544 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1546 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1553 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1558 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1559 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1560 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1561 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1566 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1567 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1569 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1572 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1574 switch (o->op_type) {
1577 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1582 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1590 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1592 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1593 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1594 return gen_constant_list(o);
1601 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1603 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1606 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1607 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1613 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1617 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1624 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1628 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1630 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1631 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1634 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1635 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1639 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1641 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1642 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1643 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1646 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1651 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1653 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1655 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1656 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1662 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1664 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1665 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1666 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1667 the tree thread-safe.
1672 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1674 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1677 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1685 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1687 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1689 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1691 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1692 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1694 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1695 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1696 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1697 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1698 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1699 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1700 finalize_op(prop_op);
1707 switch (o->op_type) {
1710 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1714 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1715 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1717 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1718 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1719 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1720 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1721 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1722 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1723 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1724 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1725 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1726 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1733 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1734 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1735 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1736 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1737 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1738 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1739 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1740 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1747 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1748 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1752 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1753 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1754 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1755 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1756 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1757 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVf_READONLY);
1758 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1759 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1760 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1761 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1762 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1773 const char *key = NULL;
1776 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1779 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1780 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1781 if ((!SvIsCOW_shared_hash(sv = *svp))
1782 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && SvOK(sv) && !SvROK(sv)) {
1783 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1784 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1785 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1787 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1791 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1794 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1795 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1797 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1798 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1800 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1801 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1803 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1804 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1805 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1806 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1807 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1808 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1809 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1821 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1823 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1824 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1825 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1826 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1828 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1829 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1831 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1832 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1833 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1835 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1836 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1837 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1839 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1845 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1846 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1848 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1849 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1851 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1852 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1853 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1854 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1855 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1856 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1858 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1859 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1860 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1861 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1862 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1863 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1864 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1865 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1872 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1873 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1880 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1882 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1888 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1890 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1891 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1892 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1893 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1896 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1897 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1898 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1900 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1901 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1907 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1911 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1914 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1917 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1918 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1923 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1925 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1927 switch (o->op_type) {
1932 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1936 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1937 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1938 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1939 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1940 poses, so we need it clear. */
1941 o->op_private &= ~1;
1942 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1943 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1944 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1947 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1948 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1949 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1950 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1951 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1952 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1953 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1956 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1957 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1960 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1961 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1963 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1964 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1965 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1966 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1968 while (kid->op_sibling)
1969 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1970 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1971 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1974 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1975 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1976 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1977 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1979 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1980 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1981 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1982 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1986 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1996 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1997 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1998 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1999 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2001 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2002 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2004 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2005 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2007 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2021 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2030 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2037 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2038 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2043 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2044 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2045 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2049 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2051 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2058 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2059 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2063 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2066 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2067 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2070 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2071 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2072 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2076 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2080 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2089 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2096 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2097 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2098 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2099 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2101 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2102 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2106 if (!type) /* local() */
2107 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2108 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2117 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2121 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2127 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2128 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2129 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2130 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2135 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2136 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2137 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2138 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2139 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2140 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2150 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2151 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2156 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2158 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2160 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2161 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2167 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2168 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2169 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2170 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2171 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2175 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2177 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2183 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2184 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2186 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2187 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2190 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2191 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2193 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2194 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2195 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2198 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2199 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2200 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2205 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2206 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2209 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2210 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2211 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2216 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2221 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2245 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2266 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2268 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2270 switch (o->op_type) {
2278 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2291 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2293 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2295 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2302 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2307 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2309 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2312 switch (o->op_type) {
2314 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2315 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2316 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2317 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2318 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2319 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2320 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2321 o->op_private &= ~1;
2323 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2324 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2325 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2327 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2333 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2334 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2337 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2338 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2339 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2342 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2343 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2344 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2346 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2353 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2356 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2357 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2358 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2364 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2369 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2371 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2375 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2376 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2377 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2378 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2380 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2390 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2392 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2402 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2407 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2409 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2410 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2411 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2413 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2414 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2416 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2420 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2422 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2423 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2424 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2425 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2426 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2433 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2436 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2438 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2440 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2441 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2443 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2444 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2446 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2447 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2449 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2450 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2451 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2452 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2454 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2459 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2462 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2463 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2465 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2470 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2471 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2472 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2474 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2475 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2476 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2477 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2478 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2479 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2481 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2482 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2485 /* Need package name for method call. */
2486 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2488 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2489 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2491 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2492 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2493 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2494 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2495 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2496 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2497 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2498 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2500 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2501 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2502 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2503 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2504 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2505 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2507 /* Combine the ops. */
2508 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2512 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2514 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2515 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2516 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2517 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2518 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2519 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2520 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2521 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2522 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2523 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2529 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2530 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2537 len = strlen(attrstr);
2541 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2543 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2544 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2545 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2546 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2547 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2551 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2552 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2553 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2554 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2555 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2556 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2557 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2562 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2566 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2568 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2570 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2574 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2575 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2579 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2581 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2582 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2584 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2586 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2588 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2589 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2590 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2592 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2594 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2596 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2597 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2598 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2599 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2600 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2601 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2602 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2605 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2608 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2611 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2613 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2615 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2617 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2620 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2623 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2624 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2626 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2627 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2629 stash = PL_curstash;
2630 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2632 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2633 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2635 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2640 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2644 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2646 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2648 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2649 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2651 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2661 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2663 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2664 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2665 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2668 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2669 which will mess up list assignment. */
2670 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2671 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2672 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2674 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2675 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2678 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2681 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2682 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2687 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2689 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2691 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2696 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2700 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2701 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2703 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2705 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2706 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2708 const char * const desc
2710 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2711 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2713 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2714 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2717 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2718 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2719 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2720 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2723 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2726 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2727 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2730 const char * const sample = (isary
2731 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2732 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2733 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2734 desc, sample, sample);
2738 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2739 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2740 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2742 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2745 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2746 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2748 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2749 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2750 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2752 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2753 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2754 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2755 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2756 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2758 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2760 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2763 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2764 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2765 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2766 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2767 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2768 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2769 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2772 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2773 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2775 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2777 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2781 return bind_match(type, left,
2782 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2786 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2790 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2794 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2796 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2797 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2798 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2799 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2800 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2801 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2808 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2812 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2813 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2814 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2815 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2817 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2819 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2820 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2821 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2822 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2825 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2826 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2828 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2833 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2839 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2841 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2842 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2843 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2844 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2851 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2854 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2856 pad_block_start(full);
2858 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2859 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2860 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2862 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2868 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2871 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2872 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2875 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2879 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2883 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2884 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2885 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2890 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2893 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2894 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2895 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2896 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2897 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2898 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2899 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2900 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2901 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2902 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2903 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2904 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2905 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2906 list of ops like this:
2930 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2931 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2932 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2933 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2934 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2935 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2936 if (kid == last) break;
2938 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2941 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2947 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2949 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2951 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2952 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2958 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2962 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2969 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2970 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2971 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2974 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2975 o->op_targ = offset;
2981 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2985 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2992 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2993 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2994 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2996 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2997 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2999 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3000 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3001 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3004 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3006 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3007 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3008 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3009 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3010 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3013 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3014 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3016 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3019 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3020 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3021 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3022 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3025 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3026 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3027 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3028 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3029 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3030 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3031 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3034 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3035 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3036 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3037 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3038 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3039 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3040 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3041 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3042 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3043 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3046 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3048 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3051 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3052 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3053 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3054 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3055 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3056 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3057 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3058 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3059 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3062 /* Register with debugger */
3064 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3068 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3070 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3077 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3081 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3083 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3084 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3085 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3092 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3093 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3094 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3096 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3099 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3100 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3104 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3105 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3108 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3110 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3116 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3117 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3118 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3120 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3122 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3132 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3133 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3134 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3139 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3141 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3143 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3145 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3146 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3151 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3152 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3154 I32 type = o->op_type;
3156 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3158 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3160 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3161 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3166 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3167 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3169 I32 type = o->op_type;
3171 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3173 /* integerize op. */
3174 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3177 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3180 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3181 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3182 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3188 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3193 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3198 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3199 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3203 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3205 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3220 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3221 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3225 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3226 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3229 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3230 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3232 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3233 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3234 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3241 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3244 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3245 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3247 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3248 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3249 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3251 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3253 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3259 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3260 old_next = o->op_next;
3264 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3265 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3267 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3268 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3269 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3270 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3271 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3272 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3273 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3274 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3281 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3282 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3284 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3285 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3286 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3289 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3292 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3293 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3296 else { assert(SvIMMORTAL(sv)); }
3299 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3300 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3302 o->op_next = old_next;
3306 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3307 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3308 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3309 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3310 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3311 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3314 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3315 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3316 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3318 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3319 delete_eval_scope();
3328 if (type == OP_STRINGIFY) SvPADTMP_off(sv);
3329 else if (!SvIMMORTAL(sv)) SvPADTMP_on(sv);
3330 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3331 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3334 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3335 newop->op_folded = 1;
3337 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3345 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3349 const SSize_t oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3354 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3355 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3357 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3360 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3363 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3364 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3365 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3366 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3368 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3369 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3370 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3371 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3372 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3373 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3374 av = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--);
3375 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV *)av);
3376 if (AvFILLp(av) != -1)
3377 for (svp = AvARRAY(av) + AvFILLp(av); svp >= AvARRAY(av); --svp)
3380 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3389 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3392 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3393 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3394 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3396 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3398 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3399 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3401 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3402 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3403 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3404 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3408 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3409 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3410 o->op_flags |= flags;
3412 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3413 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3416 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3420 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3423 /* List constructors */
3426 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3428 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3429 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3430 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3431 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3432 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3433 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3439 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3447 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3448 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3450 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3453 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3454 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3456 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3457 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3459 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3464 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3466 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3467 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3468 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3469 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3470 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3471 the other is returned unchanged.
3477 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3485 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3486 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3488 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3489 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3491 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3492 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3493 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3496 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3497 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3499 while (mp->mad_next)
3501 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3504 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3507 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3508 last->op_madprop = 0;
3511 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3517 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3519 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3520 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3521 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3522 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3523 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3524 the other is returned unchanged.
3530 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3538 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3539 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3540 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3541 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3542 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3543 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3546 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3547 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3548 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3550 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3551 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3553 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3557 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3565 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3568 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3569 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3570 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3572 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3577 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3579 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3581 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3583 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3588 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3595 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3596 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3597 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3604 /* faked up qw list? */
3606 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3607 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3614 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3615 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3616 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3617 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3619 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3633 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3634 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3644 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3653 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3654 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3655 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3656 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3658 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3665 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3668 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3674 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3683 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3684 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3685 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3686 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3688 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3695 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3698 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3702 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3703 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3709 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3727 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3731 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3735 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3756 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3758 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3760 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3764 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3766 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3769 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3770 mp->mad_type = type;
3772 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3777 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3779 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3783 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3784 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3785 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3786 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3790 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3793 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3794 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3797 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3800 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3803 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3809 =head1 Optree construction
3811 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3813 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3814 empty list expression.
3820 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3822 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3826 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3828 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3829 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3835 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3837 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3838 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3839 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3840 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3841 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3847 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3852 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3854 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3856 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3857 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3860 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3864 else if (!first && last)
3867 first->op_sibling = last;
3868 listop->op_first = first;
3869 listop->op_last = last;
3870 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3871 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3872 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3873 listop->op_first = pushop;
3874 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3876 listop->op_last = pushop;
3879 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3883 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3885 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3886 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3887 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3894 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3899 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3900 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3901 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3904 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3905 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3906 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3907 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3909 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3910 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3911 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3912 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3915 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3916 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3918 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3919 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3920 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3924 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3926 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3927 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3928 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3929 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3930 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3931 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3932 of the constructed op tree.
3938 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3943 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3944 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3945 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3948 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3949 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3950 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3951 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3952 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3953 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3954 || type == OP_NULL );
3957 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3958 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3959 first = force_list(first);
3961 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3962 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3963 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3964 unop->op_first = first;
3965 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3966 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3967 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3971 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3975 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3977 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3978 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3979 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3980 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3981 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3982 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3983 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3989 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3994 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3995 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3997 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4000 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4002 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4003 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4004 binop->op_first = first;
4005 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4008 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4011 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4012 first->op_sibling = last;
4015 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4016 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4019 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4021 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4024 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4025 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4026 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4027 __attribute__pure__;
4028 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4030 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4032 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4034 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4036 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4042 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4045 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4048 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4049 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4051 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4054 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4055 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4061 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4062 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4063 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4066 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4068 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4071 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4074 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4076 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4077 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4079 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4080 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4094 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4095 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4098 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4102 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4105 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4107 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4111 /* There is a snag with this code on EBCDIC: scan_const() in toke.c has
4112 * encoded chars in native encoding which makes ranges in the EBCDIC 0..255
4116 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4119 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4121 transv = newSVpvs("");
4123 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4125 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) {
4127 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4131 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4135 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4136 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4138 diff = val - nextmin;
4140 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4141 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4143 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4144 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4145 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4146 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4153 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4154 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4156 U8 range_mark = ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE;
4157 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4159 t = uvchr_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4160 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4161 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4162 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4166 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4167 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4170 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4171 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4173 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4177 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4178 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4179 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4180 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4182 if (t < tend && *t == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4184 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4191 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4192 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4194 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4196 if (r < rend && *r == ILLEGAL_UTF8_BYTE) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4198 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvchr(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4207 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4211 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4212 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4213 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4220 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4221 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4223 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4224 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4226 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4230 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4231 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4234 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4235 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4237 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4238 max = rfirst + diff;
4240 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4241 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4253 else if (max > 0xff)
4258 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4260 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVf_READONLY);
4261 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4262 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4264 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4266 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4268 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4269 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4271 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4272 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4273 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4276 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4282 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4283 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4291 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4292 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4293 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4295 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4297 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4299 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4301 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4310 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4320 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4322 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4327 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4328 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4329 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4331 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4332 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4333 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4337 if (!rlen && !del) {
4340 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4342 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4343 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4345 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4347 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4348 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4350 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4356 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4357 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4364 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4365 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4366 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4367 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4371 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4373 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4374 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4384 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4386 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4387 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4388 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4394 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4399 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4401 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4402 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4403 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4404 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4405 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4407 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4408 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4409 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4410 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4412 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4413 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4414 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4416 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4418 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4419 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4420 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4422 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4423 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4424 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4426 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4427 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4433 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4434 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4435 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4436 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4437 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4438 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4440 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4442 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4444 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4445 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4446 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4448 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4449 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4450 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4451 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4455 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4458 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4459 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4460 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4463 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4464 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4465 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4466 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4467 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4469 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4470 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4471 * the new sub was created
4475 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4480 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4482 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4483 bool is_compiletime;
4486 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4488 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4490 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4492 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4493 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4494 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4495 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4496 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4497 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4500 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4503 OP* const oe = expr;
4504 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4505 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4506 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4507 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4508 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4509 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4512 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4515 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4516 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4517 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4518 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4519 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4523 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4525 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4526 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4528 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4529 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4531 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4535 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4540 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4541 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4543 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4545 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4547 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4548 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4549 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4550 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4551 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4555 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4557 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4560 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4561 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4563 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4564 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4565 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4567 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4568 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4569 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4570 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4574 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4575 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4576 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4577 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4580 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4581 * the op_next chain */
4584 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4588 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4589 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4590 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4591 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4592 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4595 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4597 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4599 if (is_compiletime) {
4600 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4601 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4603 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4604 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4606 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4607 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4609 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4610 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4611 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4612 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4613 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4614 * regex was parsed */
4615 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4616 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4617 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4619 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4624 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4625 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4626 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4627 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4630 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4636 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4637 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4640 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4643 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4645 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4646 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4647 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4648 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4649 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4650 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4652 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4653 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4654 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4655 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4657 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4658 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4659 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4660 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4663 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4668 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4670 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4672 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4677 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4678 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4679 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4682 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4683 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4685 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4686 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4687 * preceding stacking ops;
4688 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4690 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4691 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4693 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4694 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4695 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4696 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4697 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4698 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4699 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4703 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4705 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4707 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4708 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4712 * ------ -------------------
4713 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4714 * pushmark (for entersub)
4715 * pushmark (for refgen)
4719 * regcreset regcreset
4721 * const("a") const("a")
4723 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4728 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4729 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4730 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4731 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4732 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4733 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4735 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4738 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4739 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4740 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4741 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4742 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4743 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4744 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4745 rcop->op_private = 0;
4747 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4749 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4750 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4752 /* establish postfix order */
4753 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4755 rcop->op_next = expr;
4756 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4759 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4760 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4763 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4769 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4770 the implicit do{}. */
4771 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4772 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4773 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4774 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4775 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4776 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4777 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4779 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4781 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4782 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4783 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4784 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4785 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4786 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4787 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4788 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4789 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4790 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4798 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4799 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4801 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4802 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4805 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4806 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4807 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4808 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4809 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4810 rcop->op_private = 1;