3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
42 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
43 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
46 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
53 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
54 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
58 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
60 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
61 * this is a dirhandle.
63 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
64 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
65 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
68 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
70 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
74 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
75 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
76 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
77 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
78 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
79 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
93 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
95 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
96 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
100 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
155 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
156 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
157 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
161 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
174 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
175 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
176 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
181 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
182 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
183 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
195 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
196 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
198 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
199 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvGV(cv);
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) unshare_hek(hek);
237 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
238 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
243 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
244 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
247 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
251 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
254 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
256 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
261 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
262 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
264 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
268 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
270 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
271 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
272 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by SvSetSV. Converting
273 any scalar that is SvOK() may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
274 for perl's internal use.
276 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
278 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
280 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
281 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
282 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
283 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
284 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
286 C<flags> can be set to SVf_UTF8 if C<name> is a UTF8 string, or
287 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
288 GV_ADDMULTI flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
289 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
293 The old form of gv_init_pvn(). It does not work with UTF8 strings, as it
294 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
295 GV_ADDMULTI flag will be passed to gv_init_pvn().
297 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
299 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
300 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
302 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
304 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
305 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
311 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
315 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
316 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
319 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
323 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
326 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
330 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
333 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
334 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
335 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
336 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
338 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
339 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
340 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
341 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
344 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
347 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
348 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
354 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
362 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
363 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
365 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
373 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
378 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
381 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
382 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
383 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
384 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
388 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
389 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
390 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
392 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
393 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
394 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
395 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
396 from a reference to CV. */
397 if (exported_constant)
398 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
399 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
404 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
405 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
406 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
412 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
414 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
426 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
434 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
435 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
442 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
445 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
446 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
448 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
449 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
450 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
452 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
453 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
454 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
455 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
460 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
461 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
462 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
463 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
464 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
465 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp: case KEY_CORE :
466 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
467 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
468 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
469 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
470 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
471 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
472 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
473 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
474 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
475 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
476 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
477 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
478 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
479 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
480 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
481 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
484 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
485 case KEY_each : case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec : case KEY_exists:
491 case KEY_splice: case KEY_split:
494 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
501 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
506 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
507 oldparser = PL_parser;
508 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
509 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
510 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
512 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
516 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
518 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
521 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
523 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
525 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
527 (void)gv_fetchfile(file);
528 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
529 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
530 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
531 it this order as we need an op number before calling
533 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
535 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
541 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
542 compiling after a syntax error */
543 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_flags(
544 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
549 : newSVpvn(name,len),
554 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
555 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
556 && opnum != OP_UNDEF)
557 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
560 PL_parser = oldparser;
561 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
562 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
565 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
567 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
569 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
576 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
578 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
580 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
582 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
583 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
589 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
593 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
594 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
597 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
601 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
603 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
604 instead of a string/length pair.
610 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
613 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
617 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
619 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
620 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
621 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
623 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
624 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
625 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
626 up caching info for this glob.
628 The only significant values for C<flags> are GV_SUPER and SVf_UTF8.
630 GV_SUPER indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
634 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
635 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
636 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
637 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
642 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
645 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
652 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
653 GV* candidate = NULL;
657 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
660 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
662 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
664 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
666 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
667 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
673 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
675 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
680 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
681 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",name,hvname) );
683 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
685 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
686 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super) HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super = newHV();
687 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super;
689 else cachestash = stash;
691 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
692 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cachestash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,
698 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
699 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
700 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
701 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
702 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
706 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
707 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
708 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
713 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
714 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
717 else if (stash == cachestash
718 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
719 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
720 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
724 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
725 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
726 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
728 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
730 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
733 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
734 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
736 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
742 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
744 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
745 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
746 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
748 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
754 else candidate = *gvp;
757 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
758 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
759 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
761 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
762 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
763 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
765 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
766 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
767 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
768 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
769 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
770 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
776 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
777 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
778 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(NULL, name, len, 1, flags &~GV_SUPER);
780 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
781 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
782 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
783 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
784 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
785 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
786 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
792 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
793 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
794 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
801 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
803 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
806 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
808 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
809 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
815 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
819 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
820 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
823 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
827 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
829 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
830 instead of a string/length pair.
836 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
838 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
839 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
843 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
845 Same as gv_fetchmeth_pvn(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
846 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
848 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
849 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
850 of the result may be zero.
852 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
858 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
860 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
862 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
869 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
870 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
872 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
875 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
877 /* Have an autoload */
878 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
879 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
880 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
881 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
890 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
892 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
893 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
894 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
897 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
898 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
899 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
900 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
901 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
903 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
904 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
905 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
906 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
907 created via a side effect to do this.
909 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
910 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
911 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
912 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
918 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
920 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
922 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
926 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
930 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
931 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
934 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
938 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
940 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
941 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
944 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
947 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
951 const char *nsplit = NULL;
954 const char * const origname = name;
955 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
956 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
957 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
958 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
962 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
965 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
966 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
967 the error reporting code. */
970 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
975 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
981 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
982 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
983 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
985 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
986 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
988 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
989 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
990 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
991 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
992 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
995 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
996 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1001 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1003 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1004 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1006 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1007 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1009 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1010 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1013 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1014 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1015 * require it first instead of croaking */
1016 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1017 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1018 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1019 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1020 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1022 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1023 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1028 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1029 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1030 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1031 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1037 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1038 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1040 packnamesv = error_report;
1044 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1045 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1046 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1047 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1048 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1052 else if (autoload) {
1053 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1054 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1062 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1065 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1066 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1067 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1068 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1078 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1082 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1083 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1086 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1090 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1092 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1093 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1097 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1105 SV *packname = NULL;
1106 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1108 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1110 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1113 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1114 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1115 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1116 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1117 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1121 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1122 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1124 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, is_utf8)))
1128 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1132 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1135 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1136 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1138 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1139 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1140 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1142 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1145 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1146 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1147 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1149 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1150 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1151 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1152 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1153 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1156 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1157 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1158 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1159 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1160 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1161 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1162 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1164 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1165 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1167 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1168 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1169 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1171 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1174 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1175 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1176 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1178 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1180 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1181 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1183 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1184 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1188 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1192 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1198 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1199 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1200 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1201 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1203 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1204 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1208 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1209 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1210 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1214 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1215 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1216 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1217 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1218 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1219 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1220 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1223 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1231 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1232 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1234 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1235 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1236 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1237 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1238 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1239 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1240 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1241 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1244 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1247 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1249 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1251 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1252 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1253 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1254 so save it. For the moment it's always
1256 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1262 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1263 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1265 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1267 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1268 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1269 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1270 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1271 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1274 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(namesv);
1279 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1281 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1282 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1288 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1290 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1291 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1295 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1297 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1298 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1299 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1300 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1301 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
1304 Flags may be one of:
1313 The most important of which are probably GV_ADD and SVf_UTF8.
1319 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1325 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1327 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1329 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1332 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1333 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1334 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1335 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1336 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1337 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1341 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1342 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1344 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1345 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1347 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1348 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1349 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1350 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1351 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1357 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1359 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
1365 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1368 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
1370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1372 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags | SvUTF8(sv));
1377 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1378 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1379 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1383 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1385 const char * const nambeg =
1386 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1387 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1388 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1392 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1396 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1400 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1405 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
1406 const svtype sv_type)
1409 const char *name = nambeg;
1413 const char *name_cursor;
1415 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
1416 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
1417 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
1418 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1419 bool addmg = !!(flags & GV_ADDMG);
1420 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1421 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1424 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
1426 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
1427 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
1432 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1433 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1437 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1438 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1439 ((*name_cursor == ':'
1440 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1441 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1444 stash = PL_defstash;
1445 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1448 len = name_cursor - name;
1449 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1451 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1456 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
1457 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
1458 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1459 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1462 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, key, is_utf8 ? -len : len, add);
1463 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1464 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1465 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1466 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, key, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1472 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1475 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1477 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1478 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1479 if (GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash && len == 6
1480 && strnEQ(name, "CORE", 4))
1481 hv_name_set(stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1484 stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1486 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1487 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1488 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(gv))->xhv_name_count)
1489 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, gv, 1);
1492 else if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1493 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1496 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1498 name = name_cursor+1;
1499 if (name == name_end)
1501 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1504 len = name_cursor - name;
1506 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1510 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)) {
1511 bool global = FALSE;
1519 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1520 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1521 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1525 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1530 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1531 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1535 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1536 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1537 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1541 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1542 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1549 stash = PL_defstash;
1550 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1551 stash = PL_curstash;
1552 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1553 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1554 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1555 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1556 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1557 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1558 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1560 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,0);
1562 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1563 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1567 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1568 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1569 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1571 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1573 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1574 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1575 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1576 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1577 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1580 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1581 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1582 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1589 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1592 stash = PL_defstash;
1595 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1598 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1599 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1600 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1601 "\" requires explicit package name",
1602 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1603 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1604 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1605 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1610 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1612 /* symbol table under destruction */
1621 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1624 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,add);
1625 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1626 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
1629 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
1630 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
1633 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1636 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
1637 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
1638 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
1639 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
1640 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
1641 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
1642 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1644 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1645 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1646 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1647 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
1648 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
1649 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1650 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
1652 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1655 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
1658 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1660 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
1662 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
1666 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
1670 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1677 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
1678 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
1679 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
1680 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1683 } else if (no_init) {
1686 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1691 /* Adding a new symbol.
1692 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1693 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1695 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1696 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1698 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1700 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
1701 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1702 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
1703 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
1704 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1706 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)
1707 && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1710 /* set up magic where warranted */
1711 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1712 /* We only have to check for three names here: EXPORT, ISA
1713 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1714 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1716 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1719 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1723 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1724 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1727 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1733 goto add_magical_gv;
1736 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1737 /* Avoid null warning: */
1738 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1739 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1740 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1747 /* Nothing else to do.
1748 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1749 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1750 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1754 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1757 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1758 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1760 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1765 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1769 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1770 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1774 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1777 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1778 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1779 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1780 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1782 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1783 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1784 use didn't clean up fully because
1785 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1786 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1787 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1788 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1789 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1790 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1791 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1792 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1796 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1797 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1798 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1800 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1805 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1808 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1809 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1812 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1813 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1816 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1817 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1820 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1821 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1824 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1825 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1827 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1828 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1831 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1832 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1835 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1836 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1839 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1840 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1842 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1844 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1847 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1848 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1861 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1863 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1864 const char *end = name + len;
1865 while (--end > name) {
1866 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) goto add_magical_gv;
1873 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1874 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1879 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
1881 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1882 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1883 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1884 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1886 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
1890 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
1891 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1897 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1901 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1902 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1908 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1910 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1912 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1913 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1915 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1917 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1923 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1925 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1926 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1928 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1929 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1931 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1934 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1936 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1938 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1945 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
1946 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1947 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1948 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1950 case '\010': /* $^H */
1952 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1953 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1957 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1958 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
1959 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1960 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1963 else goto magicalize;
1965 case '\023': /* $^S */
1967 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1992 case '\001': /* $^A */
1993 case '\003': /* $^C */
1994 case '\004': /* $^D */
1995 case '\005': /* $^E */
1996 case '\006': /* $^F */
1997 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1998 case '\016': /* $^N */
1999 case '\017': /* $^O */
2000 case '\020': /* $^P */
2001 case '\024': /* $^T */
2002 case '\027': /* $^W */
2004 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2007 case '\014': /* $^L */
2008 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2011 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2015 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2016 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2017 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2018 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2019 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2023 case '\026': /* $^V */
2025 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2026 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2027 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2035 if (GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv) || (
2036 GvSV(gv) && (SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)))
2038 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2039 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv), gv = NULL;
2041 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2046 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2049 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2051 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2053 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2055 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2056 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2057 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2058 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2062 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2063 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2067 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2069 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2071 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2073 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2077 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2082 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2084 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2086 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2088 /* SvIsCOW is unused on HVs, so we can use it to mark stashes we
2089 are currently searching through recursively. */
2091 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2094 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2095 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2097 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash && !SvIsCOW(hv))
2098 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2100 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2101 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2103 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2104 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2107 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2108 /* set file name for warning */
2109 CopFILE_setn(PL_curcop, file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)));
2110 SvREFCNT_dec(CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
2111 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2112 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2113 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2114 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2115 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2123 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2126 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2127 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2129 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2130 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2135 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2138 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2146 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2147 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2148 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2149 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2158 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2164 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2166 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2167 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2168 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2169 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2172 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
2173 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2180 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2182 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2183 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2184 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2185 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2186 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2187 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2188 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2190 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2199 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2203 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2204 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2205 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2206 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2207 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n", hvname_hek));
2208 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek)
2209 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HEK_KEY(hvname_hek),
2210 (HEK_UTF8(hvname_hek) ? -HEK_LEN(hvname_hek) : HEK_LEN(hvname_hek)),
2218 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2224 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2226 if (--attempts == 0) {
2228 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2229 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2239 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2241 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2242 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2244 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2246 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2248 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2249 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2251 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2252 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2259 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2261 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2262 * 0 if there is no overload
2263 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2267 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2270 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2272 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2275 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2277 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2279 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2280 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2281 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2283 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2286 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2289 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2290 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2297 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2299 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2300 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2301 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2306 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2309 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2311 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2314 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2315 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2316 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2317 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2318 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2319 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2326 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2327 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2328 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2329 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2330 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2332 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2333 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2334 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2335 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2336 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2337 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2338 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2339 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2340 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2341 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2343 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
2344 if(GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")){
2345 const char * const hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2346 if (hvname && HEK_LEN(HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))) == 8
2347 && strEQ(hvname, "overload")) {
2348 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2349 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2350 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2352 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2354 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2355 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2356 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2357 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2358 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2360 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2365 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2367 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2368 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2369 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2370 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2371 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2372 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2380 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2383 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2384 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2385 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2387 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2388 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2391 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2394 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2395 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2396 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2400 /* Here we have no table: */
2402 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2403 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2404 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2410 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2416 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2418 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2421 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2422 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2424 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2427 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2429 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2432 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2433 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2435 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2436 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2437 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2438 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2439 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2440 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2441 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2442 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2454 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2455 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2457 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2459 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2463 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2467 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2471 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2472 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2473 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2478 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2479 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2489 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2495 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2496 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2499 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2501 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2502 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2506 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2509 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2510 SV* const right = TOPs;
2516 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2517 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2518 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0));
2520 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2527 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2528 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2538 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2539 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2541 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2544 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2545 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2547 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2550 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2552 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2554 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2560 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2565 while (SvAMAGIC(ref) &&
2566 (tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2567 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2569 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2570 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2571 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2576 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2580 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2582 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2584 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2586 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2587 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2589 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2590 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2591 * masked by overloading.pm */
2593 const int offset = method / 8;
2594 const int bit = method % 8;
2595 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2597 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2598 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2605 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
2610 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
2611 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
2612 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
2613 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
2614 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
2615 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
2616 int use_default_op = 0;
2617 int force_scalar = 0;
2623 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
2625 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
2626 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
2629 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
2630 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2631 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2632 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2633 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2635 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2636 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2642 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
2643 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
2645 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
2648 /* look for substituted methods */
2649 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
2653 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
2654 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
2655 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2660 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
2661 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
2662 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2666 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2669 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2672 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2675 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
2676 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
2677 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2684 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
2687 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
2688 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
2690 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
2691 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
2693 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
2694 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
2695 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
2696 delegate to the stash. */
2697 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
2703 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
2704 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
2705 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2707 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2708 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
2709 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
2711 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2712 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
2713 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
2716 if (off==subtr_amg) {
2727 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
2729 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2734 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2735 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2738 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2746 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2751 if (!cv) goto not_found;
2752 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
2753 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2754 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2755 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2756 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2758 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
2761 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
2762 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
2763 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2764 /* We look for substitution for
2765 * comparison operations and
2767 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2768 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2769 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2791 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2795 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2805 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2813 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2816 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2817 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2818 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2819 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2820 } else if ((use_default_op =
2821 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
2822 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
2824 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2828 if (off==-1) off=method;
2829 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2830 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
2831 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2832 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2834 "in overloaded package ":
2835 "has no overloaded magic",
2837 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
2840 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2843 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2845 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
2846 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
2847 if (use_default_op) {
2848 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
2850 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2854 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2859 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
2860 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
2861 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
2862 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
2868 if (off == subtr_amg)
2871 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
2872 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
2873 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
2874 * assigned to the proper variable later */
2891 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
2895 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
2896 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
2897 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
2905 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
2906 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
2907 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
2917 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2918 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
2920 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2922 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2923 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2924 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2925 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2926 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2927 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2928 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
2929 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2932 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2933 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2934 * version of copy operator
2936 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2937 * a) Assignment form was called.
2938 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2939 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2940 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2941 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2942 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2944 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2945 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2947 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2948 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2951 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2952 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2954 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
2955 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2958 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
2959 * information by hand */
2960 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
2962 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
2963 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
2965 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
2973 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2975 int gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
2978 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2979 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2980 myop.op_next = NULL;
2981 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
2985 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
2988 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
2989 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
2994 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2998 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3001 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3002 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3003 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3005 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3007 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3008 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3009 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3010 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3012 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3013 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3015 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3019 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3023 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3027 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3028 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3031 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3034 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3035 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3036 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3038 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3050 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3057 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3060 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3063 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3066 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3069 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3072 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3075 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3077 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3082 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3084 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3086 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3094 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3099 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3102 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3104 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3105 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3108 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3109 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3113 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3115 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3116 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3117 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3118 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3119 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3120 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3121 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3123 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3125 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3126 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3127 more compactly represents the same thing.
3133 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3139 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3141 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3143 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3145 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3146 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3147 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3148 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3149 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3150 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3152 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3154 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3155 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3157 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3158 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3164 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3165 (void)hv_delete(stash, HEK_KEY(gvnhek),
3166 HEK_UTF8(gvnhek) ? -HEK_LEN(gvnhek) : HEK_LEN(gvnhek), G_DISCARD);
3167 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv &&
3168 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3169 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3170 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3171 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3172 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3173 (gvp = hv_fetch(stash, HEK_KEY(namehek),
3174 HEK_LEN(namehek)*(HEK_UTF8(namehek) ? -1 : 1), 0)) &&
3176 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3177 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3181 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3182 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3183 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3184 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3191 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3194 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3200 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3202 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3205 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: