3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Very useful, no doubt, that was to Saruman; yet it seems that he was
13 * not content.' --Gandalf to Pippin
15 * [p.598 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
18 /* This file contains assorted utility routines.
19 * Which is a polite way of saying any stuff that people couldn't think of
20 * a better place for. Amongst other things, it includes the warning and
21 * dieing stuff, plus wrappers for malloc code.
25 #define PERL_IN_UTIL_C
29 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
30 #include "perliol.h" /* For PerlIOUnix_refcnt */
36 # define SIG_ERR ((Sighandler_t) -1)
44 /* Missing protos on LynxOS */
49 # include "amigaos4/amigaio.h"
54 # include <sys/select.h>
58 #ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
62 # undef USE_BFD /* BFD is useless in OS X. */
72 # include <execinfo.h>
76 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
77 # include <sys/mman.h>
82 /* NOTE: Do not call the next three routines directly. Use the macros
83 * in handy.h, so that we can easily redefine everything to do tracking of
84 * allocated hunks back to the original New to track down any memory leaks.
85 * XXX This advice seems to be widely ignored :-( --AD August 1996.
88 #if defined (DEBUGGING) || defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined (PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
89 # define ALWAYS_NEED_THX
92 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) && defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
94 S_maybe_protect_rw(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
97 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE))
98 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
99 header, header->size, errno);
103 S_maybe_protect_ro(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
106 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ))
107 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
108 header, header->size, errno);
110 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) S_maybe_protect_rw(aTHX_ foo)
111 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) S_maybe_protect_ro(aTHX_ foo)
113 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) NOOP
114 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) NOOP
117 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
118 /* Use memory_debug_header */
120 # if (defined(PERL_POISON) && defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)) \
121 || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
122 # define MDH_HAS_SIZE
126 /* paranoid version of system's malloc() */
129 Perl_safesysmalloc(MEM_SIZE size)
131 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
137 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
139 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
142 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
143 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: malloc, size=%" UVuf, (UV) size);
145 if (!size) size = 1; /* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
146 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
147 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
148 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
149 perror("mmap failed");
153 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1);
155 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
158 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
159 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
163 PoisonNew(((char *)ptr), size, char);
166 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
167 header->interpreter = aTHX;
168 /* Link us into the list. */
169 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
170 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
171 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
172 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
173 header->next->prev = header;
174 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
175 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
176 header->readonly = 0;
182 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
183 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) malloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
191 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
203 /* paranoid version of system's realloc() */
206 Perl_safesysrealloc(Malloc_t where,MEM_SIZE size)
208 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
212 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
213 const MEM_SIZE oldsize = where
214 ? ((struct perl_memory_debug_header *)((char *)where - PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE))->size
223 ptr = safesysmalloc(size);
227 where = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
228 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
230 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
232 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
233 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where;
235 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
236 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
237 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
238 header->interpreter, aTHX);
240 assert(header->next->prev == header);
241 assert(header->prev->next == header);
243 if (header->size > size) {
244 const MEM_SIZE freed_up = header->size - size;
245 char *start_of_freed = ((char *)where) + size;
246 PoisonFree(start_of_freed, freed_up, char);
256 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
257 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc, size=%" UVuf, (UV)size);
259 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
260 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
261 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
262 perror("mmap failed");
265 Copy(where,ptr,oldsize < size ? oldsize : size,char);
266 if (munmap(where, oldsize)) {
267 perror("munmap failed");
271 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where,size);
273 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
275 /* MUST do this fixup first, before doing ANYTHING else, as anything else
276 might allocate memory/free/move memory, and until we do the fixup, it
277 may well be chasing (and writing to) free memory. */
279 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
280 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
281 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
284 if (header->size < size) {
285 const MEM_SIZE fresh = size - header->size;
286 char *start_of_fresh = ((char *)ptr) + size;
287 PoisonNew(start_of_fresh, fresh, char);
291 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
292 header->next->prev = header;
293 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
294 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
295 header->prev->next = header;
296 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
298 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
301 /* In particular, must do that fixup above before logging anything via
302 *printf(), as it can reallocate memory, which can cause SEGVs. */
304 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) rfree\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
305 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) realloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
312 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
325 /* safe version of system's free() */
328 Perl_safesysfree(Malloc_t where)
330 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
333 DEBUG_m( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) free\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
336 Malloc_t where_intrn = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
338 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
339 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where_intrn;
342 const MEM_SIZE size = header->size;
344 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
345 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
346 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: free from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
347 header->interpreter, aTHX);
350 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: duplicate free");
353 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, header->next==NULL");
354 if (header->next->prev != header || header->prev->next != header) {
355 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, ->next->prev=%p, "
356 "header=%p, ->prev->next=%p",
357 header->next->prev, header,
360 /* Unlink us from the chain. */
361 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
362 header->next->prev = header->prev;
363 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
364 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
365 header->prev->next = header->next;
366 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
367 maybe_protect_rw(header);
369 PoisonNew(where_intrn, size, char);
371 /* Trigger the duplicate free warning. */
374 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
375 if (munmap(where_intrn, size)) {
376 perror("munmap failed");
382 Malloc_t where_intrn = where;
384 #ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
385 PerlMem_free(where_intrn);
390 /* safe version of system's calloc() */
393 Perl_safesyscalloc(MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
395 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
399 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
400 MEM_SIZE total_size = 0;
403 /* Even though calloc() for zero bytes is strange, be robust. */
404 if (size && (count <= MEM_SIZE_MAX / size)) {
405 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
406 total_size = size * count;
412 if (PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE <= MEM_SIZE_MAX - (MEM_SIZE)total_size)
413 total_size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
418 if ((SSize_t)size < 0 || (SSize_t)count < 0)
419 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: calloc, size=%" UVuf ", count=%" UVuf,
420 (UV)size, (UV)count);
422 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
423 if ((ptr = mmap(0, total_size ? total_size : 1, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
424 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
425 perror("mmap failed");
428 #elif defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
429 /* Have to use malloc() because we've added some space for our tracking
431 /* malloc(0) is non-portable. */
432 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(total_size ? total_size : 1);
434 /* Use calloc() because it might save a memset() if the memory is fresh
435 and clean from the OS. */
437 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count, size);
438 else /* calloc(0) is non-portable. */
439 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count ? count : 1, size ? size : 1);
441 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
442 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) calloc %ld x %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)count,(long)total_size));
446 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
447 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
449 # ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
450 memset((void*)ptr, 0, total_size);
452 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
453 header->interpreter = aTHX;
454 /* Link us into the list. */
455 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
456 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
457 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
458 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
459 header->next->prev = header;
460 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
461 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
462 header->readonly = 0;
466 header->size = total_size;
468 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
474 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
483 /* These must be defined when not using Perl's malloc for binary
488 Malloc_t Perl_malloc (MEM_SIZE nbytes)
490 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
493 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(nbytes);
496 Malloc_t Perl_calloc (MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size)
498 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
501 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(elements, size);
504 Malloc_t Perl_realloc (Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes)
506 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
509 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where, nbytes);
512 Free_t Perl_mfree (Malloc_t where)
514 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
522 /* copy a string up to some (non-backslashed) delimiter, if any.
523 * With allow_escape, converts \<delimiter> to <delimiter>, while leaves
524 * \<non-delimiter> as-is.
525 * Returns the position in the src string of the closing delimiter, if
526 * any, or returns fromend otherwise.
527 * This is the internal implementation for Perl_delimcpy and
528 * Perl_delimcpy_no_escape.
532 S_delimcpy_intern(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
533 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen,
534 const bool allow_escape)
538 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
540 for (tolen = 0; from < fromend; from++, tolen++) {
541 if (allow_escape && *from == '\\' && from + 1 < fromend) {
542 if (from[1] != delim) {
549 else if (*from == delim)
561 Perl_delimcpy(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from, const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
565 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 1);
569 Perl_delimcpy_no_escape(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
570 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY_NO_ESCAPE;
574 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 0);
578 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
580 =for apidoc Am|char *|ninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
582 Find the first (leftmost) occurrence of a sequence of bytes within another
583 sequence. This is the Perl version of C<strstr()>, extended to handle
584 arbitrary sequences, potentially containing embedded C<NUL> characters (C<NUL>
585 is what the initial C<n> in the function name stands for; some systems have an
586 equivalent, C<memmem()>, but with a somewhat different API).
588 Another way of thinking about this function is finding a needle in a haystack.
589 C<big> points to the first byte in the haystack. C<big_end> points to one byte
590 beyond the final byte in the haystack. C<little> points to the first byte in
591 the needle. C<little_end> points to one byte beyond the final byte in the
592 needle. All the parameters must be non-C<NULL>.
594 The function returns C<NULL> if there is no occurrence of C<little> within
595 C<big>. If C<little> is the empty string, C<big> is returned.
597 Because this function operates at the byte level, and because of the inherent
598 characteristics of UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC), it will work properly if both the
599 needle and the haystack are strings with the same UTF-8ness, but not if the
607 Perl_ninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
609 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NINSTR;
612 return ninstr(big, bigend, little, lend);
618 const char first = *little;
619 bigend -= lend - little++;
621 while (big <= bigend) {
622 if (*big++ == first) {
624 for (x=big,s=little; s < lend; x++,s++) {
628 return (char*)(big-1);
639 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
641 =for apidoc Am|char *|rninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
643 Like C<L</ninstr>>, but instead finds the final (rightmost) occurrence of a
644 sequence of bytes within another sequence, returning C<NULL> if there is no
652 Perl_rninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
655 const I32 first = *little;
656 const char * const littleend = lend;
658 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RNINSTR;
660 if (little >= littleend)
661 return (char*)bigend;
663 big = bigend - (littleend - little++);
664 while (big >= bigbeg) {
668 for (x=big+2,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
677 return (char*)(big+1);
682 /* As a space optimization, we do not compile tables for strings of length
683 0 and 1, and for strings of length 2 unless FBMcf_TAIL. These are
684 special-cased in fbm_instr().
686 If FBMcf_TAIL, the table is created as if the string has a trailing \n. */
689 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
691 =for apidoc fbm_compile
693 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using C<fbm_instr()>
694 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
700 Perl_fbm_compile(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 flags)
707 PERL_DEB( STRLEN rarest = 0 );
709 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_COMPILE;
711 if (isGV_with_GP(sv) || SvROK(sv))
717 if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL) {
718 MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
719 sv_catpvs(sv, "\n"); /* Taken into account in fbm_instr() */
720 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
723 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvNIOKp(sv))
724 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_mutable(sv, len);
725 else s = (U8 *)SvPV_mutable(sv, len);
726 if (len == 0) /* TAIL might be on a zero-length string. */
728 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
732 /* add PERL_MAGIC_bm magic holding the FBM lookup table */
734 assert(!mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_bm));
735 mg = sv_magicext(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_bm, &PL_vtbl_bm, NULL, 0);
739 /* Shorter strings are special-cased in Perl_fbm_instr(), and don't use
741 const U8 mlen = (len>255) ? 255 : (U8)len;
742 const unsigned char *const sb = s + len - mlen; /* first char (maybe) */
745 Newx(table, 256, U8);
746 memset((void*)table, mlen, 256);
747 mg->mg_ptr = (char *)table;
750 s += len - 1; /* last char */
753 if (table[*s] == mlen)
759 s = (const unsigned char*)(SvPVX_const(sv)); /* deeper magic */
760 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
761 if (PL_freq[s[i]] < frequency) {
762 PERL_DEB( rarest = i );
763 frequency = PL_freq[s[i]];
766 BmUSEFUL(sv) = 100; /* Initial value */
767 ((XPVNV*)SvANY(sv))->xnv_u.xnv_bm_tail = cBOOL(flags & FBMcf_TAIL);
768 DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "rarest char %c at %" UVuf "\n",
769 s[rarest], (UV)rarest));
774 =for apidoc fbm_instr
776 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<big> and
777 C<bigend> (C<bigend>) is the char following the last char).
778 It returns C<NULL> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
779 does not have to be C<fbm_compiled>, but the search will not be as fast
784 If SvTAIL(littlestr) is true, a fake "\n" was appended to to the string
785 during FBM compilation due to FBMcf_TAIL in flags. It indicates that
786 the littlestr must be anchored to the end of bigstr (or to any \n if
789 E.g. The regex compiler would compile /abc/ to a littlestr of "abc",
790 while /abc$/ compiles to "abc\n" with SvTAIL() true.
792 A littlestr of "abc", !SvTAIL matches as /abc/;
793 a littlestr of "ab\n", SvTAIL matches as:
794 without FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n?\z/
795 with FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n/ || /ab\z/;
797 (According to Ilya from 1999; I don't know if this is still true, DAPM 2015):
798 "If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
804 Perl_fbm_instr(pTHX_ unsigned char *big, unsigned char *bigend, SV *littlestr, U32 flags)
808 const unsigned char *little = (const unsigned char *)SvPV_const(littlestr,l);
809 STRLEN littlelen = l;
810 const I32 multiline = flags & FBMrf_MULTILINE;
811 bool valid = SvVALID(littlestr);
812 bool tail = valid ? cBOOL(SvTAIL(littlestr)) : FALSE;
814 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_INSTR;
816 assert(bigend >= big);
818 if ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) < littlelen) {
820 && ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) == littlelen - 1)
822 || (*big == *little &&
823 memEQ((char *)big, (char *)little, littlelen - 1))))
828 switch (littlelen) { /* Special cases for 0, 1 and 2 */
830 return (char*)big; /* Cannot be SvTAIL! */
833 if (tail && !multiline) /* Anchor only! */
834 /* [-1] is safe because we know that bigend != big. */
835 return (char *) (bigend - (bigend[-1] == '\n'));
837 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)big, *little, bigend-big);
841 return (char *) bigend;
845 if (tail && !multiline) {
846 /* a littlestr with SvTAIL must be of the form "X\n" (where X
847 * is a single char). It is anchored, and can only match
848 * "....X\n" or "....X" */
849 if (bigend[-2] == *little && bigend[-1] == '\n')
850 return (char*)bigend - 2;
851 if (bigend[-1] == *little)
852 return (char*)bigend - 1;
857 /* memchr() is likely to be very fast, possibly using whatever
858 * hardware support is available, such as checking a whole
859 * cache line in one instruction.
860 * So for a 2 char pattern, calling memchr() is likely to be
861 * faster than running FBM, or rolling our own. The previous
862 * version of this code was roll-your-own which typically
863 * only needed to read every 2nd char, which was good back in
864 * the day, but no longer.
866 unsigned char c1 = little[0];
867 unsigned char c2 = little[1];
869 /* *** for all this case, bigend points to the last char,
870 * not the trailing \0: this makes the conditions slightly
876 /* do a quick test for c1 before calling memchr();
877 * this avoids the expensive fn call overhead when
878 * there are lots of c1's */
879 if (LIKELY(*s != c1)) {
881 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
888 /* failed; try searching for c2 this time; that way
889 * we don't go pathologically slow when the string
890 * consists mostly of c1's or vice versa.
895 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c2, bigend - s + 1);
903 /* c1, c2 the same */
913 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
914 if (!s || s >= bigend)
921 /* failed to find 2 chars; try anchored match at end without
923 if (tail && bigend[0] == little[0])
924 return (char *)bigend;
929 break; /* Only lengths 0 1 and 2 have special-case code. */
932 if (tail && !multiline) { /* tail anchored? */
933 s = bigend - littlelen;
934 if (s >= big && bigend[-1] == '\n' && *s == *little
935 /* Automatically of length > 2 */
936 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
938 return (char*)s; /* how sweet it is */
941 && memEQ((char*)s + 2, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
943 return (char*)s + 1; /* how sweet it is */
949 /* not compiled; use Perl_ninstr() instead */
950 char * const b = ninstr((char*)big,(char*)bigend,
951 (char*)little, (char*)little + littlelen);
953 assert(!tail); /* valid => FBM; tail only set on SvVALID SVs */
958 if (littlelen > (STRLEN)(bigend - big))
962 const MAGIC *const mg = mg_find(littlestr, PERL_MAGIC_bm);
963 const unsigned char *oldlittle;
967 --littlelen; /* Last char found by table lookup */
970 little += littlelen; /* last char */
973 const unsigned char * const table = (const unsigned char *) mg->mg_ptr;
974 const unsigned char lastc = *little;
978 if ((tmp = table[*s])) {
979 /* *s != lastc; earliest position it could match now is
980 * tmp slots further on */
981 if ((s += tmp) >= bigend)
983 if (LIKELY(*s != lastc)) {
985 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, lastc, bigend - s);
995 /* hand-rolled strncmp(): less expensive than calling the
996 * real function (maybe???) */
998 unsigned char * const olds = s;
1003 if (*--s == *--little)
1005 s = olds + 1; /* here we pay the price for failure */
1007 if (s < bigend) /* fake up continue to outer loop */
1017 && memEQ((char *)(bigend - littlelen),
1018 (char *)(oldlittle - littlelen), littlelen) )
1019 return (char*)bigend - littlelen;
1024 /* copy a string to a safe spot */
1027 =head1 Memory Management
1031 Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
1032 string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
1033 determined by C<strlen()>, which means it may not contain embedded C<NUL>
1034 characters and must have a trailing C<NUL>. The memory allocated for the new
1035 string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1037 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1038 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1039 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpv>>.
1045 Perl_savepv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1047 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1052 const STRLEN pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1053 Newx(newaddr, pvlen, char);
1054 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1058 /* same thing but with a known length */
1063 Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
1064 pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
1065 C<len> bytes from C<pv>, plus a trailing
1066 C<NUL> byte. The memory allocated for
1067 the new string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1069 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1070 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1071 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpvn>>.
1077 Perl_savepvn(pTHX_ const char *pv, I32 len)
1080 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1084 Newx(newaddr,len+1,char);
1085 /* Give a meaning to NULL pointer mainly for the use in sv_magic() */
1087 /* might not be null terminated */
1088 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1089 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1092 return (char *) ZeroD(newaddr,len+1,char);
1097 =for apidoc savesharedpv
1099 A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1100 which is shared between threads.
1105 Perl_savesharedpv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1110 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1115 pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1116 newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(pvlen);
1120 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1124 =for apidoc savesharedpvn
1126 A version of C<savepvn()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1127 which is shared between threads. (With the specific difference that a C<NULL>
1128 pointer is not acceptable)
1133 Perl_savesharedpvn(pTHX_ const char *const pv, const STRLEN len)
1135 char *const newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(len + 1);
1137 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1138 /* PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDPVN; */
1143 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1144 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, len);
1148 =for apidoc savesvpv
1150 A version of C<savepv()>/C<savepvn()> which gets the string to duplicate from
1151 the passed in SV using C<SvPV()>
1153 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1154 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1155 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedsvpv>>.
1161 Perl_savesvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1164 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1167 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESVPV;
1170 Newx(newaddr,len,char);
1171 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1175 =for apidoc savesharedsvpv
1177 A version of C<savesharedpv()> which allocates the duplicate string in
1178 memory which is shared between threads.
1184 Perl_savesharedsvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1187 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1189 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDSVPV;
1191 return savesharedpvn(pv, len);
1194 /* the SV for Perl_form() and mess() is not kept in an arena */
1202 if (PL_phase != PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1203 return newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
1208 /* Create as PVMG now, to avoid any upgrading later */
1210 Newxz(any, 1, XPVMG);
1211 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVt_PVMG;
1212 SvANY(sv) = (void*)any;
1214 SvREFCNT(sv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
1219 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1221 Perl_form_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1226 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM_NOCONTEXT;
1227 va_start(args, pat);
1228 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1232 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1235 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
1238 Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
1239 (non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
1241 (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1243 can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
1245 char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
1247 Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
1248 must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
1255 Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1259 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM;
1260 va_start(args, pat);
1261 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1267 Perl_vform(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1269 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1270 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VFORM;
1271 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1276 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess|const char *pat|...
1278 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1279 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1280 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1281 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1283 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1284 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1290 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1292 Perl_mess_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1297 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_NOCONTEXT;
1298 va_start(args, pat);
1299 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1303 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1306 Perl_mess(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1310 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS;
1311 va_start(args, pat);
1312 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1318 Perl_closest_cop(pTHX_ const COP *cop, const OP *o, const OP *curop,
1321 /* Look for curop starting from o. cop is the last COP we've seen. */
1322 /* opnext means that curop is actually the ->op_next of the op we are
1325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLOSEST_COP;
1327 if (!o || !curop || (
1328 opnext ? o->op_next == curop && o->op_type != OP_SCOPE : o == curop
1332 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1334 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
1337 /* If the OP_NEXTSTATE has been optimised away we can still use it
1338 * the get the file and line number. */
1340 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE)
1341 cop = (const COP *)kid;
1343 /* Keep searching, and return when we've found something. */
1345 new_cop = closest_cop(cop, kid, curop, opnext);
1351 /* Nothing found. */
1357 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess_sv|SV *basemsg|bool consume
1359 Expands a message, intended for the user, to include an indication of
1360 the current location in the code, if the message does not already appear
1363 C<basemsg> is the initial message or object. If it is a reference, it
1364 will be used as-is and will be the result of this function. Otherwise it
1365 is used as a string, and if it already ends with a newline, it is taken
1366 to be complete, and the result of this function will be the same string.
1367 If the message does not end with a newline, then a segment such as C<at
1368 foo.pl line 37> will be appended, and possibly other clauses indicating
1369 the current state of execution. The resulting message will end with a
1372 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1373 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of this
1374 function. If C<consume> is true, then the function is permitted (but not
1375 required) to modify and return C<basemsg> instead of allocating a new SV.
1381 Perl_mess_sv(pTHX_ SV *basemsg, bool consume)
1385 #if defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE) && defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR)
1389 /* The PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_WARN must be an integer of one or more. */
1390 if ((ws = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR"))
1391 && grok_atoUV(ws, &wi, NULL)
1392 && wi <= PERL_INT_MAX
1394 Perl_dump_c_backtrace(aTHX_ Perl_debug_log, (int)wi, 1);
1399 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_SV;
1401 if (SvROK(basemsg)) {
1407 sv_setsv(sv, basemsg);
1412 if (SvPOK(basemsg) && consume) {
1417 sv_copypv(sv, basemsg);
1420 if (!SvCUR(sv) || *(SvEND(sv) - 1) != '\n') {
1422 * Try and find the file and line for PL_op. This will usually be
1423 * PL_curcop, but it might be a cop that has been optimised away. We
1424 * can try to find such a cop by searching through the optree starting
1425 * from the sibling of PL_curcop.
1430 closest_cop(PL_curcop, OpSIBLING(PL_curcop), PL_op, FALSE);
1435 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " at %s line %" IVdf,
1436 OutCopFILE(cop), (IV)CopLINE(cop));
1439 /* Seems that GvIO() can be untrustworthy during global destruction. */
1440 if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv) && (SvTYPE(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)) == SVt_PVIO)
1441 && IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)))
1444 const bool line_mode = (RsSIMPLE(PL_rs) &&
1445 *SvPV_const(PL_rs,l) == '\n' && l == 1);
1446 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ", <%" SVf "> %s %" IVdf,
1447 SVfARG(PL_last_in_gv == PL_argvgv
1449 : sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(PL_last_in_gv)))),
1450 line_mode ? "line" : "chunk",
1451 (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
1453 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1454 sv_catpvs(sv, " during global destruction");
1455 sv_catpvs(sv, ".\n");
1461 =for apidoc Am|SV *|vmess|const char *pat|va_list *args
1463 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1464 argument list, respectively. These are used to generate a string message. If
1466 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1467 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1470 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1471 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1478 Perl_vmess(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1480 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1482 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VMESS;
1484 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1485 return mess_sv(sv, 1);
1489 Perl_write_to_stderr(pTHX_ SV* msv)
1494 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WRITE_TO_STDERR;
1496 if (PL_stderrgv && SvREFCNT(PL_stderrgv)
1497 && (io = GvIO(PL_stderrgv))
1498 && (mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar)))
1499 Perl_magic_methcall(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, SV_CONST(PRINT),
1500 G_SCALAR | G_DISCARD | G_WRITING_TO_STDERR, 1, msv);
1502 PerlIO * const serr = Perl_error_log;
1504 do_print(msv, serr);
1505 (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1510 =head1 Warning and Dieing
1513 /* Common code used in dieing and warning */
1516 S_with_queued_errors(pTHX_ SV *ex)
1518 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WITH_QUEUED_ERRORS;
1519 if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors) && !SvROK(ex)) {
1520 sv_catsv(PL_errors, ex);
1521 ex = sv_mortalcopy(PL_errors);
1522 SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1528 S_invoke_exception_hook(pTHX_ SV *ex, bool warn)
1533 SV **const hook = warn ? &PL_warnhook : &PL_diehook;
1534 /* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() or Perl_warner() */
1535 SV * const oldhook = *hook;
1543 cv = sv_2cv(oldhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1545 if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1555 exarg = newSVsv(ex);
1556 SvREADONLY_on(exarg);
1559 PUSHSTACKi(warn ? PERLSI_WARNHOOK : PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1563 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
1572 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die_sv|SV *baseex
1574 Behaves the same as L</croak_sv>, except for the return type.
1575 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1576 The function never actually returns.
1582 # pragma warning( push )
1583 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1584 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1585 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1586 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1589 Perl_die_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1591 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIE_SV;
1594 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1597 # pragma warning( pop )
1601 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die|const char *pat|...
1603 Behaves the same as L</croak>, except for the return type.
1604 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1605 The function never actually returns.
1610 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1612 # pragma warning( push )
1613 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1614 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1615 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1616 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1619 Perl_die_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1623 va_start(args, pat);
1625 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1627 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1630 # pragma warning( pop )
1632 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1635 # pragma warning( push )
1636 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1637 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1638 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1639 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1642 Perl_die(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1645 va_start(args, pat);
1647 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1649 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1652 # pragma warning( pop )
1656 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_sv|SV *baseex
1658 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1660 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1661 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1662 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1663 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1665 The error message or object will be used as an exception, by default
1666 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1667 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak_sv>
1668 function never returns normally.
1670 To die with a simple string message, the L</croak> function may be
1677 Perl_croak_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1679 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(mess_sv(baseex, 0));
1680 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CROAK_SV;
1681 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1686 =for apidoc Am|void|vcroak|const char *pat|va_list *args
1688 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1690 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1691 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1692 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1693 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1696 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1697 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1698 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1699 function never returns normally.
1701 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1702 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1703 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1704 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1705 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1711 Perl_vcroak(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1713 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(pat ? vmess(pat, args) : mess_sv(ERRSV, 0));
1714 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1719 =for apidoc Am|void|croak|const char *pat|...
1721 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1723 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1724 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1725 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1726 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1728 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1729 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1730 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1731 function never returns normally.
1733 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1734 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1735 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1736 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1737 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1742 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1744 Perl_croak_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1748 va_start(args, pat);
1750 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1753 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1756 Perl_croak(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1759 va_start(args, pat);
1761 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1766 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_no_modify
1768 Exactly equivalent to C<Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", PL_no_modify)>, but generates
1769 terser object code than using C<Perl_croak>. Less code used on exception code
1770 paths reduces CPU cache pressure.
1776 Perl_croak_no_modify(void)
1778 Perl_croak_nocontext( "%s", PL_no_modify);
1781 /* does not return, used in util.c perlio.c and win32.c
1782 This is typically called when malloc returns NULL.
1785 Perl_croak_no_mem(void)
1789 int fd = PerlIO_fileno(Perl_error_log);
1791 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1793 /* Can't use PerlIO to write as it allocates memory */
1794 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, PL_no_mem, sizeof(PL_no_mem)-1));
1799 /* does not return, used only in POPSTACK */
1801 Perl_croak_popstack(void)
1804 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: POPSTACK\n");
1809 =for apidoc Am|void|warn_sv|SV *baseex
1811 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1813 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1814 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1815 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1816 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1818 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1819 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1821 To warn with a simple string message, the L</warn> function may be
1828 Perl_warn_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1830 SV *ex = mess_sv(baseex, 0);
1831 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_SV;
1832 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1833 write_to_stderr(ex);
1837 =for apidoc Am|void|vwarn|const char *pat|va_list *args
1839 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1841 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1842 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1843 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1844 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1847 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1848 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1850 Unlike with L</vcroak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1856 Perl_vwarn(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1858 SV *ex = vmess(pat, args);
1859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARN;
1860 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1861 write_to_stderr(ex);
1865 =for apidoc Am|void|warn|const char *pat|...
1867 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1869 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1870 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1871 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1872 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1874 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1875 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1877 Unlike with L</croak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1882 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1884 Perl_warn_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1888 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_NOCONTEXT;
1889 va_start(args, pat);
1893 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1896 Perl_warn(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1899 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN;
1900 va_start(args, pat);
1905 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1907 Perl_warner_nocontext(U32 err, const char *pat, ...)
1911 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER_NOCONTEXT;
1912 va_start(args, pat);
1913 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1916 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1919 Perl_ck_warner_d(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
1921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER_D;
1923 if (Perl_ckwarn_d(aTHX_ err)) {
1925 va_start(args, pat);
1926 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1932 Perl_ck_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
1934 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER;
1936 if (Perl_ckwarn(aTHX_ err)) {
1938 va_start(args, pat);
1939 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1945 Perl_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat,...)
1948 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER;
1949 va_start(args, pat);
1950 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
1955 Perl_vwarner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, va_list* args)
1958 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARNER;
1960 (PL_warnhook == PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL || ckDEAD(err)) &&
1961 !(PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
1963 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
1965 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
1969 invoke_exception_hook(msv, FALSE);
1974 Perl_vwarn(aTHX_ pat, args);
1978 /* implements the ckWARN? macros */
1981 Perl_ckwarn(pTHX_ U32 w)
1983 /* If lexical warnings have not been set, use $^W. */
1985 return PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON;
1987 return ckwarn_common(w);
1990 /* implements the ckWARN?_d macro */
1993 Perl_ckwarn_d(pTHX_ U32 w)
1995 /* If lexical warnings have not been set then default classes warn. */
1999 return ckwarn_common(w);
2003 S_ckwarn_common(pTHX_ U32 w)
2005 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL)
2008 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_NONE)
2011 /* Check the assumption that at least the first slot is non-zero. */
2012 assert(unpackWARN1(w));
2014 /* Check the assumption that it is valid to stop as soon as a zero slot is
2016 if (!unpackWARN2(w)) {
2017 assert(!unpackWARN3(w));
2018 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2019 } else if (!unpackWARN3(w)) {
2020 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2023 /* Right, dealt with all the special cases, which are implemented as non-
2024 pointers, so there is a pointer to a real warnings mask. */
2026 if (isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN1(w)))
2028 } while (w >>= WARNshift);
2033 /* Set buffer=NULL to get a new one. */
2035 Perl_new_warnings_bitfield(pTHX_ STRLEN *buffer, const char *const bits,
2037 const MEM_SIZE len_wanted =
2038 sizeof(STRLEN) + (size > WARNsize ? size : WARNsize);
2039 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2040 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_WARNINGS_BITFIELD;
2043 (specialWARN(buffer) ?
2044 PerlMemShared_malloc(len_wanted) :
2045 PerlMemShared_realloc(buffer, len_wanted));
2047 Copy(bits, (buffer + 1), size, char);
2048 if (size < WARNsize)
2049 Zero((char *)(buffer + 1) + size, WARNsize - size, char);
2053 /* since we've already done strlen() for both nam and val
2054 * we can use that info to make things faster than
2055 * sprintf(s, "%s=%s", nam, val)
2057 #define my_setenv_format(s, nam, nlen, val, vlen) \
2058 Copy(nam, s, nlen, char); \
2060 Copy(val, s+(nlen+1), vlen, char); \
2061 *(s+(nlen+1+vlen)) = '\0'
2063 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
2064 /* VMS' my_setenv() is in vms.c */
2065 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(NETWARE)
2067 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2071 amigaos4_obtain_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2074 /* only parent thread can modify process environment */
2075 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
2078 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2079 if (!PL_use_safe_putenv) {
2080 /* most putenv()s leak, so we manipulate environ directly */
2082 const I32 len = strlen(nam);
2085 /* where does it go? */
2086 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
2087 if (strnEQ(environ[i],nam,len) && environ[i][len] == '=')
2091 if (environ == PL_origenviron) { /* need we copy environment? */
2097 while (environ[max])
2099 tmpenv = (char**)safesysmalloc((max+2) * sizeof(char*));
2100 for (j=0; j<max; j++) { /* copy environment */
2101 const int len = strlen(environ[j]);
2102 tmpenv[j] = (char*)safesysmalloc((len+1)*sizeof(char));
2103 Copy(environ[j], tmpenv[j], len+1, char);
2106 environ = tmpenv; /* tell exec where it is now */
2109 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2110 while (environ[i]) {
2111 environ[i] = environ[i+1];
2120 if (!environ[i]) { /* does not exist yet */
2121 environ = (char**)safesysrealloc(environ, (i+2) * sizeof(char*));
2122 environ[i+1] = NULL; /* make sure it's null terminated */
2125 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2129 environ[i] = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen+vlen+2) * sizeof(char));
2130 /* all that work just for this */
2131 my_setenv_format(environ[i], nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2134 /* This next branch should only be called #if defined(HAS_SETENV), but
2135 Configure doesn't test for that yet. For Solaris, setenv() and unsetenv()
2136 were introduced in Solaris 9, so testing for HAS UNSETENV is sufficient.
2138 # if defined(__CYGWIN__)|| defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__riscos__) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAS_UNSETENV)) || defined(PERL_DARWIN)
2139 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2141 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2143 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2145 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2146 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2147 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
2148 # elif defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2150 if (environ) /* old glibc can crash with null environ */
2151 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2153 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2154 const int vlen = strlen(val);
2155 char * const new_env =
2156 (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2157 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2158 (void)putenv(new_env);
2160 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2162 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2168 new_env = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2169 /* all that work just for this */
2170 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2171 (void)putenv(new_env);
2172 # endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
2173 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2179 amigaos4_release_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2183 #else /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2186 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2190 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2197 Newx(envstr, nlen+vlen+2, char);
2198 my_setenv_format(envstr, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2199 (void)PerlEnv_putenv(envstr);
2203 #endif /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2207 #ifdef UNLINK_ALL_VERSIONS
2209 Perl_unlnk(pTHX_ const char *f) /* unlink all versions of a file */
2213 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNLNK;
2215 while (PerlLIO_unlink(f) >= 0)
2217 return retries ? 0 : -1;
2222 Perl_my_popen_list(pTHX_ const char *mode, int n, SV **args)
2224 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2232 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN_LIST;
2234 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2235 This = (*mode == 'w');
2239 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2241 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2243 /* Try for another pipe pair for error return */
2244 if (PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2246 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2247 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2248 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2249 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2251 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2252 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2256 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2265 /* Close parent's end of error status pipe (if any) */
2267 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2268 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
2269 /* Close error pipe automatically if exec works */
2270 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2274 /* Now dup our end of _the_ pipe to right position */
2275 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2276 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2277 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2278 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2279 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2282 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2283 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2284 /* No automatic close - do it by hand */
2291 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++) {
2297 do_aexec5(NULL, args-1, args-1+n, pp[1], did_pipes);
2303 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on fork */
2305 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2306 /* Keep the lower of the two fd numbers */
2307 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2308 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2309 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2313 PerlLIO_close(p[that]); /* close child's end of pipe */
2315 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2316 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2318 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2319 /* If we managed to get status pipe check for exec fail */
2320 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2324 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2325 const SSize_t n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2326 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2332 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2334 if (n) { /* Error */
2336 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2337 if (n != sizeof(int))
2338 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2340 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2341 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2342 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2347 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2348 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2350 # if defined(OS2) /* Same, without fork()ing and all extra overhead... */
2351 return my_syspopen4(aTHX_ NULL, mode, n, args);
2352 # elif defined(WIN32)
2353 return win32_popenlist(mode, n, args);
2355 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "List form of piped open not implemented");
2356 return (PerlIO *) NULL;
2361 /* VMS' my_popen() is in VMS.c, same with OS/2 and AmigaOS 4. */
2362 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2364 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2370 const I32 doexec = !(*cmd == '-' && cmd[1] == '\0');
2374 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN;
2376 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2379 return my_syspopen(aTHX_ cmd,mode);
2382 This = (*mode == 'w');
2384 if (doexec && TAINTING_get) {
2386 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2388 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2390 if (doexec && PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2392 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2393 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2394 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2395 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2397 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2398 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2401 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fork: %s", Strerror(errno));
2404 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2414 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2415 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2416 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2420 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2421 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2422 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2423 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2424 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2427 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2430 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2437 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++)
2442 /* may or may not use the shell */
2443 do_exec3(cmd, pp[1], did_pipes);
2446 #endif /* defined OS2 */
2448 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
2449 /* Since we circumvent IO layers when we manipulate low-level
2450 filedescriptors directly, need to manually switch to the
2451 default, binary, low-level mode; see PerlIOBuf_open(). */
2452 PerlLIO_setmode((*mode == 'r'), O_BINARY);
2455 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2456 hv_clear(PL_pidstatus); /* we have no children */
2462 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on vfork */
2464 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2465 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2466 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2467 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2471 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2473 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2474 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2476 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2477 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2481 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2482 const SSize_t n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2483 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2489 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2491 if (n) { /* Error */
2493 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2494 if (n != sizeof(int))
2495 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2497 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2498 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2499 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2504 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2505 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2507 #elif defined(DJGPP)
2508 FILE *djgpp_popen();
2510 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2512 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2513 /* Call system's popen() to get a FILE *, then import it.
2514 used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO_importFILE;
2517 return PerlIO_importFILE(djgpp_popen(cmd, mode), 0);
2519 #elif defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2521 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2526 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2528 /* this is called in parent before the fork() */
2530 Perl_atfork_lock(void)
2531 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2533 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2536 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2538 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_op_mutex)
2541 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2543 /* locks must be held in locking order (if any) */
2545 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2548 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2554 /* this is called in both parent and child after the fork() */
2556 Perl_atfork_unlock(void)
2557 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2559 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2562 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2564 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_op_mutex)
2567 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2569 /* locks must be released in same order as in atfork_lock() */
2571 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2574 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2583 #if defined(HAS_FORK)
2585 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(HAS_PTHREAD_ATFORK)
2590 /* atfork_lock() and atfork_unlock() are installed as pthread_atfork()
2591 * handlers elsewhere in the code */
2595 #elif defined(__amigaos4__)
2596 return amigaos_fork();
2598 /* this "canna happen" since nothing should be calling here if !HAS_FORK */
2599 Perl_croak_nocontext("fork() not available");
2601 #endif /* HAS_FORK */
2606 dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
2608 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_DUPFD)
2611 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2612 return fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD, newfd);
2614 #define DUP2_MAX_FDS 256
2615 int fdtmp[DUP2_MAX_FDS];
2621 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2622 /* good enough for low fd's... */
2623 while ((fd = PerlLIO_dup(oldfd)) != newfd && fd >= 0) {
2624 if (fdx >= DUP2_MAX_FDS) {
2632 PerlLIO_close(fdtmp[--fdx]);
2639 #ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
2642 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2644 struct sigaction act, oact;
2648 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2649 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2650 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2653 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2654 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2657 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2658 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2660 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2661 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2662 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2664 if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) == -1)
2665 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2667 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2671 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2673 struct sigaction oact;
2674 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2676 if (sigaction(signo, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact) == -1)
2677 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2679 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2683 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2688 struct sigaction act;
2690 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RSIGNAL_SAVE;
2693 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2694 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2698 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2699 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2702 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2703 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2705 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2706 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2707 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2709 return sigaction(signo, &act, save);
2713 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2718 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2720 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2721 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2725 return sigaction(signo, save, (struct sigaction *)NULL);
2728 #else /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2731 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2733 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2734 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2735 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2736 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2739 return PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2750 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2753 Sighandler_t oldsig;
2755 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2756 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2757 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2758 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2762 oldsig = PerlProc_signal(signo, sig_trap);
2763 PerlProc_signal(signo, oldsig);
2765 PerlProc_kill(PerlProc_getpid(), signo);
2770 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2772 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2773 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2774 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2777 *save = PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2778 return (*save == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2782 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2784 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2785 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2786 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2789 return (PerlProc_signal(signo, *save) == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
2792 #endif /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2793 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
2795 /* VMS' my_pclose() is in VMS.c; same with OS/2 */
2796 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2798 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2806 const int fd = PerlIO_fileno(ptr);
2809 svp = av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
2810 pid = (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_IV) ? SvIVX(*svp) : -1;
2814 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
2815 /* Find out whether the refcount is low enough for us to wait for the
2816 child proc without blocking. */
2817 should_wait = PerlIOUnix_refcnt(fd) == 1 && pid > 0;
2819 should_wait = pid > 0;
2823 if (pid == -1) { /* Opened by popen. */
2824 return my_syspclose(ptr);
2827 close_failed = (PerlIO_close(ptr) == EOF);
2829 if (should_wait) do {
2830 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2831 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2838 ? pid2 < 0 ? pid2 : status == 0 ? 0 : (errno = 0, status)
2842 #elif defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2844 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2848 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2850 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32) || defined(NETWARE)) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2852 Perl_wait4pid(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int *statusp, int flags)
2855 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WAIT4PID;
2856 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2858 /* PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS is only defined when neither
2859 waitpid() nor wait4() is available, or on OS/2, which
2860 doesn't appear to support waiting for a progress group
2861 member, so we can only treat a 0 pid as an unknown child.
2868 /* The keys in PL_pidstatus are now the raw 4 (or 8) bytes of the
2869 pid, rather than a string form. */
2870 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),FALSE);
2871 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
2872 *statusp = SvIVX(*svp);
2873 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),
2881 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
2882 if ((entry = hv_iternext(PL_pidstatus))) {
2883 SV * const sv = hv_iterval(PL_pidstatus,entry);
2885 const char * const spid = hv_iterkey(entry,&len);
2887 assert (len == sizeof(Pid_t));
2888 memcpy((char *)&pid, spid, len);
2889 *statusp = SvIVX(sv);
2890 /* The hash iterator is currently on this entry, so simply
2891 calling hv_delete would trigger the lazy delete, which on
2892 aggregate does more work, because next call to hv_iterinit()
2893 would spot the flag, and have to call the delete routine,
2894 while in the meantime any new entries can't re-use that
2896 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
2897 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,len,G_DISCARD);
2904 # ifdef HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME
2905 if (!HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2908 result = PerlProc_waitpid(pid,statusp,flags);
2911 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAIT4)
2912 result = wait4(pid,statusp,flags,NULL);
2915 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2916 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
2921 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do waitpid with flags");
2923 while ((result = PerlProc_wait(statusp)) != pid && pid > 0 && result >= 0)
2924 pidgone(result,*statusp);
2930 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) || defined(HAS_WAIT4)
2933 if (result < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
2935 errno = EINTR; /* reset in case a signal handler changed $! */
2939 #endif /* !DOSISH || OS2 || WIN32 || NETWARE */
2941 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2943 S_pidgone(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int status)
2947 sv = *hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*)&pid,sizeof(Pid_t),TRUE);
2948 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2949 SvIV_set(sv, status);
2957 int /* Cannot prototype with I32
2959 my_syspclose(PerlIO *ptr)
2962 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2965 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2966 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
2967 const I32 result = pclose(f);
2968 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
2976 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
2978 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
2979 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
2980 I32 result = djgpp_pclose(f);
2981 result = (result << 8) & 0xff00;
2982 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
2987 #define PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR 4
2989 Perl_repeatcpy(char *to, const char *from, I32 len, IV count)
2991 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REPEATCPY;
2996 croak_memory_wrap();
2999 memset(to, *from, count);
3002 IV items, linear, half;
3004 linear = count < PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR ? count : PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR;
3005 for (items = 0; items < linear; ++items) {
3006 const char *q = from;
3008 for (todo = len; todo > 0; todo--)
3013 while (items <= half) {
3014 IV size = items * len;
3015 memcpy(p, to, size);
3021 memcpy(p, to, (count - items) * len);
3027 Perl_same_dirent(pTHX_ const char *a, const char *b)
3029 char *fa = strrchr(a,'/');
3030 char *fb = strrchr(b,'/');
3033 SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
3035 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAME_DIRENT;
3048 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3050 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, a, fa - a);
3051 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf1) < 0)
3054 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3056 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, b, fb - b);
3057 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf2) < 0)
3059 return tmpstatbuf1.st_dev == tmpstatbuf2.st_dev &&
3060 tmpstatbuf1.st_ino == tmpstatbuf2.st_ino;
3062 #endif /* !HAS_RENAME */
3065 Perl_find_script(pTHX_ const char *scriptname, bool dosearch,
3066 const char *const *const search_ext, I32 flags)
3068 const char *xfound = NULL;
3069 char *xfailed = NULL;
3070 char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
3075 #if defined(DOSISH) && !defined(OS2)
3076 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".bat", ".cmd", NULL
3077 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3080 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".cmd", ".btm", ".bat", ".pl", NULL
3081 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3084 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".pl", ".com", NULL
3085 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3087 /* additional extensions to try in each dir if scriptname not found */
3089 static const char *const exts[] = { SEARCH_EXTS };
3090 const char *const *const ext = search_ext ? search_ext : exts;
3091 int extidx = 0, i = 0;
3092 const char *curext = NULL;
3094 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(search_ext);
3095 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 0
3098 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_SCRIPT;
3101 * If dosearch is true and if scriptname does not contain path
3102 * delimiters, search the PATH for scriptname.
3104 * If SEARCH_EXTS is also defined, will look for each
3105 * scriptname{SEARCH_EXTS} whenever scriptname is not found
3106 * while searching the PATH.
3108 * Assuming SEARCH_EXTS is C<".foo",".bar",NULL>, PATH search
3109 * proceeds as follows:
3110 * If DOSISH or VMSISH:
3111 * + look for ./scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3112 * + search the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3115 * + look *only* in the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar} (note
3116 * this will not look in '.' if it's not in the PATH)
3121 # ifdef ALWAYS_DEFTYPES
3122 len = strlen(scriptname);
3123 if (!(len == 1 && *scriptname == '-') && scriptname[len-1] != ':') {
3124 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3127 const int hasdir = !dosearch || (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3130 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3133 const int hasdir = (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3135 /* The first time through, just add SEARCH_EXTS to whatever we
3136 * already have, so we can check for default file types. */
3138 (!hasdir && my_trnlnm("DCL$PATH",tmpbuf,idx++)) )
3145 if ((strlen(tmpbuf) + strlen(scriptname)
3146 + MAX_EXT_LEN) >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3147 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3148 my_strlcat(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3152 if (strEQ(scriptname, "-"))
3154 if (dosearch) { /* Look in '.' first. */
3155 const char *cur = scriptname;
3157 if ((curext = strrchr(scriptname,'.'))) /* possible current ext */
3159 if (strEQ(ext[i++],curext)) {
3160 extidx = -1; /* already has an ext */
3165 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3166 "Looking for %s\n",cur));
3169 if (PerlLIO_stat(cur,&statbuf) >= 0
3170 && !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3179 if (cur == scriptname) {
3180 len = strlen(scriptname);
3181 if (len+MAX_EXT_LEN+1 >= sizeof(tmpbuf))
3183 my_strlcpy(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3186 } while (extidx >= 0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3187 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len));
3192 if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, '/')
3194 && !strchr(scriptname, '\\')
3196 && (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH")))
3200 bufend = s + strlen(s);
3201 while (s < bufend) {
3205 && *s != ';'; len++, s++) {
3206 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3209 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3212 s = delimcpy_no_escape(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, bufend,
3217 if (len + 1 + strlen(scriptname) + MAX_EXT_LEN >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3218 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3221 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '/'
3222 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '\\'
3225 tmpbuf[len++] = '/';
3226 if (len == 2 && tmpbuf[0] == '.')
3228 (void)my_strlcpy(tmpbuf + len, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf) - len);
3232 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3233 if (extidx > 0) /* reset after previous loop */
3237 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking for %s\n",tmpbuf));
3238 retval = PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf,&statbuf);
3239 if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3243 } while ( retval < 0 /* not there */
3244 && extidx>=0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3245 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len)
3250 if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)
3251 && cando(S_IRUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3252 #if !defined(DOSISH)
3253 && cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3257 xfound = tmpbuf; /* bingo! */
3261 xfailed = savepv(tmpbuf);
3266 if (!xfound && !seen_dot && !xfailed &&
3267 (PerlLIO_stat(scriptname,&statbuf) < 0
3268 || S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)))
3270 seen_dot = 1; /* Disable message. */
3275 if (flags & 1) { /* do or die? */
3276 /* diag_listed_as: Can't execute %s */
3277 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s %s%s%s",
3278 (xfailed ? "execute" : "find"),
3279 (xfailed ? xfailed : scriptname),
3280 (xfailed ? "" : " on PATH"),
3281 (xfailed || seen_dot) ? "" : ", '.' not in PATH");
3286 scriptname = xfound;
3288 return (scriptname ? savepv(scriptname) : NULL);
3291 #ifndef PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED
3294 Perl_get_context(void)
3296 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3298 # ifdef OLD_PTHREADS_API
3300 int error = pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key, &t)
3302 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_getspecific, error=%d", error);
3304 # elif defined(I_MACH_CTHREADS)
3305 return (void*)cthread_data(cthread_self());
3307 return (void*)PTHREAD_GETSPECIFIC(PL_thr_key);
3315 Perl_set_context(void *t)
3317 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3320 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SET_CONTEXT;
3321 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3322 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3323 cthread_set_data(cthread_self(), t);
3326 const int error = pthread_setspecific(PL_thr_key, t);
3328 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_setspecific, error=%d", error);
3336 #endif /* !PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED */
3338 #if defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
3342 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3348 Perl_get_op_names(pTHX)
3350 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3351 return (char **)PL_op_name;
3355 Perl_get_op_descs(pTHX)
3357 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3358 return (char **)PL_op_desc;
3362 Perl_get_no_modify(pTHX)
3364 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3365 return PL_no_modify;
3369 Perl_get_opargs(pTHX)
3371 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3372 return (U32 *)PL_opargs;
3376 Perl_get_ppaddr(pTHX)
3379 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3380 return (PPADDR_t*)PL_ppaddr;
3383 #ifndef HAS_GETENV_LEN
3385 Perl_getenv_len(pTHX_ const char *env_elem, unsigned long *len)
3387 char * const env_trans = PerlEnv_getenv(env_elem);
3388 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3389 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETENV_LEN;
3391 *len = strlen(env_trans);
3398 Perl_get_vtbl(pTHX_ int vtbl_id)
3400 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3402 return (vtbl_id < 0 || vtbl_id >= magic_vtable_max)
3403 ? NULL : (MGVTBL*)PL_magic_vtables + vtbl_id;
3407 Perl_my_fflush_all(pTHX)
3409 #if defined(USE_PERLIO) || defined(FFLUSH_NULL)
3410 return PerlIO_flush(NULL);
3412 # if defined(HAS__FWALK)
3413 extern int fflush(FILE *);
3414 /* undocumented, unprototyped, but very useful BSDism */
3415 extern void _fwalk(int (*)(FILE *));
3419 # if defined(FFLUSH_ALL) && defined(HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY)
3421 # ifdef PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX
3422 open_max = PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX;
3423 # elif defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
3424 open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
3425 # elif defined(FOPEN_MAX)
3426 open_max = FOPEN_MAX;
3427 # elif defined(OPEN_MAX)
3428 open_max = OPEN_MAX;
3429 # elif defined(_NFILE)
3434 for (i = 0; i < open_max; i++)
3435 if (STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file >= 0 &&
3436 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file < open_max &&
3437 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._flag)
3438 PerlIO_flush(&STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]);
3442 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3449 Perl_report_wrongway_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv, const char have)
3451 if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
3453 = gv && (isGV_with_GP(gv))
3456 const char * const direction = have == '>' ? "out" : "in";
3458 if (name && HEK_LEN(name))
3459 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3460 "Filehandle %" HEKf " opened only for %sput",
3461 HEKfARG(name), direction);
3463 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3464 "Filehandle opened only for %sput", direction);
3469 Perl_report_evil_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv)
3471 const IO *io = gv ? GvIO(gv) : NULL;
3472 const PERL_BITFIELD16 op = PL_op->op_type;
3476 if (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_CLOSED) {
3478 warn_type = WARN_CLOSED;
3482 warn_type = WARN_UNOPENED;
3485 if (ckWARN(warn_type)) {
3487 = gv && isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvENAMELEN(gv) ?
3488 sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvENAME_HEK(gv))) : NULL;
3489 const char * const pars =
3490 (const char *)(OP_IS_FILETEST(op) ? "" : "()");
3491 const char * const func =
3493 (op == OP_READLINE || op == OP_RCATLINE
3494 ? "readline" : /* "<HANDLE>" not nice */
3495 op == OP_LEAVEWRITE ? "write" : /* "write exit" not nice */
3497 const char * const type =
3499 (OP_IS_SOCKET(op) || (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
3500 ? "socket" : "filehandle");
3501 const bool have_name = name && SvCUR(name);
3502 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3503 "%s%s on %s %s%s%" SVf, func, pars, vile, type,
3504 have_name ? " " : "",
3505 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no));
3506 if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3508 aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3509 "\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle%s%" SVf "?)\n",
3510 func, pars, have_name ? " " : "",
3511 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no)
3516 /* To workaround core dumps from the uninitialised tm_zone we get the
3517 * system to give us a reasonable struct to copy. This fix means that
3518 * strftime uses the tm_zone and tm_gmtoff values returned by
3519 * localtime(time()). That should give the desired result most of the
3520 * time. But probably not always!
3522 * This does not address tzname aspects of NETaa14816.
3527 # ifndef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3528 # define STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3532 #ifdef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE /* Backward compat */
3533 # ifndef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3534 # define HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3539 Perl_init_tm(pTHX_ struct tm *ptm) /* see mktime, strftime and asctime */
3541 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3543 const struct tm* my_tm;
3544 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3547 my_tm = localtime(&now);
3549 Copy(my_tm, ptm, 1, struct tm);
3551 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3553 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(ptm);
3558 * mini_mktime - normalise struct tm values without the localtime()
3559 * semantics (and overhead) of mktime().
3562 Perl_mini_mktime(struct tm *ptm)
3566 int month, mday, year, jday;
3567 int odd_cent, odd_year;
3569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MINI_MKTIME;
3571 #define DAYS_PER_YEAR 365
3572 #define DAYS_PER_QYEAR (4*DAYS_PER_YEAR+1)
3573 #define DAYS_PER_CENT (25*DAYS_PER_QYEAR-1)
3574 #define DAYS_PER_QCENT (4*DAYS_PER_CENT+1)
3575 #define SECS_PER_HOUR (60*60)
3576 #define SECS_PER_DAY (24*SECS_PER_HOUR)
3577 /* parentheses deliberately absent on these two, otherwise they don't work */
3578 #define MONTH_TO_DAYS 153/5
3579 #define DAYS_TO_MONTH 5/153
3580 /* offset to bias by March (month 4) 1st between month/mday & year finding */
3581 #define YEAR_ADJUST (4*MONTH_TO_DAYS+1)
3582 /* as used here, the algorithm leaves Sunday as day 1 unless we adjust it */
3583 #define WEEKDAY_BIAS 6 /* (1+6)%7 makes Sunday 0 again */
3586 * Year/day algorithm notes:
3588 * With a suitable offset for numeric value of the month, one can find
3589 * an offset into the year by considering months to have 30.6 (153/5) days,
3590 * using integer arithmetic (i.e., with truncation). To avoid too much
3591 * messing about with leap days, we consider January and February to be
3592 * the 13th and 14th month of the previous year. After that transformation,
3593 * we need the month index we use to be high by 1 from 'normal human' usage,
3594 * so the month index values we use run from 4 through 15.
3596 * Given that, and the rules for the Gregorian calendar (leap years are those
3597 * divisible by 4 unless also divisible by 100, when they must be divisible
3598 * by 400 instead), we can simply calculate the number of days since some
3599 * arbitrary 'beginning of time' by futzing with the (adjusted) year number,
3600 * the days we derive from our month index, and adding in the day of the
3601 * month. The value used here is not adjusted for the actual origin which
3602 * it normally would use (1 January A.D. 1), since we're not exposing it.
3603 * We're only building the value so we can turn around and get the
3604 * normalised values for the year, month, day-of-month, and day-of-year.
3606 * For going backward, we need to bias the value we're using so that we find
3607 * the right year value. (Basically, we don't want the contribution of
3608 * March 1st to the number to apply while deriving the year). Having done
3609 * that, we 'count up' the contribution to the year number by accounting for
3610 * full quadracenturies (400-year periods) with their extra leap days, plus
3611 * the contribution from full centuries (to avoid counting in the lost leap
3612 * days), plus the contribution from full quad-years (to count in the normal
3613 * leap days), plus the leftover contribution from any non-leap years.
3614 * At this point, if we were working with an actual leap day, we'll have 0
3615 * days left over. This is also true for March 1st, however. So, we have
3616 * to special-case that result, and (earlier) keep track of the 'odd'
3617 * century and year contributions. If we got 4 extra centuries in a qcent,
3618 * or 4 extra years in a qyear, then it's a leap day and we call it 29 Feb.
3619 * Otherwise, we add back in the earlier bias we removed (the 123 from
3620 * figuring in March 1st), find the month index (integer division by 30.6),
3621 * and the remainder is the day-of-month. We then have to convert back to
3622 * 'real' months (including fixing January and February from being 14/15 in
3623 * the previous year to being in the proper year). After that, to get
3624 * tm_yday, we work with the normalised year and get a new yearday value for
3625 * January 1st, which we subtract from the yearday value we had earlier,
3626 * representing the date we've re-built. This is done from January 1
3627 * because tm_yday is 0-origin.
3629 * Since POSIX time routines are only guaranteed to work for times since the
3630 * UNIX epoch (00:00:00 1 Jan 1970 UTC), the fact that this algorithm
3631 * applies Gregorian calendar rules even to dates before the 16th century
3632 * doesn't bother me. Besides, you'd need cultural context for a given
3633 * date to know whether it was Julian or Gregorian calendar, and that's
3634 * outside the scope for this routine. Since we convert back based on the
3635 * same rules we used to build the yearday, you'll only get strange results
3636 * for input which needed normalising, or for the 'odd' century years which
3637 * were leap years in the Julian calendar but not in the Gregorian one.
3638 * I can live with that.
3640 * This algorithm also fails to handle years before A.D. 1 gracefully, but
3641 * that's still outside the scope for POSIX time manipulation, so I don't
3647 year = 1900 + ptm->tm_year;
3648 month = ptm->tm_mon;
3649 mday = ptm->tm_mday;
3655 yearday = DAYS_PER_YEAR * year + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3656 yearday += month*MONTH_TO_DAYS + mday + jday;
3658 * Note that we don't know when leap-seconds were or will be,
3659 * so we have to trust the user if we get something which looks
3660 * like a sensible leap-second. Wild values for seconds will
3661 * be rationalised, however.
3663 if ((unsigned) ptm->tm_sec <= 60) {
3670 secs += 60 * ptm->tm_min;
3671 secs += SECS_PER_HOUR * ptm->tm_hour;
3673 if (secs-(secs/SECS_PER_DAY*SECS_PER_DAY) < 0) {
3674 /* got negative remainder, but need positive time */
3675 /* back off an extra day to compensate */
3676 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY)-1;
3677 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY - 1);
3680 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3681 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3684 else if (secs >= SECS_PER_DAY) {
3685 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3686 secs %= SECS_PER_DAY;
3688 ptm->tm_hour = secs/SECS_PER_HOUR;
3689 secs %= SECS_PER_HOUR;
3690 ptm->tm_min = secs/60;
3692 ptm->tm_sec += secs;
3693 /* done with time of day effects */
3695 * The algorithm for yearday has (so far) left it high by 428.
3696 * To avoid mistaking a legitimate Feb 29 as Mar 1, we need to
3697 * bias it by 123 while trying to figure out what year it
3698 * really represents. Even with this tweak, the reverse
3699 * translation fails for years before A.D. 0001.
3700 * It would still fail for Feb 29, but we catch that one below.
3702 jday = yearday; /* save for later fixup vis-a-vis Jan 1 */
3703 yearday -= YEAR_ADJUST;
3704 year = (yearday / DAYS_PER_QCENT) * 400;
3705 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QCENT;
3706 odd_cent = yearday / DAYS_PER_CENT;
3707 year += odd_cent * 100;
3708 yearday %= DAYS_PER_CENT;
3709 year += (yearday / DAYS_PER_QYEAR) * 4;
3710 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QYEAR;
3711 odd_year = yearday / DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3713 yearday %= DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3714 if (!yearday && (odd_cent==4 || odd_year==4)) { /* catch Feb 29 */
3719 yearday += YEAR_ADJUST; /* recover March 1st crock */
3720 month = yearday*DAYS_TO_MONTH;
3721 yearday -= month*MONTH_TO_DAYS;
3722 /* recover other leap-year adjustment */
3731 ptm->tm_year = year - 1900;
3733 ptm->tm_mday = yearday;
3734 ptm->tm_mon = month;
3738 ptm->tm_mon = month - 1;
3740 /* re-build yearday based on Jan 1 to get tm_yday */
3742 yearday = year*DAYS_PER_YEAR + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3743 yearday += 14*MONTH_TO_DAYS + 1;
3744 ptm->tm_yday = jday - yearday;
3745 ptm->tm_wday = (jday + WEEKDAY_BIAS) % 7;
3749 Perl_my_strftime(pTHX_ const char *fmt, int sec, int min, int hour, int mday, int mon, int year, int wday, int yday, int isdst)
3753 /* strftime(), but with a different API so that the return value is a pointer
3754 * to the formatted result (which MUST be arranged to be FREED BY THE
3755 * CALLER). This allows this function to increase the buffer size as needed,
3756 * so that the caller doesn't have to worry about that.
3758 * Note that yday and wday effectively are ignored by this function, as
3759 * mini_mktime() overwrites them */
3766 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_STRFTIME;
3768 init_tm(&mytm); /* XXX workaround - see init_tm() above */
3771 mytm.tm_hour = hour;
3772 mytm.tm_mday = mday;
3774 mytm.tm_year = year;
3775 mytm.tm_wday = wday;
3776 mytm.tm_yday = yday;
3777 mytm.tm_isdst = isdst;
3779 /* use libc to get the values for tm_gmtoff and tm_zone [perl #18238] */
3780 #if defined(HAS_MKTIME) && (defined(HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF) || defined(HAS_TM_TM_ZONE))
3785 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF
3786 mytm.tm_gmtoff = mytm2.tm_gmtoff;
3788 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3789 mytm.tm_zone = mytm2.tm_zone;
3794 Newx(buf, buflen, char);
3796 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
3797 len = strftime(buf, buflen, fmt, &mytm);
3801 ** The following is needed to handle to the situation where
3802 ** tmpbuf overflows. Basically we want to allocate a buffer
3803 ** and try repeatedly. The reason why it is so complicated
3804 ** is that getting a return value of 0 from strftime can indicate
3805 ** one of the following:
3806 ** 1. buffer overflowed,
3807 ** 2. illegal conversion specifier, or
3808 ** 3. the format string specifies nothing to be returned(not
3809 ** an error). This could be because format is an empty string
3810 ** or it specifies %p that yields an empty string in some locale.
3811 ** If there is a better way to make it portable, go ahead by
3814 if ((len > 0 && len < buflen) || (len == 0 && *fmt == '\0'))
3817 /* Possibly buf overflowed - try again with a bigger buf */
3818 const int fmtlen = strlen(fmt);
3819 int bufsize = fmtlen + buflen;
3821 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
3824 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
3825 buflen = strftime(buf, bufsize, fmt, &mytm);
3828 if (buflen > 0 && buflen < bufsize)
3830 /* heuristic to prevent out-of-memory errors */
3831 if (bufsize > 100*fmtlen) {
3837 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
3842 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no strftime");
3848 #define SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF \
3852 #define SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp) \
3853 (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && (dp->d_name[1] == '\0' || \
3854 (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && dp->d_name[2] == '\0')))
3857 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
3859 =for apidoc getcwd_sv
3861 Fill C<sv> with current working directory
3866 /* Originally written in Perl by John Bazik; rewritten in C by Ben Sugars.
3867 * rewritten again by dougm, optimized for use with xs TARG, and to prefer
3868 * getcwd(3) if available
3869 * Comments from the original:
3870 * This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous
3871 * because you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir
3875 Perl_getcwd_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
3880 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETCWD_SV;
3884 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
3886 /* Some getcwd()s automatically allocate a buffer of the given
3887 * size from the heap if they are given a NULL buffer pointer.
3888 * The problem is that this behaviour is not portable. */
3889 if (getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1)) {
3894 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3901 int orig_cdev, orig_cino, cdev, cino, odev, oino, tdev, tino;
3905 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
3907 if (PerlLIO_lstat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
3908 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3911 orig_cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3912 orig_cino = statbuf.st_ino;
3922 if (PerlDir_chdir("..") < 0) {
3923 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3925 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
3926 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3929 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3930 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
3932 if (odev == cdev && oino == cino) {
3935 if (!(dir = PerlDir_open("."))) {
3936 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3939 while ((dp = PerlDir_read(dir)) != NULL) {
3941 namelen = dp->d_namlen;
3943 namelen = strlen(dp->d_name);
3946 if (SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp)) {
3950 if (PerlLIO_lstat(dp->d_name, &statbuf) < 0) {
3951 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3954 tdev = statbuf.st_dev;
3955 tino = statbuf.st_ino;
3956 if (tino == oino && tdev == odev) {
3962 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3965 if (pathlen + namelen + 1 >= MAXPATHLEN) {
3966 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3969 SvGROW(sv, pathlen + namelen + 1);
3973 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX(sv) + namelen + 1, pathlen, char);
3976 /* prepend current directory to the front */
3978 Move(dp->d_name, SvPVX(sv)+1, namelen, char);
3979 pathlen += (namelen + 1);
3981 #ifdef VOID_CLOSEDIR
3984 if (PerlDir_close(dir) < 0) {
3985 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3991 SvCUR_set(sv, pathlen);
3995 if (PerlDir_chdir(SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
3996 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
3999 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4000 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4003 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4004 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4006 if (cdev != orig_cdev || cino != orig_cino) {
4007 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unstable directory path, "
4008 "current directory changed unexpectedly");
4021 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && defined(HAS_SELECT)
4022 # define EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4025 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4027 S_socketpair_udp (int fd[2]) {
4029 /* Fake a datagram socketpair using UDP to localhost. */
4030 int sockets[2] = {-1, -1};
4031 struct sockaddr_in addresses[2];
4033 Sock_size_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
4034 unsigned short port;
4037 memset(&addresses, 0, sizeof(addresses));
4040 sockets[i] = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, PF_INET);
4041 if (sockets[i] == -1)
4042 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4044 addresses[i].sin_family = AF_INET;
4045 addresses[i].sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4046 addresses[i].sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4047 if (PerlSock_bind(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4048 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4049 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4052 /* Now have 2 UDP sockets. Find out which port each is connected to, and
4053 for each connect the other socket to it. */
4056 if (PerlSock_getsockname(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4058 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4059 if (size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
4060 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4061 /* !1 is 0, !0 is 1 */
4062 if (PerlSock_connect(sockets[!i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4063 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4064 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4067 /* Now we have 2 sockets connected to each other. I don't trust some other
4068 process not to have already sent a packet to us (by random) so send
4069 a packet from each to the other. */
4072 /* I'm going to send my own port number. As a short.
4073 (Who knows if someone somewhere has sin_port as a bitfield and needs
4074 this routine. (I'm assuming crays have socketpair)) */
4075 port = addresses[i].sin_port;
4076 got = PerlLIO_write(sockets[i], &port, sizeof(port));
4077 if (got != sizeof(port)) {
4079 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4080 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4084 /* Packets sent. I don't trust them to have arrived though.
4085 (As I understand it Solaris TCP stack is multithreaded. Non-blocking
4086 connect to localhost will use a second kernel thread. In 2.6 the
4087 first thread running the connect() returns before the second completes,
4088 so EINPROGRESS> In 2.7 the improved stack is faster and connect()
4089 returns 0. Poor programs have tripped up. One poor program's authors'
4090 had a 50-1 reverse stock split. Not sure how connected these were.)
4091 So I don't trust someone not to have an unpredictable UDP stack.
4095 struct timeval waitfor = {0, 100000}; /* You have 0.1 seconds */
4096 int max = sockets[1] > sockets[0] ? sockets[1] : sockets[0];
4100 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[0], &rset);
4101 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[1], &rset);
4103 got = PerlSock_select(max + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &waitfor);
4104 if (got != 2 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[0], &rset)
4105 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[1], &rset)) {
4106 /* I hope this is portable and appropriate. */
4108 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4109 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4113 /* And the paranoia department even now doesn't trust it to have arrive
4114 (hence MSG_DONTWAIT). Or that what arrives was sent by us. */
4116 struct sockaddr_in readfrom;
4117 unsigned short buffer[2];
4122 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4123 sizeof(buffer), MSG_DONTWAIT,
4124 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4126 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4128 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4132 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4133 if (got != sizeof(port)
4134 || size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
4135 /* Check other socket sent us its port. */
4136 || buffer[0] != (unsigned short) addresses[!i].sin_port
4137 /* Check kernel says we got the datagram from that socket */
4138 || readfrom.sin_family != addresses[!i].sin_family
4139 || readfrom.sin_addr.s_addr != addresses[!i].sin_addr.s_addr
4140 || readfrom.sin_port != addresses[!i].sin_port)
4141 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4144 /* My caller (my_socketpair) has validated that this is non-NULL */
4147 /* I hereby declare this connection open. May God bless all who cross
4151 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4152 errno = ECONNABORTED;
4156 if (sockets[0] != -1)
4157 PerlLIO_close(sockets[0]);
4158 if (sockets[1] != -1)
4159 PerlLIO_close(sockets[1]);
4164 #endif /* EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP */
4166 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET)
4168 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4169 /* Stevens says that family must be AF_LOCAL, protocol 0.
4170 I'm going to enforce that, then ignore it, and use TCP (or UDP). */
4175 struct sockaddr_in listen_addr;
4176 struct sockaddr_in connect_addr;
4181 || family != AF_UNIX
4184 errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
4192 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4193 if (type == SOCK_DGRAM)
4194 return S_socketpair_udp(fd);
4197 aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
4198 listener = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4201 memset(&listen_addr, 0, sizeof(listen_addr));
4202 listen_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
4203 listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4204 listen_addr.sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4205 if (PerlSock_bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4206 sizeof(listen_addr)) == -1)
4207 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4208 if (PerlSock_listen(listener, 1) == -1)
4209 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4211 connector = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4212 if (connector == -1)
4213 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4214 /* We want to find out the port number to connect to. */
4215 size = sizeof(connect_addr);
4216 if (PerlSock_getsockname(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4218 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4219 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr))
4220 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4221 if (PerlSock_connect(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4222 sizeof(connect_addr)) == -1)
4223 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4225 size = sizeof(listen_addr);
4226 acceptor = PerlSock_accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4229 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4230 if (size != sizeof(listen_addr))
4231 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4232 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4233 /* Now check we are talking to ourself by matching port and host on the
4235 if (PerlSock_getsockname(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4237 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4238 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr)
4239 || listen_addr.sin_family != connect_addr.sin_family
4240 || listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr != connect_addr.sin_addr.s_addr
4241 || listen_addr.sin_port != connect_addr.sin_port) {
4242 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4248 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4250 errno = ECONNABORTED; /* This would be the standard thing to do. */
4251 #elif defined(ECONNREFUSED)
4252 errno = ECONNREFUSED; /* E.g. Symbian does not have ECONNABORTED. */
4254 errno = ETIMEDOUT; /* Desperation time. */
4260 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4261 if (connector != -1)
4262 PerlLIO_close(connector);
4264 PerlLIO_close(acceptor);
4270 /* In any case have a stub so that there's code corresponding
4271 * to the my_socketpair in embed.fnc. */
4273 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4274 #ifdef HAS_SOCKETPAIR
4275 return socketpair(family, type, protocol, fd);
4284 =for apidoc sv_nosharing
4286 Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
4287 Or "locks" it. Or "unlocks" it. In other
4288 words, ignores its single SV argument.
4289 Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it could
4290 potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4296 Perl_sv_nosharing(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4298 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4299 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4304 =for apidoc sv_destroyable
4306 Dummy routine which reports that object can be destroyed when there is no
4307 sharing module present. It ignores its single SV argument, and returns
4308 'true'. Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it
4309 could potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4315 Perl_sv_destroyable(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4317 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4318 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4323 Perl_parse_unicode_opts(pTHX_ const char **popt)
4325 const char *p = *popt;
4328 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_UNICODE_OPTS;
4334 if (grok_atoUV(p, &uv, &endptr) && uv <= U32_MAX) {
4337 if (p && *p && *p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4339 goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4341 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4345 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid number '%s' for -C option.\n", p);
4351 case PERL_UNICODE_STDIN:
4352 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDIN_FLAG; break;
4353 case PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT:
4354 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT_FLAG; break;
4355 case PERL_UNICODE_STDERR:
4356 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDERR_FLAG; break;
4357 case PERL_UNICODE_STD:
4358 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STD_FLAG; break;
4359 case PERL_UNICODE_IN:
4360 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_IN_FLAG; break;
4361 case PERL_UNICODE_OUT:
4362 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_OUT_FLAG; break;
4363 case PERL_UNICODE_INOUT:
4364 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_INOUT_FLAG; break;
4365 case PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE:
4366 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG; break;
4367 case PERL_UNICODE_ARGV:
4368 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_ARGV_FLAG; break;
4369 case PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT:
4370 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG; break;
4372 if (*p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4373 if(isSPACE(*p)) goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4376 "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4383 opt = PERL_UNICODE_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
4385 the_end_of_the_opts_parser:
4387 if (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS)
4388 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option value %" UVuf,
4389 (UV) (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS));
4397 # include <starlet.h>
4404 * This is really just a quick hack which grabs various garbage
4405 * values. It really should be a real hash algorithm which
4406 * spreads the effect of every input bit onto every output bit,
4407 * if someone who knows about such things would bother to write it.
4408 * Might be a good idea to add that function to CORE as well.
4409 * No numbers below come from careful analysis or anything here,
4410 * except they are primes and SEED_C1 > 1E6 to get a full-width
4411 * value from (tv_sec * SEED_C1 + tv_usec). The multipliers should
4412 * probably be bigger too.
4415 # define SEED_C1 1000003
4416 #define SEED_C4 73819
4418 # define SEED_C1 25747
4419 #define SEED_C4 20639
4423 #define SEED_C5 26107
4425 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4429 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4430 struct timeval when;
4435 /* This test is an escape hatch, this symbol isn't set by Configure. */
4436 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4437 #ifndef PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE
4438 /* /dev/random isn't used by default because reads from it will block
4439 * if there isn't enough entropy available. You can compile with
4440 * PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE to it if you'd prefer Perl to block until there
4441 * is enough real entropy to fill the seed. */
4442 # ifdef __amigaos4__
4443 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "RANDOM:SIZE=4"
4445 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "/dev/urandom"
4448 fd = PerlLIO_open(PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE, 0);
4450 if (PerlLIO_read(fd, (void*)&u, sizeof u) != sizeof u)
4458 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4459 PerlProc_gettimeofday(&when,NULL);
4460 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when.tv_sec + (U32)SEED_C2 * when.tv_usec;
4463 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when;
4465 u += SEED_C3 * (U32)PerlProc_getpid();
4466 u += SEED_C4 * (U32)PTR2UV(PL_stack_sp);
4467 #ifndef PLAN9 /* XXX Plan9 assembler chokes on this; fix needed */
4468 u += SEED_C5 * (U32)PTR2UV(&when);
4474 Perl_get_hash_seed(pTHX_ unsigned char * const seed_buffer)
4476 #ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_HASH_SEED;
4483 #ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4484 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_HASH_SEED");
4488 /* ignore leading spaces */
4489 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4491 # ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4492 /* if they set it to "0" we disable key traversal randomization completely */
4493 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0")) {
4494 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4496 /* otherwise switch to deterministic mode */
4497 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4500 /* ignore a leading 0x... if it is there */
4501 if (env_pv[0] == '0' && env_pv[1] == 'x')
4504 for( i = 0; isXDIGIT(*env_pv) && i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4505 seed_buffer[i] = READ_XDIGIT(env_pv) << 4;
4506 if ( isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4507 seed_buffer[i] |= READ_XDIGIT(env_pv);
4510 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4513 if (*env_pv && !isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4514 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set\n");
4516 /* should we check for unparsed crap? */
4517 /* should we warn about unused hex? */
4518 /* should we warn about insufficient hex? */
4521 #endif /* NO_PERL_HASH_ENV */
4523 for( i = 0; i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4524 seed_buffer[i] = (unsigned char)(Perl_internal_drand48() * (U8_MAX+1));
4527 #ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4528 { /* initialize PL_hash_rand_bits from the hash seed.
4529 * This value is highly volatile, it is updated every
4530 * hash insert, and is used as part of hash bucket chain
4531 * randomization and hash iterator randomization. */
4532 PL_hash_rand_bits= 0xbe49d17f; /* I just picked a number */
4533 for( i = 0; i < sizeof(UV) ; i++ ) {
4534 PL_hash_rand_bits += seed_buffer[i % PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES];
4535 PL_hash_rand_bits = ROTL_UV(PL_hash_rand_bits,8);
4538 # ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4539 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_PERTURB_KEYS");
4541 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0") || strEQ(env_pv,"NO")) {
4542 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4543 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"1") || strEQ(env_pv,"RANDOM")) {
4544 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 1;
4545 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"2") || strEQ(env_pv,"DETERMINISTIC")) {
4546 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4548 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'\n", env_pv);
4555 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4557 #define PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4558 #include "opcode.h" /* the ppaddr and check */
4561 Perl_init_global_struct(pTHX)
4563 struct perl_vars *plvarsp = NULL;
4564 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4565 const IV nppaddr = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gppaddr);
4566 const IV ncheck = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gcheck);
4567 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4568 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4569 /* PerlMem_malloc() because can't use even safesysmalloc() this early. */
4570 plvarsp = (struct perl_vars*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(struct perl_vars));
4574 plvarsp = PL_VarsPtr;
4575 # endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
4580 # define PERLVAR(prefix,var,type) /**/
4581 # define PERLVARA(prefix,var,n,type) /**/
4582 # define PERLVARI(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4583 # define PERLVARIC(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4584 # include "perlvars.h"
4589 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4592 PerlMem_malloc(nppaddr * sizeof(Perl_ppaddr_t));
4593 if (!plvarsp->Gppaddr)
4597 PerlMem_malloc(ncheck * sizeof(Perl_check_t));
4598 if (!plvarsp->Gcheck)
4600 Copy(Gppaddr, plvarsp->Gppaddr, nppaddr, Perl_ppaddr_t);
4601 Copy(Gcheck, plvarsp->Gcheck, ncheck, Perl_check_t);
4603 # ifdef PERL_SET_VARS
4604 PERL_SET_VARS(plvarsp);
4606 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4607 plvarsp->Gsv_placeholder.sv_flags = 0;
4608 memset(plvarsp->Ghash_seed, 0, sizeof(plvarsp->Ghash_seed));
4610 # undef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4615 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4617 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4620 Perl_free_global_struct(pTHX_ struct perl_vars *plvarsp)
4622 int veto = plvarsp->Gveto_cleanup;
4624 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FREE_GLOBAL_STRUCT;
4625 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4626 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4627 # ifdef PERL_UNSET_VARS
4628 PERL_UNSET_VARS(plvarsp);
4632 free(plvarsp->Gppaddr);
4633 free(plvarsp->Gcheck);
4634 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4640 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4644 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG: the Perl_mem_log_..() is compiled, including
4645 * the default implementation, unless -DPERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL is also
4646 * given, and you supply your own implementation.
4648 * The default implementation reads a single env var, PERL_MEM_LOG,
4649 * expecting one or more of the following:
4651 * \d+ - fd fd to write to : must be 1st (grok_atoUV)
4652 * 'm' - memlog was PERL_MEM_LOG=1
4653 * 's' - svlog was PERL_SV_LOG=1
4654 * 't' - timestamp was PERL_MEM_LOG_TIMESTAMP=1
4656 * This makes the logger controllable enough that it can reasonably be
4657 * added to the system perl.
4660 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE=X: size of a (stack-allocated) buffer
4661 * the Perl_mem_log_...() will use (either via sprintf or snprintf).
4663 #define PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE 128
4665 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_FD=N: the file descriptor the Perl_mem_log_...()
4666 * writes to. In the default logger, this is settable at runtime.
4668 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_FD
4669 # define PERL_MEM_LOG_FD 2 /* If STDERR is too boring for you. */
4672 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
4674 # ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
4675 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT " [%lu]"
4676 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv) , (unsigned long) (sv)->sv_debug_serial
4678 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT
4679 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv)
4683 S_mem_log_common(enum mem_log_type mlt, const UV n,
4684 const UV typesize, const char *type_name, const SV *sv,
4685 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
4686 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4687 const char *funcname)
4691 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_COMMON;
4693 pmlenv = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_MEM_LOG");
4696 if (mlt < MLT_NEW_SV ? strchr(pmlenv,'m') : strchr(pmlenv,'s'))
4698 /* We can't use SVs or PerlIO for obvious reasons,
4699 * so we'll use stdio and low-level IO instead. */
4700 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
4702 # ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4703 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d.%06d: "
4704 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)tv.tv_sec, (int)tv.tv_usec
4706 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
4708 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d: "
4709 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)when
4713 /* If there are other OS specific ways of hires time than
4714 * gettimeofday() (see dist/Time-HiRes), the easiest way is
4715 * probably that they would be used to fill in the struct
4722 if (grok_atoUV(pmlenv, &uv, &endptr) /* Ignore endptr. */
4723 && uv && uv <= PERL_INT_MAX
4727 fd = PERL_MEM_LOG_FD;
4730 if (strchr(pmlenv, 't')) {
4731 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4732 MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT, MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG);
4733 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
4737 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4738 "alloc: %s:%d:%s: %" IVdf " %" UVuf
4739 " %s = %" IVdf ": %" UVxf "\n",
4740 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4741 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(newalloc));
4744 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4745 "realloc: %s:%d:%s: %" IVdf " %" UVuf
4746 " %s = %" IVdf ": %" UVxf " -> %" UVxf "\n",
4747 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4748 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(oldalloc),
4752 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4753 "free: %s:%d:%s: %" UVxf "\n",
4754 filename, linenumber, funcname,
4759 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4760 "%s_SV: %s:%d:%s: %" UVxf SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT "\n",
4761 mlt == MLT_NEW_SV ? "new" : "del",
4762 filename, linenumber, funcname,
4763 PTR2UV(sv) _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv));
4768 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
4772 #endif /* !PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
4774 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
4776 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
4777 mem_log_common (alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm)
4779 /* this is suboptimal, but bug compatible. User is providing their
4780 own implementation, but is getting these functions anyway, and they
4781 do nothing. But _NOIMPL users should be able to cope or fix */
4783 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, u, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
4784 /* mem_log_common_if_PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
4788 Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
4790 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4791 const char *funcname)
4793 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_ALLOC;
4795 mem_log_common_if(MLT_ALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
4796 NULL, NULL, newalloc,
4797 filename, linenumber, funcname);
4802 Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
4803 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
4804 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4805 const char *funcname)
4807 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_REALLOC;
4809 mem_log_common_if(MLT_REALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
4810 NULL, oldalloc, newalloc,
4811 filename, linenumber, funcname);
4816 Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc,
4817 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4818 const char *funcname)
4820 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_FREE;
4822 mem_log_common_if(MLT_FREE, 0, 0, "", NULL, oldalloc, NULL,
4823 filename, linenumber, funcname);
4828 Perl_mem_log_new_sv(const SV *sv,
4829 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4830 const char *funcname)
4832 mem_log_common_if(MLT_NEW_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
4833 filename, linenumber, funcname);
4837 Perl_mem_log_del_sv(const SV *sv,
4838 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4839 const char *funcname)
4841 mem_log_common_if(MLT_DEL_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
4842 filename, linenumber, funcname);
4845 #endif /* PERL_MEM_LOG */
4848 =for apidoc quadmath_format_single
4850 C<quadmath_snprintf()> is very strict about its C<format> string and will
4851 fail, returning -1, if the format is invalid. It accepts exactly
4854 C<quadmath_format_single()> checks that the intended single spec looks
4855 sane: begins with C<%>, has only one C<%>, ends with C<[efgaEFGA]>,
4856 and has C<Q> before it. This is not a full "printf syntax check",
4859 Returns the format if it is valid, NULL if not.
4861 C<quadmath_format_single()> can and will actually patch in the missing
4862 C<Q>, if necessary. In this case it will return the modified copy of
4863 the format, B<which the caller will need to free.>
4865 See also L</quadmath_format_needed>.
4871 Perl_quadmath_format_single(const char* format)
4875 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_QUADMATH_FORMAT_SINGLE;
4877 if (format[0] != '%' || strchr(format + 1, '%'))
4879 len = strlen(format);
4880 /* minimum length three: %Qg */
4881 if (len < 3 || strchr("efgaEFGA", format[len - 1]) == NULL)
4883 if (format[len - 2] != 'Q') {
4885 Newx(fixed, len + 1, char);
4886 memcpy(fixed, format, len - 1);
4887 fixed[len - 1] = 'Q';
4888 fixed[len ] = format[len - 1];
4890 return (const char*)fixed;
4897 =for apidoc quadmath_format_needed
4899 C<quadmath_format_needed()> returns true if the C<format> string seems to
4900 contain at least one non-Q-prefixed C<%[efgaEFGA]> format specifier,
4901 or returns false otherwise.
4903 The format specifier detection is not complete printf-syntax detection,
4904 but it should catch most common cases.
4906 If true is returned, those arguments B<should> in theory be processed
4907 with C<quadmath_snprintf()>, but in case there is more than one such
4908 format specifier (see L</quadmath_format_single>), and if there is
4909 anything else beyond that one (even just a single byte), they
4910 B<cannot> be processed because C<quadmath_snprintf()> is very strict,
4911 accepting only one format spec, and nothing else.
4912 In this case, the code should probably fail.
4918 Perl_quadmath_format_needed(const char* format)
4920 const char *p = format;
4923 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_QUADMATH_FORMAT_NEEDED;
4925 while ((q = strchr(p, '%'))) {
4927 if (*q == '+') /* plus */
4929 if (*q == '#') /* alt */
4931 if (*q == '*') /* width */
4935 while (isDIGIT(*q)) q++;
4938 if (*q == '.' && (q[1] == '*' || isDIGIT(q[1]))) { /* prec */
4943 while (isDIGIT(*q)) q++;
4945 if (strchr("efgaEFGA", *q)) /* Would have needed 'Q' in front. */
4954 =for apidoc my_snprintf
4956 The C library C<snprintf> functionality (using C<vsnprintf>).
4957 Consider using C<sv_vcatpvf> instead.
4962 Perl_my_snprintf(char *buffer, const Size_t len, const char *format, ...)
4966 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_SNPRINTF;
4967 va_start(ap, format);
4970 const char* qfmt = quadmath_format_single(format);
4971 bool quadmath_valid = FALSE;
4973 /* If the format looked promising, use it as quadmath. */
4974 retval = quadmath_snprintf(buffer, len, qfmt, va_arg(ap, NV));
4976 if (qfmt != format) {
4980 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: quadmath_snprintf failed, format \"%s\"", qfmt);
4982 quadmath_valid = TRUE;
4987 assert(qfmt == NULL);
4988 /* quadmath_format_single() will return false for example for
4989 * "foo = %g", or simply "%g". We could handle the %g by
4990 * using quadmath for the NV args. More complex cases of
4991 * course exist: "foo = %g, bar = %g", or "foo=%Qg" (otherwise
4992 * quadmath-valid but has stuff in front).
4994 * Handling the "Q-less" cases right would require walking
4995 * through the va_list and rewriting the format, calling
4996 * quadmath for the NVs, building a new va_list, and then
4997 * letting vsnprintf to take care of the other
4998 * arguments. This may be doable.
5000 * We do not attempt that now. But for paranoia, we here try
5001 * to detect some common (but not all) cases where the
5002 * "Q-less" %[efgaEFGA] formats are present, and die if
5003 * detected. This doesn't fix the problem, but it stops the
5004 * vsnprintf pulling doubles off the va_list when
5005 * __float128 NVs should be pulled off instead.
5007 * If quadmath_format_needed() returns false, we are reasonably
5008 * certain that we can call vnsprintf() or vsprintf() safely. */
5009 if (!quadmath_valid && quadmath_format_needed(format))
5010 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: quadmath_snprintf failed, format \"%s\"", format);
5015 retval = vsnprintf(buffer, len, format, ap);
5017 /* vsnprintf() shows failure with >= len */
5018 if (len > 0 && (Size_t)retval >= len)
5019 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: my_snprintf buffer overflow");
5024 =for apidoc my_vsnprintf
5026 The C library C<vsnprintf>. Consider using C<sv_vcatpvf> instead.
5031 Perl_my_vsnprintf(char *buffer, const Size_t len, const char *format, va_list ap)
5034 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(buffer);
5035 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(len);
5036 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(format);
5037 /* the cast is to avoid gcc -Wsizeof-array-argument complaining */
5038 PERL_UNUSED_ARG((void*)ap);
5039 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: my_vsnprintf not available with quadmath");
5046 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_VSNPRINTF;
5047 Perl_va_copy(ap, apc);
5048 retval = vsnprintf(buffer, len, format, apc);
5051 retval = vsnprintf(buffer, len, format, ap);
5052 #endif /* #ifdef NEED_VA_COPY */
5053 /* vsnprintf() shows failure with >= len */
5054 if (len > 0 && (Size_t)retval >= len)
5055 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: my_vsnprintf buffer overflow");
5061 Perl_my_clearenv(pTHX)
5064 #if ! defined(PERL_MICRO)
5065 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined(WIN32)
5067 # else /* ! (PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS || WIN32) */
5068 # if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY)
5069 # if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
5070 /* only the parent thread can clobber the process environment */
5071 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
5072 # endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
5074 # if ! defined(PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV)
5075 if ( !PL_use_safe_putenv) {
5077 if (environ == PL_origenviron)
5078 environ = (char**)safesysmalloc(sizeof(char*));
5080 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
5081 (void)safesysfree(environ[i]);
5084 # else /* PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
5085 # if defined(HAS_CLEARENV)
5087 # elif defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
5088 int bsiz = 80; /* Most envvar names will be shorter than this. */
5089 char *buf = (char*)safesysmalloc(bsiz);
5090 while (*environ != NULL) {
5091 char *e = strchr(*environ, '=');
5092 int l = e ? e - *environ : (int)strlen(*environ);
5094 (void)safesysfree(buf);
5095 bsiz = l + 1; /* + 1 for the \0. */
5096 buf = (char*)safesysmalloc(bsiz);
5098 memcpy(buf, *environ, l);
5100 (void)unsetenv(buf);
5102 (void)safesysfree(buf);
5103 # else /* ! HAS_CLEARENV && ! HAS_UNSETENV */
5104 /* Just null environ and accept the leakage. */
5106 # endif /* HAS_CLEARENV || HAS_UNSETENV */
5107 # endif /* ! PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV */
5109 # endif /* USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY */
5110 # endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS || WIN32 */
5111 #endif /* PERL_MICRO */
5114 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5116 /* Implements the MY_CXT_INIT macro. The first time a module is loaded,
5117 the global PL_my_cxt_index is incremented, and that value is assigned to
5118 that module's static my_cxt_index (who's address is passed as an arg).
5119 Then, for each interpreter this function is called for, it makes sure a
5120 void* slot is available to hang the static data off, by allocating or
5121 extending the interpreter's PL_my_cxt_list array */
5123 #ifndef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
5125 Perl_my_cxt_init(pTHX_ int *index, size_t size)
5129 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_CXT_INIT;
5131 /* this module hasn't been allocated an index yet */
5132 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5133 *index = PL_my_cxt_index++;
5134 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5137 /* make sure the array is big enough */
5138 if (PL_my_cxt_size <= *index) {
5139 if (PL_my_cxt_size) {
5140 IV new_size = PL_my_cxt_size;
5141 while (new_size <= *index)
5143 Renew(PL_my_cxt_list, new_size, void *);
5144 PL_my_cxt_size = new_size;
5147 PL_my_cxt_size = 16;
5148 Newx(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
5151 /* newSV() allocates one more than needed */
5152 p = (void*)SvPVX(newSV(size-1));
5153 PL_my_cxt_list[*index] = p;
5154 Zero(p, size, char);
5158 #else /* #ifndef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
5161 Perl_my_cxt_index(pTHX_ const char *my_cxt_key)
5166 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_CXT_INDEX;
5168 for (index = 0; index < PL_my_cxt_index; index++) {
5169 const char *key = PL_my_cxt_keys[index];
5170 /* try direct pointer compare first - there are chances to success,
5171 * and it's much faster.
5173 if ((key == my_cxt_key) || strEQ(key, my_cxt_key))
5180 Perl_my_cxt_init(pTHX_ const char *my_cxt_key, size_t size)
5186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_CXT_INIT;
5188 index = Perl_my_cxt_index(aTHX_ my_cxt_key);
5190 /* this module hasn't been allocated an index yet */
5191 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5192 index = PL_my_cxt_index++;
5193 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_my_ctx_mutex);
5196 /* make sure the array is big enough */
5197 if (PL_my_cxt_size <= index) {
5198 int old_size = PL_my_cxt_size;
5200 if (PL_my_cxt_size) {
5201 IV new_size = PL_my_cxt_size;
5202 while (new_size <= index)
5204 Renew(PL_my_cxt_list, new_size, void *);
5205 Renew(PL_my_cxt_keys, new_size, const char *);
5206 PL_my_cxt_size = new_size;
5209 PL_my_cxt_size = 16;
5210 Newx(PL_my_cxt_list, PL_my_cxt_size, void *);
5211 Newx(PL_my_cxt_keys, PL_my_cxt_size, const char *);
5213 for (i = old_size; i < PL_my_cxt_size; i++) {
5214 PL_my_cxt_keys[i] = 0;
5215 PL_my_cxt_list[i] = 0;
5218 PL_my_cxt_keys[index] = my_cxt_key;
5219 /* newSV() allocates one more than needed */
5220 p = (void*)SvPVX(newSV(size-1));
5221 PL_my_cxt_list[index] = p;
5222 Zero(p, size, char);
5225 #endif /* #ifndef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
5226 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
5229 /* Perl_xs_handshake():
5230 implement the various XS_*_BOOTCHECK macros, which are added to .c
5231 files by ExtUtils::ParseXS, to check that the perl the module was built
5232 with is binary compatible with the running perl.
5235 Perl_xs_handshake(U32 key, void * v_my_perl, const char * file,
5236 [U32 items, U32 ax], [char * api_version], [char * xs_version])
5238 The meaning of the varargs is determined the U32 key arg (which is not
5239 a format string). The fields of key are assembled by using HS_KEY().
5241 Under PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEX, the v_my_perl arg is of type
5242 "PerlInterpreter *" and represents the callers context; otherwise it is
5243 of type "CV *", and is the boot xsub's CV.
5245 v_my_perl will catch where a threaded future perl526.dll calling IO.dll
5246 for example, and IO.dll was linked with threaded perl524.dll, and both
5247 perl526.dll and perl524.dll are in %PATH and the Win32 DLL loader
5248 successfully can load IO.dll into the process but simultaneously it
5249 loaded an interpreter of a different version into the process, and XS
5250 code will naturally pass SV*s created by perl524.dll for perl526.dll to
5251 use through perl526.dll's my_perl->Istack_base.
5253 v_my_perl cannot be the first arg, since then 'key' will be out of
5254 place in a threaded vs non-threaded mixup; and analyzing the key
5255 number's bitfields won't reveal the problem, since it will be a valid
5256 key (unthreaded perl) on interp side, but croak will report the XS mod's
5257 key as gibberish (it is really a my_perl ptr) (threaded XS mod); or if
5258 it's a threaded perl and an unthreaded XS module, threaded perl will
5259 look at an uninit C stack or an uninit register to get 'key'
5260 (remember that it assumes that the 1st arg is the interp cxt).
5262 'file' is the source filename of the caller.
5266 Perl_xs_handshake(const U32 key, void * v_my_perl, const char * file, ...)
5272 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_XS_HANDSHAKE;
5280 va_start(args, file);
5282 got = INT2PTR(void*, (UV)(key & HSm_KEY_MATCH));
5283 need = (void *)(HS_KEY(FALSE, FALSE, "", "") & HSm_KEY_MATCH);
5284 if (UNLIKELY(got != need))
5286 /* try to catch where a 2nd threaded perl interp DLL is loaded into a process
5287 by a XS DLL compiled against the wrong interl DLL b/c of bad @INC, and the
5288 2nd threaded perl interp DLL never initialized its TLS/PERL_SYS_INIT3 so
5289 dTHX call from 2nd interp DLL can't return the my_perl that pp_entersub
5290 passed to the XS DLL */
5291 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5292 xs_interp = (tTHX)v_my_perl;
5296 /* try to catch where an unthreaded perl interp DLL (for ex. perl522.dll) is
5297 loaded into a process by a XS DLL built by an unthreaded perl522.dll perl,
5298 but the DynaLoder/Perl that started the process and loaded the XS DLL is
5299 unthreaded perl524.dll, since unthreadeds don't pass my_perl (a unique *)
5300 through pp_entersub, use a unique value (which is a pointer to PL_stack_sp's
5301 location in the unthreaded perl binary) stored in CV * to figure out if this
5302 Perl_xs_handshake was called by the same pp_entersub */
5303 cv = (CV*)v_my_perl;
5304 xs_spp = (SV***)CvHSCXT(cv);
5306 need = &PL_stack_sp;
5308 if(UNLIKELY(got != need)) {
5309 bad_handshake:/* recycle branch and string from above */
5310 if(got != (void *)HSf_NOCHK)
5311 noperl_die("%s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched"
5312 " (got handshake key %p, needed %p)\n",
5316 if(key & HSf_SETXSUBFN) { /* this might be called from a module bootstrap */
5317 SAVEPPTR(PL_xsubfilename);/* which was require'd from a XSUB BEGIN */
5318 PL_xsubfilename = file; /* so the old name must be restored for
5319 additional XSUBs to register themselves */
5320 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
5321 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
5322 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
5325 if(key & HSf_POPMARK) {
5327 { SV **mark = PL_stack_base + ax++;
5329 items = (I32)(SP - MARK);
5333 items = va_arg(args, U32);
5334 ax = va_arg(args, U32);
5338 assert(HS_GETAPIVERLEN(key) <= UCHAR_MAX);
5339 if((apiverlen = HS_GETAPIVERLEN(key))) {
5340 char * api_p = va_arg(args, char*);
5341 if(apiverlen != sizeof("v" PERL_API_VERSION_STRING)-1
5342 || memNE(api_p, "v" PERL_API_VERSION_STRING,
5343 sizeof("v" PERL_API_VERSION_STRING)-1))
5344 Perl_croak_nocontext("Perl API version %s of %" SVf " does not match %s",
5345 api_p, SVfARG(PL_stack_base[ax + 0]),
5346 "v" PERL_API_VERSION_STRING);
5351 assert(HS_GETXSVERLEN(key) <= UCHAR_MAX && HS_GETXSVERLEN(key) <= HS_APIVERLEN_MAX);
5352 if((xsverlen = HS_GETXSVERLEN(key)))
5353 S_xs_version_bootcheck(aTHX_
5354 items, ax, va_arg(args, char*), xsverlen);
5362 S_xs_version_bootcheck(pTHX_ U32 items, U32 ax, const char *xs_p,
5366 const char *vn = NULL;
5367 SV *const module = PL_stack_base[ax];
5369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
5371 if (items >= 2) /* version supplied as bootstrap arg */
5372 sv = PL_stack_base[ax + 1];
5374 /* XXX GV_ADDWARN */
5376 sv = get_sv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" SVf "::%s", SVfARG(module), vn), 0);
5377 if (!sv || !SvOK(sv)) {
5379 sv = get_sv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" SVf "::%s", SVfARG(module), vn), 0);
5383 SV *xssv = Perl_newSVpvn_flags(aTHX_ xs_p, xs_len, SVs_TEMP);
5384 SV *pmsv = sv_isobject(sv) && sv_derived_from(sv, "version")
5385 ? sv : sv_2mortal(new_version(sv));
5386 xssv = upg_version(xssv, 0);
5387 if ( vcmp(pmsv,xssv) ) {
5388 SV *string = vstringify(xssv);
5389 SV *xpt = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%" SVf " object version %" SVf
5390 " does not match ", SVfARG(module), SVfARG(string));
5392 SvREFCNT_dec(string);
5393 string = vstringify(pmsv);
5396 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ xpt, "$%" SVf "::%s %" SVf, SVfARG(module), vn,
5399 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ xpt, "bootstrap parameter %" SVf, SVfARG(string));
5401 SvREFCNT_dec(string);
5403 Perl_sv_2mortal(aTHX_ xpt);
5404 Perl_croak_sv(aTHX_ xpt);
5410 =for apidoc my_strlcat
5412 The C library C<strlcat> if available, or a Perl implementation of it.
5413 This operates on C C<NUL>-terminated strings.
5415 C<my_strlcat()> appends string C<src> to the end of C<dst>. It will append at
5416 most S<C<size - strlen(dst) - 1>> characters. It will then C<NUL>-terminate,
5417 unless C<size> is 0 or the original C<dst> string was longer than C<size> (in
5418 practice this should not happen as it means that either C<size> is incorrect or
5419 that C<dst> is not a proper C<NUL>-terminated string).
5421 Note that C<size> is the full size of the destination buffer and
5422 the result is guaranteed to be C<NUL>-terminated if there is room. Note that
5423 room for the C<NUL> should be included in C<size>.
5425 The return value is the total length that C<dst> would have if C<size> is
5426 sufficiently large. Thus it is the initial length of C<dst> plus the length of
5427 C<src>. If C<size> is smaller than the return, the excess was not appended.
5431 Description stolen from http://man.openbsd.org/strlcat.3
5435 Perl_my_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, Size_t size)
5437 Size_t used, length, copy;
5440 length = strlen(src);
5441 if (size > 0 && used < size - 1) {
5442 copy = (length >= size - used) ? size - used - 1 : length;
5443 memcpy(dst + used, src, copy);
5444 dst[used + copy] = '\0';
5446 return used + length;
5452 =for apidoc my_strlcpy
5454 The C library C<strlcpy> if available, or a Perl implementation of it.
5455 This operates on C C<NUL>-terminated strings.
5457 C<my_strlcpy()> copies up to S<C<size - 1>> characters from the string C<src>
5458 to C<dst>, C<NUL>-terminating the result if C<size> is not 0.
5460 The return value is the total length C<src> would be if the copy completely
5461 succeeded. If it is larger than C<size>, the excess was not copied.
5465 Description stolen from http://man.openbsd.org/strlcpy.3
5469 Perl_my_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, Size_t size)
5471 Size_t length, copy;
5473 length = strlen(src);
5475 copy = (length >= size) ? size - 1 : length;
5476 memcpy(dst, src, copy);
5483 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1300) && (_MSC_VER < 1400) && (WINVER < 0x0500)
5484 /* VC7 or 7.1, building with pre-VC7 runtime libraries. */
5485 long _ftol( double ); /* Defined by VC6 C libs. */
5486 long _ftol2( double dblSource ) { return _ftol( dblSource ); }
5489 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
5490 S_gv_has_usable_name(pTHX_ GV *gv)
5494 && HvENAME(GvSTASH(gv))
5495 && (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchhek(
5496 GvSTASH(gv), GvNAME_HEK(gv), 0
5502 Perl_get_db_sub(pTHX_ SV **svp, CV *cv)
5504 SV * const dbsv = GvSVn(PL_DBsub);
5505 const bool save_taint = TAINT_get;
5507 /* When we are called from pp_goto (svp is null),
5508 * we do not care about using dbsv to call CV;
5509 * it's for informational purposes only.
5512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_DB_SUB;
5516 if (!PERLDB_SUB_NN) {
5519 if (!svp && !CvLEXICAL(cv)) {
5520 gv_efullname3(dbsv, gv, NULL);
5522 else if ( (CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_ANON | CVf_CLONED)) || CvLEXICAL(cv)
5523 || strEQ(GvNAME(gv), "END")
5524 || ( /* Could be imported, and old sub redefined. */
5525 (GvCV(gv) != cv || !S_gv_has_usable_name(aTHX_ gv))
5527 !( (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_PVGV)
5528 && (GvCV((const GV *)*svp) == cv)
5529 /* Use GV from the stack as a fallback. */
5530 && S_gv_has_usable_name(aTHX_ gv = (GV *)*svp)
5534 /* GV is potentially non-unique, or contain different CV. */
5535 SV * const tmp = newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
5536 sv_setsv(dbsv, tmp);
5540 sv_sethek(dbsv, HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)));
5541 sv_catpvs(dbsv, "::");
5542 sv_cathek(dbsv, GvNAME_HEK(gv));
5546 const int type = SvTYPE(dbsv);
5547 if (type < SVt_PVIV && type != SVt_IV)
5548 sv_upgrade(dbsv, SVt_PVIV);
5549 (void)SvIOK_on(dbsv);
5550 SvIV_set(dbsv, PTR2IV(cv)); /* Do it the quickest way */
5553 TAINT_IF(save_taint);
5554 #ifdef NO_TAINT_SUPPORT
5555 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(save_taint);
5560 Perl_my_dirfd(DIR * dir) {
5562 /* Most dirfd implementations have problems when passed NULL. */
5567 #elif defined(HAS_DIR_DD_FD)
5570 Perl_croak_nocontext(PL_no_func, "dirfd");
5571 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
5578 #define TEMP_FILE_CH "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyz0123456789"
5579 #define TEMP_FILE_CH_COUNT (sizeof(TEMP_FILE_CH)-1)
5582 Perl_my_mkstemp(char *templte) {
5584 STRLEN len = strlen(templte);
5588 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MKSTEMP;
5591 templte[len-1] != 'X' || templte[len-2] != 'X' || templte[len-3] != 'X' ||
5592 templte[len-4] != 'X' || templte[len-5] != 'X' || templte[len-6] != 'X') {
5599 for (i = 1; i <= 6; ++i) {
5600 templte[len-i] = TEMP_FILE_CH[(int)(Perl_internal_drand48() * TEMP_FILE_CH_COUNT)];
5602 fd = PerlLIO_open3(templte, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0600);
5603 } while (fd == -1 && errno == EEXIST && ++attempts <= 100);
5611 Perl_get_re_arg(pTHX_ SV *sv) {
5617 sv = MUTABLE_SV(SvRV(sv));
5618 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_REGEXP)
5619 return (REGEXP*) sv;
5626 * This code is derived from drand48() implementation from FreeBSD,
5627 * found in lib/libc/gen/_rand48.c.
5629 * The U64 implementation is original, based on the POSIX
5630 * specification for drand48().
5634 * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
5635 * All rights reserved.
5637 * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
5638 * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
5639 * following conditions are retained.
5641 * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
5642 * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
5643 * to anyone/anything when using this software.
5646 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_SEED_0 (0x330e)
5648 #ifdef PERL_DRAND48_QUAD
5650 #define DRAND48_MULT U64_CONST(0x5deece66d)
5651 #define DRAND48_ADD 0xb
5652 #define DRAND48_MASK U64_CONST(0xffffffffffff)
5656 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_SEED_1 (0xabcd)
5657 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_SEED_2 (0x1234)
5658 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_0 (0xe66d)
5659 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_1 (0xdeec)
5660 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_2 (0x0005)
5661 #define FREEBSD_DRAND48_ADD (0x000b)
5663 const unsigned short _rand48_mult[3] = {
5664 FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_0,
5665 FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_1,
5666 FREEBSD_DRAND48_MULT_2
5668 const unsigned short _rand48_add = FREEBSD_DRAND48_ADD;
5673 Perl_drand48_init_r(perl_drand48_t *random_state, U32 seed)
5675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DRAND48_INIT_R;
5677 #ifdef PERL_DRAND48_QUAD
5678 *random_state = FREEBSD_DRAND48_SEED_0 + ((U64)seed << 16);
5680 random_state->seed[0] = FREEBSD_DRAND48_SEED_0;
5681 random_state->seed[1] = (U16) seed;
5682 random_state->seed[2] = (U16) (seed >> 16);
5687 Perl_drand48_r(perl_drand48_t *random_state)
5689 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DRAND48_R;
5691 #ifdef PERL_DRAND48_QUAD
5692 *random_state = (*random_state * DRAND48_MULT + DRAND48_ADD)
5695 return ldexp((double)*random_state, -48);
5701 accu = (U32) _rand48_mult[0] * (U32) random_state->seed[0]
5702 + (U32) _rand48_add;
5703 temp[0] = (U16) accu; /* lower 16 bits */
5704 accu >>= sizeof(U16) * 8;
5705 accu += (U32) _rand48_mult[0] * (U32) random_state->seed[1]
5706 + (U32) _rand48_mult[1] * (U32) random_state->seed[0];
5707 temp[1] = (U16) accu; /* middle 16 bits */
5708 accu >>= sizeof(U16) * 8;
5709 accu += _rand48_mult[0] * random_state->seed[2]
5710 + _rand48_mult[1] * random_state->seed[1]
5711 + _rand48_mult[2] * random_state->seed[0];
5712 random_state->seed[0] = temp[0];
5713 random_state->seed[1] = temp[1];
5714 random_state->seed[2] = (U16) accu;
5716 return ldexp((double) random_state->seed[0], -48) +
5717 ldexp((double) random_state->seed[1], -32) +
5718 ldexp((double) random_state->seed[2], -16);
5723 #ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
5725 /* Possibly move all this USE_C_BACKTRACE code into a new file. */
5730 /* abfd is the BFD handle. */
5732 /* bfd_syms is the BFD symbol table. */
5734 /* bfd_text is handle to the the ".text" section of the object file. */
5736 /* Since opening the executable and scanning its symbols is quite
5737 * heavy operation, we remember the filename we used the last time,
5738 * and do the opening and scanning only if the filename changes.
5739 * This removes most (but not all) open+scan cycles. */
5740 const char* fname_prev;
5743 /* Given a dl_info, update the BFD context if necessary. */
5744 static void bfd_update(bfd_context* ctx, Dl_info* dl_info)
5746 /* BFD open and scan only if the filename changed. */
5747 if (ctx->fname_prev == NULL ||
5748 strNE(dl_info->dli_fname, ctx->fname_prev)) {
5750 bfd_close(ctx->abfd);
5752 ctx->abfd = bfd_openr(dl_info->dli_fname, 0);
5754 if (bfd_check_format(ctx->abfd, bfd_object)) {
5755 IV symbol_size = bfd_get_symtab_upper_bound(ctx->abfd);
5756 if (symbol_size > 0) {
5757 Safefree(ctx->bfd_syms);
5758 Newx(ctx->bfd_syms, symbol_size, asymbol*);
5760 bfd_get_section_by_name(ctx->abfd, ".text");
5768 ctx->fname_prev = dl_info->dli_fname;
5772 /* Given a raw frame, try to symbolize it and store
5773 * symbol information (source file, line number) away. */
5774 static void bfd_symbolize(bfd_context* ctx,
5777 STRLEN* symbol_name_size,
5779 STRLEN* source_name_size,
5780 STRLEN* source_line)
5782 *symbol_name = NULL;
5783 *symbol_name_size = 0;
5785 IV offset = PTR2IV(raw_frame) - PTR2IV(ctx->bfd_text->vma);
5787 bfd_canonicalize_symtab(ctx->abfd, ctx->bfd_syms) > 0) {
5790 unsigned int line = 0;
5791 if (bfd_find_nearest_line(ctx->abfd, ctx->bfd_text,
5792 ctx->bfd_syms, offset,
5793 &file, &func, &line) &&
5794 file && func && line > 0) {
5795 /* Size and copy the source file, use only
5796 * the basename of the source file.
5798 * NOTE: the basenames are fine for the
5799 * Perl source files, but may not always
5800 * be the best idea for XS files. */
5801 const char *p, *b = NULL;
5802 /* Look for the last slash. */
5803 for (p = file; *p; p++) {
5807 if (b == NULL || *b == 0) {
5810 *source_name_size = p - b + 1;
5811 Newx(*source_name, *source_name_size + 1, char);
5812 Copy(b, *source_name, *source_name_size + 1, char);
5814 *symbol_name_size = strlen(func);
5815 Newx(*symbol_name, *symbol_name_size + 1, char);
5816 Copy(func, *symbol_name, *symbol_name_size + 1, char);
5818 *source_line = line;
5824 #endif /* #ifdef USE_BFD */
5828 /* OS X has no public API for for 'symbolicating' (Apple official term)
5829 * stack addresses to {function_name, source_file, line_number}.
5830 * Good news: there is command line utility atos(1) which does that.
5831 * Bad news 1: it's a command line utility.
5832 * Bad news 2: one needs to have the Developer Tools installed.
5833 * Bad news 3: in newer releases it needs to be run as 'xcrun atos'.
5835 * To recap: we need to open a pipe for reading for a utility which
5836 * might not exist, or exists in different locations, and then parse
5837 * the output. And since this is all for a low-level API, we cannot
5838 * use high-level stuff. Thanks, Apple. */
5841 /* tool is set to the absolute pathname of the tool to use:
5844 /* format is set to a printf format string used for building
5845 * the external command to run. */
5847 /* unavail is set if e.g. xcrun cannot be found, or something
5848 * else happens that makes getting the backtrace dubious. Note,
5849 * however, that the context isn't persistent, the next call to
5850 * get_c_backtrace() will start from scratch. */
5852 /* fname is the current object file name. */
5854 /* object_base_addr is the base address of the shared object. */
5855 void* object_base_addr;
5858 /* Given |dl_info|, updates the context. If the context has been
5859 * marked unavailable, return immediately. If not but the tool has
5860 * not been set, set it to either "xcrun atos" or "atos" (also set the
5861 * format to use for creating commands for piping), or if neither is
5862 * unavailable (one needs the Developer Tools installed), mark the context
5863 * an unavailable. Finally, update the filename (object name),
5864 * and its base address. */
5866 static void atos_update(atos_context* ctx,
5871 if (ctx->tool == NULL) {
5872 const char* tools[] = {
5876 const char* formats[] = {
5877 "/usr/bin/xcrun atos -o '%s' -l %08x %08x 2>&1",
5878 "/usr/bin/atos -d -o '%s' -l %08x %08x 2>&1"
5882 for (i = 0; i < C_ARRAY_LENGTH(tools); i++) {
5883 if (stat(tools[i], &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
5884 ctx->tool = tools[i];
5885 ctx->format = formats[i];
5889 if (ctx->tool == NULL) {
5890 ctx->unavail = TRUE;
5894 if (ctx->fname == NULL ||
5895 strNE(dl_info->dli_fname, ctx->fname)) {
5896 ctx->fname = dl_info->dli_fname;
5897 ctx->object_base_addr = dl_info->dli_fbase;
5901 /* Given an output buffer end |p| and its |start|, matches
5902 * for the atos output, extracting the source code location
5903 * and returning non-NULL if possible, returning NULL otherwise. */
5904 static const char* atos_parse(const char* p,
5906 STRLEN* source_name_size,
5907 STRLEN* source_line) {
5908 /* atos() output is something like:
5909 * perl_parse (in miniperl) (perl.c:2314)\n\n".
5910 * We cannot use Perl regular expressions, because we need to
5911 * stay low-level. Therefore here we have a rolled-out version
5912 * of a state machine which matches _backwards_from_the_end_ and
5913 * if there's a success, returns the starts of the filename,
5914 * also setting the filename size and the source line number.
5915 * The matched regular expression is roughly "\(.*:\d+\)\s*$" */
5916 const char* source_number_start;
5917 const char* source_name_end;
5918 const char* source_line_end;
5919 const char* close_paren;
5922 /* Skip trailing whitespace. */
5923 while (p > start && isSPACE(*p)) p--;
5924 /* Now we should be at the close paren. */
5925 if (p == start || *p != ')')
5929 /* Now we should be in the line number. */
5930 if (p == start || !isDIGIT(*p))
5932 /* Skip over the digits. */
5933 while (p > start && isDIGIT(*p))
5935 /* Now we should be at the colon. */
5936 if (p == start || *p != ':')
5938 source_number_start = p + 1;
5939 source_name_end = p; /* Just beyond the end. */
5941 /* Look for the open paren. */
5942 while (p > start && *p != '(')
5947 *source_name_size = source_name_end - p;
5948 if (grok_atoUV(source_number_start, &uv, &source_line_end)
5949 && source_line_end == close_paren
5950 && uv <= PERL_INT_MAX
5952 *source_line = (STRLEN)uv;
5958 /* Given a raw frame, read a pipe from the symbolicator (that's the
5959 * technical term) atos, reads the result, and parses the source code
5960 * location. We must stay low-level, so we use snprintf(), pipe(),
5961 * and fread(), and then also parse the output ourselves. */
5962 static void atos_symbolize(atos_context* ctx,
5965 STRLEN* source_name_size,
5966 STRLEN* source_line)
5974 /* Simple security measure: if there's any funny business with
5975 * the object name (used as "-o '%s'" ), leave since at least
5976 * partially the user controls it. */
5977 for (p = ctx->fname; *p; p++) {
5978 if (*p == '\'' || isCNTRL(*p)) {
5979 ctx->unavail = TRUE;
5983 cnt = snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), ctx->format,
5984 ctx->fname, ctx->object_base_addr, raw_frame);
5985 if (cnt < sizeof(cmd)) {
5986 /* Undo nostdio.h #defines that disable stdio.
5987 * This is somewhat naughty, but is used elsewhere
5988 * in the core, and affects only OS X. */
5993 FILE* fp = popen(cmd, "r");
5994 /* At the moment we open a new pipe for each stack frame.
5995 * This is naturally somewhat slow, but hopefully generating
5996 * stack traces is never going to in a performance critical path.
5998 * We could play tricks with atos by batching the stack
5999 * addresses to be resolved: atos can either take multiple
6000 * addresses from the command line, or read addresses from
6001 * a file (though the mess of creating temporary files would
6002 * probably negate much of any possible speedup).
6004 * Normally there are only two objects present in the backtrace:
6005 * perl itself, and the libdyld.dylib. (Note that the object
6006 * filenames contain the full pathname, so perl may not always
6007 * be in the same place.) Whenever the object in the
6008 * backtrace changes, the base address also changes.
6010 * The problem with batching the addresses, though, would be
6011 * matching the results with the addresses: the parsing of
6012 * the results is already painful enough with a single address. */
6015 UV cnt = fread(out, 1, sizeof(out), fp);
6016 if (cnt < sizeof(out)) {
6017 const char* p = atos_parse(out + cnt - 1, out,
6022 *source_name_size, char);
6023 Copy(p, *source_name,
6024 *source_name_size, char);
6032 #endif /* #ifdef PERL_DARWIN */
6035 =for apidoc get_c_backtrace
6037 Collects the backtrace (aka "stacktrace") into a single linear
6038 malloced buffer, which the caller B<must> C<Perl_free_c_backtrace()>.
6040 Scans the frames back by S<C<depth + skip>>, then drops the C<skip> innermost,
6041 returning at most C<depth> frames.
6047 Perl_get_c_backtrace(pTHX_ int depth, int skip)
6049 /* Note that here we must stay as low-level as possible: Newx(),
6050 * Copy(), Safefree(); since we may be called from anywhere,
6051 * so we should avoid higher level constructs like SVs or AVs.
6053 * Since we are using safesysmalloc() via Newx(), don't try
6054 * getting backtrace() there, unless you like deep recursion. */
6056 /* Currently only implemented with backtrace() and dladdr(),
6057 * for other platforms NULL is returned. */
6059 #if defined(HAS_BACKTRACE) && defined(HAS_DLADDR)
6060 /* backtrace() is available via <execinfo.h> in glibc and in most
6061 * modern BSDs; dladdr() is available via <dlfcn.h>. */
6063 /* We try fetching this many frames total, but then discard
6064 * the |skip| first ones. For the remaining ones we will try
6065 * retrieving more information with dladdr(). */
6066 int try_depth = skip + depth;
6068 /* The addresses (program counters) returned by backtrace(). */
6071 /* Retrieved with dladdr() from the addresses returned by backtrace(). */
6074 /* Sizes _including_ the terminating \0 of the object name
6075 * and symbol name strings. */
6076 STRLEN* object_name_sizes;
6077 STRLEN* symbol_name_sizes;
6080 /* The symbol names comes either from dli_sname,
6081 * or if using BFD, they can come from BFD. */
6082 char** symbol_names;
6085 /* The source code location information. Dug out with e.g. BFD. */
6086 char** source_names;
6087 STRLEN* source_name_sizes;
6088 STRLEN* source_lines;
6090 Perl_c_backtrace* bt = NULL; /* This is what will be returned. */
6091 int got_depth; /* How many frames were returned from backtrace(). */
6092 UV frame_count = 0; /* How many frames we return. */
6093 UV total_bytes = 0; /* The size of the whole returned backtrace. */
6096 bfd_context bfd_ctx;
6099 atos_context atos_ctx;
6102 /* Here are probably possibilities for optimizing. We could for
6103 * example have a struct that contains most of these and then
6104 * allocate |try_depth| of them, saving a bunch of malloc calls.
6105 * Note, however, that |frames| could not be part of that struct
6106 * because backtrace() will want an array of just them. Also be
6107 * careful about the name strings. */
6108 Newx(raw_frames, try_depth, void*);
6109 Newx(dl_infos, try_depth, Dl_info);
6110 Newx(object_name_sizes, try_depth, STRLEN);
6111 Newx(symbol_name_sizes, try_depth, STRLEN);
6112 Newx(source_names, try_depth, char*);
6113 Newx(source_name_sizes, try_depth, STRLEN);
6114 Newx(source_lines, try_depth, STRLEN);
6116 Newx(symbol_names, try_depth, char*);
6119 /* Get the raw frames. */
6120 got_depth = (int)backtrace(raw_frames, try_depth);
6122 /* We use dladdr() instead of backtrace_symbols() because we want
6123 * the full details instead of opaque strings. This is useful for
6124 * two reasons: () the details are needed for further symbolic
6125 * digging, for example in OS X (2) by having the details we fully
6126 * control the output, which in turn is useful when more platforms
6127 * are added: we can keep out output "portable". */
6129 /* We want a single linear allocation, which can then be freed
6130 * with a single swoop. We will do the usual trick of first
6131 * walking over the structure and seeing how much we need to
6132 * allocate, then allocating, and then walking over the structure
6133 * the second time and populating it. */
6135 /* First we must compute the total size of the buffer. */
6136 total_bytes = sizeof(Perl_c_backtrace_header);
6137 if (got_depth > skip) {
6140 bfd_init(); /* Is this safe to call multiple times? */
6141 Zero(&bfd_ctx, 1, bfd_context);
6144 Zero(&atos_ctx, 1, atos_context);
6146 for (i = skip; i < try_depth; i++) {
6147 Dl_info* dl_info = &dl_infos[i];
6149 object_name_sizes[i] = 0;
6150 source_names[i] = NULL;
6151 source_name_sizes[i] = 0;
6152 source_lines[i] = 0;
6154 /* Yes, zero from dladdr() is failure. */
6155 if (dladdr(raw_frames[i], dl_info)) {
6156 total_bytes += sizeof(Perl_c_backtrace_frame);
6158 object_name_sizes[i] =
6159 dl_info->dli_fname ? strlen(dl_info->dli_fname) : 0;
6160 symbol_name_sizes[i] =
6161 dl_info->dli_sname ? strlen(dl_info->dli_sname) : 0;
6163 bfd_update(&bfd_ctx, dl_info);
6164 bfd_symbolize(&bfd_ctx, raw_frames[i],
6166 &symbol_name_sizes[i],
6168 &source_name_sizes[i],
6172 atos_update(&atos_ctx, dl_info);
6173 atos_symbolize(&atos_ctx,
6176 &source_name_sizes[i],
6180 /* Plus ones for the terminating \0. */
6181 total_bytes += object_name_sizes[i] + 1;
6182 total_bytes += symbol_name_sizes[i] + 1;
6183 total_bytes += source_name_sizes[i] + 1;
6191 Safefree(bfd_ctx.bfd_syms);
6195 /* Now we can allocate and populate the result buffer. */
6196 Newxc(bt, total_bytes, char, Perl_c_backtrace);
6197 Zero(bt, total_bytes, char);
6198 bt->header.frame_count = frame_count;
6199 bt->header.total_bytes = total_bytes;
6200 if (frame_count > 0) {
6201 Perl_c_backtrace_frame* frame = bt->frame_info;
6202 char* name_base = (char *)(frame + frame_count);
6203 char* name_curr = name_base; /* Outputting the name strings here. */
6205 for (i = skip; i < skip + frame_count; i++) {
6206 Dl_info* dl_info = &dl_infos[i];
6208 frame->addr = raw_frames[i];
6209 frame->object_base_addr = dl_info->dli_fbase;
6210 frame->symbol_addr = dl_info->dli_saddr;
6212 /* Copies a string, including the \0, and advances the name_curr.
6213 * Also copies the start and the size to the frame. */
6214 #define PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY(frame, doffset, src, dsize, size) \
6216 Copy(src, name_curr, size, char); \
6217 frame->doffset = name_curr - (char*)bt; \
6218 frame->dsize = size; \
6219 name_curr += size; \
6222 PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY(frame, object_name_offset,
6224 object_name_size, object_name_sizes[i]);
6227 PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY(frame, symbol_name_offset,
6229 symbol_name_size, symbol_name_sizes[i]);
6230 Safefree(symbol_names[i]);
6232 PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY(frame, symbol_name_offset,
6234 symbol_name_size, symbol_name_sizes[i]);
6237 PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY(frame, source_name_offset,
6239 source_name_size, source_name_sizes[i]);
6240 Safefree(source_names[i]);
6242 #undef PERL_C_BACKTRACE_STRCPY
6244 frame->source_line_number = source_lines[i];
6248 assert(total_bytes ==
6249 (UV)(sizeof(Perl_c_backtrace_header) +
6250 frame_count * sizeof(Perl_c_backtrace_frame) +
6251 name_curr - name_base));
6254 Safefree(symbol_names);
6256 bfd_close(bfd_ctx.abfd);
6259 Safefree(source_lines);
6260 Safefree(source_name_sizes);
6261 Safefree(source_names);
6262 Safefree(symbol_name_sizes);
6263 Safefree(object_name_sizes);
6264 /* Assuming the strings returned by dladdr() are pointers
6265 * to read-only static memory (the object file), so that
6266 * they do not need freeing (and cannot be). */
6268 Safefree(raw_frames);
6271 PERL_UNUSED_ARGV(depth);
6272 PERL_UNUSED_ARGV(skip);
6278 =for apidoc free_c_backtrace
6280 Deallocates a backtrace received from get_c_bracktrace.
6286 =for apidoc get_c_backtrace_dump
6288 Returns a SV containing a dump of C<depth> frames of the call stack, skipping
6289 the C<skip> innermost ones. C<depth> of 20 is usually enough.
6291 The appended output looks like:
6294 1 10e004812:0082 Perl_croak util.c:1716 /usr/bin/perl
6295 2 10df8d6d2:1d72 perl_parse perl.c:3975 /usr/bin/perl
6298 The fields are tab-separated. The first column is the depth (zero
6299 being the innermost non-skipped frame). In the hex:offset, the hex is
6300 where the program counter was in C<S_parse_body>, and the :offset (might
6301 be missing) tells how much inside the C<S_parse_body> the program counter was.
6303 The C<util.c:1716> is the source code file and line number.
6305 The F</usr/bin/perl> is obvious (hopefully).
6307 Unknowns are C<"-">. Unknowns can happen unfortunately quite easily:
6308 if the platform doesn't support retrieving the information;
6309 if the binary is missing the debug information;
6310 if the optimizer has transformed the code by for example inlining.
6316 Perl_get_c_backtrace_dump(pTHX_ int depth, int skip)
6318 Perl_c_backtrace* bt;
6320 bt = get_c_backtrace(depth, skip + 1 /* Hide ourselves. */);
6322 Perl_c_backtrace_frame* frame;
6323 SV* dsv = newSVpvs("");
6325 for (i = 0, frame = bt->frame_info;
6326 i < bt->header.frame_count; i++, frame++) {
6327 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "%d", (int)i);
6328 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "\t%p", frame->addr ? frame->addr : "-");
6329 /* Symbol (function) names might disappear without debug info.
6331 * The source code location might disappear in case of the
6332 * optimizer inlining or otherwise rearranging the code. */
6333 if (frame->symbol_addr) {
6334 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, ":%04x",
6336 ((char*)frame->addr - (char*)frame->symbol_addr));
6338 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "\t%s",
6339 frame->symbol_name_size &&
6340 frame->symbol_name_offset ?
6341 (char*)bt + frame->symbol_name_offset : "-");
6342 if (frame->source_name_size &&
6343 frame->source_name_offset &&
6344 frame->source_line_number) {
6345 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "\t%s:%" UVuf,
6346 (char*)bt + frame->source_name_offset,
6347 (UV)frame->source_line_number);
6349 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "\t-");
6351 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ dsv, "\t%s",
6352 frame->object_name_size &&
6353 frame->object_name_offset ?
6354 (char*)bt + frame->object_name_offset : "-");
6355 /* The frame->object_base_addr is not output,
6356 * but it is used for symbolizing/symbolicating. */
6357 sv_catpvs(dsv, "\n");
6360 Perl_free_c_backtrace(bt);
6369 =for apidoc dump_c_backtrace
6371 Dumps the C backtrace to the given C<fp>.
6373 Returns true if a backtrace could be retrieved, false if not.
6379 Perl_dump_c_backtrace(pTHX_ PerlIO* fp, int depth, int skip)
6383 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_C_BACKTRACE;
6385 sv = Perl_get_c_backtrace_dump(aTHX_ depth, skip);
6388 PerlIO_printf(fp, "%s", SvPV_nolen(sv));
6394 #endif /* #ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE */
6396 #ifdef PERL_TSA_ACTIVE
6398 /* pthread_mutex_t and perl_mutex are typedef equivalent
6399 * so casting the pointers is fine. */
6401 int perl_tsa_mutex_lock(perl_mutex* mutex)
6403 return pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
6406 int perl_tsa_mutex_unlock(perl_mutex* mutex)
6408 return pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
6411 int perl_tsa_mutex_destroy(perl_mutex* mutex)
6413 return pthread_mutex_destroy((pthread_mutex_t *) mutex);
6421 /* log a sub call or return */
6424 Perl_dtrace_probe_call(pTHX_ CV *cv, bool is_call)
6432 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DTRACE_PROBE_CALL;
6435 HEK *hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv);
6436 func = HEK_KEY(hek);
6442 start = (const COP *)CvSTART(cv);
6443 file = CopFILE(start);
6444 line = CopLINE(start);
6445 stash = CopSTASHPV(start);
6448 PERL_SUB_ENTRY(func, file, line, stash);
6451 PERL_SUB_RETURN(func, file, line, stash);
6456 /* log a require file loading/loaded */
6459 Perl_dtrace_probe_load(pTHX_ const char *name, bool is_loading)
6461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DTRACE_PROBE_LOAD;
6464 PERL_LOADING_FILE(name);
6467 PERL_LOADED_FILE(name);
6472 /* log an op execution */
6475 Perl_dtrace_probe_op(pTHX_ const OP *op)
6477 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DTRACE_PROBE_OP;
6479 PERL_OP_ENTRY(OP_NAME(op));
6483 /* log a compile/run phase change */
6486 Perl_dtrace_probe_phase(pTHX_ enum perl_phase phase)
6488 const char *ph_old = PL_phase_names[PL_phase];
6489 const char *ph_new = PL_phase_names[phase];
6491 PERL_PHASE_CHANGE(ph_new, ph_old);
6497 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: