4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
106 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
107 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
108 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
110 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
112 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
113 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
114 # include <sys/mman.h>
117 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
118 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
122 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
126 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
127 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
128 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
129 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
131 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
132 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
133 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
134 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
136 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
139 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
140 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
142 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
143 perror("mmap failed");
148 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
153 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
154 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
155 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
156 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
158 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
159 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
160 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
161 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
163 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
165 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
166 /* We remember this slab. */
167 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
168 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
169 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
170 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
173 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
174 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
176 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
177 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
178 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
179 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
180 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
181 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
184 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
186 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
187 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
188 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
189 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
191 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
192 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
193 and a warn handler has an eval */
198 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
202 void *const start = slabs[count];
203 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
204 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
205 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
206 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
214 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
216 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
217 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
221 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
222 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
224 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
225 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
226 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
231 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
242 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
244 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
249 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
253 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
255 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
256 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
257 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
258 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
259 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
262 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
264 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
267 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
268 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
269 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
272 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
274 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
275 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
276 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
278 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
279 PL_slab_count, count));
280 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
281 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
283 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
284 perror("munmap failed");
292 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
294 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
301 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
302 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
304 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
305 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
306 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
309 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
311 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
313 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
315 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
316 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
320 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
322 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
326 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
327 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
331 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
333 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
335 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
341 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS;
345 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
350 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
352 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS;
354 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
359 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
361 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE;
363 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
364 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
368 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
373 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
374 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
375 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
377 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
380 /* "register" allocation */
383 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
387 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
391 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
392 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
395 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
397 assert(strlen(name) == len);
399 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
403 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
404 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
406 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
407 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
408 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
409 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
410 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
412 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
413 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
417 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
419 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
420 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
421 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
422 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
423 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
425 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
426 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
430 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
431 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
433 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
434 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
439 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
440 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
443 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
445 if (o->op_latefree) {
453 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
455 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
461 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
468 if (o->op_latefreed) {
475 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
486 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
489 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
490 we maintain for reset(). */
491 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
501 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
502 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
506 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
507 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
508 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
509 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
514 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
518 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
519 * numbers etc even after null() */
520 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE
521 || (type == OP_NULL /* the COP might have been null'ed */
522 && ((OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
523 || (OPCODE)o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE))) {
528 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
531 if (o->op_latefree) {
537 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
544 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
552 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
557 switch (o->op_type) {
558 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
559 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
560 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
565 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
569 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
570 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
577 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
582 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
583 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
584 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
585 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
586 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
587 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
588 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
589 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
590 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
591 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
592 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
593 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
594 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
595 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
596 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
599 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
601 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
602 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
603 * may still exist on the pad */
604 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
605 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
608 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
609 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
612 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
615 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
619 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
622 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
623 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
626 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
627 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
628 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
629 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
632 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
641 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
646 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
648 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
649 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
650 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
653 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
654 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
658 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
659 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
663 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
667 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
668 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
669 * exist on the pad */
670 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
673 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
679 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
680 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
681 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
682 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
683 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
684 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
685 * happen before sv_clean_all
688 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
689 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
690 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
691 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
692 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
696 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
697 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
703 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
704 pad_free(o->op_targ);
710 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
716 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
717 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
718 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
722 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
728 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
732 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
733 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
735 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
736 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
741 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
742 array[i] = array[--count];
743 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
744 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
745 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
748 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
765 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
769 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
770 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
772 switch (kid->op_type) {
777 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
779 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
780 kid = kid->op_sibling;
786 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
790 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
792 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
796 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
797 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
798 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
802 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
810 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
817 /* Contextualizers */
820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
822 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
823 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
824 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
831 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
833 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
835 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
836 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
837 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
839 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context");
845 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
847 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
848 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
849 not be called directly.
