2 # Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Stephen McCamant.
4 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
5 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
7 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
8 # but essentially none of his code remains.
12 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
13 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
14 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD
15 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
16 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
17 OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
19 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
21 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
22 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED);
25 use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
30 # List version-specific constants here.
31 # Easiest way to keep this code portable between version looks to
32 # be to fake up a dummy constant that will never actually be true.
33 foreach (qw(OPpSORT_INPLACE OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED OPpCONST_NOVER
34 OPpPAD_STATE PMf_SKIPWHITE RXf_SKIPWHITE
35 RXf_PMf_CHARSET RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY
36 CVf_LOCKED OPpREVERSE_INPLACE OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST
37 PMf_NONDESTRUCT OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEVAL_BYTES)) {
40 *{$_} = sub () {0} unless *{$_}{CODE};
44 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
45 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
46 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
47 # - handle empty programs gracefully
48 # - handle infinite loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
49 # - differentiate between 'for my $x ...' and 'my $x; for $x ...'
50 # - various minor cleanups
51 # - moved globals into an object
52 # - added '-u', like B::C
53 # - package declarations using cop_stash
54 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
55 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
56 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
57 # - added documentation
58 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
59 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
60 # - added '-p' and '-s' output style options
61 # - various other minor fixes
62 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
63 # - added support for new 'for (1..100)' optimization,
65 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
66 # - added support for new qr// construct
67 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
68 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
69 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
70 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
71 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
72 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in 'for (@ary)'
73 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
74 # - tweaked list paren elimination in 'my($x) = @_'
75 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
76 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
77 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
78 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
79 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as '*{*GV}' instead of illegal '**GV'
80 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
81 # - added -l '#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
82 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
83 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
84 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
85 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
86 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
87 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
88 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
89 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
90 # - various minor cleanups
92 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
93 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
94 # - fixed '0' statements that weren't being printed
95 # - added methods for use from other programs
96 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
97 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
98 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
99 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
100 # Changes after 0.58:
101 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
102 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
103 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
104 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
105 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
106 # - elided arrows before '()' subscripts when possible
107 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
108 # - support for method attributes was added
109 # - some warnings fixed
110 # - separate recognition of constant subs
111 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recognizing for loops
112 # - added more control of expanding control structures
113 # Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
115 # - support for pragmas and 'use'
116 # - support for the little-used $[ variable
117 # - support for __DATA__ sections
119 # - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
120 # - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
121 # - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
122 # output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
123 # - our() declarations
124 # - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
125 # - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
126 # Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
129 # - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
130 # Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
131 # - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
132 # - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
133 # - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
135 # - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
139 # Changes between 0.72 and 0.73
140 # - support new switch constructs
143 # (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
145 # - finish tr/// changes
146 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
147 # - left/right context
148 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
149 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
150 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
151 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
152 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
153 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
154 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
155 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
156 # - handle 'my $x if 0'?
157 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
158 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
161 # Current test.deparse failures
162 # comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
163 # run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
164 # perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
165 # op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
166 # 'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
167 # op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
168 # 'my $x : shared = 5'
169 # op/override 7 - parens on overridden require change v-string interpretation
170 # 'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
171 # c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
172 # op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
173 # 'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
174 # op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
176 # op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
177 # op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
178 # op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
180 # ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
181 # ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
182 # ext/DB_file/several
184 # ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
185 # ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
186 # ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
187 # ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
188 # ext/Socket/Socket 8
189 # ext/Storable/t/croak compile
190 # lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
191 # lib/bignum/ several
195 # lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
196 # lib/File/DosGlob compile
197 # lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
198 # lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
199 # lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
200 # lib/overload compile
201 # lib/Switch/ several
203 # lib/Test/Simple several
205 # lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
208 # Object fields (were globals):
211 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
212 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
213 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
214 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
215 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
219 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
222 # Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are
223 # names prefixed with "m" or "o" (representing my/our), and
224 # each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
225 # in which a var of that name is valid.
228 # COP for statement being deparsed
231 # name of the current package for deparsed code
234 # array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
238 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
240 # subs_done, forms_done:
241 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
242 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
245 # keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
246 # That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments. It also means we
247 # need to put CORE:: on core functions of the same name.
250 # Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
253 # True when deparsing the replacement part of a substitution.
258 # cuddle: ' ' or '\n', depending on -sC
263 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
266 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
267 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
268 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
269 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
270 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
271 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
272 # associativity ('($x + $y) + $z' => '$x + $y + $y') and related
273 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
274 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
275 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
276 # the parens off the listop.
279 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
280 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
284 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
289 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
290 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
291 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
298 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
300 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
304 # 1 statement modifiers
305 # 0.5 statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
309 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
310 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
311 # \n - newline and indent
312 # \t - increase indent
313 # \b - decrease indent ('outdent')
314 # \f - flush left (no indent)
315 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
319 BEGIN { for (qw[ const stringify rv2sv list glob pushmark null]) {
320 eval "sub OP_\U$_ () { " . opnumber($_) . "}"
323 # _pessimise_walk(): recursively walk the optree of a sub,
324 # possibly undoing optimisations along the way.
326 sub _pessimise_walk {
327 my ($self, $startop) = @_;
329 return unless $$startop;
331 for ($op = $startop; $$op; $prevop = $op, $op = $op->sibling) {
332 my $ppname = $op->name;
334 # pessimisations start here
336 if ($ppname eq "padrange") {
338 # the original optimisation either (1) changed this:
339 # pushmark -> (various pad and list and null ops) -> the_rest
340 # or (2), for the = @_ case, changed this:
341 # pushmark -> gv[_] -> rv2av -> (pad stuff) -> the_rest
343 # padrange ----------------------------------------> the_rest
344 # so we just need to convert the padrange back into a
345 # pushmark, and in case (1), set its op_next to op_sibling,
346 # which is the head of the original chain of optimised-away
347 # pad ops, or for (2), set it to sibling->first, which is
348 # the original gv[_].
350 $B::overlay->{$$op} = {
353 private => ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO),
354 next => ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
355 ? $op->sibling->first
360 # pessimisations end here
362 if (class($op) eq 'PMOP'
363 && ref($op->pmreplroot)
364 && ${$op->pmreplroot}
365 && $op->pmreplroot->isa( 'B::OP' ))
367 $self-> _pessimise_walk($op->pmreplroot);
370 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
371 $self-> _pessimise_walk($op->first);
378 # _pessimise_walk_exe(): recursively walk the op_next chain of a sub,
379 # possibly undoing optimisations along the way.
381 sub _pessimise_walk_exe {
382 my ($self, $startop, $visited) = @_;
384 return unless $$startop;
385 return if $visited->{$$startop};
387 for ($op = $startop; $$op; $prevop = $op, $op = $op->next) {
388 last if $visited->{$$op};
389 $visited->{$$op} = 1;
390 my $ppname = $op->name;
392 /^((and|d?or)(assign)?|(map|grep)while|range|cond_expr|once)$/
393 # entertry is also a logop, but its op_other invariably points
394 # into the same chain as the main execution path, so we skip it
396 $self->_pessimise_walk_exe($op->other, $visited);
398 elsif ($ppname eq "subst") {
399 $self->_pessimise_walk_exe($op->pmreplstart, $visited);
401 elsif ($ppname =~ /^(enter(loop|iter))$/) {
402 # redoop and nextop will already be covered by the main block
404 $self->_pessimise_walk_exe($op->lastop, $visited);
407 # pessimisations start here
411 # Go through an optree and "remove" some optimisations by using an
412 # overlay to selectively modify or un-null some ops. Deparsing in the
413 # absence of those optimisations is then easier.
415 # Note that older optimisations are not removed, as Deparse was already
416 # written to recognise them before the pessimise/overlay system was added.
419 my ($self, $root, $start) = @_;
421 # walk tree in root-to-branch order
422 $self->_pessimise_walk($root);
425 # walk tree in execution order
426 $self->_pessimise_walk_exe($start, \%visited);
432 return class($op) eq "NULL";
437 my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
438 return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
440 if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
441 $seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
442 } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
443 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
447 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
448 unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
449 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
455 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
458 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
460 return "format $name =\n"
461 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
463 $self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
464 if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
465 my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
466 if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
467 return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
472 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
473 my $line = $gv->LINE;
474 my $file = $gv->FILE;
475 $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
478 if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
479 my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
480 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
481 $p = "package $stash;\n";
482 $name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
483 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
485 $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E::(?!\z|.*::)//;
487 return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
491 # Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
493 my ($self, $cv) = @_;
494 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
495 local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
496 local $B::overlay = {};
497 $self->pessimise($root, $cv->START);
499 #B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
500 my $lineseq = $root->first;
501 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
503 my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
504 return if $req_op->name ne "require";
507 if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
508 # Actually it should always be a bareword
509 $module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
510 $module =~ s[/][::]g;
514 $module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
518 my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
519 return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
520 if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
521 # We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
522 my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
524 return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
525 $constop = $constop->sibling;
526 $version = $self->const_sv($constop);
527 if (class($version) eq "IV") {
528 $version = $version->int_value;
529 } elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
530 $version = $version->NV;
531 } elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
532 # Includes PVIV and PVNV
533 $version = $version->PV;
535 # version specified as a v-string
536 $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
538 $constop = $constop->sibling;
539 return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
540 return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
543 $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
544 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
545 my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
546 if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
547 return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
548 return "use $module ();\n";
550 return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
552 # See if there are import arguments
555 my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
556 return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
558 # Pull out the arguments
559 for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
560 $svop = $svop->sibling) {
561 $args .= ", " if length($args);
562 $args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
566 my $method_named = $svop;
567 return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
568 my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
570 if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
574 # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
575 # so we ignore them here
576 if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
577 || $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings'
578 || $module eq 'feature') {
582 if (defined $version && length $args) {
583 return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
584 } elsif (defined $version) {
585 return "$use $module $version;\n";
586 } elsif (length $args) {
587 return "$use $module ($args);\n";
589 return "$use $module;\n";
594 my ($self, $pack, $seen) = @_;
596 if (!defined $pack) {
601 $pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
603 $stash = \%{"main::$pack"};
607 $INC{"overload.pm"} ? overload::StrVal($stash) : $stash
609 my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
610 while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
611 my $class = class($val);
612 if ($class eq "PV") {
613 # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
614 # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
615 # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
616 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
617 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
618 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
620 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
622 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
623 } elsif ($class eq "IV" && !($val->FLAGS & SVf_ROK)) {
624 # Just a name. As above.
625 # But skip proxy constant subroutines, as some form of perl-space
626 # visible code must have created them, be it a use statement, or
627 # some direct symbol-table manipulation code that we will Deparse
628 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
629 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
630 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
632 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
634 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
635 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
636 if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
637 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
638 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
641 if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
642 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
643 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
646 if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
647 $self->stash_subs($pack . $key, $seen);
657 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
658 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
659 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
661 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
669 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
671 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
672 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
673 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
674 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
675 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
676 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
677 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
678 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
679 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
680 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
681 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
688 my $self = bless {}, $class;
689 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
690 $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
691 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
692 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
693 $self->{'expand'} = 0;
694 $self->{'files'} = {};
695 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
696 $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
697 $self->{'parens'} = 0;
698 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
699 $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
700 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
701 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
703 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
704 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
705 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
706 $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = undef;
709 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
711 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
712 require Data::Dumper;
713 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
714 $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
715 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
716 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
717 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
718 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
719 } elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
720 $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
721 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
722 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
723 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
724 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
725 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
726 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
733 # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
736 $WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
743 # Initialise the contextual information, either from
744 # defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
745 # or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
749 $self->{'arybase'} = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
750 $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
751 ? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
753 $self->{'hints'} = $self->{'ambient_hints'};
754 $self->{'hints'} &= 0xFF if $] < 5.009;
755 $self->{'hinthash'} = $self->{'ambient_hinthash'};
757 # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
758 delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
764 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
765 # First deparse command-line args
766 if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
767 print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
769 if ($^W) { # deparse -w
770 print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
772 if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
773 my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
774 my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
775 print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
777 my @BEGINs = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
778 my @UNITCHECKs = B::unitcheck_av->isa("B::AV")
779 ? B::unitcheck_av->ARRAY
781 my @CHECKs = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
782 my @INITs = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
783 my @ENDs = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
784 for my $block (@BEGINs, @UNITCHECKs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
785 $self->todo($block, 0);
788 local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
790 if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
791 my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
792 my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
793 print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
796 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
797 $self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
798 print $self->print_protos;
799 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
800 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
801 my $root = main_root;
802 local $B::overlay = {};
803 unless (null $root) {
804 $self->pessimise($root, main_start);
805 print $self->indent($self->deparse_root($root)), "\n";
808 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
809 push @text, $self->next_todo;
811 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
813 # Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
815 my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
816 ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
817 if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
818 print "package $laststash;\n"
819 unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
821 print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
829 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
832 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
835 my %strict_bits = do {
837 map +($_ => strict::bits($_)), qw/refs subs vars/
840 sub ambient_pragmas {
842 my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits, $hinthash) = (0, 0);
848 if ($name eq 'strict') {
851 if ($val eq 'none') {
852 $hint_bits &= $strict_bits{$_} for qw/refs subs vars/;
858 @names = qw/refs subs vars/;
864 @names = split' ', $val;
866 $hint_bits |= $strict_bits{$_} for @names;
869 elsif ($name eq '$[') {
870 if (OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
873 croak "\$[ can't be non-zero on this perl" unless $val == 0;
877 elsif ($name eq 'integer'
879 || $name eq 'utf8') {
882 $hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
885 $hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
889 elsif ($name eq 're') {
891 if ($val eq 'none') {
892 $hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
898 @names = qw/taint eval/;
904 @names = split' ',$val;
906 $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
909 elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
910 if ($val eq 'none') {
911 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
920 @names = split/\s+/, $val;
923 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
924 $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
927 elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
928 $warning_bits = $val;
931 elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
935 elsif ($name eq '%^H') {
940 croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
944 croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
947 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
948 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
949 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
950 $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = $hinthash;
953 # This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
958 Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
959 || class($op) eq "NULL";
960 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
961 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
967 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
972 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
973 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
974 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
975 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
976 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
978 $leader = " " x $level;
980 $line = substr($line, 1);
982 if (index($line, "\f") > 0) {
985 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
986 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
988 $line = $leader . $line;
992 return join("\n", @lines);
999 Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
1000 Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
1001 local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
1002 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
1003 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
1005 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
1007 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
1008 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
1009 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
1012 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
1013 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
1014 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1015 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
1017 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
1018 local $B::overlay = {};
1019 if (not null $root) {
1020 $self->pessimise($root, $cv->START);
1021 my $lineseq = $root->first;
1022 if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
1024 for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1027 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, 0, @ops).";";
1028 my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
1029 if (defined $scope_en) {
1030 my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
1031 $body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
1035 $body = $self->deparse($root->first, 0);
1039 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
1041 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
1042 return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
1043 } else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
1047 return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
1050 sub deparse_format {
1054 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
1055 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
1056 local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
1057 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1058 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
1059 my $op = $form->ROOT;
1060 local $B::overlay = {};
1061 $self->pessimise($op, $form->START);
1063 return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
1064 || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
1065 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
1066 while (not null $op) {
1067 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
1069 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1070 push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
1071 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1072 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1073 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, -1);
1074 $exprs[-1] =~ s/;\z//;
1076 push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
1079 return join("", @text) . "\f.";
1084 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
1085 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
1086 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
1087 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
1091 my $name = $_[0]->name;
1092 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
1095 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop ('foo() while $y--')
1097 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
1098 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1099 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
1100 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
1101 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
1102 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
1103 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
1107 # Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
1108 # for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
1111 # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
1112 # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
1113 # will be an sassign.) The sibling is (old style) a lineseq whose
1114 # first child is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop, or
1115 # (new style) an unstack whose sibling is a leaveloop.
1116 my $lseq = $op->sibling;
1117 return 0 unless !is_state($op) and !null($lseq);
1118 if ($lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
1119 if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
1120 && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
1121 return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
1123 } elsif ($lseq->name eq "unstack" && ($lseq->flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1124 my $sib = $lseq->sibling;
1125 return $sib && !null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop";
1132 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
1133 $op->name eq "padsv" or
1134 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
1135 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
1136 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
1141 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1142 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
1143 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
1144 or $self->{'parens'})
1147 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
1148 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
1155 # same as above, but get around the 'if it looks like a function' rule
1156 sub maybe_parens_unop {
1158 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
1159 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
1160 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
1161 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
1162 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
1164 return $self->keyword($name) . "($kid)";
1166 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
1167 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
1168 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
1170 $name = $self->keyword($name);
1171 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
1173 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
1174 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
1175 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
1176 # ('+' can lead to ambiguities)
1177 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
1179 return "$name $kid";
1184 sub maybe_parens_func {
1186 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1187 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
1188 return "$func($text)";
1190 return "$func $text";
1196 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1197 my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
1198 if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)) {
1199 my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
1200 if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
1201 if ( $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
1202 and !utf8::decode($text) || $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
1204 die "Unexpected our($text)\n";
1206 $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
1208 return $text if $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op};
1209 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1210 return "$our_local $text";
1212 return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
1221 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
1222 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
1223 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
1224 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
1225 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
1227 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
1234 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1239 my($op, $cx, $text, $forbid_parens) = @_;
1240 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1241 my $my = $op->private & OPpPAD_STATE
1242 ? $self->keyword("state")
1244 if ($forbid_parens || want_scalar($op)) {
1247 return $self->maybe_parens_func($my, $text, $cx, 16);
1254 # The following OPs don't have functions:
1256 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
1259 if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
1260 warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
1263 die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
1267 sub DESTROY {} # Do not AUTOLOAD
1269 # $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
1270 # we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
1271 # any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
1272 # append appropriate declarations.
1274 my($self, $root, $cx, @ops) = @_;
1277 my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
1278 my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
1280 if (defined $root) {
1281 $limit_seq = $out_seq;
1283 $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
1284 $limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
1285 or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
1287 $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
1288 if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
1289 && (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
1290 local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
1292 $self->walk_lineseq($root, \@ops,
1293 sub { push @exprs, $_[0]} );
1295 my $sep = $cx ? '; ' : ";\n";
1296 my $body = join($sep, grep {length} @exprs);
1298 if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
1299 $subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
1301 return join($sep, grep {length} $body, $subs);
1305 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
1309 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1310 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'} if $real_block;
1312 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
1313 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
1314 my $top = $kid->first;
1315 my $name = $top->name;
1316 if ($name eq "and") {
1318 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
1320 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
1321 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
1323 my $cond = $top->first;
1324 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
1325 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1326 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
1327 return "$body $name $cond";
1332 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1335 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
1336 my $body = $self->lineseq($op, 0, @kids);
1337 return is_lexical_subs(@kids) ? $body : "do {\n\t$body\n\b}";
1339 my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, $cx, @kids);
1340 return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
1344 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
1345 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
1346 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
1348 # This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
1349 # main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
1350 # soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
1354 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
1355 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
1357 return if null $op->first; # Can happen, e.g., for Bytecode without -k
1358 for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1361 $self->walk_lineseq($op, \@kids,
1362 sub { print $self->indent($_[0].';');
1363 print "\n" unless $_[1] == $#kids;
1368 my ($self, $op, $kids, $callback) = @_;
1370 for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
1372 if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
1373 $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i++], 0);
1375 $callback->($expr, $i);
1379 if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
1380 $callback->($expr . $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0),
1381 $i += $kids[$i]->sibling->name eq "unstack" ? 2 : 1);
1384 $expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
1385 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1386 $callback->($expr, $i);
1390 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
1391 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
1393 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
1394 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
1400 Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
1401 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
1402 my $name = $raw ? $gv->NAME : $gv->SAFENAME;
1403 if ($stash eq 'main' && $name =~ /^::/) {
1406 elsif (($stash eq 'main'
1407 && ($globalnames{$name} || $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_:]/))
1408 or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name}
1409 && ($stash eq 'main' || $name !~ /::/))
1414 $stash = $stash . "::";
1416 if (!$raw and $name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
1417 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
1419 return $stash . $name;
1422 # Return the name to use for a stash variable.
1423 # If a lexical with the same name is in scope, or
1424 # if strictures are enabled, it may need to be
1426 sub stash_variable {
1427 my ($self, $prefix, $name, $cx) = @_;
1429 return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
1431 unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
1432 $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
1433 return "$prefix$name";
1436 if ($name =~ /^[^\w+-]$/) {
1437 if (defined $cx && $cx == 26) {
1438 if ($prefix eq '@') {
1439 return "$prefix\{$name}";
1441 elsif ($name eq '#') { return '${#}' } # "${#}a" vs "$#a"
1443 if ($prefix eq '$#') {
1444 return "\$#{$name}";
1448 return $prefix . $self->maybe_qualify($prefix, $name);
1451 # Return just the name, without the prefix. It may be returned as a quoted
1452 # string. The second return value is a boolean indicating that.
1453 sub stash_variable_name {
1454 my($self, $prefix, $gv) = @_;
1455 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv, 1);
1456 $name = $self->maybe_qualify($prefix,$name);
1457 if ($name =~ /^(?:\S|(?!\d)[\ca-\cz]?(?:\w|::)*|\d+)\z/) {
1458 $name =~ s/^([\ca-\cz])/'^'.($1|'@')/e;
1459 $name =~ /^(\^..|{)/ and $name = "{$name}";
1460 return $name, 0; # not quoted
1463 single_delim("q", "'", $name), 1;
1468 my ($self,$prefix,$name) = @_;
1469 my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
1470 return $name if !$prefix || $name =~ /::/;
1471 return $self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name
1473 $name =~ /^(?!\d)\w/ # alphabetic
1474 && $v !~ /^\$[ab]\z/ # not $a or $b
1475 && !$globalnames{$name} # not a global name
1476 && $self->{hints} & $strict_bits{vars} # strict vars
1477 && !$self->lex_in_scope($v,1) # no "our"
1478 or $self->lex_in_scope($v); # conflicts with "my" variable
1483 my ($self, $name, $our) = @_;
1484 substr $name, 0, 0, = $our ? 'o' : 'm'; # our/my
1485 $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
1487 return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
1488 my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
1489 return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
1490 for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
1491 my ($st, $en) = @$a;
1492 return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
1497 sub populate_curcvlex {
1499 for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
1500 my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
1501 # an undef CV still in lexical chain
1502 next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
1503 my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
1504 my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
1506 for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
1507 next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
1508 if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
1509 # Probably that pesky lexical @_
1512 my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
1513 my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
1514 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
1516 : ($ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, $ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH);
1518 push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{
1519 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR ? 'o' : 'm') . $name
1520 }}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
1525 sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
1526 sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
1528 # Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
1530 my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
1531 carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
1532 return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
1535 while(my $op = shift @queue ) {
1536 for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1537 if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
1538 my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW);
1539 my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH;
1540 $scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
1541 $scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
1542 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1544 elsif (is_state($o)) {
1545 my $c = $o->cop_seq;
1546 $scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
1547 $scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
1548 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1550 elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1551 unshift (@queue, $o);
1556 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1559 # Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
1561 my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
1562 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
1563 # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
1564 # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
1565 if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
1566 and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
1569 $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
1570 return $self->seq_subs($seq);
1574 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
1576 #push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
1578 return "" if !defined $seq;
1579 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
1580 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
1581 push @text, $self->next_todo;
1586 sub _features_from_bundle {
1587 my ($hints, $hh) = @_;
1588 foreach (@{$feature::feature_bundle{@feature::hint_bundles[$hints >> $feature::hint_shift]}}) {
1589 $hh->{$feature::feature{$_}} = 1;
1594 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
1595 # also $[ assignments and pragmas.
1599 $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
1601 push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
1602 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
1603 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
1604 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
1605 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
1608 if (OPpCONST_ARYBASE && $self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
1609 push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
1610 $self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
1613 my $warnings = $op->warnings;
1615 if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
1616 $warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
1618 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
1619 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
1621 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
1622 $warning_bits = undef;
1625 $warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
1628 if (defined ($warning_bits) and
1629 !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
1630 push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
1631 $self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
1634 my $hints = $] < 5.008009 ? $op->private : $op->hints;
1635 my $old_hints = $self->{'hints'};
1636 if ($self->{'hints'} != $hints) {
1637 push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $hints);
1638 $self->{'hints'} = $hints;
1643 $newhh = $op->hints_hash->HASH;
1646 if ($] >= 5.015006) {
1647 # feature bundle hints
1648 my $from = $old_hints & $feature::hint_mask;
1649 my $to = $ hints & $feature::hint_mask;
1651 if ($to == $feature::hint_mask) {
1652 if ($self->{'hinthash'}) {
1653 delete $self->{'hinthash'}{$_}
1654 for grep /^feature_/, keys %{$self->{'hinthash'}};
1656 else { $self->{'hinthash'} = {} }
1658 = _features_from_bundle($from, $self->{'hinthash'});
1662 $feature::hint_bundles[$to >> $feature::hint_shift];
1663 $bundle =~ s/(\d[13579])\z/$1+1/e; # 5.11 => 5.12
1664 push @text, "no feature;\n",
1665 "use feature ':$bundle';\n";
1671 push @text, declare_hinthash(
1672 $self->{'hinthash'}, $newhh,
1673 $self->{indent_size}, $self->{hints},
1675 $self->{'hinthash'} = $newhh;
1678 # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
1679 # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
1680 # the original program.
1681 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
1682 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
1683 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
1686 push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
1688 return join("", @text);
1691 sub declare_warnings {
1692 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1693 if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq (warnings::bits("all") & WARN_MASK)) {
1694 return "use warnings;\n";
1696 elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq ("\0"x length($to) & WARN_MASK)) {
1697 return "no warnings;\n";
1699 return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
1703 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1704 my $use = $to & ~$from;
1705 my $no = $from & ~$to;
1707 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
1708 $decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
1710 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
1711 $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
1716 # Internal implementation hints that the core sets automatically, so don't need
1717 # (or want) to be passed back to the user
1718 my %ignored_hints = (
1729 sub declare_hinthash {
1730 my ($from, $to, $indent, $hints) = @_;
1731 my $doing_features =
1732 ($hints & $feature::hint_mask) == $feature::hint_mask;
1735 my @unfeatures; # bugs?
1736 for my $key (sort keys %$to) {
1737 next if $ignored_hints{$key};
1738 my $is_feature = $key =~ /^feature_/ && $^V ge 5.15.6;
1739 next if $is_feature and not $doing_features;
1740 if (!exists $from->{$key} or $from->{$key} ne $to->{$key}) {
1741 push(@features, $key), next if $is_feature;
1743 qq(\$^H{) . single_delim("q", "'", $key) . qq(} = )
1746 ? single_delim("q", "'", $to->{$key})
1752 for my $key (sort keys %$from) {
1753 next if $ignored_hints{$key};
1754 my $is_feature = $key =~ /^feature_/ && $^V ge 5.15.6;
1755 next if $is_feature and not $doing_features;
1756 if (!exists $to->{$key}) {
1757 push(@unfeatures, $key), next if $is_feature;
1758 push @decls, qq(delete \$^H{'$key'};);
1762 if (@features || @unfeatures) {
1763 if (!%rev_feature) { %rev_feature = reverse %feature::feature }
1766 push @ret, "use feature "
1767 . join(", ", map "'$rev_feature{$_}'", @features) . ";\n";
1770 push @ret, "no feature "
1771 . join(", ", map "'$rev_feature{$_}'", @unfeatures)
1776 join("\n" . (" " x $indent), "BEGIN {", @decls) . "\n}\n";
1782 my (@pragmas, @strict);
1783 push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
1784 for (sort keys %strict_bits) {
1785 push @strict, "'$_'" if $bits & $strict_bits{$_};
1787 if (@strict == keys %strict_bits) {
1788 push @pragmas, "strict";
1791 push @pragmas, "strict " . join ', ', @strict;
1793 push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
1797 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1798 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1800 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
1802 my %feature_keywords = (
1803 # keyword => 'feature',
1808 default => 'switch',
1810 evalbytes=>'evalbytes',
1811 __SUB__ => '__SUB__',
1815 # keywords that are strong and also have a prototype
1817 my %strong_proto_keywords = map { $_ => 1 } qw(
1828 return $name if $name =~ /^CORE::/; # just in case
1829 if (exists $feature_keywords{$name}) {
1831 my $hints = $self->{hints} & $feature::hint_mask;
1832 if ($hints && $hints != $feature::hint_mask) {
1833 $hh = _features_from_bundle($hints);
1835 elsif ($hints) { $hh = $self->{'hinthash'} }
1836 return "CORE::$name"
1838 || !$hh->{"feature_$feature_keywords{$name}"}
1840 if ($strong_proto_keywords{$name}
1841 || ($name !~ /^(?:chom?p|do|exec|glob|s(?:elect|ystem))\z/
1842 && !defined eval{prototype "CORE::$name"})
1845 exists $self->{subs_declared}{$name}
1847 exists &{"$self->{curstash}::$name"}
1849 return "CORE::$name"
1856 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1857 return $self->keyword($name);
1862 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1870 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
1871 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
1872 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
1873 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
1874 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
1875 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
1876 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
1877 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
1878 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
1879 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
1880 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
1881 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
1882 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
1883 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
1884 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
1885 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
1886 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
1887 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
1888 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
1889 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
1890 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
1892 sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
1894 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
1895 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
1899 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1900 my $kid = $op->first;
1901 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
1902 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX)
1904 # avoid confusion with filetests
1906 && $kid =~ /^[a-zA-Z](?!\w)/
1912 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1913 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1914 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1915 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1916 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1917 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1918 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1919 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1920 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
1922 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
1926 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
1928 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
1930 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
1933 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
1939 $self->listop($op, $cx, "not", $op->first);
1941 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
1947 my($op, $cx, $name, $nollafr) = @_;
1949 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1952 # this deals with 'boolkeys' right now
1953 return $self->deparse($kid,$cx);
1955 my $builtinname = $name;
1956 $builtinname =~ /^CORE::/ or $builtinname = "CORE::$name";
1957 if (defined prototype($builtinname)
1958 && prototype($builtinname) =~ /^;?\*/
1959 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
1964 ($kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16)) =~ s/^\cS//;
1965 return $self->maybe_parens(
1966 $self->keyword($name) . " $kid", $cx, 16
1969 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1971 return $self->maybe_parens(
1972 $self->keyword($name) . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : ""),
1978 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1979 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1980 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1981 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1982 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
1983 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
1984 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
1985 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
1986 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
1988 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
1989 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
1990 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
1991 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
1992 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
1993 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
1994 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
1995 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
1996 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
1997 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
1998 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
2000 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
2001 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
2002 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
2004 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
2005 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
2006 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
2007 { no strict 'refs'; *{"pp_r$_"} = *{"pp_$_"} for qw< keys each values >; }
2009 # no name because its an optimisation op that has no keyword
2012 sub pp_aeach { unop(@_, "each") }
2013 sub pp_avalues { unop(@_, "values") }
2014 sub pp_akeys { unop(@_, "keys") }
2015 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
2016 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
2018 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
2019 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
2020 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
2021 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
2023 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
2024 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
2025 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
2026 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
2027 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
2028 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
2029 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
2030 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
2031 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
2032 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
2033 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
2035 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
2036 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
2037 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
2038 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
2039 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
2040 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
2041 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
2042 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
2043 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
2044 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
2045 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
2046 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
2047 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
2050 my $code = unop(@_, "do", 1); # llafr does not apply
2051 if ($code =~ s/^((?:CORE::)?do) \{/$1({/) { $code .= ')' }
2057 $_[1]->private & OPpEVAL_BYTES ? $_[0]->keyword('evalbytes') : "eval"
2061 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
2062 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
2063 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
2064 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
2065 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
2066 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
2067 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
2068 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
2069 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
2070 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
2071 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
2073 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
2075 sub pp_continue { unop(@_, "continue"); }
2076 sub pp_break { unop(@_, "break"); }
2080 my($op, $cx, $givwhen) = @_;
2082 my $enterop = $op->first;
2084 if ($enterop->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2085 $head = $self->keyword("default");
2086 $block = $self->deparse($enterop->first, 0);
2089 my $cond = $enterop->first;
2090 my $cond_str = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
2091 $head = "$givwhen ($cond_str)";
2092 $block = $self->deparse($cond->sibling, 0);
2100 sub pp_leavegiven { givwhen(@_, $_[0]->keyword("given")); }
2101 sub pp_leavewhen { givwhen(@_, $_[0]->keyword("when")); }
2107 if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
2108 # Checking for the existence of a subroutine
2109 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
2110 $self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
2112 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2113 # Array element, not hash element
2114 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
2115 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
2117 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
2125 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
2126 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2127 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
2128 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
2129 $self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
2132 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
2133 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
2136 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2137 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
2138 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
2139 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
2142 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
2143 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
2151 my $opname = $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? 'CORE::require' : 'require';
2152 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
2153 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
