2 # Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Stephen McCamant.
4 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
5 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
7 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
8 # but essentially none of his code remains.
12 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
13 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
14 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD
15 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
16 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
17 OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
19 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
21 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
22 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED),
23 ($] < 5.008004 ? () : 'OPpSORT_INPLACE'),
24 ($] < 5.008006 ? () : qw(OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED)),
25 ($] < 5.008009 ? () : qw(OPpCONST_NOVER OPpPAD_STATE)),
26 ($] < 5.009 ? 'PMf_SKIPWHITE' : qw(RXf_SKIPWHITE)),
27 ($] < 5.011 ? 'CVf_LOCKED' : 'OPpREVERSE_INPLACE'),
28 ($] < 5.013 ? () : 'PMf_NONDESTRUCT');
31 use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
35 # Easiest way to keep this code portable between version looks to
36 # be to fake up a dummy constant that will never actually be true.
37 foreach (qw(OPpSORT_INPLACE OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED OPpCONST_NOVER
38 OPpPAD_STATE RXf_SKIPWHITE CVf_LOCKED OPpREVERSE_INPLACE
41 *{$_} = sub () {0} unless *{$_}{CODE};
45 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
46 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
47 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
48 # - handle empty programs gracefully
49 # - handle infinite loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
50 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
51 # - various minor cleanups
52 # - moved globals into an object
53 # - added `-u', like B::C
54 # - package declarations using cop_stash
55 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
56 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
57 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
58 # - added documentation
59 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
60 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
61 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
62 # - various other minor fixes
63 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
64 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
66 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
67 # - added support for new qr// construct
68 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
69 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
70 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
71 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
72 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
73 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
74 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
75 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
76 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
77 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
78 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
79 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
80 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
81 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
82 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
83 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
84 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
85 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
86 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
87 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
88 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
89 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
90 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
91 # - various minor cleanups
93 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
94 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
95 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
96 # - added methods for use from other programs
97 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
98 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
99 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
100 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
101 # Changes after 0.58:
102 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
103 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
104 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
105 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
106 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
107 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
108 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
109 # - support for method attributes was added
110 # - some warnings fixed
111 # - separate recognition of constant subs
112 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recognizing for loops
113 # - added more control of expanding control structures
114 # Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
116 # - support for pragmas and 'use'
117 # - support for the little-used $[ variable
118 # - support for __DATA__ sections
120 # - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
121 # - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
122 # - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
123 # output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
124 # - our() declarations
125 # - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
126 # - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
127 # Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
130 # - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
131 # Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
132 # - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
133 # - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
134 # - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
136 # - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
140 # Changes between 0.72 and 0.73
141 # - support new switch constructs
144 # (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
146 # - finish tr/// changes
147 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
148 # - left/right context
149 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
150 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
151 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
152 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
153 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
154 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
155 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
156 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
157 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
158 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
159 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
162 # Current test.deparse failures
163 # comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
164 # run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
165 # perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
166 # op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
167 # 'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
168 # op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
169 # 'my $x : shared = 5'
170 # op/override 7 - parens on overridden require change v-string interpretation
171 # 'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
172 # c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
173 # op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
174 # 'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
175 # op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
177 # op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
178 # op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
179 # op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
181 # ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
182 # ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
183 # ext/DB_file/several
185 # ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
186 # ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
187 # ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
188 # ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
189 # ext/Socket/Socket 8
190 # ext/Storable/t/croak compile
191 # lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
192 # lib/bignum/ several
196 # lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
197 # lib/File/DosGlob compile
198 # lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
199 # lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
200 # lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
201 # lib/overload compile
202 # lib/Switch/ several
204 # lib/Test/Simple several
206 # lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
209 # Object fields (were globals):
212 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
213 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
214 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
215 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
216 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
220 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
223 # Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are names,
224 # each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
225 # in which a var of that name is valid.
228 # COP for statement being deparsed
231 # name of the current package for deparsed code
234 # array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
238 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
240 # subs_done, forms_done:
241 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
242 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
245 # keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
246 # That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments. It also means we
247 # need to put CORE:: on core functions of the same name.
250 # Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
255 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
260 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
263 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
264 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
265 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
266 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
267 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
268 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
269 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
270 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
271 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
272 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
273 # the parens off the listop.
276 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
277 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
281 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
286 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
287 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
288 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
295 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
297 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
301 # 1 statement modifiers
302 # 0.5 statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
305 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
306 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
307 # \n - newline and indent
308 # \t - increase indent
309 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
310 # \f - flush left (no indent)
311 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
315 return class($op) eq "NULL";
320 my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
321 return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
323 if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
324 $seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
325 } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
326 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
330 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
331 unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
332 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
338 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
341 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
343 return "format $name =\n"
344 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
346 $self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
347 if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
348 my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
349 if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
350 return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
355 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
356 my $line = $gv->LINE;
357 my $file = $gv->FILE;
358 $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
361 if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
362 my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
363 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
364 $p = "package $stash;\n";
365 $name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
366 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
368 $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E::(?!\z|.*::)//;
370 return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
374 # Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
376 my ($self, $cv) = @_;
377 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
378 local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
380 #B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
381 my $lineseq = $root->first;
382 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
384 my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
385 return if $req_op->name ne "require";
388 if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
389 # Actually it should always be a bareword
390 $module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
391 $module =~ s[/][::]g;
395 $module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
399 my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
400 return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
401 if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
402 # We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
403 my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
405 return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
406 $constop = $constop->sibling;
407 $version = $self->const_sv($constop);
408 if (class($version) eq "IV") {
409 $version = $version->int_value;
410 } elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
411 $version = $version->NV;
412 } elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
413 # Includes PVIV and PVNV
414 $version = $version->PV;
416 # version specified as a v-string
417 $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
419 $constop = $constop->sibling;
420 return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
421 return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
424 $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
425 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
426 my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
427 if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
428 return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
429 return "use $module ();\n";
431 return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
433 # See if there are import arguments
436 my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
437 return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
439 # Pull out the arguments
440 for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
441 $svop = $svop->sibling) {
442 $args .= ", " if length($args);
443 $args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
447 my $method_named = $svop;
448 return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
449 my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
451 if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
455 # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
456 # so we ignore them here
457 if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
458 || $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings'
459 || $module eq 'feature') {
463 if (defined $version && length $args) {
464 return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
465 } elsif (defined $version) {
466 return "$use $module $version;\n";
467 } elsif (length $args) {
468 return "$use $module ($args);\n";
470 return "$use $module;\n";
475 my ($self, $pack) = @_;
477 if (!defined $pack) {
482 $pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
484 $stash = \%{"main::$pack"};
486 my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
487 while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
488 my $class = class($val);
489 if ($class eq "PV") {
490 # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
491 # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
492 # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
493 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
494 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
495 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
497 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
499 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
500 } elsif ($class eq "IV" && !($val->FLAGS & SVf_ROK)) {
501 # Just a name. As above.
502 # But skip proxy constant subroutines, as some form of perl-space
503 # visible code must have created them, be it a use statement, or
504 # some direct symbol-table manipulation code that we will Deparse
505 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
506 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
507 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
509 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
511 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
512 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
513 if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
514 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
515 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
518 if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
519 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
520 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
523 if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
524 $self->stash_subs($pack . $key)
525 unless $pack eq '' && $key eq 'main::';
526 # avoid infinite recursion
536 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
537 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
538 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
540 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
548 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
550 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
551 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
552 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
553 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
554 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
555 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
556 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
557 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
558 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
559 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
560 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
567 my $self = bless {}, $class;
568 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
569 $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
570 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
571 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
572 $self->{'expand'} = 0;
573 $self->{'files'} = {};
574 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
575 $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
576 $self->{'parens'} = 0;
577 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
578 $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
579 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
580 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
582 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
583 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
584 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
585 $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = undef;
588 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
590 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
591 require Data::Dumper;
592 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
593 $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
594 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
595 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
596 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
597 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
598 } elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
599 $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
600 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
601 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
602 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
603 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
604 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
605 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
612 # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
615 $WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
622 # Initialise the contextual information, either from
623 # defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
624 # or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
628 $self->{'arybase'} = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
629 $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
630 ? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
632 $self->{'hints'} = $self->{'ambient_hints'};
633 $self->{'hints'} &= 0xFF if $] < 5.009;
634 $self->{'hinthash'} = $self->{'ambient_hinthash'};
636 # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
637 delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
643 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
644 # First deparse command-line args
645 if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
646 print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
648 if ($^W) { # deparse -w
649 print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
651 if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
652 my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
653 my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
654 print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
656 my @BEGINs = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
657 my @UNITCHECKs = B::unitcheck_av->isa("B::AV")
658 ? B::unitcheck_av->ARRAY
660 my @CHECKs = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
661 my @INITs = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
662 my @ENDs = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
663 for my $block (@BEGINs, @UNITCHECKs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
664 $self->todo($block, 0);
667 local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
669 if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
670 my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
671 my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
672 print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
675 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
676 $self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
677 print $self->print_protos;
678 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
679 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
680 print $self->indent($self->deparse_root(main_root)), "\n"
681 unless null main_root;
683 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
684 push @text, $self->next_todo;
686 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
688 # Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
690 my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
691 ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
692 if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
693 print "package $laststash;\n"
694 unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
696 print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
704 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
707 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
710 sub ambient_pragmas {
712 my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits, $hinthash) = (0, 0);
718 if ($name eq 'strict') {
721 if ($val eq 'none') {
722 $hint_bits &= ~strict::bits(qw/refs subs vars/);
728 @names = qw/refs subs vars/;
734 @names = split' ', $val;
736 $hint_bits |= strict::bits(@names);
739 elsif ($name eq '$[') {
743 elsif ($name eq 'integer'
745 || $name eq 'utf8') {
748 $hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
751 $hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
755 elsif ($name eq 're') {
757 if ($val eq 'none') {
758 $hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
764 @names = qw/taint eval/;
770 @names = split' ',$val;
772 $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
775 elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
776 if ($val eq 'none') {
777 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
786 @names = split/\s+/, $val;
789 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
790 $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
793 elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
794 $warning_bits = $val;
797 elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
801 elsif ($name eq '%^H') {
806 croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
810 croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
813 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
814 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
815 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
816 $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = $hinthash;
819 # This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
824 Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
825 || class($op) eq "NULL";
826 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
827 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
833 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
838 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
839 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
840 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
841 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
842 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
844 $leader = " " x $level;
846 $line = substr($line, 1);
848 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
849 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
851 $line = $leader . $line;
855 return join("\n", @lines);
862 Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
863 Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
864 local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
865 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
866 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
868 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
870 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
871 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
872 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
875 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
876 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
877 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
878 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
880 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
881 my $lineseq = $cv->ROOT->first;
882 if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
884 for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
887 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @ops).";";
888 my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
889 if (defined $scope_en) {
890 my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
891 $body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
895 $body = $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0);
899 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
901 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
902 return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
903 } else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
907 return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
914 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
915 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
916 local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
917 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
918 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
919 my $op = $form->ROOT;
921 return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
922 || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
923 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
924 while (not null $op) {
925 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
927 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
928 push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
929 $kid = $kid->sibling;
930 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
931 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
933 push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
936 return join("", @text) . "\f.";
941 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
942 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
943 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
944 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
948 my $name = $_[0]->name;
949 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
952 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
954 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
955 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
956 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
957 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
958 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
959 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
960 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
964 # Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
965 # for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
968 # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
969 # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
970 # will be an sassign.) The sibling is (old style) a lineseq whose
971 # first child is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop, or
972 # (new style) an unstack whose sibling is a leaveloop.
973 my $lseq = $op->sibling;
974 return 0 unless !is_state($op) and !null($lseq);
975 if ($lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
976 if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
977 && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
978 return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
980 } elsif ($lseq->name eq "unstack" && ($lseq->flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
981 my $sib = $lseq->sibling;
982 return $sib && !null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop";
989 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
990 $op->name eq "padsv" or
991 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
992 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
993 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
998 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
999 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
1000 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
1001 or $self->{'parens'})
1004 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
1005 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
1012 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
1013 sub maybe_parens_unop {
1015 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
1016 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
1017 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
1018 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
1019 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
1021 return $self->keyword($name) . "($kid)";
1023 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
1024 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
1025 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
1027 $name = $self->keyword($name);
1028 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
1030 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
1031 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
1032 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
1033 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
1034 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
1036 return "$name $kid";
1041 sub maybe_parens_func {
1043 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1044 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
1045 return "$func($text)";
1047 return "$func $text";
1053 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1054 my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
1055 if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)
1056 and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1057 my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
1058 if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
1059 if ( $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
1060 and !utf8::decode($text) || $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
1062 die "Unexpected our($text)\n";
1064 $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
1066 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1067 return "$our_local $text";
1069 return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
1078 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
1079 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
1080 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
1081 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
1082 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
1084 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
1091 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1096 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1097 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1098 my $my = $op->private & OPpPAD_STATE
1099 ? $self->keyword("state")
1101 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1104 return $self->maybe_parens_func($my, $text, $cx, 16);
1111 # The following OPs don't have functions:
1113 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
1116 if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
1117 warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
1120 die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
1124 sub DESTROY {} # Do not AUTOLOAD
1126 # $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
1127 # we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
1128 # any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
1129 # append appropriate declarations.
1131 my($self, $root, @ops) = @_;
1134 my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
1135 my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
1137 if (defined $root) {
1138 $limit_seq = $out_seq;
1140 $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
1141 $limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
1142 or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
1144 $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
1145 if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
1146 && (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
1147 local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
1149 $self->walk_lineseq($root, \@ops,
1150 sub { push @exprs, $_[0]} );
1152 my $body = join(";\n", grep {length} @exprs);
1154 if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
1155 $subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
1157 return join(";\n", grep {length} $body, $subs);
1161 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
1165 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1166 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'} if $real_block;
1168 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
1169 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
1170 my $top = $kid->first;
1171 my $name = $top->name;
1172 if ($name eq "and") {
1174 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
1176 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
1177 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
1179 my $cond = $top->first;
1180 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
1181 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1182 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
1183 return "$body $name $cond";
1188 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1191 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
1192 return "do {\n\t" . $self->lineseq($op, @kids) . "\n\b}";
1194 my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, @kids);
1195 return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
1199 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
1200 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
1201 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
1203 # This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
1204 # main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
1205 # soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
1209 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1210 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
1212 return if null $op->first; # Can happen, e.g., for Bytecode without -k
1213 for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1216 $self->walk_lineseq($op, \@kids,
1217 sub { print $self->indent($_[0].';');
1218 print "\n" unless $_[1] == $#kids;
1223 my ($self, $op, $kids, $callback) = @_;
1225 for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
1227 if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
1228 $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i++], 0);
1230 $callback->($expr, $i);
1234 if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
1235 $callback->($expr . $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0),
1236 $i += $kids[$i]->sibling->name eq "unstack" ? 2 : 1);
1239 $expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
1240 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1241 $callback->($expr, $i);
1245 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
1246 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
1248 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
1249 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
1254 Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
1255 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
1256 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
1257 if ($stash eq 'main' && $name =~ /^::/) {
1260 elsif (($stash eq 'main' && $globalnames{$name})
1261 or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name}
1262 && ($stash eq 'main' || $name !~ /::/))
1263 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_:]/)
1267 $stash = $stash . "::";
1269 if ($name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
1270 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
1272 return $stash . $name;
1275 # Return the name to use for a stash variable.
1276 # If a lexical with the same name is in scope, it may need to be
1278 sub stash_variable {
1279 my ($self, $prefix, $name, $cx) = @_;
1281 return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
1283 unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
1284 $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
1285 return "$prefix$name";
1288 if (defined $cx && $cx == 26) {
1289 if ($prefix eq '@' && $name =~ /^[^\w+-]$/) {
1290 return "$prefix\{$name}";
1294 my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
1295 return $prefix .$self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name if $self->lex_in_scope($v);
1296 return "$prefix$name";
1300 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1301 $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
1303 return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
1304 my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
1305 return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
1306 for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
1307 my ($st, $en) = @$a;
1308 return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
1313 sub populate_curcvlex {
1315 for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
1316 my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
1317 # an undef CV still in lexical chain
1318 next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
1319 my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
1320 my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
1322 for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
1323 next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
1324 next if $ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR; # Skip "our" vars
1325 if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
1326 # Probably that pesky lexical @_
1329 my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
1330 my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
1331 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
1333 : ($ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, $ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH);
1335 push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
1340 sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
1341 sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
1343 # Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
1345 my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
1346 carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
1347 return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
1350 while(my $op = shift @queue ) {
1351 for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1352 if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
1353 my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW);
1354 my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH;
1355 $scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
1356 $scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
1357 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1359 elsif (is_state($o)) {
1360 my $c = $o->cop_seq;
1361 $scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
1362 $scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
1363 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1365 elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1366 unshift (@queue, $o);
1371 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1374 # Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
1376 my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
1377 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
1378 # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
1379 # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
1380 if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
1381 and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
1384 $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
1385 return $self->seq_subs($seq);
1389 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
1391 #push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
1393 return "" if !defined $seq;
1394 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
1395 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
1396 push @text, $self->next_todo;
1401 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
1402 # also $[ assignments and pragmas.
1406 $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
1408 push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
1409 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
1410 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
1411 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
1412 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
1415 if ($self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
1416 push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
1417 $self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
1420 my $warnings = $op->warnings;
1422 if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
1423 $warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
1425 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
1426 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
1428 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
1429 $warning_bits = undef;
1432 $warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
1435 if (defined ($warning_bits) and
1436 !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
1437 push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
1438 $self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
1441 my $hints = $] < 5.008009 ? $op->private : $op->hints;
1442 if ($self->{'hints'} != $hints) {
1443 push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $hints);
1444 $self->{'hints'} = $hints;
1447 # hack to check that the hint hash hasn't changed
1449 "@{[sort %{$self->{'hinthash'} || {}}]}"
1450 ne "@{[sort %{$op->hints_hash->HASH || {}}]}") {
1451 push @text, declare_hinthash($self->{'hinthash'}, $op->hints_hash->HASH, $self->{indent_size});
1452 $self->{'hinthash'} = $op->hints_hash->HASH;
1455 # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
1456 # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
1457 # the original program.
1458 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
1459 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
1460 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
1463 push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
1465 return join("", @text);
1468 sub declare_warnings {
1469 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1470 if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq (warnings::bits("all") & WARN_MASK)) {
1471 return "use warnings;\n";
1473 elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq ("\0"x length($to) & WARN_MASK)) {
1474 return "no warnings;\n";
1476 return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
1480 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1481 my $use = $to & ~$from;
1482 my $no = $from & ~$to;
1484 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
1485 $decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
1487 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
1488 $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
1493 # Internal implementation hints that the core sets automatically, so don't need
1494 # (or want) to be passed back to the user
1495 my %ignored_hints = (
1501 sub declare_hinthash {
1502 my ($from, $to, $indent) = @_;
1504 for my $key (keys %$to) {
1505 next if $ignored_hints{$key};
1506 if (!defined $from->{$key} or $from->{$key} ne $to->{$key}) {
1507 push @decls, qq(\$^H{'$key'} = q($to->{$key}););
1510 for my $key (keys %$from) {
1511 next if $ignored_hints{$key};
1512 if (!exists $to->{$key}) {
1513 push @decls, qq(delete \$^H{'$key'};);
1516 @decls or return '';
1517 return join("\n" . (" " x $indent), "BEGIN {", @decls) . "\n}\n";
1523 push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
1524 push @pragmas, "strict 'refs'" if $bits & 0x2;
1525 push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
1529 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1530 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1532 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
1534 my %feature_keywords = (
1535 # keyword => 'feature',
1540 default => 'switch',
1547 return $name if $name =~ /^CORE::/; # just in case
1548 if (exists $feature_keywords{$name}) {
1551 && $self->{'hinthash'}{"feature_$feature_keywords{$name}"}
1556 $name !~ /^(?:chom?p|exec|system)\z/
1557 && !defined eval{prototype "CORE::$name"}
1560 exists $self->{subs_declared}{$name}
1562 exists &{"$self->{curstash}::$name"}
1564 return "CORE::$name"
1571 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1572 return $self->keyword($name);
1577 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1585 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
1586 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
1587 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
1588 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
1589 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
1590 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
1591 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
1592 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
1593 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
1594 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
1595 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
1596 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
1597 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
1598 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
1599 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
1600 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
1601 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
1602 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
1603 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
1604 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
1605 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
1607 sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
1609 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
1610 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
1614 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1615 my $kid = $op->first;
1616 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
1617 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
1621 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1622 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1623 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1624 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1625 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1626 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1627 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1628 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1629 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
1631 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
1635 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
1637 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
1639 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
1642 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
1648 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, $self->keyword("not")." ", 4);
1650 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
1656 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1658 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1661 # this deals with 'boolkeys' right now
1662 return $self->deparse($kid,$cx);
1664 my $builtinname = $name;
1665 $builtinname =~ /^CORE::/ or $builtinname = "CORE::$name";
1666 if (defined prototype($builtinname)
1667 && prototype($builtinname) =~ /^;?\*/
1668 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
1672 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1674 return $self->keyword($name)
1675 . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1679 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1680 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1681 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1682 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1683 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
1684 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
1685 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
1686 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
1687 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
1689 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
1690 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
1691 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
1692 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
1693 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
1694 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
1695 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
1696 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
1697 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
1698 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
1699 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
1701 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
1702 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
1703 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
1705 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
1706 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
1707 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
1708 { no strict 'refs'; *{"pp_r$_"} = *{"pp_$_"} for qw< keys each values >; }
1710 # no name because its an optimisation op that has no keyword
1713 sub pp_aeach { unop(@_, "each") }
1714 sub pp_avalues { unop(@_, "values") }
1715 sub pp_akeys { unop(@_, "keys") }
1716 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
1717 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
1719 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
1720 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
1721 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
1722 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
1724 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
1725 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
1726 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
1727 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
1728 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
1729 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
1730 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
1731 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
1732 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
1733 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
1734 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
1736 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
1737 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
1738 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
1739 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
1740 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
1741 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
1742 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
1743 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
1744 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
1745 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
1746 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
1747 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
1748 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
1750 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
1751 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
1753 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
1754 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
1755 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
1756 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
1757 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
1758 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
1759 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
1760 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
1761 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
1762 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
1763 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
1765 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
1767 sub pp_continue { unop(@_, "continue"); }
1768 sub pp_break { unop(@_, "break"); }
1772 my($op, $cx, $givwhen) = @_;
1774 my $enterop = $op->first;
1776 if ($enterop->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1777 $head = $self->keyword("default");
1778 $block = $self->deparse($enterop->first, 0);
1781 my $cond = $enterop->first;
1782 my $cond_str = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1783 $head = "$givwhen ($cond_str)";
1784 $block = $self->deparse($cond->sibling, 0);
1792 sub pp_leavegiven { givwhen(@_, $_[0]->keyword("given")); }
1793 sub pp_leavewhen { givwhen(@_, $_[0]->keyword("when")); }
1799 if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
1800 # Checking for the existence of a subroutine
1801 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1802 $self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1804 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1805 # Array element, not hash element
1806 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1807 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1809 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1817 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
1818 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1819 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1820 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1821 $self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
1824 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1825 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1828 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1829 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1830 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1831 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
1834 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1835 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1843 my $opname = $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? 'CORE::require' : 'require';
1844 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1845 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1847 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1850 return "$opname $name";
1852 $self->unop($op, $cx, $op->first->private & OPpCONST_NOVER ? "no" : $opname);
1859 my $kid = $op->first;
1860 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1861 # XXX Was a here-doc
1862 return $self->dquote($op);
1864 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1871 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1874 sub anon_hash_or_list {
1878 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1879 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$op->name}};
1881 $op = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1882 for (; !null($op); $op = $op->sibling) {
1883 $expr = $self->deparse($op, 6);
1886 if ($pre eq "{" and $cx < 1) {
1887 # Disambiguate that it's not a block
1890 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1896 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1897 return $self->anon_hash_or_list($op, $cx);
1899 warn "Unexpected op pp_" . $op->name() . " without OPf_SPECIAL";
1903 *pp_anonhash = \&pp_anonlist;
1908 my $kid = $op->first;
1909 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1911 if (!null($kid->sibling) and
1912 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1913 return $self->e_anoncode({ code => $self->padval($kid->sibling->targ) });
1914 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1915 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1916 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1917 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1919 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1921 return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
1922 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1923 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1924 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1925 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1926 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1931 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1935 my ($self, $info) = @_;
1936 my $text = $self->deparse_sub($info->{code});
1937 return "sub " . $text;
1940 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1945 my $kid = $op->first;
1946 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1947 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
1948 return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
1954 return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
1957 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1960 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1962 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1964 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1965 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1966 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1968 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1972 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1973 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1974 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1975 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1976 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1980 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1981 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1982 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1983 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1985 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1986 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1987 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1988 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1992 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1993 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1994 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1995 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1996 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, $_[0]->keyword("dump")) }
2000 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2001 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
2002 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
2003 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
2004 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
2005 } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
2006 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
2007 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
2012 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
2013 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
2014 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
2015 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
2016 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
2017 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
2018 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
2019 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-x") }
2020 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
2021 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
2022 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
2023 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
2024 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
2025 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
2026 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
2027 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
2028 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
2029 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
2030 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
2031 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
2032 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
2033 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
2034 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
2035 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
2036 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
2037 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
2038 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
2039 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
2040 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
2042 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
2043 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
2044 sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
2050 my $name = $op->name;
2051 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
2052 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
2055 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2056 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
2057 and null $op->first->sibling)
2059 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
2060 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
2061 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
2062 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
2063 # their associativity).
2064 return assoc_class($op->first);
2066 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
2069 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
2070 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
2073 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
2074 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
2075 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
2077 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
2078 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
2080 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
2082 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
2084 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
2088 sub deparse_binop_left {
2090 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
2091 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
2092 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
2094 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
2096 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
2100 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
2101 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
2104 %right = ('pow' => 22,
2105 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
2106 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
2107 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
2108 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
2110 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
2111 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
2113 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
2115 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
2121 sub deparse_binop_right {
2123 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
2124 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
2125 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
2127 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
2129 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
2135 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
2136 my $left = $op->first;
2137 my $right = $op->last;
2139 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
2143 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
2144 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
2146 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2147 $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
2148 && $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
2149 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2150 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2153 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2154 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2155 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
2156 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2157 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2158 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2159 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2160 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
2161 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2162 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2163 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
2165 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
2166 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
2167 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
2168 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
2169 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
2171 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2172 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2173 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2174 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2175 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2176 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2177 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2178 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2179 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2180 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2181 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2182 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2183 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2184 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2186 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
2187 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
2188 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
2189 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
2190 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
2191 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
2192 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
2194 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
2195 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
2198 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2199 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2200 return $self->deparse($op->last, $cx);
2203 binop(@_, "~~", 14);
2207 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
2208 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
2209 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
2210 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
2214 my $left = $op->first;
2215 my $right = $op->last;
2218 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
2222 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2223 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2224 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2227 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
2231 my $left = $op->first;
2232 my $right = $op->last;
2235 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2239 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
2240 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2242 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2243 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2246 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
2248 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2250 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2251 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2256 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2257 my $left = $op->first;
2258 my $right = $left->sibling;
2259 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
2260 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
2261 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
2267 my $flip = $op->first;
2268 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
2269 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
2272 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
2276 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
2277 my $left = $op->first;
2278 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
2279 if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
2280 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
2282 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2283 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
2284 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
2285 } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
2286 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
2287 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
2288 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2289 return "$right $blockname $left";
2290 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
2291 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
2292 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
2293 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
2294 } else { # $a and $b
2295 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
2296 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
2297 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
2301 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
2302 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
2303 sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "//", 10) }
2305 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
2306 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
2307 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
2311 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
2312 my $left = $op->first;
2313 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
2314 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
2315 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
2316 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
2319 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
2320 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
2321 sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
2325 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2327 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2328 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2329 return $self->keyword($name) if null $kid;
2331 $name = "socketpair" if $name eq "sockpair";
2332 my $fullname = $self->keyword($name);
2333 my $proto = prototype("CORE::$name");
2335 && $proto =~ /^;?\*/
2336 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2337 $first = $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2340 $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2342 if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
2343 $first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
2345 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
2346 push @exprs, $first;
2347 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2348 if (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^\*\*/ && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2349 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2350 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2352 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2353 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2355 if ($name eq "reverse" && ($op->private & OPpREVERSE_INPLACE)) {
2356 return "$exprs[0] = $fullname"
2357 . ($parens ? "($exprs[0])" : " $exprs[0]");
2360 return "$fullname(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2362 return "$fullname " . join(", ", @exprs);
2366 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
2367 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
2368 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
2369 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
2370 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
2371 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
2372 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
2373 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
2374 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
2375 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
2376 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
2377 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
2378 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
2379 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
2380 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
2381 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
2382 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
2383 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
2384 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
2385 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
2386 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
2387 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
2388 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
2389 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
2390 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
2391 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
2392 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
2393 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
2394 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
2395 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
2396 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
2397 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
2398 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
2399 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
2400 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
2401 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
2402 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
2403 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
2404 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
2405 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
2406 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
2407 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
2408 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
2409 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
2410 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
2411 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
2412 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
2413 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
2414 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
2415 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
2416 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
2417 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
2418 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
2419 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
2420 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
2421 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
2422 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
2423 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
2424 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
2425 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
2426 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
2427 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
2428 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
2429 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
2430 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
2431 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
2432 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
2433 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
2434 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
2435 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
2436 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
2437 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
2438 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
2439 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
2440 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
2441 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
2442 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
2443 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
2444 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
2445 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
2446 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
2447 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
2452 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
2453 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
2454 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
2455 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
2457 return '<' . $text . '>';
2461 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
2462 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
2463 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
2469 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2470 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2472 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2473 # $kid is an OP_CONST
2474 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
2476 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2477 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
2479 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
2480 my $name = $self->keyword('truncate');
2482 return "$name($fh, $len)";
2484 return "$name $fh, $len";
2490 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2492 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2494 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2496 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
2497 if (is_scope($indir)) {
2498 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
2499 $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
2500 } elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
2501 $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
2503 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
2505 $indir = $indir . " ";
2506 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2508 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
2509 $indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
2512 elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) {
2513 $indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
2515 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2516 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2520 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
2521 $name2 = $self->keyword('reverse') . ' ' . $self->keyword('sort');
2523 else { $name2 = $self->keyword($name) }
2524 if ($name eq "sort" && ($op->private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)) {
2525 return "$exprs[0] = $name2 $indir $exprs[0]";
2528 my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
2529 if ($indir ne "" and $name eq "sort") {
2530 # We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
2531 # give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
2532 # requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
2533 # 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
2534 # necessary more often that they really are, because we don't
2535 # distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
2537 return "($name2 $args)";
2539 return "$name2 $args";
2542 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name2, $args, $cx, 5);
2547 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
2548 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
2549 sub pp_say { indirop(@_, "say") }
2550 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
2554 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2556 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
2557 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
2558 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
2559 if (is_scope $code) {
2560 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
2562 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
2564 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2565 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2566 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2567 push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
2569 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
2572 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
2573 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
2574 sub pp_mapstart { baseop(@_, "map") }
2575 sub pp_grepstart { baseop(@_, "grep") }
2581 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2583 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...), state(...) or our(...)
2584 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
2585 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
2586 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
2587 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
2589 # OP_ENTERSUB can break this logic, so check for it.
2590 # I suspect that open and exit can too.
2592 if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
2593 or $lop->name eq "undef")
2594 or $lop->name eq "entersub"
2595 or $lop->name eq "exit"
2596 or $lop->name eq "open")
2598 $local = ""; # or not
2601 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) {
2602 if ($lop->private & OPpPAD_STATE) { # state()
2603 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|my)$/;
2606 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|state)$/;
2609 } elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
2610 && $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
2611 or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
2612 && $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
2613 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|local|state)$/;
2615 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef"
2616 # specifically avoid the "reverse sort" optimisation,
2617 # where "reverse" is nullified
2618 && !($lop->name eq 'sort' && ($lop->flags & OPpSORT_REVERSE)))
2621 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|our|state)$/;
2625 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
2626 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
2627 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2629 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
2634 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
2635 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2636 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
2638 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2643 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2645 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
2649 sub is_ifelse_cont {
2651 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2652 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
2653 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
2659 my $cond = $op->first;
2660 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2661 my $false = $true->sibling;
2662 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2663 unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
2664 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
2665 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
2666 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
2667 $true = $self->deparse($true, 6);
2668 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
2669 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
2672 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
2673 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
2674 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
2676 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
2677 my $newop = $false->first;
2678 my $newcond = $newop->first;
2679 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
2680 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
2681 if ($newcond->name eq "lineseq")
2683 # lineseq to ensure correct line numbers in elsif()
2684 # Bug #37302 fixed by change #33710.
2685 $newcond = $newcond->first->sibling;
2687 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
2688 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
2689 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
2691 if (!null($false)) {
2692 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
2693 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2697 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
2701 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2702 my $cond = $op->first;
2703 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2705 return $self->deparse($true, $cx);
2710 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
2711 my $enter = $op->first;
2712 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
2713 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
2714 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
2719 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
2720 if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
2721 $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
2727 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
2728 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
2729 my $var = $ary->sibling;
2730 if ($ary->name eq 'null' and $enter->private & OPpITER_REVERSED) {
2731 # "reverse" was optimised away
2732 $ary = listop($self, $ary->first->sibling, 1, 'reverse');
2733 } elsif ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
2734 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
2736 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
2737 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
2739 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
2742 if (($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && ($] < 5.009)) {
2743 # thread special var, under 5005threads
2744 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
2745 } else { # regular my() variable
2746 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
2748 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
2749 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
2750 if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
2751 # our declarations don't have package names
2752 $var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
2755 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
2756 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
2758 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
2759 if (!is_state $body->first and $body->first->name ne "stub") {
2760 confess unless $var eq '$_';
2761 $body = $body->first;
2762 return $self->deparse($body, 2) . " foreach ($ary)";
2764 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
2765 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
2767 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
2768 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
2769 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
2770 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
2771 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
2772 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
2774 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
2775 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
2776 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
2777 # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
2778 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
2779 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
2781 if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
2783 $cont = $body->last;
2785 $cont = $body->first;
2786 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
2787 $cont = $cont->sibling;
2790 my $state = $body->first;
2791 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2793 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
2794 push @states, $state;
2796 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @states);
2797 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
2798 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
2801 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
2802 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2805 return "" if !defined $body;
2807 $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
2810 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
2812 $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
2814 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
2817 sub pp_leaveloop { shift->loop_common(@_, "") }
2822 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
2823 my $s = $op->sibling;
2824 my $ll = $s->name eq "unstack" ? $s->sibling : $s->first->sibling;
2825 return $self->loop_common($ll, $cx, $init);
2830 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
2833 BEGIN { for (qw[ const stringify rv2sv list glob ]) {
2834 eval "sub OP_\U$_ () { " . opnumber($_) . "}"
2840 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
2842 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
2843 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
2844 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
2845 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
2846 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
2847 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "leave") {
2848 return $self->pp_leave($op->first, $cx);
2849 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "scope") {
2850 return $self->pp_scope($op->first, $cx);
2851 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
2852 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
2853 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_GLOB) {
2854 return $self->pp_glob(
2855 $op->first # entersub
2861 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2862 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
2863 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2864 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
2865 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
2867 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2868 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
2869 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2870 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
2871 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
2873 } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
2874 return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
2875 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2876 $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
2877 class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
2878 $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
2879 $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
2880 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
2881 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
2884 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
2891 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
2897 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
2903 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
2906 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
2907 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
2909 my @threadsv_names = B::threadsv_names;
2913 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
2919 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
2920 return $self->padval($op->padix);
2921 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2929 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2930 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
2931 $self->gv_name($gv), $cx));
2937 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2938 return $self->gv_name($gv);
2941 sub pp_aelemfast_lex {
2944 my $name = $self->padname($op->targ);
2946 return $name . "[" . ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
2952 # optimised PADAV, pre 5.15
2953 return $self->pp_aelemfast_lex(@_) if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2955 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2956 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
2957 $name = $self->{'curstash'}."::$name"
2958 if $name !~ /::/ && $self->lex_in_scope('@'.$name);
2959 $name = '$' . $name;
2960 return $name . "[" . ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
2965 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2967 if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
2968 carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
2971 my $kid = $op->first;
2972 if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
2973 return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0), $cx);
2974 } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
2975 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
2976 if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
2977 # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
2978 # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
2979 # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
2980 # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
2981 # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
2982 # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
2983 # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
2984 # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
2985 # disambiguation braces.
2986 $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
2988 return $type . $str;
2990 return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2994 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
2995 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
2996 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
3002 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
3003 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
3005 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
3006 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
3010 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
3012 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
3013 if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
3014 $op->first->targ eq OP_LIST)
3016 return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
3019 return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
3025 my($cx, @list) = @_;
3026 my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
3031 } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
3032 # collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
3033 my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
3035 return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
3036 unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
3038 return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
3044 my $kid = $op->first;
3045 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
3046 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
3047 return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
3049 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
3053 sub is_subscriptable {
3055 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
3057 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
3058 my $kid = $op->first;
3059 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
3061 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
3062 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
3064 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
3065 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
3066 return is_subscriptable($kid);
3072 sub elem_or_slice_array_name
3075 my ($array, $left, $padname, $allow_arrow) = @_;
3077 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
3078 return $self->padany($array);
3079 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
3080 return "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
3081 } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
3082 $array = $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($array));
3083 if ($array !~ /::/) {
3084 my $prefix = ($left eq '[' ? '@' : '%');
3085 $array = $self->{curstash}.'::'.$array
3086 if $self->lex_in_scope($prefix . $array);
3089 } elsif (!$allow_arrow || is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
3090 return $self->deparse($array, 24);
3096 sub elem_or_slice_single_index
3101 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
3103 # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
3104 # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
3105 # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
3107 # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
3108 # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
3109 # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
3110 # have been added in the first place.
3112 # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
3113 # where the initial and final parens do not match
3114 # each other. But we can't, because the above would
3115 # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
3116 # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
3117 # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
3119 $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
3121 # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
3122 # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
3123 # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
3124 # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
3125 # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
3126 # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
3127 # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
3129 $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
3136 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
3137 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
3139 $idx = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($idx);
3141 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
3142 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
3144 if (my $array_name=$self->elem_or_slice_array_name
3145 ($array, $left, $padname, 1)) {
3146 return "\$" . $array_name . $left . $idx . $right;
3148 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
3149 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
3150 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow . $left . $idx . $right;
3155 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
3156 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
3161 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
3162 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
3163 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
3164 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
3165 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
3166 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
3167 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
3172 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
3174 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
3175 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
3177 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
3178 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
3182 $array = $array->first
3183 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
3184 $array = $self->elem_or_slice_array_name($array,$left,$padname,0);
3185 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3186 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
3187 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
3188 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3189 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
3191 $list = join(", ", @elems);
3193 $list = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($kid);
3195 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
3198 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
3199 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
3204 my $idx = $op->first;
3205 my $list = $op->last;
3207 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
3208 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
3209 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
3214 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3219 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
3225 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3226 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
3227 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
3228 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
3229 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
3230 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
3231 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
3232 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
3233 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
3234 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
3235 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
3236 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
3237 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
3238 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
3239 $meth = $kid->sibling;
3240 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3242 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3243 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3248 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3249 for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name!~/^method(?:_named)?\z/;
3250 $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3256 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
3257 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
3259 $meth = $meth->first;
3260 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
3261 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
3262 # method_named case above
3263 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
3267 return { method => $meth, variable_method => ref($meth),
3268 object => $obj, args => \@exprs };
3271 # compat function only
3274 my $info = $self->_method(@_);
3275 return $self->e_method( $self->_method(@_) );
3279 my ($self, $info) = @_;
3280 my $obj = $self->deparse($info->{object}, 24);
3282 my $meth = $info->{method};
3283 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1) if $info->{variable_method};
3284 my $args = join(", ", map { $self->deparse($_, 6) } @{$info->{args}} );
3285 my $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
3287 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
3293 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
3294 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
3297 return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
3298 my($proto, @args) = @_;
3302 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
3303 1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
3305 $proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*_]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)//;
3308 return "&" if @args;
3309 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
3311 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
3312 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
3317 if ($chr eq "\$" || $chr eq "_") {
3318 if (want_scalar $arg) {
3319 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3323 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
3324 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
3325 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3329 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
3330 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
3331 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
3333 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
3334 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
3335 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3337 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
3342 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
3344 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
3345 !null($real = $arg->first) and
3346 ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
3348 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3349 && $real->first->sibling->name
3352 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3353 && $real->first->sibling->name
3355 #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
3356 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
3358 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
3360 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3367 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
3368 return "&" if @args; # too many args
3369 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
3375 return $self->e_method($self->_method($op, $cx))
3376 unless null $op->first->sibling;
3380 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
3382 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
3386 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
3387 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3392 if (is_scope($kid)) {
3394 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3395 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
3396 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
3397 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
3398 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
3400 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
3401 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3403 if ($kid eq 'main::') {
3405 } elsif ($kid !~ /^(?:\w|::)(?:[\w\d]|::(?!\z))*\z/) {
3406 $kid = single_delim("q", "'", $kid) . '->';
3409 } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
3411 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3414 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
3415 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
3418 # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
3419 # they haven't happened yet!
3423 no warnings 'uninitialized';
3424 $declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
3426 defined &{ ${$self->{'curstash'}."::"}{$kid} }
3428 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
3429 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
3431 if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
3432 # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
3433 ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
3438 if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
3439 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
3440 if ($amper eq "&") {
3441 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3444 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3446 if ($prefix or $amper) {
3447 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3448 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
3450 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
3453 # It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo with a prefix,
3454 # so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
3456 $kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
3458 my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
3460 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3461 } elsif ($dproto eq "") {
3463 } elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
3464 # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
3465 # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
3466 # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
3467 # take some major code restructuring to do right.
3468 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
3469 } elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
3470 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
3472 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3477 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
3479 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
3480 # but not character escapes
3483 $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
3491 # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
3502 # the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
3516 (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\)) # $4
3522 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3527 # This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
3528 # We have to leave comments unmangled.
3529 sub re_uninterp_extended {
3542 ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\) # $4 (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
3543 | \#[^\n]* # (skip over comments)
3550 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3556 my %unctrl = # portable to to EBCDIC
3558 "\c@" => '\c@', # unused
3585 "\c[" => '\c[', # unused
3586 "\c\\" => '\c\\', # unused
3587 "\c]" => '\c]', # unused
3588 "\c_" => '\c_', # unused
3591 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
3592 sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
3594 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3596 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
3602 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
3603 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3607 # For regexes with the /x modifier.
3608 # Leave whitespace unmangled.
3609 sub escape_extended_re {
3611 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3612 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
3613 ($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3614 $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
3618 # Don't do this for regexen
3621 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
3625 # Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
3626 # to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
3630 # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
3631 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
3635 sub balanced_delim {
3637 my @str = split //, $str;
3638 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt, $last_bs);
3639 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
3640 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
3641 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0; $last_bs = 0;
3644 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
3646 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
3647 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
3655 $last_bs = $c eq '\\';
3657 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
3658 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
3664 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
3665 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
3667 (my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
3668 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
3670 for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
3671 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
3674 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
3675 return "$default$str$default";
3683 BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
3685 # Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
3686 # exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
3687 # some weird infinity or NaN.
3691 if ($f == int($f)) {
3692 while ($f % 2 == 0) {
3697 while ($f != int($f)) {
3702 my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
3703 return ($mantissa, $exponent);
3709 if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
3710 return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
3712 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
3713 # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
3714 return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
3716 if (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
3719 # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
3720 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
3721 for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3722 return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
3726 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
3727 my $str = $sv->int_value;
3728 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
3730 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
3733 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
3738 return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
3740 } elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
3743 return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
3746 return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
3748 } elsif ($nv != $nv) {
3750 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
3752 return "sin(9**9**9)";
3753 } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
3755 return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
3758 my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
3759 return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
3762 # first, try the default stringification
3765 # failing that, try using more precision
3766 $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
3767 # if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
3769 # not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
3770 # and atof() Perl is using here.
3771 my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
3772 return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
3775 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
3777 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
3779 if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
3780 return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
3781 } elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
3782 my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
3784 for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
3785 push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
3787 return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
3788 } elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
3789 return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
3791 if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
3792 for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3793 if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
3794 my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
3795 return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
3800 return $self->maybe_parens("\\" . $self->const($ref, 20), $cx, 20);
3801 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
3803 if ($str =~ /[[:^print:]]/) {
3804 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
3806 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
3816 my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
3817 my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
3818 $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
3819 my $str = $dumper->Dump();
3820 if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
3821 return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
3831 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
3832 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
3839 if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
3842 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
3843 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
3845 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
3846 return $self->const($sv, $cx);
3852 my $type = $op->name;
3853 if ($type eq "const") {
3854 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3855 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
3856 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3857 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
3858 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
3860 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
3861 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3862 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3863 || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
3864 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3866 return $first . $last;
3867 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3868 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3869 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3870 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3871 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3872 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3873 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3874 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3875 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3876 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3877 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3878 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3880 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3887 # skip pushmark if it exists (readpipe() vs ``)
3888 my $child = $op->first->sibling->isa('B::NULL')
3889 ? $op->first : $op->first->sibling;
3890 if ($self->pure_string($child)) {
3891 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($child, 1));
3893 unop($self, @_, "readpipe");
3899 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
3900 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
3901 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
3902 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
3905 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
3906 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
3908 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
3909 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
3911 my($from, $to) = @_;
3912 my($succeed, $delim);
3913 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
3914 return "/$from/$to/";
3915 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
3916 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
3919 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
3920 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
3923 return "$from/$to/";
3926 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
3927 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
3928 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
3930 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
3932 return "/$from/$to/";
3936 # Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
3939 if ($n == ord '\\') {
3941 } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
3943 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
3945 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
3947 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
3949 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
3951 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
3953 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
3955 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
3957 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
3959 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
3960 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
3962 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
3963 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
3969 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
3970 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
3973 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
3974 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
3976 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
3979 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
3985 sub tr_decode_byte {
3986 my($table, $flags) = @_;
3987 my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
3988 splice @table, 0x100, 1; # Number of subsequent elements
3989 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
3990 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
3991 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
3993 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
3994 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
3998 } else { # -2 ==> delete
4002 for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
4005 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
4006 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
4010 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
4011 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
4014 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
4015 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
4016 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
4020 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
4021 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
4024 $from = collapse(@from);
4025 $to = collapse(@to);
4026 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
4027 return ($from, $to);
4032 if ($x == ord "-") {
4034 } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
4041 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
4043 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
4044 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
4045 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
4047 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
4048 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
4049 my $extra = $none + 1;
4050 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
4052 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
4053 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
4060 $result = hex $result;
4061 if ($result == $extra) {
4062 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
4064 push @from, [$min, $max];
4065 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
4068 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
4069 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
4070 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
4071 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
4073 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
4076 unshift @from, ord '-';
4077 unshift @to, ord '-';
4081 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
4082 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
4083 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
4085 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
4087 push @delfrom, ord '-';
4091 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
4092 push @to, [$final, $final];
4094 push @from, @delfrom;
4095 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
4098 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
4099 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
4100 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
4103 for my $range (@newfrom) {
4104 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
4109 my($from, $to, $diff);
4110 for my $chunk (@from) {
4111 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
4113 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
4114 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
4115 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
4117 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
4120 for my $chunk (@to) {
4121 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
4123 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
4124 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
4125 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
4127 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
4130 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
4131 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
4132 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
4133 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
4134 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
4135 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
4142 my $class = class($op);
4143 my $priv_flags = $op->private;
4144 if ($class eq "PVOP") {
4145 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $priv_flags);
4146 } elsif ($class eq "PADOP") {
4148 = tr_decode_utf8($self->padval($op->padix)->RV, $priv_flags);
4149 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
4150 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $priv_flags);
4153 $flags .= "c" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4154 $flags .= "d" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4155 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
4156 $flags .= "s" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4157 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
4160 sub pp_transr { &pp_trans . 'r' }
4162 sub re_dq_disambiguate {
4163 my ($first, $last) = @_;
4164 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
4165 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
4166 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
4167 || ($last =~ /^[{\[\w_]/ &&
4168 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
4169 return $first . $last;
4172 # Like dq(), but different
4175 my ($op, $extended) = @_;
4177 my $type = $op->name;
4178 if ($type eq "const") {
4179 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4180 my $unbacked = re_unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string);
4181 return re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked))
4183 return re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
4184 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
4185 my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first, $extended);
4186 my $last = $self->re_dq($op->last, $extended);
4187 return re_dq_disambiguate($first, $last);
4188 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
4189 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4190 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
4191 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4192 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
4193 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
4194 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
4195 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
4196 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
4197 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
4198 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
4199 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
4201 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
4206 my ($self, $op) = @_;
4207 return 0 if null $op;
4208 my $type = $op->name;
4210 if ($type eq 'const') {
4213 elsif ($type =~ /^[ul]c(first)?$/ || $type eq 'quotemeta') {
4214 return $self->pure_string($op->first->sibling);
4216 elsif ($type eq 'join') {
4217 my $join_op = $op->first->sibling; # Skip pushmark
4218 return 0 unless $join_op->name eq 'null' && $join_op->targ eq OP_RV2SV;
4220 my $gvop = $join_op->first;
4221 return 0 unless $gvop->name eq 'gvsv';
4222 return 0 unless '"' eq $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($gvop));
4224 return 0 unless ${$join_op->sibling} eq ${$op->last};
4225 return 0 unless $op->last->name =~ /^(?:[ah]slice|(?:rv2|pad)av)$/;
4227 elsif ($type eq 'concat') {
4228 return $self->pure_string($op->first)
4229 && $self->pure_string($op->last);
4231 elsif (is_scalar($op) || $type =~ /^[ah]elem$/) {
4234 elsif ($type eq "null" and $op->can('first') and not null $op->first and
4235 $op->first->name eq "null" and $op->first->can('first')
4236 and not null $op->first->first and
4237 $op->first->first->name eq "aelemfast") {
4249 my($op, $cx, $extended) = @_;
4250 my $kid = $op->first;
4251 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
4252 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
4253 if ($kid->name eq "null" and !null($kid->first)
4254 and $kid->first->name eq 'pushmark')
4257 $kid = $kid->first->sibling;
4258 while (!null($kid)) {
4260 my $last = $self->re_dq($kid, $extended);
4261 $str = re_dq_disambiguate($first, $last);
4262 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4267 return ($self->re_dq($kid, $extended), 1) if $self->pure_string($kid);
4268 return ($self->deparse($kid, $cx), 0);
4272 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
4273 return (($self->regcomp($op, $cx, 0))[0]);
4276 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
4279 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
4280 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
4281 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
4285 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
4286 my $kid = $op->first;
4287 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
4288 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4290 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
4291 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4294 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
4295 my $rhs_bound_to_defsv;
4297 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
4299 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
4301 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($op->precomp)));
4303 } elsif ($kid->name ne 'regcomp') {
4304 carp("found ".$kid->name." where regcomp expected");
4306 ($re, $quote) = $self->regcomp($kid, 21, $extended);
4307 $rhs_bound_to_defsv = 1 if $kid->first->first->flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
4310 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
4311 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
4312 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
4313 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4314 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
4315 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
4316 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
4317 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
4318 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
4322 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
4324 $re = $re . $flags if $quote;
4327 $self->maybe_parens(
4329 ? "$var =~ (\$_ =~ $re)"
4338 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
4339 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
4340 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
4345 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
4348 # For our kid (an OP_PUSHRE), pmreplroot is never actually the
4349 # root of a replacement; it's either empty, or abused to point to
4350 # the GV for an array we split into (an optimization to save
4351 # assignment overhead). Depending on whether we're using ithreads,
4352 # this OP* holds either a GV* or a PADOFFSET. Luckily, B.xs
4353 # figures out for us which it is.
4354 my $replroot = $kid->pmreplroot;
4356 if (ref($replroot) eq "B::GV") {
4358 } elsif (!ref($replroot) and $replroot > 0) {
4359 $gv = $self->padval($replroot);
4361 $ary = $self->stash_variable('@', $self->gv_name($gv), $cx) if $gv;
4363 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
4364 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
4367 # handle special case of split(), and split(' ') that compiles to /\s+/
4368 # Under 5.10, the reflags may be undef if the split regexp isn't a constant
4370 if ( $kid->flags & OPf_SPECIAL
4371 and ( $] < 5.009 ? $kid->pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE()
4372 : ($kid->reflags || 0) & RXf_SKIPWHITE() ) ) {