855 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
864 /* establish postfix order */
865 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
868 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
871 if (kid->op_sibling) {
872 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
873 kid = kid->op_sibling;
887 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
889 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
891 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
898 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
902 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
904 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
905 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
906 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
907 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
909 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
910 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
911 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
912 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
919 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
924 /* assumes no premature commitment */
925 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
926 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
927 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
932 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
934 switch (o->op_type) {
936 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
941 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
951 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
952 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
958 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
960 kid = kid->op_sibling;
963 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
964 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
970 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
975 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
978 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
985 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
989 const char* useless = NULL;
993 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
995 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
997 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
999 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1002 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1003 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1004 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1010 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1011 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1012 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1013 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1014 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1016 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1017 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1018 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1019 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1020 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1025 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1026 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1028 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1031 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1033 switch (o->op_type) {
1035 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1039 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1043 if (o->op_private == 4)
1068 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1087 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1088 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1093 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1117 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1118 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1119 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1123 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1124 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1126 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1128 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1130 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1134 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1135 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1136 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1139 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1143 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1144 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1148 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1155 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1156 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1157 useless = "a variable";
1162 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1163 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1165 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1167 SV* msv = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1168 "a constant (%"SVf")", sv));
1169 useless = SvPV_nolen(msv);
1172 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1173 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1175 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1176 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1177 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1179 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1180 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1181 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1182 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1184 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1185 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1186 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1187 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1188 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1189 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1190 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1191 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1192 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1193 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1194 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1199 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1203 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1204 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1208 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1209 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1213 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1214 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1218 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1219 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1224 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1225 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1226 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1228 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1230 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1232 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1233 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1242 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1247 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1254 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1265 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1275 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1280 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1282 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1284 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1291 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1296 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1297 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1298 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1299 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1304 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1305 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1307 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1310 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1312 switch (o->op_type) {
1315 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1320 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1328 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1330 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1331 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1332 return gen_constant_list(o);
1339 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1341 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1344 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1345 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1351 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1355 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1362 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1366 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1368 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1369 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1372 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1373 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1377 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1379 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1380 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1381 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1384 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1389 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1391 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1393 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1394 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1400 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1402 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1403 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1404 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1405 the tree thread-safe.
1410 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1412 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1415 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1423 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1427 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1429 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1430 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1432 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1433 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1434 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1435 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1436 finalize_op(prop_op);
1443 switch (o->op_type) {
1446 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1450 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1451 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1453 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1454 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1455 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1456 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1457 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1458 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1459 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1460 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1461 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1462 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1469 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1470 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1471 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1472 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1473 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1474 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1475 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1476 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1483 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1484 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1488 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1489 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1490 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1491 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1492 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1493 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1494 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1495 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1497 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1498 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1499 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1500 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1501 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1503 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1504 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1505 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1506 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1507 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1508 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1509 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1511 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1512 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1513 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1516 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1517 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1518 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1519 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1520 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1522 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1533 const char *key = NULL;
1536 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1539 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1540 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1541 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1542 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1543 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1544 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1545 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1551 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1554 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1555 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1557 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1558 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1560 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1561 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1563 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1564 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1565 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1566 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1567 "in variable %s of type %s",
1568 key, SvPV_nolen_const(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1580 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1582 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1583 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1584 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1585 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1587 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1588 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1590 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1591 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1592 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1594 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1595 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1596 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1598 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1604 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1605 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1607 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1608 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1610 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1611 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1612 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1613 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1614 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1615 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1617 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1618 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1619 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1620 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1621 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%s\" "
1622 "in variable %s of type %s",
1623 key, SvPV_nolen(lexname), HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(lexname)));
1629 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1630 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1637 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1639 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1645 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1647 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1648 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1649 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1650 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1653 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1654 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1655 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1657 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1658 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1664 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1668 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1671 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1674 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1675 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1680 switch (o->op_type) {
1686 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1689 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1690 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1691 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1695 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1696 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1698 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1701 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1704 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1708 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1709 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1710 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1711 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1712 poses, so we need it clear. */
1713 o->op_private &= ~1;
1714 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1715 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1716 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1719 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1721 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1722 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1723 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1724 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1725 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1726 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1727 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1730 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1731 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1735 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1736 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1738 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1739 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1740 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1741 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1743 while (kid->op_sibling)
1744 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1745 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1747 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1748 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1752 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1753 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1754 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1755 newop->op_first = NULL;
1756 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1757 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1758 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1759 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1763 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1765 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1766 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1767 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1768 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1769 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1773 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1774 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1775 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1776 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1778 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1779 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1780 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1781 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1782 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1784 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1785 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1786 kid->op_next = okid;
1789 okid->op_next = NULL;
1790 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1792 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1793 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1794 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1798 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1808 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
1809 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1810 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
1811 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1813 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1814 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1816 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1817 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1819 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1833 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1842 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1849 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1850 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1855 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1856 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1857 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1861 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1863 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1867 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1868 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1874 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1877 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1878 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1879 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1883 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1887 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1896 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1903 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1904 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1905 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1906 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1908 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1909 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1913 if (!type) /* local() */
1914 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
1915 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
1924 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1928 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1934 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1935 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1936 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1937 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1938 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1939 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1940 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1945 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1946 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1947 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1948 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1949 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1950 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1960 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1961 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1966 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1968 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1970 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1971 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1977 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1978 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1982 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1984 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1987 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1988 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1990 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1991 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
1994 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1995 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1997 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
1998 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
1999 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2002 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2003 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2004 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2009 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2010 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2013 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2014 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2015 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2020 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2022 assert(o || type != OP_SASSIGN);
2026 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2050 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2071 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2073 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2075 switch (o->op_type) {
2083 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2096 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2098 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2100 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2107 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2112 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2114 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2117 switch (o->op_type) {
2119 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2120 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2121 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2122 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2123 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2124 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2125 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2126 o->op_private &= ~1;
2128 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2129 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DEREF;
2130 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2136 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2137 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2140 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2141 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2142 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2145 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2146 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2147 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2149 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2156 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2159 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2160 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2161 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2167 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2172 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2174 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2178 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2179 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2180 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2181 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2183 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2193 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2195 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2205 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2210 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2212 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2213 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2214 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2216 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2217 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2219 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2223 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2225 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2226 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2227 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2228 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2229 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2236 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2241 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2243 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2244 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2245 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2247 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2248 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2251 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2252 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2253 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2254 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2256 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2257 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2260 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2261 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2263 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2264 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2265 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2266 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2268 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2274 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2277 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2280 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2285 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2286 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2287 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2289 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2290 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2292 /* Need package name for method call. */
2293 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2295 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2296 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2298 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2299 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2300 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2301 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2302 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2303 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2304 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2305 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2307 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2308 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2309 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2310 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2311 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2312 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2313 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
2315 /* Combine the ops. */
2316 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2320 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2322 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2323 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2324 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2325 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2326 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2327 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2328 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2329 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2330 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2331 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2337 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2338 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2345 len = strlen(attrstr);
2349 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2351 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2352 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2353 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2354 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2355 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2359 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2360 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2361 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2362 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2363 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2364 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2365 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2370 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2374 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2376 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2378 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2382 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2383 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2387 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2389 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2390 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2391 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
2397 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2399 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2400 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2401 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2403 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2405 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2407 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2408 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2409 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2410 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2411 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2412 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2413 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2416 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2419 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2422 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2424 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2426 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2428 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2431 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2434 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2435 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2437 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2438 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2440 stash = PL_curstash;
2441 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2443 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2444 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2446 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2451 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2455 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2457 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2459 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2460 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2462 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2472 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2474 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2475 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2476 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2479 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2480 which will mess up list assignment. */
2481 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2482 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2483 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2485 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2486 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2489 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2492 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2493 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2498 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2500 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2502 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2507 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2511 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2512 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2514 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2516 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2517 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2519 const char * const desc
2521 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2522 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2524 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2525 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2526 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2527 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2528 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2529 desc, sample, sample);
2532 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2533 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2534 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2536 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2539 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2540 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2542 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2543 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2544 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2546 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2547 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2548 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2549 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2550 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2552 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2554 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2557 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2558 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2559 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2560 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2561 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2562 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2563 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2566 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2567 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2569 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2571 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2575 return bind_match(type, left,
2576 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2580 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2584 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2588 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2590 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2591 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2592 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2593 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2594 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2595 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2602 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2606 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2607 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2608 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2609 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2611 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2613 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2614 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2615 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2616 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2619 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2620 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2622 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2627 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2633 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2636 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2638 pad_block_start(full);
2640 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2641 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2642 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2644 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2650 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2653 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2654 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2656 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2659 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2661 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2664 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2670 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2672 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2674 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2675 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2681 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2683 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2685 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2692 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2693 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2694 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2697 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2698 o->op_targ = offset;
2704 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2708 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2714 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2715 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2716 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2718 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2719 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2721 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2722 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2723 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2726 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2728 /* don't use LINKLIST, since PL_eval_root might indirect through
2729 * a rather expensive function call and LINKLIST evaluates its
2730 * argument more than once */
2731 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2732 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2733 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2734 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2735 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2736 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2740 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2741 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2743 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2746 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2747 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2748 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2749 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2750 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2751 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2752 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2753 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2756 /* Register with debugger */
2758 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2762 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2764 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2771 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2775 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2777 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2778 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2779 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2786 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2787 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2788 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2790 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2793 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2794 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2798 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2799 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2802 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2804 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2810 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2811 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2812 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2814 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2816 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2826 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2827 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2828 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2833 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2835 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
2837 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2839 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2840 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2846 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2849 register OP * VOL curop;
2851 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2856 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2857 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2861 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
2863 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2865 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2866 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2868 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2869 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2870 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2871 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2872 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2874 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2877 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2882 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2883 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2895 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2896 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2901 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2902 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2904 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2905 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2906 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2908 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2910 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2916 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2917 old_next = o->op_next;
2921 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2922 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2924 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
2925 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
2926 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
2927 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
2928 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
2929 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
2930 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
2931 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2938 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2939 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
2941 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
2942 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
2943 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
2946 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2949 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2950 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2955 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2956 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2958 o->op_next = old_next;
2962 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
2963 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2964 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2965 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
2966 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
2967 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
2970 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2971 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2972 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2974 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
2975 delete_eval_scope();
2984 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
2985 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
2987 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
2988 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
2996 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3000 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3003 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3004 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3006 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3009 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3012 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3013 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3014 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3015 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3017 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3018 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3019 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3020 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3021 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3022 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3023 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3025 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3034 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3037 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3038 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3040 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3042 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3043 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3045 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3046 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3047 o->op_flags |= flags;
3049 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3050 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3053 return fold_constants(o);
3057 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3060 /* List constructors */
3063 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3065 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3066 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3067 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3068 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3069 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3070 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3076 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3084 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3085 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3087 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3090 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3091 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3093 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3094 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3096 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3101 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3103 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3104 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3105 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3106 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3107 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3108 the other is returned unchanged.
3114 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3122 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3123 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3125 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3126 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3128 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3129 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3130 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3133 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3134 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3136 while (mp->mad_next)
3138 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3141 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3144 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3145 last->op_madprop = 0;
3148 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3154 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3156 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3157 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3158 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3159 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3160 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3161 the other is returned unchanged.
3167 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3175 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3176 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3177 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3178 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3179 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3180 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3183 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3184 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3185 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3187 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3188 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3190 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3194 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3202 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3205 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3206 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3207 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3209 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3214 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3216 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3218 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3220 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3225 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3230 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3232 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3233 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3234 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3241 /* faked up qw list? */
3243 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3244 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3251 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3252 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3253 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3254 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3256 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3270 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3271 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3281 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3290 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3291 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3292 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3293 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3295 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3302 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3305 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3311 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3320 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3321 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3322 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3323 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3325 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3332 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3335 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3339 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3340 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3346 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3364 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3368 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3372 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3393 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3395 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3397 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3401 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3403 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3406 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3407 mp->mad_type = type;
3409 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3414 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3416 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3420 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3421 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3422 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3423 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3427 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3430 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3431 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3434 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3437 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3440 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3446 =head1 Optree construction
3448 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3450 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3451 empty list expression.
3457 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3459 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3463 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3465 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3466 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3472 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3474 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3475 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3476 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3477 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3478 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3484 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3489 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3491 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3493 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3494 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3497 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3501 else if (!first && last)
3504 first->op_sibling = last;
3505 listop->op_first = first;
3506 listop->op_last = last;
3507 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3508 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3509 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3510 listop->op_first = pushop;
3511 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3513 listop->op_last = pushop;
3516 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3520 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3522 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3523 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3524 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3531 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3536 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3537 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3538 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3539 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3541 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3542 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3543 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3544 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3546 o->op_latefreed = 0;
3550 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3551 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3553 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3554 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3555 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3559 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3561 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3562 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3563 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3564 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3565 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3566 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3567 of the constructed op tree.
3573 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3578 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3579 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3580 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3581 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3582 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3583 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3584 || type == OP_NULL );
3587 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3588 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3589 first = force_list(first);
3591 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3592 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3593 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3594 unop->op_first = first;
3595 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3596 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3597 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3601 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
3605 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3607 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3608 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3609 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3610 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3611 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3612 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3613 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3619 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3624 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3625 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3627 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3630 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3632 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3633 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3634 binop->op_first = first;
3635 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3638 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3641 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3642 first->op_sibling = last;
3645 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3646 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3649 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3651 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
3654 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3655 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3656 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3657 __attribute__pure__;
3658 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3660 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3662 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3664 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3666 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3672 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3675 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3678 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3679 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3681 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3684 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3685 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3689 register short *tbl;
3691 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3692 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3693 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3696 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3698 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3701 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3704 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3706 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3707 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3709 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3710 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3724 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3725 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3728 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3732 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3735 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3737 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3741 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3742 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3743 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3744 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3748 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3751 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3753 transv = newSVpvs("");
3755 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3757 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3759 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3763 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3767 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3768 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3770 diff = val - nextmin;
3772 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3773 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3775 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3776 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3777 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3778 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3785 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3786 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3788 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3789 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3791 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
3792 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3793 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3794 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3798 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3799 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3802 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3803 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3805 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3809 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3810 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3811 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3812 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3814 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3816 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3823 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3824 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3826 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3828 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3830 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3839 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3843 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3844 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3845 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3852 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3853 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3855 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3856 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3858 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3862 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3863 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3866 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3867 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3869 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3870 max = rfirst + diff;
3872 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3873 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3885 else if (max > 0xff)
3890 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3891 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3893 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
3895 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3896 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3897 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3899 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
3901 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3903 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3904 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3906 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3907 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
3908 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3911 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3917 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3918 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3926 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3928 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3929 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3931 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3933 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3942 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3952 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3954 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
3959 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
3960 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
3961 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
3963 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
3964 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
3965 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
3969 if (!rlen && !del) {
3972 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3974 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
3975 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3977 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
3979 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
3980 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3982 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
3988 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
3989 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3996 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
3997 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
3998 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
3999 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4003 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4005 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4006 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4016 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4018 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4019 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4020 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4026 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4031 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4033 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4034 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4035 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4036 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4037 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4039 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4040 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4041 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE) {
4042 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4044 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES)) && (PL_hints & HINT_UNI_8_BIT)) {
4045 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4047 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4048 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4049 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4051 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4052 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4053 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4055 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4056 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4062 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4063 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4064 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4065 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4066 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4067 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4069 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4071 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4073 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4074 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4075 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4077 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4078 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4079 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4080 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4084 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4087 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4088 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4089 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4092 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4093 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4094 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4095 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4096 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4100 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
4105 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4112 o->op_type == OP_SUBST
4113 || o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR
4115 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4117 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4118 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4119 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4120 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4121 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4122 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4125 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
4126 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
4128 /* convert single element list to element */
4129 OP* const oe = expr;
4130 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
4131 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4132 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4136 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR) {
4137 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4140 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4144 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4147 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4148 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4149 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4151 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4152 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4155 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
4156 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
4157 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
4158 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
4159 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
4160 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
4162 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
4163 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
4166 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
4169 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4175 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
4176 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
4178 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4180 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4181 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4182 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4183 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4184 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4185 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4186 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4187 rcop->op_private = 1;
4190 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
4192 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4193 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4195 /* establish postfix order */
4196 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
4198 rcop->op_next = expr;
4199 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4202 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4203 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4206 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4211 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4213 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4214 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4216 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4220 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4221 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4222 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4223 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4224 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4225 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4227 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4230 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4232 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4233 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4234 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4235 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4236 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4239 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4240 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4241 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4242 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4246 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4247 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4257 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4259 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4260 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4263 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4264 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4266 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4267 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4268 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4269 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4270 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4271 rcop->op_private = 1;
4274 /* establish postfix order */
4275 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4276 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4278 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4279 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4280 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4289 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4291 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4292 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4293 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4294 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4300 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4305 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4307 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4308 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4309 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4311 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4312 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4313 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4315 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4316 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4317 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4319 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4320 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4321 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4327 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4329 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4330 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4331 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4332 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4335 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4341 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4346 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4348 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4349 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4350 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4352 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4353 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4354 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4355 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4356 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4357 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4360 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4361 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4362 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4364 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4365 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4366 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4369 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4372 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4374 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4375 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4376 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4377 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4384 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4392 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4394 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4399 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4401 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4402 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4403 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4404 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4405 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4411 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4416 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4417 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4419 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4420 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4421 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4423 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4424 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4425 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4427 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4428 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4429 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4437 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4440 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4445 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4447 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
4448 save_item(PL_curstname);
4450 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
4452 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4454 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4455 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4456 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4461 if (!PL_madskills) {
4466 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4467 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
4473 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
4476 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
4477 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
4478 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
4479 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
4480 PL_hints = savehints;
4489 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
4496 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
4498 SV *use_version = NULL;
4500 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
4502 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
4503 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
4506 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
4511 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
4514 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
4515 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
4522 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
4523 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
4525 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4526 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4528 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
4529 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
4530 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4531 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4532 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
4533 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4537 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
4538 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
4540 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
4541 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
4543 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
4544 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
4546 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
4548 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
4554 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
4556 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
4557 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
4559 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
4561 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
4562 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
4563 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
4564 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
4565 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
4568 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
4570 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
4573 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4574 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
4575 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
4576 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
4577 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
4580 /* If we request a version >= 5.9.5, load feature.pm with the
4581 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
4582 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
4584 if (vcmp(use_version,
4585 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.009005), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4586 SV *const importsv = vnormal(use_version);
4587 *SvPVX_mutable(importsv) = ':';
4588 ENTER_with_name("load_feature");
4589 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ 0, newSVpvs("feature"), NULL, importsv, NULL);
4590 LEAVE_with_name("load_feature");
4592 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
4593 if (vcmp(use_version,
4594 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
4595 PL_hints |= (HINT_STRICT_REFS | HINT_STRICT_SUBS | HINT_STRICT_VARS);
4599 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
4600 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
4601 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
4602 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
4603 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
4604 * filesystems the script will stop working.
4606 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
4607 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
4608 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
4609 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
4611 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
4612 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
4613 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
4616 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4617 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4618 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4619 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
4620 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
4624 if (!PL_madskills) {
4625 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
4634 =head1 Embedding Functions
4636 =for apidoc load_module
4638 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
4639 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
4640 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
4641 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
4642 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
4643 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
4644 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
4645 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
4646 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
4647 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
4648 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
4649 import list is required.
4654 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
4660 va_start(args, ver);
4661 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4665 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4667 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
4671 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
4672 va_start(args, ver);
4673 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
4679 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
4683 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
4685 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
4687 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
4689 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
4693 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
4694 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
4696 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
4697 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
4702 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4704 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
4705 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
4709 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
4710 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
4711 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
4712 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
4713 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
4716 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
4717 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
4718 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
4719 veop, modname, imop);
4724 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
4730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
4732 if (!force_builtin) {
4733 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
4734 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
4735 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
4736 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
4740 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
4741 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
4742 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
4743 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
4744 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
4747 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
4753 =head1 Optree construction
4755 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
4757 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
4758 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
4759 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
4760 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
4761 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
4762 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
4763 constructed op tree.
4769 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
4771 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
4772 list(force_list(subscript)),
4773 list(force_list(listval)) );
4777 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
4785 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
4786 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
4788 flags = o->op_flags;
4790 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
4791 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
4792 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
4797 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
4801 if (type == OP_LIST &&
4802 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
4803 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4806 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
4807 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
4808 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
4811 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
4814 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
4821 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
4822 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
4823 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
4825 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
4826 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
4829 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
4830 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4831 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4832 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4834 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4836 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4838 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4839 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4840 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4841 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4843 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
4844 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
4846 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
4849 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4851 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4852 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4853 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4854 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4855 if (cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
4858 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
4860 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
4861 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
4863 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4865 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4869 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;