2155 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
2158 return $self->maybe_parens("$opname $name", $cx, 16);
2162 $op->first->name eq 'const'
2163 && $op->first->private & OPpCONST_NOVER
2166 1, # llafr does not apply
2174 my $kid = $op->first;
2175 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
2176 # XXX Was a here-doc
2177 return $self->dquote($op);
2179 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
2186 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
2189 sub anon_hash_or_list {
2193 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
2194 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$op->name}};
2196 $op = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2197 for (; !null($op); $op = $op->sibling) {
2198 $expr = $self->deparse($op, 6);
2201 if ($pre eq "{" and $cx < 1) {
2202 # Disambiguate that it's not a block
2205 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
2211 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2212 return $self->anon_hash_or_list($op, $cx);
2214 warn "Unexpected op pp_" . $op->name() . " without OPf_SPECIAL";
2218 *pp_anonhash = \&pp_anonlist;
2223 my $kid = $op->first;
2224 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
2226 if (!null($kid->sibling) and
2227 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
2228 return $self->e_anoncode({ code => $self->padval($kid->sibling->targ) });
2229 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
2230 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
2231 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
2232 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
2234 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
2236 return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
2237 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
2238 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
2239 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
2240 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
2241 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
2246 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
2250 my ($self, $info) = @_;
2251 my $text = $self->deparse_sub($info->{code});
2252 return "sub " . $text;
2255 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
2260 my $kid = $op->first;
2261 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
2262 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
2263 return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
2269 return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
2272 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
2275 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
2277 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2279 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
2280 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
2281 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
2283 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
2287 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
2288 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
2289 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
2290 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
2291 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
2292 sub pp_fc { dq_unop(@_, "fc") }
2296 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2297 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
2298 $name .= " " . $op->pv;
2299 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
2301 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
2302 (my $kid = $self->deparse($op->first, 7)) =~ s/^\cS//;
2305 return $self->maybe_parens($name, $cx, 7);
2308 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
2309 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
2310 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
2311 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
2312 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "CORE::dump") }
2316 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2317 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
2318 # Genuine '-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
2320 if ($name =~ /^-/) {
2321 (my $kid = $self->deparse($op->first, 16)) =~ s/^\cS//;
2322 return $self->maybe_parens("$name $kid", $cx, 16);
2324 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
2325 } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
2326 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
2327 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
2332 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
2333 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
2334 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
2335 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
2336 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
2337 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
2338 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
2339 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-x") }
2340 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
2341 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
2342 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
2343 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
2344 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
2345 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
2346 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
2347 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
2348 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
2349 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
2350 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
2351 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
2352 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
2353 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
2354 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
2355 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
2356 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
2357 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
2358 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
2359 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
2360 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
2362 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
2363 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
2364 sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
2370 my $name = $op->name;
2371 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
2372 # avoid spurious '=' -- see comment in pp_concat
2375 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2376 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
2377 and null $op->first->sibling)
2379 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
2380 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
2381 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
2382 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
2383 # their associativity).
2384 return assoc_class($op->first);
2386 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
2389 # Left associative operators, like '+', for which
2390 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
2393 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
2394 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
2395 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
2397 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
2398 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
2400 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
2402 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
2404 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
2408 sub deparse_binop_left {
2410 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
2411 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
2412 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
2414 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
2416 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
2420 # Right associative operators, like '=', for which
2421 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
2424 %right = ('pow' => 22,
2425 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
2426 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
2427 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
2428 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
2430 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
2431 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
2433 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
2435 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
2441 sub deparse_binop_right {
2443 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
2444 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
2445 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
2447 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
2449 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
2455 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
2456 my $left = $op->first;
2457 my $right = $op->last;
2459 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
2463 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
2464 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
2466 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2467 $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
2468 && $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
2469 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2470 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2473 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2474 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2475 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
2476 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2477 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2478 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
2479 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
2480 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
2481 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
2482 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
2483 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
2485 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
2486 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
2487 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
2488 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
2489 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
2491 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2492 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2493 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2494 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2495 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2496 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2497 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2498 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
2499 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
2500 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
2501 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
2502 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
2503 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
2504 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
2506 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
2507 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
2508 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
2509 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
2510 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
2511 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
2512 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
2514 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
2515 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
2518 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2519 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2520 return $self->deparse($op->last, $cx);
2523 binop(@_, "~~", 14);
2527 # '.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
2528 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
2529 # programmer had written '($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
2530 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
2534 my $left = $op->first;
2535 my $right = $op->last;
2538 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
2542 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2543 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2544 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2547 # 'x' is weird when the left arg is a list
2551 my $left = $op->first;
2552 my $right = $op->last;
2555 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2559 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
2560 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2562 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2563 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2566 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
2568 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2570 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2571 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2576 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2577 my $left = $op->first;
2578 my $right = $left->sibling;
2579 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
2580 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
2581 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
2587 my $flip = $op->first;
2588 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
2589 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
2592 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
2596 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
2597 my $left = $op->first;
2598 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
2599 if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
2600 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
2602 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2603 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
2604 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
2605 } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
2606 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
2607 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
2608 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2609 return "$right $blockname $left";
2610 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
2611 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
2612 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
2613 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
2614 } else { # $a and $b
2615 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
2616 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
2617 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
2621 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
2622 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
2623 sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "//", 10) }
2625 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
2626 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
2627 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
2631 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
2632 my $left = $op->first;
2633 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
2634 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
2635 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
2636 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
2639 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
2640 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
2641 sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
2643 sub rv2gv_or_string {
2645 if ($op->name eq "gv") { # could be open("open") or open("###")
2647 $self->stash_variable_name("", $self->gv_or_padgv($op));
2648 $quoted ? $name : "*$name";
2651 $self->deparse($op, 6);
2657 my($op, $cx, $name, $kid, $nollafr) = @_;
2659 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2660 $kid ||= $op->first->sibling;
2661 # If there are no arguments, add final parentheses (or parenthesize the
2662 # whole thing if the llafr does not apply) to account for cases like
2663 # (return)+1 or setpgrp()+1. When the llafr does not apply, we use a
2664 # precedence of 6 (< comma), as "return, 1" does not need parentheses.
2667 ? $self->maybe_parens($self->keyword($name), $cx, 7)
2668 : $self->keyword($name) . '()' x (7 < $cx);
2671 my $fullname = $self->keyword($name);
2672 my $proto = prototype("CORE::$name");
2674 ( (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^;?\*/)
2675 || $name eq 'select' # select(F) doesn't have a proto
2677 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv"
2678 && !($kid->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
2680 $first = $self->rv2gv_or_string($kid->first);
2683 $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2685 if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
2686 $first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
2689 if not $parens and not $nollafr and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
2690 push @exprs, $first;
2691 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2692 if (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^\*\*/ && $kid->name eq "rv2gv"
2693 && !($kid->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)) {
2694 push @exprs, $first = $self->rv2gv_or_string($kid->first);
2695 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2697 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2698 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2700 if ($name eq "reverse" && ($op->private & OPpREVERSE_INPLACE)) {
2701 return "$exprs[0] = $fullname"
2702 . ($parens ? "($exprs[0])" : " $exprs[0]");
2704 if ($name =~ /^(system|exec)$/
2705 && ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED)
2708 # handle the "system prog a1,a2,.." form
2709 my $prog = shift @exprs;
2710 $exprs[0] = "$prog $exprs[0]";
2713 if ($parens && $nollafr) {
2714 return "($fullname " . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2716 return "$fullname(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2718 return "$fullname " . join(", ", @exprs);
2722 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
2723 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
2725 my ($self,$op,$cx) = @_;
2726 if ($op->private & OPpSUBSTR_REPL_FIRST) {
2728 listop($self, $op, 7, "substr", $op->first->sibling->sibling)
2730 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7);
2732 maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr"))
2734 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
2735 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
2736 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
2737 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
2738 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
2739 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
2740 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
2741 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
2742 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
2743 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
2744 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
2745 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
2746 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
2747 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
2748 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
2749 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return", undef, 1) } # llafr does not apply
2750 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
2751 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
2752 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
2753 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
2754 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
2755 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
2756 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
2757 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
2758 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
2759 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
2760 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
2761 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
2762 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
2763 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
2764 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
2765 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
2766 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
2767 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
2768 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
2769 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "socketpair") }
2770 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
2771 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
2772 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
2773 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
2774 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
2775 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
2776 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
2777 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
2778 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
2779 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
2780 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
2781 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
2782 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
2783 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
2784 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
2785 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
2786 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
2787 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
2788 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
2789 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
2790 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
2791 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
2792 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
2793 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
2794 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
2795 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
2796 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
2797 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
2798 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
2799 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
2800 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
2801 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
2802 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
2803 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
2804 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
2805 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
2806 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
2807 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
2808 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
2809 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
2810 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
2815 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2817 $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? 'glob' : $self->keyword('glob');
2819 if ($keyword =~ /^CORE::/
2820 or $kid->name ne 'const'
2821 or ($text = $self->dq($kid))
2822 =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
2823 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
2824 $text = $self->deparse($kid);
2825 return $cx >= 5 || $self->{'parens'}
2829 return '<' . $text . '>';
2833 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
2834 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
2835 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
2841 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2842 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2844 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2845 # $kid is an OP_CONST
2846 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
2848 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2849 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
2851 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
2852 my $name = $self->keyword('truncate');
2854 return "$name($fh, $len)";
2856 return "$name $fh, $len";
2862 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2864 my $firstkid = my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2866 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2868 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
2869 if (is_scope($indir)) {
2870 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
2871 $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
2872 } elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
2873 $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
2875 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
2877 $indir = $indir . " ";
2878 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2880 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
2881 $indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
2884 elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) {
2885 $indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
2887 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2888 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, !$indir && $kid == $firstkid && $name eq "sort" && $firstkid->name eq "entersub" ? 16 : 6);
2892 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
2893 $name2 = $self->keyword('reverse') . ' ' . $self->keyword('sort');
2895 else { $name2 = $self->keyword($name) }
2896 if ($name eq "sort" && ($op->private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)) {
2897 return "$exprs[0] = $name2 $indir $exprs[0]";
2900 my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
2901 if ($indir ne "" && $name eq "sort") {
2902 # We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
2903 # give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
2904 # requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
2905 # 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
2906 # necessary more often that they really are, because we don't
2907 # distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
2909 return "($name2 $args)";
2911 return "$name2 $args";
2914 !$indir && $name eq "sort"
2915 && !null($op->first->sibling)
2916 && $op->first->sibling->name eq 'entersub'
2918 # We cannot say sort foo(bar), as foo will be interpreted as a
2919 # comparison routine. We have to say sort(...) in that case.
2920 return "$name2($args)";
2922 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name2, $args, $cx, 5);
2927 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
2928 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
2929 sub pp_say { indirop(@_, "say") }
2930 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
2934 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2936 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
2937 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
2938 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
2939 if (is_scope $code) {
2940 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
2942 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24);
2943 $code .= ", " if !null($kid->sibling);
2945 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2946 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2947 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2948 push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
2950 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
2953 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
2954 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
2955 sub pp_mapstart { baseop(@_, "map") }
2956 sub pp_grepstart { baseop(@_, "grep") }
2962 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2963 return '' if class($kid) eq 'NULL';
2965 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...), state(...) or our(...)
2966 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
2967 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
2968 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
2969 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
2971 # OP_ENTERSUB and OP_SPLIT can break this logic, so check for them.
2972 # I suspect that open and exit can too.
2973 # XXX This really needs to be rewritten to accept only those ops
2974 # known to take the OPpLVAL_INTRO flag.
2976 if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
2977 or $lop->name eq "undef")
2978 or $lop->name =~ /^(?:entersub|exit|open|split)\z/)
2980 $local = ""; # or not
2983 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) {
2984 if ($lop->private & OPpPAD_STATE) { # state()
2985 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|my)$/;
2988 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|state)$/;
2991 } elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
2992 && $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
2993 or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
2994 && $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
2995 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|local|state)$/;
2997 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef"
2998 # specifically avoid the "reverse sort" optimisation,
2999 # where "reverse" is nullified
3000 && !($lop->name eq 'sort' && ($lop->flags & OPpSORT_REVERSE)))
3003 ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|our|state)$/;
3007 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
3008 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
3009 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3011 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
3016 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
3017 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
3018 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
3020 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
3025 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
3027 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
3031 sub is_ifelse_cont {
3033 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
3034 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
3035 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
3041 my $cond = $op->first;
3042 my $true = $cond->sibling;
3043 my $false = $true->sibling;
3044 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
3045 unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
3046 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
3047 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
3048 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
3049 $true = $self->deparse($true, 6);
3050 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
3051 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
3054 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
3055 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
3056 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
3058 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
3059 my $newop = $false->first;
3060 my $newcond = $newop->first;
3061 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
3062 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
3063 if ($newcond->name eq "lineseq")
3065 # lineseq to ensure correct line numbers in elsif()
3066 # Bug #37302 fixed by change #33710.
3067 $newcond = $newcond->first->sibling;
3069 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
3070 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
3071 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
3073 if (!null($false)) {
3074 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
3075 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
3079 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
3083 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
3084 my $cond = $op->first;
3085 my $true = $cond->sibling;
3087 return $self->deparse($true, $cx);
3092 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
3093 my $enter = $op->first;
3094 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
3095 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
3096 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
3101 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
3102 if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
3103 $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
3109 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
3110 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
3111 my $var = $ary->sibling;
3112 if ($ary->name eq 'null' and $enter->private & OPpITER_REVERSED) {
3113 # "reverse" was optimised away
3114 $ary = listop($self, $ary->first->sibling, 1, 'reverse');
3115 } elsif ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
3116 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
3118 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
3119 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
3121 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
3124 if (($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && ($] < 5.009)) {
3125 # thread special var, under 5005threads
3126 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
3127 } else { # regular my() variable
3128 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1, 1);
3130 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
3131 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
3132 if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
3133 # our declarations don't have package names
3134 $var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
3137 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
3138 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
3140 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
3141 if (!is_state $body->first and $body->first->name !~ /^(?:stub|leave|scope)$/) {
3142 confess unless $var eq '$_';
3143 $body = $body->first;
3144 return $self->deparse($body, 2) . " foreach ($ary)";
3146 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
3147 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
3149 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
3150 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
3151 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
3152 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
3153 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
3154 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
3156 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
3157 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
3158 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
3159 # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
3160 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
3161 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
3163 if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
3165 $cont = $body->last;
3167 $cont = $body->first;
3168 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
3169 $cont = $cont->sibling;
3172 my $state = $body->first;
3173 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
3175 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
3176 push @states, $state;
3178 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, 0, @states);
3179 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
3180 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
3183 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
3184 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
3187 return "" if !defined $body;
3189 $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
3192 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
3194 $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
3196 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
3199 sub pp_leaveloop { shift->loop_common(@_, "") }
3204 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
3205 my $s = $op->sibling;
3206 my $ll = $s->name eq "unstack" ? $s->sibling : $s->first->sibling;
3207 return $self->loop_common($ll, $cx, $init);
3212 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
3216 my ($op, $expect_type) = @_;
3217 my $type = $op->type;
3218 return($type == $expect_type
3219 || ($type == OP_NULL && $op->targ == $expect_type));
3225 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
3227 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
3228 } elsif ($op->first->name eq 'pushmark'
3229 or $op->first->name eq 'null'
3230 && $op->first->targ == OP_PUSHMARK
3231 && _op_is_or_was($op, OP_LIST)) {
3232 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
3233 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
3234 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
3235 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "leave") {
3236 return $self->pp_leave($op->first, $cx);
3237 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "scope") {
3238 return $self->pp_scope($op->first, $cx);
3239 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
3240 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
3241 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_GLOB) {
3242 return $self->pp_glob(
3243 $op->first # entersub
3249 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
3250 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
3251 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3252 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
3253 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
3255 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
3256 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
3257 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3258 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
3259 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
3261 } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
3262 return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
3263 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
3264 $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
3265 class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
3266 $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
3267 $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
3268 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
3269 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
3272 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
3279 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
3285 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
3290 my($op, $cx, $forbid_parens) = @_;
3291 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ),
3295 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
3296 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
3298 my @threadsv_names = B::threadsv_names;
3302 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
3308 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
3309 return $self->padval($op->padix);
3310 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
3318 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
3319 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
3320 $self->gv_name($gv), $cx));
3326 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
3327 return $self->gv_name($gv);
3330 sub pp_aelemfast_lex {
3333 my $name = $self->padname($op->targ);
3335 my $i = $op->private;
3336 $i -= 256 if $i > 127;
3337 return $name . "[" . ($i + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
3343 # optimised PADAV, pre 5.15
3344 return $self->pp_aelemfast_lex(@_) if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
3346 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
3347 my($name,$quoted) = $self->stash_variable_name('@',$gv);
3348 $name = $quoted ? "$name->" : '$' . $name;
3349 my $i = $op->private;
3350 $i -= 256 if $i > 127;
3351 return $name . "[" . ($i + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
3356 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
3358 if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
3359 carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
3362 my $kid = $op->first;
3363 if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
3364 return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0), $cx);
3365 } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
3366 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
3367 if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
3368 # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
3369 # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
3370 # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
3371 # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
3372 # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
3373 # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
3374 # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
3375 # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
3376 # disambiguation braces.
3377 $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
3379 return $type . $str;
3381 return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3385 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
3386 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
3387 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
3393 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
3394 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
3396 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
3397 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
3401 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
3403 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
3404 if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
3405 $op->first->targ == OP_LIST)
3407 return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
3410 return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
3416 my($cx, @list) = @_;
3417 my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
3422 } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
3423 # collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
3424 my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
3426 return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
3427 unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
3429 return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
3435 my $kid = $op->first;
3436 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
3437 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
3438 return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
3440 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
3444 sub is_subscriptable {
3446 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
3448 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
3449 my $kid = $op->first;
3450 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
3452 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
3453 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
3455 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv" || $kid->name eq "padcv";
3456 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
3457 return is_subscriptable($kid);
3463 sub elem_or_slice_array_name
3466 my ($array, $left, $padname, $allow_arrow) = @_;
3468 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
3469 return $self->padany($array);
3470 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
3471 return "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
3472 } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
3473 ($array, my $quoted) =
3474 $self->stash_variable_name(
3475 $left eq '[' ? '@' : '%', $self->gv_or_padgv($array)
3477 if (!$allow_arrow && $quoted) {
3478 # This cannot happen.
3479 die "Invalid variable name $array for slice";
3481 return $quoted ? "$array->" : $array;
3482 } elsif (!$allow_arrow || is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
3483 return $self->deparse($array, 24);
3489 sub elem_or_slice_single_index
3494 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
3496 # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
3497 # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
3498 # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
3500 # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
3501 # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
3502 # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
3503 # have been added in the first place.
3505 # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
3506 # where the initial and final parens do not match
3507 # each other. But we can't, because the above would
3508 # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
3509 # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
3510 # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
3512 $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
3514 # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
3515 # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
3516 # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
3517 # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
3518 # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
3519 # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
3520 # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
3522 $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
3529 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
3530 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
3532 $idx = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($idx);
3534 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
3535 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
3537 if (my $array_name=$self->elem_or_slice_array_name
3538 ($array, $left, $padname, 1)) {
3539 return ($array_name =~ /->\z/
3541 : $array_name eq '#' ? '${#}' : "\$" . $array_name)
3542 . $left . $idx . $right;
3544 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
3545 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
3546 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow . $left . $idx . $right;
3551 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
3552 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
3557 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
3558 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
3559 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
3560 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
3561 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
3562 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
3563 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
3568 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
3570 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
3571 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
3573 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
3574 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
3578 $array = $array->first
3579 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
3580 $array = $self->elem_or_slice_array_name($array,$left,$padname,0);
3581 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3582 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
3583 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
3584 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3585 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
3587 $list = join(", ", @elems);
3589 $list = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($kid);
3592 $lead = '%' if $op->name =~ /^kv/i;
3593 return $lead . $array . $left . $list . $right;
3596 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
3597 sub pp_kvaslice { slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav") }
3598 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
3599 sub pp_kvhslice { slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv") }
3604 my $idx = $op->first;
3605 my $list = $op->last;
3607 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
3608 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
3609 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
3614 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3619 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
3625 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3626 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
3627 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
3628 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
3629 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
3630 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
3631 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
3632 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
3633 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
3634 # '($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
3635 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
3636 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
3637 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
3638 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
3639 $meth = $kid->sibling;
3640 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
3642 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3643 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3648 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3649 for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name!~/^method(?:_named)?\z/;
3650 $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3656 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
3657 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
3659 $meth = $meth->first;
3660 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
3661 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
3662 # method_named case above
3663 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
3667 return { method => $meth, variable_method => ref($meth),
3668 object => $obj, args => \@exprs },
3672 # compat function only
3675 my $info = $self->_method(@_);
3676 return $self->e_method( $self->_method(@_) );
3680 my ($self, $info, $cx) = @_;
3681 my $obj = $self->deparse($info->{object}, 24);
3683 my $meth = $info->{method};
3684 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1) if $info->{variable_method};
3685 my $args = join(", ", map { $self->deparse($_, 6) } @{$info->{args}} );
3686 if ($info->{object}->name eq 'scope' && want_list $info->{object}) {
3687 # method { $object }
3688 # This must be deparsed this way to preserve list context
3690 my $need_paren = $cx >= 6;
3691 return '(' x $need_paren
3692 . $meth . substr($obj,2) # chop off the "do"
3694 . ')' x $need_paren;
3696 my $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
3698 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
3704 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
3705 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
3708 return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
3709 my($proto, @args) = @_;
3713 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
3714 1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
3717 $proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*_]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)\s*//;
3720 return "&" if @args;
3721 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
3723 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
3724 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
3729 if ($chr eq "\$" || $chr eq "_") {
3730 if (want_scalar $arg) {
3731 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3735 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
3736 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
3737 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3741 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
3742 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
3743 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
3745 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
3746 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
3747 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3749 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
3754 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
3756 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
3757 !null($real = $arg->first) and
3758 ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
3760 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3761 && $real->first->sibling->name
3764 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3765 && $real->first->sibling->name
3767 #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
3768 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
3770 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
3772 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3779 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no ';'
3780 return "&" if @args; # too many args
3781 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
3787 return $self->e_method($self->_method($op, $cx))
3788 unless null $op->first->sibling;
3792 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
3794 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
3798 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
3799 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3804 if (is_scope($kid)) {
3806 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3807 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
3808 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
3809 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
3810 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
3812 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
3813 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3815 if ($kid eq 'main::') {
3817 } elsif ($kid !~ /^(?:\w|::)(?:[\w\d]|::(?!\z))*\z/) {
3818 $kid = single_delim("q", "'", $kid) . '->';
3821 } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
3823 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3826 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) || $kid->first->name eq "padcv" ? "" : "->";
3827 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
3830 # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
3831 # they haven't happened yet!
3835 no warnings 'uninitialized';
3836 $declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
3838 defined &{ ${$self->{'curstash'}."::"}{$kid} }
3840 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
3841 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
3843 if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
3844 # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
3845 ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
3850 if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
3851 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
3852 if ($amper eq "&") {
3853 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3856 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3858 if ($prefix or $amper) {
3859 if ($kid eq '&') { $kid = "{$kid}" } # &{&} cannot be written as &&
3860 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3861 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
3863 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
3866 # It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo with a prefix,
3867 # so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
3869 $kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
3871 my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
3873 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3874 } elsif ($dproto =~ /^\s*\z/) {
3876 } elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
3877 # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
3878 # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
3879 # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
3880 # take some major code restructuring to do right.
3881 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
3882 } elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
3883 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
3885 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3890 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
3892 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
3893 # but not character escapes
3896 $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
3904 # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
3915 # the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
3929 (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\)) # $4
3935 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3940 # This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
3941 # We have to leave comments unmangled.
3942 sub re_uninterp_extended {
3955 ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\) # $4 (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
3956 | \#[^\n]* # (skip over comments)
3963 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3969 my %unctrl = # portable to EBCDIC
3971 "\c@" => '\c@', # unused
3998 "\c[" => '\c[', # unused
3999 "\c\\" => '\c\\', # unused
4000 "\c]" => '\c]', # unused
4001 "\c_" => '\c_', # unused
4004 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
4005 sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
4007 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
4009 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
4015 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
4016 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
4020 # For regexes with the /x modifier.
4021 # Leave whitespace unmangled.
4022 sub escape_extended_re {
4024 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
4025 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
4026 ($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
4027 $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
4031 # Don't do this for regexen
4034 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
4038 # Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
4039 # to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
4043 # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
4044 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
4048 sub balanced_delim {
4050 my @str = split //, $str;
4051 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt, $last_bs);
4052 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
4053 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
4054 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0; $last_bs = 0;
4057 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
4059 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
4060 $fail = 1 if $last_bs;
4068 $last_bs = $c eq '\\';
4070 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
4071 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
4077 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
4078 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
4080 (my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
4081 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
4083 for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
4084 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
4087 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
4088 return "$default$str$default";
4096 BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
4098 # Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
4099 # exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
4100 # some weird infinity or NaN.
4104 if ($f == int($f)) {
4105 while ($f % 2 == 0) {
4110 while ($f != int($f)) {
4115 my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
4116 return ($mantissa, $exponent);
4122 if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
4123 return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
4125 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
4126 # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
4127 return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
4129 if (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
4132 # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
4133 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
4134 for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
4135 return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
4139 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
4140 my $str = $sv->int_value;
4141 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
4143 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
4146 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
4151 return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
4153 } elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
4156 return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
4159 return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
4161 } elsif ($nv != $nv) {
4163 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
4165 return "sin(9**9**9)";
4166 } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
4168 return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
4171 my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
4172 return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
4175 # first, try the default stringification
4178 # failing that, try using more precision
4179 $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
4180 # if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
4182 # not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
4183 # and atof() Perl is using here.
4184 my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
4185 return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
4188 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
4190 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
4192 if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
4193 return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
4194 } elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
4195 my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
4197 for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
4198 push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
4200 return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
4201 } elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
4203 if ($] > 5.0150051) {
4204 require overloading;
4205 unimport overloading;
4208 if ($] > 5.0150051 && $self->{curcv} &&
4209 $self->{curcv}->object_2svref == $ref->object_2svref) {
4210 return $self->keyword("__SUB__");
4212 return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
4214 if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
4215 for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
4216 if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
4217 my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
4218 return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
4223 my $const = $self->const($ref, 20);
4224 if ($self->{in_subst_repl} && $const =~ /^[0-9]/) {
4225 $const = "($const)";
4227 return $self->maybe_parens("\\$const", $cx, 20);
4228 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
4230 if ($str =~ /[[:^print:]]/) {
4231 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
4233 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
4243 my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
4244 my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
4245 $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
4246 my $str = $dumper->Dump();
4247 if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
4248 return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
4258 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
4259 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
4266 if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
4269 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with '=>' autoquoting
4270 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
4272 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
4273 return $self->const($sv, $cx);
4279 my $type = $op->name;
4280 if ($type eq "const") {
4281 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4282 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
4283 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
4284 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
4285 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
4287 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
4288 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
4289 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
4290 || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
4291 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
4293 return $first . $last;
4294 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
4295 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
4296 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
4297 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
4298 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
4299 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
4300 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
4301 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
4302 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
4303 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
4304 } elsif ($type eq "fc") {
4305 return '\F' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
4306 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
4307 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
4309 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
4316 # skip pushmark if it exists (readpipe() vs ``)
4317 my $child = $op->first->sibling->isa('B::NULL')
4318 ? $op->first : $op->first->sibling;
4319 if ($self->pure_string($child)) {
4320 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($child, 1));
4322 unop($self, @_, "readpipe");
4328 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
4329 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
4330 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
4331 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
4334 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
4335 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
4337 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
4338 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
4340 my($from, $to) = @_;
4341 my($succeed, $delim);
4342 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
4343 return "/$from/$to/";
4344 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
4345 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
4348 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no "'" -- s''' is special
4349 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
4352 return "$from/$to/";
4355 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
4356 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
4357 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
4359 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
4361 return "/$from/$to/";
4365 # Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
4368 if ($n == ord '\\') {
4370 } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
4372 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
4374 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
4376 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
4378 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
4380 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
4382 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
4384 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
4386 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
4388 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
4389 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
4391 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
4392 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
4398 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
4399 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
4402 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
4403 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
4405 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
4408 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
4414 sub tr_decode_byte {
4415 my($table, $flags) = @_;
4416 my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
4417 splice @table, 0x100, 1; # Number of subsequent elements
4418 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
4419 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
4420 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
4422 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
4423 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
4427 } else { # -2 ==> delete
4431 for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
4434 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
4435 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
4439 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
4440 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
4443 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
4444 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
4445 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
4449 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
4450 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
4453 $from = collapse(@from);
4454 $to = collapse(@to);
4455 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
4456 return ($from, $to);
4461 if ($x == ord "-") {
4463 } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
4470 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
4472 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
4473 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
4474 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
4476 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
4477 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
4478 my $extra = $none + 1;
4479 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
4481 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
4482 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
4489 $result = hex $result;
4490 if ($result == $extra) {
4491 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
4493 push @from, [$min, $max];
4494 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
4497 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
4498 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
4499 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
4500 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
4502 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
4505 unshift @from, ord '-';
4506 unshift @to, ord '-';
4510 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
4511 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {