4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
169 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
170 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
172 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
174 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
175 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
176 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
178 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
180 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
181 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
183 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
184 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
186 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
187 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
188 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
189 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
190 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
194 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
200 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
201 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
202 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
203 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
204 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
207 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
208 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
209 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
210 /* Remaining space is too small. */
212 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
214 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
215 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
217 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
218 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
219 slab->opslab_freed = o;
222 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
223 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
224 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
225 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
226 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
228 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
229 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
230 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
232 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
234 /* Create a new op slot */
235 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
236 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
237 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
238 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
239 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
241 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
247 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
249 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
253 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
254 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
255 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
256 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
257 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
258 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
259 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
260 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
265 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
269 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
271 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
273 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
274 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
275 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
276 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
277 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
278 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
279 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
286 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
289 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
290 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
293 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
297 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
300 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
305 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
307 PerlMemShared_free(op);
312 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
313 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
314 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
315 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
316 slab->opslab_freed = o;
317 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
318 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
322 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
325 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
329 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
336 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
341 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
342 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
343 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
344 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
346 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
348 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
349 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
351 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
352 perror("munmap failed");
356 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
362 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
367 size_t savestack_count = 0;
369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
372 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
374 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
375 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
376 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
382 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
383 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
384 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
387 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
388 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
389 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
391 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
393 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
394 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
401 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
403 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
406 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
407 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
420 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
423 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
425 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
427 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
429 result = --o->op_targ;
432 result = --o->op_targ;
438 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
439 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
441 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
442 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
443 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
444 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
446 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
448 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
450 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
452 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
453 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
457 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
459 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
463 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
468 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
470 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
472 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
478 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
480 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
481 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
482 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
487 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
490 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
495 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
499 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
504 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
506 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
508 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
509 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
514 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
519 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
523 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
528 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
532 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
537 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
538 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
539 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
541 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
544 /* "register" allocation */
547 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
551 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
553 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
555 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
556 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
559 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
561 assert(strlen(name) == len);
563 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
567 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
568 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
570 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
571 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
572 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
573 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
574 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
575 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
577 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
578 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
582 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
584 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
585 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
586 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
587 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
588 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
590 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
591 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
595 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
596 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
598 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
599 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
605 =for apidoc alloccopstash
607 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
608 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
615 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
617 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
618 bool found_slot = FALSE;
620 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
622 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
624 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
625 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
626 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
627 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
630 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
631 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
632 off = PL_stashpadmax;
633 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
636 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
641 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
642 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
645 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
651 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
653 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
659 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
664 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
666 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
667 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
668 may be freed before their parents. */
669 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
673 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
684 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
687 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
688 we maintain for reset(). */
689 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
699 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
700 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
704 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
706 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
707 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
712 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
715 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
718 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
719 * numbers etc even after null() */
720 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
726 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
733 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
741 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
746 switch (o->op_type) {
747 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
748 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
749 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
754 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
758 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
759 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
766 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
771 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
772 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
773 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
774 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
775 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
776 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
777 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
778 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
779 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
780 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
781 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
782 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
783 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
784 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
785 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
788 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
790 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
791 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
792 * may still exist on the pad */
793 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
794 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
797 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
798 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
801 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
804 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
808 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
811 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
812 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
815 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
816 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
817 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
818 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
821 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
831 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
836 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
837 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
839 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
840 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
841 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
844 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
845 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
849 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
850 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
854 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
858 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
859 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
860 * exist on the pad */
861 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
864 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
870 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
871 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
872 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
873 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
874 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
875 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
876 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
877 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
878 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
879 * happen before sv_clean_all
882 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
883 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
884 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
885 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
886 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
890 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
891 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
897 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
898 pad_free(o->op_targ);
904 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
906 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
909 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
910 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
911 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
915 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
921 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
923 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
925 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
926 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
928 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
929 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
934 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
935 array[i] = array[--count];
936 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
937 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
938 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
941 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
958 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
962 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
963 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
965 switch (kid->op_type) {
970 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
972 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
973 kid = kid->op_sibling;
979 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
985 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
989 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
990 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
991 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
995 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1003 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1006 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1010 /* Contextualizers */
1013 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1015 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1016 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1017 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1024 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1026 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1028 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1029 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1030 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1032 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1039 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1041 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1042 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1043 not be called directly.
1049 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1053 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1058 /* establish postfix order */
1059 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1062 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1065 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1066 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1067 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1081 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1083 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1085 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1092 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1098 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1099 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1100 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1101 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1103 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1104 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1105 of the conditional, not the last. */
1106 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1108 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1109 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1116 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1121 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1122 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1123 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1124 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1129 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1131 switch (o->op_type) {
1133 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1138 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1148 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1149 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1155 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1157 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1160 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1161 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1167 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1172 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1175 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1182 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1186 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1187 const char* useless = NULL;
1191 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1193 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1195 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1197 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1200 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1201 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1202 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1208 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1209 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1210 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1211 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1212 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1214 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1215 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1216 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1217 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1218 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1223 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1224 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1226 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1229 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1231 switch (o->op_type) {
1233 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1237 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1241 if (o->op_private == 4)
1266 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1285 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1286 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1291 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1316 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1317 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1318 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1322 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1323 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1325 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1327 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1329 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1333 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1334 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1335 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1338 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1342 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1343 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1347 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1354 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1355 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1356 useless = "a variable";
1361 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1362 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1364 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1365 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1366 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1367 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1369 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1370 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1371 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1372 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1374 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1375 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1376 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1377 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1378 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1379 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1380 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1381 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1382 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1383 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1384 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1387 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1389 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1391 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1392 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1394 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1395 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1399 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1400 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1403 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1406 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1410 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1411 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1415 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1416 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1420 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1421 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1425 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1426 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1431 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1434 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1437 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1438 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1441 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1443 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1446 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1447 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1448 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1451 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1454 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1456 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1459 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1460 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1461 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1463 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1464 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1465 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1477 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1478 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1479 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1481 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1483 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1485 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1486 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1495 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1500 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1507 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1518 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1529 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1530 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1531 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1532 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1535 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1536 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1543 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1545 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1547 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1554 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1559 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1560 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1561 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1562 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1567 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1568 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1570 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1573 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1575 switch (o->op_type) {
1578 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1583 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1591 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1593 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1594 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1595 return gen_constant_list(o);
1602 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1604 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1607 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1608 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1614 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1618 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1625 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1629 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1631 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1632 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1635 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1636 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1640 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1642 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1643 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1644 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1647 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1652 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1654 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1656 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1657 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1663 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1665 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1666 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1667 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1668 the tree thread-safe.
1673 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1678 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1686 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1688 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1690 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1692 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1693 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1695 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1696 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1697 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1698 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1699 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1700 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1701 finalize_op(prop_op);
1708 switch (o->op_type) {
1711 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1715 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1716 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1718 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1719 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1720 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1721 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1722 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1723 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1724 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1725 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1726 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1727 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1734 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1735 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1736 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1737 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1738 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1739 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1741 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1748 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1749 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1753 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1754 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1755 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1756 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1757 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1758 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1759 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1760 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1762 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1763 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1764 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1765 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1766 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1768 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1769 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1770 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1771 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1772 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1773 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1774 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1776 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1777 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1778 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1781 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1782 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1783 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1784 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1785 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1787 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1798 const char *key = NULL;
1801 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1804 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1805 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1806 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1807 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1808 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1809 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1810 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1816 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1819 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1820 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1822 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1823 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1825 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1826 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1828 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1829 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1830 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1831 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1832 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1833 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1834 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1846 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1848 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1849 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1850 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1851 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1853 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1854 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1856 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1857 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1858 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1860 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1861 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1862 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1864 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1870 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1871 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1873 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1874 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1876 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1877 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1878 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1879 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1880 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1881 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1883 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1884 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1885 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1886 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1887 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1888 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1889 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1890 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1897 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1898 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1905 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1907 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1913 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1915 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1916 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1917 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1918 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1921 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1922 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1923 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1925 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1926 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1932 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1936 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1939 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1942 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1943 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1948 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1950 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1952 switch (o->op_type) {
1957 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1961 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1962 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1963 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1964 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1965 poses, so we need it clear. */
1966 o->op_private &= ~1;
1967 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1968 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1969 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1972 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1973 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1974 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1975 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1976 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1977 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1978 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1981 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1982 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1985 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1986 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1988 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1989 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1990 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1991 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1993 while (kid->op_sibling)
1994 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1995 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1996 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1999 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2000 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2001 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2002 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2004 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2005 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2006 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2007 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2011 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2021 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2022 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2023 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2024 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2026 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2027 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2029 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2030 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2032 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2046 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2055 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2062 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2063 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2068 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2069 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2070 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2074 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2076 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2080 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2081 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2087 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2090 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2091 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2092 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2096 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2100 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2109 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2116 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2117 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2118 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2119 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2121 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2122 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2126 if (!type) /* local() */
2127 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2128 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2137 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2141 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2147 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2148 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2149 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2150 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2151 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2152 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2153 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2158 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2159 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2160 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2161 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2162 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2163 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2173 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2174 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2179 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2181 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2183 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2184 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2190 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2191 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2192 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2193 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2194 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2198 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2200 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2206 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2207 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2209 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2210 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2213 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2214 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2216 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2217 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2218 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2221 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2222 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2223 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2228 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2229 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2232 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2233 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2234 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2239 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2244 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2268 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2289 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2291 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2293 switch (o->op_type) {
2301 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2314 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2316 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2318 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2325 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2332 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2335 switch (o->op_type) {
2337 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2338 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2339 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2340 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2341 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2342 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2343 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2344 o->op_private &= ~1;
2346 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2347 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2348 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2350 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2356 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2357 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2360 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2361 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2362 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2365 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2366 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2367 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2369 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2376 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2379 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2380 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2381 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2387 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2392 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2394 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2398 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2399 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2400 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2401 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2403 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2413 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2415 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2425 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2430 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2432 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2433 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2434 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2436 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2437 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2439 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2443 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2445 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2446 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2447 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2448 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2449 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2456 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2459 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2461 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2463 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2464 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2466 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2467 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2469 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2470 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2472 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2473 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2474 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2475 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2477 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2482 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2485 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2486 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2493 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2494 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2495 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2497 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2498 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2499 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2500 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2501 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2502 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2504 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2505 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2508 /* Need package name for method call. */
2509 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2511 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2512 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2514 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2515 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2516 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2517 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2518 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2519 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2520 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2521 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2523 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2524 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2525 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2526 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2527 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2528 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2530 /* Combine the ops. */
2531 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2535 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2537 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2538 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2539 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2540 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2541 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2542 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2543 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2544 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2545 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2546 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2552 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2553 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2557 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2560 len = strlen(attrstr);
2564 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2566 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2567 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2568 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2569 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2570 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2574 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2575 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2576 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2577 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2578 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2579 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2580 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2585 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2589 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2591 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2593 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2597 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2598 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2602 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2604 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2605 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2607 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2609 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2611 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2612 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2613 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2615 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2617 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2619 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2620 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2621 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2622 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2623 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2624 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2625 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2628 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2631 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2634 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2636 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2638 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2640 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2643 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2646 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2647 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2649 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2650 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2652 stash = PL_curstash;
2653 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2655 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2656 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2658 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2663 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2667 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2671 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2672 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2674 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2684 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2686 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2687 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2688 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2691 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2692 which will mess up list assignment. */
2693 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2694 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2695 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2697 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2698 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2701 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2704 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2705 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2710 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2712 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2714 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2719 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2723 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2724 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2726 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2728 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2729 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2731 const char * const desc
2733 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2734 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2736 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2737 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2740 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2741 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2742 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2743 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2746 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2749 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2750 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2753 const char * const sample = (isary
2754 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2755 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2756 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2757 desc, sample, sample);
2761 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2762 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2763 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2765 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2768 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2769 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2771 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2772 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2773 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2775 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2776 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2777 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2778 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2779 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2781 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2783 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2786 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2787 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2788 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2789 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2790 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2791 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2792 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2795 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2796 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2798 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2800 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2804 return bind_match(type, left,
2805 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2809 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2813 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2817 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2819 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2820 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2821 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2822 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2823 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2824 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2831 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2835 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2836 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2837 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2838 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2840 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2842 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2843 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2844 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2845 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2848 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2849 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2851 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2856 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2862 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2864 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2865 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2866 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2867 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2874 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2877 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2879 pad_block_start(full);
2881 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2882 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2883 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2885 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2891 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2894 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2895 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2898 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2901 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2903 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2907 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2908 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2909 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2914 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2917 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2918 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2919 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2920 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2921 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2922 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2923 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2924 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2925 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2926 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2927 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2928 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2929 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2930 list of ops like this:
2954 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2955 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2956 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2957 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2958 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2959 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2960 if (kid == last) break;
2962 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2965 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2971 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2973 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2975 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2976 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2982 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2984 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2986 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2993 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2994 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2995 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2998 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2999 o->op_targ = offset;
3005 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3009 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3016 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3017 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3018 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3020 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3021 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3023 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3024 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3025 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3028 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3030 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3031 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3032 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3033 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3034 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3037 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3038 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3040 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3043 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3044 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3045 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3046 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3049 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3050 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3051 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3052 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3053 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3054 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3055 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3058 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3059 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3060 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3061 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3062 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3063 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3064 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3065 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3066 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3067 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3070 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3072 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3075 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3076 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3077 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3078 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3079 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3080 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3081 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3082 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3083 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3086 /* Register with debugger */
3088 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3092 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3094 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3101 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3107 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3108 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3109 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3116 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3117 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3118 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3120 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3123 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3124 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3128 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3129 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3132 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3134 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3140 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3141 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3142 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3144 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3146 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3156 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3157 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3158 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3163 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3165 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3167 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3169 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3170 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3175 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3176 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3178 I32 type = o->op_type;
3180 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3182 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3184 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3185 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3190 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3191 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3193 I32 type = o->op_type;
3195 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3197 /* integerize op. */
3198 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3201 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3204 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3205 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3206 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3212 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3217 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3222 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3223 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3227 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3229 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3243 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3244 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3248 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3249 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3252 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3253 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3255 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3256 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3257 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3264 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3267 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3268 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3270 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3271 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3272 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3274 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3276 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3282 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3283 old_next = o->op_next;
3287 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3288 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3290 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3291 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3292 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3293 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3294 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3295 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3296 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3297 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3304 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3305 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3307 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3308 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3309 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3312 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3315 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3316 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3321 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3322 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3324 o->op_next = old_next;
3328 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3329 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3330 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3331 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3332 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3333 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3336 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3337 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3338 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3340 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3341 delete_eval_scope();
3350 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3351 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3353 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3354 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3362 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3366 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3369 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3370 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3372 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3375 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3378 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3379 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3380 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3381 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3383 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3384 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3385 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3386 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3387 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3388 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3389 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3391 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3400 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3403 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3404 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3405 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3407 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3409 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3410 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3412 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3413 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3414 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3415 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3419 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3421 o->op_flags |= flags;
3423 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3424 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3427 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3431 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3434 /* List constructors */
3437 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3439 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3440 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3441 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3442 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3443 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3444 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3450 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3458 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3459 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3461 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3464 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3465 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3467 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3468 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3470 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3475 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3477 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3478 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3479 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3480 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3481 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3482 the other is returned unchanged.
3488 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3496 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3497 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3499 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3500 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3502 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3503 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3504 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3507 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3508 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3510 while (mp->mad_next)
3512 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3515 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3518 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3519 last->op_madprop = 0;
3522 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3528 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3530 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3531 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3532 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3533 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3534 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3535 the other is returned unchanged.
3541 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3549 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3550 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3551 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3552 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3553 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3554 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3557 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3558 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3559 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3561 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3562 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3564 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3568 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3576 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3579 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3580 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3581 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3583 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3588 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3590 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3592 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3594 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3599 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3604 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3606 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3607 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3608 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3615 /* faked up qw list? */
3617 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3618 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3625 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3626 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3627 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3628 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3630 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3644 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3645 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3655 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3664 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3665 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3666 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3667 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3669 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3676 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3679 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3685 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3694 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3695 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3696 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3697 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3699 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3706 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3709 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3713 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3714 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3720 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3738 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3742 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3746 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3767 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3769 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3771 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3775 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3777 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3780 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3781 mp->mad_type = type;
3783 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3788 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3790 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3794 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3795 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3796 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3797 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3801 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3804 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3805 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3808 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3811 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3814 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3820 =head1 Optree construction
3822 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3824 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3825 empty list expression.
3831 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3833 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3837 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3839 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3840 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3846 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3848 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3849 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3850 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3851 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3852 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3858 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3863 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3865 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3867 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3868 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3871 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3875 else if (!first && last)
3878 first->op_sibling = last;
3879 listop->op_first = first;
3880 listop->op_last = last;
3881 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3882 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3883 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3884 listop->op_first = pushop;
3885 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3887 listop->op_last = pushop;
3890 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3894 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3896 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3897 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3898 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3905 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3910 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3911 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3912 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3915 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3916 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3917 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3918 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3920 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3921 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3922 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3923 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3926 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3927 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3929 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3930 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3931 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3935 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3937 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3938 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3939 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3940 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3941 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3942 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3943 of the constructed op tree.
3949 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3954 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3955 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3956 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3959 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3960 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3961 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3962 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3963 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3964 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3965 || type == OP_NULL );
3968 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3969 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3970 first = force_list(first);
3972 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3973 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3974 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3975 unop->op_first = first;
3976 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3977 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3978 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3982 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3986 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3988 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3989 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3990 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3991 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3992 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3993 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3994 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4000 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4005 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4006 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4008 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4011 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4013 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4014 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4015 binop->op_first = first;
4016 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4019 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4022 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4023 first->op_sibling = last;
4026 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4027 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4030 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4032 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4035 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4036 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4037 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4038 __attribute__pure__;
4039 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4041 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4043 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4045 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4047 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4053 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4056 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4059 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4060 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4062 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4065 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4066 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4072 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4073 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4074 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4077 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4079 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4082 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4085 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4087 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4088 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4090 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4091 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4105 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4106 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4109 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4113 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4116 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4118 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4122 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4123 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4124 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4125 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4129 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4132 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4134 transv = newSVpvs("");
4136 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4138 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4140 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4144 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4148 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4149 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4151 diff = val - nextmin;
4153 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4154 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4156 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4157 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4158 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4159 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4166 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4167 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4169 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4170 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4172 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4173 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4174 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4175 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4179 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4180 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4183 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4184 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4186 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4190 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4191 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4192 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4193 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4195 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4197 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4204 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4205 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4207 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4209 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4211 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4220 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4224 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4225 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4226 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4233 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4234 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4236 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4237 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4239 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4243 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4244 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4247 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4248 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4250 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4251 max = rfirst + diff;
4253 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4254 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4266 else if (max > 0xff)
4271 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4273 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4274 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4275 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4277 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4279 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4281 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4282 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4284 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4285 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4286 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4289 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4295 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4296 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4304 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4305 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4306 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4308 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4310 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4312 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4314 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4323 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4333 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4335 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4340 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4341 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4342 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4344 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4345 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4346 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4350 if (!rlen && !del) {
4353 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4355 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4356 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4358 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4360 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4361 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4363 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4369 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4370 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4377 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4378 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4379 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4380 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4384 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4386 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4387 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4397 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4399 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4400 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4401 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4407 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4412 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4414 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4415 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4416 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4417 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4418 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4420 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4421 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4422 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4423 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4425 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4426 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4427 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4429 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4431 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4432 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4433 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4435 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4436 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4437 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4439 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4440 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4446 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4447 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4448 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4449 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4450 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4451 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4453 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4455 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4457 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4458 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4459 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4461 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4462 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4463 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4464 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4468 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4471 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4472 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4473 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4476 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4477 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4478 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4479 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4480 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4482 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4483 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4484 * the new sub was created
4488 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4493 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4495 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4496 bool is_compiletime;
4499 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4501 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4503 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4505 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4506 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4507 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4508 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4509 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4510 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4513 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4516 OP* const oe = expr;
4517 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4518 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4519 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4520 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4521 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4522 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4525 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4528 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4529 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4530 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4531 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4532 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4536 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4538 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4539 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4541 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4542 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4544 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4548 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4553 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4555 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4557 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4558 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4560 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4563 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4564 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4566 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4567 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4568 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4570 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4571 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4572 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4573 op_null((OP*)leave);
4577 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4578 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4579 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4580 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4583 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4584 * the op_next chain */
4587 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4592 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4594 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4596 if (is_compiletime) {
4597 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4598 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4600 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4601 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4603 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4604 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4605 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4606 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4607 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4608 * regex was parsed */
4609 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4610 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4611 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4613 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4618 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4619 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4620 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4621 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4624 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4630 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4631 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4634 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4637 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4639 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4640 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4641 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4642 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4643 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4644 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4646 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4647 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4648 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4649 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4651 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4652 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4653 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4654 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4657 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4662 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4664 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4666 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4671 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4672 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4673 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4676 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4677 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4678 * preceding stacking ops;
4679 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4681 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4682 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4684 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4685 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4686 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4687 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4688 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4689 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4690 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4694 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4696 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4698 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4699 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4703 * ------ -------------------
4704 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4705 * pushmark (for entersub)
4706 * pushmark (for refgen)
4710 * regcreset regcreset
4712 * const("a") const("a")
4714 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4719 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4720 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4721 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4722 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4723 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4724 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4726 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4729 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4730 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4731 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4732 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4733 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4734 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4735 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4736 rcop->op_private = 0;
4738 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4740 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4741 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4743 /* establish postfix order */
4744 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4746 rcop->op_next = expr;
4747 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4750 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4751 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4754 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4760 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4761 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4762 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4764 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4765 the implicit do{}. */
4766 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4767 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4768 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4769 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4770 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4771 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4772 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4774 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4776 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4777 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4778 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4779 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4780 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4781 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4782 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4783 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4784 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4785 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4793 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4794 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4796 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4797 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4800 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4801 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4802 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4803 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4804 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4805 rcop->op_private = 1;
4808 /* establish postfix order */
4809 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4810 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4812 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4813 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4814 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4823 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4825 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4826 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4827 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4828 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4834 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4839 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4841 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4842 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4843 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4845 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4846 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4847 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4849 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4850 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4851 svop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4852 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4854 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4855 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4856 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4862 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4864 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4865 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4866 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4867 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4870 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4876 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4881 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4883 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4884 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4885 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4887 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4888 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4889 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4890 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4891 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4892 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4895 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4896 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4897 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4899 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4900 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4901 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4904 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4907 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4909 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4910 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4911 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4912 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4919 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4923 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4927 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4929 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4934 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4936 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4937 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4938 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4939 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4940 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4946 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4949 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4954 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4956 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4958 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4959 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4960 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4962 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4963 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4964 pvop->op_private = utf8 ? OPpPV_IS_UTF8 : 0;
4965 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4967 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4968 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4969 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4977 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4980 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4985 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4987 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4988 save_item(PL_curstname);
4990 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4992 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4994 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4995 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4996 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5001 if (!PL_madskills) {
5006 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
5007 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
5013 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
5016 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
5017 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
5018 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5019 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
5020 PL_hints = savehints;
5029 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
5036 OP *pegop = PL_madskills ? newOP(OP_NULL,0) : NULL;
5038 SV *use_version = NULL;
5040 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
5042 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
5043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
5046 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
5051 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
5054 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
5055 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
5062 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
5063 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
5065 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5066 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5068 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
5069 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
5070 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5071 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5072 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
5073 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5077 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
5078 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
5080 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
5081 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
5083 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
5084 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
5086 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
5088 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
5094 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
5096 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5097 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5099 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
5101 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
5102 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5103 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5104 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
5105 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5108 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
5110 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
5113 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5114 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5115 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
5116 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
5117 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
5121 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
5122 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
5123 S_enable_feature_bundle(aTHX_ use_version);
5125 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
5126 if (vcmp(use_version,
5127 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
5128 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5129 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5130 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5131 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5132 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5133 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5135 /* otherwise they are off */
5137 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5138 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5139 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5140 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5141 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5142 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5146 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
5147 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
5148 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
5149 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
5150 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
5151 * filesystems the script will stop working.
5153 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
5154 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
5155 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
5156 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
5158 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
5159 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
5160 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
5163 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5164 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5165 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5166 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
5167 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
5176 =head1 Embedding Functions
5178 =for apidoc load_module
5180 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
5181 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
5182 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
5183 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
5184 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified and not NULL, provides version semantics
5185 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
5186 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
5187 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
5188 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
5189 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
5190 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
5191 import list is required.
5193 The reference count for each specified C<SV*> parameter is decremented.
5198 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
5204 va_start(args, ver);
5205 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5209 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5211 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5215 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
5216 va_start(args, ver);
5217 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5223 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
5227 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
5229 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
5231 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
5233 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
5237 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
5238 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
5240 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
5241 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
5246 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5248 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
5249 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5253 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
5254 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
5255 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
5256 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
5257 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
5260 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
5261 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
5262 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
5263 veop, modname, imop);
5268 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
5274 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
5276 if (!force_builtin) {
5277 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
5278 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
5279 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
5280 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
5284 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
5285 doop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
5286 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
5287 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
5288 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
5291 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
5297 =head1 Optree construction
5299 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
5301 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
5302 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
5303 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5304 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5305 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
5306 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
5307 constructed op tree.
5313 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
5315 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
5316 list(force_list(subscript)),
5317 list(force_list(listval)) );
5321 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
5329 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5330 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
5332 flags = o->op_flags;
5334 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
5335 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
5336 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
5341 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
5345 if (type == OP_LIST &&
5346 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
5347 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5350 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
5351 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
5352 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
5355 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
5358 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
5365 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
5366 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
5367 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
5369 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
5370 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
5373 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
5374 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
5375 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
5376 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
5378 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5380 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5382 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5383 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5384 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5385 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
5387 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
5388 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
5390 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
5393 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
5395 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
5396 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
5397 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
5398 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
5399 if (cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
5402 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
5404 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
5405 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
5407 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5409 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5413 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
5416 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5418 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5426 if (curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
5427 if (aassign_common_vars(curop))
5435 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newASSIGNOP|I32 flags|OP *left|I32 optype|OP *right
5437 Constructs, checks, and returns an assignment op. I<left> and I<right>
5438 supply the parameters of the assignment; they are consumed by this
5439 function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5441 If I<optype> is C<OP_ANDASSIGN>, C<OP_ORASSIGN>, or C<OP_DORASSIGN>, then
5442 a suitable conditional optree is constructed. If I<optype> is the opcode
5443 of a binary operator, such as C<OP_BIT_OR>, then an op is constructed that
5444 performs the binary operation and assigns the result to the left argument.
5445 Either way, if I<optype> is non-zero then I<flags> has no effect.
5447 If I<optype> is zero, then a plain scalar or list assignment is
5448 constructed. Which type of assignment it is is automatically determined.
5449 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5450 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
5451 of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5458 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
5464 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
5465 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
5466 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype),
5467 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
5470 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
5471 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
5475 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
5476 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
5477 " in list context currently forbidden";
5479 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5482 left = op_lvalue(left, OP_AASSIGN);
5483 curop = list(force_list(left));
5484 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
5485 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
5487 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
5488 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
5490 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
5491 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5493 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5494 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5495 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5496 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
5497 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
5498 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5500 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5501 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
5502 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
5505 /* Each state variable in
5506 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5508 yyerror(no_list_state);
5510 /* Each my variable in
5511 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5513 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
5514 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
5515 /* undef may be interesting in
5516 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
5518 /* Other ops in the list. */
5519 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5521 lop = lop->op_sibling;
5524 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5525 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
5526 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
5527 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
5528 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
5530 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV) maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5531 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5532 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
5542 yyerror(no_list_state);
5546 /* PL_generation sorcery:
5547 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
5548 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
5549 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
5550 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
5551 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
5552 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
5553 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
5554 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
5555 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
5556 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
5557 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
5560 if (maybe_common_vars) {
5562 if (aassign_common_vars(o))
5563 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
5567 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
5568 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
5569 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
5570 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
5571 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
5572 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
5573 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
5575 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
5576 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
5578 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5580 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5584 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5585 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
5586 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
5588 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5589 = MUTABLE_GV(cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv);
5590 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
5592 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
5593 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
5594 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
5595 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
5596 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
5597 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
5598 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
5599 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
5604 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
5605 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
5607 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
5608 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == 0)
5609 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
5617 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
5618 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
5619 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
5620 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN),
5624 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
5625 scalar(right), op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
5631 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSTATEOP|I32 flags|char *label|OP *o
5633 Constructs a state op (COP). The state op is normally a C<nextstate> op,
5634 but will be a C<dbstate> op if debugging is enabled for currently-compiled
5635 code. The state op is populated from L</PL_curcop> (or L</PL_compiling>).
5636 If I<label> is non-null, it supplies the name of a label to attach to
5637 the state op; this function takes ownership of the memory pointed at by
5638 I<label>, and will free it. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
5641 If I<o> is null, the state op is returned. Otherwise the state op is
5642 combined with I<o> into a C<lineseq> list op, which is returned. I<o>
5643 is consumed by this function and becomes part of the returned op tree.
5649 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
5652 const U32 seq = intro_my();
5653 const U32 utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
5658 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
5659 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5660 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
5661 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
5664 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
5665 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
5667 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
5668 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
5670 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
5672 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
5673 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
5676 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
5677 CopHINTHASH_set(cop, cophh_copy(CopHINTHASH_get(PL_curcop)));
5679 Perl_cop_store_label(aTHX_ cop, label, strlen(label), utf8);
5681 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5682 /* It seems that we need to defer freeing this pointer, as other parts
5683 of the grammar end up wanting to copy it after this op has been
5688 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
5689 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
5691 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_parser->copline);
5692 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5695 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
5697 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
5699 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
5701 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5702 /* this line can have a breakpoint - store the cop in IV */
5703 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
5705 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
5706 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
5707 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
5708 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
5713 if (flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
5715 return op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
5719 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOGOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *other
5721 Constructs, checks, and returns a logical (flow control) op. I<type>
5722 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
5723 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
5724 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is
5725 automatically set. I<first> supplies the expression controlling the
5726 flow, and I<other> supplies the side (alternate) chain of ops; they are
5727 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5733 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
5737 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOGOP;
5739 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
5743 S_search_const(pTHX_ OP *o)
5745 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SEARCH_CONST;
5747 switch (o->op_type) {
5751 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5752 return search_const(cUNOPo->op_first);
5759 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5761 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
5763 switch (kid->op_type) {
5767 kid = kid->op_sibling;
5770 if (kid != cLISTOPo->op_last)
5776 kid = cLISTOPo->op_last;
5778 return search_const(kid);
5786 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
5794 int prepend_not = 0;
5796 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_LOGOP;
5801 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
5802 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
5804 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOGOP);
5806 scalarboolean(first);
5807 /* optimize AND and OR ops that have NOTs as children */
5808 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
5809 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5810 && ((first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* unless ($x) { } */
5811 || (other->op_type == OP_NOT)) /* if (!$x && !$y) { } */
5813 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
5819 if (other->op_type == OP_NOT) { /* !a AND|OR !b => !(a OR|AND b) */
5821 prepend_not = 1; /* prepend a NOT op later */
5825 /* search for a constant op that could let us fold the test */
5826 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5827 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
5828 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5829 else if ((cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
5830 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
5831 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5832 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5833 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv))) {
5835 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5836 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5838 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
5839 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
5840 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5844 if (other->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
5845 other = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, other);
5846 else if (other->op_type == OP_MATCH
5847 || other->op_type == OP_SUBST
5848 || other->op_type == OP_TRANSR
5849 || other->op_type == OP_TRANS)
5850 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
5851 other->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
5852 else if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5853 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
5857 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
5858 const OP *o2 = other;
5859 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
5860 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
5861 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
5862 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
5865 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
5866 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
5867 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
5868 && !(o2->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE))
5870 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
5871 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
5875 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
5876 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5878 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
5879 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
5880 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5887 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
5888 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
5890 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
5891 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
5893 switch (first->op_type)
5896 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
5897 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
5898 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
5900 warnop = k2->op_type;
5905 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
5906 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
5907 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
5908 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
5909 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH)
5911 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
5912 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
5917 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
5918 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
5919 of the construction, not the last. */
5920 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
5921 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
5922 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
5924 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
5925 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
5926 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
5933 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
5934 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
5936 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
5938 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
5939 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
5940 logop->op_first = first;
5941 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
5942 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
5943 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
5945 /* establish postfix order */
5946 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
5947 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
5948 first->op_sibling = other;
5950 CHECKOP(type,logop);
5952 o = newUNOP(prepend_not ? OP_NOT : OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
5959 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newCONDOP|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *trueop|OP *falseop
5961 Constructs, checks, and returns a conditional-expression (C<cond_expr>)
5962 op. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5963 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5964 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is automatically set.
5965 I<first> supplies the expression selecting between the two branches,
5966 and I<trueop> and I<falseop> supply the branches; they are consumed by
5967 this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5973 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
5981 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWCONDOP;
5984 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
5986 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
5988 scalarboolean(first);
5989 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5990 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
5991 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv);
5992 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
5993 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
5994 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
5995 cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
5996 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5999 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
6000 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
6001 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
6002 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
6007 if (live->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
6008 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, live);
6009 else if (live->op_type == OP_MATCH || live->op_type == OP_SUBST
6010 || live->op_type == OP_TRANS || live->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
6011 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
6012 live->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6013 else if (live->op_type == OP_CONST)
6014 live->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
6017 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
6018 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
6019 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
6020 logop->op_first = first;
6021 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
6022 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6023 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
6024 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
6026 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
6029 /* establish postfix order */
6030 start = LINKLIST(first);
6031 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
6033 first->op_sibling = trueop;
6034 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
6035 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
6037 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
6044 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newRANGE|I32 flags|OP *left|OP *right
6046 Constructs and returns a C<range> op, with subordinate C<flip> and
6047 C<flop> ops. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6048 C<flip> op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>
6049 for both the C<flip> and C<range> ops, except that the bit with value
6050 1 is automatically set. I<left> and I<right> supply the expressions
6051 controlling the endpoints of the range; they are consumed by this function
6052 and become part of the constructed op tree.
6058 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
6067 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRANGE;
6069 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
6071 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
6072 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
6073 range->op_first = left;
6074 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
6075 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
6076 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
6077 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6079 left->op_sibling = right;
6081 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
6082 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
6083 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
6084 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
6086 range->op_next = leftstart;
6088 left->op_next = flip;
6089 right->op_next = flop;
6091 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6092 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6093 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6094 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6096 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6097 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6099 /* check barewords before they might be optimized aways */
6100 if (flip->op_private && cSVOPx(left)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6101 no_bareword_allowed(left);
6102 if (flop->op_private && cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6103 no_bareword_allowed(right);
6106 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
6107 LINKLIST(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
6113 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|OP *expr|OP *block
6115 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a loop. This is
6116 only a loop in the control flow through the op tree; it does not have
6117 the heavyweight loop structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last>
6118 and suchlike. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6119 top-level op, except that some bits will be set automatically as required.
6120 I<expr> supplies the expression controlling loop iteration, and I<block>
6121 supplies the body of the loop; they are consumed by this function and
6122 become part of the constructed op tree. I<debuggable> is currently
6123 unused and should always be 1.
6129 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
6134 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
6135 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
6137 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6140 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
6141 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
6142 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6143 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6144 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6145 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6146 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6147 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6148 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6149 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6150 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6151 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6152 switch (expr->op_type) {
6154 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6155 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6156 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6157 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6161 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6162 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6163 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6164 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6165 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6166 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6172 /* if block is null, the next op_append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
6173 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
6175 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6176 listop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
6177 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6180 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
6182 if (once && o != listop)
6183 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
6186 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
6188 o->op_flags |= flags;
6190 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
6195 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHILEOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|LOOP *loop|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont|I32 has_my
6197 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<while> loop.
6198 This is a heavyweight loop, with structure that allows exiting the loop
6199 by C<last> and suchlike.
6201 I<loop> is an optional preconstructed C<enterloop> op to use in the
6202 loop; if it is null then a suitable op will be constructed automatically.
6203 I<expr> supplies the loop's controlling expression. I<block> supplies the
6204 main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue> block
6205 that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree inputs
6206 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6208 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6209 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6210 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6211 automatically. I<debuggable> is currently unused and should always be 1.
6212 I<has_my> can be supplied as true to force the
6213 loop body to be enclosed in its own scope.
6219 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop,
6220 OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
6229 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6232 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6233 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6234 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6235 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6236 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6237 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6238 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6239 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6240 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6241 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6242 switch (expr->op_type) {
6244 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6245 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6246 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6247 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6251 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6252 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6253 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6254 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6255 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6256 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6263 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6264 else if (cont || has_my) {
6265 block = op_scope(block);
6269 next = LINKLIST(cont);
6272 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
6275 cont = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
6279 listop = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, block, cont);
6281 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
6285 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6286 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
6288 return expr; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
6291 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
6292 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
6298 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
6299 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
6300 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
6301 loop->op_private = 0;
6302 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
6305 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
6307 loop->op_redoop = redo;
6308 loop->op_lastop = o;
6309 o->op_private |= loopflags;
6312 loop->op_nextop = next;
6314 loop->op_nextop = o;
6316 o->op_flags |= flags;
6317 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
6322 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newFOROP|I32 flags|OP *sv|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont
6324 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<foreach>
6325 loop (iteration through a list of values). This is a heavyweight loop,
6326 with structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last> and suchlike.
6328 I<sv> optionally supplies the variable that will be aliased to each
6329 item in turn; if null, it defaults to C<$_> (either lexical or global).
6330 I<expr> supplies the list of values to iterate over. I<block> supplies
6331 the main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue>
6332 block that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree
6333 inputs are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed
6336 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6337 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6338 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6345 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
6350 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
6355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWFOROP;
6358 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
6359 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
6360 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
6361 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
6363 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
6364 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
6365 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
6366 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
6369 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
6370 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
6371 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6373 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
6374 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
6375 padoff = sv->op_targ;
6385 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
6387 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
6389 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
6391 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
6392 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6396 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
6397 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
6398 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
6403 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6405 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
6406 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
6407 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6409 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
6410 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
6411 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
6413 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
6414 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
6415 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_iterinit'.
6417 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
6418 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
6419 OP* const left = range->op_first;
6420 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
6423 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
6424 range->op_first = NULL;
6426 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
6427 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
6428 left->op_next = range->op_other;
6429 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
6430 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
6433 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');
6437 expr = (OP*)(listop);
6439 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6442 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(expr), OP_GREPSTART);
6445 loop = (LOOP*)list(convert(OP_ENTERITER, iterflags,
6446 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, expr, scalar(sv))));
6447 assert(!loop->op_next);
6448 /* for my $x () sets OPpLVAL_INTRO;
6449 * for our $x () sets OPpOUR_INTRO */
6450 loop->op_private = (U8)iterpflags;
6451 if (loop->op_slabbed
6452 && DIFF(loop, OpSLOT(loop)->opslot_next)
6453 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(LOOP)))
6456 NewOp(1234,tmp,1,LOOP);
6457 Copy(loop,tmp,1,LISTOP);
6458 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)loop);
6461 else if (!loop->op_slabbed)
6462 loop = (LOOP*)PerlMemShared_realloc(loop, sizeof(LOOP));
6463 loop->op_targ = padoff;
6464 wop = newWHILEOP(flags, 1, loop, newOP(OP_ITER, 0), block, cont, 0);
6466 op_getmad(madsv, (OP*)loop, 'v');
6471 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPEX|I32 type|OP *label
6473 Constructs, checks, and returns a loop-exiting op (such as C<goto>
6474 or C<last>). I<type> is the opcode. I<label> supplies the parameter
6475 determining the target of the op; it is consumed by this function and
6476 becomes part of the constructed op tree.
6482 Perl_newLOOPEX(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *label)
6487 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOOPEX;
6489 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
6491 if (type != OP_GOTO) {
6492 /* "last()" means "last" */
6493 if (label->op_type == OP_STUB && (label->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)) {
6494 o = newOP(type, OPf_SPECIAL);
6498 /* Check whether it's going to be a goto &function */
6499 if (label->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
6500 && !(label->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
6501 label = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(label, OP_REFGEN));
6504 /* Check for a constant argument */
6505 if (label->op_type == OP_CONST) {
6506 SV * const sv = ((SVOP *)label)->op_sv;
6508 const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,l);
6509 if (l == strlen(s)) {
6511 SvUTF8(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv),
6513 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv)));
6517 /* If we have already created an op, we do not need the label. */
6520 op_getmad(label,o,'L');
6524 else o = newUNOP(type, OPf_STACKED, label);
6526 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
6530 /* if the condition is a literal array or hash
6531 (or @{ ... } etc), make a reference to it.
6534 S_ref_array_or_hash(pTHX_ OP *cond)
6537 && (cond->op_type == OP_RV2AV
6538 || cond->op_type == OP_PADAV
6539 || cond->op_type == OP_RV2HV
6540 || cond->op_type == OP_PADHV))
6542 return newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(cond, OP_REFGEN));
6545 && (cond->op_type == OP_ASLICE
6546 || cond->op_type == OP_HSLICE)) {
6548 /* anonlist now needs a list from this op, was previously used in
6550 cond->op_flags |= ~(OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_REF);
6551 cond->op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
6553 return newANONLIST(op_lvalue(cond, OP_ANONLIST));
6560 /* These construct the optree fragments representing given()
6563 entergiven and enterwhen are LOGOPs; the op_other pointer
6564 points up to the associated leave op. We need this so we
6565 can put it in the context and make break/continue work.
6566 (Also, of course, pp_enterwhen will jump straight to
6567 op_other if the match fails.)
6571 S_newGIVWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block,
6572 I32 enter_opcode, I32 leave_opcode,
6573 PADOFFSET entertarg)
6579 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVWHENOP;
6581 NewOp(1101, enterop, 1, LOGOP);
6582 enterop->op_type = (Optype)enter_opcode;
6583 enterop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[enter_opcode];
6584 enterop->op_flags = (U8) OPf_KIDS;
6585 enterop->op_targ = ((entertarg == NOT_IN_PAD) ? 0 : entertarg);
6586 enterop->op_private = 0;
6588 o = newUNOP(leave_opcode, 0, (OP *) enterop);
6591 enterop->op_first = scalar(cond);
6592 cond->op_sibling = block;
6594 o->op_next = LINKLIST(cond);
6595 cond->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6598 /* This is a default {} block */
6599 enterop->op_first = block;
6600 enterop->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6601 o ->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6603 o->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6606 CHECKOP(enter_opcode, enterop); /* Currently does nothing, since
6607 entergiven and enterwhen both
6610 enterop->op_next = LINKLIST(block);
6611 block->op_next = enterop->op_other = o;
6616 /* Does this look like a boolean operation? For these purposes
6617 a boolean operation is:
6618 - a subroutine call [*]
6619 - a logical connective
6620 - a comparison operator
6621 - a filetest operator, with the exception of -s -M -A -C
6622 - defined(), exists() or eof()
6623 - /$re/ or $foo =~ /$re/
6625 [*] possibly surprising
6628 S_looks_like_bool(pTHX_ const OP *o)
6632 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOOKS_LIKE_BOOL;
6634 switch(o->op_type) {
6637 return looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first);
6641 looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first)
6642 && looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling));
6647 o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
6648 && looks_like_bool(cUNOPo->op_first));
6652 case OP_NOT: case OP_XOR:
6654 case OP_EQ: case OP_NE: case OP_LT:
6655 case OP_GT: case OP_LE: case OP_GE:
6657 case OP_I_EQ: case OP_I_NE: case OP_I_LT:
6658 case OP_I_GT: case OP_I_LE: case OP_I_GE:
6660 case OP_SEQ: case OP_SNE: case OP_SLT:
6661 case OP_SGT: case OP_SLE: case OP_SGE:
6665 case OP_FTRREAD: case OP_FTRWRITE: case OP_FTREXEC:
6666 case OP_FTEREAD: case OP_FTEWRITE: case OP_FTEEXEC:
6667 case OP_FTIS: case OP_FTEOWNED: case OP_FTROWNED:
6668 case OP_FTZERO: case OP_FTSOCK: case OP_FTCHR:
6669 case OP_FTBLK: case OP_FTFILE: case OP_FTDIR:
6670 case OP_FTPIPE: case OP_FTLINK: case OP_FTSUID:
6671 case OP_FTSGID: case OP_FTSVTX: case OP_FTTTY:
6672 case OP_FTTEXT: case OP_FTBINARY:
6674 case OP_DEFINED: case OP_EXISTS:
6675 case OP_MATCH: case OP_EOF:
6682 /* Detect comparisons that have been optimized away */
6683 if (cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_yes
6684 || cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_no)
6697 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGIVENOP|OP *cond|OP *block|PADOFFSET defsv_off
6699 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<given> block.
6700 I<cond> supplies the expression that will be locally assigned to a lexical
6701 variable, and I<block> supplies the body of the C<given> construct; they
6702 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6703 I<defsv_off> is the pad offset of the scalar lexical variable that will
6704 be affected. If it is 0, the global $_ will be used.
6710 Perl_newGIVENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block, PADOFFSET defsv_off)
6713 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVENOP;
6714 return newGIVWHENOP(
6715 ref_array_or_hash(cond),
6717 OP_ENTERGIVEN, OP_LEAVEGIVEN,
6722 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHENOP|OP *cond|OP *block
6724 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<when> block.
6725 I<cond> supplies the test expression, and I<block> supplies the block
6726 that will be executed if the test evaluates to true; they are consumed
6727 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree. I<cond>
6728 will be interpreted DWIMically, often as a comparison against C<$_>,
6729 and may be null to generate a C<default> block.
6735 Perl_newWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block)
6737 const bool cond_llb = (!cond || looks_like_bool(cond));
6740 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWWHENOP;
6745 cond_op = newBINOP(OP_SMARTMATCH, OPf_SPECIAL,
6747 scalar(ref_array_or_hash(cond)));
6750 return newGIVWHENOP(cond_op, block, OP_ENTERWHEN, OP_LEAVEWHEN, 0);
6754 Perl_cv_ckproto_len_flags(pTHX_ const CV *cv, const GV *gv, const char *p,
6755 const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
6757 const char * const cvp = SvROK(cv) ? "" : CvPROTO(cv);
6758 const STRLEN clen = CvPROTOLEN(cv);
6760 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_CKPROTO_LEN_FLAGS;
6762 if (((!p != !cvp) /* One has prototype, one has not. */
6764 (flags & SVf_UTF8) == SvUTF8(cv)
6765 ? len != clen || memNE(cvp, p, len)
6767 ? bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8 *)cvp, clen,
6769 : bytes_cmp_utf8((const U8 *)p, len,
6770 (const U8 *)cvp, clen)
6774 && ckWARN_d(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
6775 SV* const msg = sv_newmortal();
6781 gv_efullname3(name = sv_newmortal(), gv, NULL);
6782 else if (SvPOK(gv) && *SvPVX((SV *)gv) == '&')
6783 name = newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX((SV *)gv)+1, SvCUR(gv)-1,
6784 SvUTF8(gv)|SVs_TEMP);
6785 else name = (SV *)gv;
6787 sv_setpvs(msg, "Prototype mismatch:");
6789 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " sub %"SVf, SVfARG(name));
6791 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, " (%"SVf")",
6792 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(cvp,clen, SvUTF8(cv)|SVs_TEMP))
6795 sv_catpvs(msg, ": none");
6796 sv_catpvs(msg, " vs ");
6798 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ msg, "(%"SVf")", SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(p, len, flags | SVs_TEMP)));
6800 sv_catpvs(msg, "none");
6801 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE), "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
6805 static void const_sv_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
6809 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
6811 =for apidoc cv_const_sv
6813 If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
6814 value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
6816 Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
6817 L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
6822 Perl_cv_const_sv(pTHX_ const CV *const cv)
6824 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
6827 if (!(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV || SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVFM))
6829 return CvCONST(cv) ? MUTABLE_SV(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr) : NULL;
6832 /* op_const_sv: examine an optree to determine whether it's in-lineable.
6833 * Can be called in 3 ways:
6836 * look for a single OP_CONST with attached value: return the value
6838 * cv && CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCONST(cv)
6840 * examine the clone prototype, and if contains only a single
6841 * OP_CONST referencing a pad const, or a single PADSV referencing
6842 * an outer lexical, return a non-zero value to indicate the CV is
6843 * a candidate for "constizing" at clone time
6847 * We have just cloned an anon prototype that was marked as a const
6848 * candidate. Try to grab the current value, and in the case of
6849 * PADSV, ignore it if it has multiple references. In this case we
6850 * return a newly created *copy* of the value.
6854 Perl_op_const_sv(pTHX_ const OP *o, CV *cv)
6865 if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ && cLISTOPo->op_first)
6866 o = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
6868 for (; o; o = o->op_next) {
6869 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
6871 if (sv && o->op_next == o)
6873 if (o->op_next != o) {
6874 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE
6875 || (type == OP_NULL && !(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
6876 || type == OP_PUSHMARK)
6878 if (type == OP_DBSTATE)
6881 if (type == OP_LEAVESUB || type == OP_RETURN)
6885 if (type == OP_CONST && cSVOPo->op_sv)
6887 else if (cv && type == OP_CONST) {
6888 sv = PAD_BASE_SV(CvPADLIST(cv), o->op_targ);
6892 else if (cv && type == OP_PADSV) {
6893 if (CvCONST(cv)) { /* newly cloned anon */
6894 sv = PAD_BASE_SV(CvPADLIST(cv), o->op_targ);
6895 /* the candidate should have 1 ref from this pad and 1 ref
6896 * from the parent */
6897 if (!sv || SvREFCNT(sv) != 2)
6904 if (PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS(o->op_targ) & SVf_FAKE)
6905 sv = &PL_sv_undef; /* an arbitrary non-null value */
6916 Perl_newMYSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
6922 STRLEN ps_len = 0; /* init it to avoid false uninit warning from icc */
6924 register CV *cv = NULL;
6925 register CV *compcv = PL_compcv;
6928 PADOFFSET pax = o->op_targ;
6929 CV *outcv = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
6932 bool reusable = FALSE;
6934 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMYSUB;
6936 /* Find the pad slot for storing the new sub.
6937 We cannot use PL_comppad, as it is the pad owned by the new sub. We
6938 need to look in CvOUTSIDE and find the pad belonging to the enclos-
6939 ing sub. And then we need to dig deeper if this is a lexical from
6941 my sub foo; sub { sub foo { } }
6944 name = PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[pax];
6945 if (PadnameOUTER(name) && PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name)) {
6946 pax = PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name);
6947 outcv = CvOUTSIDE(outcv);
6952 &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))
6953 [CvDEPTH(outcv) ? CvDEPTH(outcv) : 1])[pax];
6954 spot = (CV **)svspot;
6957 assert(proto->op_type == OP_CONST);
6958 ps = SvPV_const(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv, ps_len);
6959 ps_utf8 = SvUTF8(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv);
6964 if (!PL_madskills) {
6971 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
6973 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
6978 if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && CvCLONE(compcv)) {
6980 svspot = (SV **)(spot = &clonee);
6982 else if (PadnameIsSTATE(name) || CvDEPTH(outcv))
6986 SvUPGRADE(name, SVt_PVMG);
6987 mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
6988 assert (SvTYPE(*spot) == SVt_PVCV);
6990 hek = CvNAME_HEK(*spot);
6992 CvNAME_HEK_set(*spot, hek =
6995 PadnameLEN(name)-1 * (PadnameUTF8(name) ? -1 : 1), 0
7001 cv = (CV *)mg->mg_obj;
7004 sv_magic(name, &PL_sv_undef, PERL_MAGIC_proto, NULL, 0);
7005 mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
7007 spot = (CV **)(svspot = &mg->mg_obj);
7010 if (!block || !ps || *ps || attrs
7011 || (CvFLAGS(compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7013 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7018 const_sv = op_const_sv(block, NULL);
7021 const bool exists = CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv);
7023 /* if the subroutine doesn't exist and wasn't pre-declared
7024 * with a prototype, assume it will be AUTOLOADed,
7025 * skipping the prototype check
7027 if (exists || SvPOK(cv))
7028 cv_ckproto_len_flags(cv, (GV *)name, ps, ps_len, ps_utf8);
7029 /* already defined? */
7033 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7036 if (CvFLAGS(compcv)) {
7037 /* might have had built-in attrs applied */
7038 const bool pureperl = !CvISXSUB(cv) && CvROOT(cv);
7039 if (CvLVALUE(compcv) && ! CvLVALUE(cv) && pureperl
7040 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
7041 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined");
7043 (CvFLAGS(compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS
7044 & ~(CVf_LVALUE * pureperl));
7046 if (attrs) goto attrs;
7047 /* just a "sub foo;" when &foo is already defined */
7052 /* redundant check that avoids creating the extra SV
7053 most of the time: */
7054 if (const_sv || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
7055 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
7056 SV *noamp = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn_utf8(
7057 PadnamePV(name)+1,PadnameLEN(name)-1,
7060 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
7061 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
7062 report_redefined_cv(noamp, cv, &const_sv);
7063 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
7066 if (!PL_minus_c) /* keep old one around for madskills */
7069 /* (PL_madskills unset in used file.) */
7075 else if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && CvCLONE(compcv)) {
7081 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(const_sv);
7083 assert(!CvROOT(cv) && !CvCONST(cv));
7087 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7088 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7089 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7092 sv_setpvs(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ""); /* prototype is "" */
7093 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = const_sv;
7094 CvXSUB(cv) = const_sv_xsub;
7100 SvREFCNT_dec(compcv);
7104 /* Checking whether outcv is CvOUTSIDE(compcv) is not sufficient to
7105 determine whether this sub definition is in the same scope as its
7106 declaration. If this sub definition is inside an inner named pack-
7107 age sub (my sub foo; sub bar { sub foo { ... } }), outcv points to
7108 the package sub. So check PadnameOUTER(name) too.
7110 if (outcv == CvOUTSIDE(compcv) && !PadnameOUTER(name)) {
7111 assert(!CvWEAKOUTSIDE(compcv));
7112 SvREFCNT_dec(CvOUTSIDE(compcv));
7113 CvWEAKOUTSIDE_on(compcv);
7115 /* XXX else do we have a circular reference? */
7116 if (cv) { /* must reuse cv in case stub is referenced elsewhere */
7117 /* transfer PL_compcv to cv */
7120 && block->op_type != OP_NULL
7123 cv_flags_t preserved_flags =
7124 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS|CVf_NAMED);
7125 PADLIST *const temp_padl = CvPADLIST(cv);
7126 CV *const temp_cv = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
7127 const cv_flags_t other_flags =
7128 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7129 OP * const cvstart = CvSTART(cv);
7133 CvFLAGS(compcv) | preserved_flags;
7134 CvOUTSIDE(cv) = CvOUTSIDE(compcv);
7135 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(compcv);
7136 CvPADLIST(cv) = CvPADLIST(compcv);
7137 CvOUTSIDE(compcv) = temp_cv;
7138 CvPADLIST(compcv) = temp_padl;
7139 CvSTART(cv) = CvSTART(compcv);
7140 CvSTART(compcv) = cvstart;
7141 CvFLAGS(compcv) &= ~(CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7142 CvFLAGS(compcv) |= other_flags;
7144 if (CvFILE(cv) && CvDYNFILE(cv)) {
7145 Safefree(CvFILE(cv));
7148 /* inner references to compcv must be fixed up ... */
7149 pad_fixup_inner_anons(CvPADLIST(cv), compcv, cv);
7150 if (PERLDB_INTER)/* Advice debugger on the new sub. */
7151 ++PL_sub_generation;
7154 /* Might have had built-in attributes applied -- propagate them. */
7155 CvFLAGS(cv) |= (CvFLAGS(compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS);
7157 /* ... before we throw it away */
7158 SvREFCNT_dec(compcv);
7159 PL_compcv = compcv = cv;
7165 if (!CvNAME_HEK(cv)) {
7168 ? share_hek_hek(hek)
7169 : share_hek(PadnamePV(name)+1,
7170 PadnameLEN(name)-1 * (PadnameUTF8(name) ? -1 : 1),
7174 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7175 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7178 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ps, ps_len);
7179 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7186 /* If we assign an optree to a PVCV, then we've defined a subroutine that
7187 the debugger could be able to set a breakpoint in, so signal to
7188 pp_entereval that it should not throw away any saved lines at scope
7191 PL_breakable_sub_gen++;
7192 /* This makes sub {}; work as expected. */
7193 if (block->op_type == OP_STUB) {
7194 OP* const newblock = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, 0);
7196 op_getmad(block,newblock,'B');
7202 CvROOT(cv) = CvLVALUE(cv)
7203 ? newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0,
7204 op_lvalue(scalarseq(block), OP_LEAVESUBLV))
7205 : newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
7206 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7207 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7208 /* The cv no longer needs to hold a refcount on the slab, as CvROOT
7209 itself has a refcount. */
7211 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok((OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv));
7212 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
7213 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
7214 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
7215 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
7217 /* now that optimizer has done its work, adjust pad values */
7219 pad_tidy(CvCLONE(cv) ? padtidy_SUBCLONE : padtidy_SUB);
7222 assert(!CvCONST(cv));
7223 if (ps && !*ps && op_const_sv(block, cv))
7229 /* Need to do a C<use attributes $stash_of_cv,\&cv,@attrs>. */
7230 apply_attrs(PL_curstash, MUTABLE_SV(cv), attrs);
7234 if (PERLDB_SUBLINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
7235 SV * const tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
7236 GV * const db_postponed = gv_fetchpvs("DB::postponed",
7237 GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
7239 SV * const sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s:%ld-%ld",
7242 (long)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7243 if (HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash)) {
7244 sv_sethek(tmpstr, HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash));
7245 sv_catpvs(tmpstr, "::");
7247 else sv_setpvs(tmpstr, "__ANON__::");
7248 sv_catpvn_flags(tmpstr, PadnamePV(name)+1, PadnameLEN(name)-1,
7249 PadnameUTF8(name) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES);
7250 (void)hv_store(GvHV(PL_DBsub), SvPVX_const(tmpstr),
7251 SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr), sv, 0);
7252 hv = GvHVn(db_postponed);
7253 if (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > 0 && hv_exists(hv, SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr))) {
7254 CV * const pcv = GvCV(db_postponed);
7260 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(pcv), G_DISCARD);
7268 assert(CvDEPTH(outcv));
7270 &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[CvDEPTH(outcv)])[pax];
7271 if (reusable) cv_clone_into(clonee, *spot);
7272 else *spot = cv_clone(clonee);
7273 SvREFCNT_dec(clonee);
7277 if (CvDEPTH(outcv) && !reusable && PadnameIsSTATE(name)) {
7278 PADOFFSET depth = CvDEPTH(outcv);
7281 svspot = &PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(outcv))[depth])[pax];
7283 *svspot = SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv);
7284 SvREFCNT_dec(oldcv);
7290 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
7297 Perl_newATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
7299 return newATTRSUB_flags(floor, o, proto, attrs, block, 0);
7303 Perl_newATTRSUB_flags(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *proto, OP *attrs,
7304 OP *block, U32 flags)
7309 STRLEN ps_len = 0; /* init it to avoid false uninit warning from icc */
7313 const bool ec = PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count;
7314 /* If the subroutine has no body, no attributes, and no builtin attributes
7315 then it's just a sub declaration, and we may be able to get away with
7316 storing with a placeholder scalar in the symbol table, rather than a
7317 full GV and CV. If anything is present then it will take a full CV to
7319 const I32 gv_fetch_flags
7320 = ec ? GV_NOADD_NOINIT :
7321 (block || attrs || (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7323 ? GV_ADDMULTI : GV_ADDMULTI | GV_NOINIT;
7325 const bool o_is_gv = flags & 1;
7326 const char * const name =
7327 o ? SvPV_const(o_is_gv ? (SV *)o : cSVOPo->op_sv, namlen) : NULL;
7329 bool name_is_utf8 = o && !o_is_gv && SvUTF8(cSVOPo->op_sv);
7330 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7331 OPSLAB *slab = NULL;
7335 assert(proto->op_type == OP_CONST);
7336 ps = SvPV_const(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv, ps_len);
7337 ps_utf8 = SvUTF8(((SVOP*)proto)->op_sv);
7347 gv = gv_fetchsv(cSVOPo->op_sv, gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7349 } else if (PERLDB_NAMEANON && CopLINE(PL_curcop)) {
7350 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
7351 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%s[%s:%"IVdf"]",
7352 PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__",
7353 CopFILE(PL_curcop), (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7354 gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7356 } else if (PL_curstash) {
7357 gv = gv_fetchpvs("__ANON__", gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7360 gv = gv_fetchpvs("__ANON__::__ANON__", gv_fetch_flags, SVt_PVCV);
7364 if (!PL_madskills) {
7375 if (name) SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7376 else cv = PL_compcv;
7378 if (name && block) {
7379 const char *s = strrchr(name, ':');
7381 if (strEQ(s, "BEGIN")) {
7382 const char not_safe[] =
7383 "BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted";
7384 if (PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
7385 Perl_croak(aTHX_ not_safe);
7387 /* force display of errors found but not reported */
7388 sv_catpv(ERRSV, not_safe);
7389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(ERRSV));
7396 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) { /* Maybe prototype now, and had at
7397 maximum a prototype before. */
7398 if (SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL) {
7399 cv_ckproto_len_flags((const CV *)gv,
7400 o ? (const GV *)cSVOPo->op_sv : NULL, ps,
7404 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(gv), ps, ps_len);
7405 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(gv));
7408 sv_setiv(MUTABLE_SV(gv), -1);
7410 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7411 cv = PL_compcv = NULL;
7415 cv = (!name || GvCVGEN(gv)) ? NULL : GvCV(gv);
7417 if (!block || !ps || *ps || attrs
7418 || (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS)
7420 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7425 const_sv = op_const_sv(block, NULL);
7428 const bool exists = CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv);
7430 /* if the subroutine doesn't exist and wasn't pre-declared
7431 * with a prototype, assume it will be AUTOLOADed,
7432 * skipping the prototype check
7434 if (exists || SvPOK(cv))
7435 cv_ckproto_len_flags(cv, gv, ps, ps_len, ps_utf8);
7436 /* already defined (or promised)? */
7437 if (exists || GvASSUMECV(gv)) {
7440 || block->op_type == OP_NULL
7443 if (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv)) {
7444 /* might have had built-in attrs applied */
7445 const bool pureperl = !CvISXSUB(cv) && CvROOT(cv);
7446 if (CvLVALUE(PL_compcv) && ! CvLVALUE(cv) && pureperl
7447 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
7448 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined");
7450 (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS
7451 & ~(CVf_LVALUE * pureperl));
7453 if (attrs) goto attrs;
7454 /* just a "sub foo;" when &foo is already defined */
7455 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv);
7460 && block->op_type != OP_NULL
7463 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
7464 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
7465 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first
7466 line of a redefinition, not the last. */
7467 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
7469 report_redefined_cv(cSVOPo->op_sv, cv, &const_sv);
7470 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
7472 if (!PL_minus_c) /* keep old one around for madskills */
7475 /* (PL_madskills unset in used file.) */
7483 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(const_sv);
7485 assert(!CvROOT(cv) && !CvCONST(cv));
7487 sv_setpvs(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ""); /* prototype is "" */
7488 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = const_sv;
7489 CvXSUB(cv) = const_sv_xsub;
7495 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(
7496 NULL, name, namlen, name_is_utf8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0,
7503 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7507 if (cv) { /* must reuse cv if autoloaded */
7508 /* transfer PL_compcv to cv */
7511 && block->op_type != OP_NULL
7514 cv_flags_t existing_builtin_attrs = CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS;
7515 PADLIST *const temp_av = CvPADLIST(cv);
7516 CV *const temp_cv = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
7517 const cv_flags_t other_flags =
7518 CvFLAGS(cv) & (CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7519 OP * const cvstart = CvSTART(cv);
7522 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
7523 assert(CvGV(cv) == gv);
7526 CvFLAGS(cv) = CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) | existing_builtin_attrs;
7527 CvOUTSIDE(cv) = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
7528 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(PL_compcv);
7529 CvPADLIST(cv) = CvPADLIST(PL_compcv);
7530 CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv) = temp_cv;
7531 CvPADLIST(PL_compcv) = temp_av;
7532 CvSTART(cv) = CvSTART(PL_compcv);
7533 CvSTART(PL_compcv) = cvstart;
7534 CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) &= ~(CVf_SLABBED|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
7535 CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) |= other_flags;
7537 if (CvFILE(cv) && CvDYNFILE(cv)) {
7538 Safefree(CvFILE(cv));
7540 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7541 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7543 /* inner references to PL_compcv must be fixed up ... */
7544 pad_fixup_inner_anons(CvPADLIST(cv), PL_compcv, cv);
7545 if (PERLDB_INTER)/* Advice debugger on the new sub. */
7546 ++PL_sub_generation;
7549 /* Might have had built-in attributes applied -- propagate them. */
7550 CvFLAGS(cv) |= (CvFLAGS(PL_compcv) & CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS);
7552 /* ... before we throw it away */
7553 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compcv);
7561 if (HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7562 /* sub Foo::bar { (shift)+1 } */
7563 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
7568 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7569 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7573 sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(cv), ps, ps_len);
7574 if ( ps_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7581 /* If we assign an optree to a PVCV, then we've defined a subroutine that
7582 the debugger could be able to set a breakpoint in, so signal to
7583 pp_entereval that it should not throw away any saved lines at scope
7586 PL_breakable_sub_gen++;
7587 /* This makes sub {}; work as expected. */
7588 if (block->op_type == OP_STUB) {
7589 OP* const newblock = newSTATEOP(0, NULL, 0);
7591 op_getmad(block,newblock,'B');
7597 CvROOT(cv) = CvLVALUE(cv)
7598 ? newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUBLV, 0,
7599 op_lvalue(scalarseq(block), OP_LEAVESUBLV))
7600 : newUNOP(OP_LEAVESUB, 0, scalarseq(block));
7601 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7602 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7603 /* The cv no longer needs to hold a refcount on the slab, as CvROOT
7604 itself has a refcount. */
7606 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok((OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv));
7607 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7608 slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(cv);
7610 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
7611 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
7612 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
7613 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
7615 /* now that optimizer has done its work, adjust pad values */
7617 pad_tidy(CvCLONE(cv) ? padtidy_SUBCLONE : padtidy_SUB);
7620 assert(!CvCONST(cv));
7621 if (ps && !*ps && op_const_sv(block, cv))
7627 /* Need to do a C<use attributes $stash_of_cv,\&cv,@attrs>. */
7628 HV *stash = name && GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)) ? GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)) : PL_curstash;
7629 if (!name) SAVEFREESV(cv);
7630 apply_attrs(stash, MUTABLE_SV(cv), attrs);
7631 if (!name) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cv);
7634 if (block && has_name) {
7635 if (PERLDB_SUBLINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
7636 SV * const tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
7637 GV * const db_postponed = gv_fetchpvs("DB::postponed",
7638 GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
7640 SV * const sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s:%ld-%ld",
7643 (long)CopLINE(PL_curcop));
7644 gv_efullname3(tmpstr, gv, NULL);
7645 (void)hv_store(GvHV(PL_DBsub), SvPVX_const(tmpstr),
7646 SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr), sv, 0);
7647 hv = GvHVn(db_postponed);
7648 if (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) > 0 && hv_exists(hv, SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvUTF8(tmpstr) ? -(I32)SvCUR(tmpstr) : (I32)SvCUR(tmpstr))) {
7649 CV * const pcv = GvCV(db_postponed);
7655 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(pcv), G_DISCARD);
7660 if (name && ! (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
7661 process_special_blocks(floor, name, gv, cv);
7666 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
7668 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
7669 /* Watch out for BEGIN blocks */
7670 if (slab && gv && isGV(gv) && GvCV(gv)) Slab_to_ro(slab);
7676 S_process_special_blocks(pTHX_ I32 floor, const char *const fullname,
7680 const char *const colon = strrchr(fullname,':');
7681 const char *const name = colon ? colon + 1 : fullname;
7683 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PROCESS_SPECIAL_BLOCKS;
7686 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN")) {
7687 const I32 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
7688 if (floor) LEAVE_SCOPE(floor);
7690 SAVECOPFILE(&PL_compiling);
7691 SAVECOPLINE(&PL_compiling);
7692 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
7694 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7695 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_beginav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7696 GvCV_set(gv,0); /* cv has been hijacked */
7697 call_list(oldscope, PL_beginav);
7699 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
7706 if strEQ(name, "END") {
7707 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7708 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_endav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7711 } else if (*name == 'U') {
7712 if (strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK")) {
7713 /* It's never too late to run a unitcheck block */
7714 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_unitcheckav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7718 } else if (*name == 'C') {
7719 if (strEQ(name, "CHECK")) {
7721 /* diag_listed_as: Too late to run %s block */
7722 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
7723 "Too late to run CHECK block");
7724 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(aTHX_ &PL_checkav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7728 } else if (*name == 'I') {
7729 if (strEQ(name, "INIT")) {
7731 /* diag_listed_as: Too late to run %s block */
7732 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
7733 "Too late to run INIT block");
7734 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_initav, MUTABLE_SV(cv));
7740 DEBUG_x( dump_sub(gv) );
7741 GvCV_set(gv,0); /* cv has been hijacked */
7746 =for apidoc newCONSTSUB
7748 See L</newCONSTSUB_flags>.
7754 Perl_newCONSTSUB(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, SV *sv)
7756 return newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, 0, sv);
7760 =for apidoc newCONSTSUB_flags
7762 Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
7763 eligible for inlining at compile-time.
7765 Currently, the only useful value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
7767 The newly created subroutine takes ownership of a reference to the passed in
7770 Passing NULL for SV creates a constant sub equivalent to C<sub BAR () {}>,
7771 which won't be called if used as a destructor, but will suppress the overhead
7772 of a call to C<AUTOLOAD>. (This form, however, isn't eligible for inlining at
7779 Perl_newCONSTSUB_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
7785 const char *const file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
7787 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
7788 const char *const file = temp_sv ? SvPV_nolen_const(temp_sv) : NULL;
7793 if (IN_PERL_RUNTIME) {
7794 /* at runtime, it's not safe to manipulate PL_curcop: it may be
7795 * an op shared between threads. Use a non-shared COP for our
7797 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
7798 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
7799 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
7800 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
7802 SAVECOPLINE(PL_curcop);
7803 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser ? PL_parser->copline : NOLINE);
7806 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
7809 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
7810 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(stash);
7813 /* file becomes the CvFILE. For an XS, it's usually static storage,
7814 and so doesn't get free()d. (It's expected to be from the C pre-
7815 processor __FILE__ directive). But we need a dynamically allocated one,
7816 and we need it to get freed. */
7817 cv = newXS_len_flags(name, len, const_sv_xsub, file ? file : "", "",
7818 &sv, XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME | flags);
7819 CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr = sv;
7828 Perl_newXS_flags(pTHX_ const char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr,
7829 const char *const filename, const char *const proto,
7832 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS_FLAGS;
7833 return newXS_len_flags(
7834 name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, subaddr, filename, proto, NULL, flags
7839 Perl_newXS_len_flags(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len,
7840 XSUBADDR_t subaddr, const char *const filename,
7841 const char *const proto, SV **const_svp,
7846 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS_LEN_FLAGS;
7849 GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvn(
7850 name ? name : PL_curstash ? "__ANON__" : "__ANON__::__ANON__",
7851 name ? len : PL_curstash ? sizeof("__ANON__") - 1:
7852 sizeof("__ANON__::__ANON__") - 1,
7853 GV_ADDMULTI | flags, SVt_PVCV);
7856 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no address for '%s' in '%s'", name, filename);
7858 if ((cv = (name ? GvCV(gv) : NULL))) {
7860 /* just a cached method */
7864 else if (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv) || GvASSUMECV(gv)) {
7865 /* already defined (or promised) */
7866 /* Redundant check that allows us to avoid creating an SV
7867 most of the time: */
7868 if (CvCONST(cv) || ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
7869 report_redefined_cv(newSVpvn_flags(
7870 name,len,(flags&SVf_UTF8)|SVs_TEMP
7879 if (cv) /* must reuse cv if autoloaded */
7882 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7886 if (HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7887 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* newXS */
7893 (void)gv_fetchfile(filename);
7894 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)filename; /* NOTE: not copied, as it is expected to be
7895 an external constant string */
7896 assert(!CvDYNFILE(cv)); /* cv_undef should have turned it off */
7898 CvXSUB(cv) = subaddr;
7901 process_special_blocks(0, name, gv, cv);
7904 if (flags & XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME) {
7905 CvFILE(cv) = savepv(filename);
7908 sv_setpv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto);
7913 Perl_newSTUB(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool fake)
7915 CV *cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
7916 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSTUB;
7920 if (!fake && HvENAME_HEK(GvSTASH(gv)))
7921 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
7923 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7924 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash);
7930 =for apidoc U||newXS
7932 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. I<filename> needs to be
7933 static storage, as it is used directly as CvFILE(), without a copy being made.
7939 Perl_newXS(pTHX_ const char *name, XSUBADDR_t subaddr, const char *filename)
7941 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWXS;
7942 return newXS_len_flags(
7943 name, name ? strlen(name) : 0, subaddr, filename, NULL, NULL, 0
7952 Perl_newFORM(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *o, OP *block)
7957 OP* pegop = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
7962 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
7968 ? gv_fetchsv(cSVOPo->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVFM)
7969 : gv_fetchpvs("STDOUT", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVFM);
7972 if ((cv = GvFORM(gv))) {
7973 if (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)) {
7974 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
7975 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
7976 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
7978 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
7979 "Format %"SVf" redefined", SVfARG(cSVOPo->op_sv));
7981 /* diag_listed_as: Format %s redefined */
7982 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
7983 "Format STDOUT redefined");
7985 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
7990 GvFORM(gv) = (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv);
7992 CvFILE_set_from_cop(cv, PL_curcop);
7995 pad_tidy(padtidy_FORMAT);
7996 CvROOT(cv) = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEWRITE, 0, scalarseq(block));
7997 CvROOT(cv)->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
7998 OpREFCNT_set(CvROOT(cv), 1);
7999 CvSTART(cv) = LINKLIST(CvROOT(cv));
8000 CvROOT(cv)->op_next = 0;
8001 CALL_PEEP(CvSTART(cv));
8002 finalize_optree(CvROOT(cv));
8007 op_getmad(o,pegop,'n');
8008 op_getmad_weak(block, pegop, 'b');
8013 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
8021 Perl_newANONLIST(pTHX_ OP *o)
8023 return convert(OP_ANONLIST, OPf_SPECIAL, o);
8027 Perl_newANONHASH(pTHX_ OP *o)
8029 return convert(OP_ANONHASH, OPf_SPECIAL, o);
8033 Perl_newANONSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *proto, OP *block)
8035 return newANONATTRSUB(floor, proto, NULL, block);
8039 Perl_newANONATTRSUB(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *proto, OP *attrs, OP *block)
8041 return newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
8042 newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
8043 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, proto, attrs, block))));
8047 Perl_oopsAV(pTHX_ OP *o)
8051 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OOPSAV;
8053 switch (o->op_type) {
8055 o->op_type = OP_PADAV;
8056 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADAV];
8057 return ref(o, OP_RV2AV);
8060 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
8061 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
8066 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "oops: oopsAV");
8073 Perl_oopsHV(pTHX_ OP *o)
8077 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OOPSHV;
8079 switch (o->op_type) {
8082 o->op_type = OP_PADHV;
8083 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADHV];
8084 return ref(o, OP_RV2HV);
8088 o->op_type = OP_RV2HV;
8089 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2HV];
8094 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "oops: oopsHV");
8101 Perl_newAVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWAVREF;
8107 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8108 o->op_type = OP_PADAV;
8109 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADAV];
8112 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2AV || o->op_type == OP_PADAV)) {
8113 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8114 "Using an array as a reference is deprecated");
8116 return newUNOP(OP_RV2AV, 0, scalar(o));
8120 Perl_newGVREF(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *o)
8122 if (type == OP_MAPSTART || type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_SORT)
8123 return newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o);
8124 return ref(newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, OPf_REF, o), type);
8128 Perl_newHVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8132 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWHVREF;
8134 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8135 o->op_type = OP_PADHV;
8136 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADHV];
8139 else if ((o->op_type == OP_RV2HV || o->op_type == OP_PADHV)) {
8140 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8141 "Using a hash as a reference is deprecated");
8143 return newUNOP(OP_RV2HV, 0, scalar(o));
8147 Perl_newCVREF(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *o)
8149 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8151 o->op_type = OP_PADCV;
8152 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADCV];
8155 return newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, flags, scalar(o));
8159 Perl_newSVREF(pTHX_ OP *o)
8163 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVREF;
8165 if (o->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
8166 o->op_type = OP_PADSV;
8167 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADSV];
8170 return newUNOP(OP_RV2SV, 0, scalar(o));
8173 /* Check routines. See the comments at the top of this file for details
8174 * on when these are called */
8177 Perl_ck_anoncode(pTHX_ OP *o)
8179 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ANONCODE;
8181 cSVOPo->op_targ = pad_add_anon((CV*)cSVOPo->op_sv, o->op_type);
8183 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
8188 Perl_ck_bitop(pTHX_ OP *o)
8192 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_BITOP;
8194 o->op_private = (U8)(PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER);
8195 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* Not an assignment */
8196 && (o->op_type == OP_BIT_OR
8197 || o->op_type == OP_BIT_AND
8198 || o->op_type == OP_BIT_XOR))
8200 const OP * const left = cBINOPo->op_first;
8201 const OP * const right = left->op_sibling;
8202 if ((OP_IS_NUMCOMPARE(left->op_type) &&
8203 (left->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) == 0) ||
8204 (OP_IS_NUMCOMPARE(right->op_type) &&
8205 (right->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) == 0))
8206 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PRECEDENCE),
8207 "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator",
8208 o->op_type == OP_BIT_OR ? '|'
8209 : o->op_type == OP_BIT_AND ? '&' : '^'
8215 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
8216 is_dollar_bracket(pTHX_ const OP * const o)
8219 return o->op_type == OP_RV2SV && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
8220 && (kid = cUNOPx(o)->op_first)
8221 && kid->op_type == OP_GV
8222 && strEQ(GvNAME(cGVOPx_gv(kid)), "[");
8226 Perl_ck_cmp(pTHX_ OP *o)
8228 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_CMP;
8229 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
8230 const OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8233 is_dollar_bracket(aTHX_ kid)
8234 && kid->op_sibling && kid->op_sibling->op_type == OP_CONST
8236 || ( kid->op_type == OP_CONST
8237 && (kid = kid->op_sibling) && is_dollar_bracket(aTHX_ kid))
8239 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
8240 "$[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)", OP_DESC(o));
8246 Perl_ck_concat(pTHX_ OP *o)
8248 const OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8250 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_CONCAT;
8251 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
8253 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONCAT && !(kid->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) &&
8254 !(kUNOP->op_first->op_flags & OPf_MOD))
8255 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
8260 Perl_ck_spair(pTHX_ OP *o)
8264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SPAIR;
8266 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8269 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
8270 o = modkids(ck_fun(o), type);
8271 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8272 newop = kUNOP->op_first->op_sibling;
8274 const OPCODE type = newop->op_type;
8275 if (newop->op_sibling || !(PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR) ||
8276 type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV ||
8277 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV)
8281 op_getmad(kUNOP->op_first,newop,'K');
8283 op_free(kUNOP->op_first);
8285 kUNOP->op_first = newop;
8287 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[++o->op_type];
8292 Perl_ck_delete(pTHX_ OP *o)
8294 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DELETE;
8298 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8299 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8300 switch (kid->op_type) {
8302 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8305 o->op_private |= OPpSLICE;
8308 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8313 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice",
8316 if (kid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
8317 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
8324 Perl_ck_die(pTHX_ OP *o)
8326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DIE;
8329 if (VMSISH_HUSHED) o->op_private |= OPpHUSH_VMSISH;
8335 Perl_ck_eof(pTHX_ OP *o)
8339 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EOF;
8341 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8343 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8345 = newUNOP(o->op_type, OPf_SPECIAL, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv));
8347 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8354 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
8355 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
8356 kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
8362 Perl_ck_eval(pTHX_ OP *o)
8366 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EVAL;
8368 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
8369 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8370 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8373 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
8376 else if (kid->op_type == OP_LINESEQ || kid->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8382 cUNOPo->op_first = 0;
8387 NewOp(1101, enter, 1, LOGOP);
8388 enter->op_type = OP_ENTERTRY;
8389 enter->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERTRY];
8390 enter->op_private = 0;
8392 /* establish postfix order */
8393 enter->op_next = (OP*)enter;
8395 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)enter, (OP*)kid);
8396 o->op_type = OP_LEAVETRY;
8397 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVETRY];
8398 enter->op_other = o;
8399 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8408 const U8 priv = o->op_private;
8414 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTEREVAL, priv <<8, newDEFSVOP());
8415 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8417 o->op_targ = (PADOFFSET)PL_hints;
8418 if (o->op_private & OPpEVAL_BYTES) o->op_targ &= ~HINT_UTF8;
8419 if ((PL_hints & HINT_LOCALIZE_HH) != 0
8420 && !(o->op_private & OPpEVAL_COPHH) && GvHV(PL_hintgv)) {
8421 /* Store a copy of %^H that pp_entereval can pick up. */
8422 OP *hhop = newSVOP(OP_HINTSEVAL, 0,
8423 MUTABLE_SV(hv_copy_hints_hv(GvHV(PL_hintgv))));
8424 cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling = hhop;
8425 o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_HAS_HH;
8427 if (!(o->op_private & OPpEVAL_BYTES)
8428 && FEATURE_UNIEVAL_IS_ENABLED)
8429 o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_UNICODE;
8434 Perl_ck_exit(pTHX_ OP *o)
8436 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXIT;
8439 HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
8441 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(table, "vmsish_exit", FALSE);
8442 if (svp && *svp && SvTRUE(*svp))
8443 o->op_private |= OPpEXIT_VMSISH;
8445 if (VMSISH_HUSHED) o->op_private |= OPpHUSH_VMSISH;
8451 Perl_ck_exec(pTHX_ OP *o)
8453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXEC;
8455 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
8458 kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
8459 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
8468 Perl_ck_exists(pTHX_ OP *o)
8472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EXISTS;
8475 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8476 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
8477 if (kid->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
8478 (void) ref(kid, o->op_type);
8479 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV
8480 && !(PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
8481 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a subroutine name",
8483 o->op_private |= OPpEXISTS_SUB;
8485 else if (kid->op_type == OP_AELEM)
8486 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
8487 else if (kid->op_type != OP_HELEM)
8488 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine",
8496 Perl_ck_rvconst(pTHX_ register OP *o)
8499 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8501 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RVCONST;
8503 o->op_private |= (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_REFS);
8504 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
8505 o->op_private &= ~1;
8507 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
8510 SV * const kidsv = kid->op_sv;
8512 /* Is it a constant from cv_const_sv()? */
8513 if (SvROK(kidsv) && SvREADONLY(kidsv)) {
8514 SV * const rsv = SvRV(kidsv);
8515 const svtype type = SvTYPE(rsv);
8516 const char *badtype = NULL;
8518 switch (o->op_type) {
8520 if (type > SVt_PVMG)
8521 badtype = "a SCALAR";
8524 if (type != SVt_PVAV)
8525 badtype = "an ARRAY";
8528 if (type != SVt_PVHV)
8532 if (type != SVt_PVCV)
8537 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Constant is not %s reference", badtype);
8540 if ((o->op_private & HINT_STRICT_REFS) && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) {
8541 const char *badthing;
8542 switch (o->op_type) {
8544 badthing = "a SCALAR";
8547 badthing = "an ARRAY";
8550 badthing = "a HASH";
8558 "Can't use bareword (\"%"SVf"\") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use",
8559 SVfARG(kidsv), badthing);
8562 * This is a little tricky. We only want to add the symbol if we
8563 * didn't add it in the lexer. Otherwise we get duplicate strict
8564 * warnings. But if we didn't add it in the lexer, we must at
8565 * least pretend like we wanted to add it even if it existed before,
8566 * or we get possible typo warnings. OPpCONST_ENTERED says
8567 * whether the lexer already added THIS instance of this symbol.
8569 iscv = (o->op_type == OP_RV2CV) * 2;
8571 gv = gv_fetchsv(kidsv,
8572 iscv | !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_ENTERED),
8575 : o->op_type == OP_RV2SV
8577 : o->op_type == OP_RV2AV
8579 : o->op_type == OP_RV2HV
8582 } while (!gv && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_ENTERED) && !iscv++);
8584 kid->op_type = OP_GV;
8585 SvREFCNT_dec(kid->op_sv);
8587 /* XXX hack: dependence on sizeof(PADOP) <= sizeof(SVOP) */
8588 kPADOP->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_GV, SVs_PADTMP);
8589 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(kPADOP->op_padix));
8591 PAD_SETSV(kPADOP->op_padix, MUTABLE_SV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv)));
8593 kid->op_sv = SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv);
8595 kid->op_private = 0;
8596 kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GV];
8597 /* FAKE globs in the symbol table cause weird bugs (#77810) */
8605 Perl_ck_ftst(pTHX_ OP *o)
8608 const I32 type = o->op_type;
8610 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_FTST;
8612 if (o->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
8615 else if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_STUB) {
8616 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
8617 const OPCODE kidtype = kid->op_type;
8619 if (kidtype == OP_CONST && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)
8620 && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
8621 OP * const newop = newGVOP(type, OPf_REF,
8622 gv_fetchsv(kid->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO));
8624 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8630 if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && OP_IS_FILETEST_ACCESS(o->op_type))
8631 o->op_private |= OPpFT_ACCESS;
8632 if (PL_check[kidtype] == Perl_ck_ftst
8633 && kidtype != OP_STAT && kidtype != OP_LSTAT) {
8634 o->op_private |= OPpFT_STACKED;
8635 kid->op_private |= OPpFT_STACKING;
8636 if (kidtype == OP_FTTTY && (
8637 !(kid->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED)
8638 || kid->op_private & OPpFT_AFTER_t
8640 o->op_private |= OPpFT_AFTER_t;
8649 if (type == OP_FTTTY)
8650 o = newGVOP(type, OPf_REF, PL_stdingv);
8652 o = newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8653 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
8659 Perl_ck_fun(pTHX_ OP *o)
8662 const int type = o->op_type;
8663 I32 oa = PL_opargs[type] >> OASHIFT;
8665 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_FUN;
8667 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
8668 if ((oa & OA_OPTIONAL) && (oa >> 4) && !((oa >> 4) & OA_OPTIONAL))
8671 return no_fh_allowed(o);
8674 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
8675 OP **tokid = &cLISTOPo->op_first;
8676 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
8679 bool seen_optional = FALSE;
8681 if (kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK ||
8682 (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_PUSHMARK))
8684 tokid = &kid->op_sibling;
8685 kid = kid->op_sibling;
8687 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
8688 bool optional = FALSE;
8691 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL) optional = TRUE;
8694 if (optional) o->op_private |= numargs;
8699 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL || (oa & 7) == OA_LIST) {
8700 if (!kid && !seen_optional && PL_opargs[type] & OA_DEFGV)
8701 *tokid = kid = newDEFSVOP();
8702 seen_optional = TRUE;
8707 sibl = kid->op_sibling;
8709 if (!sibl && kid->op_type == OP_STUB) {
8716 /* list seen where single (scalar) arg expected? */
8717 if (numargs == 1 && !(oa >> 4)
8718 && kid->op_type == OP_LIST && type != OP_SCALAR)
8720 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,PL_op_desc[type], 0);
8733 if ((type == OP_PUSH || type == OP_UNSHIFT)
8734 && !kid->op_sibling)
8735 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
8736 "Useless use of %s with no values",
8739 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8740 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8742 OP * const newop = newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8743 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVAV) ));
8744 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8745 "Array @%"SVf" missing the @ in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
8746 SVfARG(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv), (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
8748 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8753 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8756 else if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST
8757 && ( !SvROK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))
8758 || SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVAV )
8760 bad_type_pv(numargs, "array", PL_op_desc[type], 0, kid);
8761 /* Defer checks to run-time if we have a scalar arg */
8762 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2AV || kid->op_type == OP_PADAV)
8763 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8767 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8768 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8770 OP * const newop = newHVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8771 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV) ));
8772 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
8773 "Hash %%%"SVf" missing the %% in argument %"IVdf" of %s()",
8774 SVfARG(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv), (IV)numargs, PL_op_desc[type]);
8776 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8781 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8784 else if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2HV && kid->op_type != OP_PADHV)
8785 bad_type_pv(numargs, "hash", PL_op_desc[type], 0, kid);
8786 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8790 OP * const newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, kid);
8791 kid->op_sibling = 0;
8792 newop->op_next = newop;
8794 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8799 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV && kid->op_type != OP_RV2GV) {
8800 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
8801 (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
8803 OP * const newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0,
8804 gv_fetchsv(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO));
8805 if (!(o->op_private & 1) && /* if not unop */
8806 kid == cLISTOPo->op_last)
8807 cLISTOPo->op_last = newop;
8809 op_getmad(kid,newop,'K');
8815 else if (kid->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
8816 /* neophyte patrol: open(<FH>), close(<FH>) etc. */
8817 bad_type_pv(numargs, "HANDLE", OP_DESC(o), 0, kid);
8820 I32 flags = OPf_SPECIAL;
8824 /* is this op a FH constructor? */
8825 if (is_handle_constructor(o,numargs)) {
8826 const char *name = NULL;
8829 bool want_dollar = TRUE;
8832 /* Set a flag to tell rv2gv to vivify
8833 * need to "prove" flag does not mean something
8834 * else already - NI-S 1999/05/07
8837 if (kid->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
8839 = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(kid->op_targ);
8840 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
8841 name_utf8 = SvUTF8(namesv);
8843 else if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2SV
8844 && kUNOP->op_first->op_type == OP_GV)
8846 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(kUNOP->op_first);
8848 len = GvNAMELEN(gv);
8849 name_utf8 = GvNAMEUTF8(gv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
8851 else if (kid->op_type == OP_AELEM
8852 || kid->op_type == OP_HELEM)
8855 OP *op = ((BINOP*)kid)->op_first;
8859 const char * const a =
8860 kid->op_type == OP_AELEM ?
8862 if (((op->op_type == OP_RV2AV) ||
8863 (op->op_type == OP_RV2HV)) &&
8864 (firstop = ((UNOP*)op)->op_first) &&
8865 (firstop->op_type == OP_GV)) {
8866 /* packagevar $a[] or $h{} */
8867 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(firstop);
8875 else if (op->op_type == OP_PADAV
8876 || op->op_type == OP_PADHV) {
8877 /* lexicalvar $a[] or $h{} */
8878 const char * const padname =
8879 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(op->op_targ);
8888 name = SvPV_const(tmpstr, len);
8889 name_utf8 = SvUTF8(tmpstr);
8894 name = "__ANONIO__";
8896 want_dollar = FALSE;
8898 op_lvalue(kid, type);
8902 targ = pad_alloc(OP_RV2GV, SVs_PADTMP);
8903 namesv = PAD_SVl(targ);
8904 SvUPGRADE(namesv, SVt_PV);
8905 if (want_dollar && *name != '$')
8906 sv_setpvs(namesv, "$");
8907 sv_catpvn(namesv, name, len);
8908 if ( name_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(namesv);
8911 kid->op_sibling = 0;
8912 kid = newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, flags, scalar(kid));
8913 kid->op_targ = targ;
8914 kid->op_private |= priv;
8916 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
8922 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_POS)
8923 && numargs == 1 && !(oa >> 4)
8924 && kid->op_type == OP_LIST)
8925 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,PL_op_desc[type], 0);
8926 op_lvalue(scalar(kid), type);
8930 tokid = &kid->op_sibling;
8931 kid = kid->op_sibling;
8934 if (kid && kid->op_type != OP_STUB)
8935 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8936 o->op_private |= numargs;
8938 /* FIXME - should the numargs move as for the PERL_MAD case? */
8939 o->op_private |= numargs;
8941 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8945 else if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_DEFGV) {
8947 OP *newop = newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8948 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
8951 /* Ordering of these two is important to keep f_map.t passing. */
8953 return newUNOP(type, 0, newDEFSVOP());
8958 while (oa & OA_OPTIONAL)
8960 if (oa && oa != OA_LIST)
8961 return too_few_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
8967 Perl_ck_glob(pTHX_ OP *o)
8971 const bool core = o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
8973 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_GLOB;
8976 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && !cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling)
8977 op_append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newDEFSVOP()); /* glob() => glob($_) */
8979 if (core) gv = NULL;
8980 else if (!((gv = gv_fetchpvs("glob", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV))
8981 && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)))
8983 GV * const * const gvp =
8984 (GV **)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "glob", FALSE);
8985 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
8988 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
8991 * \ null - const(wildcard)
8996 * \ mark - glob - rv2cv
8997 * | \ gv(CORE::GLOBAL::glob)
8999 * \ null - const(wildcard) - const(ix)
9001 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9002 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_GLOB, SVs_PADTMP);
9003 op_append_elem(OP_GLOB, o,
9004 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(PL_glob_index++)));
9005 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
9006 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
9007 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, o,
9008 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
9009 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
9010 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o);
9011 o->op_targ = OP_GLOB; /* hint at what it used to be: eg in newWHILEOP */
9014 else o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
9015 #if !defined(PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB)
9018 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
9019 newSVpvs("File::Glob"), NULL, NULL, NULL);
9022 #endif /* !PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB */
9023 gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
9024 gv_init(gv, 0, "", 0, 0);
9026 #ifndef PERL_EXTERNAL_GLOB
9027 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv),PL_glob_index++);
9029 op_append_elem(OP_GLOB, o, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv));
9030 SvREFCNT_dec(gv); /* newGVOP increased it */
9036 Perl_ck_grep(pTHX_ OP *o)
9041 const OPCODE type = o->op_type == OP_GREPSTART ? OP_GREPWHILE : OP_MAPWHILE;
9044 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_GREP;
9046 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GREPSTART];
9047 /* don't allocate gwop here, as we may leak it if PL_parser->error_count > 0 */
9049 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
9050 kid = cUNOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
9051 if (kid->op_type != OP_SCOPE && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVE)
9052 return no_fh_allowed(o);
9053 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_STACKED;
9055 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9056 if (type == OP_MAPWHILE)
9061 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
9063 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9064 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL)
9065 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_grep, type=%u", (unsigned) kid->op_type);
9066 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
9068 NewOp(1101, gwop, 1, LOGOP);
9069 gwop->op_type = type;
9070 gwop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
9072 gwop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
9073 gwop->op_other = LINKLIST(kid);
9074 kid->op_next = (OP*)gwop;
9075 offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
9076 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
9077 o->op_private = gwop->op_private = 0;
9078 gwop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
9081 o->op_private = gwop->op_private = OPpGREP_LEX;
9082 gwop->op_targ = o->op_targ = offset;
9085 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9086 for (kid = kid->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
9087 op_lvalue(kid, OP_GREPSTART);
9093 Perl_ck_index(pTHX_ OP *o)
9095 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_INDEX;
9097 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9098 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9100 kid = kid->op_sibling; /* get past "big" */
9101 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
9102 const bool save_taint = TAINT_get; /* accepted unused var warning if NO_TAINT_SUPPORT */
9103 fbm_compile(((SVOP*)kid)->op_sv, 0);
9104 TAINT_set(save_taint);
9111 Perl_ck_lfun(pTHX_ OP *o)
9113 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
9115 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LFUN;
9117 return modkids(ck_fun(o), type);
9121 Perl_ck_defined(pTHX_ OP *o) /* 19990527 MJD */
9123 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_DEFINED;
9125 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9126 switch (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type) {
9129 case OP_AASSIGN: /* Is this a good idea? */
9130 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9131 "defined(@array) is deprecated");
9132 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9133 "\t(Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)\n");
9137 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9138 "defined(%%hash) is deprecated");
9139 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
9140 "\t(Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)\n");
9151 Perl_ck_readline(pTHX_ OP *o)
9153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_READLINE;
9155 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9156 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9157 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV) kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
9161 = newUNOP(OP_READLINE, 0, newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv));
9163 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9173 Perl_ck_rfun(pTHX_ OP *o)
9175 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
9177 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RFUN;
9179 return refkids(ck_fun(o), type);
9183 Perl_ck_listiob(pTHX_ OP *o)
9187 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LISTIOB;
9189 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9192 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9194 if (kid->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
9195 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9196 if (kid && o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9197 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9198 else if (kid && !kid->op_sibling) { /* print HANDLE; */
9199 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE
9200 && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
9201 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED; /* make it a filehandle */
9202 kid = newUNOP(OP_RV2GV, OPf_REF, scalar(kid));
9203 cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling = kid;
9204 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid;
9205 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9210 op_append_elem(o->op_type, o, newDEFSVOP());
9212 if (o->op_type == OP_PRTF) return modkids(listkids(o), OP_PRTF);
9217 Perl_ck_smartmatch(pTHX_ OP *o)
9220 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SMARTMATCH;
9221 if (0 == (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
9222 OP *first = cBINOPo->op_first;
9223 OP *second = first->op_sibling;
9225 /* Implicitly take a reference to an array or hash */
9226 first->op_sibling = NULL;
9227 first = cBINOPo->op_first = ref_array_or_hash(first);
9228 second = first->op_sibling = ref_array_or_hash(second);
9230 /* Implicitly take a reference to a regular expression */
9231 if (first->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9232 first->op_type = OP_QR;
9233 first->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_QR];
9235 if (second->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9236 second->op_type = OP_QR;
9237 second->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_QR];
9246 Perl_ck_sassign(pTHX_ OP *o)
9249 OP * const kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SASSIGN;
9253 /* has a disposable target? */
9254 if ((PL_opargs[kid->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
9255 && !(kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9256 /* Cannot steal the second time! */
9257 && !(kid->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
9258 /* Keep the full thing for madskills */
9262 OP * const kkid = kid->op_sibling;
9264 /* Can just relocate the target. */
9265 if (kkid && kkid->op_type == OP_PADSV
9266 && !(kkid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
9268 kid->op_targ = kkid->op_targ;
9270 /* Now we do not need PADSV and SASSIGN. */
9271 kid->op_sibling = o->op_sibling; /* NULL */
9272 cLISTOPo->op_first = NULL;
9275 kid->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY; /* Used for context settings */
9279 if (kid->op_sibling) {
9280 OP *kkid = kid->op_sibling;
9281 /* For state variable assignment, kkid is a list op whose op_last
9283 if ((kkid->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
9284 (kkid->op_type == OP_LIST &&
9285 (kkid = cLISTOPx(kkid)->op_last)->op_type == OP_PADSV
9288 && (kkid->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
9289 && SvPAD_STATE(*av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, kkid->op_targ, FALSE))) {
9290 const PADOFFSET target = kkid->op_targ;
9291 OP *const other = newOP(OP_PADSV,
9293 | ((kkid->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO) << 8));
9294 OP *const first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
9295 OP *const nullop = newCONDOP(0, first, o, other);
9296 OP *const condop = first->op_next;
9297 /* hijacking PADSTALE for uninitialized state variables */
9298 SvPADSTALE_on(PAD_SVl(target));
9300 condop->op_type = OP_ONCE;
9301 condop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ONCE];
9302 condop->op_targ = target;
9303 other->op_targ = target;
9305 /* Because we change the type of the op here, we will skip the
9306 assignment binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling; at the
9307 end of Perl_newBINOP(). So need to do it here. */
9308 cBINOPo->op_last = cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9317 Perl_ck_match(pTHX_ OP *o)
9321 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_MATCH;
9323 if (o->op_type != OP_QR && PL_compcv) {
9324 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
9325 if (offset != NOT_IN_PAD && !(PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset))) {
9326 o->op_targ = offset;
9327 o->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY;
9330 if (o->op_type == OP_MATCH || o->op_type == OP_QR)
9331 o->op_private |= OPpRUNTIME;
9336 Perl_ck_method(pTHX_ OP *o)
9338 OP * const kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
9340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_METHOD;
9342 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST) {
9343 SV* sv = kSVOP->op_sv;
9344 const char * const method = SvPVX_const(sv);
9345 if (!(strchr(method, ':') || strchr(method, '\''))) {
9348 sv = newSVpvn_share(method, SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)SvCUR(sv) : (I32)SvCUR(sv), 0);
9351 kSVOP->op_sv = NULL;
9353 cmop = newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, sv);
9355 op_getmad(o,cmop,'O');
9366 Perl_ck_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
9368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_NULL;
9369 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
9374 Perl_ck_open(pTHX_ OP *o)
9377 HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
9379 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_OPEN;
9382 SV **svp = hv_fetchs(table, "open_IN", FALSE);
9385 const char *d = SvPV_const(*svp, len);
9386 const I32 mode = mode_from_discipline(d, len);
9387 if (mode & O_BINARY)
9388 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_IN_RAW;
9389 else if (mode & O_TEXT)
9390 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF;
9393 svp = hv_fetchs(table, "open_OUT", FALSE);
9396 const char *d = SvPV_const(*svp, len);
9397 const I32 mode = mode_from_discipline(d, len);
9398 if (mode & O_BINARY)
9399 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW;
9400 else if (mode & O_TEXT)
9401 o->op_private |= OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF;
9404 if (o->op_type == OP_BACKTICK) {
9405 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9406 OP * const newop = newUNOP(OP_BACKTICK, 0, newDEFSVOP());
9408 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9417 /* In case of three-arg dup open remove strictness
9418 * from the last arg if it is a bareword. */
9419 OP * const first = cLISTOPx(o)->op_first; /* The pushmark. */
9420 OP * const last = cLISTOPx(o)->op_last; /* The bareword. */
9424 if ((last->op_type == OP_CONST) && /* The bareword. */
9425 (last->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE) &&
9426 (last->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) &&
9427 (oa = first->op_sibling) && /* The fh. */
9428 (oa = oa->op_sibling) && /* The mode. */
9429 (oa->op_type == OP_CONST) &&
9430 SvPOK(((SVOP*)oa)->op_sv) &&
9431 (mode = SvPVX_const(((SVOP*)oa)->op_sv)) &&
9432 mode[0] == '>' && mode[1] == '&' && /* A dup open. */
9433 (last == oa->op_sibling)) /* The bareword. */
9434 last->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
9440 Perl_ck_repeat(pTHX_ OP *o)
9442 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_REPEAT;
9444 if (cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
9445 o->op_private |= OPpREPEAT_DOLIST;
9446 cBINOPo->op_first = force_list(cBINOPo->op_first);
9454 Perl_ck_require(pTHX_ OP *o)
9459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_REQUIRE;
9461 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) { /* Shall we supply missing .pm? */
9462 SVOP * const kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
9464 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && (kid->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) {
9465 SV * const sv = kid->op_sv;
9466 U32 was_readonly = SvREADONLY(sv);
9474 if (SvIsCOW(sv)) sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
9479 for (; s < end; s++) {
9480 if (*s == ':' && s[1] == ':') {
9482 Move(s+2, s+1, end - s - 1, char);
9487 sv_catpvs(sv, ".pm");
9488 SvFLAGS(sv) |= was_readonly;
9492 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) { /* Wasn't written as CORE::require */
9493 /* handle override, if any */
9494 gv = gv_fetchpvs("require", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
9495 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
9496 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "require", FALSE);
9497 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
9501 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
9503 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9504 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
9505 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
9513 newop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
9514 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, kid,
9515 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
9518 op_getmad(o,newop,'O');
9522 return scalar(ck_fun(o));
9526 Perl_ck_return(pTHX_ OP *o)
9531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_RETURN;
9533 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9534 if (CvLVALUE(PL_compcv)) {
9535 for (; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
9536 op_lvalue(kid, OP_LEAVESUBLV);
9543 Perl_ck_select(pTHX_ OP *o)
9548 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SELECT;
9550 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
9551 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9552 if (kid && kid->op_sibling) {
9553 o->op_type = OP_SSELECT;
9554 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SSELECT];
9556 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
9560 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9561 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
9562 kid->op_private &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
9567 Perl_ck_shift(pTHX_ OP *o)
9570 const I32 type = o->op_type;
9572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SHIFT;
9574 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
9577 if (!CvUNIQUE(PL_compcv)) {
9578 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9582 argop = newUNOP(OP_RV2AV, 0, scalar(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_argvgv)));
9585 OP * const oldo = o;
9586 o = newUNOP(type, 0, scalar(argop));
9587 op_getmad(oldo,o,'O');
9592 return newUNOP(type, 0, scalar(argop));
9595 return scalar(ck_fun(o));
9599 Perl_ck_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
9603 HV * const hinthv = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
9605 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SORT;
9608 SV ** const svp = hv_fetchs(hinthv, "sort", FALSE);
9610 const I32 sorthints = (I32)SvIV(*svp);
9611 if ((sorthints & HINT_SORT_QUICKSORT) != 0)
9612 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_QSORT;
9613 if ((sorthints & HINT_SORT_STABLE) != 0)
9614 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_STABLE;
9618 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9620 firstkid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9621 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) { /* may have been cleared */
9622 OP *kid = cUNOPx(firstkid)->op_first; /* get past null */
9624 if (kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE || kid->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
9626 if (kid->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
9627 op_null(kid); /* wipe out leave */
9628 /* Prevent execution from escaping out of the sort block. */
9631 /* provide scalar context for comparison function/block */
9632 kid = scalar(firstkid);
9634 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9637 firstkid = firstkid->op_sibling;
9640 /* provide list context for arguments */
9647 S_simplify_sort(pTHX_ OP *o)
9650 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling; /* get past pushmark */
9657 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SIMPLIFY_SORT;
9659 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
9661 GvMULTI_on(gv_fetchpvs("a", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV));
9662 GvMULTI_on(gv_fetchpvs("b", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV));
9663 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past null */
9664 if (!(have_scopeop = kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE)
9665 && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVE)
9667 kid = kLISTOP->op_last; /* get past scope */
9668 switch(kid->op_type) {
9672 if (!have_scopeop) goto padkids;
9677 k = kid; /* remember this node*/
9678 if (kBINOP->op_first->op_type != OP_RV2SV
9679 || kBINOP->op_last ->op_type != OP_RV2SV)
9682 Warn about my($a) or my($b) in a sort block, *if* $a or $b is
9683 then used in a comparison. This catches most, but not
9684 all cases. For instance, it catches
9685 sort { my($a); $a <=> $b }
9687 sort { my($a); $a < $b ? -1 : $a == $b ? 0 : 1; }
9688 (although why you'd do that is anyone's guess).
9692 if (!ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) return;
9693 kid = kBINOP->op_first;
9695 if (kid->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
9696 SV * const name = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name)[kid->op_targ];
9697 if (SvCUR(name) == 2 && *SvPVX(name) == '$'
9698 && (SvPVX(name)[1] == 'a' || SvPVX(name)[1] == 'b'))
9699 /* diag_listed_as: "my %s" used in sort comparison */
9700 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
9701 "\"%s %s\" used in sort comparison",
9702 SvPAD_STATE(name) ? "state" : "my",
9705 } while ((kid = kid->op_sibling));
9708 kid = kBINOP->op_first; /* get past cmp */
9709 if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
9711 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past rv2sv */
9713 if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash)
9715 gvname = GvNAME(gv);
9716 if (*gvname == 'a' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9718 else if (*gvname == 'b' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9723 kid = k; /* back to cmp */
9724 /* already checked above that it is rv2sv */
9725 kid = kBINOP->op_last; /* down to 2nd arg */
9726 if (kUNOP->op_first->op_type != OP_GV)
9728 kid = kUNOP->op_first; /* get past rv2sv */
9730 if (GvSTASH(gv) != PL_curstash)
9732 gvname = GvNAME(gv);
9734 ? !(*gvname == 'a' && gvname[1] == '\0')
9735 : !(*gvname == 'b' && gvname[1] == '\0'))
9737 o->op_flags &= ~(OPf_STACKED | OPf_SPECIAL);
9739 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_DESCEND;
9740 if (k->op_type == OP_NCMP)
9741 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_NUMERIC;
9742 if (k->op_type == OP_I_NCMP)
9743 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER;
9744 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9745 cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling = kid->op_sibling; /* bypass old block */
9747 op_getmad(kid,o,'S'); /* then delete it */
9749 op_free(kid); /* then delete it */
9754 Perl_ck_split(pTHX_ OP *o)
9759 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SPLIT;
9761 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
9762 return no_fh_allowed(o);
9764 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
9765 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL)
9766 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_split, type=%u", (unsigned) kid->op_type);
9767 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9768 op_free(cLISTOPo->op_first);
9770 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid;
9772 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(" "));
9773 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid; /* There was only one element previously */
9776 if (kid->op_type == OP_CONST && !(kid->op_private & OPpCONST_FOLDED)) {
9777 SV * const sv = kSVOP->op_sv;
9778 if (SvPOK(sv) && SvCUR(sv) == 1 && *SvPVX(sv) == ' ')
9779 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
9781 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH || kid->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
9782 OP * const sibl = kid->op_sibling;
9783 kid->op_sibling = 0;
9784 kid = pmruntime( newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), kid, 0, 0);
9785 if (cLISTOPo->op_first == cLISTOPo->op_last)
9786 cLISTOPo->op_last = kid;
9787 cLISTOPo->op_first = kid;
9788 kid->op_sibling = sibl;
9791 kid->op_type = OP_PUSHRE;
9792 kid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PUSHRE];
9794 if (((PMOP *)kid)->op_pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL) {
9795 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP),
9796 "Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split");
9799 if (!kid->op_sibling)
9800 op_append_elem(OP_SPLIT, o, newDEFSVOP());
9802 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9805 if (!kid->op_sibling)
9806 op_append_elem(OP_SPLIT, o, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)));
9807 assert(kid->op_sibling);
9809 kid = kid->op_sibling;
9812 if (kid->op_sibling)
9813 return too_many_arguments_pv(o,OP_DESC(o), 0);
9819 Perl_ck_join(pTHX_ OP *o)
9821 const OP * const kid = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
9823 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_JOIN;
9825 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
9826 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
9827 const REGEXP *re = PM_GETRE(kPMOP);
9829 ? newSVpvn_flags( RX_PRECOMP_const(re), RX_PRELEN(re),
9830 SVs_TEMP | ( RX_UTF8(re) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ) )
9831 : newSVpvs_flags( "STRING", SVs_TEMP );
9832 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
9833 "/%"SVf"/ should probably be written as \"%"SVf"\"",
9834 SVfARG(msg), SVfARG(msg));
9841 =for apidoc Am|CV *|rv2cv_op_cv|OP *cvop|U32 flags
9843 Examines an op, which is expected to identify a subroutine at runtime,
9844 and attempts to determine at compile time which subroutine it identifies.
9845 This is normally used during Perl compilation to determine whether
9846 a prototype can be applied to a function call. I<cvop> is the op
9847 being considered, normally an C<rv2cv> op. A pointer to the identified
9848 subroutine is returned, if it could be determined statically, and a null
9849 pointer is returned if it was not possible to determine statically.
9851 Currently, the subroutine can be identified statically if the RV that the
9852 C<rv2cv> is to operate on is provided by a suitable C<gv> or C<const> op.
9853 A C<gv> op is suitable if the GV's CV slot is populated. A C<const> op is
9854 suitable if the constant value must be an RV pointing to a CV. Details of
9855 this process may change in future versions of Perl. If the C<rv2cv> op
9856 has the C<OPpENTERSUB_AMPER> flag set then no attempt is made to identify
9857 the subroutine statically: this flag is used to suppress compile-time
9858 magic on a subroutine call, forcing it to use default runtime behaviour.
9860 If I<flags> has the bit C<RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY> set, then the handling
9861 of a GV reference is modified. If a GV was examined and its CV slot was
9862 found to be empty, then the C<gv> op has the C<OPpEARLY_CV> flag set.
9863 If the op is not optimised away, and the CV slot is later populated with
9864 a subroutine having a prototype, that flag eventually triggers the warning
9865 "called too early to check prototype".
9867 If I<flags> has the bit C<RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV> set, then instead
9868 of returning a pointer to the subroutine it returns a pointer to the
9869 GV giving the most appropriate name for the subroutine in this context.
9870 Normally this is just the C<CvGV> of the subroutine, but for an anonymous
9871 (C<CvANON>) subroutine that is referenced through a GV it will be the
9872 referencing GV. The resulting C<GV*> is cast to C<CV*> to be returned.
9873 A null pointer is returned as usual if there is no statically-determinable
9880 Perl_rv2cv_op_cv(pTHX_ OP *cvop, U32 flags)
9885 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RV2CV_OP_CV;
9886 if (flags & ~(RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY|RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV))
9887 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: rv2cv_op_cv bad flags %x", (unsigned)flags);
9888 if (cvop->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
9890 if (cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER)
9892 if (!(cvop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
9894 rvop = cUNOPx(cvop)->op_first;
9895 switch (rvop->op_type) {
9897 gv = cGVOPx_gv(rvop);
9900 if (flags & RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY)
9901 rvop->op_private |= OPpEARLY_CV;
9906 SV *rv = cSVOPx_sv(rvop);
9913 PADNAME *name = PAD_COMPNAME(rvop->op_targ);
9914 CV *compcv = PL_compcv;
9915 PADOFFSET off = rvop->op_targ;
9916 while (PadnameOUTER(name)) {
9917 assert(PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name));
9918 compcv = CvOUTSIDE(PL_compcv);
9919 name = PadlistNAMESARRAY(CvPADLIST(compcv))
9920 [off = PARENT_PAD_INDEX(name)];
9922 assert(!PadnameIsOUR(name));
9923 if (!PadnameIsSTATE(name)) {
9924 MAGIC * mg = mg_find(name, PERL_MAGIC_proto);
9927 cv = (CV *)mg->mg_obj;
9930 (CV *)AvARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(compcv))[1])[off];
9937 if (SvTYPE((SV*)cv) != SVt_PVCV)
9939 if (flags & RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV) {
9940 if (!CvANON(cv) || !gv)
9949 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_list|OP *entersubop
9951 Performs the default fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub>
9952 op tree. This consists of applying list context to each of the
9953 argument ops. This is the standard treatment used on a call marked
9954 with C<&>, or a method call, or a call through a subroutine reference,
9955 or any other call where the callee can't be identified at compile time,
9956 or a call where the callee has no prototype.
9962 Perl_ck_entersub_args_list(pTHX_ OP *entersubop)
9965 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_LIST;
9966 aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
9967 if (!aop->op_sibling)
9968 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
9969 for (aop = aop->op_sibling; aop->op_sibling; aop = aop->op_sibling) {
9970 if (!(PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_STUB)) {
9972 op_lvalue(aop, OP_ENTERSUB);
9979 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_proto|OP *entersubop|GV *namegv|SV *protosv
9981 Performs the fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub> op tree
9982 based on a subroutine prototype. This makes various modifications to
9983 the argument ops, from applying context up to inserting C<refgen> ops,
9984 and checking the number and syntactic types of arguments, as directed by
9985 the prototype. This is the standard treatment used on a subroutine call,
9986 not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified at compile time
9987 and has a prototype.
9989 I<protosv> supplies the subroutine prototype to be applied to the call.
9990 It may be a normal defined scalar, of which the string value will be used.
9991 Alternatively, for convenience, it may be a subroutine object (a C<CV*>
9992 that has been cast to C<SV*>) which has a prototype. The prototype
9993 supplied, in whichever form, does not need to match the actual callee
9994 referenced by the op tree.
9996 If the argument ops disagree with the prototype, for example by having
9997 an unacceptable number of arguments, a valid op tree is returned anyway.
9998 The error is reflected in the parser state, normally resulting in a single
9999 exception at the top level of parsing which covers all the compilation
10000 errors that occurred. In the error message, the callee is referred to
10001 by the name defined by the I<namegv> parameter.
10007 Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto(pTHX_ OP *entersubop, GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
10010 const char *proto, *proto_end;
10011 OP *aop, *prev, *cvop;
10014 I32 contextclass = 0;
10015 const char *e = NULL;
10016 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_PROTO;
10017 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? !SvPOK(protosv) : !SvOK(protosv))
10018 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: ck_entersub_args_proto CV with no proto, "
10019 "flags=%lx", (unsigned long) SvFLAGS(protosv));
10020 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV)
10021 proto = CvPROTO(protosv), proto_len = CvPROTOLEN(protosv);
10022 else proto = SvPV(protosv, proto_len);
10023 proto_end = proto + proto_len;
10024 aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
10025 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10026 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10028 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10029 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10030 while (aop != cvop) {
10032 if (PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_STUB) {
10033 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10036 if (PL_madskills && aop->op_type == OP_NULL)
10037 o3 = ((UNOP*)aop)->op_first;
10041 if (proto >= proto_end)
10042 return too_many_arguments_sv(entersubop, gv_ename(namegv), 0);
10050 /* _ must be at the end */
10051 if (proto[1] && !strchr(";@%", proto[1]))
10066 if (o3->op_type != OP_REFGEN && o3->op_type != OP_UNDEF)
10068 arg == 1 ? "block or sub {}" : "sub {}",
10069 gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10072 /* '*' allows any scalar type, including bareword */
10075 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
10076 goto wrapref; /* autoconvert GLOB -> GLOBref */
10077 else if (o3->op_type == OP_CONST)
10078 o3->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10079 else if (o3->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB) {
10080 /* accidental subroutine, revert to bareword */
10081 OP *gvop = ((UNOP*)o3)->op_first;
10082 if (gvop && gvop->op_type == OP_NULL) {
10083 gvop = ((UNOP*)gvop)->op_first;
10085 for (; gvop->op_sibling; gvop = gvop->op_sibling)
10088 (gvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN) &&
10089 (gvop = ((UNOP*)gvop)->op_first) &&
10090 gvop->op_type == OP_GV)
10092 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(gvop);
10093 OP * const sibling = aop->op_sibling;
10094 SV * const n = newSVpvs("");
10096 OP * const oldaop = aop;
10100 gv_fullname4(n, gv, "", FALSE);
10101 aop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, n);
10102 op_getmad(oldaop,aop,'O');
10103 prev->op_sibling = aop;
10104 aop->op_sibling = sibling;
10114 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
10115 o3->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
10116 o3->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
10117 o3->op_type == OP_PADHV
10123 case '[': case ']':
10130 switch (*proto++) {
10132 if (contextclass++ == 0) {
10133 e = strchr(proto, ']');
10134 if (!e || e == proto)
10142 if (contextclass) {
10143 const char *p = proto;
10144 const char *const end = proto;
10146 while (*--p != '[')
10147 /* \[$] accepts any scalar lvalue */
10149 && Perl_op_lvalue_flags(aTHX_
10151 OP_READ, /* not entersub */
10154 bad_type_sv(arg, Perl_form(aTHX_ "one of %.*s",
10155 (int)(end - p), p),
10156 gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10161 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
10164 bad_type_sv(arg, "symbol", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10167 if (o3->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB)
10170 bad_type_sv(arg, "subroutine entry", gv_ename(namegv), 0,
10174 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
10175 o3->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
10176 o3->op_type == OP_HELEM ||
10177 o3->op_type == OP_AELEM)
10179 if (!contextclass) {
10180 /* \$ accepts any scalar lvalue */
10181 if (Perl_op_lvalue_flags(aTHX_
10183 OP_READ, /* not entersub */
10186 bad_type_sv(arg, "scalar", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10190 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
10191 o3->op_type == OP_PADAV)
10194 bad_type_sv(arg, "array", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10197 if (o3->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
10198 o3->op_type == OP_PADHV)
10201 bad_type_sv(arg, "hash", gv_ename(namegv), 0, o3);
10205 OP* const kid = aop;
10206 OP* const sib = kid->op_sibling;
10207 kid->op_sibling = 0;
10208 aop = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, kid);
10209 aop->op_sibling = sib;
10210 prev->op_sibling = aop;
10212 if (contextclass && e) {
10217 default: goto oops;
10227 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
10228 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, namegv, NULL);
10229 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed prototype for %"SVf": %"SVf,
10230 SVfARG(tmpsv), SVfARG(protosv));
10234 op_lvalue(aop, OP_ENTERSUB);
10236 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10238 if (aop == cvop && *proto == '_') {
10239 /* generate an access to $_ */
10240 aop = newDEFSVOP();
10241 aop->op_sibling = prev->op_sibling;
10242 prev->op_sibling = aop; /* instead of cvop */
10244 if (!optional && proto_end > proto &&
10245 (*proto != '@' && *proto != '%' && *proto != ';' && *proto != '_'))
10246 return too_few_arguments_sv(entersubop, gv_ename(namegv), 0);
10251 =for apidoc Am|OP *|ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list|OP *entersubop|GV *namegv|SV *protosv
10253 Performs the fixup of the arguments part of an C<entersub> op tree either
10254 based on a subroutine prototype or using default list-context processing.
10255 This is the standard treatment used on a subroutine call, not marked
10256 with C<&>, where the callee can be identified at compile time.
10258 I<protosv> supplies the subroutine prototype to be applied to the call,
10259 or indicates that there is no prototype. It may be a normal scalar,
10260 in which case if it is defined then the string value will be used
10261 as a prototype, and if it is undefined then there is no prototype.
10262 Alternatively, for convenience, it may be a subroutine object (a C<CV*>
10263 that has been cast to C<SV*>), of which the prototype will be used if it
10264 has one. The prototype (or lack thereof) supplied, in whichever form,
10265 does not need to match the actual callee referenced by the op tree.
10267 If the argument ops disagree with the prototype, for example by having
10268 an unacceptable number of arguments, a valid op tree is returned anyway.
10269 The error is reflected in the parser state, normally resulting in a single
10270 exception at the top level of parsing which covers all the compilation
10271 errors that occurred. In the error message, the callee is referred to
10272 by the name defined by the I<namegv> parameter.
10278 Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list(pTHX_ OP *entersubop,
10279 GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
10281 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_PROTO_OR_LIST;
10282 if (SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? SvPOK(protosv) : SvOK(protosv))
10283 return ck_entersub_args_proto(entersubop, namegv, protosv);
10285 return ck_entersub_args_list(entersubop);
10289 Perl_ck_entersub_args_core(pTHX_ OP *entersubop, GV *namegv, SV *protosv)
10291 int opnum = SvTYPE(protosv) == SVt_PVCV ? 0 : (int)SvUV(protosv);
10292 OP *aop = cUNOPx(entersubop)->op_first;
10294 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_ENTERSUB_ARGS_CORE;
10298 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10299 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10300 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10301 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10302 if (PL_madskills) while (aop != cvop && aop->op_type == OP_STUB) {
10303 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10306 (void)too_many_arguments_pv(entersubop, GvNAME(namegv), 0);
10308 op_free(entersubop);
10309 switch(GvNAME(namegv)[2]) {
10310 case 'F': return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
10311 newSVpv(CopFILE(PL_curcop),0));
10312 case 'L': return newSVOP(
10314 Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
10315 "%"IVdf, (IV)CopLINE(PL_curcop)
10318 case 'P': return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
10320 ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(PL_curstash))
10331 bool seenarg = FALSE;
10333 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10334 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10337 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10338 prev->op_sibling = NULL;
10341 prev=cvop, cvop = cvop->op_sibling)
10343 if (PL_madskills && cvop->op_sibling
10344 && cvop->op_type != OP_STUB) seenarg = TRUE
10347 prev->op_sibling = NULL;
10348 flags = OPf_SPECIAL * !(cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOPAREN);
10350 if (aop == cvop) aop = NULL;
10351 op_free(entersubop);
10353 if (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL
10354 && GvNAMELEN(namegv)==9 && strnEQ(GvNAME(namegv), "evalbytes", 9))
10355 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES <<8;
10357 switch (PL_opargs[opnum] & OA_CLASS_MASK) {
10359 case OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP:
10360 case OA_FILESTATOP:
10361 return aop ? newUNOP(opnum,flags,aop) : newOP(opnum,flags);
10365 if (!PL_madskills || seenarg)
10367 (void)too_many_arguments_pv(aop, GvNAME(namegv), 0);
10370 return opnum == OP_RUNCV
10371 ? newPVOP(OP_RUNCV,0,NULL)
10374 return convert(opnum,0,aop);
10382 =for apidoc Am|void|cv_get_call_checker|CV *cv|Perl_call_checker *ckfun_p|SV **ckobj_p
10384 Retrieves the function that will be used to fix up a call to I<cv>.
10385 Specifically, the function is applied to an C<entersub> op tree for a
10386 subroutine call, not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified
10387 at compile time as I<cv>.
10389 The C-level function pointer is returned in I<*ckfun_p>, and an SV
10390 argument for it is returned in I<*ckobj_p>. The function is intended
10391 to be called in this manner:
10393 entersubop = (*ckfun_p)(aTHX_ entersubop, namegv, (*ckobj_p));
10395 In this call, I<entersubop> is a pointer to the C<entersub> op,
10396 which may be replaced by the check function, and I<namegv> is a GV
10397 supplying the name that should be used by the check function to refer
10398 to the callee of the C<entersub> op if it needs to emit any diagnostics.
10399 It is permitted to apply the check function in non-standard situations,
10400 such as to a call to a different subroutine or to a method call.
10402 By default, the function is
10403 L<Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list|/ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list>,
10404 and the SV parameter is I<cv> itself. This implements standard
10405 prototype processing. It can be changed, for a particular subroutine,
10406 by L</cv_set_call_checker>.
10412 Perl_cv_get_call_checker(pTHX_ CV *cv, Perl_call_checker *ckfun_p, SV **ckobj_p)
10415 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_GET_CALL_CHECKER;
10416 callmg = SvMAGICAL((SV*)cv) ? mg_find((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall) : NULL;
10418 *ckfun_p = DPTR2FPTR(Perl_call_checker, callmg->mg_ptr);
10419 *ckobj_p = callmg->mg_obj;
10421 *ckfun_p = Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list;
10422 *ckobj_p = (SV*)cv;
10427 =for apidoc Am|void|cv_set_call_checker|CV *cv|Perl_call_checker ckfun|SV *ckobj
10429 Sets the function that will be used to fix up a call to I<cv>.
10430 Specifically, the function is applied to an C<entersub> op tree for a
10431 subroutine call, not marked with C<&>, where the callee can be identified
10432 at compile time as I<cv>.
10434 The C-level function pointer is supplied in I<ckfun>, and an SV argument
10435 for it is supplied in I<ckobj>. The function is intended to be called
10438 entersubop = ckfun(aTHX_ entersubop, namegv, ckobj);
10440 In this call, I<entersubop> is a pointer to the C<entersub> op,
10441 which may be replaced by the check function, and I<namegv> is a GV
10442 supplying the name that should be used by the check function to refer
10443 to the callee of the C<entersub> op if it needs to emit any diagnostics.
10444 It is permitted to apply the check function in non-standard situations,
10445 such as to a call to a different subroutine or to a method call.
10447 The current setting for a particular CV can be retrieved by
10448 L</cv_get_call_checker>.
10454 Perl_cv_set_call_checker(pTHX_ CV *cv, Perl_call_checker ckfun, SV *ckobj)
10456 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CV_SET_CALL_CHECKER;
10457 if (ckfun == Perl_ck_entersub_args_proto_or_list && ckobj == (SV*)cv) {
10458 if (SvMAGICAL((SV*)cv))
10459 mg_free_type((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall);
10462 sv_magic((SV*)cv, &PL_sv_undef, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall, NULL, 0);
10463 callmg = mg_find((SV*)cv, PERL_MAGIC_checkcall);
10464 if (callmg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED) {
10465 SvREFCNT_dec(callmg->mg_obj);
10466 callmg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_REFCOUNTED;
10468 callmg->mg_ptr = FPTR2DPTR(char *, ckfun);
10469 callmg->mg_obj = ckobj;
10470 if (ckobj != (SV*)cv) {
10471 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(ckobj);
10472 callmg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
10474 callmg->mg_flags |= MGf_COPY;
10479 Perl_ck_subr(pTHX_ OP *o)
10485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SUBR;
10487 aop = cUNOPx(o)->op_first;
10488 if (!aop->op_sibling)
10489 aop = cUNOPx(aop)->op_first;
10490 aop = aop->op_sibling;
10491 for (cvop = aop; cvop->op_sibling; cvop = cvop->op_sibling) ;
10492 cv = rv2cv_op_cv(cvop, RV2CVOPCV_MARK_EARLY);
10493 namegv = cv ? (GV*)rv2cv_op_cv(cvop, RV2CVOPCV_RETURN_NAME_GV) : NULL;
10495 o->op_private &= ~1;
10496 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_HASTARG;
10497 o->op_private |= (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_REFS);
10498 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
10499 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
10500 if (cvop->op_type == OP_RV2CV) {
10501 o->op_private |= (cvop->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER);
10503 } else if (cvop->op_type == OP_METHOD || cvop->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED) {
10504 if (aop->op_type == OP_CONST)
10505 aop->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10506 else if (aop->op_type == OP_LIST) {
10507 OP * const sib = ((UNOP*)aop)->op_first->op_sibling;
10508 if (sib && sib->op_type == OP_CONST)
10509 sib->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10514 return ck_entersub_args_list(o);
10516 Perl_call_checker ckfun;
10518 cv_get_call_checker(cv, &ckfun, &ckobj);
10519 if (!namegv) { /* expletive! */
10520 /* XXX The call checker API is public. And it guarantees that
10521 a GV will be provided with the right name. So we have
10522 to create a GV. But it is still not correct, as its
10523 stringification will include the package. What we
10524 really need is a new call checker API that accepts a
10525 GV or string (or GV or CV). */
10526 HEK * const hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv);
10528 namegv = (GV *)sv_newmortal();
10529 gv_init_pvn(namegv, PL_curstash, HEK_KEY(hek), HEK_LEN(hek),
10530 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(hek));
10532 return ckfun(aTHX_ o, namegv, ckobj);
10537 Perl_ck_svconst(pTHX_ OP *o)
10539 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SVCONST;
10540 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
10541 if (!SvIsCOW(cSVOPo->op_sv)) SvREADONLY_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
10546 Perl_ck_trunc(pTHX_ OP *o)
10548 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_TRUNC;
10550 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
10551 SVOP *kid = (SVOP*)cUNOPo->op_first;
10553 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
10554 kid = (SVOP*)kid->op_sibling;
10555 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_CONST &&
10556 (kid->op_private & (OPpCONST_BARE|OPpCONST_FOLDED))
10559 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
10560 kid->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
10567 Perl_ck_substr(pTHX_ OP *o)
10569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_SUBSTR;
10572 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && (o->op_private == 4)) {
10573 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
10575 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
10576 kid = kid->op_sibling;
10578 kid->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
10585 Perl_ck_tell(pTHX_ OP *o)
10587 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_TELL;
10589 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
10590 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
10591 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling) kid = kid->op_sibling;
10592 if (kid->op_type == OP_RV2GV) kid->op_private |= OPpALLOW_FAKE;
10598 Perl_ck_each(pTHX_ OP *o)
10601 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cUNOPo->op_first : NULL;
10602 const unsigned orig_type = o->op_type;
10603 const unsigned array_type = orig_type == OP_EACH ? OP_AEACH
10604 : orig_type == OP_KEYS ? OP_AKEYS : OP_AVALUES;
10605 const unsigned ref_type = orig_type == OP_EACH ? OP_REACH
10606 : orig_type == OP_KEYS ? OP_RKEYS : OP_RVALUES;
10608 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_EACH;
10611 switch (kid->op_type) {
10617 CHANGE_TYPE(o, array_type);
10620 if (kid->op_private == OPpCONST_BARE
10621 || !SvROK(cSVOPx_sv(kid))
10622 || ( SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVAV
10623 && SvTYPE(SvRV(cSVOPx_sv(kid))) != SVt_PVHV )
10625 /* we let ck_fun handle it */
10628 CHANGE_TYPE(o, ref_type);
10632 /* if treating as a reference, defer additional checks to runtime */
10633 return o->op_type == ref_type ? o : ck_fun(o);
10637 Perl_ck_length(pTHX_ OP *o)
10639 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_LENGTH;
10643 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
10644 const OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : NULL;
10648 const bool hash = kid->op_type == OP_PADHV
10649 || kid->op_type == OP_RV2HV;
10650 switch (kid->op_type) {
10654 (GV *)PL_compcv, hash ? '%' : '@', kid->op_targ,
10660 if (cUNOPx(kid)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) break;
10662 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(kid)->op_first);
10664 name = varname(gv, hash?'%':'@', 0, NULL, 0, 1);
10671 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10672 "length() used on %"SVf" (did you mean \"scalar(%s%"SVf
10674 name, hash ? "keys " : "", name
10677 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10678 "length() used on %%hash (did you mean \"scalar(keys %%hash)\"?)");
10680 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
10681 "length() used on @array (did you mean \"scalar(@array)\"?)");
10688 /* Check for in place reverse and sort assignments like "@a = reverse @a"
10689 and modify the optree to make them work inplace */
10692 S_inplace_aassign(pTHX_ OP *o) {
10694 OP *modop, *modop_pushmark;
10696 OP *oleft, *oleft_pushmark;
10698 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INPLACE_AASSIGN;
10700 assert((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID);
10702 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
10703 modop_pushmark = cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first;
10704 assert(modop_pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10705 modop = modop_pushmark->op_sibling;
10707 if (modop->op_type != OP_SORT && modop->op_type != OP_REVERSE)
10710 /* no other operation except sort/reverse */
10711 if (modop->op_sibling)
10714 assert(cUNOPx(modop)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10715 if (!(oright = cUNOPx(modop)->op_first->op_sibling)) return;
10717 if (modop->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
10718 /* skip sort subroutine/block */
10719 assert(oright->op_type == OP_NULL);
10720 oright = oright->op_sibling;
10723 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL);
10724 oleft_pushmark = cUNOPx(cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
10725 assert(oleft_pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
10726 oleft = oleft_pushmark->op_sibling;
10728 /* Check the lhs is an array */
10730 (oleft->op_type != OP_RV2AV && oleft->op_type != OP_PADAV)
10731 || oleft->op_sibling
10732 || (oleft->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
10736 /* Only one thing on the rhs */
10737 if (oright->op_sibling)
10740 /* check the array is the same on both sides */
10741 if (oleft->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
10742 if (oright->op_type != OP_RV2AV
10743 || !cUNOPx(oright)->op_first
10744 || cUNOPx(oright)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
10745 || cUNOPx(oleft )->op_first->op_type != OP_GV
10746 || cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first) !=
10747 cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(oright)->op_first)
10751 else if (oright->op_type != OP_PADAV
10752 || oright->op_targ != oleft->op_targ
10756 /* This actually is an inplace assignment */
10758 modop->op_private |= OPpSORT_INPLACE;
10760 /* transfer MODishness etc from LHS arg to RHS arg */
10761 oright->op_flags = oleft->op_flags;
10763 /* remove the aassign op and the lhs */
10765 op_null(oleft_pushmark);
10766 if (oleft->op_type == OP_RV2AV && cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first)
10767 op_null(cUNOPx(oleft)->op_first);
10771 #define MAX_DEFERRED 4
10775 if (defer_ix == (MAX_DEFERRED-1)) { \
10776 CALL_RPEEP(defer_queue[defer_base]); \
10777 defer_base = (defer_base + 1) % MAX_DEFERRED; \
10780 defer_queue[(defer_base + ++defer_ix) % MAX_DEFERRED] = o; \
10783 /* A peephole optimizer. We visit the ops in the order they're to execute.
10784 * See the comments at the top of this file for more details about when
10785 * peep() is called */
10788 Perl_rpeep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
10792 OP* oldoldop = NULL;
10793 OP* defer_queue[MAX_DEFERRED]; /* small queue of deferred branches */
10794 int defer_base = 0;
10797 if (!o || o->op_opt)
10801 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
10802 for (;; o = o->op_next) {
10803 if (o && o->op_opt)
10806 while (defer_ix >= 0)
10807 CALL_RPEEP(defer_queue[(defer_base + defer_ix--) % MAX_DEFERRED]);
10811 /* By default, this op has now been optimised. A couple of cases below
10812 clear this again. */
10815 switch (o->op_type) {
10817 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
10820 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
10822 /* Two NEXTSTATEs in a row serve no purpose. Except if they happen
10823 to carry two labels. For now, take the easier option, and skip
10824 this optimisation if the first NEXTSTATE has a label. */
10825 if (!CopLABEL((COP*)o) && !PERLDB_NOOPT) {
10826 OP *nextop = o->op_next;
10827 while (nextop && nextop->op_type == OP_NULL)
10828 nextop = nextop->op_next;
10830 if (nextop && (nextop->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)) {
10831 COP *firstcop = (COP *)o;
10832 COP *secondcop = (COP *)nextop;
10833 /* We want the COP pointed to by o (and anything else) to
10834 become the next COP down the line. */
10835 cop_free(firstcop);
10837 firstcop->op_next = secondcop->op_next;
10839 /* Now steal all its pointers, and duplicate the other
10841 firstcop->cop_line = secondcop->cop_line;
10842 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
10843 firstcop->cop_stashoff = secondcop->cop_stashoff;
10844 firstcop->cop_file = secondcop->cop_file;
10846 firstcop->cop_stash = secondcop->cop_stash;
10847 firstcop->cop_filegv = secondcop->cop_filegv;
10849 firstcop->cop_hints = secondcop->cop_hints;
10850 firstcop->cop_seq = secondcop->cop_seq;
10851 firstcop->cop_warnings = secondcop->cop_warnings;
10852 firstcop->cop_hints_hash = secondcop->cop_hints_hash;
10854 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
10855 secondcop->cop_stashoff = 0;
10856 secondcop->cop_file = NULL;
10858 secondcop->cop_stash = NULL;
10859 secondcop->cop_filegv = NULL;
10861 secondcop->cop_warnings = NULL;
10862 secondcop->cop_hints_hash = NULL;
10864 /* If we use op_null(), and hence leave an ex-COP, some
10865 warnings are misreported. For example, the compile-time
10866 error in 'use strict; no strict refs;' */
10867 secondcop->op_type = OP_NULL;
10868 secondcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
10874 if (o->op_next && o->op_next->op_type == OP_STRINGIFY) {
10875 if (o->op_next->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
10876 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) /* chained concats */
10877 break; /* ignore_optimization */
10879 /* assert(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX); */
10880 o->op_targ = o->op_next->op_targ;
10881 o->op_next->op_targ = 0;
10882 o->op_private |= OPpTARGET_MY;
10885 op_null(o->op_next);
10889 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_LIST) {
10890 break; /* Scalar stub must produce undef. List stub is noop */
10894 if (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
10895 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)
10897 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o);
10899 /* XXX: We avoid setting op_seq here to prevent later calls
10900 to rpeep() from mistakenly concluding that optimisation
10901 has already occurred. This doesn't fix the real problem,
10902 though (See 20010220.007). AMS 20010719 */
10903 /* op_seq functionality is now replaced by op_opt */
10910 if (oldop && o->op_next) {
10911 oldop->op_next = o->op_next;
10919 /* Convert a series of PAD ops for my vars plus support into a
10920 * single padrange op. Basically
10922 * pushmark -> pad[ahs]v -> pad[ahs]?v -> ... -> (list) -> rest
10924 * becomes, depending on circumstances, one of
10926 * padrange ----------------------------------> (list) -> rest
10927 * padrange --------------------------------------------> rest
10929 * where all the pad indexes are sequential and of the same type
10931 * We convert the pushmark into a padrange op, then skip
10932 * any other pad ops, and possibly some trailing ops.
10933 * Note that we don't null() the skipped ops, to make it
10934 * easier for Deparse to undo this optimisation (and none of
10935 * the skipped ops are holding any resourses). It also makes
10936 * it easier for find_uninit_var(), as it can just ignore
10937 * padrange, and examine the original pad ops.
10941 OP *followop = NULL; /* the op that will follow the padrange op */
10944 PADOFFSET base = 0; /* init only to stop compiler whining */
10945 U8 gimme = 0; /* init only to stop compiler whining */
10946 bool defav = 0; /* seen (...) = @_ */
10947 bool reuse = 0; /* reuse an existing padrange op */
10949 /* look for a pushmark -> gv[_] -> rv2av */
10955 if ( p->op_type == OP_GV
10956 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(p))
10957 && GvNAMELEN_get(gv) == 1
10958 && *GvNAME_get(gv) == '_'
10959 && GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash
10960 && (rv2av = p->op_next)
10961 && rv2av->op_type == OP_RV2AV
10962 && !(rv2av->op_flags & OPf_REF)
10963 && !(rv2av->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpMAYBE_LVSUB))
10964 && ((rv2av->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST)
10965 && o->op_sibling == rv2av /* these two for Deparse */
10966 && cUNOPx(rv2av)->op_first == p
10968 q = rv2av->op_next;
10969 if (q->op_type == OP_NULL)
10971 if (q->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
10978 /* To allow Deparse to pessimise this, it needs to be able
10979 * to restore the pushmark's original op_next, which it
10980 * will assume to be the same as op_sibling. */
10981 if (o->op_next != o->op_sibling)
10986 /* scan for PAD ops */
10988 for (p = p->op_next; p; p = p->op_next) {
10989 if (p->op_type == OP_NULL)
10992 if (( p->op_type != OP_PADSV
10993 && p->op_type != OP_PADAV
10994 && p->op_type != OP_PADHV
10996 /* any private flag other than INTRO? e.g. STATE */
10997 || (p->op_private & ~OPpLVAL_INTRO)
11001 /* let $a[N] potentially be optimised into ALEMFAST_LEX
11003 if ( p->op_type == OP_PADAV
11005 && p->op_next->op_type == OP_CONST
11006 && p->op_next->op_next
11007 && p->op_next->op_next->op_type == OP_AELEM
11011 /* for 1st padop, note what type it is and the range
11012 * start; for the others, check that it's the same type
11013 * and that the targs are contiguous */
11015 intro = (p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO);
11017 gimme = (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT);
11020 if ((p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) != intro)
11022 /* Note that you'd normally expect targs to be
11023 * contiguous in my($a,$b,$c), but that's not the case
11024 * when external modules start doing things, e.g.
11025 i* Function::Parameters */
11026 if (p->op_targ != base + count)
11028 assert(p->op_targ == base + count);
11029 /* all the padops should be in the same context */
11030 if (gimme != (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT))
11034 /* for AV, HV, only when we're not flattening */
11035 if ( p->op_type != OP_PADSV
11036 && gimme != OPf_WANT_VOID
11037 && !(p->op_flags & OPf_REF)
11041 if (count >= OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK)
11044 /* there's a biggest base we can fit into a
11045 * SAVEt_CLEARPADRANGE in pp_padrange */
11046 if (intro && base >
11047 (UV_MAX >> (OPpPADRANGE_COUNTSHIFT+SAVE_TIGHT_SHIFT)))
11050 /* Success! We've got another valid pad op to optimise away */
11052 followop = p->op_next;
11058 /* pp_padrange in specifically compile-time void context
11059 * skips pushing a mark and lexicals; in all other contexts
11060 * (including unknown till runtime) it pushes a mark and the
11061 * lexicals. We must be very careful then, that the ops we
11062 * optimise away would have exactly the same effect as the
11064 * In particular in void context, we can only optimise to
11065 * a padrange if see see the complete sequence
11066 * pushmark, pad*v, ...., list, nextstate
11067 * which has the net effect of of leaving the stack empty
11068 * (for now we leave the nextstate in the execution chain, for
11069 * its other side-effects).
11072 if (gimme == OPf_WANT_VOID) {
11073 if (followop->op_type == OP_LIST
11074 && gimme == (followop->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
11075 && ( followop->op_next->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11076 || followop->op_next->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
11078 followop = followop->op_next; /* skip OP_LIST */
11080 /* consolidate two successive my(...);'s */
11083 && oldoldop->op_type == OP_PADRANGE
11084 && (oldoldop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11085 && (oldoldop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) == intro
11086 && !(oldoldop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
11089 assert(oldoldop->op_next == oldop);
11090 assert( oldop->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11091 || oldop->op_type == OP_DBSTATE);
11092 assert(oldop->op_next == o);
11095 = (oldoldop->op_private & OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK);
11096 assert(oldoldop->op_targ + old_count == base);
11098 if (old_count < OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK - count) {
11099 base = oldoldop->op_targ;
11100 count += old_count;
11105 /* if there's any immediately following singleton
11106 * my var's; then swallow them and the associated
11108 * my ($a,$b); my $c; my $d;
11110 * my ($a,$b,$c,$d);
11113 while ( ((p = followop->op_next))
11114 && ( p->op_type == OP_PADSV
11115 || p->op_type == OP_PADAV
11116 || p->op_type == OP_PADHV)
11117 && (p->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11118 && (p->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) == intro
11120 && ( p->op_next->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
11121 || p->op_next->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
11122 && count < OPpPADRANGE_COUNTMASK
11124 assert(base + count == p->op_targ);
11126 followop = p->op_next;
11134 assert(oldoldop->op_type == OP_PADRANGE);
11135 oldoldop->op_next = followop;
11136 oldoldop->op_private = (intro | count);
11142 /* Convert the pushmark into a padrange.
11143 * To make Deparse easier, we guarantee that a padrange was
11144 * *always* formerly a pushmark */
11145 assert(o->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
11146 o->op_next = followop;
11147 o->op_type = OP_PADRANGE;
11148 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PADRANGE];
11150 /* bit 7: INTRO; bit 6..0: count */
11151 o->op_private = (intro | count);
11152 o->op_flags = ((o->op_flags & ~(OPf_WANT|OPf_SPECIAL))
11153 | gimme | (defav ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0));
11160 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_next->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
11161 OP* const pop = (o->op_type == OP_PADAV) ?
11162 o->op_next : o->op_next->op_next;
11164 if (pop && pop->op_type == OP_CONST &&
11165 ((PL_op = pop->op_next)) &&
11166 pop->op_next->op_type == OP_AELEM &&
11167 !(pop->op_next->op_private &
11168 (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpLVAL_DEFER|OPpDEREF|OPpMAYBE_LVSUB)) &&
11169 (i = SvIV(((SVOP*)pop)->op_sv)) <= 255 && i >= 0)
11172 if (cSVOPx(pop)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
11173 no_bareword_allowed(pop);
11174 if (o->op_type == OP_GV)
11175 op_null(o->op_next);
11176 op_null(pop->op_next);
11178 o->op_flags |= pop->op_next->op_flags & OPf_MOD;
11179 o->op_next = pop->op_next->op_next;
11180 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AELEMFAST];
11181 o->op_private = (U8)i;
11182 if (o->op_type == OP_GV) {
11185 o->op_type = OP_AELEMFAST;
11188 o->op_type = OP_AELEMFAST_LEX;
11193 if (o->op_next->op_type == OP_RV2SV) {
11194 if (!(o->op_next->op_private & OPpDEREF)) {
11195 op_null(o->op_next);
11196 o->op_private |= o->op_next->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO
11198 o->op_next = o->op_next->op_next;
11199 o->op_type = OP_GVSV;
11200 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_GVSV];
11203 else if (o->op_next->op_type == OP_READLINE
11204 && o->op_next->op_next->op_type == OP_CONCAT
11205 && (o->op_next->op_next->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
11207 /* Turn "$a .= <FH>" into an OP_RCATLINE. AMS 20010917 */
11208 o->op_type = OP_RCATLINE;
11209 o->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
11210 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RCATLINE];
11211 op_null(o->op_next->op_next);
11212 op_null(o->op_next);
11221 #define HV_OR_SCALARHV(op) \
11222 ( (op)->op_type == OP_PADHV || (op)->op_type == OP_RV2HV \
11224 : (op)->op_type == OP_SCALAR && (op)->op_flags & OPf_KIDS \
11225 && ( cUNOPx(op)->op_first->op_type == OP_PADHV \
11226 || cUNOPx(op)->op_first->op_type == OP_RV2HV) \
11227 ? cUNOPx(op)->op_first \
11231 if ((fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(cUNOP->op_first)))
11232 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11238 fop = cLOGOP->op_first;
11239 sop = fop->op_sibling;
11240 while (cLOGOP->op_other->op_type == OP_NULL)
11241 cLOGOP->op_other = cLOGOP->op_other->op_next;
11242 while (o->op_next && ( o->op_type == o->op_next->op_type
11243 || o->op_next->op_type == OP_NULL))
11244 o->op_next = o->op_next->op_next;
11245 DEFER(cLOGOP->op_other);
11248 fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(fop);
11249 if (sop) sop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(sop);
11254 if (!((nop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID)) {
11255 while (nop && nop->op_next) {
11256 switch (nop->op_next->op_type) {
11261 lop = nop = nop->op_next;
11264 nop = nop->op_next;
11273 if ( (lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11274 || o->op_type == OP_AND )
11275 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11276 else if (!(lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT))
11277 fop->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_TRUEBOOL;
11279 if ( (lop->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_VOID
11281 sop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11288 if ((fop = HV_OR_SCALARHV(cLOGOP->op_first)))
11289 fop->op_private |= OPpTRUEBOOL;
11290 #undef HV_OR_SCALARHV
11301 while (cLOGOP->op_other->op_type == OP_NULL)
11302 cLOGOP->op_other = cLOGOP->op_other->op_next;
11303 DEFER(cLOGOP->op_other);
11308 while (cLOOP->op_redoop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11309 cLOOP->op_redoop = cLOOP->op_redoop->op_next;
11310 while (cLOOP->op_nextop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11311 cLOOP->op_nextop = cLOOP->op_nextop->op_next;
11312 while (cLOOP->op_lastop->op_type == OP_NULL)
11313 cLOOP->op_lastop = cLOOP->op_lastop->op_next;
11314 /* a while(1) loop doesn't have an op_next that escapes the
11315 * loop, so we have to explicitly follow the op_lastop to
11316 * process the rest of the code */
11317 DEFER(cLOOP->op_lastop);
11321 assert(!(cPMOP->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
11322 while (cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart &&
11323 cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart->op_type == OP_NULL)
11324 cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart
11325 = cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart->op_next;
11326 DEFER(cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart);
11332 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
11334 cUNOPx(cLISTOP->op_first->op_sibling)->op_first;
11335 if (kid->op_type == OP_SCOPE
11336 || (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_LEAVE))
11337 DEFER(kLISTOP->op_first);
11340 /* check that RHS of sort is a single plain array */
11341 oright = cUNOPo->op_first;
11342 if (!oright || oright->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11345 if (o->op_private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)
11348 /* reverse sort ... can be optimised. */
11349 if (!cUNOPo->op_sibling) {
11350 /* Nothing follows us on the list. */
11351 OP * const reverse = o->op_next;
11353 if (reverse->op_type == OP_REVERSE &&
11354 (reverse->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST) {
11355 OP * const pushmark = cUNOPx(reverse)->op_first;
11356 if (pushmark && (pushmark->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
11357 && (cUNOPx(pushmark)->op_sibling == o)) {
11358 /* reverse -> pushmark -> sort */
11359 o->op_private |= OPpSORT_REVERSE;
11361 pushmark->op_next = oright->op_next;
11371 OP *ourmark, *theirmark, *ourlast, *iter, *expushmark, *rv2av;
11373 LISTOP *enter, *exlist;
11375 if (o->op_private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)
11378 enter = (LISTOP *) o->op_next;
11381 if (enter->op_type == OP_NULL) {
11382 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11386 /* for $a (...) will have OP_GV then OP_RV2GV here.
11387 for (...) just has an OP_GV. */
11388 if (enter->op_type == OP_GV) {
11389 gvop = (OP *) enter;
11390 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11393 if (enter->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
11394 enter = (LISTOP *) enter->op_next;
11400 if (enter->op_type != OP_ENTERITER)
11403 iter = enter->op_next;
11404 if (!iter || iter->op_type != OP_ITER)
11407 expushmark = enter->op_first;
11408 if (!expushmark || expushmark->op_type != OP_NULL
11409 || expushmark->op_targ != OP_PUSHMARK)
11412 exlist = (LISTOP *) expushmark->op_sibling;
11413 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
11414 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
11417 if (exlist->op_last != o) {
11418 /* Mmm. Was expecting to point back to this op. */
11421 theirmark = exlist->op_first;
11422 if (!theirmark || theirmark->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11425 if (theirmark->op_sibling != o) {
11426 /* There's something between the mark and the reverse, eg
11427 for (1, reverse (...))
11432 ourmark = ((LISTOP *)o)->op_first;
11433 if (!ourmark || ourmark->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
11436 ourlast = ((LISTOP *)o)->op_last;
11437 if (!ourlast || ourlast->op_next != o)
11440 rv2av = ourmark->op_sibling;
11441 if (rv2av && rv2av->op_type == OP_RV2AV && rv2av->op_sibling == 0
11442 && rv2av->op_flags == (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_KIDS)
11443 && enter->op_flags == (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_KIDS)) {
11444 /* We're just reversing a single array. */
11445 rv2av->op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_KIDS | OPf_REF;
11446 enter->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
11449 /* We don't have control over who points to theirmark, so sacrifice
11451 theirmark->op_next = ourmark->op_next;
11452 theirmark->op_flags = ourmark->op_flags;
11453 ourlast->op_next = gvop ? gvop : (OP *) enter;
11456 enter->op_private |= OPpITER_REVERSED;
11457 iter->op_private |= OPpITER_REVERSED;
11464 if (!(cPMOP->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE)) {
11465 assert (!cPMOP->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart);
11470 if (!(o->op_private & OPpOFFBYONE) && !CvCLONE(PL_compcv)) {
11472 if (CvEVAL(PL_compcv)) sv = &PL_sv_undef;
11474 sv = newRV((SV *)PL_compcv);
11478 o->op_type = OP_CONST;
11479 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_CONST];
11480 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
11481 cSVOPo->op_sv = sv;
11486 if (OP_GIMME(o,0) == G_VOID) {
11487 OP *right = cBINOP->op_first;
11489 OP *left = right->op_sibling;
11490 if (left->op_type == OP_SUBSTR
11491 && (left->op_private & 7) < 4) {
11493 cBINOP->op_first = left;
11494 right->op_sibling =
11495 cBINOPx(left)->op_first->op_sibling;
11496 cBINOPx(left)->op_first->op_sibling = right;
11497 left->op_private |= OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST;
11499 (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
11506 Perl_cpeep_t cpeep =
11507 XopENTRY(Perl_custom_op_xop(aTHX_ o), xop_peep);
11509 cpeep(aTHX_ o, oldop);
11521 Perl_peep(pTHX_ register OP *o)
11527 =head1 Custom Operators
11529 =for apidoc Ao||custom_op_xop
11530 Return the XOP structure for a given custom op. This function should be
11531 considered internal to OP_NAME and the other access macros: use them instead.
11537 Perl_custom_op_xop(pTHX_ const OP *o)
11543 static const XOP xop_null = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
11545 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CUSTOM_OP_XOP;
11546 assert(o->op_type == OP_CUSTOM);
11548 /* This is wrong. It assumes a function pointer can be cast to IV,
11549 * which isn't guaranteed, but this is what the old custom OP code
11550 * did. In principle it should be safer to Copy the bytes of the
11551 * pointer into a PV: since the new interface is hidden behind
11552 * functions, this can be changed later if necessary. */
11553 /* Change custom_op_xop if this ever happens */
11554 keysv = sv_2mortal(newSViv(PTR2IV(o->op_ppaddr)));
11557 he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_ops, keysv, 0, 0);
11559 /* assume noone will have just registered a desc */
11560 if (!he && PL_custom_op_names &&
11561 (he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_op_names, keysv, 0, 0))
11566 /* XXX does all this need to be shared mem? */
11567 Newxz(xop, 1, XOP);
11568 pv = SvPV(HeVAL(he), l);
11569 XopENTRY_set(xop, xop_name, savepvn(pv, l));
11570 if (PL_custom_op_descs &&
11571 (he = hv_fetch_ent(PL_custom_op_descs, keysv, 0, 0))
11573 pv = SvPV(HeVAL(he), l);
11574 XopENTRY_set(xop, xop_desc, savepvn(pv, l));
11576 Perl_custom_op_register(aTHX_ o->op_ppaddr, xop);
11580 if (!he) return &xop_null;
11582 xop = INT2PTR(XOP *, SvIV(HeVAL(he)));
11587 =for apidoc Ao||custom_op_register
11588 Register a custom op. See L<perlguts/"Custom Operators">.
11594 Perl_custom_op_register(pTHX_ Perl_ppaddr_t ppaddr, const XOP *xop)
11598 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CUSTOM_OP_REGISTER;
11600 /* see the comment in custom_op_xop */
11601 keysv = sv_2mortal(newSViv(PTR2IV(ppaddr)));
11603 if (!PL_custom_ops)
11604 PL_custom_ops = newHV();
11606 if (!hv_store_ent(PL_custom_ops, keysv, newSViv(PTR2IV(xop)), 0))
11607 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: can't register custom OP %s", xop->xop_name);
11611 =head1 Functions in file op.c
11613 =for apidoc core_prototype
11614 This function assigns the prototype of the named core function to C<sv>, or
11615 to a new mortal SV if C<sv> is NULL. It returns the modified C<sv>, or
11616 NULL if the core function has no prototype. C<code> is a code as returned
11617 by C<keyword()>. It must not be equal to 0 or -KEY_CORE.
11623 Perl_core_prototype(pTHX_ SV *sv, const char *name, const int code,
11626 int i = 0, n = 0, seen_question = 0, defgv = 0;
11628 #define MAX_ARGS_OP ((sizeof(I32) - 1) * 2)
11629 char str[ MAX_ARGS_OP * 2 + 2 ]; /* One ';', one '\0' */
11630 bool nullret = FALSE;
11632 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CORE_PROTOTYPE;
11634 assert (code && code != -KEY_CORE);
11636 if (!sv) sv = sv_newmortal();
11638 #define retsetpvs(x,y) sv_setpvs(sv, x); if(opnum) *opnum=(y); return sv
11640 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
11641 case KEY_and : case KEY_chop: case KEY_chomp:
11642 case KEY_cmp : case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete: case KEY_exec :
11643 case KEY_exists: case KEY_eq : case KEY_ge : case KEY_goto :
11644 case KEY_grep : case KEY_gt : case KEY_last : case KEY_le :
11645 case KEY_lt : case KEY_map : case KEY_ne : case KEY_next :
11646 case KEY_or : case KEY_print : case KEY_printf: case KEY_qr :
11647 case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return: case KEY_say :
11648 case KEY_select: case KEY_sort : case KEY_split : case KEY_system:
11649 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor :
11650 if (!opnum) return NULL; nullret = TRUE; goto findopnum;
11651 case KEY_glob: retsetpvs("_;", OP_GLOB);
11652 case KEY_keys: retsetpvs("+", OP_KEYS);
11653 case KEY_values: retsetpvs("+", OP_VALUES);
11654 case KEY_each: retsetpvs("+", OP_EACH);
11655 case KEY_push: retsetpvs("+@", OP_PUSH);
11656 case KEY_unshift: retsetpvs("+@", OP_UNSHIFT);
11657 case KEY_pop: retsetpvs(";+", OP_POP);
11658 case KEY_shift: retsetpvs(";+", OP_SHIFT);
11659 case KEY_pos: retsetpvs(";\\[$*]", OP_POS);
11661 retsetpvs("+;$$@", OP_SPLICE);
11662 case KEY___FILE__: case KEY___LINE__: case KEY___PACKAGE__:
11664 case KEY_evalbytes:
11665 name = "entereval"; break;
11673 while (i < MAXO) { /* The slow way. */
11674 if (strEQ(name, PL_op_name[i])
11675 || strEQ(name, PL_op_desc[i]))
11677 if (nullret) { assert(opnum); *opnum = i; return NULL; }
11684 defgv = PL_opargs[i] & OA_DEFGV;
11685 oa = PL_opargs[i] >> OASHIFT;
11687 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && !seen_question && (
11688 !defgv || (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) == OA_FILEREF
11693 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) >= OA_AVREF
11694 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) <= OA_SCALARREF
11695 /* But globs are already references (kinda) */
11696 && (oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) != OA_FILEREF
11700 if ((oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)) == OA_SCALARREF
11701 && !scalar_mod_type(NULL, i)) {
11706 if (i == OP_LOCK || i == OP_UNDEF) str[n++] = '&';
11710 else str[n++] = ("?$@@%&*$")[oa & (OA_OPTIONAL - 1)];
11711 if (oa & OA_OPTIONAL && defgv && str[n-1] == '$') {
11712 str[n-1] = '_'; defgv = 0;
11716 if (code == -KEY_not || code == -KEY_getprotobynumber) str[n++] = ';';
11718 sv_setpvn(sv, str, n - 1);
11719 if (opnum) *opnum = i;
11724 Perl_coresub_op(pTHX_ SV * const coreargssv, const int code,
11727 OP * const argop = newSVOP(OP_COREARGS,0,coreargssv);
11730 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CORESUB_OP;
11734 return op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
11737 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(-code % 3)),
11741 case OP_SELECT: /* which represents OP_SSELECT as well */
11746 newAVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv)),
11747 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVuv(1))
11749 coresub_op(newSVuv((UV)OP_SSELECT), 0,
11751 coresub_op(coreargssv, 0, OP_SELECT)
11755 switch (PL_opargs[opnum] & OA_CLASS_MASK) {
11757 return op_append_elem(
11760 opnum == OP_WANTARRAY || opnum == OP_RUNCV
11761 ? OPpOFFBYONE << 8 : 0)
11763 case OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP:
11764 if (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL) {
11765 o = newUNOP(OP_ENTEREVAL,OPpEVAL_COPHH<<8,argop);
11766 if (code == -KEY_evalbytes) o->op_private |= OPpEVAL_BYTES;
11768 else o = newUNOP(opnum,0,argop);
11769 if (opnum == OP_CALLER) o->op_private |= OPpOFFBYONE;
11772 if (is_handle_constructor(o, 1))
11773 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_DEREF1;
11774 if (scalar_mod_type(NULL, opnum))
11775 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_SCALARMOD;
11779 o = convert(opnum,OPf_SPECIAL*(opnum == OP_GLOB),argop);
11780 if (is_handle_constructor(o, 2))
11781 argop->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_DEREF2;
11782 if (opnum == OP_SUBSTR) {
11783 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
11792 Perl_report_redefined_cv(pTHX_ const SV *name, const CV *old_cv,
11793 SV * const *new_const_svp)
11795 const char *hvname;
11796 bool is_const = !!CvCONST(old_cv);
11797 SV *old_const_sv = is_const ? cv_const_sv(old_cv) : NULL;
11799 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REPORT_REDEFINED_CV;
11801 if (is_const && new_const_svp && old_const_sv == *new_const_svp)
11803 /* They are 2 constant subroutines generated from
11804 the same constant. This probably means that
11805 they are really the "same" proxy subroutine
11806 instantiated in 2 places. Most likely this is
11807 when a constant is exported twice. Don't warn.
11810 (ckWARN(WARN_REDEFINE)
11812 CvGV(old_cv) && GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))
11813 && HvNAMELEN(GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))) == 7
11814 && (hvname = HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(old_cv))),
11815 strEQ(hvname, "autouse"))
11819 && ckWARN_d(WARN_REDEFINE)
11820 && (!new_const_svp || sv_cmp(old_const_sv, *new_const_svp))
11823 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REDEFINE),
11825 ? "Constant subroutine %"SVf" redefined"
11826 : "Subroutine %"SVf" redefined",
11831 =head1 Hook manipulation
11833 These functions provide convenient and thread-safe means of manipulating
11840 =for apidoc Am|void|wrap_op_checker|Optype opcode|Perl_check_t new_checker|Perl_check_t *old_checker_p
11842 Puts a C function into the chain of check functions for a specified op
11843 type. This is the preferred way to manipulate the L</PL_check> array.
11844 I<opcode> specifies which type of op is to be affected. I<new_checker>
11845 is a pointer to the C function that is to be added to that opcode's
11846 check chain, and I<old_checker_p> points to the storage location where a
11847 pointer to the next function in the chain will be stored. The value of
11848 I<new_pointer> is written into the L</PL_check> array, while the value
11849 previously stored there is written to I<*old_checker_p>.
11851 L</PL_check> is global to an entire process, and a module wishing to
11852 hook op checking may find itself invoked more than once per process,
11853 typically in different threads. To handle that situation, this function
11854 is idempotent. The location I<*old_checker_p> must initially (once
11855 per process) contain a null pointer. A C variable of static duration
11856 (declared at file scope, typically also marked C<static> to give
11857 it internal linkage) will be implicitly initialised appropriately,
11858 if it does not have an explicit initialiser. This function will only
11859 actually modify the check chain if it finds I<*old_checker_p> to be null.
11860 This function is also thread safe on the small scale. It uses appropriate
11861 locking to avoid race conditions in accessing L</PL_check>.
11863 When this function is called, the function referenced by I<new_checker>
11864 must be ready to be called, except for I<*old_checker_p> being unfilled.
11865 In a threading situation, I<new_checker> may be called immediately,
11866 even before this function has returned. I<*old_checker_p> will always
11867 be appropriately set before I<new_checker> is called. If I<new_checker>
11868 decides not to do anything special with an op that it is given (which
11869 is the usual case for most uses of op check hooking), it must chain the
11870 check function referenced by I<*old_checker_p>.
11872 If you want to influence compilation of calls to a specific subroutine,
11873 then use L</cv_set_call_checker> rather than hooking checking of all
11880 Perl_wrap_op_checker(pTHX_ Optype opcode,
11881 Perl_check_t new_checker, Perl_check_t *old_checker_p)
11885 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WRAP_OP_CHECKER;
11886 if (*old_checker_p) return;
11887 OP_CHECK_MUTEX_LOCK;
11888 if (!*old_checker_p) {
11889 *old_checker_p = PL_check[opcode];
11890 PL_check[opcode] = new_checker;
11892 OP_CHECK_MUTEX_UNLOCK;
11897 /* Efficient sub that returns a constant scalar value. */
11899 const_sv_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
11903 SV *const sv = MUTABLE_SV(XSANY.any_ptr);
11907 /* diag_listed_as: SKIPME */
11908 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "usage: %s::%s()",
11909 HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), GvNAME(CvGV(cv)));
11922 * c-indentation-style: bsd
11923 * c-basic-offset: 4
11924 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
11927 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: