3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'It's a big house this, and very peculiar. Always a bit more
13 * to discover, and no knowing what you'll find round a corner.
14 * And Elves, sir!' --Samwise Gamgee
16 * [p.225 of _The Lord of the Rings_, II/i: "Many Meetings"]
19 /* This file contains general pp ("push/pop") functions that execute the
20 * opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function expects to
21 * find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its results onto
22 * the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure contains
23 * a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
32 #include "regcharclass.h"
34 /* XXX I can't imagine anyone who doesn't have this actually _needs_
35 it, since pid_t is an integral type.
38 #ifdef NEED_GETPID_PROTO
39 extern Pid_t getpid (void);
43 * Some BSDs and Cygwin default to POSIX math instead of IEEE.
44 * This switches them over to IEEE.
46 #if defined(LIBM_LIB_VERSION)
47 _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION = _IEEE_;
50 static const STRLEN small_mu_len = sizeof(GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU_UTF8) - 1;
51 static const STRLEN capital_iota_len = sizeof(GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA_UTF8) - 1;
53 /* variations on pp_null */
58 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
69 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVAV);
70 if (UNLIKELY( PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ))
71 if (LIKELY( !(PL_op->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) ))
72 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
74 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
77 } else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB) {
78 const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
79 if (flags && !(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS)) {
80 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
81 /* diag_listed_as: Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context */
82 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return array to lvalue scalar context");
88 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
89 /* XXX see also S_pushav in pp_hot.c */
90 const Size_t maxarg = AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(TARG)) + 1;
92 if (SvMAGICAL(TARG)) {
94 for (i=0; i < maxarg; i++) {
95 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(MUTABLE_AV(TARG), i, FALSE);
96 SP[i+1] = (svp) ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
101 for (i=0; i < (PADOFFSET)maxarg; i++) {
102 SV * const sv = AvARRAY((const AV *)TARG)[i];
103 SP[i+1] = sv ? sv : &PL_sv_undef;
108 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
109 SV* const sv = sv_newmortal();
110 const SSize_t maxarg = AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(TARG)) + 1;
111 sv_setiv(sv, maxarg);
122 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVHV);
124 if (UNLIKELY( PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ))
125 if (LIKELY( !(PL_op->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) ))
126 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
127 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
129 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB) {
130 const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
131 if (flags && !(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS)) {
132 if (GIMME == G_SCALAR)
133 /* diag_listed_as: Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context */
134 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't return hash to lvalue scalar context");
139 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
140 RETURNOP(Perl_do_kv(aTHX));
142 else if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpTRUEBOOL
143 || ( PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_TRUEBOOL
144 && block_gimme() == G_VOID ))
145 && (!SvRMAGICAL(TARG) || !mg_find(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_tied)))
146 SETs(HvUSEDKEYS(TARG) ? &PL_sv_yes : sv_2mortal(newSViv(0)));
147 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
148 SV* const sv = Perl_hv_scalar(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(TARG));
157 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVCV);
165 SvPADSTALE_off(TARG);
173 mg_find(PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(find_runcv(NULL)))[ARGTARG],
175 assert(SvTYPE(TARG) == SVt_PVCV);
178 if (CvISXSUB(mg->mg_obj)) { /* constant */
179 /* XXX Should we clone it here? */
180 /* If this changes to use SAVECLEARSV, we can move the SAVECLEARSV
181 to introcv and remove the SvPADSTALE_off. */
182 SAVEPADSVANDMORTALIZE(ARGTARG);
183 PAD_SVl(ARGTARG) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(mg->mg_obj);
186 if (CvROOT(mg->mg_obj)) {
187 assert(CvCLONE(mg->mg_obj));
188 assert(!CvCLONED(mg->mg_obj));
190 cv_clone_into((CV *)mg->mg_obj,(CV *)TARG);
191 SAVECLEARSV(PAD_SVl(ARGTARG));
198 static const char S_no_symref_sv[] =
199 "Can't use string (\"%" SVf32 "\"%s) as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use";
201 /* In some cases this function inspects PL_op. If this function is called
202 for new op types, more bool parameters may need to be added in place of
205 When noinit is true, the absence of a gv will cause a retval of undef.
206 This is unrelated to the cv-to-gv assignment case.
210 S_rv2gv(pTHX_ SV *sv, const bool vivify_sv, const bool strict,
213 if (!isGV(sv) || SvFAKE(sv)) SvGETMAGIC(sv);
216 sv = amagic_deref_call(sv, to_gv_amg);
220 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVIO) {
221 GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(sv_newmortal());
222 gv_init(gv, 0, "__ANONIO__", 10, 0);
223 GvIOp(gv) = MUTABLE_IO(sv);
224 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
227 else if (!isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
228 Perl_die(aTHX_ "Not a GLOB reference");
232 if (!isGV_with_GP(sv)) {
234 /* If this is a 'my' scalar and flag is set then vivify
237 if (vivify_sv && sv != &PL_sv_undef) {
240 Perl_croak_no_modify();
241 if (cUNOP->op_targ) {
242 SV * const namesv = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_targ);
243 HV *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
244 if (SvTYPE(stash) != SVt_PVHV) stash = NULL;
245 gv = MUTABLE_GV(newSV(0));
246 gv_init_sv(gv, stash, namesv, 0);
249 const char * const name = CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop);
250 gv = newGVgen_flags(name,
251 HvNAMEUTF8(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
252 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
254 prepare_SV_for_RV(sv);
255 SvRV_set(sv, MUTABLE_SV(gv));
260 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF || strict) {
261 Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, "a symbol");
263 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
269 if (!(sv = MUTABLE_SV(gv_fetchsv_nomg(
270 sv, GV_ADDMG, SVt_PVGV
279 (SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv)>32 ? "..." : ""),
283 if ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpDONT_INIT_GV))
284 == OPpDONT_INIT_GV) {
285 /* We are the target of a coderef assignment. Return
286 the scalar unchanged, and let pp_sasssign deal with
290 sv = MUTABLE_SV(gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV));
292 /* FAKE globs in the symbol table cause weird bugs (#77810) */
296 if (SvFAKE(sv) && !(PL_op->op_private & OPpALLOW_FAKE)) {
297 SV *newsv = sv_newmortal();
298 sv_setsv_flags(newsv, sv, 0);
310 sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF,
311 PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS,
312 ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
313 || PL_op->op_type == OP_READLINE
315 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
316 save_gp(MUTABLE_GV(sv), !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
321 /* Helper function for pp_rv2sv and pp_rv2av */
323 Perl_softref2xv(pTHX_ SV *const sv, const char *const what,
324 const svtype type, SV ***spp)
328 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SOFTREF2XV;
330 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) {
332 Perl_die(aTHX_ S_no_symref_sv, sv,
333 (SvPOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv)>32 ? "..." : ""), what);
335 Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, what);
339 PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF
341 Perl_die(aTHX_ PL_no_usym, what);
342 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
344 if (type != SVt_PV && GIMME_V == G_ARRAY) {
348 **spp = &PL_sv_undef;
351 if ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) &&
352 !(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
354 if (!(gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADDMG, type)))
356 **spp = &PL_sv_undef;
361 gv = gv_fetchsv_nomg(sv, GV_ADD, type);
374 sv = amagic_deref_call(sv, to_sv_amg);
378 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
384 DIE(aTHX_ "Not a SCALAR reference");
391 if (!isGV_with_GP(gv)) {
392 gv = Perl_softref2xv(aTHX_ sv, "a SCALAR", SVt_PV, &sp);
398 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD) {
399 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
400 if (cUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL)
401 sv = save_scalar(MUTABLE_GV(TOPs));
403 sv = save_scalar(gv);
405 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", PL_no_localize_ref);
407 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF)
408 sv = vivify_ref(sv, PL_op->op_private & OPpDEREF);
417 AV * const av = MUTABLE_AV(TOPs);
418 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
420 SV ** const sv = Perl_av_arylen_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_AV(av));
422 *sv = newSV_type(SVt_PVMG);
423 sv_magic(*sv, MUTABLE_SV(av), PERL_MAGIC_arylen, NULL, 0);
427 SETs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(AvFILL(MUTABLE_AV(av)))));
436 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {
437 SV * const ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV));/* Not TARG RT#67838 */
438 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_pos, NULL, 0);
440 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
441 PUSHs(ret); /* no SvSETMAGIC */
445 const MAGIC * const mg = mg_find_mglob(sv);
446 if (mg && mg->mg_len != -1) {
448 STRLEN i = mg->mg_len;
449 if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_BYTES && DO_UTF8(sv))
450 i = sv_pos_b2u_flags(sv, i, SV_GMAGIC|SV_CONST_RETURN);
463 const I32 flags = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
465 : ((PL_op->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT))
466 == OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT)
469 /* We usually try to add a non-existent subroutine in case of AUTOLOAD. */
470 /* (But not in defined().) */
472 CV *cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash_unused, &gv, flags);
474 else if ((flags == (GV_ADD|GV_NOEXPAND)) && gv && SvROK(gv)) {
475 cv = SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) == SVt_PVCV
476 ? MUTABLE_CV(SvRV(gv))
480 cv = MUTABLE_CV(&PL_sv_undef);
481 SETs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
491 SV *ret = &PL_sv_undef;
493 if (SvGMAGICAL(TOPs)) SETs(sv_mortalcopy(TOPs));
494 if (SvPOK(TOPs) && SvCUR(TOPs) >= 7) {
495 const char * s = SvPVX_const(TOPs);
496 if (strnEQ(s, "CORE::", 6)) {
497 const int code = keyword(s + 6, SvCUR(TOPs) - 6, 1);
499 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find an opnumber for \"%"UTF8f"\"",
500 UTF8fARG(SvFLAGS(TOPs) & SVf_UTF8, SvCUR(TOPs)-6, s+6));
502 SV * const sv = core_prototype(NULL, s + 6, code, NULL);
508 cv = sv_2cv(TOPs, &stash, &gv, 0);
510 ret = newSVpvn_flags(
511 CvPROTO(cv), CvPROTOLEN(cv), SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(cv)
521 CV *cv = MUTABLE_CV(PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ));
523 cv = MUTABLE_CV(sv_2mortal(MUTABLE_SV(cv_clone(cv))));
525 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
539 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
543 *MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
544 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
548 EXTEND_MORTAL(SP - MARK);
550 *MARK = refto(*MARK);
555 S_refto(pTHX_ SV *sv)
559 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REFTO;
561 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVLV && LvTYPE(sv) == 'y') {
564 if (!(sv = LvTARG(sv)))
567 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
569 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
570 if (!AvREAL((const AV *)sv) && AvREIFY((const AV *)sv))
571 av_reify(MUTABLE_AV(sv));
573 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
575 else if (SvPADTMP(sv)) {
580 SvREFCNT_inc_void_NN(sv);
583 sv_upgrade(rv, SVt_IV);
592 SV * const sv = TOPs;
600 /* use the return value that is in a register, its the same as TARG */
601 TARG = sv_ref(TARG,SvRV(sv),TRUE);
616 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
617 if (SvTYPE(stash) != SVt_PVHV)
618 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a freed package");
621 SV * const ssv = POPs;
625 if (!ssv) goto curstash;
628 if (!SvAMAGIC(ssv)) {
630 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Attempt to bless into a reference");
632 /* SvAMAGIC is on here, but it only means potentially overloaded,
633 so after stringification: */
634 ptr = SvPV_nomg_const(ssv,len);
635 /* We need to check the flag again: */
636 if (!SvAMAGIC(ssv)) goto frog;
638 else ptr = SvPV_nomg_const(ssv,len);
640 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
641 "Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)");
642 stash = gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, GV_ADD|SvUTF8(ssv));
645 (void)sv_bless(TOPs, stash);
655 const char * const elem = SvPV_const(sv, len);
656 GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
661 /* elem will always be NUL terminated. */
662 const char * const second_letter = elem + 1;
665 if (len == 5 && strEQ(second_letter, "RRAY"))
667 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv));
668 if (tmpRef && !AvREAL((const AV *)tmpRef)
669 && AvREIFY((const AV *)tmpRef))
670 av_reify(MUTABLE_AV(tmpRef));
674 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "ODE"))
675 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvCVu(gv));
678 if (len == 10 && strEQ(second_letter, "ILEHANDLE")) {
679 /* finally deprecated in 5.8.0 */
680 deprecate("*glob{FILEHANDLE}");
681 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(gv));
684 if (len == 6 && strEQ(second_letter, "ORMAT"))
685 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvFORM(gv));
688 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "LOB"))
689 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(gv);
692 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "ASH"))
693 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv));
696 if (*second_letter == 'O' && !elem[2] && len == 2)
697 tmpRef = MUTABLE_SV(GvIOp(gv));
700 if (len == 4 && strEQ(second_letter, "AME"))
701 sv = newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
704 if (len == 7 && strEQ(second_letter, "ACKAGE")) {
705 const HV * const stash = GvSTASH(gv);
706 const HEK * const hek = stash ? HvNAME_HEK(stash) : NULL;
707 sv = hek ? newSVhek(hek) : newSVpvs("__ANON__");
711 if (len == 6 && strEQ(second_letter, "CALAR"))
726 /* Pattern matching */
734 if (len == 0 || len > I32_MAX || !SvPOK(sv) || SvUTF8(sv) || SvVALID(sv)) {
735 /* Historically, study was skipped in these cases. */
739 /* Make study a no-op. It's no longer useful and its existence
740 complicates matters elsewhere. */
745 /* also used for: pp_transr() */
752 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
754 else if (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
760 if(PL_op->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
762 const char * const pv = SvPV(sv,len);
763 SV * const newsv = newSVpvn_flags(pv, len, SVs_TEMP|SvUTF8(sv));
768 TARG = sv_newmortal();
774 /* Lvalue operators. */
777 S_do_chomp(pTHX_ SV *retval, SV *sv, bool chomping)
782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_CHOMP;
784 if (chomping && (RsSNARF(PL_rs) || RsRECORD(PL_rs)))
786 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV) {
788 AV *const av = MUTABLE_AV(sv);
789 const I32 max = AvFILL(av);
791 for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
792 sv = MUTABLE_SV(av_fetch(av, i, FALSE));
793 if (sv && ((sv = *(SV**)sv), sv != &PL_sv_undef))
794 do_chomp(retval, sv, chomping);
798 else if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) {
799 HV* const hv = MUTABLE_HV(sv);
801 (void)hv_iterinit(hv);
802 while ((entry = hv_iternext(hv)))
803 do_chomp(retval, hv_iterval(hv,entry), chomping);
806 else if (SvREADONLY(sv)) {
807 Perl_croak_no_modify();
809 else if (SvIsCOW(sv)) {
810 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
815 /* XXX, here sv is utf8-ized as a side-effect!
816 If encoding.pm is used properly, almost string-generating
817 operations, including literal strings, chr(), input data, etc.
818 should have been utf8-ized already, right?
820 sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, PL_encoding);
826 char *temp_buffer = NULL;
835 while (len && s[-1] == '\n') {
842 STRLEN rslen, rs_charlen;
843 const char *rsptr = SvPV_const(PL_rs, rslen);
845 rs_charlen = SvUTF8(PL_rs)
849 if (SvUTF8(PL_rs) != SvUTF8(sv)) {
850 /* Assumption is that rs is shorter than the scalar. */
852 /* RS is utf8, scalar is 8 bit. */
854 temp_buffer = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8*)rsptr,
857 /* Cannot downgrade, therefore cannot possibly match
859 assert (temp_buffer == rsptr);
865 else if (PL_encoding) {
866 /* RS is 8 bit, encoding.pm is used.
867 * Do not recode PL_rs as a side-effect. */
868 svrecode = newSVpvn(rsptr, rslen);
869 sv_recode_to_utf8(svrecode, PL_encoding);
870 rsptr = SvPV_const(svrecode, rslen);
871 rs_charlen = sv_len_utf8(svrecode);
874 /* RS is 8 bit, scalar is utf8. */
875 temp_buffer = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((U8*)rsptr, &rslen);
889 if (memNE(s, rsptr, rslen))
891 SvIVX(retval) += rs_charlen;
894 s = SvPV_force_nomg_nolen(sv);
902 SvREFCNT_dec(svrecode);
904 Safefree(temp_buffer);
906 if (len && !SvPOK(sv))
907 s = SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
910 char * const send = s + len;
911 char * const start = s;
913 while (s > start && UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s))
915 if (is_utf8_string((U8*)s, send - s)) {
916 sv_setpvn(retval, s, send - s);
918 SvCUR_set(sv, s - start);
924 sv_setpvs(retval, "");
928 sv_setpvn(retval, s, 1);
935 sv_setpvs(retval, "");
941 /* also used for: pp_schomp() */
946 const bool chomping = PL_op->op_type == OP_SCHOMP;
950 do_chomp(TARG, TOPs, chomping);
956 /* also used for: pp_chomp() */
960 dSP; dMARK; dTARGET; dORIGMARK;
961 const bool chomping = PL_op->op_type == OP_CHOMP;
966 do_chomp(TARG, *++MARK, chomping);
977 if (!PL_op->op_private) {
986 if (SvTHINKFIRST(sv))
987 sv_force_normal_flags(sv, SV_COW_DROP_PV|SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF);
989 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
993 av_undef(MUTABLE_AV(sv));
996 hv_undef(MUTABLE_HV(sv));
999 if (cv_const_sv((const CV *)sv))
1000 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1001 "Constant subroutine %"SVf" undefined",
1002 SVfARG(CvANON((const CV *)sv)
1003 ? newSVpvs_flags("(anonymous)", SVs_TEMP)
1004 : sv_2mortal(newSVhek(
1006 ? CvNAME_HEK((CV *)sv)
1007 : GvENAME_HEK(CvGV((const CV *)sv))
1012 /* let user-undef'd sub keep its identity */
1013 cv_undef_flags(MUTABLE_CV(sv), CV_UNDEF_KEEP_NAME);
1016 assert(isGV_with_GP(sv));
1017 assert(!SvFAKE(sv));
1022 /* undef *Pkg::meth_name ... */
1024 = GvCVu((const GV *)sv) && (stash = GvSTASH((const GV *)sv))
1025 && HvENAME_get(stash);
1027 if((stash = GvHV((const GV *)sv))) {
1028 if(HvENAME_get(stash))
1029 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv_2mortal((SV *)stash));
1033 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv_2mortal(sv));
1034 gp_free(MUTABLE_GV(sv));
1036 GvGP_set(sv, gp_ref(gp));
1037 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1038 GvSV(sv) = newSV(0);
1040 GvLINE(sv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1041 GvEGV(sv) = MUTABLE_GV(sv);
1045 mro_package_moved(NULL, stash, (const GV *)sv, 0);
1047 /* undef *Foo::ISA */
1048 if( strEQ(GvNAME((const GV *)sv), "ISA")
1049 && (stash = GvSTASH((const GV *)sv))
1050 && (method_changed || HvENAME(stash)) )
1051 mro_isa_changed_in(stash);
1052 else if(method_changed)
1053 mro_method_changed_in(
1054 GvSTASH((const GV *)sv)
1060 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PV && SvPVX_const(sv) && SvLEN(sv)) {
1073 /* also used for: pp_i_postdec() pp_i_postinc() pp_postdec() */
1079 PL_op->op_type == OP_POSTINC || PL_op->op_type == OP_I_POSTINC;
1080 if (SvTYPE(TOPs) >= SVt_PVAV || (isGV_with_GP(TOPs) && !SvFAKE(TOPs)))
1081 Perl_croak_no_modify();
1083 TARG = sv_newmortal();
1084 sv_setsv(TARG, TOPs);
1085 if (!SvREADONLY(TOPs) && !SvGMAGICAL(TOPs) && SvIOK_notUV(TOPs) && !SvNOK(TOPs) && !SvPOK(TOPs)
1086 && SvIVX(TOPs) != (inc ? IV_MAX : IV_MIN))
1088 SvIV_set(TOPs, SvIVX(TOPs) + (inc ? 1 : -1));
1089 SvFLAGS(TOPs) &= ~(SVp_NOK|SVp_POK);
1093 else sv_dec_nomg(TOPs);
1095 /* special case for undef: see thread at 2003-03/msg00536.html in archive */
1096 if (inc && !SvOK(TARG))
1102 /* Ordinary operators. */
1106 dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1107 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1110 tryAMAGICbin_MG(pow_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1113 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1114 /* For integer to integer power, we do the calculation by hand wherever
1115 we're sure it is safe; otherwise we call pow() and try to convert to
1116 integer afterwards. */
1117 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr) && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1125 const IV iv = SvIVX(svr);
1129 goto float_it; /* Can't do negative powers this way. */
1133 baseuok = SvUOK(svl);
1135 baseuv = SvUVX(svl);
1137 const IV iv = SvIVX(svl);
1140 baseuok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1142 baseuv = -iv; /* abs, baseuok == false records sign */
1145 /* now we have integer ** positive integer. */
1148 /* foo & (foo - 1) is zero only for a power of 2. */
1149 if (!(baseuv & (baseuv - 1))) {
1150 /* We are raising power-of-2 to a positive integer.
1151 The logic here will work for any base (even non-integer
1152 bases) but it can be less accurate than
1153 pow (base,power) or exp (power * log (base)) when the
1154 intermediate values start to spill out of the mantissa.
1155 With powers of 2 we know this can't happen.
1156 And powers of 2 are the favourite thing for perl
1157 programmers to notice ** not doing what they mean. */
1159 NV base = baseuok ? baseuv : -(NV)baseuv;
1164 while (power >>= 1) {
1172 SvIV_please_nomg(svr);
1175 unsigned int highbit = 8 * sizeof(UV);
1176 unsigned int diff = 8 * sizeof(UV);
1177 while (diff >>= 1) {
1179 if (baseuv >> highbit) {
1183 /* we now have baseuv < 2 ** highbit */
1184 if (power * highbit <= 8 * sizeof(UV)) {
1185 /* result will definitely fit in UV, so use UV math
1186 on same algorithm as above */
1189 const bool odd_power = cBOOL(power & 1);
1193 while (power >>= 1) {
1200 if (baseuok || !odd_power)
1201 /* answer is positive */
1203 else if (result <= (UV)IV_MAX)
1204 /* answer negative, fits in IV */
1205 SETi( -(IV)result );
1206 else if (result == (UV)IV_MIN)
1207 /* 2's complement assumption: special case IV_MIN */
1210 /* answer negative, doesn't fit */
1211 SETn( -(NV)result );
1219 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1220 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1223 #if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(HAS_AIX_POWL_NEG_BASE_BUG)
1225 We are building perl with long double support and are on an AIX OS
1226 afflicted with a powl() function that wrongly returns NaNQ for any
1227 negative base. This was reported to IBM as PMR #23047-379 on
1228 03/06/2006. The problem exists in at least the following versions
1229 of AIX and the libm fileset, and no doubt others as well:
1231 AIX 4.3.3-ML10 bos.adt.libm 4.3.3.50
1232 AIX 5.1.0-ML04 bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.29
1233 AIX 5.2.0 bos.adt.libm 5.2.0.85
1235 So, until IBM fixes powl(), we provide the following workaround to
1236 handle the problem ourselves. Our logic is as follows: for
1237 negative bases (left), we use fmod(right, 2) to check if the
1238 exponent is an odd or even integer:
1240 - if odd, powl(left, right) == -powl(-left, right)
1241 - if even, powl(left, right) == powl(-left, right)
1243 If the exponent is not an integer, the result is rightly NaNQ, so
1244 we just return that (as NV_NAN).
1248 NV mod2 = Perl_fmod( right, 2.0 );
1249 if (mod2 == 1.0 || mod2 == -1.0) { /* odd integer */
1250 SETn( -Perl_pow( -left, right) );
1251 } else if (mod2 == 0.0) { /* even integer */
1252 SETn( Perl_pow( -left, right) );
1253 } else { /* fractional power */
1257 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
1260 SETn( Perl_pow( left, right) );
1261 #endif /* HAS_AIX_POWL_NEG_BASE_BUG */
1263 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1265 SvIV_please_nomg(svr);
1273 dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1274 tryAMAGICbin_MG(mult_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1277 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1278 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1279 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1280 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1281 we know the left is integer. */
1282 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1283 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1284 bool auvok = SvUOK(svl);
1285 bool buvok = SvUOK(svr);
1286 const UV topmask = (~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV));
1287 const UV botmask = ~((~ (UV)0) << (4 * sizeof (UV)));
1296 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1299 auvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1301 alow = -aiv; /* abs, auvok == false records sign */
1307 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1310 buvok = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1312 blow = -biv; /* abs, buvok == false records sign */
1316 /* If this does sign extension on unsigned it's time for plan B */
1317 ahigh = alow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1319 bhigh = blow >> (4 * sizeof (UV));
1321 if (ahigh && bhigh) {
1323 /* eg 32 bit is at least 0x10000 * 0x10000 == 0x100000000
1324 which is overflow. Drop to NVs below. */
1325 } else if (!ahigh && !bhigh) {
1326 /* eg 32 bit is at most 0xFFFF * 0xFFFF == 0xFFFE0001
1327 so the unsigned multiply cannot overflow. */
1328 const UV product = alow * blow;
1329 if (auvok == buvok) {
1330 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1334 } else if (product <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1335 /* 2s complement assumption that (UV)-IV_MIN is correct. */
1336 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1338 SETi( -(IV)product );
1340 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1342 /* One operand is large, 1 small */
1345 /* swap the operands */
1347 bhigh = blow; /* bhigh now the temp var for the swap */
1351 /* now, ((ahigh * blow) << half_UV_len) + (alow * blow)
1352 multiplies can't overflow. shift can, add can, -ve can. */
1353 product_middle = ahigh * blow;
1354 if (!(product_middle & topmask)) {
1355 /* OK, (ahigh * blow) won't lose bits when we shift it. */
1357 product_middle <<= (4 * sizeof (UV));
1358 product_low = alow * blow;
1360 /* as for pp_add, UV + something mustn't get smaller.
1361 IIRC ANSI mandates this wrapping *behaviour* for
1362 unsigned whatever the actual representation*/
1363 product_low += product_middle;
1364 if (product_low >= product_middle) {
1365 /* didn't overflow */
1366 if (auvok == buvok) {
1367 /* -ve * -ve or +ve * +ve gives a +ve result. */
1369 SETu( product_low );
1371 } else if (product_low <= (UV)IV_MIN) {
1372 /* 2s complement assumption again */
1373 /* -ve result, which could overflow an IV */
1375 SETi( -(IV)product_low );
1377 } /* else drop to NVs below. */
1379 } /* product_middle too large */
1380 } /* ahigh && bhigh */
1385 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1386 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1388 SETn( left * right );
1395 dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1396 tryAMAGICbin_MG(div_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1399 /* Only try to do UV divide first
1400 if ((SLOPPYDIVIDE is true) or
1401 (PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV is true and one or both SV is a UV too large
1403 The assumption is that it is better to use floating point divide
1404 whenever possible, only doing integer divide first if we can't be sure.
1405 If NV_PRESERVES_UV is true then we know at compile time that no UV
1406 can be too large to preserve, so don't need to compile the code to
1407 test the size of UVs. */
1410 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1411 /* ensure that 20./5. == 4. */
1413 # ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1414 # ifndef NV_PRESERVES_UV
1415 # define PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1420 #ifdef PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE
1421 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr) && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1422 bool left_non_neg = SvUOK(svl);
1423 bool right_non_neg = SvUOK(svr);
1427 if (right_non_neg) {
1431 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1434 right_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1440 /* historically undef()/0 gives a "Use of uninitialized value"
1441 warning before dieing, hence this test goes here.
1442 If it were immediately before the second SvIV_please, then
1443 DIE() would be invoked before left was even inspected, so
1444 no inspection would give no warning. */
1446 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1452 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1455 left_non_neg = TRUE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1464 /* For sloppy divide we always attempt integer division. */
1466 /* Otherwise we only attempt it if either or both operands
1467 would not be preserved by an NV. If both fit in NVs
1468 we fall through to the NV divide code below. However,
1469 as left >= right to ensure integer result here, we know that
1470 we can skip the test on the right operand - right big
1471 enough not to be preserved can't get here unless left is
1474 && (left > ((UV)1 << NV_PRESERVES_UV_BITS))
1477 /* Integer division can't overflow, but it can be imprecise. */
1478 const UV result = left / right;
1479 if (result * right == left) {
1480 SP--; /* result is valid */
1481 if (left_non_neg == right_non_neg) {
1482 /* signs identical, result is positive. */
1486 /* 2s complement assumption */
1487 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1488 SETi( -(IV)result );
1490 /* It's exact but too negative for IV. */
1491 SETn( -(NV)result );
1494 } /* tried integer divide but it was not an integer result */
1495 } /* else (PERL_ABS(result) < 1.0) or (both UVs in range for NV) */
1496 } /* one operand wasn't SvIOK */
1497 #endif /* PERL_TRY_UV_DIVIDE */
1499 NV right = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1500 NV left = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1501 (void)POPs;(void)POPs;
1502 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
1503 if (! Perl_isnan(right) && right == 0.0)
1507 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
1508 PUSHn( left / right );
1516 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1520 bool left_neg = FALSE;
1521 bool right_neg = FALSE;
1522 bool use_double = FALSE;
1523 bool dright_valid = FALSE;
1526 SV * const svr = TOPs;
1527 SV * const svl = TOPm1s;
1528 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1529 right_neg = !SvUOK(svr);
1533 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1536 right_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1543 dright = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1544 right_neg = dright < 0;
1547 if (dright < UV_MAX_P1) {
1548 right = U_V(dright);
1549 dright_valid = TRUE; /* In case we need to use double below. */
1555 /* At this point use_double is only true if right is out of range for
1556 a UV. In range NV has been rounded down to nearest UV and
1557 use_double false. */
1558 if (!use_double && SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1559 left_neg = !SvUOK(svl);
1563 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1566 left_neg = FALSE; /* effectively it's a UV now */
1573 dleft = SvNV_nomg(svl);
1574 left_neg = dleft < 0;
1578 /* This should be exactly the 5.6 behaviour - if left and right are
1579 both in range for UV then use U_V() rather than floor. */
1581 if (dleft < UV_MAX_P1) {
1582 /* right was in range, so is dleft, so use UVs not double.
1586 /* left is out of range for UV, right was in range, so promote
1587 right (back) to double. */
1589 /* The +0.5 is used in 5.6 even though it is not strictly
1590 consistent with the implicit +0 floor in the U_V()
1591 inside the #if 1. */
1592 dleft = Perl_floor(dleft + 0.5);
1595 dright = Perl_floor(dright + 0.5);
1606 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1608 dans = Perl_fmod(dleft, dright);
1609 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && dans)
1610 dans = dright - dans;
1613 sv_setnv(TARG, dans);
1619 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
1622 if ((left_neg != right_neg) && ans)
1625 /* XXX may warn: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type */
1626 /* could change -foo to be (~foo)+1 instead */
1627 if (ans <= ~((UV)IV_MAX)+1)
1628 sv_setiv(TARG, ~ans+1);
1630 sv_setnv(TARG, -(NV)ans);
1633 sv_setuv(TARG, ans);
1646 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1647 /* TODO: think of some way of doing list-repeat overloading ??? */
1652 tryAMAGICbin_MG(repeat_amg, AMGf_assign);
1658 const UV uv = SvUV_nomg(sv);
1660 count = IV_MAX; /* The best we can do? */
1664 count = SvIV_nomg(sv);
1667 else if (SvNOKp(sv)) {
1668 const NV nv = SvNV_nomg(sv);
1670 count = -1; /* An arbitrary negative integer */
1675 count = SvIV_nomg(sv);
1679 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NUMERIC),
1680 "Negative repeat count does nothing");
1683 if (GIMME == G_ARRAY && PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1685 static const char* const oom_list_extend = "Out of memory during list extend";
1686 const I32 items = SP - MARK;
1687 const I32 max = items * count;
1688 const U8 mod = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
1690 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, SV*, oom_list_extend);
1691 /* Did the max computation overflow? */
1692 if (items > 0 && max > 0 && (max < items || max < count))
1693 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", oom_list_extend);
1698 /* This code was intended to fix 20010809.028:
1701 for (($x =~ /./g) x 2) {
1702 print chop; # "abcdabcd" expected as output.
1705 * but that change (#11635) broke this code:
1707 $x = [("foo")x2]; # only one "foo" ended up in the anonlist.
1709 * I can't think of a better fix that doesn't introduce
1710 * an efficiency hit by copying the SVs. The stack isn't
1711 * refcounted, and mortalisation obviously doesn't
1712 * Do The Right Thing when the stack has more than
1713 * one pointer to the same mortal value.
1717 *SP = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(*SP));
1722 if (mod && SvPADTMP(*SP)) {
1723 *SP = sv_mortalcopy(*SP);
1731 repeatcpy((char*)(MARK + items), (char*)MARK,
1732 items * sizeof(const SV *), count - 1);
1735 else if (count <= 0)
1738 else { /* Note: mark already snarfed by pp_list */
1739 SV * const tmpstr = POPs;
1742 static const char* const oom_string_extend =
1743 "Out of memory during string extend";
1746 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, tmpstr);
1747 SvPV_force_nomg(TARG, len);
1748 isutf = DO_UTF8(TARG);
1753 const STRLEN max = (UV)count * len;
1754 if (len > MEM_SIZE_MAX / count)
1755 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", oom_string_extend);
1756 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(max, char, oom_string_extend);
1757 SvGROW(TARG, max + 1);
1758 repeatcpy(SvPVX(TARG) + len, SvPVX(TARG), len, count - 1);
1759 SvCUR_set(TARG, SvCUR(TARG) * count);
1761 *SvEND(TARG) = '\0';
1764 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
1766 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
1768 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) {
1769 /* The parser saw this as a list repeat, and there
1770 are probably several items on the stack. But we're
1771 in scalar context, and there's no pp_list to save us
1772 now. So drop the rest of the items -- robin@kitsite.com
1784 dSP; dATARGET; bool useleft; SV *svl, *svr;
1785 tryAMAGICbin_MG(subtr_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1788 useleft = USE_LEFT(svl);
1789 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
1790 /* See comments in pp_add (in pp_hot.c) about Overflow, and how
1791 "bad things" happen if you rely on signed integers wrapping. */
1792 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svr)) {
1793 /* Unless the left argument is integer in range we are going to have to
1794 use NV maths. Hence only attempt to coerce the right argument if
1795 we know the left is integer. */
1802 a_valid = auvok = 1;
1803 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero. */
1805 /* Left operand is defined, so is it IV? */
1806 if (SvIV_please_nomg(svl)) {
1807 if ((auvok = SvUOK(svl)))
1810 const IV aiv = SvIVX(svl);
1813 auvok = 1; /* Now acting as a sign flag. */
1814 } else { /* 2s complement assumption for IV_MIN */
1822 bool result_good = 0;
1825 bool buvok = SvUOK(svr);
1830 const IV biv = SvIVX(svr);
1837 /* ?uvok if value is >= 0. basically, flagged as UV if it's +ve,
1838 else "IV" now, independent of how it came in.
1839 if a, b represents positive, A, B negative, a maps to -A etc
1844 all UV maths. negate result if A negative.
1845 subtract if signs same, add if signs differ. */
1847 if (auvok ^ buvok) {
1856 /* Must get smaller */
1861 if (result <= buv) {
1862 /* result really should be -(auv-buv). as its negation
1863 of true value, need to swap our result flag */
1875 if (result <= (UV)IV_MIN)
1876 SETi( -(IV)result );
1878 /* result valid, but out of range for IV. */
1879 SETn( -(NV)result );
1883 } /* Overflow, drop through to NVs. */
1888 NV value = SvNV_nomg(svr);
1892 /* left operand is undef, treat as zero - value */
1896 SETn( SvNV_nomg(svl) - value );
1903 dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1904 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lshift_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1908 const IV shift = SvIV_nomg(svr);
1909 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1910 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(svl);
1914 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(svl);
1923 dSP; dATARGET; SV *svl, *svr;
1924 tryAMAGICbin_MG(rshift_amg, AMGf_assign|AMGf_numeric);
1928 const IV shift = SvIV_nomg(svr);
1929 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
1930 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(svl);
1934 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(svl);
1946 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lt_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1950 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1951 ? (SvIVX(left) < SvIVX(right))
1952 : (do_ncmp(left, right) == -1)
1962 tryAMAGICbin_MG(gt_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1966 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1967 ? (SvIVX(left) > SvIVX(right))
1968 : (do_ncmp(left, right) == 1)
1978 tryAMAGICbin_MG(le_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1982 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1983 ? (SvIVX(left) <= SvIVX(right))
1984 : (do_ncmp(left, right) <= 0)
1994 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ge_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
1998 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
1999 ? (SvIVX(left) >= SvIVX(right))
2000 : ( (do_ncmp(left, right) & 2) == 0)
2010 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ne_amg, AMGf_set|AMGf_numeric);
2014 (SvIOK_notUV(left) && SvIOK_notUV(right))
2015 ? (SvIVX(left) != SvIVX(right))
2016 : (do_ncmp(left, right) != 0)
2021 /* compare left and right SVs. Returns:
2025 * 2: left or right was a NaN
2028 Perl_do_ncmp(pTHX_ SV* const left, SV * const right)
2030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_NCMP;
2031 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2032 /* Fortunately it seems NaN isn't IOK */
2033 if (SvIV_please_nomg(right) && SvIV_please_nomg(left)) {
2035 const IV leftiv = SvIVX(left);
2036 if (!SvUOK(right)) {
2037 /* ## IV <=> IV ## */
2038 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(right);
2039 return (leftiv > rightiv) - (leftiv < rightiv);
2041 /* ## IV <=> UV ## */
2043 /* As (b) is a UV, it's >=0, so it must be < */
2046 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(right);
2047 return ((UV)leftiv > rightuv) - ((UV)leftiv < rightuv);
2052 /* ## UV <=> UV ## */
2053 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(left);
2054 const UV rightuv = SvUVX(right);
2055 return (leftuv > rightuv) - (leftuv < rightuv);
2057 /* ## UV <=> IV ## */
2059 const IV rightiv = SvIVX(right);
2061 /* As (a) is a UV, it's >=0, so it cannot be < */
2064 const UV leftuv = SvUVX(left);
2065 return (leftuv > (UV)rightiv) - (leftuv < (UV)rightiv);
2068 assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
2072 NV const rnv = SvNV_nomg(right);
2073 NV const lnv = SvNV_nomg(left);
2075 #if defined(NAN_COMPARE_BROKEN) && defined(Perl_isnan)
2076 if (Perl_isnan(lnv) || Perl_isnan(rnv)) {
2079 return (lnv > rnv) - (lnv < rnv);
2098 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ncmp_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2101 value = do_ncmp(left, right);
2113 /* also used for: pp_sge() pp_sgt() pp_slt() */
2119 int amg_type = sle_amg;
2123 switch (PL_op->op_type) {
2142 tryAMAGICbin_MG(amg_type, AMGf_set);
2146 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2147 (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_COLLATE))
2148 ? sv_cmp_locale_flags(left, right, 0)
2151 sv_cmp_flags(left, right, 0);
2152 SETs(boolSV(cmp * multiplier < rhs));
2160 tryAMAGICbin_MG(seq_amg, AMGf_set);
2163 SETs(boolSV(sv_eq_flags(left, right, 0)));
2171 tryAMAGICbin_MG(sne_amg, AMGf_set);
2174 SETs(boolSV(!sv_eq_flags(left, right, 0)));
2182 tryAMAGICbin_MG(scmp_amg, 0);
2186 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
2187 (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_COLLATE))
2188 ? sv_cmp_locale_flags(left, right, 0)
2191 sv_cmp_flags(left, right, 0);
2200 tryAMAGICbin_MG(band_amg, AMGf_assign);
2203 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2204 const bool left_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(left) && SvREADONLY(left);
2205 const bool right_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(right) && SvREADONLY(right);
2206 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2207 const IV i = SvIV_nomg(left) & SvIV_nomg(right);
2211 const UV u = SvUV_nomg(left) & SvUV_nomg(right);
2214 if (left_ro_nonnum && left != TARG) SvNIOK_off(left);
2215 if (right_ro_nonnum) SvNIOK_off(right);
2218 do_vop(PL_op->op_type, TARG, left, right);
2226 /* also used for: pp_bit_xor() */
2231 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2233 tryAMAGICbin_MG((op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? bor_amg : bxor_amg), AMGf_assign);
2236 if (SvNIOKp(left) || SvNIOKp(right)) {
2237 const bool left_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(left) && SvREADONLY(left);
2238 const bool right_ro_nonnum = !SvNIOKp(right) && SvREADONLY(right);
2239 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2240 const IV l = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvIV_nomg(left) : 0);
2241 const IV r = SvIV_nomg(right);
2242 const IV result = op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? (l | r) : (l ^ r);
2246 const UV l = (USE_LEFT(left) ? SvUV_nomg(left) : 0);
2247 const UV r = SvUV_nomg(right);
2248 const UV result = op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? (l | r) : (l ^ r);
2251 if (left_ro_nonnum && left != TARG) SvNIOK_off(left);
2252 if (right_ro_nonnum) SvNIOK_off(right);
2255 do_vop(op_type, TARG, left, right);
2262 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
2263 S_negate_string(pTHX)
2268 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2269 if (!SvPOKp(sv) || SvNIOK(sv) || (!SvPOK(sv) && SvNIOKp(sv)))
2271 s = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, len);
2272 if (isIDFIRST(*s)) {
2273 sv_setpvs(TARG, "-");
2276 else if (*s == '+' || (*s == '-' && !looks_like_number(sv))) {
2277 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2278 *SvPV_force_nomg(TARG, len) = *s == '-' ? '+' : '-';
2288 tryAMAGICun_MG(neg_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2289 if (S_negate_string(aTHX)) return NORMAL;
2291 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2294 /* It's publicly an integer */
2297 if (SvIVX(sv) == IV_MIN) {
2298 /* 2s complement assumption. */
2299 SETi(SvIVX(sv)); /* special case: -((UV)IV_MAX+1) ==
2303 else if (SvUVX(sv) <= IV_MAX) {
2308 else if (SvIVX(sv) != IV_MIN) {
2312 #ifdef PERL_PRESERVE_IVUV
2319 if (SvNIOKp(sv) && (SvNIOK(sv) || !SvPOK(sv)))
2320 SETn(-SvNV_nomg(sv));
2321 else if (SvPOKp(sv) && SvIV_please_nomg(sv))
2322 goto oops_its_an_int;
2324 SETn(-SvNV_nomg(sv));
2332 tryAMAGICun_MG(not_amg, AMGf_set);
2333 *PL_stack_sp = boolSV(!SvTRUE_nomg(*PL_stack_sp));
2340 tryAMAGICun_MG(compl_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2344 if (PL_op->op_private & HINT_INTEGER) {
2345 const IV i = ~SvIV_nomg(sv);
2349 const UV u = ~SvUV_nomg(sv);
2358 sv_copypv_nomg(TARG, sv);
2359 tmps = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(TARG, len);
2362 /* Calculate exact length, let's not estimate. */
2367 U8 * const send = tmps + len;
2368 U8 * const origtmps = tmps;
2369 const UV utf8flags = UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV;
2371 while (tmps < send) {
2372 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2374 targlen += UNISKIP(~c);
2380 /* Now rewind strings and write them. */
2387 Newx(result, targlen + 1, U8);
2389 while (tmps < send) {
2390 const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2392 p = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(p, ~c, UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2395 sv_usepvn_flags(TARG, (char*)result, targlen,
2396 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
2403 Newx(result, nchar + 1, U8);
2405 while (tmps < send) {
2406 const U8 c = (U8)utf8n_to_uvchr(tmps, send-tmps, &l, utf8flags);
2411 sv_usepvn_flags(TARG, (char*)result, nchar, SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
2420 for ( ; anum && (unsigned long)tmps % sizeof(long); anum--, tmps++)
2423 for ( ; anum >= (I32)sizeof(long); anum -= (I32)sizeof(long), tmpl++)
2428 for ( ; anum > 0; anum--, tmps++)
2436 /* integer versions of some of the above */
2441 tryAMAGICbin_MG(mult_amg, AMGf_assign);
2444 SETi( left * right );
2453 tryAMAGICbin_MG(div_amg, AMGf_assign);
2456 IV value = SvIV_nomg(right);
2458 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal division by zero");
2459 num = SvIV_nomg(left);
2461 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when num is IV_MIN */
2465 value = num / value;
2471 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8 && !defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS)
2478 /* This is the vanilla old i_modulo. */
2480 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2484 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2485 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2489 SETi( left % right );
2494 #if defined(__GLIBC__) && IVSIZE == 8 && !defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS)
2499 /* This is the i_modulo with the workaround for the _moddi3 bug
2500 * in (at least) glibc 2.2.5 (the PERL_ABS() the workaround).
2501 * See below for pp_i_modulo. */
2503 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2507 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2508 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2512 SETi( left % PERL_ABS(right) );
2519 dVAR; dSP; dATARGET;
2520 tryAMAGICbin_MG(modulo_amg, AMGf_assign);
2524 DIE(aTHX_ "Illegal modulus zero");
2525 /* The assumption is to use hereafter the old vanilla version... */
2527 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2529 /* .. but if we have glibc, we might have a buggy _moddi3
2530 * (at least glicb 2.2.5 is known to have this bug), in other
2531 * words our integer modulus with negative quad as the second
2532 * argument might be broken. Test for this and re-patch the
2533 * opcode dispatch table if that is the case, remembering to
2534 * also apply the workaround so that this first round works
2535 * right, too. See [perl #9402] for more information. */
2539 /* Cannot do this check with inlined IV constants since
2540 * that seems to work correctly even with the buggy glibc. */
2542 /* Yikes, we have the bug.
2543 * Patch in the workaround version. */
2545 PL_ppaddr[OP_I_MODULO] =
2546 &Perl_pp_i_modulo_1;
2547 /* Make certain we work right this time, too. */
2548 right = PERL_ABS(right);
2551 /* avoid FPE_INTOVF on some platforms when left is IV_MIN */
2555 SETi( left % right );
2564 tryAMAGICbin_MG(add_amg, AMGf_assign);
2566 dPOPTOPiirl_ul_nomg;
2567 SETi( left + right );
2575 tryAMAGICbin_MG(subtr_amg, AMGf_assign);
2577 dPOPTOPiirl_ul_nomg;
2578 SETi( left - right );
2586 tryAMAGICbin_MG(lt_amg, AMGf_set);
2589 SETs(boolSV(left < right));
2597 tryAMAGICbin_MG(gt_amg, AMGf_set);
2600 SETs(boolSV(left > right));
2608 tryAMAGICbin_MG(le_amg, AMGf_set);
2611 SETs(boolSV(left <= right));
2619 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ge_amg, AMGf_set);
2622 SETs(boolSV(left >= right));
2630 tryAMAGICbin_MG(eq_amg, AMGf_set);
2633 SETs(boolSV(left == right));
2641 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ne_amg, AMGf_set);
2644 SETs(boolSV(left != right));
2652 tryAMAGICbin_MG(ncmp_amg, 0);
2659 else if (left < right)
2671 tryAMAGICun_MG(neg_amg, 0);
2672 if (S_negate_string(aTHX)) return NORMAL;
2674 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2675 IV const i = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2681 /* High falutin' math. */
2686 tryAMAGICbin_MG(atan2_amg, 0);
2689 SETn(Perl_atan2(left, right));
2695 /* also used for: pp_cos() pp_exp() pp_log() pp_sqrt() */
2700 int amg_type = fallback_amg;
2701 const char *neg_report = NULL;
2702 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
2705 case OP_SIN: amg_type = sin_amg; break;
2706 case OP_COS: amg_type = cos_amg; break;
2707 case OP_EXP: amg_type = exp_amg; break;
2708 case OP_LOG: amg_type = log_amg; neg_report = "log"; break;
2709 case OP_SQRT: amg_type = sqrt_amg; neg_report = "sqrt"; break;
2712 assert(amg_type != fallback_amg);
2714 tryAMAGICun_MG(amg_type, 0);
2716 SV * const arg = POPs;
2717 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(arg);
2719 if (neg_report) { /* log or sqrt */
2720 if (op_type == OP_LOG ? (value <= 0.0) : (value < 0.0)) {
2721 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
2722 /* diag_listed_as: Can't take log of %g */
2723 DIE(aTHX_ "Can't take %s of %"NVgf, neg_report, value);
2728 case OP_SIN: result = Perl_sin(value); break;
2729 case OP_COS: result = Perl_cos(value); break;
2730 case OP_EXP: result = Perl_exp(value); break;
2731 case OP_LOG: result = Perl_log(value); break;
2732 case OP_SQRT: result = Perl_sqrt(value); break;
2739 /* Support Configure command-line overrides for rand() functions.
2740 After 5.005, perhaps we should replace this by Configure support
2741 for drand48(), random(), or rand(). For 5.005, though, maintain
2742 compatibility by calling rand() but allow the user to override it.
2743 See INSTALL for details. --Andy Dougherty 15 July 1998
2745 /* Now it's after 5.005, and Configure supports drand48() and random(),
2746 in addition to rand(). So the overrides should not be needed any more.
2747 --Jarkko Hietaniemi 27 September 1998
2752 if (!PL_srand_called) {
2753 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
2754 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2764 SV * const sv = POPs;
2770 /* 1 of 2 things can be carried through SvNV, SP or TARG, SP was carried */
2778 sv_setnv_mg(TARG, value);
2789 if (MAXARG >= 1 && (TOPs || POPs)) {
2796 pv = SvPV(top, len);
2797 flags = grok_number(pv, len, &anum);
2799 if (!(flags & IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)) {
2800 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_OVERFLOW),
2801 "Integer overflow in srand");
2809 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)anum);
2810 PL_srand_called = TRUE;
2814 /* Historically srand always returned true. We can avoid breaking
2816 sv_setpvs(TARG, "0 but true");
2825 tryAMAGICun_MG(int_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2827 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2828 const IV iv = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2829 /* XXX it's arguable that compiler casting to IV might be subtly
2830 different from modf (for numbers inside (IV_MIN,UV_MAX)) in which
2831 else preferring IV has introduced a subtle behaviour change bug. OTOH
2832 relying on floating point to be accurate is a bug. */
2837 else if (SvIOK(sv)) {
2839 SETu(SvUV_nomg(sv));
2844 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(sv);
2845 if (SvNOK(sv) && UNLIKELY(Perl_isinfnan(SvNV(sv))))
2847 else if (value >= 0.0) {
2848 if (value < (NV)UV_MAX + 0.5) {
2851 SETn(Perl_floor(value));
2855 if (value > (NV)IV_MIN - 0.5) {
2858 SETn(Perl_ceil(value));
2869 tryAMAGICun_MG(abs_amg, AMGf_numeric);
2871 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2872 /* This will cache the NV value if string isn't actually integer */
2873 const IV iv = SvIV_nomg(sv);
2878 else if (SvIOK(sv)) {
2879 /* IVX is precise */
2881 SETu(SvUV_nomg(sv)); /* force it to be numeric only */
2889 /* 2s complement assumption. Also, not really needed as
2890 IV_MIN and -IV_MIN should both be %100...00 and NV-able */
2896 const NV value = SvNV_nomg(sv);
2907 /* also used for: pp_hex() */
2913 I32 flags = PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES;
2917 SV* const sv = POPs;
2919 tmps = (SvPV_const(sv, len));
2921 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade
2922 * If not possible, croak. */
2923 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
2926 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
2927 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
2929 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_HEX)
2932 while (*tmps && len && isSPACE(*tmps))
2936 if (isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*tmps, 'x')) {
2938 result_uv = grok_hex (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2940 else if (isALPHA_FOLD_EQ(*tmps, 'b'))
2941 result_uv = grok_bin (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2943 result_uv = grok_oct (tmps, &len, &flags, &result_nv);
2945 if (flags & PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX) {
2959 SV * const sv = TOPs;
2961 U32 in_bytes = IN_BYTES;
2962 /* simplest case shortcut */
2963 /* turn off SVf_UTF8 in tmp flags if HINT_BYTES on*/
2964 U32 svflags = (SvFLAGS(sv) ^ (in_bytes << 26)) & (SVf_POK|SVs_GMG|SVf_UTF8);
2965 assert(HINT_BYTES == 0x00000008 && SVf_UTF8 == 0x20000000 && (SVf_UTF8 == HINT_BYTES << 26));
2968 if(LIKELY(svflags == SVf_POK))
2970 if(svflags & SVs_GMG)
2973 if (!IN_BYTES) /* reread to avoid using an C auto/register */
2974 sv_setiv(TARG, (IV)sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv));
2978 /* unrolled SvPV_nomg_const(sv,len) */
2983 (void)sv_2pv_flags(sv, &len, 0|SV_CONST_RETURN);
2985 sv_setiv(TARG, (IV)(len));
2988 if (!SvPADTMP(TARG)) {
2989 sv_setsv_nomg(TARG, &PL_sv_undef);
2990 } else { /* TARG is on stack at this point and is overwriten by SETs.
2991 This branch is the odd one out, so put TARG by default on
2992 stack earlier to let local SP go out of liveness sooner */
2999 return NORMAL; /* no putback, SP didn't move in this opcode */
3002 /* Returns false if substring is completely outside original string.
3003 No length is indicated by len_iv = 0 and len_is_uv = 0. len_is_uv must
3004 always be true for an explicit 0.
3007 Perl_translate_substr_offsets( STRLEN curlen, IV pos1_iv,
3008 bool pos1_is_uv, IV len_iv,
3009 bool len_is_uv, STRLEN *posp,
3015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TRANSLATE_SUBSTR_OFFSETS;
3017 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0 && curlen) {
3018 pos1_is_uv = curlen-1 > ~(UV)pos1_iv;
3021 if ((pos1_is_uv || pos1_iv > 0) && (UV)pos1_iv > curlen)
3024 if (len_iv || len_is_uv) {
3025 if (!len_is_uv && len_iv < 0) {
3026 pos2_iv = curlen + len_iv;
3028 pos2_is_uv = curlen-1 > ~(UV)len_iv;
3031 } else { /* len_iv >= 0 */
3032 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0) {
3033 pos2_iv = pos1_iv + len_iv;
3034 pos2_is_uv = (UV)len_iv > (UV)IV_MAX;
3036 if ((UV)len_iv > curlen-(UV)pos1_iv)
3039 pos2_iv = pos1_iv+len_iv;
3049 if (!pos2_is_uv && pos2_iv < 0) {
3050 if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0)
3054 else if (!pos1_is_uv && pos1_iv < 0)
3057 if ((UV)pos2_iv < (UV)pos1_iv)
3059 if ((UV)pos2_iv > curlen)
3062 /* pos1_iv and pos2_iv both in 0..curlen, so the cast is safe */
3063 *posp = (STRLEN)( (UV)pos1_iv );
3064 *lenp = (STRLEN)( (UV)pos2_iv - (UV)pos1_iv );
3081 I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3082 const bool rvalue = (GIMME_V != G_VOID);
3085 const char *repl = NULL;
3087 int num_args = PL_op->op_private & 7;
3088 bool repl_need_utf8_upgrade = FALSE;
3092 if(!(repl_sv = POPs)) num_args--;
3094 if ((len_sv = POPs)) {
3095 len_iv = SvIV(len_sv);
3096 len_is_uv = len_iv ? SvIOK_UV(len_sv) : 1;
3101 pos1_iv = SvIV(pos_sv);
3102 pos1_is_uv = SvIOK_UV(pos_sv);
3104 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST) {
3109 if (lvalue && !repl_sv) {
3111 ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV)); /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
3112 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_substr, NULL, 0);
3114 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
3116 pos1_is_uv || pos1_iv >= 0
3117 ? (STRLEN)(UV)pos1_iv
3118 : (LvFLAGS(ret) |= 1, (STRLEN)(UV)-pos1_iv);
3120 len_is_uv || len_iv > 0
3121 ? (STRLEN)(UV)len_iv
3122 : (LvFLAGS(ret) |= 2, (STRLEN)(UV)-len_iv);
3125 PUSHs(ret); /* avoid SvSETMAGIC here */
3129 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv, repl_len);
3132 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR),
3133 "Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr"
3135 tmps = SvPV_force_nomg(sv, curlen);
3136 if (DO_UTF8(repl_sv) && repl_len) {
3138 sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(sv);
3142 else if (DO_UTF8(sv))
3143 repl_need_utf8_upgrade = TRUE;
3145 else tmps = SvPV_const(sv, curlen);
3147 utf8_curlen = sv_or_pv_len_utf8(sv, tmps, curlen);
3148 if (utf8_curlen == curlen)
3151 curlen = utf8_curlen;
3157 STRLEN pos, len, byte_len, byte_pos;
3159 if (!translate_substr_offsets(
3160 curlen, pos1_iv, pos1_is_uv, len_iv, len_is_uv, &pos, &len
3164 byte_pos = utf8_curlen
3165 ? sv_or_pv_pos_u2b(sv, tmps, pos, &byte_len) : pos;
3170 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3171 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3172 sv_setpvn(TARG, tmps, byte_len);
3173 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
3174 sv_unmagic(TARG, PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm);
3181 SV* repl_sv_copy = NULL;
3183 if (repl_need_utf8_upgrade) {
3184 repl_sv_copy = newSVsv(repl_sv);
3185 sv_utf8_upgrade(repl_sv_copy);
3186 repl = SvPV_const(repl_sv_copy, repl_len);
3190 sv_insert_flags(sv, byte_pos, byte_len, repl, repl_len, 0);
3191 SvREFCNT_dec(repl_sv_copy);
3203 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "substr outside of string");
3204 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SUBSTR), "substr outside of string");
3211 const IV size = POPi;
3212 const IV offset = POPi;
3213 SV * const src = POPs;
3214 const I32 lvalue = PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET;
3217 if (lvalue) { /* it's an lvalue! */
3218 ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV)); /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
3219 sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_vec, NULL, 0);
3221 LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(src);
3222 LvTARGOFF(ret) = offset;
3223 LvTARGLEN(ret) = size;
3227 SvTAINTED_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
3231 sv_setuv(ret, do_vecget(src, offset, size));
3237 /* also used for: pp_rindex() */
3250 const char *little_p;
3253 const bool is_index = PL_op->op_type == OP_INDEX;
3254 const bool threeargs = MAXARG >= 3 && (TOPs || ((void)POPs,0));
3260 big_p = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3261 little_p = SvPV_const(little, llen);
3263 big_utf8 = DO_UTF8(big);
3264 little_utf8 = DO_UTF8(little);
3265 if (big_utf8 ^ little_utf8) {
3266 /* One needs to be upgraded. */
3267 if (little_utf8 && !PL_encoding) {
3268 /* Well, maybe instead we might be able to downgrade the small
3270 char * const pv = (char*)bytes_from_utf8((U8 *)little_p, &llen,
3273 /* If the large string is ISO-8859-1, and it's not possible to
3274 convert the small string to ISO-8859-1, then there is no
3275 way that it could be found anywhere by index. */
3280 /* At this point, pv is a malloc()ed string. So donate it to temp
3281 to ensure it will get free()d */
3282 little = temp = newSV(0);
3283 sv_usepvn(temp, pv, llen);
3284 little_p = SvPVX(little);
3287 ? newSVpvn(big_p, biglen) : newSVpvn(little_p, llen);
3290 sv_recode_to_utf8(temp, PL_encoding);
3292 sv_utf8_upgrade(temp);
3297 big_p = SvPV_const(big, biglen);
3300 little_p = SvPV_const(little, llen);
3304 if (SvGAMAGIC(big)) {
3305 /* Life just becomes a lot easier if I use a temporary here.
3306 Otherwise I need to avoid calls to sv_pos_u2b(), which (dangerously)
3307 will trigger magic and overloading again, as will fbm_instr()
3309 big = newSVpvn_flags(big_p, biglen,
3310 SVs_TEMP | (big_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
3313 if (SvGAMAGIC(little) || (is_index && !SvOK(little))) {
3314 /* index && SvOK() is a hack. fbm_instr() calls SvPV_const, which will
3315 warn on undef, and we've already triggered a warning with the
3316 SvPV_const some lines above. We can't remove that, as we need to
3317 call some SvPV to trigger overloading early and find out if the
3319 This is all getting to messy. The API isn't quite clean enough,
3320 because data access has side effects.
3322 little = newSVpvn_flags(little_p, llen,
3323 SVs_TEMP | (little_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
3324 little_p = SvPVX(little);
3328 offset = is_index ? 0 : biglen;
3330 if (big_utf8 && offset > 0)
3331 offset = sv_pos_u2b_flags(big, offset, 0, SV_CONST_RETURN);
3337 else if (offset > (SSize_t)biglen)
3339 if (!(little_p = is_index
3340 ? fbm_instr((unsigned char*)big_p + offset,
3341 (unsigned char*)big_p + biglen, little, 0)
3342 : rninstr(big_p, big_p + offset,
3343 little_p, little_p + llen)))
3346 retval = little_p - big_p;
3347 if (retval > 0 && big_utf8)
3348 retval = sv_pos_b2u_flags(big, retval, SV_CONST_RETURN);
3358 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3359 SvTAINTED_off(TARG);
3360 do_sprintf(TARG, SP-MARK, MARK+1);
3361 TAINT_IF(SvTAINTED(TARG));
3373 const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(argsv, len);
3375 if (PL_encoding && SvPOK(argsv) && !DO_UTF8(argsv)) {
3376 SV * const tmpsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(argsv));
3377 s = (U8*)sv_recode_to_utf8(tmpsv, PL_encoding);
3378 len = UTF8SKIP(s); /* Should be well-formed; so this is its length */
3382 XPUSHu(DO_UTF8(argsv)
3383 ? utf8n_to_uvchr(s, len, 0, UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV)
3397 if (UNLIKELY(Perl_isinfnansv(top)))
3398 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot chr %"NVgf, SvNV(top));
3400 if (!IN_BYTES /* under bytes, chr(-1) eq chr(0xff), etc. */
3401 && ((SvIOKp(top) && !SvIsUV(top) && SvIV_nomg(top) < 0)
3403 ((SvNOKp(top) || (SvOK(top) && !SvIsUV(top)))
3404 && SvNV_nomg(top) < 0.0))) {
3405 if (ckWARN(WARN_UTF8)) {
3406 if (SvGMAGICAL(top)) {
3407 SV *top2 = sv_newmortal();
3408 sv_setsv_nomg(top2, top);
3411 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UTF8),
3412 "Invalid negative number (%"SVf") in chr", SVfARG(top));
3414 value = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
3416 value = SvUV_nomg(top);
3420 SvUPGRADE(TARG,SVt_PV);
3422 if (value > 255 && !IN_BYTES) {
3423 SvGROW(TARG, (STRLEN)UNISKIP(value)+1);
3424 tmps = (char*)uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8*)SvPVX(TARG), value, 0);
3425 SvCUR_set(TARG, tmps - SvPVX_const(TARG));
3427 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3436 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3438 (void)SvPOK_only(TARG);
3440 if (PL_encoding && !IN_BYTES) {
3441 sv_recode_to_utf8(TARG, PL_encoding);
3443 if (SvCUR(TARG) == 0
3444 || ! is_utf8_string((U8*)tmps, SvCUR(TARG))
3445 || UTF8_IS_REPLACEMENT((U8*) tmps, (U8*) tmps + SvCUR(TARG)))
3450 *tmps++ = (char)value;
3466 const char *tmps = SvPV_const(left, len);
3468 if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
3469 /* If Unicode, try to downgrade.
3470 * If not possible, croak.
3471 * Yes, we made this up. */
3472 SV* const tsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(left));
3475 sv_utf8_downgrade(tsv, FALSE);
3476 tmps = SvPV_const(tsv, len);
3478 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
3480 if (!PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3481 /* This should be threadsafe because in ithreads there is only
3482 * one thread per interpreter. If this would not be true,
3483 * we would need a mutex to protect this malloc. */
3484 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer =
3485 (struct crypt_data *)safemalloc(sizeof(struct crypt_data));
3486 #if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMX__)
3487 if (PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer) {
3488 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->initialized = 0;
3489 /* work around glibc-2.2.5 bug */
3490 PL_reentrant_buffer->_crypt_struct_buffer->current_saltbits = 0;
3494 # endif /* HAS_CRYPT_R */
3495 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3497 sv_setpv(TARG, fcrypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3499 sv_setpv(TARG, PerlProc_crypt(tmps, SvPV_nolen_const(right)));
3505 "The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.");
3509 /* Generally UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC are indistinguishable at this level. So
3510 * most comments below say UTF-8, when in fact they mean UTF-EBCDIC as well */
3513 /* also used for: pp_lcfirst() */
3517 /* Actually is both lcfirst() and ucfirst(). Only the first character
3518 * changes. This means that possibly we can change in-place, ie., just
3519 * take the source and change that one character and store it back, but not
3520 * if read-only etc, or if the length changes */
3524 STRLEN slen; /* slen is the byte length of the whole SV. */
3527 bool inplace; /* ? Convert first char only, in-place */
3528 bool doing_utf8 = FALSE; /* ? using utf8 */
3529 bool convert_source_to_utf8 = FALSE; /* ? need to convert */
3530 const int op_type = PL_op->op_type;
3533 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3534 STRLEN ulen; /* ulen is the byte length of the original Unicode character
3535 * stored as UTF-8 at s. */
3536 STRLEN tculen; /* tculen is the byte length of the freshly titlecased (or
3537 * lowercased) character stored in tmpbuf. May be either
3538 * UTF-8 or not, but in either case is the number of bytes */
3540 s = (const U8*)SvPV_const(source, slen);
3542 /* We may be able to get away with changing only the first character, in
3543 * place, but not if read-only, etc. Later we may discover more reasons to
3544 * not convert in-place. */
3545 inplace = !SvREADONLY(source)
3546 && ( SvPADTMP(source)
3547 || ( SvTEMP(source) && !SvSMAGICAL(source)
3548 && SvREFCNT(source) == 1));
3550 /* First calculate what the changed first character should be. This affects
3551 * whether we can just swap it out, leaving the rest of the string unchanged,
3552 * or even if have to convert the dest to UTF-8 when the source isn't */
3554 if (! slen) { /* If empty */
3555 need = 1; /* still need a trailing NUL */
3558 else if (DO_UTF8(source)) { /* Is the source utf8? */
3561 if (op_type == OP_UCFIRST) {
3562 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3563 _to_utf8_title_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen, IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE));
3565 _to_utf8_title_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen, 0);
3569 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3570 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen, IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE));
3572 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &tculen, 0);
3576 /* we can't do in-place if the length changes. */
3577 if (ulen != tculen) inplace = FALSE;
3578 need = slen + 1 - ulen + tculen;
3580 else { /* Non-zero length, non-UTF-8, Need to consider locale and if
3581 * latin1 is treated as caseless. Note that a locale takes
3583 ulen = 1; /* Original character is 1 byte */
3584 tculen = 1; /* Most characters will require one byte, but this will
3585 * need to be overridden for the tricky ones */
3588 if (op_type == OP_LCFIRST) {
3590 /* lower case the first letter: no trickiness for any character */
3592 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3593 (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE))
3598 ? toLOWER_LATIN1(*s)
3602 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3603 else if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
3604 if (IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) {
3608 *tmpbuf = (U8) toUPPER_LC(*s); /* This would be a bug if any
3609 locales have upper and title case
3613 else if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
3614 *tmpbuf = toUPPER(*s); /* Returns caseless for non-ascii, or
3615 * on EBCDIC machines whatever the
3616 * native function does */
3619 /* Here, is ucfirst non-UTF-8, not in locale (unless that locale is
3620 * UTF-8, which we treat as not in locale), and cased latin1 */
3622 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3626 title_ord = _to_upper_title_latin1(*s, tmpbuf, &tculen, 's');
3628 assert(tculen == 2);
3630 /* If the result is an upper Latin1-range character, it can
3631 * still be represented in one byte, which is its ordinal */
3632 if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*tmpbuf)) {
3633 *tmpbuf = (U8) title_ord;
3637 /* Otherwise it became more than one ASCII character (in
3638 * the case of LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) or changed to
3639 * beyond Latin1, so the number of bytes changed, so can't
3640 * replace just the first character in place. */
3643 /* If the result won't fit in a byte, the entire result
3644 * will have to be in UTF-8. Assume worst case sizing in
3645 * conversion. (all latin1 characters occupy at most two
3647 if (title_ord > 255) {
3649 convert_source_to_utf8 = TRUE;
3650 need = slen * 2 + 1;
3652 /* The (converted) UTF-8 and UTF-EBCDIC lengths of all
3653 * (both) characters whose title case is above 255 is
3657 else { /* LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S expands by 1 byte */
3658 need = slen + 1 + 1;
3662 } /* End of use Unicode (Latin1) semantics */
3663 } /* End of changing the case of the first character */
3665 /* Here, have the first character's changed case stored in tmpbuf. Ready to
3666 * generate the result */
3669 /* We can convert in place. This means we change just the first
3670 * character without disturbing the rest; no need to grow */
3672 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, slen);
3678 /* Here, we can't convert in place; we earlier calculated how much
3679 * space we will need, so grow to accommodate that */
3680 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
3681 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, need);
3682 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
3689 if (! convert_source_to_utf8) {
3691 /* Here both source and dest are in UTF-8, but have to create
3692 * the entire output. We initialize the result to be the
3693 * title/lower cased first character, and then append the rest
3695 sv_setpvn(dest, (char*)tmpbuf, tculen);
3697 sv_catpvn(dest, (char*)(s + ulen), slen - ulen);
3701 const U8 *const send = s + slen;
3703 /* Here the dest needs to be in UTF-8, but the source isn't,
3704 * except we earlier UTF-8'd the first character of the source
3705 * into tmpbuf. First put that into dest, and then append the
3706 * rest of the source, converting it to UTF-8 as we go. */
3708 /* Assert tculen is 2 here because the only two characters that
3709 * get to this part of the code have 2-byte UTF-8 equivalents */
3711 *d++ = *(tmpbuf + 1);
3712 s++; /* We have just processed the 1st char */
3714 for (; s < send; s++) {
3715 d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, *s);
3718 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3722 else { /* in-place UTF-8. Just overwrite the first character */
3723 Copy(tmpbuf, d, tculen, U8);
3724 SvCUR_set(dest, need - 1);
3728 else { /* Neither source nor dest are in or need to be UTF-8 */
3730 if (inplace) { /* in-place, only need to change the 1st char */
3733 else { /* Not in-place */
3735 /* Copy the case-changed character(s) from tmpbuf */
3736 Copy(tmpbuf, d, tculen, U8);
3737 d += tculen - 1; /* Code below expects d to point to final
3738 * character stored */
3741 else { /* empty source */
3742 /* See bug #39028: Don't taint if empty */
3746 /* In a "use bytes" we don't treat the source as UTF-8, but, still want
3747 * the destination to retain that flag */
3748 if (SvUTF8(source) && ! IN_BYTES)
3751 if (!inplace) { /* Finish the rest of the string, unchanged */
3752 /* This will copy the trailing NUL */
3753 Copy(s + 1, d + 1, slen, U8);
3754 SvCUR_set(dest, need - 1);
3757 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3758 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
3763 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
3769 /* There's so much setup/teardown code common between uc and lc, I wonder if
3770 it would be worth merging the two, and just having a switch outside each
3771 of the three tight loops. There is less and less commonality though */
3784 if ((SvPADTMP(source)
3786 (SvTEMP(source) && !SvSMAGICAL(source) && SvREFCNT(source) == 1))
3787 && !SvREADONLY(source) && SvPOK(source)
3790 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3791 (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE))
3792 ? ! IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE
3798 /* We can convert in place. The reason we can't if in UNI_8_BIT is to
3799 * make the loop tight, so we overwrite the source with the dest before
3800 * looking at it, and we need to look at the original source
3801 * afterwards. There would also need to be code added to handle
3802 * switching to not in-place in midstream if we run into characters
3803 * that change the length. Since being in locale overrides UNI_8_BIT,
3804 * that latter becomes irrelevant in the above test; instead for
3805 * locale, the size can't normally change, except if the locale is a
3808 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, len);
3815 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
3818 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
3819 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
3820 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
3825 /* Overloaded values may have toggled the UTF-8 flag on source, so we need
3826 to check DO_UTF8 again here. */
3828 if (DO_UTF8(source)) {
3829 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3830 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
3832 /* All occurrences of these are to be moved to follow any other marks.
3833 * This is context-dependent. We may not be passed enough context to
3834 * move the iota subscript beyond all of them, but we do the best we can
3835 * with what we're given. The result is always better than if we
3836 * hadn't done this. And, the problem would only arise if we are
3837 * passed a character without all its combining marks, which would be
3838 * the caller's mistake. The information this is based on comes from a
3839 * comment in Unicode SpecialCasing.txt, (and the Standard's text
3840 * itself) and so can't be checked properly to see if it ever gets
3841 * revised. But the likelihood of it changing is remote */
3842 bool in_iota_subscript = FALSE;
3848 if (in_iota_subscript && ! _is_utf8_mark(s)) {
3850 /* A non-mark. Time to output the iota subscript */
3851 Copy(GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA_UTF8, d, capital_iota_len, U8);
3852 d += capital_iota_len;
3853 in_iota_subscript = FALSE;
3856 /* Then handle the current character. Get the changed case value
3857 * and copy it to the output buffer */
3860 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3861 uv = _to_utf8_upper_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE));
3863 uv = _to_utf8_upper_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, 0);
3865 #define GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA 0x0399
3866 #define COMBINING_GREEK_YPOGEGRAMMENI 0x0345
3867 if (uv == GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA
3868 && utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, send, 0) == COMBINING_GREEK_YPOGEGRAMMENI)
3870 in_iota_subscript = TRUE;
3873 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
3874 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows the
3875 * available space, we need to grow. */
3876 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3878 /* If someone uppercases one million U+03B0s we SvGROW()
3879 * one million times. Or we could try guessing how much to
3880 * allocate without allocating too much. Such is life.
3881 * See corresponding comment in lc code for another option
3884 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
3886 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
3891 if (in_iota_subscript) {
3892 Copy(GREEK_CAPITAL_LETTER_IOTA_UTF8, d, capital_iota_len, U8);
3893 d += capital_iota_len;
3898 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
3900 else { /* Not UTF-8 */
3902 const U8 *const send = s + len;
3904 /* Use locale casing if in locale; regular style if not treating
3905 * latin1 as having case; otherwise the latin1 casing. Do the
3906 * whole thing in a tight loop, for speed, */
3907 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3908 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
3909 if (IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) {
3912 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
3913 *d = (U8) toUPPER_LC(*s);
3917 if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
3918 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3923 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
3926 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
3927 *d = toUPPER_LATIN1_MOD(*s);
3928 if (LIKELY(*d != LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS)) {
3932 /* The mainstream case is the tight loop above. To avoid
3933 * extra tests in that, all three characters that require
3934 * special handling are mapped by the MOD to the one tested
3936 * Use the source to distinguish between the three cases */
3938 if (*s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
3940 /* uc() of this requires 2 characters, but they are
3941 * ASCII. If not enough room, grow the string */
3942 if (SvLEN(dest) < ++min) {
3943 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3945 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
3947 *d++ = 'S'; *d = 'S'; /* upper case is 'SS' */
3948 continue; /* Back to the tight loop; still in ASCII */
3951 /* The other two special handling characters have their
3952 * upper cases outside the latin1 range, hence need to be
3953 * in UTF-8, so the whole result needs to be in UTF-8. So,
3954 * here we are somewhere in the middle of processing a
3955 * non-UTF-8 string, and realize that we will have to convert
3956 * the whole thing to UTF-8. What to do? There are
3957 * several possibilities. The simplest to code is to
3958 * convert what we have so far, set a flag, and continue on
3959 * in the loop. The flag would be tested each time through
3960 * the loop, and if set, the next character would be
3961 * converted to UTF-8 and stored. But, I (khw) didn't want
3962 * to slow down the mainstream case at all for this fairly
3963 * rare case, so I didn't want to add a test that didn't
3964 * absolutely have to be there in the loop, besides the
3965 * possibility that it would get too complicated for
3966 * optimizers to deal with. Another possibility is to just
3967 * give up, convert the source to UTF-8, and restart the
3968 * function that way. Another possibility is to convert
3969 * both what has already been processed and what is yet to
3970 * come separately to UTF-8, then jump into the loop that
3971 * handles UTF-8. But the most efficient time-wise of the
3972 * ones I could think of is what follows, and turned out to
3973 * not require much extra code. */
3975 /* Convert what we have so far into UTF-8, telling the
3976 * function that we know it should be converted, and to
3977 * allow extra space for what we haven't processed yet.
3978 * Assume the worst case space requirements for converting
3979 * what we haven't processed so far: that it will require
3980 * two bytes for each remaining source character, plus the
3981 * NUL at the end. This may cause the string pointer to
3982 * move, so re-find it. */
3984 len = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
3985 SvCUR_set(dest, len);
3986 len = sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dest,
3987 SV_GMAGIC|SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
3989 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + len;
3991 /* Now process the remainder of the source, converting to
3992 * upper and UTF-8. If a resulting byte is invariant in
3993 * UTF-8, output it as-is, otherwise convert to UTF-8 and
3994 * append it to the output. */
3995 for (; s < send; s++) {
3996 (void) _to_upper_title_latin1(*s, d, &len, 'S');
4000 /* Here have processed the whole source; no need to continue
4001 * with the outer loop. Each character has been converted
4002 * to upper case and converted to UTF-8 */
4005 } /* End of processing all latin1-style chars */
4006 } /* End of processing all chars */
4007 } /* End of source is not empty */
4009 if (source != dest) {
4010 *d = '\0'; /* Here d points to 1 after last char, add NUL */
4011 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
4013 } /* End of isn't utf8 */
4014 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4015 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
4020 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
4038 if ( ( SvPADTMP(source)
4039 || ( SvTEMP(source) && !SvSMAGICAL(source)
4040 && SvREFCNT(source) == 1 )
4042 && !SvREADONLY(source) && SvPOK(source)
4043 && !DO_UTF8(source)) {
4045 /* We can convert in place, as lowercasing anything in the latin1 range
4046 * (or else DO_UTF8 would have been on) doesn't lengthen it */
4048 s = d = (U8*)SvPV_force_nomg(source, len);
4055 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
4058 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
4059 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
4060 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
4065 /* Overloaded values may have toggled the UTF-8 flag on source, so we need
4066 to check DO_UTF8 again here. */
4068 if (DO_UTF8(source)) {
4069 const U8 *const send = s + len;
4070 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1];
4073 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
4076 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4077 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE));
4079 _to_utf8_lower_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, 0);
4082 /* Here is where we would do context-sensitive actions. See the
4083 * commit message for 86510fb15 for why there isn't any */
4085 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
4087 /* If the eventually required minimum size outgrows the
4088 * available space, we need to grow. */
4089 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4091 /* If someone lowercases one million U+0130s we SvGROW() one
4092 * million times. Or we could try guessing how much to
4093 * allocate without allocating too much. Such is life.
4094 * Another option would be to grow an extra byte or two more
4095 * each time we need to grow, which would cut down the million
4096 * to 500K, with little waste */
4098 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
4101 /* Copy the newly lowercased letter to the output buffer we're
4103 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
4106 } /* End of looping through the source string */
4109 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
4110 } else { /* Not utf8 */
4112 const U8 *const send = s + len;
4114 /* Use locale casing if in locale; regular style if not treating
4115 * latin1 as having case; otherwise the latin1 casing. Do the
4116 * whole thing in a tight loop, for speed, */
4117 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4118 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
4119 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
4120 *d = toLOWER_LC(*s);
4124 if (! IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
4125 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
4130 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
4131 *d = toLOWER_LATIN1(*s);
4135 if (source != dest) {
4137 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
4140 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4141 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
4146 if (dest != source && SvTAINTED(source))
4155 SV * const sv = TOPs;
4157 const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,len);
4159 SvUTF8_off(TARG); /* decontaminate */
4162 SvUPGRADE(TARG, SVt_PV);
4163 SvGROW(TARG, (len * 2) + 1);
4167 STRLEN ulen = UTF8SKIP(s);
4168 bool to_quote = FALSE;
4170 if (UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
4171 if (_isQUOTEMETA(*s)) {
4175 else if (UTF8_IS_DOWNGRADEABLE_START(*s)) {
4177 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4178 /* In locale, we quote all non-ASCII Latin1 chars.
4179 * Otherwise use the quoting rules */
4181 IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)
4184 _isQUOTEMETA(TWO_BYTE_UTF8_TO_NATIVE(*s, *(s + 1))))
4189 else if (is_QUOTEMETA_high(s)) {
4204 else if (IN_UNI_8_BIT) {
4206 if (_isQUOTEMETA(*s))
4212 /* For non UNI_8_BIT (and hence in locale) just quote all \W
4213 * including everything above ASCII */
4215 if (!isWORDCHAR_A(*s))
4221 SvCUR_set(TARG, d - SvPVX_const(TARG));
4222 (void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(TARG);
4225 sv_setpvn(TARG, s, len);
4241 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE + 1];
4242 const bool full_folding = TRUE; /* This variable is here so we can easily
4243 move to more generality later */
4244 const U8 flags = ( full_folding ? FOLD_FLAGS_FULL : 0 )
4245 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4246 | ( IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE) ? FOLD_FLAGS_LOCALE : 0 )
4250 /* This is a facsimile of pp_lc, but with a thousand bugs thanks to me.
4251 * You are welcome(?) -Hugmeir
4259 s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(source, len);
4261 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
4262 report_uninit(source);
4269 SvUPGRADE(dest, SVt_PV);
4270 d = (U8*)SvGROW(dest, min);
4271 (void)SvPOK_only(dest);
4276 if (DO_UTF8(source)) { /* UTF-8 flagged string. */
4278 const STRLEN u = UTF8SKIP(s);
4281 _to_utf8_fold_flags(s, tmpbuf, &ulen, flags);
4283 if (ulen > u && (SvLEN(dest) < (min += ulen - u))) {
4284 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4286 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
4289 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
4294 } /* Unflagged string */
4296 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4297 if ( IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE) ) { /* Under locale */
4298 if (IN_UTF8_CTYPE_LOCALE) {
4299 goto do_uni_folding;
4301 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
4302 *d = (U8) toFOLD_LC(*s);
4306 if ( !IN_UNI_8_BIT ) { /* Under nothing, or bytes */
4307 for (; s < send; d++, s++)
4311 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4314 /* For ASCII and the Latin-1 range, there's only two troublesome
4315 * folds, \x{DF} (\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S}), which under full
4316 * casefolding becomes 'ss'; and \x{B5} (\N{MICRO SIGN}), which
4317 * under any fold becomes \x{3BC} (\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER MU}) --
4318 * For the rest, the casefold is their lowercase. */
4319 for (; s < send; d++, s++) {
4320 if (*s == MICRO_SIGN) {
4321 /* \N{MICRO SIGN}'s casefold is \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER MU},
4322 * which is outside of the latin-1 range. There's a couple
4323 * of ways to deal with this -- khw discusses them in
4324 * pp_lc/uc, so go there :) What we do here is upgrade what
4325 * we had already casefolded, then enter an inner loop that
4326 * appends the rest of the characters as UTF-8. */
4327 len = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4328 SvCUR_set(dest, len);
4329 len = sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(dest,
4330 SV_GMAGIC|SV_FORCE_UTF8_UPGRADE,
4331 /* The max expansion for latin1
4332 * chars is 1 byte becomes 2 */
4334 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + len;
4336 Copy(GREEK_SMALL_LETTER_MU_UTF8, d, small_mu_len, U8);
4339 for (; s < send; s++) {
4341 UV fc = _to_uni_fold_flags(*s, tmpbuf, &ulen, flags);
4342 if UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(fc) {
4344 && *s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S)
4353 Copy(tmpbuf, d, ulen, U8);
4359 else if (full_folding && *s == LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S) {
4360 /* Under full casefolding, LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
4361 * becomes "ss", which may require growing the SV. */
4362 if (SvLEN(dest) < ++min) {
4363 const UV o = d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest);
4365 d = (U8*)SvPVX(dest) + o;
4370 else { /* If it's not one of those two, the fold is their lower
4372 *d = toLOWER_LATIN1(*s);
4378 SvCUR_set(dest, d - (U8*)SvPVX_const(dest));
4380 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_CTYPE
4381 if (IN_LC_RUNTIME(LC_CTYPE)) {
4386 if (SvTAINTED(source))
4396 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
4397 AV *const av = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4398 const I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET);
4400 if (SvTYPE(av) == SVt_PVAV) {
4401 const bool localizing = PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO;
4402 bool can_preserve = FALSE;
4408 can_preserve = SvCANEXISTDELETE(av);
4411 if (lval && localizing) {
4414 for (svp = MARK + 1; svp <= SP; svp++) {
4415 const SSize_t elem = SvIV(*svp);
4419 if (max > AvMAX(av))
4423 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4425 SSize_t elem = SvIV(*MARK);
4426 bool preeminent = TRUE;
4428 if (localizing && can_preserve) {
4429 /* If we can determine whether the element exist,
4430 * Try to preserve the existenceness of a tied array
4431 * element by using EXISTS and DELETE if possible.
4432 * Fallback to FETCH and STORE otherwise. */
4433 preeminent = av_exists(av, elem);
4436 svp = av_fetch(av, elem, lval);
4439 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, elem);
4442 save_aelem(av, elem, svp);
4444 SAVEADELETE(av, elem);
4447 *MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
4450 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
4452 *++MARK = SP > ORIGMARK ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
4461 AV *const av = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4462 I32 lval = (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD);
4463 SSize_t items = SP - MARK;
4465 if (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB) {
4466 const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
4468 if (!(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS))
4469 /* diag_listed_as: Can't modify %s in %s */
4470 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't modify index/value array slice in list assignment");
4477 *(MARK+items*2-1) = *(MARK+items);
4483 while (++MARK <= SP) {
4486 svp = av_fetch(av, SvIV(*MARK), lval);
4488 if (!svp || !*svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) {
4489 DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, SvIV(*MARK));
4491 *MARK = sv_mortalcopy(*MARK);
4493 *++MARK = svp ? *svp : &PL_sv_undef;
4495 if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
4496 MARK = SP - items*2;
4497 *++MARK = items > 0 ? *SP : &PL_sv_undef;
4504 /* Smart dereferencing for keys, values and each */
4506 /* also used for: pp_reach() pp_rvalues() */
4518 (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVHV && SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVAV)
4523 "Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref",
4524 PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type] );
4527 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV)
4529 "Can't modify %s in %s",
4530 PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_type], PL_op_desc[PL_op->op_next->op_type]
4533 /* Delegate to correct function for op type */
4535 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_RKEYS || PL_op->op_type == OP_RVALUES) {
4536 return (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV) ? Perl_do_kv(aTHX) : Perl_pp_akeys(aTHX);
4539 return (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV)
4540 ? Perl_pp_each(aTHX)
4541 : Perl_pp_aeach(aTHX);
4548 AV *array = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4549 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4550 IV *iterp = Perl_av_iter_p(aTHX_ array);
4551 const IV current = (*iterp)++;
4553 if (current > av_tindex(array)) {
4555 if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
4563 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4564 SV **const element = av_fetch(array, current, 0);
4565 PUSHs(element ? *element : &PL_sv_undef);
4570 /* also used for: pp_avalues()*/
4574 AV *array = MUTABLE_AV(POPs);
4575 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4577 *Perl_av_iter_p(aTHX_ array) = 0;
4579 if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
4581 PUSHi(av_tindex(array) + 1);
4583 else if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4584 IV n = Perl_av_len(aTHX_ array);
4589 if (PL_op->op_type == OP_AKEYS || PL_op->op_type == OP_RKEYS) {
4590 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
4595 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
4596 SV *const *const elem = Perl_av_fetch(aTHX_ array, i, 0);
4597 PUSHs(elem ? *elem : &PL_sv_undef);
4604 /* Associative arrays. */
4609 HV * hash = MUTABLE_HV(POPs);
4611 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4614 /* might clobber stack_sp */
4615 entry = hv_iternext(hash);
4620 SV* const sv = hv_iterkeysv(entry);
4621 PUSHs(sv); /* won't clobber stack_sp */
4622 if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
4625 /* might clobber stack_sp */
4626 val = hv_iterval(hash, entry);
4631 else if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
4638 S_do_delete_local(pTHX)
4641 const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
4644 const bool sliced = !!(PL_op->op_private & OPpSLICE);
4645 SV **unsliced_keysv = sliced ? NULL : sp--;
4646 SV * const osv = POPs;
4647 SV **mark = sliced ? PL_stack_base + POPMARK : unsliced_keysv-1;
4649 const bool tied = SvRMAGICAL(osv)
4650 && mg_find((const SV *)osv, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
4651 const bool can_preserve = SvCANEXISTDELETE(osv);
4652 const U32 type = SvTYPE(osv);