4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
106 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
107 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
108 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
110 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
112 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
113 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
114 # include <sys/mman.h>
117 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
118 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
122 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
126 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
127 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
128 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
129 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
131 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
132 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
133 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
134 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
136 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
139 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
140 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
142 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
143 perror("mmap failed");
148 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
153 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
154 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
155 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
156 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
158 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
159 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
160 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
161 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
163 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
165 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
166 /* We remember this slab. */
167 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
168 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
169 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
170 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
173 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
174 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
176 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
177 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
178 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
179 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
180 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
181 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
184 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
186 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
187 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
188 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
189 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
191 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
192 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
193 and a warn handler has an eval */
198 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
202 void *const start = slabs[count];
203 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
204 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
205 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
206 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
214 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
216 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
217 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
221 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
222 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
224 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
225 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
226 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
231 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
242 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
249 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
253 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
255 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
256 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
258 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
259 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
262 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
264 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
267 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
268 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
269 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
272 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
274 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
275 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
276 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
278 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
279 PL_slab_count, count));
280 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
281 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
283 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
284 perror("munmap failed");
292 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
294 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
301 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
302 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
304 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
305 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
306 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
309 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
311 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
313 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
315 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
316 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
320 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
322 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
326 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
327 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
331 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
333 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
335 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
341 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS;
345 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
350 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
352 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS;
354 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
359 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE;
363 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
364 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
368 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ const OP *o)
370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
373 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
374 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
375 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
379 /* "register" allocation */
382 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
386 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
391 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
394 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
396 assert(strlen(name) == len);
398 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
402 (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
403 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
405 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
406 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
407 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
408 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
409 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
411 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
412 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
416 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
418 off = pad_add_name(name, len,
419 is_our ? padadd_OUR :
420 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0,
421 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
423 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
424 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
428 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
429 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
431 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
432 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
437 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
438 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
441 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
443 if (o->op_latefree) {
451 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
453 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
459 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
466 if (o->op_latefreed) {
473 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
484 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
487 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
488 we maintain for reset(). */
489 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
499 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
500 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
504 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
505 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
506 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
507 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
512 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
516 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
517 * numbers etc even after null() */
518 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
519 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
520 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
521 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
526 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
529 if (o->op_latefree) {
535 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
542 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
547 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
550 /* if (o->op_madprop && o->op_madprop->mad_next)
552 /* FIXME for MAD - if I uncomment these two lines t/op/pack.t fails with
553 "modification of a read only value" for a reason I can't fathom why.
554 It's the "" stringification of $_, where $_ was set to '' in a foreach
555 loop, but it defies simplification into a small test case.
556 However, commenting them out has caused ext/List/Util/t/weak.t to fail
559 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
565 switch (o->op_type) {
566 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
567 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
568 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
573 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
577 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
578 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
584 if (! (o->op_type == OP_AELEMFAST && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
585 /* not an OP_PADAV replacement */
586 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
591 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
592 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
593 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
594 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
595 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
596 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
597 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
598 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
599 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
600 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
601 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
602 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
603 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
604 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
605 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
608 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
610 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
611 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
612 * may still exist on the pad */
613 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
614 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
617 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
618 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
621 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
624 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
628 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
631 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
632 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
635 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
636 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
637 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
638 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
641 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
650 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
655 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
657 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
658 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
659 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
662 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
663 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
667 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
668 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
672 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
676 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
677 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
678 * exist on the pad */
679 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
682 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
688 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
689 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
690 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
691 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
692 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
693 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
694 * happen before sv_clean_all
697 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
698 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
699 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
700 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
701 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
705 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
706 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
712 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
713 pad_free(o->op_targ);
719 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
721 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
725 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
726 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
727 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
731 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
737 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
739 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
741 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
742 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
744 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
745 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
750 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
751 array[i] = array[--count];
752 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
753 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
754 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
757 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
774 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
776 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
778 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
779 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
781 switch (kid->op_type) {
786 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
788 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
789 kid = kid->op_sibling;
795 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
799 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
801 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
805 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
806 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
807 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
811 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
819 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
826 /* Contextualizers */
829 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
831 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
832 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
833 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
840 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
842 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
844 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
845 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
846 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
848 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context");
854 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
856 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
857 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
858 not be called directly.
864 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
868 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
873 /* establish postfix order */
874 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
877 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
880 if (kid->op_sibling) {
881 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
882 kid = kid->op_sibling;
896 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
898 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
900 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
907 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
911 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
913 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
914 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
915 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
916 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
918 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
919 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
920 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
921 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
928 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
933 /* assumes no premature commitment */
934 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
935 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
936 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
941 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
943 switch (o->op_type) {
945 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
950 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
960 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
961 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
967 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
969 kid = kid->op_sibling;
972 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
973 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN) {
974 if (sib->op_type == OP_BREAK && sib->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
984 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
989 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
992 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
999 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1003 const char* useless = NULL;
1007 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1009 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1011 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1013 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1016 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1017 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1018 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1024 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1025 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1026 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1027 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1028 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1030 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1031 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1032 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1033 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1034 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1039 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1040 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1042 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1045 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1047 switch (o->op_type) {
1049 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1053 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1057 if (o->op_private == 4)
1100 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1101 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1106 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1130 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1131 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1132 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1136 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1137 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1139 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1141 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1143 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1147 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1148 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1149 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1152 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1156 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1157 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1161 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1168 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1169 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1170 useless = "a variable";
1175 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1176 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1178 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1180 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1181 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1182 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1185 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1186 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1188 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1189 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1190 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1192 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1193 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1194 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1195 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1197 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1198 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1199 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1200 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1201 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1202 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1203 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1204 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1205 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1206 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1207 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1212 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1216 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1217 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1221 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1222 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1226 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1227 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1231 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1232 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1237 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1238 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1239 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1241 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1243 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1245 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1246 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1255 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1260 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1267 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1278 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1288 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1293 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1295 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1297 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1304 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1309 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1310 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1311 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1312 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1317 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1318 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1320 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1323 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1325 switch (o->op_type) {
1328 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1333 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1341 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1343 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1344 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1345 return gen_constant_list(o);
1352 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1354 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1357 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1358 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN) {
1359 if (sib->op_type == OP_BREAK && sib->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1369 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1373 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1380 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1384 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1386 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1387 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1390 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1391 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1395 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1397 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1398 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1399 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1402 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1407 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1409 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1411 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1412 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1418 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1420 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1421 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1422 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1423 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1426 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1427 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1428 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1430 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1431 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1437 Perl_op_lvalue(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1441 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1444 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1447 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1448 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1453 switch (o->op_type) {
1459 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1462 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1463 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1464 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1468 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1469 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1471 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1474 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1477 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1481 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN) &&
1482 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1483 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1484 /* The default is to set op_private to the number of children,
1485 which for a UNOP such as RV2CV is always 1. And w're using
1486 the bit for a flag in RV2CV, so we need it clear. */
1487 o->op_private &= ~1;
1488 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1489 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1490 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1493 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1495 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1496 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1497 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1498 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1499 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1500 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1503 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1504 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1508 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1509 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1511 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1512 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1513 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1514 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1516 while (kid->op_sibling)
1517 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1518 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1520 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1521 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1525 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1526 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1527 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1528 newop->op_first = NULL;
1529 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1530 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1531 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1532 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1536 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1538 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1539 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1540 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1541 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1542 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1546 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1547 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1548 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1549 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1551 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1552 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1553 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1554 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1555 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1557 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1558 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1559 kid->op_next = okid;
1562 okid->op_next = NULL;
1563 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1565 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1566 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1567 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1571 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1581 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1582 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN)
1584 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1585 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1587 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1588 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1590 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1604 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1613 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1620 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1621 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1626 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1627 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1628 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1632 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1634 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1638 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1639 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1645 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1648 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1649 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1650 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1654 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1658 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1673 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1674 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1675 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1676 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1678 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1679 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1683 if (!type) /* local() */
1684 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %s",
1685 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(o->op_targ));
1694 if (type != OP_SASSIGN)
1698 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1703 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1704 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1706 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1707 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1708 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1709 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1710 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1715 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1716 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1717 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1718 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1719 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1720 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1730 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1731 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1736 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1738 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1740 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1741 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1747 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1748 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1752 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1754 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1757 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1758 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1760 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1761 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
1764 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1765 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1767 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
1768 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
1769 else if (!type) { /* local() */
1772 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1773 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
1774 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1779 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1780 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
1783 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
1784 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1785 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1789 /* Do not use this. It will be removed after 5.14. */
1791 Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1793 return op_lvalue(o,type);
1798 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
1800 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALAR_MOD_TYPE;
1804 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
1828 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1849 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
1851 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
1853 switch (o->op_type) {
1861 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
1874 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1876 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1878 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1885 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
1890 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
1892 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1895 switch (o->op_type) {
1897 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1898 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1899 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1900 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1901 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1902 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
1903 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
1904 o->op_private &= ~1;
1909 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1910 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
1913 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1914 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1915 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1918 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1919 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1920 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1922 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1929 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1932 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1933 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1934 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1940 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1945 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1947 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
1951 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1952 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1953 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1954 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1956 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1966 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1968 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
1978 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
1985 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
1986 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
1987 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
1989 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1990 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
1992 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1996 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
1998 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
1999 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2000 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2001 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2002 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2009 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2014 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2016 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2017 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2018 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2020 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2021 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2024 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2025 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2026 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2027 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2029 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2030 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2033 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2034 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2036 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2037 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2038 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2039 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2041 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2047 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2050 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2053 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2058 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2059 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2060 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2062 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2063 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2065 /* Need package name for method call. */
2066 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2068 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2069 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2071 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2072 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2073 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2074 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2075 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2076 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2077 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2078 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2080 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2081 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2082 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2083 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2084 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2085 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2086 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
2088 /* Combine the ops. */
2089 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2093 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2095 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2096 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2097 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2098 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2099 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2100 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2101 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2102 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2103 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2104 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2110 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2111 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2115 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2118 len = strlen(attrstr);
2122 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2124 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2125 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2126 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2127 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2128 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2132 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2133 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2134 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2135 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2136 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2137 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2138 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2143 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2147 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2149 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2151 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2155 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2156 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2160 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2162 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2163 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2164 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2170 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2172 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2173 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2174 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2176 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2178 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2180 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2181 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2182 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2183 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2184 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2185 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2186 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2189 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2192 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2195 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2197 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2199 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2201 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2204 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2207 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2208 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2210 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2211 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2213 stash = PL_curstash;
2214 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2216 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2217 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2219 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2224 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2228 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2230 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2232 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2233 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2235 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2245 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2247 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2248 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2249 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2252 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2254 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2255 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2260 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2262 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2264 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2269 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2273 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2274 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2276 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2278 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2279 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2281 const char * const desc
2283 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2284 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2286 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2287 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2288 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2289 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2290 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2291 desc, sample, sample);
2294 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2295 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2296 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2298 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2301 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2302 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2304 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2305 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2306 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2308 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2309 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2310 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2311 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2312 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2314 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2316 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2319 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2320 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2321 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2322 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2323 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2324 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2325 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2328 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2329 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2331 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2333 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2337 return bind_match(type, left,
2338 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2342 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2346 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2350 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2352 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2353 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2354 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2355 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2356 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2357 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2364 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2368 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2369 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2370 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2371 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2373 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2375 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2376 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2377 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2378 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2381 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2382 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2384 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2389 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2395 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2398 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2400 pad_block_start(full);
2402 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2403 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2404 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2406 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2412 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2415 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2416 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2418 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2421 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2423 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2426 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2432 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2434 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2436 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2437 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2443 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2445 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2447 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2454 const PADOFFSET offset = Perl_pad_findmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0);
2455 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2456 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2459 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2460 o->op_targ = offset;
2466 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2470 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2475 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2476 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2477 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2478 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2479 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2480 * argument more than once */
2481 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2482 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2483 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2484 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2485 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2488 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2489 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2491 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2494 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2495 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2496 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2497 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2498 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2499 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2500 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2503 /* Register with debugger */
2505 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2509 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2511 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2518 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2522 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2524 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2525 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2526 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2533 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2534 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2535 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2537 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2540 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2541 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2545 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2546 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2549 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2551 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2557 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2558 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2559 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2561 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2563 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2573 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2574 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2575 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2580 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2584 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2586 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2587 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2593 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2596 register OP * VOL curop;
2598 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2603 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2604 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2608 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
2610 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2612 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2613 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2615 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2616 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2617 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2618 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2619 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2621 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2624 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2629 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2630 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2642 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2643 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2648 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2649 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2651 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2652 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2653 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2655 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2657 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2663 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2664 old_next = o->op_next;
2668 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2669 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2671 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
2672 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
2673 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
2674 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
2675 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
2676 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
2677 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
2678 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2685 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2686 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) /* grab pad temp? */
2687 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2688 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2689 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2694 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2695 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2697 o->op_next = old_next;
2701 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
2702 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2703 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2704 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
2705 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
2706 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
2709 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2710 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2711 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2713 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
2714 delete_eval_scope();
2723 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
2724 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2726 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
2727 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
2735 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2739 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
2742 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2743 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
2745 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
2748 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
2751 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
2752 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
2753 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
2754 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
2756 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
2757 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
2758 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
2759 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
2760 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
2761 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
2762 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
2764 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
2773 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
2776 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2777 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2779 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
2781 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
2782 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2784 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2785 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2786 o->op_flags |= flags;
2788 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
2789 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2792 return fold_constants(o);
2796 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
2799 /* List constructors */
2802 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
2804 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
2805 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
2806 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
2807 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
2808 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
2809 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
2815 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2823 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
2824 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
2826 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2829 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2830 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
2832 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2833 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
2835 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
2840 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
2842 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
2843 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
2844 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
2845 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
2846 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
2847 the other is returned unchanged.
2853 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2861 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2862 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
2864 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2865 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
2867 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
2868 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
2869 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
2872 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
2873 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
2875 while (mp->mad_next)
2877 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
2880 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
2883 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
2884 last->op_madprop = 0;
2887 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
2893 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
2895 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
2896 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
2897 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
2898 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
2899 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
2900 the other is returned unchanged.
2906 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2914 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
2915 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
2916 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
2917 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
2918 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2919 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2922 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
2923 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
2924 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2926 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
2927 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
2929 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2933 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2941 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
2944 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
2945 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
2946 tk->tk_type = 12345;
2948 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
2953 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
2955 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
2957 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
2959 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
2964 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
2969 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
2971 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
2972 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2973 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
2980 /* faked up qw list? */
2982 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
2983 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
2990 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2991 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2992 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2993 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2995 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3009 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3010 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3020 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3029 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3030 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3031 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3032 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3034 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3041 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3044 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3050 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3059 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3060 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3061 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3062 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3064 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3071 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3074 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3078 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3079 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3085 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3103 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3107 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3111 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3132 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3134 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3136 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3140 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3142 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3145 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3146 mp->mad_type = type;
3148 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3153 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3155 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3159 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3160 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3161 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3162 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3166 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3169 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3170 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3173 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3176 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3179 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3185 =head1 Optree construction
3187 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3189 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3190 empty list expression.
3196 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3198 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3202 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3204 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3205 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3211 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3213 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3214 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3215 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3216 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3217 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3223 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3228 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3230 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3232 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3233 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3236 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3240 else if (!first && last)
3243 first->op_sibling = last;
3244 listop->op_first = first;
3245 listop->op_last = last;
3246 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3247 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3248 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3249 listop->op_first = pushop;
3250 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3252 listop->op_last = pushop;
3255 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3259 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3261 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3262 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3263 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3270 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3275 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3276 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3277 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3278 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3280 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3281 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3282 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3283 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3285 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3289 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3290 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3292 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3293 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3294 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3298 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3300 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3301 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3302 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3303 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3304 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3305 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3306 of the constructed op tree.
3312 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3317 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3318 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3319 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3320 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3321 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3322 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3323 || type == OP_NULL );
3326 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3327 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3328 first = force_list(first);
3330 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3331 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3332 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3333 unop->op_first = first;
3334 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3335 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3336 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3340 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
3344 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3346 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3347 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3348 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3349 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3350 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3351 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3352 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3358 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3363 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3364 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3366 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3369 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3371 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3372 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3373 binop->op_first = first;
3374 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3377 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3380 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3381 first->op_sibling = last;
3384 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3385 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3388 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3390 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
3393 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3394 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3395 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3396 __attribute__pure__;
3397 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3399 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3401 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3403 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3405 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3411 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3414 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3417 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3418 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3420 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3423 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3424 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3428 register short *tbl;
3430 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3431 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3432 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3435 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3437 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3440 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3443 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3445 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3446 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3448 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3449 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3463 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3464 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3467 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3471 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3474 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3476 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3480 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3481 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3482 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3483 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3487 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3490 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3492 transv = newSVpvs("");
3494 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3496 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3498 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3502 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3506 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3507 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3509 diff = val - nextmin;
3511 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3512 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3514 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3515 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3516 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3517 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3524 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3525 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3527 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3528 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3530 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3531 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3532 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3533 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3537 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3538 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3541 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3542 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3544 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3548 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3549 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3550 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3551 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3553 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3555 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3562 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3563 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3565 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3567 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3569 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3578 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3582 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3583 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3584 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3591 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3592 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3594 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3595 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3597 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3601 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3602 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3605 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3606 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3608 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3609 max = rfirst + diff;
3611 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3612 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3624 else if (max > 0xff)
3629 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3630 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3632 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
3634 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3635 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3636 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3638 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
3640 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3642 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3643 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3645 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3646 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
3647 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3650 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3656 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3657 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3665 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3667 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3668 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3670 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3672 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3681 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3691 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3693 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
3698 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
3699 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
3700 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
3702 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
3703 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
3704 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
3708 if (!rlen && !del) {
3711 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3713 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
3714 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3716 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
3718 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
3719 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3721 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
3727 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
3728 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3735 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
3736 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
3737 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
3738 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
3742 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3744 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3745 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3755 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3757 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
3758 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
3759 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
3765 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3770 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
3772 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
3773 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3774 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3775 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3776 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3778 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
3779 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
3780 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) {
3781 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
3783 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES)) && (PL_hints & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) {
3784 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
3786 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
3787 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
3788 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
3790 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
3791 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
3792 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
3794 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
3795 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
3801 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
3802 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
3803 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
3804 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
3805 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
3806 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
3808 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
3810 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
3812 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
3813 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
3814 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
3816 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
3817 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
3818 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
3819 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
3823 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
3826 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
3827 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
3828 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
3831 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
3832 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
3833 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
3834 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
3835 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
3839 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
3844 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
3848 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
3851 o->op_type == OP_SUBST
3852 || o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR
3854 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
3856 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
3857 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
3858 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
3859 kid = kid->op_sibling;
3860 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
3861 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
3864 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3865 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
3867 /* convert single element list to element */
3868 OP* const oe = expr;
3869 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
3870 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
3871 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
3875 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
3876 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
3879 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
3883 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3886 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3887 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3888 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
3890 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3891 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
3894 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
3895 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
3896 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
3897 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
3898 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
3899 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
3901 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
3902 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
3905 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
3908 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
3914 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
3915 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
3917 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
3919 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3920 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
3921 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
3922 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
3923 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
3924 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
3925 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
3926 rcop->op_private = 1;
3929 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
3931 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
3932 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
3934 /* establish postfix order */
3935 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
3937 rcop->op_next = expr;
3938 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3941 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
3942 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3945 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
3950 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
3952 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
3953 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
3955 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
3959 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3960 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
3961 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
3962 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
3963 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
3964 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
3966 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
3969 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
3971 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
3972 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
3973 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
3974 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
3975 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
3978 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
3979 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
3980 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
3981 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
3985 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
3986 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
3996 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
3998 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
3999 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4002 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4003 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4005 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4006 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4007 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4008 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4009 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4010 rcop->op_private = 1;
4013 /* establish postfix order */
4014 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4015 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4017 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4018 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4019 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4028 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4030 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4031 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4032 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4033 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4039 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4044 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4046 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4047 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4048 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4050 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4051 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4052 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4054 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4055 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4056 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4058 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4059 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4060 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4066 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4068 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4069 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4070 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4071 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4074 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4080 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4085 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4087 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4088 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4089 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4091 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4092 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4093 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4094 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4095 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4096 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4099 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4100 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4101 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4103 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4104 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4105 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4108 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4111 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4113 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4114 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4115 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4116 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4123 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4127 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4131 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4133 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4138 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4140 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4141 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4142 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4143 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4144 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4150 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4155 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4156 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4158 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4159 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4160 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4162 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4163 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4164 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4166 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4167 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4168 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4176 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4179 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4184 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4186 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
4187 save_item(PL_curstname);
4189 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
4191 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4193 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4194 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4195 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4200 if (!PL_madskills) {
4205 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4206 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4212 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4215 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4216 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4217 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4218 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4219 PL_hints = savehints;
4228 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4235 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4237 SV *use_version = NULL;
4239 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4241 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4242 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4245 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4250 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4253 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4254 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4261 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4262 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4264 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4265 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4267 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4268 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4269 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4270 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4271 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4272 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4276 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4277 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4279 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4280 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4282 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4283 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4285 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4287 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
4293 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
4295 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4296 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4298 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
4300 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
4301 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4302 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4303 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
4304 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4307 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
4309 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
4312 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4313 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4314 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
4315 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
4316 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
4319 /* If we request a version >= 5.9.5, load feature.pm with the
4320 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
4321 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
4323 if (vcmp(use_version,
4324 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.009005), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4325 SV *const importsv = vnormal(use_version);
4326 *SvPVX_mutable(importsv) = ':';
4327 ENTER_with_name("load_feature");
4328 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ 0, newSVpvs("feature"), NULL, importsv, NULL);
4329 LEAVE_with_name("load_feature");
4331 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
4332 if (vcmp(use_version,
4333 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4334 PL_hints |= (HINT_STRICT_REFS | HINT_STRICT_SUBS | HINT_STRICT_VARS);
4338 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
4339 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
4340 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
4341 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
4342 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
4343 * filesystems the script will stop working.
4345 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
4346 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
4347 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
4348 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
4350 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
4351 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
4352 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
4355 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4356 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4357 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4358 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
4359 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
4363 if (!PL_madskills) {
4364 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
4373 =head1 Embedding Functions
4375 =for apidoc load_module
4377 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
4378 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
4379 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
4380 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
4381 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
4382 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
4383 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
4384 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
4385 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
4386 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
4387 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
4388 import list is required.
4393 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
4399 va_start(args, ver);
4400 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4404 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4406 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4410 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
4411 va_start(args, ver);
4412 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4418 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
4422 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
4424 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
4426 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
4428 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
4432 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
4433 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
4435 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
4436 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
4441 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4443 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
4444 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4448 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
4449 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
4450 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
4451 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
4452 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
4455 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
4456 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
4457 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
4458 veop, modname, imop);
4463 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
4469 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
4471 if (!force_builtin) {
4472 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
4473 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
4474 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
4475 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
4479 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
4480 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
4481 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
4482 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
4483 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
4486 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
4492 =head1 Optree construction
4494 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
4496 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
4497 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
4498 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
4499 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4500 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
4501 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
4502 constructed op tree.
4508 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
4510 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
4511 list(force_list(subscript)),
4512 list(force_list(listval)) );
4516 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
4524 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
4525 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
4527 flags = o->op_flags;
4529 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
4530 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
4531 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
4536 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
4540 if (type == OP_LIST &&
4541 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
4542 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4545 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
4546 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
4547 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
4550 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
4553 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
4560 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newASSIGNOP|I32 flags|OP *left|I32 optype|OP *right
4562 Constructs, checks, and returns an assignment op. I<left> and I<right>
4563 supply the parameters of the assignment; they are consumed by this
4564 function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4566 If I<optype> is C<OP_ANDASSIGN>, C<OP_ORASSIGN>, or C<OP_DORASSIGN>, then
4567 a suitable conditional optree is constructed. If I<optype> is the opcode
4568 of a binary operator, such as C<OP_BIT_OR>, then an op is constructed that
4569 performs the binary operation and assigns the result to the left argument.
4570 Either way, if I<optype> is non-zero then I<flags> has no effect.
4572 If I<optype> is zero, then a plain scalar or list assignment is
4573 constructed. Which type of assignment it is is automatically determined.
4574 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
4575 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
4576 of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4583 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
4589 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
4590 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
4591 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype),
4592 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
4595 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
4596 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
4600 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
4601 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
4602 " in list context currently forbidden";
4604 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
4607 /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
4608 /* Only simple assignments like C<< ($[) = 1 >> are allowed */
4609 PL_eval_start = (left->op_type == OP_CONST) ? right : NULL;
4610 left = op_lvalue(left, OP_AASSIGN);
4613 else if (left->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4614 deprecate("assignment to $[");
4616 /* Result of assignment is always 1 (or we'd be dead already) */
4617 return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
4619 curop = list(force_list(left));
4620 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
4621 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4623 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
4624 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
4626 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
4627 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
4629 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4630 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4631 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4632 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4633 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
4634 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
4636 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4637 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
4638 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
4641 /* Each state variable in
4642 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4644 yyerror(no_list_state);
4646 /* Each my variable in
4647 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4649 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
4650 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
4651 /* undef may be interesting in
4652 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
4654 /* Other ops in the list. */
4655 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
4657 lop = lop->op_sibling;
4660 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4661 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
4662 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
4663 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
4664 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
4666 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV) maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
4667 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4668 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
4678 yyerror(no_list_state);
4682 /* PL_generation sorcery:
4683 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
4684 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
4685 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
4686 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
4687 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
4688 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
4689 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
4690 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
4691 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
4692 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
4693 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
4696 if (maybe_common_vars) {
4699 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4700 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4701 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4702 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4704 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4706 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4708 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4709 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4710 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4711 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4713 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
4714 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
4716 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
4719 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4721 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4722 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4723 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4724 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4725 if (lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
4728 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
4730 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
4731 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
4733 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4735 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4739 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
4742 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4744 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4754 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
4757 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
4758 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
4759 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
4760 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
4761 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
4762 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
4763 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
4765 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
4766 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
4768 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4770 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4774 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4775 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
4776 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
4778 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4779 = MUTABLE_GV(cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv);
4780 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
4782 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
4783 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
4784 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
4785 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
4786 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
4787 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
4788 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
4789 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
4794 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
4795 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
4797 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
4798 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == 0)
4799 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
4807 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
4808 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
4809 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
4810 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN),
4814 PL_eval_start = right; /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
4815 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
4816 scalar(right), op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
4820 if (!PL_madskills) { /* assignment to $[ is ignored when making a mad dump */
4821 deprecate("assignment to $[");
4823 o = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(CopARYBASE_get(&PL_compiling)));
4824 o->op_private |= OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4832 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSTATEOP|I32 flags|char *label|OP *o
4834 Constructs a state op (COP). The state op is normally a C<nextstate> op,
4835 but will be a C<dbstate> op if debugging is enabled for currently-compiled
4836 code. The state op is populated from L</PL_curcop> (or L</PL_compiling>).
4837 If I<label> is non-null, it supplies the name of a label to attach to
4838 the state op; this function takes ownership of the memory pointed at by
4839 I<label>, and will free it. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4842 If I<o> is null, the state op is returned. Otherwise the state op is
4843 combined with I<o> into a C<lineseq> list op, which is returned. I<o>
4844 is consumed by this function and becomes part of the returned op tree.
4850 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)