3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1006 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
1009 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1012 const char *nsplit = NULL;
1015 const char * const origname = name;
1016 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1017 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1018 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1019 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1023 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1026 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
1027 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1028 the error reporting code. */
1031 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
1032 if (*nend == '\'') {
1036 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
1042 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
1043 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1044 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1046 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1047 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1049 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
1050 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
1051 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1052 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
1053 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1056 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1057 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1062 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1064 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1065 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1066 import/unimport subroutine */
1067 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1068 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1070 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1071 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1073 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1074 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1077 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1078 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1079 * require it first instead of croaking */
1080 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1081 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1082 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1083 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1084 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1086 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1087 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1092 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1093 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1094 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1095 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1101 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1102 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1104 packnamesv = error_report;
1108 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1109 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1110 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1111 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1112 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1116 else if (autoload) {
1117 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1118 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1122 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1126 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1129 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1130 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1131 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1132 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1142 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1146 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1147 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1150 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1154 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1156 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1157 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1161 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1168 SV *packname = NULL;
1169 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1171 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1173 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1176 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1177 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1178 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1179 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1180 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1184 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1185 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1187 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1188 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1192 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1196 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1199 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1200 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1202 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1203 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1204 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1206 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1209 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1210 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1211 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1213 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1214 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1215 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1216 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1217 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1220 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1221 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1222 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1223 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1224 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1225 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1226 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1228 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1229 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1231 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1232 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1233 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1235 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1238 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1239 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1240 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1242 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1244 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1245 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1247 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1248 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1252 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1256 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1262 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1263 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1264 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1265 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1267 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1268 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1272 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1273 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1274 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1278 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1279 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1280 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1281 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1282 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1283 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1284 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1287 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1295 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1296 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1297 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1298 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1300 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1301 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1302 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1303 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1304 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1305 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1308 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1309 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1311 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1313 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1315 /* If it is not tied */
1316 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1318 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1326 #define HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC (GV **)hv_fetch(stash, "_tie_it", 7, 0)
1328 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1329 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1330 || !(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1332 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1333 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1336 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1337 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1338 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1340 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1341 type, varname, name);
1342 else if (!(gvp = HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC) || !*gvp || !GvCV(*gvp))
1343 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1344 type, varname, name);
1346 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1347 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp); assert(GvCV(*gvp));
1351 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1357 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1359 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1360 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1366 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1369 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1373 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1375 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1376 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1377 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1378 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1379 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1382 Flags may be one of:
1391 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1393 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1394 recommended for performance reasons.
1400 gv_stashpvn_internal
1402 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1403 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1407 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1408 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1414 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1416 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1418 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1421 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1422 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1423 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1424 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1425 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1426 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1428 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1430 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1431 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1433 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1434 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1436 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1437 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1438 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1439 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1440 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1446 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1448 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1449 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1451 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1453 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1455 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1459 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1460 assert(namesv || name)
1462 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1463 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1468 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1470 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1471 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1472 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1475 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1476 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1479 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1481 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1483 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1485 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1488 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1490 if (stash && namelen) {
1491 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1492 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1493 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1500 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1502 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1503 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1507 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1509 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1512 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1519 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1522 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1527 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1528 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1529 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1533 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1535 const char * const nambeg =
1536 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1537 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1538 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1541 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1542 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1546 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1550 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1554 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1555 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1557 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1558 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1560 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1561 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1562 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1563 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1565 const char *name_cursor;
1566 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1567 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1571 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1572 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1576 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1577 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1578 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1579 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1582 *stash = PL_defstash;
1583 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1586 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1587 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1590 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1596 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1597 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1598 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1599 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1602 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1603 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1604 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1605 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1606 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1612 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1615 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1616 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1617 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1618 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1619 && strnEQ(*name, "CORE", 4))
1620 hv_name_set(*stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1623 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1625 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1626 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1627 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1628 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1631 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1632 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1635 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1637 *name = name_cursor+1;
1638 if (*name == name_end) {
1640 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1645 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1649 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1650 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1651 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1653 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1655 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1656 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1657 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1658 * like INC or STDOUT.
1666 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1667 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1668 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1672 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1677 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1678 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1682 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1683 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1684 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1688 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1689 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1695 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1703 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1704 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1705 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1707 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1708 * which might happen during global destruction.
1710 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1711 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1712 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1713 const svtype sv_type)
1715 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1717 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1719 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1720 *stash = PL_defstash;
1723 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1724 *stash = PL_curstash;
1725 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1726 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1727 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1728 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1729 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1730 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1731 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1733 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1734 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1735 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1739 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1740 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1741 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1743 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1745 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1746 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1747 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1748 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1749 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1752 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1753 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1754 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1761 /* Use the current op's stash */
1762 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1767 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1769 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1770 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1771 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1772 "declare \"my %s%"UTF8f"\"?)",
1773 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1774 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1775 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1776 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1777 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1778 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1779 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1780 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1781 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1782 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1783 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1784 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1786 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1788 /* symbol table under destruction */
1797 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1803 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1804 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1806 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1807 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1809 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1811 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1812 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1813 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1816 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1817 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1819 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1820 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1821 const svtype sv_type)
1825 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1827 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1828 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1829 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1830 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1832 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1835 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1839 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1840 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1843 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1847 if (stash == PL_debstash && len==4 && strEQ(name2,"rgs")) {
1848 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1852 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1861 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1862 /* Avoid null warning: */
1863 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1864 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1865 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1872 /* Nothing else to do.
1873 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1874 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1875 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1876 platforms, we can't just do:
1877 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1878 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1879 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1880 would make them larger than 'V')
1885 const char * name2 = name + 1;
1888 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1889 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1891 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1896 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1900 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1901 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1905 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1908 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1909 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1910 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1911 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1913 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1914 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1915 use didn't clean up fully because
1916 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1917 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1918 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1919 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1920 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1921 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1922 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1923 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1927 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1928 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1929 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1931 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1936 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1939 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1940 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1943 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1944 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1947 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1948 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1951 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1952 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1955 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1956 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH")) {
1957 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
1961 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1962 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1965 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1966 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH")) {
1967 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
1970 if (strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH")) {
1971 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
1975 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1976 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1979 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1980 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1982 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1984 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1987 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1988 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1991 else if (strEQ(name2, "IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2005 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2008 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2010 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2011 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2017 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2018 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2021 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2024 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2027 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2029 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2031 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2032 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2033 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2034 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2036 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2040 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2041 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2054 paren = *name - '0';
2057 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2058 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2059 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2063 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2067 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2068 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2074 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2076 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2078 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
2079 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2080 require_tie_mod(gv, '!', "Errno", 5, 1);
2085 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2087 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2088 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
2090 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2091 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2093 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2096 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2097 require_tie_mod(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",23,0);
2103 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2104 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2105 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2106 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2108 case '\010': /* $^H */
2110 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2111 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2115 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2116 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2117 require_tie_mod(gv,'[',"arybase",7,0);
2119 else goto magicalize;
2121 case '\023': /* $^S */
2123 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2139 case '\001': /* $^A */
2140 case '\003': /* $^C */
2141 case '\004': /* $^D */
2142 case '\005': /* $^E */
2143 case '\006': /* $^F */
2144 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2145 case '\016': /* $^N */
2146 case '\017': /* $^O */
2147 case '\020': /* $^P */
2148 case '\024': /* $^T */
2149 case '\027': /* $^W */
2151 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2154 case '\014': /* $^L */
2155 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2158 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2162 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2163 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2164 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2165 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2166 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2170 case '\026': /* $^V */
2172 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2173 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2174 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2180 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2186 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2187 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2189 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2194 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2195 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2196 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2198 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2199 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2200 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2201 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2204 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2205 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2207 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2209 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2211 require_tie_mod(gv, '!', "Errno", 5, 1);
2212 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2213 require_tie_mod(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 23, 0);
2214 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2215 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2216 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2217 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2219 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2222 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2225 require_tie_mod(gv,'[',"arybase",7,0);
2227 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2229 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2233 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2237 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2246 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2247 const svtype sv_type)
2249 const char *name = nambeg;
2254 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2255 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2256 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2257 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2258 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2259 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2262 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2264 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2265 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2266 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2267 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2269 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2272 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2273 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2279 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2283 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2284 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2285 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2286 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2289 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2290 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2293 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2294 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2295 * anything else with it before that.
2298 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2299 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2300 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2301 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2302 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2303 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2304 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2307 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2308 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2309 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2310 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2311 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2312 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2313 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2315 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2316 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
2317 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2318 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2321 } else if (no_init) {
2325 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2326 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2327 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2328 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2331 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2336 /* Adding a new symbol.
2337 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2338 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2340 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2341 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2343 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2345 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2346 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2347 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
2348 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2349 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2351 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2354 /* set up magic where warranted */
2355 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2358 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2359 * stored in the symtab.
2360 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2361 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2363 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2367 /* The temporary GV created above */
2368 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2372 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2377 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2380 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2382 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2384 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2386 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2387 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2388 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2389 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2393 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2394 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2398 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2400 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2402 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2404 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2408 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2409 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2413 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2417 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2422 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2424 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2426 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2427 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2428 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2431 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2432 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2434 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2435 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2437 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2439 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2441 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2443 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2444 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2446 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2447 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2450 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2452 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2454 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2455 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2457 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2458 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2459 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2460 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2461 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2464 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2469 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2471 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2472 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2474 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2475 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2480 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2483 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2490 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2491 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2492 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2493 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2502 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2507 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2509 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2510 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2511 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2512 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2515 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2517 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2525 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2527 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2528 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2529 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2530 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2531 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2532 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2533 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2535 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2544 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2548 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2549 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2550 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2551 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2552 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2553 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2554 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n",
2555 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2556 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2560 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2561 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2562 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2563 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2564 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2565 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2566 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2567 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2568 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2569 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2574 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2577 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2583 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2585 if (--attempts == 0) {
2587 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2588 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2593 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2594 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2600 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2602 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2603 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2605 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2607 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2609 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2610 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2612 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2613 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2620 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2622 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2623 * 0 if there is no overload
2624 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2628 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2630 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2632 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2635 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2637 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2639 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2640 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2641 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2643 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2646 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2649 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2650 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2656 bool deref_seen = 0;
2659 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2661 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2662 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2663 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2668 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2671 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2673 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2676 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2677 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2678 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2679 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2680 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2681 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2688 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2689 /* initially assume the worst */
2690 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2692 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2693 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2694 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2695 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2696 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2698 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2699 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2700 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2701 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2702 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2703 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2704 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2705 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2706 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2707 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2709 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2710 const HEK * const gvhek =
2711 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2712 const HEK * const stashek =
2713 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2714 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2715 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2716 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2717 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2718 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2719 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2721 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2723 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2724 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2725 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2726 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2727 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2729 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2734 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2736 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2737 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2738 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2739 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2740 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2741 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2749 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2751 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2752 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2753 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2755 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2756 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2759 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2775 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2776 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2777 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2778 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2781 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2782 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2783 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2787 /* Here we have no table: */
2789 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2790 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2791 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2797 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2802 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2804 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2807 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2808 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2810 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2813 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2815 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2818 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2819 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2821 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2822 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2823 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2824 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2825 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2826 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2827 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2828 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2840 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2841 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2843 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2845 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2849 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2852 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2856 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2857 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2858 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2860 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2865 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2866 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2876 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2882 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2883 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2886 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2888 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2889 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2893 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2895 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2896 SV* const right = TOPs;
2902 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2903 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2904 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2905 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2907 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2914 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2915 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2925 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2926 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2928 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2931 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2932 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2934 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2937 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2939 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2941 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2947 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2951 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2955 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
2956 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
2957 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2958 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
2961 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2962 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2964 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2965 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2966 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2973 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2977 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2979 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2981 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2983 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2984 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2986 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2987 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2988 * masked by overloading.pm */
2990 const int offset = method / 8;
2991 const int bit = method % 8;
2992 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2994 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2995 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3002 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3007 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3008 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3009 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3010 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3011 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3012 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3013 int use_default_op = 0;
3014 int force_scalar = 0;
3020 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3022 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3023 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3026 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3027 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3028 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3029 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3030 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3032 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3033 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3039 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3040 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3042 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3045 /* look for substituted methods */
3046 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3050 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3051 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3052 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3057 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3058 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3059 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3063 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3066 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3069 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3072 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3073 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3074 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3081 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3084 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3085 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3087 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3088 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3090 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3091 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3092 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3093 delegate to the stash. */
3094 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3100 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3101 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3102 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3104 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3105 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3106 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3108 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3109 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3110 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3113 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3124 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3126 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3131 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3132 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3135 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3143 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3148 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3149 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3150 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3151 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3152 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3153 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3155 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3158 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3159 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3160 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3161 /* We look for substitution for
3162 * comparison operations and
3164 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3165 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3166 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3188 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3192 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3202 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3210 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3212 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3213 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3214 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3215 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3216 } else if ((use_default_op =
3217 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3218 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3220 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3224 if (off==-1) off=method;
3225 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3226 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
3227 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3228 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3230 "in overloaded package ":
3231 "has no overloaded magic",
3233 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3236 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3239 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3241 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3242 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3243 if (use_default_op) {
3244 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3246 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3250 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3255 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3256 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3257 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3258 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3264 if (off == subtr_amg)
3267 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3268 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3269 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3270 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3290 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3294 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3295 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3296 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3304 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3305 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3306 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3316 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3317 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
3319 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3321 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3322 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3323 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3324 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3325 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3326 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3327 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3328 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3331 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3332 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3333 * version of copy operator
3335 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3336 * a) Assignment form was called.
3337 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3338 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3339 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3340 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3341 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3343 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3344 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3346 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3347 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3350 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3351 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3353 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3354 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3357 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3358 * information by hand */
3359 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3361 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3362 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3364 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3372 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3374 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3377 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3378 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3379 myop.op_next = NULL;
3380 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3384 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3387 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3388 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3393 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3397 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3400 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3401 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3402 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3403 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3405 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3406 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3407 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3408 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3410 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3411 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3413 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3414 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3415 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3417 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3421 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3425 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3429 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3430 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3433 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3436 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3437 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3438 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3440 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3452 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3459 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3462 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3465 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3468 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3471 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3474 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3477 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3479 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3484 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3486 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3488 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3496 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3501 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3504 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3506 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3507 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3510 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3511 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3515 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3517 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3518 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3519 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3520 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3521 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3522 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3523 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3525 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3527 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3528 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3529 more compactly represents the same thing.
3535 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3543 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3545 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3547 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3548 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3549 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3550 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3551 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3552 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3554 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3556 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3558 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3559 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3561 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3562 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3568 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3569 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3570 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3571 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3572 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3573 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3574 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3575 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3576 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3578 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3579 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3583 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3585 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3586 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3587 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3588 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3593 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3595 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3597 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3598 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3599 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3600 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3601 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3602 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3603 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3606 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3612 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3615 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3620 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: