3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
397 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
398 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
400 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
408 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
413 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
416 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
417 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
418 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
419 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
420 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
421 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
422 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
424 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
425 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
426 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
429 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
437 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
438 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
439 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
441 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
442 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
443 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
444 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
445 from a reference to CV. */
446 if (exported_constant)
447 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
448 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
453 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
454 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
455 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
461 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
463 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
475 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
483 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
484 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
491 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
494 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
495 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
497 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
498 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
499 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
501 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
502 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
503 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
504 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
509 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
510 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
511 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
512 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
513 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
514 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
515 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
516 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
517 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
518 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
519 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
520 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
521 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
522 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
523 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
524 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
525 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
526 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
527 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
528 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
529 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
530 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
533 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
534 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
539 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
544 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
549 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
550 oldparser = PL_parser;
551 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
552 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
553 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
555 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
559 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
561 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
565 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
568 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
570 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
571 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
572 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
573 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
574 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
575 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
576 it this order as we need an op number before calling
578 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
580 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
586 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
587 compiling after a syntax error */
588 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
589 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
594 : newSVpvn(name,len),
599 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
600 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
601 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
602 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
605 PL_parser = oldparser;
606 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
607 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
610 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
612 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
614 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
621 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
623 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
625 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
627 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
628 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
634 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
638 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
639 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
640 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
641 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
642 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
643 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
647 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
649 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
650 instead of a string/length pair.
656 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
659 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
663 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
665 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
666 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
667 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
669 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
670 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
671 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
672 up caching info for this glob.
674 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
676 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
680 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
681 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
682 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
683 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
688 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
690 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
691 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
698 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
699 GV* candidate = NULL;
703 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
706 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
708 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
710 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
711 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
717 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
719 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
722 assert(name || meth);
724 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
725 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
726 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
728 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
730 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
731 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
732 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
733 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
735 else cachestash = stash;
737 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
739 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
741 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
748 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
751 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
752 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
754 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
755 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
756 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
760 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
761 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
762 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
767 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
768 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
771 else if (stash == cachestash
772 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
773 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
774 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
778 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
779 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
780 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
782 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
784 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
787 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
788 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
790 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
796 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
798 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
799 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
800 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
802 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
808 else candidate = *gvp;
811 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
812 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
813 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
815 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
816 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
817 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
819 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
820 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
821 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
822 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
823 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
824 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
830 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
831 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
832 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
835 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
836 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
837 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
838 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
839 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
840 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
841 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
847 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
848 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
849 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
859 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
863 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
865 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
870 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
871 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
877 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
882 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
885 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
889 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
891 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
892 instead of a string/length pair.
898 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
900 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
901 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
905 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
907 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
908 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
910 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
911 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
912 of the result may be zero.
914 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
920 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
922 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
924 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
931 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
932 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
934 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
937 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
939 /* Have an autoload */
940 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
941 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
942 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
943 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
952 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
954 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
955 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
956 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
959 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
960 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
961 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
962 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
963 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
965 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
966 as a prefix of the method name. Note
967 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
968 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
969 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
970 created as a side effect to do this.
972 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
973 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
974 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
980 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
984 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
988 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
993 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
996 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1000 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1002 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1003 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1006 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
1009 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1012 const char *nsplit = NULL;
1015 const char * const origname = name;
1016 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1017 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1018 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1019 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1021 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1023 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1026 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
1027 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1028 the error reporting code. */
1031 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
1032 if (*nend == '\'') {
1036 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
1042 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
1043 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1044 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1046 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1047 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1049 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
1050 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
1051 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1052 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
1053 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1056 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1057 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1062 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1064 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1065 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1067 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1068 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1070 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1071 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1074 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1075 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1076 * require it first instead of croaking */
1077 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1078 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1079 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1080 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1081 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1083 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1084 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1089 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1090 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1091 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1092 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1098 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1099 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1101 packnamesv = error_report;
1105 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1106 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1107 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1108 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1109 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1113 else if (autoload) {
1114 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1115 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1119 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1123 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1126 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1127 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1128 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1129 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1139 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1143 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1144 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1147 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1151 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1154 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1158 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1165 SV *packname = NULL;
1166 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1168 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1170 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1173 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1174 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1175 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1176 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1177 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1181 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1182 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1184 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1185 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1189 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1193 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1196 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1197 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1199 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1200 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1201 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1203 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1206 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1207 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1208 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1210 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1211 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1212 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1213 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1214 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1217 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1218 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1219 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1220 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1221 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1222 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1223 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1225 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1226 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1228 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1229 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1230 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1232 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1235 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1236 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1237 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1239 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1241 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1242 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1244 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1245 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1249 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1253 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1259 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1260 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1261 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1262 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1264 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1265 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1269 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1270 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1271 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1275 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1276 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1277 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1278 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1279 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1280 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1281 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1284 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1292 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1293 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1295 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1296 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1297 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1298 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1299 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1300 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1301 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1302 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1305 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1307 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1311 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1312 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1313 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1314 so save it. For the moment it's always
1316 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1324 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1325 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1326 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1328 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1329 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1330 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1331 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1332 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1335 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(namesv);
1340 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1342 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1343 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1349 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1351 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1352 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1356 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1358 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1359 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1360 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1361 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1362 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1365 Flags may be one of:
1374 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1376 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1377 recommended for performance reasons.
1383 gv_stashpvn_internal
1385 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1386 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1390 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1391 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1397 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1399 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1401 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1404 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1405 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1406 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1407 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1408 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1409 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1411 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1413 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1414 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1416 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1417 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1419 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1420 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1421 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1422 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1423 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1429 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1431 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1432 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gc_stashsv>.
1434 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1436 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1438 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1442 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1443 assert(namesv || name)
1445 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1446 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1451 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1453 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1454 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1455 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1458 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1459 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1462 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1464 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1466 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1468 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1471 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1473 if (stash && namelen) {
1474 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1475 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1476 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1483 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1486 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1490 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1492 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1495 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1502 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1505 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1510 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1511 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1512 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1516 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1518 const char * const nambeg =
1519 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1520 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1521 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1524 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1525 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1529 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1533 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1537 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1538 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1540 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1541 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1543 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1544 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1545 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1546 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1548 const char *name_cursor;
1549 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1550 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1554 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1555 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1559 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1560 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1561 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1562 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1565 *stash = PL_defstash;
1566 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1569 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1570 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1573 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1579 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1580 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1581 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1582 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1585 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1586 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1587 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1588 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1589 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1595 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1598 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1599 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1600 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1601 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1602 && strnEQ(*name, "CORE", 4))
1603 hv_name_set(*stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1606 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1608 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1609 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1610 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1611 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1614 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1615 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1618 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1620 *name = name_cursor+1;
1621 if (*name == name_end) {
1623 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1628 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1632 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1633 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1634 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1636 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1638 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1639 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1640 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1641 * like INC or STDOUT.
1649 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1650 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1651 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1655 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1660 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1661 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1665 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1666 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1667 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1671 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1672 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1678 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1686 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1687 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1688 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1690 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1691 * which might happen during global destruction.
1693 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1694 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1695 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1696 const svtype sv_type)
1698 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1700 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1702 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1703 *stash = PL_defstash;
1706 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1707 *stash = PL_curstash;
1708 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1709 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1710 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1711 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1712 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1713 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1714 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1716 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1717 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1718 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1722 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1723 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1724 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1726 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1728 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1729 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1730 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1731 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1732 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1735 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1736 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1737 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1744 /* Use the current op's stash */
1745 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1750 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1752 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1753 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1754 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1755 "declare \"my %s%"UTF8f"\"?)",
1756 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1757 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1758 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1759 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1760 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1761 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1762 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1763 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1764 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1765 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1766 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1767 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1769 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1771 /* symbol table under destruction */
1780 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1786 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1787 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1789 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1790 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1792 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1794 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1795 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1796 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1799 * The return value has a specific meaning for gv_fetchpvn_flags:
1800 * If it returns true, and the gv is empty, it indicates that its
1801 * refcount should be decreased.
1803 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1804 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1805 bool addmg, const svtype sv_type)
1809 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1811 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1812 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1813 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1814 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1816 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1819 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1823 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1824 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1827 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1832 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1841 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1842 /* Avoid null warning: */
1843 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1844 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1845 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1852 /* Nothing else to do.
1853 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1854 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1855 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1856 platforms, we can't just do:
1857 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1858 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1859 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1860 would make them larger than 'V')
1865 const char * name2 = name + 1;
1868 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1869 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1871 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1876 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1880 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1881 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1885 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1888 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1889 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1890 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1891 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1893 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1894 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1895 use didn't clean up fully because
1896 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1897 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1898 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1899 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1900 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1901 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1902 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1903 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1907 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1908 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1909 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1911 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1916 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1919 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1920 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1923 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1924 if (*name2 == '_') {
1927 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1930 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1931 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1934 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1935 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1938 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1939 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH")) {
1940 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
1944 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1945 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1948 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1949 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH")) {
1950 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
1953 if (strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH")) {
1954 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
1958 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1959 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1962 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1963 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1965 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1967 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1970 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1971 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1974 else if (strEQ(name2, "IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
1988 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1991 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
1993 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
1994 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2000 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2001 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2004 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2007 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2010 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2012 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2014 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2015 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2016 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2017 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2019 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2023 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2024 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2037 paren = *name - '0';
2040 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2041 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2042 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2046 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2050 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2051 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2057 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2059 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2061 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
2062 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2064 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
2071 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2073 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2074 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
2076 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2077 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2079 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2082 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2084 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
2092 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2093 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2094 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2095 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2097 case '\010': /* $^H */
2099 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2100 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2104 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2105 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2106 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
2109 else goto magicalize;
2111 case '\023': /* $^S */
2113 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2129 case '\001': /* $^A */
2130 case '\003': /* $^C */
2131 case '\004': /* $^D */
2132 case '\005': /* $^E */
2133 case '\006': /* $^F */
2134 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2135 case '\016': /* $^N */
2136 case '\017': /* $^O */
2137 case '\020': /* $^P */
2138 case '\024': /* $^T */
2139 case '\027': /* $^W */
2141 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2144 case '\014': /* $^L */
2145 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2148 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2152 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2153 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2154 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2155 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2156 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2160 case '\026': /* $^V */
2162 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2163 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2164 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2170 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2178 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2179 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2180 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2182 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2183 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2184 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2185 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2188 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2189 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2191 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2193 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2195 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
2196 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2197 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
2198 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2199 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2200 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2201 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2203 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2206 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2209 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
2211 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2213 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2217 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2221 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2230 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2231 const svtype sv_type)
2233 const char *name = nambeg;
2238 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2239 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2240 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2241 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2242 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2243 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2246 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2248 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2249 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2250 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2251 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2253 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2256 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2257 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2263 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2267 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2268 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2269 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2270 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2273 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2274 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2277 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2278 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2279 * anything else with it before that.
2282 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2283 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2284 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2285 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2286 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2287 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2288 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2291 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2292 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2293 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2294 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2295 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2296 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2297 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2299 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2300 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
2301 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2302 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2305 } else if (no_init) {
2309 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2310 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2311 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2312 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2315 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2320 /* Adding a new symbol.
2321 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2322 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2324 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2325 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2327 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2329 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2330 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2331 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
2332 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2333 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2335 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2338 /* First, store the gv in the symtab if we're adding magic,
2339 * but only for non-empty GVs
2341 #define GvEMPTY(gv) !(GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) \
2342 || GvCV(gv) || (GvSV(gv) && SvOK(GvSV(gv))))
2344 if ( addmg && !GvEMPTY(gv) ) {
2345 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2348 /* set up magic where warranted */
2349 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, addmg, sv_type) ) {
2352 if ( GvSV(gv) && SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)) ) {
2353 /* The GV was and still is "empty", except that now
2354 * it has the magic flags turned on, so we want it
2355 * stored in the symtab.
2357 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2360 /* Most likely the temporary GV created above */
2361 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2367 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2372 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2375 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2379 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2381 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2382 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2383 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2384 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2388 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2389 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2393 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2395 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2399 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2403 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2404 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2408 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2412 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2417 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2419 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2421 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2422 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2423 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2426 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2427 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2429 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2430 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2432 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2434 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2436 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2438 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2439 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2441 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2442 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2445 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2447 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2449 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2450 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2452 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2453 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2454 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2455 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2456 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2459 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2464 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2466 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2467 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2469 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2470 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2475 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2478 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2485 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2486 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2487 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2488 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2497 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2502 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2504 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2505 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2506 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2507 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2510 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2512 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2520 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2522 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2523 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2524 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2525 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2526 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2527 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2528 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2530 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2539 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2543 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2544 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2545 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2546 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2547 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2548 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2549 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n",
2550 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2551 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2555 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2556 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2557 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2558 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2559 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2560 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2561 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2562 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2563 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2564 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2569 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2572 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2578 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2580 if (--attempts == 0) {
2582 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2583 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2588 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2589 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2595 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2597 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2598 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2600 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2602 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2604 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2605 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2607 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2608 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2615 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2617 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2618 * 0 if there is no overload
2619 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2623 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2625 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2627 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2630 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2632 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2634 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2635 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2636 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2638 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2641 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2644 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2645 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2651 bool deref_seen = 0;
2654 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2656 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2657 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2658 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2663 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2666 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2668 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2671 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2672 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2673 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2674 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2675 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2676 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2683 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2684 /* initially assume the worst */
2685 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2687 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2688 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2689 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2690 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2691 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2693 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2694 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2695 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2696 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2697 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2698 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2699 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2700 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2701 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2702 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2704 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2705 const HEK * const gvhek =
2706 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2707 const HEK * const stashek =
2708 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2709 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2710 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2711 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2712 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2713 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2714 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2716 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2718 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2719 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2720 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2721 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2722 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2724 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2729 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2731 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2732 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2733 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2734 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2735 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2736 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2744 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2746 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2747 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2748 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2750 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2751 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2754 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2770 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2771 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2772 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2773 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2776 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2777 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2778 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2782 /* Here we have no table: */
2784 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2785 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2786 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2792 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2797 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2799 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2802 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2803 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2805 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2808 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2810 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2813 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2814 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2816 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2817 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2818 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2819 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2820 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2821 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2822 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2823 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2835 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2836 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2838 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2840 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2844 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2847 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2851 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2852 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2853 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2855 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2860 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2861 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2871 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2877 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2878 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2881 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2883 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2884 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2888 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2890 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2891 SV* const right = TOPs;
2897 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2898 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2899 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2900 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2902 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2909 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2910 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2920 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2921 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2923 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2926 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2927 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2929 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2932 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2934 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2936 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2942 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2946 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2950 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
2951 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
2952 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2953 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
2956 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2957 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2959 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2960 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2961 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2968 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2972 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2974 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2976 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2978 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2979 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2981 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2982 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2983 * masked by overloading.pm */
2985 const int offset = method / 8;
2986 const int bit = method % 8;
2987 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2989 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2990 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2997 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3002 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3003 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3004 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3005 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3006 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3007 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3008 int use_default_op = 0;
3009 int force_scalar = 0;
3015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3017 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3018 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3021 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3022 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3023 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3024 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3025 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3027 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3028 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3034 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3035 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3037 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3040 /* look for substituted methods */
3041 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3045 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3046 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3047 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3052 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3053 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3054 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3058 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3061 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3064 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3067 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3068 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3069 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3076 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3079 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3080 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3082 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3083 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3085 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3086 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3087 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3088 delegate to the stash. */
3089 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3095 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3096 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3097 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3099 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3100 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3101 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3103 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3104 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3105 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3108 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3119 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3121 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3126 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3127 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3130 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3138 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3143 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3144 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3145 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3146 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3147 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3148 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3150 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3153 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3154 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3155 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3156 /* We look for substitution for
3157 * comparison operations and
3159 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3160 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3161 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3183 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3187 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3197 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3205 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3207 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3208 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3209 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3210 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3211 } else if ((use_default_op =
3212 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3213 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3215 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3219 if (off==-1) off=method;
3220 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3221 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
3222 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3223 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3225 "in overloaded package ":
3226 "has no overloaded magic",
3228 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3231 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3234 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3236 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3237 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3238 if (use_default_op) {
3239 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3241 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3245 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3250 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3251 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3252 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3253 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3259 if (off == subtr_amg)
3262 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3263 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3264 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3265 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3285 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3289 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3290 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3291 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3299 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3300 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3301 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3311 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3312 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
3314 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3316 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3317 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3318 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3319 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3320 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3321 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3322 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3323 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3326 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3327 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3328 * version of copy operator
3330 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3331 * a) Assignment form was called.
3332 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3333 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3334 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3335 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3336 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3338 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3339 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3341 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3342 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3345 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3346 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3348 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3349 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3352 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3353 * information by hand */
3354 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3356 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3357 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3359 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3367 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3369 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3372 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3373 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3374 myop.op_next = NULL;
3375 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3379 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3382 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3383 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3388 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3392 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3395 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3396 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3397 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3398 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3400 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3401 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3402 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3403 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3405 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3406 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3408 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3409 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3410 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3412 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3416 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3420 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3424 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3425 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3428 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3431 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3432 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3433 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3435 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3447 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3454 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3457 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3460 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3463 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3466 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3469 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3472 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3474 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3479 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3481 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3483 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3491 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3496 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3499 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3501 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3502 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3505 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3506 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3510 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3512 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3513 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3514 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3515 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3516 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3517 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3518 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3520 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3522 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3523 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3524 more compactly represents the same thing.
3530 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3536 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3538 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3540 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3542 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3543 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3544 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3545 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3546 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3547 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3549 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3551 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3553 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3554 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3556 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3557 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3563 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3564 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3565 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3566 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3567 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3568 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3569 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3570 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3571 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3573 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3574 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3578 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3580 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3581 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3582 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3583 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3588 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3590 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3592 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3593 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3594 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3595 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3596 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3597 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3598 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3601 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3607 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3610 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3615 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: